cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gambling among lottery winners: Before and after the big score

The proliferation of state lotteries raises the possibility of increasing pathological gambling because large segments of the population are purchasing tickets. This study, based on a 50% response rate of million dollar winners in Ohio in 1986, indicates lottery winners spend relatively small amounts of money on tickets, did not appreciably increase the amount of money they spent on tickets after winning, and rarely engaged in other forms of gambling before or after they won. These data do not support the assumption that lotteries significantly increase the amount of compulsive gambling in our society, but the subject deserves further exploration.
Text Mining Improves Prediction of Protein Functional Sites

We present an approach that integrates protein structure analysis and text mining for protein functional site prediction, called LEAP-FS (Literature Enhanced Automated Prediction of Functional Sites). The structure analysis was carried out using Dynamics Perturbation Analysis (DPA), which predicts functional sites at control points where interactions greatly perturb protein vibrations. The text mining extracts mentions of residues in the literature, and predicts that residues mentioned are functionally important. We assessed the significance of each of these methods by analyzing their performance in finding known functional sites (specifically, small-molecule binding sites and catalytic sites) in about 100,000 publicly available protein structures. The DPA predictions recapitulated many of the functional site annotations and preferentially recovered binding sites annotated as biologically relevant vs. those annotated as potentially spurious. The text-based predictions were also substantially supported by the functional site annotations: compared to other residues, residues mentioned in text were roughly six times more likely to be found in a functional site. The overlap of predictions with annotations improved when the text-based and structure-based methods agreed. Our analysis also yielded new high-quality predictions of many functional site residues that were not catalogued in the curated data sources we inspected. We conclude that both DPA and text mining independently provide valuable high-throughput protein functional site predictions, and that integrating the two methods using LEAP-FS further improves the quality of these predictions.
The art gallery theorem for simple polygons in terms of the number of reflex and convex vertices

We present an art gallery theorem for simple polygons having n vertices in terms of the number, r, of reflex vertices and the number, c, of convex vertices (n=r+c). Tight combinatorial bounds have previously been shown when 0==5c-12. We give a lower bound construction that matches the @?n3@? sufficiency condition from the traditional art gallery theorem when @?c2@?=3.
A developmental view of a gifted child's social and emotional adjustment

This case study provides an in‐depth exploration of a family's experiences in raising a gifted child and their concern with his social and emotional adjustment. The intent of this article is to demonstrate this child's early difficulties in adjustment and to describe the changes that occurred which enhanced his self‐ esteem and made his adjustment less compromising. Although social and emotional difficulties have not disappeared magically, the severity has decreased. The family, the child, and school personnel are optimistic regarding further gains in the child's social and emotional adjustment.
Contiguity to male fetuses influences ano-genital distance and time of vaginal opening in mice.

Abstract Female mice located in utero adjacent to 2 male fetuses had longer ano-genital distances and exhibited vaginal opening later than did females proximate to no male fetuses. Females adjacent to one male fetus were intermediate on both measures.
Eutectic formation in the Ni-Al system

Abstract Directional solidification studies have been carried out on Ni-Al alloys at the eutectic and at off-eutectic compositions. This system has a peritectic reaction at a composition and temperature very close to the eutectic reaction and hence three different solid phases β, γ, and γ′, can form from the liquid at near the same temperature. Apparently, as a result of this fact, several very unusual types of coupled eutectic growth structures were found in this system. Both the equilibrium eutectic, β + γ′ and a metastable eutectic, β + γ, form in this system under just slightly different conditions. In addition, at low volume fractions of the β phase an unusual form of rod eutectic forms. In this structure β rods are arrayed around the cell boundaries of γ′ cells with a spacing along the cell boundaries that matches the spacing for the normal rod eutectic that occurs as close packed arrays at higher volume fractions of β. This eutectic is confined to the γ′ cell boundaries and may be called a cell boundary eutectic. A second type of cell boundary eutectic was observed which is a metastable β + γ eutectic. Here the eutectic is made up of alternating blades of the β and γ phases along the cell boundaries of γ′ cells. The spacing versus solidification rate of the various eutectic structures are measured and analyzed with reference to the Jackson-Hunt theory of coupled eutectic growth.
Effective action and soft supersymmetry breaking for intersecting D-brane models

Abstract We consider a generic scenario of spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry in the hidden sector within N =1 supersymmetric orientifold compactifications of type II string theories with D-branes that support semi-realistic chiral gauge theories. The soft breaking terms in the visible sector of the models are computed in a standard way without specifying the breaking mechanism, which leads to expressions that generalize those formerly known for heterotic or type I string models. The elements of the effective tree level supergravity action relevant for this, such as the Kahler metric for the matter fields, the superpotential of the visible sector and the gauge kinetic functions, are specified by dimensional reduction and duality arguments. As phenomenological applications we argue that gauge coupling unification can only occur in special regions of the moduli space; we show that flavor changing neutral currents can be suppressed sufficiently for a wide range of parameters, and we briefly address the issues of CP violation, electric dipole moments and dark matter, as well.
Older adults who are at risk of driving under the influence: A latent class analysis.

Despite increasing rates of substance use among older adults, their risk of driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs (DUI) has received scant research attention. This study identified DUI risk profiles among individuals aged 50+ years based on their substance use patterns, previous DUI incidents, and previous arrests. This study's analytic sample of 11,188 individuals came from the public use data sets of the 2008 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Latent class analysis identified a 4-class model as the most parsimonious. Class 1 (63% of the analytic sample; lowest risk group) exhibited the lowest probabilities of substance use and trouble with law while Class 4 (9% of the sample; highest risk group) included binge/heavy drinkers who are also likely to use illicit drugs and had the highest probabilities of self-reported DUI and previous arrests. Class 2 (18.5%) and Class 3 (9.5%) exhibited low-to-medium DUI risks. Class 4 had the highest proportions of Blacks and divorced or never married persons and had lowest education and income, poorest self-rated health, and highest rates of mental health problems of all classes. Screening for substance abuse and comorbid mental health conditions should be included in protocols for assessing older adults' driving safety. More effort is also needed to improve access to substance abuse treatment and address mental health problems among older adults at high risk for DUI. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Compounds from leaves of bay (Laurus nobilis L.) as repellents for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) when added to wheat flour

Fifteen volatile compounds found in bay leaves and crushed bay leaves, were tested as repellents against adults of Tribolium castaneum when added to wheat flour. Bay leaves were repellent as were three compounds, benzaldehyde, piperidine, and geraniol when present at 50 ppm. Alpha pinene showed attractant properties.
Delivering better water quality: Rethinking storm water management

Traditional storm water management practices have historically been designed around a drainage system's ability to quickly convey a storm's peak flow by using detention structures to detain and release runoff at rates that did not exceed predevelopment peak flow rates. Within such practices downstream property is supposed to be protected from storm water flooding by controlling the rate of runoff discharged to streams and water bodies, but often fails to address runoff quality or runoff volume. Increasingly of concern and under scrutiny is what happens when rain water hits ground surfaces. This paper will examine how water quality and run off damage is best controlled and most economically achieved if storm water management starts at the point that water contacts the earth. Specific water harvesting strategies suitable as retrofit elements for existing commercial buildings and adjacent landscapes will be investigated. Case study examples from the Farmingdale State College campus will depict how surface runoff from roofs and parking lots can be harnessed for groundwater recharge and withdrawal - irrigation and ornamental features.
Working memory in young rats with lesions to the “general learning system”

Young rats with certain lesions to the caudatoputamen, globus pallidus, ventrolateral thalamus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, superior colliculus, median raphe, or pontine reticular formation have previously been reported to be deficient in learning a broad range of laboratory tasks. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether young rats with similarly placed lesions (or with dorsal hippocampal lesions) would manifest a working-memory deficit on a variant of a spatial delayed-response task, and whether the degree of any such impairment would correlate with an independent assessment of learning ability (as gauged by performance on a visual-discrimination habit and a series of detour problem-solving tasks). Although all nine brain-damaged groups were inferior to sham-operated controls in acquiring the discrimination and detour problems, only six groups (those with lesions to the caudatoputamen, ventrolateral thalamus, ventral tegmental area, median raphe, pontine reticular formation, and dorsal hippocampus) were significantly impaired in their performance of the working-memory task. All correlations between the various performance scores were positive, but none exceeded.32. These results, together with others obtained from rats with similarly placed subcortical lesions, are discussed in terms of certain cognitive theories of intelligence and mental retardation.
Distribution of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine [cyclo (His-Pro)] and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the primate central nervous system.

Abstract The concentrations of cyclo (His-Pro) and its precursor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in 47 different loci of monkey brain using specific radioimmunoassays. Cyclo (His-Pro) concentrations were higher than those of TRH in all loci excepting the hypothalamus, where TRH concentration was found to be the highest of all the loci and twice those of cyclo (His-Pro). The high levels of cyclo (His-Pro) were seen within the cerebellar system (inferior olivary nucleus>nucleus interpositus>fastigial nucleus>posterior vermis). The great variations in TRH-cyclo (His-Pro) ratios among different loci suggest that other factors in addition to TRH concentration must play roles in determining the unique distribution pattern of cyclo (His-Pro) in the primate brain.
Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries

Abstract To determine the mechanisms of the cardiac arrhythmias frequently seen after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, intracardiac electrophysiologic studies were performed in 52 children 1 to 8 years after the Mustard operation. Sinus nodal automaticity as judged from the response to rapid atrial pacing was abnormal in 28 of the 52 children. Sinoatrial conduction (conduction of the sinus impulse to the atrium) was found to be abnormal in three of nine patients studied with the atrial extrastimulus method. Conduction of the sinus impulse from the high right atrium to the atrioventricular (A-V) node was abnormally delayed in only 2 of 41 subjects. The low lateral wall of the right atrium was depolarlzed late in 3 of 11 subjects (including the preceding 2). Two subjects showed delayed A-V nodal conduction and one delayed His-Purkinje conduction. The mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia induced in the laboratory was determined to be sinoatrial nodal reentry in four subjects and atrial muscle reentry in four. Two of the four with atrial muscle reentry had prolonged high right atrium to low lateral right atrium intervals during sinus rhythm. Thus, damage to the sinus node remains the most common cause of arrhythmias after the Mustard operation. In addition, delayed atrial conduction may predispose to atrial muscle reentrant tachycardia.
A spreading activation theory of memory.

The ACT theory of factual memory is presented. According to this theory, information is encoded in an all-or-none manner into cognitive units and the strength of these units increases with practice and decays with delay. The essential process to memory performance is the retrieval operation. It is proposed that the cognitive units form an interconnected network and that retrieval is performed by spreading activation throughout the network. Level of activation in the network determines rate and probability of recall. With these assumptions in place, the ACT theory is shown to predict interference results in memory, judgements of associative relatedness, impact of extensive practice on memory, the differences between recognition and recall, effects of elaborative processing, and effects of reconstructive recall.
Prediction of flow patterns in horizontal two-phase pipe flow

A new concept of a sequence of plots is used for the separation of flow regimes in two-phase flow. The empirical correlations themselves are based on extensive tabulations of flow-type data from the AGA-API Data Bank. Provided these data and the tabulations are accurate, the accuracy of the proposed method is better than 5%. The accuracy for any separation can easily be obtained from the information given. The probability of being able to separate flow types by the various correlations was determined and used to select the best correlations. In actual use, there will be times when a complete separation cannot be made. However, one will know this and be able to say that the flow is one of two or, rarely, more types. On utilise un nouveau concept de serie de representations graphiques pour separer des regimes d'ecoulement en un ecoulement a deux phases. Les correlations empiriques elles -měmes sont basees sur une mise en tableaux etendue des resultats relatifs a l'ecoulement provenant de la Banque de Donnees AGA-API. En supposant que les dites donnees et les resultats sur tableaux sont exacts, la precision de la methode proposee excede 5%. On peut aussi determiner facilement la precision de n'importe quelle separation a partir des renseignements donnees. On a etabli la probabilite de pouvoir separer divers genres d'ecoulement, au moyen des differentes correlations et l'a utilisee pour choisir les meilleures correlations. En pratique, il y aura certains cas, ou l'on ne pourra effectuer une separation complete; on le saura, toutefois, et pourra dire que l'ecoulement consiste en un genre ou deux et měme davantage.
In organello formaldehyde crosslinking of proteins to mtDNA: identification of bifunctional proteins.

The segregating unit of mtDNA is a protein–DNA complex called the nucleoid. In an effort to understand how nucleoid proteins contribute to mtDNA organization and inheritance, we have developed an in organello formaldehyde crosslinking procedure to identify proteins associated with mtDNA. Using highly purified mitochondria, we observed a time-dependent crosslinking of protein to mtDNA as determined by sedimentation through isopycnic cesium chloride gradients. We detected ≈20 proteins crosslinked to mtDNA and identified 11, mostly by mass spectrometry. Among them is Abf2p, an abundant, high-mobility group protein that is known to function in nucleoid morphology, and in mtDNA transactions. In addition to several other proteins with known DNA binding properties or that function in mtDNA maintenance, we identified other mtDNA-associated proteins that were not anticipated, such as the molecular chaperone Hsp60p and a Krebs cycle protein, Kgd2p. Genetic experiments indicate that hsp60-ts mutants have a petite-inducing phenotype at the permissive temperature and that a kgd2Δ mutation increases the petite-inducing phenotype of an abf2Δ mutation. Crosslinking and DNA gel shift experiments show that Hsp60p binds to single-stranded DNA with high specificity for the template strand of a putative origin of mtDNA replication. These data identify bifunctional proteins that participate in the stability of ρ+ mtDNA.
Lingual-facial-buccal movements in the elderly. I. Pathophysiology and treatment.

The syndrome of lingual-facial-buccal movements (dyskinesia) in the elderly involves the dopaminergic neuronal system and particularly the dopamine receptor sites of the corpus striatum. On the basis of experience with similar movements observed in other diseases and of the interpretation of animal studies on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior, agents that block dopamine receptor sites, e.g., chlorpromazine or haloperidol, are the treatment of choice for this syndrome. Anticholinergic drugs should not be used.
Phorbol ester promotes growth of synaptic plasticity.

Inotophoretic application of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the intact rat hippocampus enhances potentiation produced by subsequent high frequency stimulation of the perforant path. The decay of the enhanced population spike amplitude recorded in the hilar dentate gyrus was prevented in animals receiving ejections of TPA, as compared to controls which decayed to baseline values within 2 h following high frequency stimulation. In fact, growth of the potentiated response was observed beginning at 45 min. Similar results were observed with the population excitatory postsynaptic potential slope, a measure of the synaptic response. Since tumour-promoting phorbol esters are known to translocate and activate protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC is translocated to the membrane following hippocampal potentiation, a role for membrane-associated PKC in the regulation of synaptic plasticity is suggested.
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Sleep-related breathing disorders are a heterogeneous group of conditions that may be associated with alterations in the structure of sleep, in sleep quality, and in gas exchange during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea represents the most frequent cause of sleep-related breathing disorders, which encompass a diversity of conditions that either complicate coexisting disease or present as primary disorders. Many of these disorders have consequences during both sleep and wakefulness and may produce substantial burden of symptoms and disease in untreated individuals.
The new tungsten-filament lamp standards of total irradiance.

The National Bureau of Standards standard of total irradiance as presently issued in the form of a 50-W carbon filament lamp was originally calibrated more than fifty years ago. Recently, needs for higher accuracy and wider ranges of total irradiance have necessitated the setting up of three sizes (100 W, 500 W, and 1000 W) of tungsten-filament lamp standards of total irradiance. These standards operate at a higher temperature than was possible with the carbon-filament lamps, and are shielded, except for a narrow area of the bulb in front of the filament, so the reception of long wavelength flux from the lamps is reduced to a minimum. The new lamps were calibrated by the use of a blackbody at a known temperature together with a quartz plate whose spectral transmittance was accurately determined. The quartz plate limits the flux received from the blackbody to the spectral region below about 4.5 μ and thus reduces errors resulting from water vapor absorption at 6 μ and longer wavelengths. Comparisons show the new standards to be in close agreement with the carbon-filament lamp standard.
Molecular biology of class 5 outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis.

Synthese des travaux effectues sur l'etude des differents mecanismes genetiques controlant les variabilites dans l'expression et la structure de composes de surface de Neisseria meningiti: les proteines de classe 5. Ces composes de surface presentent une heterogeneite intersouche et a l'interieur d'une souche donnee
A method for the preservation of human blood group erythrocyte antigens in liquid nitrogen for a test cell panel.

. A modification of Krijnen's cryopreservation method, using low intracellular concentrations of 17.5% glycerol and extracellular 4% sorbitol as additives, has been developed for liquid nitrogen freezing of small volumes of erythrocytes for a test cell panel. A technique for their subsequent successful storage in sterile, dextrose-electrolyte maintenance solution (CP-2) at 4°C after recovery is presented. By these procedures, the mean recovery of red cells after lytic losses from freezing and thawing injury was 94.1%. The manipulations involved in transferring, mixing and resuspending the red cells removed an additional 11.1–16.2%, resulting in an overall recovery of 80.5% for serologic tests. Less than 3% of the cells exhibited cumulative lysis at seven days maintenance in CP-2 solution at 4°C, and the blood group antigens examined remained as potent as those in sterile, fresh ACD blood.
Micro-thermoelectric cooler: interfacial effects on thermal and electrical transport

Abstract The flows of heat and electricity in a column-type micro-thermoelectric cooler are analyzed by modeling the various interfacial resistances. Electron (barrier tunneling) and phonon (diffuse mismatch) boundary resistances at the thermoelectric/metal interface, and thermal non-equilibrium between electrons and phonons adjacent to this interface (cooling length), increase the thermal conduction resistance and decrease the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric elements. These in turn reduce the device cooling performance, which is also affected by the thermal and electrical contact resistances at the thermoelectric/metal and metal/electrical-insulator interfaces. To produce a temperature drop of 10 K with a cooling load of 10 mW, the optimum number of thermoelement pairs, operating current, and coefficient of performance, based on vapor deposited 4 μm thick films of Bi 2 Te 3 and Sb 2 Te 3 , are predicted for a micro-thermoelectric cooler operating with a 3 V battery.
Handgun Ownership and the Religion Factor

This article addresses the relationship between religious affiliation and a very specific form of firearms ownership, that is, handgun ownership. Literature is reviewed relative to explanations of gun ownership. A test of the hypothesized relationship between religious affiliation and handgun ownership demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.03) association. Protestants were found to have a disproportionately high level of handgun ownership compared to other religious groups. Speculation for this finding is reviewed relative to other recent research on this topic.
Detecting disorder in spatial vision.

In normal foveal vision, visual space is accurately mapped from retina to cortex. However, the normal periphery, and the central field of strabismic amblyopes have elevated position discrimination thresholds, which have often been ascribed to increased ‘intrinsic’ spatial disorder. In the present study we evaluated the sensitivity of the human visual system (both normal and amblyopic) to spatial disorder, and asked whether there is increased ‘intrinsic’ topographical disorder in the amblyopic visual system. Specifically, we measured thresholds for detecting disorder (two-dimensional Gaussian position perturbations) either in a horizontal string of N equally spaced samples (Gabor patches), or in a ring of equally spaced samples over a wide range of feature separations. We also estimated both the ‘equivalent intrinsic spatial disorder’ and sampling efficiency using an equivalent noise approach. Our results suggest that both thresholds for detecting disorder, and equivalent intrinsic disorder depend strongly on separation, and are modestly increased in strabismic amblyopes. Strabismic amblyopes also show markedly reduced sampling efficiency. However, neither amblyopic nor peripheral vision performs like ideal or human observers with added separation-independent positional noise. Rather, the strong separation dependence suggests that the ‘equivalent intrinsic disorder’ may not reflect topographic disorder at all, but rather may reflect an abnormality in the amblyopes’ Weber relationship. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gender and Cultural Consecration in Popular Music

This research examines the gendered nature of cultural legitimacy and consecration in popular music. We explore two related questions. First, which factors affect the likelihood that female performers achieve consecrated status? Second, how are those decisions discursively legitimated? Using a mixed-methods research design, we find that in both direct and indirect ways, gender significantly shapes a performer's likelihood of consecration, leaving female artists at a disadvantage in this process. Moreover, the discursive strategies employed to justify artists' inclusion among the all-time greats are shaped by existing cultural frameworks about art and gender, limiting in more subtle and indirect ways the amount and type of legitimacy that female artists can accrue.
Commitment in Organizations: A Normative View

A model of work attitudes, distinguishing between normative and instrumental processes as behavioral determinants, serves as the framework within which commitment is conceptualized. Commitment is defined as the totality of internalized normative pressures to act in a way that meets organizational interests. Organizational identification and generalized values of loyalty and duty are viewed as its immediate determinants. Thus commitment can be influenced by both personal predispositions and organizational interventions. The role of recruitment, selection, and socialization in affecting members' commitment is discussed.
Early Administration of Infliximab for Severe Ipilimumab-Related Diarrhea in a Critically Ill Patient

Objective: To report a case of ipilimumab-associated life-threatening diarrhea responding quickly to a single dose of infliximab. Case Summary: A 67-year-old man presented 3 weeks after his second dose of ipilimumab with severe diarrhea, acute kidney injury, and hypotension. After 2 days of high-dose corticosteroids and supportive care, he continued to have 2.8 L of stool output per day (grade 4 National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). The patient was transferred to the medical intensive care unit requiring endotracheal intubation because of concerns of worsening mental status, metabolic acidosis, and increased work of breathing, with a serum bicarbonate concentration of <5 mmol/L. Despite aggressive fluid resuscitation and a sodium bicarbonate infusion, he remained hypotensive and hyponatremic with persistent premature ventricular contractions. On the evening of day 3, infliximab (5 mg/kg) was given, resulting in a rapid decrease in diarrhea. After 48 hours, the acidosis...
In situ infrared study of oxidative carbonylation of aniline with methanol on Cu-based catalysts

Oxidative carbonylation of amines with alcohols provides an environmentally benign pathway to isocyanates and carbamates. Currently, the most active catalysts for the oxidative carbonylation of aniline with methanol are Pd-based catalysts. To further improve the economic feasibility of the carbamate synthesis process, we have investigated the activity of CuCl2–NaI, CuCl2–NaCl, and CuCl–NaI at 438 K and 0.41 MPa by in situ infrared spectroscopy. The activity of the catalysts for carbamate synthesis increased in the order: CuCl2–NaCl < CuCl–NaI < CuCl2–NaI. The presence of promoter (i.e., NaI or NaCl) in the reactant–catalyst mixture is essential to promote carbamate synthesis. The formation of by-product, CO2, can be suppressed by the sequential addition of NaI to CO/O2/methanol/aniline/CuCl2. Transient profiles of reactants/products obtained from in situ infrared spectroscopic studies revealed that CO2 and carbamate were formed via two independent pathways. The infrared observation of a Cu0(CO)2 species and O2 participation in carbamate synthesis suggest that the carbamate synthesis reaction involves a redox cycle of Cu0/CuII.
Poplar maintains zinc homeostasis with heavy metal genes HMA4 and PCS1

Perennial woody species, such as poplar (Populus spp.) must acquire necessary heavy metals like zinc (Zn) while avoiding potential toxicity. Poplar contains genes with sequence homology to genes HMA4 and PCS1 from other species which are involved in heavy metal regulation. While basic genomic conservation exists, poplar does not have a hyperaccumulating phenotype. Poplar has a common indicator phenotype in which heavy metal accumulation is proportional to environmental concentrations but excesses are prevented. Phenotype is partly affected by regulation of HMA4 and PCS1 transcriptional abundance. Wild-type poplar down-regulates several transcripts in its Zn-interacting pathway at high Zn levels. Also, overexpressed PtHMA4 and PtPCS1 genes result in varying Zn phenotypes in poplar; specifically, there is a doubling of Zn accumulation in leaf tissues in an overexpressed PtPCS1 line. The genomic complement and regulation of poplar highlighted in this study supports a role of HMA4 and PCS1 in Zn regulation dictating its phenotype. These genes can be altered in poplar to change its interaction with Zn. However, other poplar genes in the surrounding pathway may maintain the phenotype by inhibiting drastic changes in heavy metal accumulation with a single gene transformation.
Vulnerabilities for Abuse Among Women with Disabilities

Research findings reveal that women with disabilities experience rates of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse that are comparable to, if not greater than, women without disabilities. Disability specialists propose that women with disabilities experience specific vulnerabilities to abuse. The question in the present study was, “What types of abuse experienced by women with physical disabilities are directly related to their disability?” Of the 504 women with disabilities who responded to a questionnaire assessing sexuality and relationships, 181 of the women completed open-ended questions about abuse. Using qualitative techniques, we analyzed their responses and identified disability-specific types of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Certain disability-related settings increased vulnerability for abuse. The need for personal assistance with daily living created additional vulnerability. We conclude that disability is not a protective factor against abuse; indeed, it often serves to reduce a woman's emotional and physical defenses. These findings indicate a need for the development of disability-sensitive abuse screening instruments, and development and testing of interventions to assist women with disabilities in recognizing abuse, protecting themselves in abusive situations, and removing themselves from potentially abusive relationships and situations.
Effects of West African Air Humidity on Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature

Simple models of both the atmospheric and oceanic sides of the ocean/atmosphere boundary are used to model the air specific humidity over the tropical Atlantic. It is shown that most of the climatological patterns of specific humidity can be reproduced with these fairly simple models.
Nutrition interventions for people with disabilities: a scoping review.

Abstract Background Approximately 19 percent of Americans have a disability. People with disabilities are at greater risk for obesity and poor nutrition, as well as resulting secondary conditions. CDC recommends interventions for this population to address this disparity. Objective The purpose of this article is to present the results of a scoping review of studies pertaining to community-based nutrition interventions among adults with disabilities. Methods Electronic databases were searched to discover articles pertaining to community-based nutrition interventions for people with disabilities. Results Sixteen journal articles published between 2002 and 2012 were reviewed. The reviewed community based nutrition interventions for adults with disabilities showed some success in improving health outcomes. Conclusions There is a need for future research, particularly interventions with objective outcome measures and including people with disabilities throughout the development and implementation of programs.
The Origin of Invasive Microorganisms Matters for Science, Policy, and Management: The Case of Didymosphenia geminata

The value of distinguishing native from nonnative invasive species has recently been questioned. However, this dichotomy is important for understanding whether a species’ successful dominance is caused by introductions, changing environmental conditions that facilitate an existing population, or both processes. We highlight the importance of knowing the origin of hard-to-detect invasive microorganisms for scientific research, management, and policy using a case study of recent algal blooms of the stalk-producing diatom Didymosphenia geminata. Nuisance blooms have been reported in rivers worldwide and have been hastily attributed to introductions. However, evidence indicates that blooms are probably not caused by introductions but, rather, by environmental conditions that promote excessive stalk production by this historically rare species. Effective responses to invasive microorganisms depend on knowing whether their proliferation is caused by being nonnative or is the result of changing environmental conditions that promote invasive characteristics of native species.
Experiments with Rayleigh-Bénard Convection

After a brief review in the introduction of the major breakthroughs in the study of Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC) since the experiments of Henri Benard, a few selected topics are presented in more detail. The effect of on the bifurcation to convection is discussed because experimental work on this is quite recent and as yet incomplete. Examples of spatio-temporal chaos are examined because this interesting nonlinear state is as yet incompletely understood. The effect of rotation on RBC is presented because some of the experimental results disagree with modern theories.
Grounding and Supplementation

Partial grounding is often thought to be formally analogous to proper parthood in certain ways. Both relations are typically understood to be asymmetric (and hence irreflexive) and transitive, and as such, are thought to be strict partial orders. But how far does this analogy extend? Proper parthood is often said to obey the weak supplementation principle. There is reason to wonder whether partial grounding, or, more precisely, proper partial grounding, obeys a ground-theoretic version of this principle. In what follows, I argue that it does not. The cases that cause problems for the supplementation principle for grounding also serve as counterexamples to another principle, minimality, defended by Paul Audi.
An inadvertent missiologist: Edward Gibbon and the science of mission

Edward Gibbon unintentionally inaugurated the science of mission (Missionswissenschaft), when he published in 1776 the first volume of his celebrated History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Gibbon included in his groundbreaking work a new approach to mission history that emphasized social analysis and cultural change, rather than theology. Gibbon’s secular discourse on the establishment, growth and “triumph” of early Christianity over paganism is highly critical of the faith, in line with his own stance of religious skepticism, but is insightful nevertheless, as he shows how the study of mission from a sociological perspective can shed light on the social processes that often shape evangelistic outcomes. In the Decline and Fall, Gibbon also defined a style of speaking or a discourse about Christian mission that has come to dominate the secular academy today.
Trend Analysis in Harper's Bazaar

Topic modeling of fashion trends were analyzed using the MALLET toolkit. Harper’s Bazaar magazines from 1860-1899 were used (freely available online). This resulted in 20 topics with 4 characterizing words each. Trends over time were analyzed in several different ways using 100-topics and 20-topics.
The role of surgery in high-risk gestational trophoblastic disease patients

5541 Background: A survival rate of 81% has been reported in high-risk gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) patients (pts) treated with multi-agent chemotherapy. We describe the surgical managem...
Performance Feedback Model and Moderating Effect of Strategic Frames

We incorporate the managerial cognition to performance feedback model in order to examine how mental model shifts attention and its effect on the consequences of performance feedback. We argue that...
DYSPNEA ON EXERTION IN A YOUNG FEMALE: PARTIAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN AS A CAUSE FOR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare congenital cardiac defect with incidence of 0.4 to 0.7% and is associated with sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD). While most cases are asymptomatic, patient can present with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and it can be difficult to diagnose.
Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties Study of Deceleration Environment Sensors for a Ribbon Parachute.

A study has been performed to quantify the uncertain performance of an environment sensing safety system which senses the unique payload trajectory environment created during parachute deployment. Models for the underlying sources of uncertainty, specifically the parachute inflation uncertainty and the uncertainty in performance of the mechanical switch sensors, have been identified and validated. DAKOTA, a Sandia-developed software package for uncertainty quantification, has been used to perform a probabalistic study of system performance, accounting for sources of uncertainty in the parachute inflation process and in the environment sensing process. This study has been performed across the payload release envelope with margins and uncertainties quantified for a critical sytem performance requirement.
Chinese buffet

Somewhere in rural America, two lonely Chinese buffets open for business. When customers begin to show up, an advertising battle ensues, and the customers soon discover that danger awaits those who over-indulge.
Cardiopulmonary bypass in the presence of uncorrected coarctation.

We performed correction of intracardiac lesions in 10 patients with coarctation. All cardiovascular lesions were corrected except coarctation. Six patients had a large left-to-right shunt though a ventricular septal defect (VSD), two patients had left ventricular outflow obstruction, two patients had mitral insufficiency, and one patient had mitral stenosis. Arterial perfusion was through the ascending aorta. Urine output was 6.0 ± 1.5 cc/kg/hr during cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no morbidity related to cardiopulmonary bypass or inadequate perfusion of the lower body, and left ventricular failure did not occur. One patient with Taussig-Bing abnormality and pulmonary vascular disease died postoperatively of right ventricular failure. Intracardiac repair with aortic perfusion in the presence of coarctation is a safe alternative to coarctation repair or combined procedures.
Rule chaining in Marvel: dynamic binding of parameters

Marvel is a software development environment that uses a rule-based model of the development process. When a user issues a command, Marvel invokes the corresponding rule and binds the rule's formal parameter to the object selected by the user. If firing the rule changes the object in a way that satisfies the conditions of other rules, Marvel automatically fires each of these rules and tries to bind their formal parameters to objects. Marvel must infer which objects to bind to the formal parameters of the rules in the chain. A problem arises when the classes of the objects manipulated by the rules are different, because Marvel has to determine which object to bind to the parameter of each rule in the chain. Recursive data definitions cause chaining between rules that act on different objects in the same class. Methods developed to address this chaining problem are discussed. >
Creatine kinase in ischemic and inflammatory disorders

The creatine/phosphocreatine pathway plays a conserved and central role in energy metabolism. Compartmentalization of specific creatine kinase enzymes permits buffering of local high energy phosphates in a thermodynamically favorable manner, enabling both rapid energy storage and energy transfer within the cell. Augmentation of this metabolic pathway by nutritional creatine supplementation has been shown to elicit beneficial effects in a number of diverse pathologies, particularly those that incur tissue ischemia, hypoxia or oxidative stress. In these settings, creatine and phosphocreatine prevent depletion of intracellular ATP and internal acidification, enhance post-ischemic recovery of protein synthesis and promote free radical scavenging and stabilization of cellular membranes. The creatine kinase energy system is itself further regulated by hypoxic signaling, highlighting the existence of endogenous mechanisms in mammals that can enhance creatine metabolism during oxygen deprivation to promote tissue resolution and homeostasis. Here, we review recent insights into the creatine kinase pathway, and provide rationale for dietary creatine supplementation in human ischemic and inflammatory pathologies.
Blind Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Increased Capacity in Cellular Communications

In this paper we describe a new cellular communication scheme, based on blind adaptive spatial filtering, for increasing spectral efficiency relative to existing and proposed systems. Depending on propagation conditions and the number of antennas in the array, between 2 and 64 times as many users can be accommodated as in existing and proposed systems. In this scheme, an antenna array at the base station is very rapidly adapted to separate spectrally overlapping (but individually bandwidth-efficient) signals received from multiple users. The adapted array is also used to transmit signals to the users. Transmission and reception are time-division multiplexed with each other, and are synchronized among all users; thus, antenna arrays are not required on the mobile units for co-channel interference suppression. Conventional adaptive array schemes require training signals and thus are limited in the allowable number of antenna elements by the tradeoff between training-signal length and message capacity that must arise in the rapidly varying propagation environment typical in land mobile cellular radio. In the new scheme, the Spectral Coherence Restoral (SCORE) algorithm, which adapts the antenna array to separate the signals of different users on the basis of their different cyclostationarity properties, does not require any training signals or calibration data. It is shown that the bandwidth efficiency of the scheme can be substantially higher than that of other schemes, primarily because a large number of antennas can be used in the array at the base station, and thus a large number of users can occupy the same frequency band. The performance of the new method is evaluated in computer simulations as a function of the number of antenna elements, the number of active spectrally overlapping users, and the spatio-temporal properties of the multipath.
An Author's Response

Honored by the colleagues who celebrate Jesus ACTED UP with their reflections on the book's twentieth anniversary of publication, I respond briefly to each other them in turn. I frame my response w...
Typology of State-level Community College Governance Structures

ABSTRACTDespite having a well-documented history about community colleges across the United States, relatively few discussions have covered state-level governance structures. To understand the typology of state community college governance structures, it must first be recognized that community college governance is characterized as a complex web of relationships and arrangements that have evolved over time. There is a myriad of ways in which states can structure their higher education systems. Changes, emerging issues, and taxonomies that currently exist in the literature are becoming out-of-date and less precise. The purpose of this study was to develop a national landscape of state-level community college governance structures and to provide an updated categorization of state-level community college governance structures. This study identified common themes, patterns, and emerging developments regarding state-level community college governance. The results of this study about state-level community colle...
SENSMG: First-Order Sensitivities of Neutron Reaction Rates, Reaction-Rate Ratios, Leakage, keff, and α Using PARTISN

SENSMG is a tool for calculating the first-order sensitivities of reaction-rate ratios, keff, and α in critical problems and reaction-rate ratios, reaction rates, and leakage in fixed-source proble...