cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Optimal Pricing a Myth From Business Calculus? Is Business Calculus an Oxymoron?

Professor Dudley's question is answered in the present essay. 1. MATHEMATICAL SOClEl'lES SHOW COUNTEEPLES TO ONI PRICING. Firstly, publishers may eschew mathematics in setting rates because they may be following their mathematics professors' counterexamples. Indeed, none of the dues statements for 1995 from the American Mathematical Society (AMS), Mathematical Association of America (MAA), and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) offers any discount to members of less than sixty years of age for payments covering more than one year of subscrip- tion. Moreover, while these societies send advanced notices requesting early renewal, none offers any discount for early payments either, which corroborates a paraphrase of Professor Dudley's findings: Three magazines in the sample (Bulletin of the AMS, American Mathemati- cal Monthly, and SlAM Review) give no discount at all, completely disregard- ing their readers' ability to make calculations of present values. (Italics substituted.) Moving from present to future values, observe that the MAA's dues increased from $122 to $128 (for all three MAA journals) from the dues notice sent in 1993 to the notice sent in 1994, a relative increase of about 4.92%, which exceeds twice the annual rate of inflation for that period, about 2.3% (2), thus causing a real price increase (Fisher's effect (19)) of about (0.049 - 0.023)/1.023 2.59%, which campus representatives must now sell to their librarian. Furthermore, the discontinuous rate schedules of the AMS and MAA give members financial incentives to understate their annual professional income by imposing large surcharges for small increases in income: the AMS dues jump from $87 to $116 as income jumps from $45,000 to $45,000.01, corresponding to a marginal income-tax rate of (116 - 87)/0.01 = 290,000%, while the MAA dues jump from $128 to $159 as income jumps from $50,000 to $50,00Q.01, correspond- ing to a marginal income-tax rate of (159 - 128)/0.01 = 310,000%.
Abstract 821: Discovery of catechol moiety-containing natural compounds as direct ERK2 inhibitors by in vitro kinase assay and co-crystallography

Catechol (pyrocathechol, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene) is a chemical that is used by industry in the manufacture of certain products. Many natural compounds contain catechol as a functional group found in various fruits and vegetables such as apple, apricot, grape, bananas, soybean, peanut, pear, plum, mango, avocado, and mushroom. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), a protein kinase that belongs to MAPK family, modulates many important functions such as cell growth, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation in cancer. The expression levels of ERK2 mRNA and protein are reportedly very high in many human cancers, including leukemia, colon, breast, lung and skin cancer. Previously, we reported that norathyriol and caffeic acid, which possess the catechol moiety, and catechol itself directly bind and inhibit ERK2 kinase activity. Those findings led us to test catechol moiety-containing natural compounds, luteolin, quercetin, fisetin, 7,3’,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone, and cyanidin, against ERK2 kinase activity. We found that all of these compounds directly bind to ERK2 and inhibit its activity. We further confirmed the results by resolving a co-crystal structure of ERK2 bound with luteolin in the ATP binding site. To apply this finding to cancer, the effect of the compounds was tested on the K562 human myelogenous leukemia cell line where ERK2 is highly expressed and knock-down of the protein reduced anchorage-independent growth. Five newly-found ERK2 inhibitors (luteolin, quercetin, fisetin, 7,3’,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone and cyanidin) and three known ERK2 inhibitors (norathyriol, caffeic acid and catechol) decreased cell viability of K562 at 40 iM. When the eight compounds were used at the same dose in combination (5 iM each and 40 iM total), the mixture inhibited ERK2 and reduced cell viability of K562 cells. In summary, using in vitro kinase assays and co-crystallography, we identified new ERK2 inhibitors that contain the catechol functional group, and showed anti-cancer effects of the compounds by cell viability assay and soft agar assay. This work impacts the cancer prevention community by showing that many natural compounds can work together targeting ERK2, an important target in cancer. Citation Format: Seung Ho Shin, Margarita Malakhova, Igor Kurinov, Do Young Lim, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong. Discovery of catechol moiety-containing natural compounds as direct ERK2 inhibitors by in vitro kinase assay and co-crystallography. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 821.
Coal Seam Degasification

The chapter discusses various techniques for coal seam degasification. All coal seams are gassy but they differ in their degree of gassiness. Pre-mining and post-mining techniques for underground coal mines are discussed. With good planning, 50–80% of in-situ gas in coal can be removed before mining improving both safety and productivity. Similarly, 50–80% of gas from mined-out areas (gobs) can be removed to minimize ventilation air requirements. Gas transport in underground mines and economics of coal seam degasification are also discussed.
Destroying a Settled Past, Creating an Uncertain Future

What has happened to the extraordinary debates over the Soviet past that undermined the Soviet system? Have the radical narratives that predominated in the late Soviet period survived in post-Soviet space? Did liberal discourse provide a durable ideological foundation for the new states that emerged after the Soviet collapse in 1991? Although it is beyond the scope of this study to answer these questions at length, it is important to address them at least briefly. I begin by examining Russia’s post-Soviet transition in terms of how the Soviet past has been reconstructed, and then briefly compare the case of Russia to that of several other new states that were formed after 1991, particularly those states in which the democratic transition has clearly succeeded or decidedly failed.
Identifying Strategies to Cope with HIV-Related Stigma in a Group of Women Living with HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic: A Qualitative Study

Internalized HIV-related stigma negatively impacts the mental and physical health of women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA). Yet, some women can successfully confront stigma. The present work uses qualitative methods to investigate the successful stigma coping strategies displayed by 19 WLWHA who reported the least internalized stigma possible on the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale out of a larger pool of 233 WLWHA in San Felipe de Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic. Such strategies included, HIV disclosure control; preemptive disclosure of HIV-status; educating oneself/others about HIV; viewing HIV as a manageable condition; and looking to family, friends and partners for support. Our findings add to current knowledge about how WLWHA successfully manage internalized stigma, particularly in the context of the Dominican Republic. Clinicians should work closely with WLWHA to counsel them about the stigma coping strategies that best fit their life context.
Effect of biaxial strain on the phase transitions of Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2

We study the effect of applied strain as a physical control parameter for the phase transitions of Ca(Fe_{1-x}Co_{x})_{2}As_{2} using resistivity, magnetization, x-ray diffraction, and ^{57}Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. Biaxial strain, namely, compression of the basal plane of the tetragonal unit cell, is created through firm bonding of samples to a rigid substrate via differential thermal expansion. This strain is shown to induce a magnetostructural phase transition in originally paramagnetic samples, and superconductivity in previously nonsuperconducting ones. The magnetostructural transition is gradual as a consequence of using strain instead of pressure or stress as a tuning parameter.
Using Digital Participatory Research to Foster Glocal Competence: Constructing Multimedia Projects as a Form of Global and Civic Citizenship.

Digital Participatory Research (DPR) combines grass-roots participatory research and photojournalism, asks students to investigate assets and issues within their community, and facilitates civic participation by using problem-posing and praxis-orientated methods. Although there is a vast amount of research documenting the impact of DPR at the local level, there is limited research about the use of this methodology to facilitate global competence. This study presents the results from a multi-case study analysis of two groups simultaneously engaging in the DPR project; one in Miami, Florida and one in Kingston, Jamaica. This research study examines whether this methodology helps contribute to glocal citizenship. In this case the term glocal citizenship mergers civic and global competence and helps students understand how local and global influences interact in their everyday lives. Westheimer and Kahne’s (2004) three kinds of citizenship and Landorf and Doscher’s (2015) three global outcomes were applied to individual interview data, observational field notes, and transcripts of digital media. This study found that students’ projects often offered solutions at the personally-responsible and participatory level. When they addressed issues that would raise issues about systemic global issues, they did not include information that would challenge systems of power and oppression. Also, while students did not learn substantive content to promote global awareness, they did participate in global engagement opportunities and recognized aspects that they shared with their international peers.
ANGIOGRAPHIC DYE PRIOR TO COMBINED HEART-KIDNEY DONATION DOES NOT APPEAR TO HARM DONOR KIDNEY FUNCTION AFTER TRANSPLANT

Background: Patients(pts) with end-stage heart disease and renal disease may require combined heart-kidney transplant (HKTx). For donors ≥40 years, a coronary angiogram is often performed to exclude donor coronary artery disease, exposing these older donor kidneys to contrast. Further contrast may
Children's behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorder symptom severity: The role of individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

Abstract Although behavioral inhibition (BI) is clearly identified as a temperamental risk factor for childhood anxiety psychopathology, much less is known about whether the strength of this association may vary as a function of parasympathetic nervous system regulation in children with anxiety disorders. To build upon extant research in this area, the present study examined whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) can explicate the conditions in which BI is linked to increased symptom severity among anxiety-disordered children ( N = 44; M = 9.61 years, SD = 1.63; 52% female and African American, respectively). We examined RSA responding both during a basal period and during a stressor (“challenge” RSA): interacting with a “mystery guest” who was wearing a mask. As hypothesized, the interaction between BI and both basal and challenge RSA was significantly related to anxiety disorder symptom severity, even after controlling for depressive symptoms. The form of the interaction indicated that highest levels of anxiety disorder symptoms were found among children with high levels of BI and low basal and challenge RSA, respectively. These data provide novel empirical evidence of a clinically-relevant interplay between RSA and BI in relation to anxiety disorder symptom severity among clinical youth. Future work is needed to expand on the specific mechanisms that may be responsible e for the interplay between temperamental and psychobiological risks for childhood anxiety.
Implementing Education to Reduce Neonatal Mortality in Low-Resource Environments

* Abbreviations: CQI — : continuous quality improvement HBB — : Helping Babies Breathe Mortality among children under 5 years of age in developing countries has fallen dramatically in recent decades. Unfortunately, declines in neonatal mortality during this period have been less impressive. Neonatal mortality now accounts for >40% of under-5 mortality.1 About one-quarter of neonatal deaths result from intrapartum-related conditions and their consequences (eg, birth asphyxia),2 with an estimated 10 million newborns requiring some level of intervention to establish breathing and circulation at the time of birth.3 One strategy for reducing neonatal mortality is to improve the care of babies at the time of birth by improving the knowledge and skills of providers. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a low-cost and low-tech simulation-based educational program on newborn resuscitation, was developed to support this strategy. In this issue of Pediatrics , Arlington et al4 report the evaluation of large-scale implementation of HBB in Tanzania as a strategy to reduce neonatal mortality. This report is important for several reasons. Previous evaluations of HBB have been on a smaller scale and focused primarily on providers in hospital settings. … Address correspondence to Carl Bose, MD, Department of Pediatrics, CB 7596, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7596. E-mail: cbose{at}med.unc.edu
Calculation of Terrestrial Inputs to Particulate Organic Carbon in an Anthropogenically Impacted Estuary in the Southeastern United States

Using 13C/12C ratios in particulate organic carbon(POC), this study evaluated the fraction of terrestrially derivedPOC in Winyah Bay, South Carolina, an anthropogenically impactedestuary in the southeastern United States. Results from themixing model, which should be viewed as an upper limit becauseof possible dilution from additional potential end-members,showed that between 50 and 90% of POC in the Winyah Bay estuaryis of terrestrial origin. As this POC may be associated withriver-transported pollutants, the potential for accumulation ofpollutants in Winyah Bay is high because POC may become trappedin the estuary as part of either estuarine bottom sediments,circulation or food webs. Thus strategies for pollutionmonitoring and control in the estuary and its watershed arenecessary for the future management of Winyah Bay naturalresources.
Probabilistic estimates of drought impacts on agricultural production

Increases in the severity and frequency of drought in a warming climate may negatively impact agricultural production and food security. Unlike previous studies that have estimated agricultural impacts of climate condition using single-crop yield distributions, we develop a multivariate probabilistic model that uses projected climatic conditions (e.g., precipitation amount or soil moisture) throughout a growing season to estimate the probability distribution of crop yields. We demonstrate the model by an analysis of the historical period 1980–2012, including the Millennium Drought in Australia (2001–2009). We find that precipitation and soil moisture deficit in dry growing seasons reduced the average annual yield of the five largest crops in Australia (wheat, broad beans, canola, lupine, and barley) by 25–45% relative to the wet growing seasons. Our model can thus produce region- and crop-specific agricultural sensitivities to climate conditions and variability. Probabilistic estimates of yield may help decision-makers in government and business to quantitatively assess the vulnerability of agriculture to climate variations. We develop a multivariate probabilistic model that uses precipitation to estimate the probability distribution of crop yields. The proposed model shows how the probability distribution of crop yield changes in response to droughts. During Australia's Millennium Drought precipitation and soil moisture deficit reduced the average annual yield of the five largest crops.
Differentiating Instruction in Physical Education: Personalization of Learning

Differentiated instruction (DI) is a complex conceptual model and philosophy that is implemented in many traditional classroom settings. The primary focus of DI is to personalize the learning proce...
Immune Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract in Health and Disease

This chapter focuses on upper respiratory physiology and immunity. There are several ways in which invading pathogens are prevented from compromising the upper airway. While mucociliary clearance provides a strong physical barrier, several proteins, antimicrobial peptides, and reactive oxygen species, such as nitric oxide, also play a significant role in preventing infection. The upper respiratory tract also has the ability to sense invading pathogens through Toll-like receptors and taste receptors that initiate immune responses. Fast activated innate immune mechanisms primarily protect the respiratory epithelium during routine pathogen exposure, but adaptive immune responses are recruited when innate defenses are not enough. Aspects of these innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are disrupted in diseased states such as acute or chronic rhinosinusitis, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and diabetes mellitus.
Case Study: Yield and quality of traditional senescent and stay-green sorghum and in situ ruminal disappearance of respective crop residues

ABSTRACT Nutritional composition of sorghum before grain harvest and ruminal disappearance of crop residues were evaluated in traditional senescent and stay-green sorghum hybrids grown under restricted water conditions. Hybrids were seeded in a randomized complete block design (experimental unit = 2.63-ha plots; n = 12, 6 plots per treatment) in limited water conditions (330 mm/season). Plants were sampled 129 d after seeding and botanically fractioned for yield and nutrient composition (Exp. 1) and in vitro true digestibility (Exp. 2). Crop residues were baled and in situ ruminal disappearance was evaluated using a crossover design (Exp. 3). Ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; BW = 722 ± 65 kg) were randomly assigned to treatments: hybrid (traditional senescent vs. stay-green) and supplement (0 or 0.68 kg/animal daily; cottonseed meal). Experimental periods (n = 4) included a 10-d adaptation phase before incubations of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 3, 48, and 72 h. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. Greater (P ≤ 0.05) whole-plant, grain, and stalk DM yields were observed with stay-green hybrid. Stay-green stalks contained less ash (P = 0.04) and greater fiber (P ≤ 0.03) than the traditional senescent cultivar. Projected whole-plant, grain, and stalk digestible OM yield was greater (P ≤ 0.05) with stay-green than the traditional senescent cultivar. Ruminal residue OM disappearance of both hybrids was increased (P
The Toxmatrix: Chemo-Genomic Profiling Identifies Interactions That Reveal Mechanisms of Toxicity

A chemical genomics “Toxmatrix” method was developed to elucidate mechanisms of cytotoxicity using neuronal models. Quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) was applied to systematically screen each toxicant against a panel of 70 modulators, drugs or chemicals that act on a known target, to identify interactions that either protect or sensitize cells to each toxicant. Thirty-two toxicants were tested at 10 concentrations for cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, with results fitted to the Hill equation to determine an IC50 for each toxicant. Thirty-three toxicant:modulator interactions were identified in SH-SY5Y cells for 14 toxicants, as modulators that shifted toxicant IC50 values lower or higher. The target of each modulator that sensitizes cells or protects cells from a toxicant suggests a mode of toxicant action or cellular adaptation. In secondary screening, we tested modulator-toxicant pairs identified from the SH-SY5Y primary screening for interactions in three differentiated neu...
Prevention: Saving lives: the importance of having Resolve.

Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death, with a disproportionate burden in low-income and middle-income countries. The Resolve initiative — eliminating artificial trans fats, reducing dietary sodium, and improving treatment of elevated blood pressure — is a substantial step in the right direction, but more combined efforts will be required.
Osseous Convexity at the Anterior Fontanelle: A Presentation of Metopic Fusion?

Background Craniosynostosis, or a premature fusion of 1 or more cranial vault sutures, results in characteristic head shape deformities. In previous reports, an osseous prominence at the anterior fontanelle has been suggestive of adjacent suture fusion and local elevation in intracranial pressure (ICP). This prominence has been termed the "volcano" sign, and has been described in the anterior fusion of the sagittal suture and serves as an indication for surgery. Methods Two patients presented for head shape evaluation with mild metopic ridging and anterior fontanellar osseous convexities consistent with the volcano sign. Low-dose computed tomography imaging was performed in both patients due to concern for underlying craniosynostosis with elevated locoregional ICP. Results In both patients, imaging was significant for a localized, superior forehead metopic fusion, as well as a bony, convex prominence at the site of the ossified anterior fontanelle. There were no other clinical or radiologic signs or symptoms to suggest elevated ICP. Surgery was not indicated in either patient. Conclusions Here the authors present 2 patients with osseous convexities at the site of the closed anterior fontanelle without signs or symptoms of elevated ICP, or classic signs of metopic synostosis. The authors hypothesize that this pattern may be due to a form of mechanically induced premature fusion of a normal metopic suture that is focused superiorly at the bregma, with minimal resultant restriction of overall skull growth. This is in contrast to metopic synostosis, which primarily has a sutural pathology and leads to characteristic findings of hypotelorism and trigonocephaly.
Lumifoil and Tschumi: the generative content of context

This paper addresses Materiality and Context by introducing Lumifoil, a design-build intervention in the Red Generator; an iconic work of contemporary architecture designed by architect Bernard Tsc...
Peripheral Nerve Evaluation

Peripheral nerve evaluation (PNE) is an important initial step in assessing patient eligibility for permanent implantation of the sacral nerve stimulation system. PNE has been used since 1997 for the initial test phase and maintains many advantages. Advances in lead wire technology have increased the frequency of the initial test phase being performed in the operating room; however, this is an expensive and labor intensive technique. PNE is an office-based procedure, which is considered to be relatively easy for providers, as well as fast and safe for patients. In this chapter we discuss the historical evolution of PNE, the technique and tools to aid in correct placement, and compare its use to placement of the tined lead wire in the operating room.
Förderung von Gasen aus Räumen mit Unterdruck. (Vakuumpumpen.)

Soll ein Raum dauernd unter einem Druck gehalten werden, der kleiner ist als der ausere Luftdruck, so ist aus diesem Raume die ihm zufliesende Gasmenge fortwahrend abzusaugen und in die freie Atmosphare auszustosen. Da bei diesem Vorgang in den meisten Anwendungsfallen Luft als Fordermittel auftritt, findet sich fur diese Maschinengattung haufig die Bezeichnung Luftpumpen oder Vakuumpumpen. Die in den Raum einfallende Liefermenge kann sich zusammensetzen aus der absichtlich zugefuhrten Gasmenge und aus der durch Undichtheiten eintretenden Luft.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Child Patients Seen at a Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic: Observations of 50 Children and Their Families

Recurrent abdominal pain is a common patient complaint in general pediatric and gastroenterology clinics. Various psychiatric problems have been noted in the children, adolescents, and parents of children who present with nonorganic recurrent abdominal pain. This article reviews the stressors, psychopathology, and biopsychosocial treatment of 50 patients with recurrent abdominal pain who were referred from a pediatric gastroenterology clinic to their psychiatric consultant over a 3-year period (1987-1990). The salient literature is also reviewed and thoughts for future research are outlined.
Functional Anatomy of the Tongue and Mouth of Mammals

The static and dynamic characteristics of the jaws, tongue, and other structures surrounding the oral cavity of mammals strongly affect the types of environments in which a particular mammal can successfully function. A highly specialized mouth and tongue, such as that noted in anteaters by Sonntag (1925), is an extreme example of an ingestive apparatus that sets very narrow limitations on usable habitats. With reference to the primary focus of this chapter, liquid ingestion, less dramatic but equally significant constraints are found in adult animals unable to suck liquids, presumably because of their mouth characteristics. (See pp. 62–80, Drinking Behavior, especially p. 72 and Table 4). A specific liquid intake and intraoral manipulation mechanism may have great adaptive advantage for a given ecological niche. However, the possibility of evolutionary modification in the event of major, relatively rapid changes in habitat may be greatly reduced. Nonspecialized omnivores, having ingestive apparatus usable with a wide range of foods and liquid sources, avoid these problems, as Hiiemae and Crompton (1971) and Jolly (1972) have noted. It may be that omnivores may not be able to exploit some habitats as efficiently as specialized feeders.
Medical Care Costs for Recurrent versus De Novo Stage IV Cancer by Age at Diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE To address the knowledge gap regarding medical care costs for advanced cancer patients, we compared costs for recurrent versus de novo stage IV breast, colorectal, and lung cancer patients. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) information from three Kaiser Permanente regions: Colorado, Northwest, and Washington. STUDY DESIGN We identified patients aged ≥21 with de novo or recurrent breast (nde novo = 352; nrecurrent = 765), colorectal (nde novo = 1,072; nrecurrent = 542), and lung (nde novo = 4,041; nrecurrent = 340) cancers diagnosed 2000-2012. We estimated average total monthly and annual costs in the 12 months preceding, month of, and 12 months following the index de novo/recurrence date, stratified by age at diagnosis (<65, ≥65). Generalized linear repeated-measures models controlled for demographics and comorbidity. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the pre-index period, monthly costs were higher for recurrent than for de novo breast (<65: +$2,431; ≥65: +$1,360), colorectal (<65: +$3,219; ≥65: +$2,247), and lung cancer (<65: +$3,086; ≥65: +$2,260) patients. Conversely, during the index and post-index periods, costs were higher for de novo patients. Average total annual pre-index costs were five- to ninefold higher for recurrent versus de novo patients <65. CONCLUSIONS Cost differences by type of advanced cancer and by age suggest heterogeneous patterns of care that merit further investigation.
Massive hemoptysis in pulmonary infections: bronchial artery embolization

Massive hemoptysis is a life threatening condition in patients with pulmonary infections, requiring immediate attention via a systematic and multidisciplinary approach utilizing intensivists, pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, and interventional radiologists.
Information Storage in the Stochastic Ising Model at Zero Temperature

Most information systems store data by modifying the local state of the matter, in the hope that atomic (or subatomic) local interactions would stabilize the state for sufficiently long time, thereby allowing later recovery. In this work we initiate the study of information retention properties of locally-interacting systems. We model the time-dependent interactions between the different particles via the stochastic Ising model (SIM). The initial spin configuration $X_{0}$ serves as the user-controlled input. The output configuration $X_{t}$ is produced by running $t$ steps of the Glauber chain. Our main goal is to evaluate the information capacity $I_{n}(t) \triangleq\max_{p X_{0}}I({X}_{0}; X_{t})$ when the time $t$ scales with the size or the system $n$ according to various rates. For the zero-temperature SIM on the two-dimensional $\sqrt{n}\times\sqrt{n}$ grid and free boundary condition, it is easy to show that $I_{n}(t)=\Theta(n)$ as long as $t=O(n)$ . In addition, we show that order of $\sqrt{n}$ bits can be stored for infinite time (and even with zero error). The $\sqrt{n}$ achievability is optimal when $t\rightarrow\infty$ and $n$ is fixed. Our main result is in extending achievability to super-linear (in n) times via a coding scheme that reliably stores more than $\sqrt{n}$ bits (in orders of magnitude). The analysis of the scheme decomposes the system into $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ independent Z-channels whose crossover probability is found via the (recently rigorously established) Lifshitz law of phase boundary movement. Finally, two order optimal characterizations of $I_{n}(t)$ , for all $t$ , are given for the grid dynamics with an external magnetic field and for the dynamics on the Honeycomb lattice. It shown that $I_{n}(t)=\Theta(n)$ in both cases, suggesting their superiority over the grid without an external field for storage purposes.
Entrepreneurial Personality Traits and Clinical Social Work Practitioners

Six hundred forty-two of 1, 218 randomly sampled social workers certified in Texas as advanced clinical practitioners responded to a mailed questionnaire as part of a study of entrepreneurial perso...
A role for focal adhesion kinase in the contraction of murine gastric fundus smooth muscle evoked by cholinergic neurotransmission

Cholinergic neurotransmission-induced smooth muscle contraction involves the regulation of myosin light chain (LC20) phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and my...
Posterior Segment Trauma

There are many potential causes of vision loss in trauma patients. To reduce morbidity, clinicians can advocate for the use of safety glasses and head protection, promote education concerning the risks involved when engaging in high-risk activities, and minimize the likelihood that such potentially devastating accidents occur. Unfortunately, not all trauma is preventable, but with prompt evaluation and treatment, many patients can retain vision. Because these injuries may initially be asymptomatic, a high degree of suspicion and low threshold for referral should be considered with any patients who have a history of head injury, periorbital ecchymosis, or altered visual acuity.
RLT-S: A Web System for Record Linkage.

Background Record linkage integrates records across multiple related data sources identifying duplicates and accounting for possible errors. Real life applications require efficient algorithms to merge these voluminous data sources to find out all records belonging to same individuals. Our recently devised highly efficient record linkage algorithms provide best-known solutions to this challenging problem. Method We have developed RLT-S, a freely available web tool, which implements our single linkage clustering algorithm for record linkage. This tool requires input data sets and a small set of configuration settings about these files to work efficiently. RLT-S employs exact match clustering, blocking on a specified attribute and single linkage based hierarchical clustering among these blocks. Results RLT-S is an implementation package of our sequential record linkage algorithm. It outperforms previous best-known implementations by a large margin. The tool is at least two times faster for any dataset than the previous best-known tools. Conclusions RLT-S tool implements our record linkage algorithm that outperforms previous best-known algorithms in this area. This website also contains necessary information such as instructions, submission history, feedback, publications and some other sections to facilitate the usage of the tool. Availability RLT-S is integrated into http://www.rlatools.com, which is currently serving this tool only. The tool is freely available and can be used without login. All data files used in this paper have been stored in https://github.com/abdullah009/DataRLATools. For copies of the relevant programs please see https://github.com/abdullah009/RLATools.
Sacral Insufficiency Fractures

Sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF) are spontaneous, pathologic fractures of the sacrum that result when physiologic stress is placed on abnormal bone. While the true incidence is difficult to quantify, they are being increasingly recognized as a source of low back pain in the elderly population. Risk factors such as primary osteoporosis, conditions causing secondary osteoporosis (corticosteroids, Paget’s disease, hyperparathyroidism, etc.), malignancy, and pelvic irradiation can predispose to SIF. Diagnosis is often difficult given negative plain radiographs and the need for advanced imaging, and therefore a high degree of suspicion is warranted. While the majority of patients respond well to conservative therapy, these fractures can lead to significant pain and impairments in mobility. Surgical management is typically reserved for displaced fractures or those patients who have persistent pain despite non-operative treatment. Options include screw fixation of the posterior ring and more recently percutaneous sacroplasty.
Microscopic approach to reciprocity and photon recycling in ultrathin solar cells

In contrast to their bulk counterparts, ultrathin solar cells exhibit bias-dependent optical properties. This has severe implications for the validity of conventional opto-electronic reciprocity relations. We review the predictions of this phenomenon from quantum-kinetic theory and discuss the experimental confirmation, as well as the extension of the theoretical framework for the rigorous assessment of photon recycling effects in the electrical characteristics of ultrathin-film solar cell devices.
Publisher Correction: A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

In the version of this article initially published, four people were missing from the alphabetical list of IMG/M Data Consortium members: Lauren V. Alteio of the Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Jeffrey L. Blanchard of the Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Kristen M. DeAngelis of the Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; and William Rodriguez-Reillo of the Research Computing Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. The error has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Preparing the Next Generation of Health and Physical Educators through Trauma-Informed Programs

As Physical Education Teacher Education and Health Education Teacher Education faculty members, it is essential to help our students acquire the skills to handle the traumas/stress in their lives. ...
Allogeneic CAR Cell Therapy—More Than a Pipe Dream

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown promise, particularly for the treatment of hematological malignancies. To date, the majority of clinically evaluated CAR cell products have been derived from autologous immune cells. While this strategy can be effective it also imposes several constraints regarding logistics. This includes i) availability of center to perform leukapheresis, ii) necessity for shipment to and from processing centers, and iii) time requirements for product manufacture and clinical release testing. In addition, previous cytotoxic therapies can negatively impact the effector function of autologous immune cells, which may then affect efficacy and/or durability of resultant CAR products. The use of allogeneic CAR cell products generated using cells from healthy donors has the potential to overcome many of these limitations, including through generation of "off the shelf" products. However, allogeneic CAR cell products come with their own challenges, including potential to induce graft-versus-host-disease, as well as risk of immune-mediated rejection by the host. Here we will review promises and challenges of allogeneic CAR immunotherapies, including those being investigated in preclinical models and/or early phase clinical studies.
Content Moderation Remedies

This Article addresses a critical but underexplored topic of “platform” law: if a user’s online content or actions violate the rules, what should happen next? The longstanding expectation is that Internet services should remove violative content or accounts from their services, and many laws mandate that result. However, Internet services have a wide range of other options—what I call “remedies”—they can use to redress content or accounts that violate the applicable rules. The Article describes dozens of remedies that Internet services have actually imposed. The Article then provides a normative framework to help Internet services and regulators navigate these remedial options to address the many difficult tradeoffs involved in content moderation. By moving past the binary remove-or-not remedy framework that dominates the current discourse about content moderation, this Article helps to improve the efficacy of content moderation, promote free expression, promote competition among Internet services, and improve Internet services’ community-building functions.
Genetic variants related to successful migraine prophylaxis with verapamil.

BACKGROUND Currently, there is no biologically based rationale for drug selection in migraine prophylactic treatment. METHODS To investigate the genetic variation underlying treatment response to verapamil prophylaxis, we selected 225 patients from a longitudinally established, deeply phenotyped migraine database (N = 5983), and collected uninterrupted quantitated verapamil treatment response data and DNA for these 225 cases. We recorded the number of headache days in the four weeks preceding treatment with verapamil and for four weeks, following completion of a treatment period with verapamil lasting at least five weeks. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to a discovery cohort consisting of 21 definitive responders and 14 definitive non-responders, and the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing significant association were genotyped in a separate confirmation cohort (185 verapamil treated patients). Statistical analysis of the WES data from the discovery cohort identified 524 SNPs associated with verapamil responsiveness (p < 0.01); among them, 39 SNPs were validated in the confirmatory cohort (n = 185) which included the full range of response to verapamil from highly responsive to not responsive. RESULTS Fourteen SNPs were confirmed by both percentage and arithmetic statistical approaches. Pathway and protein network analysis implicated myo-inositol biosynthetic and phospholipase-C second messenger pathways in verapamil responsiveness, emphasizing the earlier pathogenic understanding of migraine. No association was found between genetic variation in verapamil metabolic enzymes and treatment response. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that genetic analysis in well-characterized subpopulations can yield important pharmacogenetic information pertaining to the mechanism of anti-migraine prophylactic medications.
Residential Street Block Disorder and Biological Markers of Aging in Older Adults: The National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Background Residential environments are associated with older adults' health, but underlying physiologic causal mechanisms are not well understood. As adults age, street blocks are likely more relevant to their health than the larger neighborhood environment. This study examined the effects of adverse street block conditions on aging biomarkers among older adults. Methods We included community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 67 and older with 2017 biomarker data from the nationally representative National Health and Aging Trends Study (n = 4357). Street block disorder in 2016 was measured using interviewer report of any trash/glass/litter, graffiti, or vacant buildings on participants' blocks. Propensity score models were used to create balanced groups with regard to multiple 2015 participant characteristics, including demographic, socioeconomic, residence, and early-life characteristics. Linear regressions modeled street block disorder as a predictor of 4 aging biomarkers, hemoglobin A1C, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and cytomegalovirus antibodies, before and after applying propensity score weighting. Results Adjusting for participant sociodemographic characteristics and applying propensity score weights, living on a block with any disorder was associated with 2% higher mean hemoglobin A1C levels (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002-0.03), 13% higher C-reactive protein (95% CI: 0.03-0.23), 10% higher interleukin-6 (95% CI: 0.02-0.19), and 19% more cytomegalovirus antibodies (95% CI: 0.09-0.29) compared to living on a block with no disorder. Conclusions Street block disorder predicted subsequent aging biomarkers after applying a propensity score approach to account for confounding among a national sample of older adults. Targeting street-level residential contexts for intervention may reduce the risk for poor health in older adults.
Medical costs and associated racial/ethnic and sex disparities in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use: anemia management under the Medicare reimbursement policy.

BACKGROUND: Before 2007, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were the highest-expenditure drug in the Medicare system. In 2007, CMS issued a reimbursement policy change for ESAs used by cancer...
Shoring up economic refugees: Venezuelan migrants in the Ecuadoran labor market

Ecuador has become the third largest receiver of the 4.3 million Venezuelans that left their country in the last five years, hosting around 10% of them. Little is known about the characteristics of these migrants and their labor market outcomes. This paper fills this gap, analyzing a new large survey (known as EPEC). On average, Venezuelan workers are highly skilled and have high rates of employment, compared to Ecuadorians. However, their employment is of much lower quality, characterized by low wages and high rates of informality and temporality. Venezuelans have experienced significant occupational downgrading, relative to their employment prior to emigration. As a result, despite their high educational attainment, Venezuelans primarily compete for jobs with the least skilled and more economically vulnerable Ecuadorian workers. Our simulations suggest that measures that allow Venezuelans to obtain employment that matches their skills, such as facilitating the conversion of educational credentials, would increase Ecuador's GDP between 1.6% and 1.9% and alleviate the pressure on disadvantaged native workers. We also show that providing work permits to Venezuelan workers would substantially reduce their rates of informality and increase their average earnings.
Matching algorithms for composing business process solutions with Web services

The automation of process integration with Web service technologies requires the automation of discovery and composition of Web services. This paper addresses these two problems in the Web service-based business process integration: the discovery of Web services based on the capabilities and properties of published services, and the composition of business processes based on the business requirements of submitted requests. The proposed solution comprises multiple matching algorithms, a micro-level matching algorithm, which matches the capabilities of services with activities in a process request, and macro-level matching algorithms, which are used to compose a business process by identifying services that satisfy the business requirements and constraints of the request. The solution from the macro-level matching algorithms is optimal in terms of meeting a certain business objective, e.g., minimizing the cost or execution time, or maximizing the total utility value of business properties of interest.
Scaling between magnetic field and temperature in the high-temperature superconductor BaFe2(As1-xPx)2

The linear change in resistance with temperature in high-temperature superconductors is an enduring mystery. And now, the resistance in a magnetic field shows similar scaling, suggesting that physicists have another probe of the linear behaviour. Many exotic metallic systems have a resistivity that varies linearly with temperature, and the physics behind this is thought to be connected to high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates and iron pnictides1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Although this phenomenon has attracted considerable attention, it is unclear how the relevant physics manifests in other transport properties, for example their response to an applied magnetic field. We report measurements of the high-field magnetoresistance of the iron pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As1−xPx)2 and find that it obeys an unusual scaling relationship between applied magnetic field and temperature, with a conversion factor given simply by the ratio of the Bohr magneton and the Boltzmann constant. This suggests that magnetic fields probe the same physics that gives rise to the T-linear resistivity, providing a new experimental clue to this long-standing puzzle.
Dynamic Load and Stress Analysis of a Crankshaft

In this study a dynamic simulation was conducted on a crankshaft from a single cylinder four stroke engine. Finite element analysis was performed to obtain the variation of stress magnitude at critical locations. The pressure-volume diagram was used to calculate the load boundary condition in dynamic simulation model, and other simulation inputs were taken from the engine specification chart. The dynamic analysis was done analytically and was verified by simulation in ADAMS which resulted in the load spectrum applied to crank pin bearing. This load was applied to the FE model in ABAQUS, and boundary conditions were applied according to the engine mounting conditions. The analysis was done for different engine speeds and as a result critical engine speed and critical region on the crankshaft were obtained. Stress variation over the engine cycle and the effect of torsional load in the analysis were investigated. Results from FE analysis were verified by strain gages attached to several locations on the crankshaft. Results achieved from aforementioned analysis can be used in fatigue life calculation and optimization of this component.
The first structures of T cell receptors bound to peptide-MHC.

The structure of the MHC class I molecule HLA-A2 reported in 1987 by Bjorkman et al. ([1][1]) had revealed how peptide Ags are presented to T cells: peptides are buried in the long and deep groove of the MHC molecule, flanked on each side by a long α helix. The structure immediately suggested that
Fat metabolism in higher plants. The elongation of saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoAs by a stromal system from isolated spinach chloroplasts.

Abstract A soluble enzyme system from the stroma of chloroplasts isolated from Spinacease oleraceae elongated various long chain acyl-CoAs using acetyl-CoA as a two-carbon donor. Partial purification of the system was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation and molecular sieve chromatography. The elongation system required NADPH and NADH for the reduction steps. Several nucleoside triphosphates markedly stimulated elongation. Inhibition occurred with several thiol binding reagents and with free CoA. The possible significance of elongation via acyl-CoAs in chloroplasts is discussed.