cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of picture archiving and communication systems—1989

Several areas of partial picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) applications such as teleradiology, nuclear medicine, archiving modules, and systems for handling computed tomography and magnetic resonance digital data are mentioned prior to the discussion of a fully functional PACS system. Some of the present and future social implications of PACS are reviewed. Experience to date with a pilot system called MicroRSTAR at the Massachusetts General Hospital is described.
Glucose sensing and signaling by two glucose receptors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

How eukaryotic cells sense availability of glucose, their preferred carbon and energy source, is an important, unsolved problem. Bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) uses two glucose transporter homologs, Snf3 and Rgt2, as glucose sensors that generate a signal for induction of expression of genes encoding hexose transporters (HXT genes). We present evidence that these proteins generate an intracellular glucose signal without transporting glucose. The Snf3 and Rgt2 glucose sensors contain unusually long C-terminal tails that are predicted to be in the cytoplasm. These tails appear to be the signaling domains of Snf3 and Rgt2 because they are necessary for glucose signaling by Snf3 and Rgt2, and transplantation of the C-terminal tail of Snf3 onto the Hxt1 and Hxt2 glucose transporters converts them into glucose sensors that can generate a signal for glucose-induced HXT gene expression. These results support the idea that yeast senses glucose using two modified glucose transporters that serve as glucose receptors.
Monolithic mosaic transducer utilizing trapped energy modes

A major difficulty In the fabrication of a large mosaic transducer is the achievement of adequate acoustic isolation of the small transducer elements making up the array. In order to obtain the isolation some workers have combined completely separate individual transducer elements [l] while others have used a large piezoelectric plate with grooves [2, 3]. The latter procedure is somewhat less cumbersome but still difficult for very small element sizes. Recently attention has been directed towards acoustic isolation schemes which do not require grooves. Some of these techniques involve matched terminator backing for the plate [k]. In this way the internal plate reflections that produce coupling are reduced.
Knowledge-based acquisition of rules for medical diagnosis

Medical consultation systems in the EXPERT framework contain rules written under the guidance of expert physicians. We present a methodology and preliminary implementation of a system that learns compiled rule chains from positive case examples of a diagnostic class and negative examples of alternative diagnostic classes. Rule acquisition is guided by the constraints of physiological process models represented in the system. Evaluation of the system is proceeding in the area of glaucoma diagnosis, and an example of an experiment in this domain is included.
Unusual transport properties in carbon based nanoscaled materials: nanotubes and graphene

The massless Dirac particle moving at the speed of light has been a fascinating subject in relativistic quantum physics. Nanoscale graphitic materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, now provide us with an opportunity to investigate such exotic effects in low-energy condensed matter systems. The unique electronic band structure of graphene lattice provides a linear dispersion relation where the Fermi velocity replaces the role of the speed of light in the usual Dirac Fermion spectrum. Recent experimental studies reveal that such unconventional electronic structure in graphitic carbon leads to unique electronic transport phenomena in 1-dimensional carbon nanotubes and 2-dimensional graphene. Combined with semiconductor device fabrication techniques and the development of new methods of nanoscaled material synthesis/manipulation enables us to investigate mesoscopic transport phenomena in these materials. The exotic quantum transport behavior discovered in these materials, such as room temperature ballistic transport, unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect, and a non-zero Berrys phase in magneto-oscillations will be discussed in the connection to Dirac Fermion description in graphitic systems.
Magnetic interactions and charge transfer excitations in copper oxide superconductors

Abstract We discuss recent theoretical work on the three-band Hubbard model for cuprate superconductors. For the charge-fluctuation regime of this model, we consider the role of strong intersite Coulomb repulsion and discuss the formation of string quasi-particles, as recently proposed by one of the authors. For the spin-fluctuation regime, we present new results obtained by exact numerical diagonalization of finite-sized model clusters. In the absence of direct oxygen-oxygen hybridization, our results are consistent with an effective single-band approximation, recently proposed by Zhang and Rice, in which each doping induced extra hole at the oxygen sites forms a strongly bound singlet state with a single copper spin. In the presence of sufficiently strong oxygen-oxygen hybridization of appropriate sign, a cross-over occurs to a Fermi liquid type groundstate in which the extra holes undergo only a weak Kondo scattering at the localized copper spins.
Unrecognized prevalence of panic disorder in primary care, internal medicine and cardiology

Research over the last 25 years has delineated the syndrome of panic disorder/agoraphobia from a myriad of medical, cardiologic and psychiatric diagnoses. This syndrome is characterized by the sudden onset of episodes of panic and terror, accompanied by extreme physiologic symptoms including palpitations, tachycardia, chest pain, shortness of breath, trembling, faintness, etc. These patients become quite anxious and hypochondriacal and begin to avoid certain situations in which they feel a recurrence of a panic attack would be dangerous or embarrassing. This avoidance (agoraphobia) typically involves malls, grocery stores, churches, crowds, bridges, planes, waiting in lines, visiting dentists, highways, etc., and rarely (5%) actually confines the patient to his home. With the prevalence of 3 to 7% in the general population, evidence suggests that many of these patients are currently unrecognized in primary care, internal medicine and cardiology practices. Over 90% believe they have a physical disorder and do not present to psychiatrists but instead to neurologists (44%), cardiologists (39%) and gastroenterologists (33%). Perhaps as many as one-third of patients with atypical chest pain, particularly if results of coronary angiograms are normal, have unrecognized panic disorder. Effective treatments in most patients are now available and are described. These include medications that block the panic attacks and reduce the anxiety and phobic fears and they are generally used in combination with behavioral treatments.
An Unusual Case of Cyanotic Heart Disease: Atrial Septal Defect with Acquired Tricuspid Insufficiency

A rare case of tricuspid insufficiency due to bacterial endocarditis in association with a previously asymptomatic atrial septal defect is presented. Intense cyanosis, polycythemia and clubbing of digits were the major presenting clinical features. The classic physical findings of tricuspid insufficiency were not present. Hemodynamic data, blood gas analysis, and cine-angio-graphic studies are included. Surgical correction of the cardiac defects was successful.
Study of traffic engineering capabilities of MPLS networks

This poster presents the traffic engineering (TE) capabilities of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks. The study is carried on Pentium PCs running Linux and using open software. Results show that it is necessary to examine the flows in a MPLS network before setting up paths from a TE point of view. The study also suggests that proper planning with respect to mapping similar traffic types onto the same label switched path gives a better performance.
A phosphate-induced sub-micelle-micelle equilibrium in reconstituted casein micelle systems.

In reconstituted casein systems, complete sub-micelles were previously observed only under extreme conditions of ionic strength, namely a NaCl concentration of 2 M or greater. However, studies with the analytical ultracentrifuge on phosphate-containing casein systems revealed that under certain conditions, a stable sub-micelle-micelle equilibrium was established. Conditions which were standard throughout were 7.5 mg/ml protein, 0.04 M-NaCl, pH 6.6 and 37 °C. The concentrations of added CaCl2 (Ca2+) and inorganic phosphate (P1) were variable. With no P1 present, Ca-sensitive caseins precipitated or formed micelles when k-casein was present, between 6 and 7 mM-Ca2+. With 10–20 mM-P1 precipitation or micelle formation began at about 4 mM-Ca2+ and was complete at about 5 mM-Ca2+. Over this interval, during micelle formation, a sub-micelle peak with s20, w of about 13 S was observed in equilibrium with the broad micelle peak. In a system containing a 2:2:1 weight ratio of ±sI-:²-:k-casein, this sub-micelle was isolated at 4 mM-Ca2+ and 2.5 mM-P1. The mol. wt was 760000 and it thus contained approximately 33 monomer caseins. The reconstituted micelle system formed in the absence of P1 was quite temperature sensitive, forming at 37 °C but disappearing upon cooling. In the presence of P1 the micelles formed at 37 °C but were stable to cooling as are natural micelles. Evidently, a combination of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are involved in natural micelle formation, probably with the production of salt bridges of Ca and phosphate ions between sub-micelles.
The complexity of minimizing certain cost metrics for k-source spanning trees

We investigate multisource spanning tree problems where, given a graph with edge weights and a subset of the nodes defined as sources, the object is to find a spanning tree of the graph that minimizes some distance-related cost metric. This problem can be used to model multicasting in a network where messages are sent from a fixed collection of senders and communication takes place along the edges of a single spanning tree. For a limited set of possible cost metrics of such a spanning tree, we either prove the problem is NP-hard or we demonstrate the existence of an efficient algorithm to find an optimal tree.
Red pine growth and chemical composition of foliage and forest floors across a precipitation-chemistry gradient in Wisconsin

Three red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) plantations were located at each of five sites across the precipitation-chemistry gradient in Wisconsin (loadings of H ion, SO42−, and NO3− generally decrease fr...
Delocalization in the vibrational spectrum of naphthalene

The role of delocalization in the vibrational spectrum of naphthalene is examined. Force parameters corresponding to π-electron delocalization are calculated. A set of six symmetry coordinates, made up of the carbon-skeleton stretch valence coordinates, are found that correspond to the resonance forces within the molecule. The two of these of greatest magnitude conform to the interaction of classical Kekule structures for naphthalene. Contributions to infrared intensity are estimated and found to be small as expected for even-alternant hydrocarbons. Uncertainty in the empirical parameters used make these estimates an unreliable upper limit. The possibility of using naphthalene intensity to test values of electron integrals is discussed.
The London-van der Waals interaction energy between objects of various geometries

Mathematical expressions for the London-van der Waals (vdW) interaction energies between macroscopic objects of a few common geometrical shapes are derived. The derivation is subjected to the assumption of additivity. The expressions are approximated for some limiting cases. These expressions may find uses for example in complex fluids in calculations of vdW interactions between vesicular (single wall liposomes) and liposomal (onion structures) particles or in colloidal suspensions for the calculation of vdW interaction between colloids that are coated with a stabilizing layer such as adsorbed polymers, polymer brushes or surfactants.
Degradation of phenanthrene by Burkholderia sp. C3: initial 1,2- and 3,4-dioxygenation and meta- and ortho-cleavage of naphthalene-1,2-diol.

Burkholderia sp. C3 was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site in Hilo, Hawaii, USA, and studied for its degradation of phenanthrene as a sole carbon source. The initial 3,4-C dioxygenation was faster than 1,2-C dioxygenation in the first 3-day culture. However, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid derived from 3,4-C dioxygenation degraded much slower than 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid derived from 1,2-C dioxygenation. Slow degradation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid relative to 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid may trigger 1,2-C dioxygenation faster after 3 days of culture. High concentrations of 5,6-␣and 7,8-benzocoumarins indicated that meta-cleavage was the major degradation mechanism of phenanthrene-1,2- and -3,4-diols. Separate cultures with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid showed that the degradation rate of the former to naphthalene-1,2-diol was much faster than that of the latter. The two upper metabolic pathways of phenanthrene are converged into naphthalene-1,2-diol that is further metabolized to 2-carboxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxybenzalpyruvic acid by ortho- and meta-cleavages, respectively. Transformation of naphthalene-1,2-diol to 2-carboxycinnamic acid by this strain represents the first observation of ortho-cleavage of two rings-PAH-diols by a Gram-negative species.
THRIFTI: tomographic hyperspectral remote imaging Fourier transform interferometer

Hyperspectral imaging spectrometers (HSIs) utilizing a Sagnac interferometer are throughput-limited if a slit is employed intheir designs. This paper describes the Tomographic Hyperspectral Remote Imaging Fourier Transform Interferometer(THRIFT!) optical design. THRIFTI is capable of producing spectral autocorrelation fringe modulation over an imageplane defined by a two-dimensional CCD array without the throughput disadvantage encountered by the Sagnac-basedimaging spectrometers that incorporate a slit. This approach is utilized to recapture the full spatial-spectral characteristics ofan image hypercube via tomography or linear deconvolution. In addition to its large throughput, THRIFTI is robust andsimple to construct. The optical design of THRIFTI is discussed and the first experimental results are presented.Keywords: THRIFT!, hyperspectral imaging, imaging spectrometer, imaging fourier transform spectrometer, Sagnac,target detection, sensors, digital battlefield, soldier identification.
Secreted oleanolic acid on the cuticleOlea europaea (Oleaceae); a chemical barrier to fungal attack

The leaf of the bitter oliveOlea europaea (Oleaceae) is heavily coated by almost pure oleanolic acid, which forms part of a ‘multichemical’ defense against fungal attack.
Electro- and Magnetostatics of a Cosmic Pseudoscalar Field Coupled to Electromagnetism

A spatially-inhomogeneous, time-varying cosmic pseudoscalar field coupled to electromagnetism via the Chern-Simons invariant F μ ν F ˜ μ ν acts as a new source of charge and current for electromagnetic fields. We evaluate the magnetic field produced by a static electric charge, and the electric field resulting from a stationary current. We show that the pseudoscalar exerts a torque on objects carrying both electric charge and a magnetic moment.
Improved method for pressing thin targets from powders

Abstract A method for pressing powders or fine granular substances into thin rotatable targets for use in dispersed-beam accelerator experiments is described. As an example, samples of Li 2 S with a diameter of 1.9 cm and a thickness of 21 mg/cm 2 have been produced and successfully tested with a 22 μA beam of 305 MeV electrons. The method should be useful for a number of other materials.
Childrearing, Self‐Control, and Crime: Additional Evidence*

Gottfredson and Hirschi's model of caregiving to produce high self-control is examined using survey data from a city population of adults. The data permit assessment of the predictive ability of all three elements of the regimen, separately and in com-bination. While a combination of the elements of the specified model and some of the individual components prove to be statistically significant predictors of self-control, the coefficients are only modest ones. In addition, the sequential model of crime production set forth by the theorists proves to be questionable. These findings add to an emerging body of research suggesting that self-control may be dependent on things other than the childhood caregiving regimen identified in self-control theory.
Parenteral Fish Oil-Associated Burr Cell Anemia

We report the development of burr cell anemia in an infant with short bowel syndrome who received parenteral fish oil (Omegaven, Fresenius-Kabi, Graz, Austria) after development of total parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease. Parenteral fish oil was discontinued, and the burr cell anemia disappeared, suggesting that parenteral fish oil might be associated with hemolytic anemia.
Dynamics of polar solvation at the surface of a ZrO2 nanoparticle

Abstract Polar solvation dynamics of a 95:5% (v/v) water/acetone mixture have been measured at the ZrO 2 nanoparticle surface by time-resolved fluorescence of a probe molecule adsorbed to the particle surface. The interfacial solvent response displays two sub-picosecond diffusive components with the same time constants as bulk solution. However, the relative amplitudes for the individual relaxation components are significantly different, leading to a faster average solvation response for molecules at the ZrO 2 surface. Furthermore, the overall fluorescence Stokes shift is approximately three times smaller for dye molecules adsorbed to the nanoparticle surface. Implications for electron injection into semiconductor nanoparticles are discussed.
How Occupy Wall Street influenced the reputation of banks with the media

This study reports on two surveys with business journalists to identify the impact the Occupy Wall Street movement had on the reputation of banks. The first survey was conducted before the movement and the second was after. Perceptions after the Occupy Wall Street movement, that the media caused the loss of trust in banks decreased but beliefs that the media were the main barrier in repairing the reputation of the US banking industry increased. While business journalists felt less strongly after the movement, greed remained their main belief of what caused the loss of trust and that transparent communication is needed to repair the reputation of the US banking industry. The Occupy Wall Street movement appears to have also influenced their thoughts on how many banks were involved in the financial crisis, how long it will take to repair it, and the impact of financial reforms.
Spotlight on “Long-Term English Language Learners”: Characteristics and Prior Schooling Experiences of an Invisible Population

This article presents qualitative research findings about the characteristics and prior schooling experiences of “long-term English language learners” (LTELLs), who have attended U.S. schools for 7 years or more, and about whom there is little empirical research, despite their significant numbers. Findings indicate that these students are orally bilingual for social purposes, yet have limited academic literacy skills in English and their native languages as a result of subtractive prior schooling experiences. Two main groups of LTELLs are identified: (a) students with inconsistent U.S. schooling, who have shifted between bilingual education, English as a second language, and mainstream classrooms with no language support programming, and (b) transnational students, who have moved back and forth between the United States and their family's country of origin. It is argued that programming for LTELLs in high school must be distinctive, and recommendations for policy and practice are outlined.
Temperature Dependence of the Breakdown Field of Barium Titanate

The dc breakdown field has been measured for ceramic BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as a function of the ambient temperatures. The breakdown field shows, in general, a temperature dependence of the thermal breakdown type where the breakdown field decreases as the temperature is increased. However, in addition to this general behavior, the breakdown field dips down strongly and shows minima at the critical temperatures of the phase transformations. This seems to indicate a process of polarization breakdown, and is most pronounced near the orthorhombic-tetragonal transition temperatures.
A differential model for salt-stratified, double-diffusive systems heated from below

Abstract A differential model is developed and used to predict the transient response of a salt-stratified, double-diffusive system heated from below. Predicted mixed layer heights and temperature distributions are in good agreement with data and in reasonable agreement with predictions based on simpler one- and two-layer models. Key features of the system, such as the substantial density difference across the interfacial boundary layer, negligible variation of the salinity profile in the stable region, and locations of highly anisotropic fluid motion are well described by the model. Predicted turbulence characteristics are plausible, and predicted mixed layer growth rates are consistent with accepted correlations involving a convective velocity and a mixed layer Richardson number.
Extended-Release Nifedipine Bezoar Identified One Year after Discontinuation

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of tablet impaction of nifedipine extended-release tablets (Procardia XL) discovered one year after discontinuation of the drug in a patient with peptic stricture.DATA SOURCES:English-language references identified via a MEDLINE search from 1966 through September 1998 and bibliographic review of pertinent articles.DATA SYNTHESIS:Extended-release nifedipine has been associated with the formation of medication bezoars in case reports. Bezoars are concretions of undigested material within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although they can occur throughout the GI tract, bezoars are most frequently located in the stomach and, rarely, in the duodenum. We report an unusual case of tablet impaction with a gastric outlet obstruction in the duodenal area discovered one year after the patient stopped taking extended-release nifedipine.CONCLUSIONS:Extended-release nifedipine is associated with tablet impaction, even long after discontinuing administration. Although rare, clinicians should b...
Manufacturing and Marketing Interdependence in the New Venture Firm: An Empirical Study

This research addresses the interdependent nature of manufacturing and marketing decisions in new venture firms. Based on an empirical study of new venture firms in the communications and computer equipment manufacturing industry, the research first shows that the perception of key aspects of the environment, entry barriers, and hostility does not differ between successful and unsuccessful new venture firms. Such a finding suggests that new venture success is based on much more than an accurate perception of the environment. In contrast, differences in performances are more likely to be attributable to the manner in which the firms constitute and implement their strategies, given their perceptions of the environment. The research also reveals no underlying difference in manufacturing and marketing breadth between successful and unsuccessful new venture firms. The research thus, does not support the proposition that successful new ventures must be limited in scope to a narrow product range, a small market segment, a narrow geographic market, and a limited number of distribution channels. A successful firm in this industry may strategically “focus” on alternative competitive advantages such as customization, delivery speed, product development and innovation. Such a concept of focus is not based on the notion of a narrow product mix for a particular market niche, but on a coherent set of tasks based on market requirements. This research illustrates the importance of the interaction between manufacturing and marketing decisions in predicting new venture firm success. However, the study also suggests that consistency among manufacturing decisions alone may be insufficient to predict firm success. Likewise, consistency among marketing decisions alone is insufficient to predict firm success. As a result, any study that purports to predict new venture firm success based only on an analysis of manufacturing decisions is suspect. The interaction of manufacturing and marketing decisions is only moderately successful in predicting firm success, indicating that the manufacturing and marketing interface is important, but still doesn't provide a complete picture of firm synergy. A more complete model for predicting firm success should likely incorporate other strategic, interdependent relationships with manufacturing and marketing decisions (i.e., the firm's human resource management strategy, financial strategy, R and D posture, etc).
A wireless pressure sensor based on surface trapped ferrofluid plug

We present a new inductive wireless pressure sensor based on the change in the shape of a ferrofluid plug/droplet trapped in a hydrophilic island and sandwiched between two superhydrophobic polymeric membranes one of which contains a flat coil. When external pressure deflects one of the membranes, it squeezes the droplet and changes the distribution of high-permeability ferrite microparticles around the coil. This results in a change in the inductance of the coil which also affects its self-resonant frequency that can be monitored wirelessly. When pressure is released, the ferrofluid plug/droplet regains its original shape due to the superhydrophobic nature of its surrounding surface. The sensor is fabricated using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and aerosol based superhydrophobic spray-coating. The sensor has a pill-shape design (thickness = 1.23 mm, diameter = 15 mm) with a sensitivity of 12 kHz/mmHg (0-15 mmHg).
Genistein modulates splenic natural killer cell activity, antibody-forming cell response, and phenotypic marker expression in F0 and F1 generations of Sprague-Dawley rats

The potential effects of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) on the immune system were evaluated in both F0 (dams) and F1 generations of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a soy-free diet containing low (L: 25 ppm), middle (M: 250 ppm), and high (H: 1250 ppm) levels of GEN. In dams, exposure to GEN from Gestation Day 7 to Postpartum Day 51 (totally 65 days) produced a significant increase in NK cell activity (M and H), while a decrease in the percentage of helper T cells (H). In F1 males, exposure to GEN gestationally, lactationally, and through feed from Postnatal Days 22 to 64 (total 78 days) produced an increase in the relative weights (% body) of spleen (L and H) and thymus (L). Furthermore, exposure to GEN increased the number of splenic B cells (H), T cells (L, M, and H), and T-cell subsets (L, M, and H). Although GEN decreased the percentages of splenic NK cells (L, M, and H), no effect on the activity of NK cells was observed. In F1 females, exposure to GEN produced a decrease in terminal body weight (H), with an increase in the relative weight of spleen (L, M, and H). Exposure to GEN also increased the number of splenic B cells (L), macrophages (L and M), T cells (H), helper T cells (L and H), and cytotoxic T cells (M and H). Additionally, exposure to GEN increased the percentages of T cells (M and H), helper T cells (H), and cytotoxic T cells (M and H). Moreover, the spleen IgM antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells was enhanced (H), although the percentages of B cells were decreased (M and H). No effect on the activity of NK cells was observed; however, the percentages of splenic NK cells were decreased by GEN (L and H). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that exposure to GEN can modulate the immune responses in Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, the sexual dimorphic effects of GEN in F1 male and female rats suggest that there may be interactions between GEN and the responses modulated by sex hormones.
Green career choices: The influence of ecological stance on recruiting

Ecological issues have become a growing concern to businesses. This experimental study examined the effect of a pro-environmental stance on the recruiting efforts of a fictitious firm. Results supported the idea that a proactive company stance on the environment would be positively related to perceived company attractiveness, intentions to pursue employment with that company, and acceptance of a job offer (n=303). Further, personal environmental stance influenced only the intent to pursue employment. This suggests that a positive environmental stance articulated in a recruitment brochure could positively affect potential recruits, even when a recruit does not personally see herself or himself as being particularly pro-environmental.
Stochastic model of crack paths in composites based on the Langevin equation

A stochastic model based on the Langevin equation was used to describe crack paths in composites. A single crack path in a fiberglass reinforced epoxy matrix composite was used to predict Langevin parameters quantifying architectural drift and material variability. The predicted Langevin parameters were consistent with moderate architectural drift (Langevin drift parameter of 0.04 ± 0.02) and moderate material variability (Langevin variability parameter of 0.05 ± 0.03). These Langevin parameters were then used to predict a family of crack paths exhibiting the same stochastic characteristics as the original crack path. Architectural drift was qualitatively related to the orientation of the reinforcing phase. A strong correlation between the predicted and experimental crack path suggests the utility of the Langevin model to quantify crack paths.
Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis and lavage for the treatment of closed lock: a follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis and lavage, first described in the North American literature in 1991, is a simplified method used for the treatment of severe, limited mouth opening. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of this technique as a treatment for closed lock of the TMJ. DESIGN: Forty-six patients with persistent closed lock of the TMJ of acute onset were treated by TMJ arthrocentesis and lavage with manipulation in an out-patient setting. Clinical data was collected in the form of visual analogue scales for pain and chewing ability, and measurements of maximum mandibular opening before and after treatment. RESULTS: On follow-up ranging from 6 to 30 months, jaw opening and mandibular function had significantly improved (p < 0.001), and pain had substantially decreased in all but one patient as a result of this procedure. CONCLUSION: TMJ arthrocentesis and lavage is recommended as a simple alternative to more invasive TMJ procedures as an effective technique for the treatment of acute persistent closed lock of the TMJ.
Interactions between the polar ionosphere and thermosphere

The temperature, composition and circulation of the ionosphere and thermosphere in the polar regions are closely coupled and display a marked variation with altitude, latitude, longitude, universal time, season, solar cycle, and geomagnetic activity. To a large degree, this variation is a consequence of the effect that magnetospheric electric fields, particle precipitation, and heat flows have on the ionosphere-thermosphere system. These magnetospheric processes act to produce ionospheric hot spots, plasma blobs, localized ionization troughs, extended tongues of ionization and ion composition changes. These ionospheric features then affect the thermosphere because of ion-neutral momentum and energy coupling. The resulting interactions act to modify the thermospheric circulation, composition, and temperature, and this, in turn, affects the ionosphere. However, there are significant time delays associated with the various interactions. These and other results are reviewed.
Integrated headgear for the future force warrior: results of the first field evaluations

The development of an advanced ground soldier's integrated headgear system for the Army's Future Force Warrior Program passed a major milestone during 2006. Field testing of functional headgear systems by small combat units demonstrated that the headgear capabilities were mature enough to move beyond the advanced technology demonstration (ATD) phase. This paper will describe the final system with test results from the three field exercises and will address the strengths and weaknesses of the headgear system features, head mounted sensors, displays and sensor fusion.
Environmental influences on respirable dust production from agricultural operations in California

Abstract Agricultural operations may contribute to the respirable dust (RD) that affects the air quality of California's Central Valley. In order to minimize RD production, it is necessary to understand the role of two of the more important variables that influence RD production, soil water content and air temperature. Personal cyclone samplers were mounted on agricultural implements used in farming operations over two years to capture ⩽4 μm aerodynamic-diameter RD particles. For cultivation operations under widely different environmental conditions, RD concentration decreased as a power function as soil water content increased between 2 and 14% and increased linearly as air temperature increased. Similar results were found for an experiment with a land plane when samples were collected at 126, 156, 186, 216, 246, and 276 cm above the soil surface with either soil water content or air temperature held constant. For some cultivation operations, RD increased as a power function of air temperature between 7 and 24°C. For a loam surface horizon at one sample site, RD concentration increased 2–5 times at 34°C compared to 18.6°C.
Line-following using omnidirectional vision control

Mobile robotics is a broad field, and many mobile systems have been developed as forms of automated guided vehicle systems (AGVSs), on/off line teleoperator systems such as remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs), personal mobile robots, and experimental mobile robots. Navigation and motion control are the key elements required for safe, reliable, and accurate operation of the mobile unit. In this paper a technique for mobile robot navigation using a wide angle imaging system to follow a line is used. The sensed position information provides a basis for controlling the motion of mobile robot by comparing the current position to the desired position to determine range and bearing correction signals for the robot motor controllers. These positions are along a predetermined path. Ultrasonic sensors are also used to avoid obstacles.
Mobility tracking and prediction for wireless infrared LANs

Wireless infrared communication systems are attracting interest for high-data-rate, wireless, in-building local area networks. We investigate the use of mobility tracking and prediction for mobile users in such systems. One promising approach to achieving high data rates in such systems is to use narrowband optical systems to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. However, the angle dependency of such systems requires either tunable systems or adaptive arrays. The latency in such adaptation, if unmitigated, may cause the bit-error rate for mobile users to exceed acceptable levels, which in turn increases delay and reduces throughput. Mobility tracking and prediction can help by anticipating the required change in the adaptation parameter such as peak transmission wavelength or the angle of receiver axis. In this paper, we developed a set of terminal mobility model and movement observation model that closely represent indoor movement behavior and channel fading characteristics. Based on the established model, an extended Kalman filtering algorithm is developed which achieves efficient location tracking, shadow fading estimation and prediction of the peak-transmission wavelength of infrared radiation. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of this algorithm in line of sight configurations and prove that with efficient trajectory tracking, location and fade transparent communication channels can be built to support high data rate transmission and improve overall QoS for wireless infrared LANs.
Polymerase chain reaction amplification applied to the determination of β‐like globin gene cluster haplotypes

We report here on the application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the determination of the beta-like gene cluster haplotypes. Seven fragments containing each one of the following polymorphic sites--Xmnl 5' to the G gamma gene, HindIII in the IVSII of G gamma and A gamma gene, HincII 3' and inside the gamma gene, Hinfl 5' of the beta gene, and HpaI 3' of the beta gene--are amplified using the PCR technique. Each amplified fragment is subsequently digested with the appropriate enzyme, analyzed by electrophoresis on agarose gel containing ethidium bromide, and visualized under ultraviolet light. This technique has the advantages of rapidity, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
Ecological significance of microsatellite variation in western North American populations of Bromus tectorum

Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass or downy brome) is an exotic annual weed that is abundant in western USA. We examined variation in six microsatellite loci for 17 populations representing a range of habitats in Utah, Idaho, Nevada and Colorado (USA) and then intensively sampled four representative populations, for a total sample size of approximately 1000 individuals. All loci were homozygous, indicating that the species is strongly selfing. Populations consisted of a few common genotypes and variable numbers of rare genotypes. Small sample sizes ( n = 10 individuals) were adequate for distinguishing among populations, but larger sample sizes were needed to characterize more diverse populations, particularly in terms of genotype. Large populations contained more genetic diversity than small populations in terms of both number of alleles per locus and number of genotypes. Genetic distance among survey populations was much more strongly correlated with ecological distance (habitat) than with geographical distance, and was also strongly correlated with a suite of adaptively significant seed germination traits. This suggests that similar habitats across the range of B. tectorum in western USA select for specific self-pollinating lines from an array of widely distributed genotypes. Because all traits are effectively linked in this selfing organism, the distribution of adaptively significant genetic variation can be successfully inferred from an examination of microsatellite marker variation.
Indocyanine green kinetics characterize blood volume and flow distribution and their alteration by propranolol.

Background and Objectives Although indocyanine green can be used to estimate cardiac output and blood volume independently, a recirculatory multicompartmental indocyanine green model enables description of these and additional intravascular events. Our model was used to describe the effect of propranolol on blood volume and flow distribution in humans. Methods Indocyanine green disposition was determined twice in four healthy adult men, once during a propranolol infusion that decreased cardiac output. After injection of indocyanine green, arterial blood was collected frequently for 2 minutes and less frequently thereafter. Plasma indocyanine green concentrations were measured by HPLC. The recirculatory pharmacokinetic model incorporates data from both the initial transient oscillations and the later post-mixing portions of the blood indocyanine green concentration versus time curves to characterize not only blood volume and cardiac output but also their distribution among a central blood volume and fast and slow peripheral volumes in lumped parallel circuits. Flow through the central circulation (cardiac output) is described by two parallel Erlang distribution functions generated by two linear chains of compartments in parallel. Results Propranolol reduced cardiac output from 10.6 to 4.1 L/min. Most of the decrease in cardiac output was at the expense of blood flow to the fast peripheral circuit, which represented nonsplanchnic circulation. Propranolol also reduced the blood volume of the fast peripheral circuit by more than half. Conclusion Our indocyanine green model is able to derive estimates of blood volume and cardiac output, as well as their systemic distribution during different physiologic conditions. (Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;67:342-50.) Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2000) 67, 342–350; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.104945
Associations Among Supportive Coparenting, Father Engagement and Attachment: The Role of Race/Ethnicity

The present study examined the longitudinal associations among supportive coparenting and father engagement during infancy and mother–child attachment in toddlerhood within an at-risk sample (N = 1371). Of particular interest was whether these associations were moderated by race/ethnicity. Mothers reported on coparenting and father engagement during the 1-year interview and mother–child attachment was assessed using the Toddler Attachment Sort-39 at age three during the in-home visit. Findings suggest that supportive coparenting was significantly associated with higher levels of father engagement and more secure mother–child attachment relationship for both white and minority families. In addition, race/ethnicity moderated the link between supportive coparenting and father engagement such that the link was stronger among white families compared to minority families. Results highlight the significance of coparenting for father engagement and the mother–child attachment relationship. The implications of these findings are discussed for interventions targeting coparenting and positive paternal engagement among at-risk children.
Mechanisms Regulating Sexual Activity in Mammals

In most species the female is receptive to the sexual advances of the male only during a short period of each ovulation cycle, termed estrus. If the ovaries are removed from the female while she is in heat she becomes non receptive within a few hours and remains non receptive to the males sexual advances thereafter. Although some measure of receptivity can usually be produced in the castrate animal by estrogen treatment alone, in many species a pattern of receptivity which approximates that found in the intact animal in natural heat can be induced only by sequential treatment with estrogen followed by progesterone. This was established for guinea pig, rat, mouse, hamster, cow. (Young, 1961) Sexual receptivity in the female is a rather passive response-acceptance of the male. The female stops running and presents the perianal region in such a manner that intromission of the penis in the vaginal canal is possible. This posture is termed lordosis. It is one of the most easily quantifiable measures of female receptivity. Beach in 1944 provided a basis for comparison when he introduced the term copulatory quotient which he defined as the number of lordosis responses divided by the number of times the female was mounted by the male multiplied by 100.
Novel magnetic surface anisotropies and critical behavior of Tb(0001)/W(110) films

Abstract Uncoated, epitaxial films of Tb(0001)/W(110) are grown, and their magnetic properties are studied using electron capture spectroscopy. The topmost layer orders ferromagnetically below a surface Curie temperature T Cs =249.96±0.02 K , which lies above both the bulk Curie and Neel temperatures T Cb =220 K and T Nb =228 K , respectively and the surface magnetization exhibits strongly non-monotomic behavior close to 245 K. Novel critical behavior is observed near T Cs , suggesting strong surface anisotropies, in accord with a recently predicted but previously unobserved surface phase transition.
Hydrogen generation and separation using Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9−δ–Gd0.08Sr0.88Ti0.95Al0.05O3±δ mixed ionic and electronic conducting membranes

Abstract Decomposition of steam under a chemical driving force at moderate temperatures offers a simple and economical way to generate hydrogen. A significant amount of hydrogen can be generated and separated by splitting steam and removing the oxygen using Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9−δ (GDC)–Gd0.08Sr0.88Ti0.95Al0.05O3±δ (GSTA) mixed oxygen ionic and electronic conducting membranes. Hydrogen generation experiments for the self-supported thick membranes and porous supported thin membranes were conducted at different oxygen partial pressure gradients across the membrane established using H2–H2O mixture gas. Experimental results indicate that the hydrogen generation from steam using GDC–GSTA MIEC membranes at elevated temperatures is mainly controlled by the bulk diffusion of oxygen for the self-supported thick membranes, while the permeation process for the porous supported thin membranes is mixed controlled, i.e. the hydrogen generation/oxygen permeation process is controlled by the surface exchange reactions and bulk diffusion of oxygen through the MIEC membrane. A mathematical model for the calculation of the area specific hydrogen generation rate is proposed in this paper based on the measured oxygen partial pressures, gas compositions, and gas flow rates of the inlet and outlet gases on feed side of the membrane, as well as the permeation area of the membrane.
Monitoring Beach Renourishment along the Sediment-Starved Shoreline of Grand Strand, South Carolina

Abstract In this paper, we examine temporal and spatial beach profile volume changes, sediment budget changes, and side-scan sonar images at nourished beaches of northeastern South Carolina. Results of bulk volume change indicate that most sands eroded from the subaerial beach section remain and circulate within the coastal system. The results also indicate more active sediment exchange between the nearshore and offshore zones than expected, indicating that the offshore can be both a sink and a source for the nearshore morphologic change. Our profile volume change results do not show a unidirectional net southerly transport pattern in the study area during the initial postnourishment period. Instead, results show that the net downdrift direction alternates along the shore and that longshore volume drift patterns are often disrupted by the seaward cross-shore transport events that occur at erosional hotspots. Prenourishment erosional patterns, particularly local areas of elevated erosion rates, were re-est...
Free radical cyclization approach to a functionalized [3] peristylane

Abstract A nine-step synthesis, starting from the readily available bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,5-dione (19a), has provided access to a hydroxyl-substituted [3]peristylane. Furthermore, the disubstituted nature of peristylane 24 causes it to be the first chiral member of this compound class to be synthesized. The featured ring closure step that leads to 24 provides an especially stringent test of cyclohexanol ring construction via addition of a carbon-centered radical onto a carbonyl group. The precursor to 24 already contains a cyclopropane ring in its structure and the cyclization actually sets a rim bond in place. The three-membered ring was elaborated efficiently through deployment of the oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement. It is expected that this particular approach to hemispherical molecular construction will have application in numerous other related synthetic undertakings.
Development of contralateral suppression of the VIIIth nerve compound action potential (CAP) in the Mongolian gerbil

Abstract We studied whether same-frequency contralateral tones of 65 dB pSPL (peak Sound Pressure Level) suppress the VIIIth nerve compound action potential (CAP) evoked by 40–45 dB pSPL tone pips in the Mongolian gerbil from 22 to 92 days after birth (DAB). The primary stimuli were tone pips of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 kHz; only the 1 kHz CAP amplitude was suppressed significantly by tones of the same frequency. The suppression was seen at 22 DAB, and underwent little relative change with development.