cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clonal heterogeneity of the sensitivity of human colon carcinoma cell lines to TGFβ isoforms

Spontaneously arising, TGF beta 1-resistant colonies were isolated directly from the soft agarose plates of MOSER human colon carcinoma cells grown in the presence of TGF beta 1 but in the absence of serum. The colonies were cloned by limiting dilution and screened in a monolayer proliferation assay for sensitivity to TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 isoforms. Cell clones selectively sensitive or resistant to these isoforms in the growth inhibition assay displayed similar differential sensitivities to TGF beta isoforms for production of the extracellular matrix proteins laminin and fibronectin, as well as for the expression of the colon cell differentiation marker carcinoembryonic antigen. Differential receptor binding profiles for TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 were observed among the clones. The isolation of cell clones selectively resistant or sensitive to TGF beta isoforms as well as the identification of differential receptor binding profiles among the clones indicate the heterogeneity of TGF beta responsiveness that exists naturally in human colon tumor cells and stress the importance of defining mechanisms underlying differential responsiveness to TGF beta isoforms.
A framework for web-based product data management using J2EE

Because eManufacturing is motivated by the emerging need for distant collaborative design required among R&D centres and manufacturers of global-based enterprises, web-based product data management becomes an essential tool for realising the technology. In this paper, the design of a web-basedproductdatamanagement (WPDM) system is presented. The developed WPDM is aimed at achieving the goal of eManufacturing by providing an effective tool for product database management through the Internet utilising JAVA and J2EE technologies. In our scenarios, all the involved engineering and management team members who need WPDM are inherently located dispersedly. The ultimate goal is to optimise product cycle time and upgrade a traditional PDM system to face the challenge of the new era of global business competition. Basically, the proposed WPDM is developed in such a way that it allows designers/users to create, view and manipulate product data through the World Wide Web, while founding the architecture of the web application on a three-tier client/server system. The current WPDM of our design mainly uses servlets and JSP to handle user inputs and manage and retrieve product data from the database through the JDBC driver, with the server components stored on a middleware program called Tomcat. Within this environment, all parties involved in product design and manufacture can access the WPDM log-in page with the given URL after a successful identity authorisation. Consequently, these users can create, search and/or manipulate the desired engineering data through the enabled WPDM. The WPDM developed in this work has been experimentally tested in the lab.
An approximate theory for the streaming motion past axisymmetric bodies at Reynolds numbers of from 1 to approximately 100

Abstract : The present investigation has shown to be in very good agreement with a broad spectrum of numerical Navier-Stokes solutions for the flow past smoothly contoured bodies in the intermediate Reynolds number range where the body is semi-infinite or a steady laminar wake exists. The theory can be easily applied to many boundary shapes for which published numerical Navier-Stokes solutions currently do not exist. The important fundamental contribution of the study is the improved understanding of the role and construction of the displacement body and the effect of centrifugal forces in thick viscous layers.
Ultra-High Capacity Optical Transmission Technologies for 100 Tbit/s Optical Transport Networks

This paper describes ultra-high capacity wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission technologies for 100-Tbit/s-class optical transport networks (OTNs). First, we review recent advances in ultra-high capacity transmission technologies focusing on spectrally-efficient multi-level modulation techniques and ultra-wideband optical amplification techniques. Next, we describe an ultra-high capacity WDM transmission experiment, in which high speed polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM), generated by an optical synthesis technique, in combination with coherent detection based on digital signal processing with pilotless algorithms, realize the high spectral efficiency (SE) of 6.4b/s/Hz. Furthermore, ultra-wideband hybrid optical amplification utilizing distributed Raman amplification (DRA) and C- and extended L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is shown to realize 10.8-THz total signal bandwidth. By using these techniques, 69.1-Tbit/s transmission is demonstrated over 240-km of pure silica-core fibers (PSCFs). Furthermore, we describe PDM 64-QAM transmission over 160km of PSCFs with the SE of 9.0b/s/Hz.
Subcritical crack growth in single-crystal silicon using micromachined specimens

A micromachined specimen with a test section only 150-μm thick was developed for investigating subcritical crack growth in silicon. Crack growth rates in the range 10−4–10−10 m/s were measured as a function of applied stress intensity (v–K curves) during tests in humid air and dry nitrogen lasting up to 24 h. The fracture toughness, KIc of {110} silicon was also measured at 1.15 ± 0.08 MPa m1/2. While some evidence MPa-m1/2 of subcritical crack growth appeared to occur in the region 0.9 KIc 0.98 KIc, the extremely high crack growth exponent (n 100) and the high ratio of the apparent stress corrosion threshold, KIscc, to the fracture toughness, KIscc/KIc > 0.9, suggests that no clear evidence exists for a stress corrosion process in silicon exposed to humid air.
Transferability and fine-mapping of glucose and insulin quantitative trait loci across populations: CARe, the Candidate Gene Association Resource.

Aims/hypothesis Hyperglycaemia disproportionately affects African-Americans (AfAs). We tested the transferability of 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with glycaemic traits identified in European ancestry (EuA) populations in 5,984 non-diabetic AfAs.
The impedance response of different mechanisms for LiCoO2/acetylene carbon electrodes in alkaline solutions under polarization conditions

Abstract The kinetics of LiCoO 2 electrodes with different carbon ratios in alkaline aqueous solutions was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The composition of the electrode influences the mechanism controlling the interface. The redox reactions identified by CV indicated the potential regions where the charge transfer process is the dominant mechanism. EIS in (Li 2 SO 4 + LiOH) alkaline solutions characterized different interfacial mechanisms when potential bias was applied to electrodes formed with different acetylene carbon (AC)/LiCoO 2 ratios. The different carbon/active ratios revealed different interfacial characteristics due to the cylindrical porous distribution of the composite electrode. DC and AC techniques were performed to characterize the interfacial mechanisms influenced by composite ratio, particle geometry and distribution under bias conditions. Transmission line modeling (TLM) was used to characterize the impedance signal resulting from the physical parameters influencing the mechanisms occurring at the porous composite layer/electrolyte interface. Interfacial mechanisms associated with TLM elements helped to quantitatively characterize the functionality of the different LiCoO 2 /AC ratios present in the electrode compositions. The proposed TL model was validated with the experimental data and high surface characterization, resulting in good agreement.
Full-brain auto-regressive modeling (FARM) using fMRI

In order to fully uncover the information potentially available in the fMRI signal, we model it as a multivariate auto-regressive process. To infer the model, we do not apply any form of clustering or dimensionality reduction, and solve the problem of under-determinacy using sparse regression. We find that only a few small clusters (with average size of 3–4 voxels) are useful in predicting the activity of other voxels, and demonstrate remarkable consistency within a subject as well as across multiple subjects. Moreover, we find that: (a) the areas that can predict activity of other voxels are consistent with previous results related to networks activated by the specific somatosensory task, as well as networks related to the default mode activity; (b) there is a global dynamical state dominated by two prominent (although not unique) streams, originating in the posterior parietal cortex and the posterior cingulate/precuneus cortex; (c) these streams span default mode and task-specific networks, and interact in several regions, notably the insula; and (d) the posterior cingulate is a central node of the default mode network, in terms of its ability to determine the future evolution of the rest of the nodes.
Dental caries and the fluoride content of olive oil.

RECENT investigations have shown that the fluoride content of Greek teeth from the cities of Athens and Salonika was considerably high1,2. This may explain, at least in part, the low prevalence of dental caries observed in Greece3. However, the source of fluoride intake is not known. Water alone could not have been responsible, since the fluoride content of the water supplies of Athens and Salonika has been reported to be low: 0.04 p.p.m. and 0.5 p.p.m., respectively1,2. For an explanation, the opinion was advanced that the diet of the people may include some common foods, produced and consumed in Greece, which are rich in fluoride1. It has been proposed that one such food item, which is consumed in Greece apparently in considerable amounts, is salt produced by solar evaporation of sea water4. The fluoride content of sea salt has been reported to be about 40 p.p.m.5.
Application of dynamic gain equalisation for ultra long haul transmission

The system application of new dynamic gain equalisation (DGE) technologies will be described which enable a very flat WDM spectrum to be achieved over a long amplifier chain.
Relative Contribution of Greenhouse Gases and Ozone-Depleting Substances to Temperature Trends in the Stratosphere: A Chemistry–Climate Model Study

Abstract The temperature of the stratosphere has decreased over the past several decades. Two causes contribute to that decrease: well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). This paper addresses the attribution of temperature decreases to these two causes and the implications of that attribution for the future evolution of stratospheric temperature. Time series analysis is applied to simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to separate the contributions of GHGs from those of ODSs based on their different time-dependent signatures. The analysis indicates that about 60%–70% of the temperature decrease of the past two decades in the upper stratosphere near 1 hPa and in the lower midlatitude stratosphere near 50 hPa resulted from changes attributable to ODSs, primarily through their impact on ozone. As ozone recovers over the next several decades, the temperature should continue to decrease in the middle and upper stratosphere because o...
Cochlear implant integrity after adenoidectomy with Coblation and monopolar electrosurgery

Purpose: Conventional electrosurgical adenoidectomy has been deemed contraindicated in subjects with cochlear implants (CIs) because of risk to the CI and the auditory neurons. No published studies have evaluated the safety of electrosurgical adenoidectomy techniques with CIs. The goal of this study was to compare the impact of monopolar electrosurgery and Coblation radiofrequency bipolar electrosurgery on CI integrity. Methods: Twelve fresh, cadaveric pigs received unilateral CIs, then the nasopharynx was treated for 15 to 30 minutes with continuous monopolar electrosurgery or Coblation. CIs were tested by the manufacturer for device integrity before and after treatment. Results: Integrity was maintained in all CIs treated with either monopolar or Coblation electrosurgery. Conclusions: Although the safety of electrosurgical adenoidectomy after CI placement remains unproven, these observations suggest that judicious use of conventional monopolar and Coblation electrosurgery in adenoidectomy does not convey a serious risk to CI integrity. Theoretical considerations favor the use of Coblation over monopolar electrosurgery in CI recipients.
The Lucretian swerve: The biological basis of human behavior and the criminal justice system

It is widely believed, at least in scientific circles, that living systems, including mankind, obey the natural physical laws. However, it is also commonly accepted that man has the capacity to make “free” conscious decisions that do not simply reflect the chemical makeup of the individual at the time of decision—this chemical makeup reflecting both the genetic and environmental history and a degree of stochasticism. Whereas philosophers have discussed for centuries the apparent lack of a causal component for free will, many biologists still seem to be remarkably at ease with this notion of free will; and furthermore, our judicial system is based on such a belief. It is the author’s contention that a belief in free will is nothing other than a continuing belief in vitalism—something biologists proudly believe they discarded well over 100 years ago.
EPA's New Emissions Trading Mechanism: A Laboratory Evaluation

The EPA has designed a new call auction institution for trading allowances to emit sulfur dioxide. This paper reports twelve laboratory markets that evaluate the performance of this new institution relative to the more commonly observed uniform price call auction. We find that the uniform price call auction (i) is more efficient, (ii) induces more truthful revelation of underlying values and costs, (iii) provides more accurate price information, and (iv) is more responsive to changes in underlying market conditions. Under the EPA auction rules both buyers and sellers misrepresent their true value of the emission permits, which biases market-clearing prices downward.
Instant super-resolution imaging in live cells and embryos via analog image processing

Existing super-resolution fluorescence microscopes compromise acquisition speed to provide subdiffractive sample information. We report an analog implementation of structured illumination microscopy that enables 3D super-resolution imaging with 145 nm lateral and 350 nm axial resolution, at acquisition speeds up to 100 Hz. By performing image processing operations optically instead of digitally, we removed the need to capture, store, and combine multiple camera exposures, increasing data acquisition rates 10–100x over other super-resolution microscopes and acquiring and displaying super-resolution images in real-time. Low excitation intensities allow imaging over hundreds of 2D sections, and combined physical and computational sectioning allow similar depth penetration to confocal microscopy. We demonstrate the capability of our system by imaging fine, rapidly moving structures including motor-driven organelles in human lung fibroblasts and the cytoskeleton of flowing blood cells within developing zebrafish embryos.
An Analysis of Tonal Patterns Used for Sight-Singing Instruction in Second-Grade General Music Class:

This research examined characteristics of a select group of tonal patterns to identify features that may affect the initial acquisition of skill in sight-singing pitch. Second graders (N = 193) ind...
Effective elastic modulus of isolated gecko setal arrays

Conventional pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are fabricated from soft viscoelastic materials that satisfy Dahlquist's criterion for tack with a Young's modulus (E) of 100 kPa or less at room temperature and 1 Hz. In contrast, the adhesive on the toes of geckos is made of beta-keratin, a stiff material with E at least four orders of magnitude greater than the upper limit of Dahlquist's criterion. Therefore, one would not expect a beta-keratin structure to function as a PSA by deforming readily to make intimate molecular contact with a variety of surface profiles. However, since the gecko adhesive is a microstructure in the form of an array of millions of high aspect ratio shafts (setae), the effective elastic modulus (E(eff)) is much lower than E of bulk beta-keratin. In the first test of the E(eff) of a gecko setal adhesive, we measured the forces resulting from deformation of isolated arrays of tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) setae during vertical compression, and during tangential compression at angles of +45 degrees and -45 degrees . We tested the hypothesis that E(eff) of gecko setae falls within Dahlquist's criterion for tack, and evaluated the validity of a model of setae as cantilever beams. Highly linear forces of deformation under all compression conditions support the cantilever model. E(eff) of setal arrays during vertical and +45 degrees compression (along the natural path of drag of the setae) were 83+/-4.0 kPa and 86+/-4.4 kPa (means +/- s.e.m.), respectively. Consistent with the predictions of the cantilever model, setae became significantly stiffer when compressed against the natural path of drag: E(eff) during -45 degrees compression was 110+/-4.7 kPa. Unlike synthetic PSAs, setal arrays act as Hookean elastic solids; setal arrays function as a bed of springs with a directional stiffness, assisting alignment of the adhesive spatular tips with the contact surface during shear loading.
Role of hypothalamic interleukin-1β in fever induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats

Bacterial endotoxin induces fever by causing the release of interleukin (IL)-1β into the circulation or the brain. IL-1β is believed to mediate fever via triggering the production and/or release of IL-6 in the hypothalamus. The present study examined whether IL-1β and IL-6 in the hypothalamus of the rat are also involved in fever during bacterial sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CLP induces fever for 2 days. Polyclonal rabbit antibody against rat IL-1β (anti-IL-1β, 2 μg/μl) or control rabbit IgG (2 μg/μl) was unilaterally microinjected into the hypothalamus of rats immediately after or 24 h after CLP or sham-CLP surgery. Anti-IL-1β injected 24 h after CLP (when fever was already present) or sham-CLP surgery did not affect fever. Microinjection of anti-IL-1β into the hypothalamus immediately after surgery caused a significant decrease in body temperature during the night after CLP surgery and a 48% reduction of fever on the following day. Although blood plasma levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated 1.5, 6, 24, and 48 h after CLP surgery, there were no differences in IL-6 concentrations in the extracellular fluid of the anterior hypothalamus (collected by push-pull perfusion). These data suggest that fever due to bacterial sepsis is initiated by IL-1β within the hypothalamus, and this febrile response, unlike endotoxin-induced fever, is not accompanied by elevation in the hypothalamic concentration of IL-6.
Regulation and Temporal Expression Patterns of Vibrio cholerae Virulence Genes during Infection

Abstract The temporal expression patterns of the critical Vibrio cholerae virulence genes, tcpA and ctxA , were determined during infection using a recombinase reporter. TcpA was induced biphasically in two temporally and spatially separable events in the small intestine, whereas ctxA was induced monophasically only after, and remarkably, dependent upon, tcpA expression; however, this dependence was not observed during in vitro growth. The requirements of the virulence regulators, ToxR, TcpP, and ToxT, for expression of tcpA and ctxA were determined and were found to differ significantly during infection versus during growth in vitro. These results illustrate the importance of examining virulence gene expression in the context of bona fide host–pathogen interactions.
Development of the Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale:

The authors present the development of the Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES). The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) present a rationale for the ELICSES, (b) review statistical analysis procedures used to develop the ELICSES, and (c) offer implications for future research and counselor education.
Transformation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Through Technology and Informatics

The successful integration of technology in antimicrobial stewardship programs has made it possible for clinicians to function more efficiently. With government endorsement of electronic health records (EHRs), EHRs and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are being used as decision support tools to aid clinicians in efforts to improve antibiotic use. Likewise, medical applications (apps) have provided educational tools easily accessible to clinicians through their mobile devices. In this article, the impact that informatics and technology have had on promoting antibiotic stewardship is described, focusing on EHRs and CDSSs, apps, electronic resources, and social media.
Simplified Databased Total Maximum Daily Loads, or the World is Log-Normal

The total maximum daily load (TMDL) approaches that have relied mostly on deterministic modeling have inherent problems with considerations of a margin of safety and estimating probabilities of excursions of water quality standards expressed in terms of magnitude, duration, and frequency. A tiered probabilistic TMDL approach is proposed in this paper. A simple databased Tier I TMDL that uses statistical principles has been proposed for watersheds that have adequate water quality databases enabling statistical evaluations. Studies have shown that for many pollutants, event mean concentrations in runoff, wastewater loads, and concentrations in the receiving waters follow the log-normal probability distribution. Other probability distributions are also applicable. Tier II Monte Carlo simulation, using a simpler deterministic or black box water quality model as a transfer function, can then be used to generate time series of data, which fills the data gaps and allows estimation of probabilities of excursions of chronic standards that are averaged over periods of 4 or 30 days. Statistical approaches, including Monte Carlo, allow replacement of an arbitrary margin of safety by a quantitative estimation of uncertainty and enable linking the model results to the standards defined in terms of magnitude, frequency, and duration.
Lung Transplantation for Advanced Bronchiectasis

Lung transplant (LT) can be successfully performed on patients with advanced bronchiectatic lung disease with subsequent good posttransplant quality of life and long-term outcome. Most of the data are derived from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but LT can be effective in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis as well. Despite the presence of chronic lower respiratory tract infection with bacterial pathogens in these patients pretransplant, posttransplant infections do not generally have significant impact on survival, although infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria may complicate posttransplant management. Although benefit of LT for young children with CF is somewhat controversial, LT can clearly benefit older children and adults with advanced lung disease due to bronchiectasis. This article reviews indications (and contraindications) for LT, discusses particular problems that may arise posttransplant, and provides a rationale for referring patients with bronchiectasis for LT.
CMOL/CMOS Implementations of Bayesian Polytree Inference: Digital and Mixed-Signal Architectures and Performance/Price

In this paper, we focus on aspects of the hardware implementation of the Bayesian inference framework within the George and Hawkins' model. This framework is based on Judea Pearl's belief propagation. We then present a ?hardware design space exploration? methodology for implementing and analyzing the (digital and mixed-signal) hardware for the Bayesian (polytree) inference framework. This, particular, methodology involves: analyzing the computational/operational cost and the related microarchitecture, exploring candidate hardware components, proposing various custom architectures using both traditional CMOS and hybrid nanotechnology CMOS/nanowire/molecular hybrid (CMOL), and investigating the baseline performance/price of these hardware architectures. The results suggest that hybrid nanotechnology is a promising candidate to implement Bayesian inference. Such implementations utilize the very high density storage/computation benefits of these new nanoscale technologies much more efficiently, for example, the throughput per 858 mm2 obtained for CMOL-based architectures is 32-40 times better than the TPM for a CMOS based multiprocessor/multifield-programmable gate array system, and almost 2000 times better than the TPM for a single PC implementation. In general, the assessment of such hypothetical hardware architectures provides a baseline for large-scale implementations of Bayesian inference, and guidance for implementing the same using nanogrid structures.
Neural Dynamic Logic of Consciousness: the Knowledge Instinct

The paper describes neural dynamics of the knowledge instinct, determining adaptation and evolution of consciousness. Evolution of consciousness is determined by complex dynamics integrating cognition and language. In the past, algorithms for cognition and language, considered separately, faced an impenetrable wall of combinatorial complexity. The paper describes dynamic logic, a mathematical technique integrating language and cognition and overcoming combinatorial complexity. Mathematical mechanisms of concepts, emotions, instincts, consciousness and unconscious are described and related to perception and cognition.
Coronary-prone behavior, social insecurity and stress among college-aged adults.

Abstract One hundred and seventy-four male college students completed a student version of the Jenkins Activity Scale, the Macmillan stress inventory, measures of social insecurity, and items concerning personal habits and preferences. Social insecurity and Type A behavior emerged as independent but additive factors associated with negative stress experience. Type A's, as compared to Type B's, reported feeling more stress, having and desiring less social support, being more interested in various performance standards and being upset for a longer period of time following poor school performance. Interestingly, no difference emerged between A's and B's regarding the temporal impact of successful school performance. High Social Insecurity subjects reportedfeeling more stress, having less social support, being more upset following poor school performance and being more interested in social comparison information as compared to their Low Social Insecurity counterparts. The results are interpreted as supportive...
Estimation of the signal component of a data vector

Evaluation and improvement of a data-adaptive signal estimation algorithm are presented. Perturbation analysis of a rank-reduced data matrix is used to reveal its statistical properties. The obtained information is used for calculating the performance of the Toeplitz-restoration algorithm of D. Tufts et al. (1982). The analysis leads to improvements of the method, and the predicted improvements are demonstrated by simulation and comparison with Cramer-Rao bounds. >
The Resolving Power of a Single Exact-Repeat Altimetric Satellite or a Coordinated Constellation of Satellites

Abstract It is proved that the midpoint grid, which is composed of samples obtained at ground track locations midway between crossover points (thus a subset of the full sampling), has the same resolving power as the full set; that is, they resolve the same three-dimensional spectral space. The resolving power of the midpoint grid is characterized by the Nyquist frequency ωc = π/T (where T is the repeat period of the exact-repeat satellite), and by (in local Cartesian coordinates) the zonal and meridional Nyquist wavenumber kc = 2π/X and lc = 2π/Y, respectively (where X and Y are the east–west and north–south separation between adjacent parallel ground tracks). (Note that the term “Nyquist” is used here for lack of a better term. It retains its textbook meaning for delimiting the resolved spectral range. However, it may not have the same textbook meaning as far as aliasing is concerned.) Here, this result is rederived in simplified terms so that it is understood better. First, it is shown through the sampl...
Learning in Non-Hierarchical Bureaucracies: The New Learning Profile

AbstractCharacteristics of hierarchical bureaucracies will always be with the public sector to some degree. However, public sector organizations around the world are increasingly looking at new structures, more flexibility, and different philosophies due to downsizing, privatization, required competition, rapid technological advancement and many uncertainties. Learning profiles in traditional bureaucracies had definite characteristics. Learning profiles in public sector organizations in the new era will have significantly different emphases. While the importance of traditional technical learning will not abate, the importance of advanced forms of learning will increase massively. This is because environments which are changing (and organizational structures which require more flexibility and competition) emphasize advanced learning skills which were formerly less used. This article looks briefly at the changing organizational universe, what this means for learning profiles, and then focuses on the newer, ...
Abstract W P250: The Impact of Acute Hypertensive Response on Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Differs Among Patients With and Without Left Ventricle Hypertrophy

Background: While acute hypertensive response (AHR) predicts worse outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the INTERACT-2 trial recently failed to definitively demonstrate a major benefit of intensive blood pressure reduction on these patients. A possible explanation is that the detrimental effect of AHR on outcome may differ among ICH patients with and without previous chronic hypertension. Objective: to explore whether the prognosis of patients with AHR during the acute phase of ICH differs according to the presence or absence of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), which is a marker of chronic hypertensive organ damage. Method: we performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with primary ICH presenting to an academic hospital between January/2000 and December/2012 with age > 18 years, who had a transthoracic echocardiogram available. LVH was defined according to Penn convention. AHR was defined as systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg on admission. Mantel-Haenszel test was initia...
Enhanced Activity of ATRP Fe Catalysts with Phosphines Containing Electron Donating Groups

Fe-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) with various triarylphosphines containing electron donating methoxy groups was investigated. FeIIIBr3 in the presence of tris(2,4,6- trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (TTMPP) provided faster ATRP of St than in the presence of tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (TMPP) and much faster than with triphenylphosphine (TPP) under identical conditions. ATRP of St was carried out with initial ratio of reagents: [St]:[EBiB]:[FeIIIBr3]:[TTMPP] = 200:1:1:2, in 50% (v/v) anisole at 100 °C (EBiB is ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate). After 21 h, conversion reached 92%, yielding polystyrene with molecular weight Mn = 24 100 and Mw/Mn = 1.25. With TMPP and TPP under the same conditions, the conversion of monomer was only 19% and 9%, respectively. With 1 equiv of TTMPP vs FeIIIBr3, control was better, Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1, but polymerization was slower. The phosphines could directly reduce FeIII to FeII but could also act as ligands complexing transition metal and forming efficient ...
Learning, the Sole Explanation of Human Behavior: Review of The Marvelous Learning Animal: What Makes Human Nature Unique

Seemingly everyone is interested in understanding the causes of human behavior. Yet many scientists and the general public embrace causes of behavior that have logical flaws. Attributing behavior to mental events, emotions, personality, or abnormal personality, typically, is committing one of a number of common errors, such as reification, circular reasoning, or nominal fallacies (Schlinger & Poling, 1998). An increasingly frequent error is embracing genetic explanations of behavior in the absence of an identified gene. Similarly, explaining behavior in terms of brain structure or function fails to ask what caused that brain structure or function to develop or function in a particular way.
Effects of high-temperature annealing on magnetic ordering in thin films of Bi2O3-CaO-Fe2O3

Magnetic properties of rf sputtered (0.5−x) Bi2O3-x CaO-0.5 Fe2O3 (x=0−0.5) have been studied through magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. Films prepared in a mixed oxygen-argon atmosphere are amorphous and paramagnetic. Samples annealed in air at temperatures of 700–1000 K show a ferrimagnetic behavior even though X-ray diffraction data for the films do not indicate the precipitation of any crystalline ferrimagnetic compounds. The room-temperature saturation magnetization 4πM and the uniaxial anisotropy field Hu, decrease with increasing x. The Curie temperature and the gyromagnetic ratio γ increase with increase in the concentration of CaO. Studies on the effects of sputtering atmospheres on magnetic parameters show that films sputtered in oxygen-rich atmospheres have a large 4πM and Hu, and a relatively small γ and FMR line-width. Ordered amorphous clusters are suggested to give rise to the observed ferrimagnetic character in the annealed films.
Abstract 955: Specific forms of mutant KRAS predict patient benefit from targeted therapy in the BATTLE-1 clinical trial in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Mutant KRAS (mut-KRAS) is present in 17-25% of all human cancers, where it plays a critical role in driving cancer cell growth and resistance to therapy. Despite numerous attempts, there is still no effective therapy for mut-KRAS tumors. Understanding the signaling mechanisms activated by mut-KRAS and finding agents to inhibit mut-KRAS signaling are important unmet needs in cancer therapy today. The recently completed BATTLE-1 clinical trial, a prospective, multi-arm, biopsy-mandated, biomarker-driven, clinical trial in advanced refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), found that mut-KRAS did not accurately predict patient outcome (progression-free survival) to targeted intervention. This finding contradicted published evidence for such a relationship from colon cancer and some previous NSCLC studies. We explored more specifically the nature of the KRAS mutations, which are primarily found at codons 12 and 13, where different base substitutions lead to alternate amino acid (aa) substitutions. NSCLC has a much higher proportion of mut-KRAS G12C(cysteine) aa substitutions (47%) due to carcinogens in tobacco smoke, and only 15% mut-KRAS have G12D(aspartate). These data contrast those in other solid tumors, such as colon or pancreas, which predominantly manifest mut-KRAS G12D (50%) and only 9% mut-KRAS G12C. In a subset analysis of the BATTLE-1 data, we showed significantly worse progression-free survival in patients with mut-KRAS G12C, versus other mut-KRAS including G12D (p=.041) and who were treated with erlotinib, vandetanib or sorafenib. In a panel of NSCLC cell lines with known mut-KRAS aa substitutions to identify pathways activated by the different mut-KRAS genotypes, we found that mut-KRAS G12D activates both PI-3-K and MEK signaling, while mut-KRAS G12C does not and alternatively activates PKCζ and RAL signaling. This finding was confirmed in immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBEC) cells stably transfected with wt-KRAS or different forms of mut-KRAS. Our molecular modeling studies show that the different conformation imposed by mut-KRAS G12C could lead to altered association with downstream signaling transducers, compared to mut-KRAS G12D. The significance of the findings for developing mut-KRAS therapies is profound, since it suggests that not all mut-KRAS may be addictive; and that different combinations of inhibitors of downstream signaling may be needed for different mut-KRAS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 955. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-955
Explanation for the Cyanosis of Sulphanilamide Therapy.

The extraordinary cyanosis shown by patients during sulphanilamide therapy has received no explanation.Marshall,1 King,2 and others have demonstrated that the respiratory function of the hemoglobin is unaltered. Methemoglobin and sulphemoglobin have been found in some cases but in amounts far too small to explain the intense cyanosis. The plasma of cyanotic patients appears normal. Whole blood, whether arterial or venous, has a chocolate brownish tinge. Though such blood when aerated gains oxygen in normal amounts it does not become bright red but remains dark. This led us to seek for a colored derivative of sulphanilamide in the erythrocytes.After various unsuccessful attempts we were led by the known helio-sensitivity of sulphanilamide-treated patients to try the effect of ultraviolet light. This enabled us to reproduce the phenomenon in vitro and to offer an explanation for the cyanosis.We found that dilute solutions of sulphanilamide on very brief exposure to ultraviolet light develop a strong violet ...
Effects of feeding sows fat or fructose during late gestation and lactation.

The effects of dietary fat or fructose supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow milk production and composition and on progeny were examined. On d 88 of gestation, 24 sows were allotted by parity to three dietary treatments (eight sows/treatment). Treatments were 1) a 12.5% crude protein, corn-soybean meal control, 2) the control + 10% added fat or 3) the control + 23% high fructose corn syrup. All treatments were fed to supply 1.82 kg/d of the control diet from d 89 of gestation to parturition with sows in treatments 2 or 3 receiving .18 kg of additional fat or .53 kg of additional high fructose corn syrup, respectively. Feed was gradually increased from d 1 to 7 of lactation to 4.54 kg/d of the control diet (plus .45 kg of added fat and 1.33 kg of added fructose for treatments 2 and 3) and remained at these levels for the remainder of the 21 d lactation period. All treatments were iso-nitrogenous; treatments 2 and 3 were iso-caloric. Litter birth weights, number of pigs born alive, weaning weights and piglet survival rate were not affected by sow treatment. Stillbirths were less (P less than .05) for sows fed fat. Lipid content of milk 24 h post-farrowing was greater (P less than .05) from sows fed fat compared with sows fed fructose. Milk production estimates indicated that multiparous sows fed fat produced more (P less .05) milk than sows fed the control diet. On d 112 of gestation and d 15 of lactation, serial blood samples were drawn to monitor sow response to a glucose challenge (1 g/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On differentially private low rank approximation

Low rank approximation is a fundamental computational primitive widely used in data analysis. In many applications the dataset that the algorithm operates on may contain sensitive information about contributing individuals (e.g. user/movie ratings in the Netflix challenge), motivating the need to design low rank approximation algorithms that preserve privacy of individual entries of the input matrix.In this paper, we give a polynomial time algorithm that, given a privacy parameter e > 0, for a symmetric matrix A, outputs an e-differentially approximation to the principal eigenvector of A, and then show how this algorithm can be used to obtain a differentially private rank-k approximation. We also provide lower bounds showing that our utility/privacy tradeoff is close to best possible.While there has been significant progress on this problem recently for a weaker notion of privacy, namely (e, δ)-differential privacy [HR12, BBDS12], our result is the first to achieve (e, 0)-differential privacy guarantees with a near-optimal utility/privacy tradeoff in polynomial time.
Mandir and visa status: purity, auspiciousness and hindu homes in the usa

Mandirs are an important part of first generation Hindu homes of immigrants from India living in the USA who adhere to the essential Hindu principles of purity and auspiciousness in the mandir’s pl...
Polyethylene oxide—fullerene nanocomposites

Abstract Polyethylene oxide – fullerene nanocomposites have been prepared by using the solution path with water as solvent (only for the polymer). The dispersion of C60 within the polymer solution was achieved by high power sonication. The study aims to a better understanding on the effect of C60 nanoparticles on the macromolecular chains. Raman Wide Angle X Ray spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Thermogravimetric Analysis were used to inspect the interactions between the nanofiller and macromolecular chains. The experimental results revealed a completely different behavior of fullerene dispersed within polymeric matrices than using carbon nanotubes or nanofibers as nanofiller. The observed behavior was explained by the low aspect ratio of C60 compared to nanotubes and by the low thermal conductivity of C60 compared to the thermal conductivity of others carbon nanostructures.
Intractosoma: Toward an Epistemology of Complexity Based on Intra-acting Bodies

In this essay, I argue for an epistemology of complexity that is centered on intra-acting— always already interacting and becoming—bodies. I utilize analyses of the politics of knowledge concerning honey bee declines and gene-environment interaction research to outline a feminist-oriented epistemology in terms of multisensorial corporealities that I call “intractosoma.” I argue that re-organizing the production of observation, reduction, and difference along the lines of an intractosomal epistemology of complexity would lead to a more accurate understanding of complex phenomena, and entail a different politics in which the constructed distance between observers and observed can no longer absolve observers of “response-ability.” By shifting the locus of concern to always already enmeshed bodies, I seek to open analyses to a plurality of observers with their associated blind-spots and power dynamics, and a multiplicity of forms of knowing and becoming, beyond instrumentation, computation and quantification. .
The Definition of Negotiation: A Play in Three Acts

This article is based on a provocative conversation between Andrea Kupfer Schneider, Noam Ebner, and David Matz as they drove to the airport following the University of Missouri’s symposium, Moving Negotiation Theory From the Tower of Babel Toward a World of Mutual Understanding. After a while, John Lande metaphorically joined their quest to find a good definition of negotiation. They considered examples of interactions with deans, judges, bank officers, grocers, drivers, terrorists, and muggers, among others, to try to identify critical elements of negotiation. For example, can the interaction be called a negotiation, if one party holds all the cards? Is it a negotiation if only one party is interested in negotiating? This article should stimulate readers’ thinking about this deceptively challenging question, and is particularly appropriate for use in negotiation courses.
Prism aftereffects for throwing with a self-avatar in an immersive virtual environment

The use of first-person self-avatars in immersive virtual environments (VEs) has grown over recent years. It is unknown, however, how visual feedback from a self-avatar influences a user's online actions and subsequent calibration of actions within an immersive VE. The current paper uses a prism throwing adaptation paradigm to test the role of a self-avatar arm or full body on action calibration in a VE. Participants' throwing accuracy to a target on the ground was measured first in a normal viewing environment, then with the visual field rotated clockwise about their vertical axis by 17° (prism simulation), and then again in the normal viewing environment with the prism distortion removed. Participants experienced either no-avatar, a first-person avatar arm and hand, or a first-person full body avatar during the entire experimental session, in a between-subjects manipulation. Results showed similar throwing error and adaptation during the prism exposure for all conditions, but a reduced aftereffect (displacement with respect to the target in the opposite direction of the prism-exposure) when the avatar arm or full body was present. The results are discussed in the context of how an avatar can provide a visual frame of reference to aid in action calibration.
A new two-stage game framework for power demand/response management in smart grids

Most existing cost optimization solutions ignore the long-term benefits for the customer, which may reduce the efficiency of the demand response management (DRM). In addition, without a power balance constraint, the power generation and consumption optimization problems are solved separately, which may cause a huge waste in power production. This paper presents a two-stage game framework to model and analyze such problems. In the first stage, a Stackelberg game framework for the generators and utility company is proposed to solve the cost optimization problem for power generation. A unique Nash equilibrium (NE) is obtained, in which the utility company obtains the optimized power outputs with the first-mover advantage. In the second stage, an infinite repeated game framework is proposed to the customers. A Pareto-efficient power consumption guideline is achieved for the customers, in which no customer gains more by reducing others' benefits. Our numerical results have shown that, with the same power consumption, the proposed two-stage framework can raise the profit for the utility company up to 8 percent while reduce the summation of the customers' costs up to 10 percent.
The impact of intermittent or sustained carbon dioxide on intermittent hypoxia initiated respiratory plasticity. What is the effect of these combined stimuli on apnea severity

The following review explores the effect that intermittent or sustained hypercapnia coupled to intermittent hypoxia has on respiratory plasticity. The review explores published work which suggests that intermittent hypercapnia leads to long-term depression of respiration when administered in isolation and prevents the initiation of long-term facilitation when administered in combination with intermittent hypoxia. The review also explores the impact that sustained hypercapnia alone and in combination with intermittent hypoxia has on the magnitude of long-term facilitation. After exploring the outcomes linked to intermittent hypoxia/hypercapnia and intermittent hypoxia/sustained hypercapnia the translational relevance of the outcomes as it relates to breathing stability during sleep is addressed. The likelihood that naturally induced cycles of intermittent hypoxia, coupled to oscillations in carbon dioxide that range between hypocapnia and hypercapnia, do not initiate long-term facilitation is addressed. Moreover, the conditions under which intermittent hypoxia/sustained hypercapnia could serve to improve breathing stability and mitigate co-morbidities associated with sleep apnea are considered.