cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mitochondrial DNA molecular of Drosophila yakuba: nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code.

The sequence of the 16,019 nucleotide-pair mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule ofDrosophila yakuba is presented. This molecule contains the genes for two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, six identified proteins [cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II, and III (COI-III), and ATPase subunits 6 and 8] and seven presumptive proteins (URF1-6 and URF4L). Replication originates within a region of 1077 nucleotides that is 92.8% A+T and lacks any open reading frame larger than 123 nucleotides. An equivalent to the sequence found in all mammalian mtDNAs that is associated with initiation of second-strand DNA synthesis is not present inD. yakuba mtDNA. Introns are absent fromD. yakuba mitochondrial genes and there are few (0–31) intergenic nucleotides. The genes found inD. yakuba and mammalian mtDNAs are the same, but there are differences in their arrangement and in the relative proportions of the complementary strands of the molecule that serve as templates for transcription. Although theD. yakuba small and large mitochondrial rRNA genes are exceptionally low in G and C and are shorter than any other metazoan rRNA genes reported, they can be folded into secondary structures remarkably similar to the secondary structures proposed for mammalian mitochondrial rRNAs.D. yakuba mitochondrial tRNA genes, like their mammalian counterparts, are more variable in sequence than nonorganelle tRNAs. In mitochrondrial protein genes ATG, ATT, ATA, and in one case (COI) ATAA appear to be used as translation initiation codons. The only termination codon found in these genes is TAA. In theD. yakuba mitochondrial genetic code, AGA, ATA, and TGA specify serine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, respectively. Fifty-nine types of sense codon are used in theD. yakuba mitochondrial protein genes, but 93.8% of all codons end in A or T. Codon-anticodon interactions may include both G-A and C-A pairing in the wobble position. Evidence is summarized that supports the hypothesis that A and T nucleotides are favored at all locations in theD. yakuba mtDNA molecule where these nucleotides are compatible with function.
Characterization of Jacobian varieties in terms of soliton equations

Pour Ω dans le demi-espace superieur de Siegel h g , soit X=C g /(Z g +ΩZ g ) la variete abelienne principalement polarisee correspondante et soit θ(Z)=θ(Z,Ω)=∑ m e Z gexp(2Πi t mz+πi t mΩm) la fonction theta de Riemann pour X. Les deux conditions (A) et (B) pour X sont equivalentes: A) 1) il existe des vecteurs a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ∈C g , a 1 ¬=0, et une forme quadratique Q(t)=∑ i/j=1 3 Q ij t i t j ,Q ij ∈C, tel que pour ζ∈C g τ(t)=τ(t,ξ)=exp(Q(t))θ(t 1 a 1 +t 2 a 2 +t 3 a 3 +ξ) donne une solution a l'equation de Kadomtsev-Petviashvili sous la forme d'Hirota: (D 1 4 +3D 2 2 -4D 1 D 3 )τ•τ=0; 2) le diviseur Θ de X est irreductible. B) X est isomorphe a la variete jacobienne d'une courbe lisse complete de genre g sur C
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CFTR Gating and Conductance

The crystal structure of CFTR, the chloride ion channel defective in cystic fibrosis, has not yet been solved. Here we present two new homology models of human CFTR based on template structures from related ABC transporters. The first is based on the bacterial transporter Sav1866 and is representative of the open channel state of CFTR. Unlike previous Sav1866-based homology models of CFTR, our model incorporates several key structural features expected from experiment, including the proper positioning of pore-lining residues and important salt bridges. The second is based on the crystal structure of murine P-glycoprotein and models the closed state of CFTR. We performed targeted molecular dynamics simulations using these two models as end states, in order to gain insight into the conformational changes that CFTR undergoes during its gating cycle. Our simulations reveal that CFTR gating involves a conformational wave that is initiated at the nucleotide-binding domains, and propagates through interactions in the intracellular loops to the membrane-spanning domains. Analysis of our simulations also led to a better understanding of the relative motions of the twelve transmembrane helices in CFTR, and how they alter pore structure during gating. Our MD simulations allowed identification of key inter-residue interactions that stabilize the end states as well as transient interactions that may exist in the intermediate stages in gating. Charting the progression of these interactions provides a timeline of events likely to occur during gating, and may prove invaluable in furthering our understanding of structure-function relationships in CFTR. Finally, we report on preliminary simulations of chloride ion conduction in the open CFTR channel, which reveal key interactions of pore-lining residues with passing ions, as well as identifying the putative narrow region in the pore that may form a selectivity filter in this channel. (NIH-2R56DK056481-07)
Using Distance Education Technology to Train Teachers: A Case Study

Faculty from three universities cooperatively prepared and delivered a special education course for general educators. Interactive television was used for the presentation of instructional modules to four of the six remote sites. The remaining two sites viewed videotapes of the presentations one week following delivery. All other course activities, assignments, and evaluation requirements were identical at all six sites. Course evaluation data suggest that participants not only preferred interactive presentations, but also judged content and teaching as less effective when it was not interactive, Recommendations for increasing student involvement are offered.
Antigraft responses to the H-28c antigen by B6 and B6D2F1 mice.

The survival of minor H antigen-bearing skin grafts from donors congenic with C57BL/6 (B6) was compared in B6, B6D2, and AB6 hybrid recipients. In a case singled out for further study, B6 mice were found to reject HW 110 skin (H-28c antigen) rapidly, whereas B6D2 mice rejected HW110 skin much more slowly and variably. Both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked and non-MHC genes appeared to affect the survival of HW110 strain skin grafts on B6 and B6D2 recipients. Results of several experiments appear to rule out the sharing of H-28° epitopes between donors and recipients as an explanation for the relatively poor response of B6D2 mice to HW 110 skin grafts. Experiments involving bone marrow chimeras produced by the reciprocal exchange of bone marrow between irradiated B6 and B6D2 mice suggest that bone marrow-derived donor cells and non-bone-marrow-derived host cells each contribute to the immune response phenotype with respect to the H-28° antigen. An attempt was made to determine whether B6D2 mice that failed to reject HW110 strain skin grafts possessed suppressor cells specific for the H-28c antigen. Spleen cells from poorly responsive B6D2 mice failed to suppress the rejection of HW 110 skin grafts when assayed in immunodeficient mice that were provided with cells from immune 136132 donors that were highly responsive to HW110 skin grafts.
Morbidity on Kauai before and after Hurricane Iniki

Abstract Background. . On September 11, 1992, Hurricane Iniki, a Class III/IV storm, passed directly over Kauai. This study is the first attempt to measure increases in injuries and other health outcomes among an entire population in the impact zone of a hurricane. Methods. Medical chart data were abstracted from all facilities providing primary and emergency care on Kauai. Incidence of injury, cardiovascular disease, and asthma for the 2-week period following Hurricane Iniki were compared to those for the 2-week period preceding Iniki. Results. A total of 1,584 injuries were treated in the post-Iniki period compared with 231 injuries treated in the pre-Iniki period (relative risk = 6.86, 95% confidence interval 5.98–7.87). Open wounds constituted over half of these injuries. Physician visits for asthma and cardiovascular disease were also significantly increased in the post-Iniki period (relative risks, respectively: 2.81, 95% confidence interval 1.93–4.09; 2.73, 95% confidence interval 1.51–4.94). Conclusions. Significant increases in the incidence of injuries, asthma, and cardiovascular disease occurred following Hurricane Iniki. Although no changes occurred in the proportion of patients needing hospitalization, additional injuries and illnesses after a natural disaster can burden existing medical facilities in a rural community with limited resources. Disaster preparedness plans need to include methods to increase services and supplies at existing medical facilities.
Isolation and partial characterization of the major amide-linked conjugate of indole-3-acetic acid from Phaseolus vulgaris L.

A major indole-3-acetic acid conjugate from Phaseolus vulgaris seed has been isolated and partially characterized. It is a 3 kilodalton peptide with apparently 2 indole-3-acetyl moieties in amide linkage per peptide. The indole-3-acetic acid component was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the peptide characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by amino acid analysis using dabsyl derivatives and by its Fourier transform-infrared spectrum. This is the first higher molecular weight amide-linked indole-3-acetic acid conjugate to be characterized from higher plants.
On-The-Fly Procedure Development for Flight Re-Planning Following System Failures

Faced with a failure aboard a modern aircraft, pilots must generate a flight-plan to effectively and safely control the plane to touchdown. However, forming this flight-plan involves predicting the complex interaction of the hybrid discrete-continuous behaviors of the pilot-aircraft system. This prediction must be accurate; otherwise the aircraft may lack the ability to correct for any deviations, placing it in a hazardous flight regime. It is hypothesized that an in-flight replanning tool may aid the pilot in forming and verifying flight-plans. Following the conceptual development of the needs of such a display, a prototype was constructed to test the concept. Issues ,with fasttime simulation, pilot-aircraft modeling, and pilot interfaces were explored in this development.
Topological defects in spherical nematics.

We study the organization of topological defects in a system of nematogens confined to the two-dimensional sphere (S 2 ). We first perform Monte Carlo simulations of a fluid system of hard rods (spherocylinders) living in the tangent plane of S 2 . The sphere is adiabatically compressed until we reach a jammed nematic state with maximum packing density. The nematic state exhibits four +1/2 disclinations arrayed on a great circle. This arises from the high elastic anisotropy of the system in which splay (K 1 ) is far softer than bending (K 3 ). We also introduce and study a lattice nematic model on S 2 with tunable elastic constants and map out the preferred defect locations as a function of elastic anisotropy. We find a one-parameter family of degenerate ground states in the extreme splay-dominated limit K 3 /K 1 → ∞. Thus the global defect geometry is controllable by tuning the relative splay to bend modulus.
A note on the solution for two asymmetric boundary value problems

Abstract The solution is given for two mixed-mixed boundary value problems in classical elasticity theory. The first is a rigid disk, imbedded in an infinite space and given a constant displacement parallel to its plane. The second is a problem exterior to the first : two half-spaces are joined to an infinitesimally thin, rigid sheet containing a circular hole, the half-spaces being joined through the hole. The sheet is caused to move.
Information distribution in distributed microprocessor based flight control systems

This paper presents an optimal control theory that accounts for variable time intervals in the information distribution to control effectors in a distributed microprocessor based flight control system. The theory is developed using a linear process model for the aircraft dynamics and the information distribution process is modeled as a variable time increment process where, at the time that information supplied to the control effectors, the control effectors know the time of the next, information update only in a stochastic sense. An optimal control problem is formulated and solved that provides the control law that minimizes the expected value of a quadratic cost function. An example is presented where the theory is applied to the control of the longitudinal motions of the F8-DFBW aircraft. Theoretical and simulation results indicate that, for the example problem, the optimal cost obtained using a variable time increment Markov information update process where the control effectors know only the past information update intervals and the Markov transition mechanism is almost identical to that obtained using known uniform information update interval.
Complementing Thymidylate Synthase

The structure of thymidylate synthase complementing protein with substrates dUMP and FAD, presented in this issue of Structure, sheds light on a fascinating new catalytic mechanism, suggests a strategy for the design of new antimicrobial compounds, and highlights the promise of proteomics in medicine.
Charge motions and dynamics of relaxation

Abstract This review of dielectric aspects of relaxation processes begins with a survey of current experimental capabilities. These now extend from 10−4 Hz to 1010 Hz with comparative ease and good resolution by broad band methods. The increasing difficulties of measurements from much above 1010 Hz to 1012 Hz or more are considered together with the prospects for improvement. The need for and value of information in this ‘shadow zone’ is illustrated by several examples. Some limitations of dielectric probes of relaxation in general and of charge displacement in particular in relation to other approaches are indicated before turning to discussion of several classes of complex systems. Viscous liquids and their approach to their glass transitions are discussed, with particular attention to choice of representative examples and the need for studies of liquids composed of simpler molecules in order better to distinguish universality and individuality. Various possible origins of ‘excess absorption’ at higher frequencies other than stretched exponential or skewed arc behavior are also considered in this context. Two classes of molecular crystals that exhibit orientational relaxation effects, hydrogen halides and chlorinated methyl benzenes, receive attention because they both show changes from asymmetric to broad symmetric characteristic relaxation spectra associated with the state of order which may have more general implications. Problems with representation and interpretation of data for charge transport in ionic conducting glasses are indicated, with an indication of considerations to be kept in mind in resolving problems for conducting dielectrics generally, as are other generalities about dielectric and charge transport problems.
Timing of heparin and thrombus formation in donor lungs after cardiac death.

Background Heparin is routinely administered to brain-dead donors before cardiac arrest, although it is not universally allowed for donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors due to concerns that death may be hastened. The lack of heparin may lead to thrombosis and compromised graft function. We evaluated the impact of timing of heparin administration and thrombi formation in a DCD pig model. Methods Eight domestic adult pigs were administered systemic heparin (30,000 IU): four prior to cardiac arrest through intravenous injection (prearrest heparin) and four after cardiac arrest via injection into the right atrium followed by open cardiac massage (postarrest heparin). Pigs were euthanized with potassium chloride and a minimum of 5 minutes of cardiac silence allowed before organ procurement. Lungs were flushed with antegrade and retrograde Perfadex, and pulmonary preservation solution effluent was evaluated for gross thrombi. Organs were fixed in formalin, sagittally sectioned, and evaluated by a pulmonary pathologist blinded to treatment. Results Antegrade and retrograde flushes demonstrated no significant thrombi. Gross pathologic evaluation revealed no occlusive central thrombi. Scant peripheral thrombi were detected in both treatment groups. No microscopic thrombi were noted in either treatment group. Conclusions Delayed heparin administration after cardiac death does not affect thrombus formation in an animal model of lung procurement after cardiac death. Concern about clinically significant thrombosis occurring when heparin is not given before cardiac arrest appears unfounded. These findings suggest that DCD lungs can be used regardless of antemortem heparin administration.
Role of free radical chemistry on oxidative stability of coal pyrolysis liquids

Abstract A better understanding of the weathering mechanisms of pyrolysis liquids may lead to improved methods of storage of these liquids. The results of a 22-week study of pyrolysis liquid properties during storage at various conditions confirm that free radicals are important in the chemical reactions that cause property changes. Past research suggested that oxidation of liquid fuels involves free radical mechanisms (e.g., via peroxide formation), but there was relatively little data on mild pyrolysis liquids in the literature. The results indicate a significant increase in free radical concentrations for samples of pyrolysis liquids stored in air (in dark or under sunlight). The sample stored in air under sunlight appears to be highly viscous. The changes in the free radical concentration during storage in air verify that the oxidation reaction involves a free radical mechanism. This study also demonstrates that additives such as cyclohexanol can inhibit oxidative weathering by stabilizing free radicals, possibly by hydrogen bonding between the additive and the fuel constituents.
Quantitative semi-automated enzymatic assay for tissue glycogen.

Abstract 1. 1. A simple, rapid, specific and reproducible assay for tissue glycogen is described. 2. 2. The method involves the incubation of a denatured tissue homogenate with amyloglucosidase resulting in the complete hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose. The glucose content of the homogenate supernatant is then determined with the aid of a glucose analyzer. 3. 3. The method has been used to measure the glycogen content of a variety of discrete and complex animal tissues and is particularly convenient for microdeterminations.
Elimination of stuttering and maintenance of fluency by means of airflow tension reduction and discriminative stimulus control procedures

Abstract An intensive stuttering treatment program is described. Twenty-four adult stutterers were treated using graded airflow, tension/relaxation, and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback procedures to produce fluent speech. A discriminative stimulus control procedure was used to facilitate the transfer and maintenance of fluency following treatment. All 24 subjects met the criterion of
Personality and exercise as buffers in the stress-illness relationship

This study examined exercise and personality-based hardiness as independent buffers of the stressful event-illness relationship. Self-report measures of exercise, hardiness, stressful events and illness were obtained from 137 male business executives. Hardiness and exercise each interact with stressful events in decreasing illness. Further, subjects high in both hardiness and exercise remain more healthy than those high in one or the other only. These additive effects are consistent with the view that hardiness buffers by transforming the events themselves so as to decrease their stressfulness, whereas exercise buffers by decreasing the organismic strain resulting from experiencing stressful events.
Permeability of iridial blood vessels

Abstract The permeability properties of rat iridial vessels were examined using fluorescein angiography combined with light and electron microscopic marker studies. Results show that while control iridial vessels of some young rats are permeable to fluorescein, a marked permeability to this dye is commonly seen in older animals. Following paracentesis there is a marked increase in permeability of the radially arranged iridial vessels of older animals to fluorescein while angiograms on the younger animals were inconclusive. When carbon is injected intravenously following completion of the angiography study, both light and electron microscopic observations show that iridial vessels of control eyes are impermeable to carbon. However, following paracentesis an inflammatory reaction occurs. Carbon is seen leaving the lumen of iridial vessels in enlarged spaces between adjacent endothelial cells. This inflammatory reaction is age-related; the increase in permeability to carbon is greatest in older animals. There is little or no carbon labeling in the choroid or ciliary body of these experimental eyes. Thus, in the rat, paracentesis causes a breakdown in the blood-aqueous barrier by specifically inducing an inflammatory reaction in iridial blood vessels. This inflammatory reaction is age-related.
Abrasiveness variation in a thin boron carbide coating

Boron carbide (B4C) is well known for its high hardness and wear resistance. It has been found to polish its mating surface, thereby providing fatigue resistance to the coated part. Employing such run-in coatings demands a thorough understanding of the abrasiveness changes that the coatings undergo during the polishing process. Both the coating asperity height and angle of attack were investigated as a function of sliding distance and were correlated with changes in the coating abrasiveness. Furthermore, a semi-empirical equation relating the coating abrasiveness, the asperity height and the asperity angle of attack was presented.
Neutrinos vis-a-vis the six-dimensional standard model

We examine the origin of neutrino masses and oscillations in the context of the six-dimensional standard model. The space-time symmetries of this model explain proton stability and forbid Majorana neutrino masses. The consistency of the six-dimensional theory requires three right-handed neutrinos, and therefore Dirac neutrino masses are allowed. We employ the idea that the smallness of these masses is due to the propagation of the right-handed neutrinos in a seventh, warped dimension. We argue that this class of theories is free of gravitational anomalies. Although an exponential hierarchy arises between the neutrino masses and the electroweak scale, we find that the mass hierarchy among the three neutrino masses is limited by higher-dimension operators. All current neutrino oscillation data, except for the LSND result, are naturally accommodated by our model. In the case of the solar neutrinos, the model leads to the large mixing angle, MSW solution. The mechanism employed, involving three right-handed neutrinos coupled to a scalar in an extra dimension, may explain the features of the neutrino spectrum in a more general class of theories that forbid Majorana masses.
Iridescent KClO 3 Crystals and Infrared Reflection Filters

Measurements of the sharp reflection peaks of two iridescent potassium chlorate crystals are presented, together with theoretical calculations based on Lord Rayleigh’s model that the reflection is due to a stratified “grating-in-depth,” formed by evenly spaced layers of low reflectance. The possibility of such structures for filters useful in the far infrared is pointed out.
Functionalized Analogues of an Unnatural Amino Acid that Mimics a Tripeptide β-Strand

This paper introduces polar and hydrophobic variants of the unnatural amino acid Hao, which mimics the hydrogen-bonding functionality of one edge of a β-strand. In these variants, the methyl side chain of Hao is replaced with acidic, basic, and hydrophobic groups. These modifications can impart improved solubility and additional side-chain interactions to peptides containing Hao.
Intensity of the Infrared Radiation from Interstellar Grains in the Solar Neighborhood

The expected intensity distribution of the infrared radiation in the solar neighborhood from the grain models of dirty ice, graphite and graphite core-dirty ice mantle has been calculated. It is found that the expected intensity from grain models at 100 μ agrees reasonably well with the observations of Hoffmann and Frederick.
Secondary School Reform: What Does the Public Say?.

Principals know what the studies have recommended to improve secondary schools, but do they know with any accuracy what their publics are saying about the recommendations? This article will help principals to know more exactly what their publics are thinking about the reform movement and at what level they are willing to support the recommendations.
Development of a high frequency (35-MHz) linear ultrasonic array

ABSTRACT Methods for fabricating and modeling of a high frequency linear ultrasonic array are presented. This array was designed primarily for human eye imaging, and features elements mechanically diced out of a fine grain high density PZT-5H ceramic. Array elements were spaced with a 50 micron pitch, interconnected via a flexible circuit and matched to the 50 Ohm system electronics via a 85 Ohm transmission line coaxial cable. The current array design was based upon tradeoffs between the time domain response bandwidth and sensitivity, as well as, the level of array encapsulation and suppression acoustic crosstalk. A prototype four element array was constructed with promising results. An average center frequency of 34 MHz with a -6 dB bandwidth of at least 45% per element was achieved with a 20 dB pulse length of 105 ns. The array performance was compared to a time domain finite element analysis program and excellent agreement between theory and experiment was achieved. Keywords: High frequency ultrasound, linear array, fine grain piezoelectric ceramic, finite element analysis
Intra-Vehicle Ultra-Wideband Communication Testbed

Modern vehicles are increasingly equipped with more sensors which are connected to control units through cables for transmitting crucial real-time sensing data. To reduce the complexity and cost brought to the automotive design and production by the sensor wiring harness, replacing cables with wireless links has been proposed in [1]. With its fine capability of solving multi-path fading and interference resilience, as well as its freely available spectrum, the ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is considered as a highly promising candidate for such intra-vehicle wireless network. For the purpose of evaluating UWB based sensor network, compared with wired system, from the aspects of performance and reliability in transmitting automotive sensing data, an UWB communication testbed is needed. In this paper we present our first attempt in building an intra-vehicle UWB wireless sensor network to transmit automotive speed data from four wheel speed sensors to the electronic control unit (ECU)1. Assembly of the testbed consists of ABS motor control simulating system, wheel speed sensors, UWB transmitting nodes and the UWB network coordinator interfacing with ECU. The paper also includes the description of the main testbed software modules and the report of initial measurement result. Future measurement plan and further work needed to improve the testbed are discussed in the conclusion section.
Negatively charged phospholipid requirement of the oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial ATPase

Abstract The highly-purified, oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase has been reconstituted with phosphatidylserine. Treatment of the phosphatidylserine-reconstituted ATPase with phosphatidylserine decarboxylase produced a 3-fold decrease in the specific activity of the resulting phosphatidylethanolamine-enriched ATPase complex. Subsequent control experiments indicated that the resulting phosphatidylethanolamine was responsible for the lowered ATPase specific activity. These observations indicate that acidic phospholips do more than facilitate an interaction between the highly-purified, lipid-depleted ATPase and phospholipid. The negatively charged phospholipid appears to be essential for maintaining high levels of oligomycin-sensitive activity even after the initial interaction between phospholipid and the ATPase complex has occurred.
Ridge regression from principal component point of view

Ridge regression is often discussed as an estimation procedure for producing estimators which are biased but with a smaller mean squared error than the usual least square estimators. In this paper we show that this procedure can also be used to reflect the nature of dependency among a set of highly collinear regressor variables. In particular, we prove that, when data are severely multicollinear, the ridge estimators can be made very close to the principal component estimators. Examples are given to illustrate the point.
Exact and inexact methods for solving the problem of view selection for aggregate queries

We study the following warehouse view-selection problem: Given a data-warehouse schema, a set of parameterised aggregate queries and their frequency distribution, and a storage-limit constraint, find a set of aggregate views that, when materialised in the warehouse, would minimise the evaluation costs of the frequent queries, subject to a storage-limit constraint. Optimising the layout of stored data using view selection has a direct impact on the performance of data warehouses. We introduce an integer-programming model to obtain optimal solutions for the warehouse view-selection problem, and propose a heuristic to obtain competitive inexact solutions where our exact method is not applicable.
Tinnitus originating from an abnormal jugular bulb: Treatment by jugular vein ligation

Tinnitus and hearing loss can occur in patients with a high-riding abnormal jugular bulb. Jugular vein ligation in selected patients can cure tinnitus and reverse hearing loss. A 39-year-old woman reported a 4-year history of right-sided tinnitus of increasing intensity associated with a mild hearing loss. Extensive evaluation revealed only an enlarged right jugular bulb with dehiscence of the normal petrous bony septum between the bulb and the middle ear. The patient underwent ligation of the right internal jugular vein and noted immediate cessation of tinnitus and the return of normal hearing. Review of the literature suggests that jugular vein ligation is appropriate in selected cases of venous tinnitus.
Optical Studies of Injected Carriers. II. Recombination Radiation in Germanium

The radiation produced by the direct recombination of electrons and holes in germanium is studied. The observed spectral distribution is in fair agreement with theory. For injection into high resistivity, as well as into doped material, the radiation is observed to be a linear function of injection current. Possible explanations for this are discussed. Magnetic concentration of carriers produced changes in the radiation intensity. Polarization of the radiation at oblique angles of emergence is observed.
Ionicity effects on defects in chalcogenide alloys

Abstract The ionicity of compound chalcogenide and oxide glasses can modify the defect properties. Charged, valence alternation defects remain, but may not have a negative correlation energy because interconversion of positive and negative defects is inhibited. This property substantially changes the electronic behavior. The experimental evidence indicates that defects of this type occur in GeSe2 and SiO2 glasses, but not in As2Se3.
A case of reversible restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep-related eating disorder relapse triggered by acute right leg herpes zoster infection: Literature review of spinal cord and peripheral nervous system contributions to RLS

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is thought to be due to abnormalities of iron metabolism in the central nervous system; however, occasional cases are associated with lesions of the spinal cord, spinal rootlets, and peripheral nervous system. This is a case report of RLS exacerbated by shingles with a review of the literature of extra-cerebral lesions or disorders causing or contributing to RLS.
Noninvasive carbon dioxide monitoring during One-Lung ventilation: End-Tidal versus transcutaneous techniques

Abstract Objective: To compare transcutaneous CO2 (TCCO2) and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) monitoring during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Design: Prospective study. Setting: Operating room of a University Hospital. Participants: Fifteen patients undergoing thoracic surgical procedures in whom one-lung ventilation was deemed necessary. Intervention: TC and ETCO2 monitors were used simultaneously in the patients and compared with arterial blood gases (ABGs) during 2-lung ventilation and OLV. Measurements and Main Results: During 2-lung ventilation (TLV), the ET to PaCO2 difference was 3.9 ± 1.6 mmHg, whereas the TC to PaCO2 difference was 2.5 ± 0.8 mmHg (p = 0.0049). During OLV, the ET to PaCO2 difference increased to 5.8 ± 2.3 mmHg, whereas the TC to PaCO2 difference was 2.7 ± 1.4 mmHg (p = 0.0049 for ET to PaCO2 difference during OLV v TLV and p = 0.0004 for ET to PaCO2 gradient v TC to PaCO2 gradient during OLV). During TLV, the difference between the ET and PaCO2 was ≤5 mmHg in 13 of 15 patients, whereas the difference between the TC and PaCO2 was ≤5 mmHg in 15 of 15 patients (p = not significant). During OLV, the difference between the ET and the PaCO2 was ≤5 mmHg in 6 of 15 patients, whereas the difference between the TC and PaCO2 was ≤5 mmHg in 14 of 15 patients (p = 0.0052, odds ratio 21.0 for ET v TC techniques and p = 0.02, odds ratio 9.75 for ET to PaCO2 during TLV v OLV). Conclusions: During OLV, TCCO2 monitoring provides a more accurate estimate of PaCO2 than ET techniques.
Pathogenesis associated with a restrictive cardiomyopathy mutant in cardiac troponin T is due to reduced protein stability and greatly increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.

Background Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in troponin can blunt effects of protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), decreasing myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity; however this effect has never been tested for restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) mutants. This study explores whether an RCM cardiac troponin T mutant (cTnT-ΔE96) interferes with convergent PKA regulation and if TnT instability contributes to greatly enhanced Ca2+-sensitivity in skinned fibers.
Nkrumah and the Crowd: Mass Politics in Emergent Ghana

This article analyzes Kwame Nkrumah’s Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah, which was published to coincide with Ghana’s independence on March 6, 1957. Whereas the political and social imagination of the Anglo-American world during the postwar years was riddled with anxieties concerning the masses, the crowd scenes of Nkrumah’s Ghana elaborate the characteristics of a political community centered on mass society. The article concludes by noting the possibility of a mass civic art culled from the rhetorical tradition of Ghana.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Endosymbiont “Candidatus Ruthia magnifica” UCD-CM (Phylum Proteobacteria)

Here, we present the draft genome of the endosymbiont "Candidatus Ruthia magnifica" UCD-CM, a member of the phylum Proteobacteria, found from the gills of a deep-sea giant clam, Calyptogena magnifica. The assembly consists of 1,160,249 bp contained in 18 contigs.
The structure of the C-terminal domain of the largest editosome interaction protein and its role in promoting RNA binding by RNA-editing ligase L2

Trypanosomatids, such as the sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei, contain a ∼ 20S RNA-editing complex, also called the editosome, which is required for U-insertion/deletion editing of mitochondrial mRNAs. The editosome contains a core of 12 proteins including the large interaction protein A1, the small interaction protein A6, and the editing RNA ligase L2. Using biochemical and structural data, we identified distinct domains of T. brucei A1 which specifically recognize A6 and L2. We provide evidence that an N-terminal domain of A1 interacts with the C-terminal domain of L2. The C-terminal domain of A1 appears to be required for the interaction with A6 and also plays a key role in RNA binding by the RNA-editing ligase L2 in trans. Three crystal structures of the C-terminal domain of A1 have been elucidated, each in complex with a nanobody as a crystallization chaperone. These structures permitted the identification of putative dsRNA recognition sites. Mutational analysis of conserved residues of the C-terminal domain identified Arg703, Arg731 and Arg734 as key requirements for RNA binding. The data show that the editing RNA ligase activity is modulated by a novel mechanism, i.e. by the trans-acting RNA binding C-terminal domain of A1.
Privacy-enhanced linking

While computer scientists are uniquely situated to incorporate privacy protections in the link analysis algorithms they construct, most computer scientists are unaware of this opportunity and of ways to think about achieving needed protections. The work presented in this writing introduces a new way for computer scientists to think about providing privacy protection within link analysis and introduces the notion of "privacy-enhanced linking" as algorithms that perform link analysis with guarantees of privacy protection modeled after the Fair Information Practices. In this approach, privacy protection is realized by assessing the validity and interpretation of link analysis results such that inappropriate harm to individuals is provably minimized.
Accelerometer-based human abnormal movement detection in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks have become increasingly common in everyday applications due to decreasing technology costs and improved product performance. An ideal application for wireless sensor networks is a biomedical patient monitoring tool. Wireless patient monitoring systems improve quality of life for the subject by granting them more freedom to continue their daily routine, which would not be feasible if wired monitoring equipment were used. This paper explores an application of wireless biomedical sensor networks, which attempts to monitor patients for a specific condition in a completely non-invasive, non-intrusive manner. This non-invasive technique uses an accelerometer to determine if a person's arm movement is similar to that of a person suffering from a seizure. The effectiveness of the presented algorithm has been verified on test subjects and showed rare occurrences of false positives.
A hybrid framework for optimizing beam angles in radiation therapy planning

The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to examine strengths and weaknesses of recently developed optimization methods for selecting radiation treatment beam angles and (2) to propose a simple and easy-to-use hybrid framework that overcomes some of the weaknesses observed with these methods. Six optimization methods—branch and bound (BB), simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), nested partitions (NP), branch and prune (BP), and local neighborhood search (LNS)—were evaluated. Our preliminary test results revealed that (1) one of the major drawbacks of the reported algorithms was the limited ability to find a good solution within a reasonable amount of time in a clinical setting, (2) all heuristic methods require selecting appropriate parameter values, which is a difficult chore, and (3) the LNS algorithm has the ability to identify good solutions only if provided with a good starting point. On the basis of these findings, we propose a unified beam angle selection framework that, through two sequential phases, consistently finds clinically relevant locally optimal solutions. Considering that different users may use different optimization approaches among those mentioned above, the first phase aims to quickly find a good feasible solution using SA, GA, NP, or BP. This solution is then used as a starting point for LNS to find a locally optimal solution. Experimental results using this unified method on five clinical cases show that it not only produces consistently good-quality treatment solutions but also alleviates the effort of selecting an initial set of appropriate parameter values that is required by all of the existing optimization methods.
Transparency and Bidding Competition in International Wheat Trade

One of the trade policy issues identified by U.S. interests, including grower groups, traders and policy makers, is price transparency. This has been a point of contention between the United States and Canada as well as other exporting countries with state trading enterprises (STEs). The transparency problem generally refers to the inability to observe terms of trade (including price, quality, credit, etc.)offered by STEs, and the potential strategic advantage this provides in bidding competition. A game theory model of import tendering is developed in this paper to examine the effects of information asymmetry among rivals. Several stylized examples are used to illustrate aspects of competition and to analyze effects on bidding strategies. Results indicate that: • Less uncertainty among rivals reduces equilibrium bids and prices. • Tenders with less transparency have the effect of increasing prices to buyers and payoffs to sellers. • Increases in the number of rivals have the effect of reducing bids and mitigating the informational advantages of STEs. In all cases, less transparent sellers have an advantage in bidding relative to more transparent sellers. That advantage in our stylized case is in the area of $1–2/t. However, the advantage is reduced when there are many transparent rivals and in the case where transparent players act as agents for an STE. Un des problemes associes a la politique commerciale que mentionnent les interets americains, notamment les groupes de producteurs, les neociants et les auteurs de politiques, concerne la transparence des prix. Cette question oppose les Etats-Unis au Canada et A d'autres pays exportateurs dotes de societes commerciales d'Etat (SCE). Le probleme a geeralement trait a l'incapacite de connaitre les conditions (prix, qualitye, credits, etc.) qu'offrent les SCE et a l'avantage strateque que cela represente lors de la presentation de soumissions. Les auteurs ont elabore un modele theorique du jeu pour les appels d'offres a l'egard des importations en vue d'approfondir les consequences d'une asymetrie de l'information entre rivaux. Ils ont recouru a plusieurs exemples stylises afin d'illustrer divers aspects de la concurrence et d'analyser leur incidence sur les strategies de soumission. Les resultats revelent: • qu'une moins grande incertitude entre rivaux diminue le nombre de soumissions et les prix au point d'equilibre; • que les appels d'offres moins transparents accroissent le prix pour les acheteurs, donc les revenus des vendeurs et • qu'une hausse du nombre de rivaux reduit le nombre de soumissions et affaiblit les avantages des SCE au niveau de l'information. Les vendeurs qui usent moins de transparence disposent toujours d'un avantage sur les autres au depot des soumissions. Avec le cas stylise, cet avantage est de l'ordre de 1 a 2$/mt. Neanmoins, il s'attenue avec le nombre de rivaux usant de transparence et lorsque des participants transparents servent d'intermediaire aux SCE.
Developing Undergraduate Small Business Programs in Agricultural Economics Departments: Lessons from the Northeast Region

cline during the 1980s of Connecticut farms and dairy and harvested crop production. These declines were somewhat offset in some areas by increases in agricultural activity in greenhouse, nursery, turf, and other speciality and nontraditional agricultural activities. For example, from 1982 to 1987 the value of nursery and greenhouse crops in Connecticut increased by 91% (Census of Agriculture). However, these are production areas where agricultural economics departments have traditionally had little expertise. Similar trends in other parts of the region combined to leave many agricultural economics departments struggling to redefine their role in the face of declining employment opportunities for students on farms and in the regional agribusiness sector. The experience of Connecticut and other Northeastern states in the 1980s has relevance
Association of CLU and PICALM variants with Alzheimer's disease.

Two recent large genome-wide association studies have reported significant associations in the CLU (APOJ), CR1, and PICALM genes with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to replicate these findings, we examined 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) most significantly implicated by these studies in a large case-control sample comprising 2707 individuals. Principle components analysis revealed no population substructure in our sample. While no association was observed with CR1 SNPs (p = 0.30–0.457), a trend of association was seen with the PICALM (p = 0.071–0.086) and CLU (p = 0.148–0.258) SNPs. A meta-analysis of 3 studies revealed significant associations with all 3 genes. Our data from an independent and large case-control sample suggest that these gene regions should be followed up by comprehensive resequencing to find functional variants.
Cannabinoids attenuate cancer pain and proliferation in a mouse model

We investigated the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on (1) oral cancer cell viability in vitro and (2) oral cancer pain and tumor growth in a mouse cancer model. We utilized immunohistochemistry and Western blot to show that human oral cancer cells express CBr1 and CBr2. When treated with WIN55,212-2 (non-selective), ACEA (CBr1-selective) or AM1241 (CBr2-selective) agonists in vitro, oral cancer cell proliferation was significantly attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, systemic administration (0.013M) of WIN55,212-2, ACEA, or AM1241 significantly attenuated cancer-induced mechanical allodynia. Tumor growth was also significantly attenuated with systemic AM1241 administration. Our findings suggest a direct role for cannabinoid mechanisms in oral cancer pain and proliferation. The systemic administration of cannabinoid receptor agonists may have important therapeutic implications wherein cannabinoid receptor agonists may reduce morbidity and mortality of oral cancer.
The Introduction of Path Analysis to the Social Sciences, and Some Emergent Themes: An Annotated Bibliography

(2003). The Introduction of Path Analysis to the Social Sciences, and Some Emergent Themes: An Annotated Bibliography. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-34.
Effect Algebras and Tensor Products of S-Sets

An S-set is an algebraic structure that generalizes an effect algebra. Unlike effect algebras, the tensor product of two S-sets always exists and this tensor product can be concretely represented. Morphisms are used to study relationships between S-sets and effect algebras. The S-set tensor product is employed to obtain information about effect algebra tensor products.
Hypernatremia in a non insulin dependent (type 2) diabetic patient with central diabetes insipidus

We describe a patient with central diabetes insipidus who presented with hyperosmolar, non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. The role in this case of reduced thirst sensation with decreased water intake and abnormal AVP production illustrates the importance of these protective mechanisms in normal physiology regarding maintenance of normal plasma osmolality. Despite the complex pathophysiology in this patient, fluid resuscitation aimed at normalisation of the water deficit resulted in full recovery.