cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fibroadenoma and the Use of Exogenous Hormones. A Case-Control Study

The association between fibroadenoma and the use of exogenous hormones in women aged 18-74 years was examined in a case-control study conducted in Connecticut during 1979-1981. The study population included 251 women with biopsy-confirmed fibroadenoma and 1,081 control women drawn from inpatient and outpatient general surgical services of five Connecticut hospitals. Among women under age 45 years, oral contraceptive use was negatively associated with the occurrence of fibroadenoma (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42-0.79). The odds ratio for women over age 45 years who had ever used oral contraceptives was 1.65 (95% CI = 0.58-4.68). Women over age 45 years who had ever used replacement estrogens had an elevated odds ratio for fibroadenoma (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.21-6.60). The data suggest either that the effects of exogenous hormones may differ by age, or that the changing composition of exogenous hormones has brought about different associations depending upon the cohort of women.
Drosophila TRPA1 isoforms detect UV light via photochemical production of H2O2

The transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel is an evolutionarily conserved detector of temperature and irritant chemicals. Here, we show that two specific isoforms of TRPA1 in Drosophila are H2O2 sensitive and that they can detect strong UV light via sensing light-induced production of H2O2. We found that ectopic expression of these H2O2-sensitive Drosophila TRPA1 (dTRPA1) isoforms conferred UV sensitivity to light-insensitive HEK293 cells and Drosophila neurons, whereas expressing the H2O2-insensitive isoform did not. Curiously, when expressed in one specific group of motor neurons in adult flies, the H2O2-sensitive dTRPA1 isoforms were as competent as the blue light-gated channelrhodopsin-2 in triggering motor output in response to light. We found that the corpus cardiacum (CC) cells, a group of neuroendocrine cells that produce the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) in the larval ring gland endogenously express these H2O2-sensitive dTRPA1 isoforms and that they are UV sensitive. Sensitivity of CC cells required dTRPA1 and H2O2 production but not conventional phototransduction molecules. Our results suggest that specific isoforms of dTRPA1 can sense UV light via photochemical production of H2O2. We speculate that UV sensitivity conferred by these isoforms in CC cells may allow young larvae to activate stress response--a function of CC cells--when they encounter strong UV, an aversive stimulus for young larvae.
Biophysical and Biochemical Studies of Human Slow Skeletal Troponin T Isoforms in Slow Skeletal Muscle

A paucity of information exists concerning the functional roles of the human slow skeletal troponin T isoforms (HSSTnT isoforms) in different muscle types. Three HSSTnT isoforms have been found in slow skeletal muscle: HSSTnT1 (+ Exons 5 and 12), HSSTnT2 (+5, −12), HSSTnT3 (−5, −12) and HSSTnT4 (−5, +12, only found at the mRNA level). Soleus rabbit skinned fibers were displaced with HSSTnT1, 2, 3 or 4 and reconstituted with human SSTnI-C/STnC complex. The extent of Tn displacement was analyzed by measuring the Ca2+ unregulated force (UF) at pCa 8.0 after SSTnT treatment. The UF ranged from 63 to 73%. The Ca2+ sensitivity increased between SSTnT isoforms: isoform 1 (pCa50 = 5.73) < isoform 2 (pCa50 = 5.80) < isoform 3 (pCa50 = 5.84). HSSTnT4 yielded a pCa50 = 5.78. Using a reconstituted fast skeletal muscle system, the actomyosin ATPase activity containing different HSSTnT isoforms was determined. The HSSTnT isoforms did not alter ATPase activation or inhibition in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Potential interactions between human cardiac troponin C (HcTnC), rabbit skeletal tropomyosin (RsTm) and human cardiac troponin I (HcTnI) with SSTnT were mapped. Dot blot analysis using HRP conjugated proteins revealed new interactions between SSTnT peptides and HcTnC, RsTm and HcTnI. These results may help identify the functional differences that occur between SSTnT isoforms due to their alternative splicing. Supported by NIH HL-042325(JDP) and AR-050199 (JDP) and AHA 0825368E (JRP).
Assessing the process of desensitization therapy: Five practical measures

Assessment of phobic behavior has included self-report, physiological, and in vivobehavioral measures. While self-report measures are convenient, they suffer from subject bias and a low predictive validity. Physiological and in vivobehavioral measures are often too cumbersome to implement in standard clinical practice. The current study investigated the validity of five convenient measures of phobic behavior during the process of desensitization therapy. Responses of 14 clinically phobic patients were compared on phobic and neutral scenes presented within the context of systematic desensitization therapy. Phobic scenes resulted in less clarity of scene visualization, a longer latency to clear scene visualization, higher subjective units of discomfort (SUDs) at clear visualization, a longer latency to relaxation, and higher SUDs at relaxation. The measures seemed to reflect accurately the process and stages of desensitization therapy and showed low to high intercorrelations. The pragmatic value of these measures is discussed, as well as suggestions for future validational research.
Transposable elements as genetic regulatory substrates in early development

The abundance and ancient origins of transposable elements (TEs) in eukaryotic genomes has spawned research into the potential symbiotic relationship between these elements and their hosts. In this review, we introduce the diversity of TEs, discuss how distinct classes are uniquely regulated in development, and describe how they appear to have been coopted for the purposes of gene regulation and the orchestration of a number of processes during early embryonic development. Although young, active TEs play an important role in somatic tissues and evolution, we focus mostly on the contributions of the older, fixed elements in mammalian genomes. We also discuss major challenges inherent in the study of TEs and contemplate future experimental approaches to further investigate how they coordinate developmental processes.
Understanding Dyslexia and its Instructional Implications: A Case to Support Intense Intervention

Dyslexia is a congenital disorder characterized by unexpected difficulties in learning to read and spell in relation to one's verbal intelligence, motivation, and educational opportunities (Aylward et al., 2003; Morgan, 1896). Because dyslexia can affect 1.5–5% of the population (Aylward et al., 2003; Vellutino et al., 1996), understanding how to identify and instruct students with dyslexia is vital. Unfortunately, many of the articles and studies on this disorder are published in journals teachers rarely read. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise description of dyslexia and recent brain-based research that supports specific instructional implications.
The importance of patient selection in the treatment of distal hypospadias using modified Koff procedure.

Abstract Objective We present our experience in the treatment of distal hypospadias using a modified Koff procedure, emphasizing the importance of patient selection for a good outcome. Materials and methods In 2003–2008, 90 patients, mean age 52.1 months, underwent surgical repair of distal hypospadias using urethral advancement according to Koff, modified with a Ψ incision on the tip of the glans. Meatal defect was glanular in six (8%), subglanular in 24 (26%) and coronal in 60 (66%) cases. Mild chordee was present in 19 patients (21%). Follow-up was 8–66 months. All patients were evaluated in terms of cosmetic results, and early and late postoperative complications. Results All patients showed excellent cosmetic results with urethral meatus on the tip. There was only one postoperative fistula due to extensive use of electrocautery during urethral mobilization that was surgically corrected 8 months after appearance. One patient had a postoperative meatal stenosis treated conservatively. No cases of residual chordee were detected. Conclusions Successful use of the modified Koff procedure depends on careful selection of patients. Good candidates are those with distal or mid-shaft hypospadias, presenting with: (1) absence or low degree of ventral chordee; (2) distal plate of urethra well developed; (3) distance between meatus and tip of glans at most 10–12 mm; and (4) glanular morphology preserved.
Optimization of Heat Exchanger Networks

Various graphical and iterative methods for the optimization of Heat Exchanger Networks (HENs) have been provided. This paper proposes a new alternative approach, based on two ideas. The first is that the optimum solution must be where the efficiencies of the individual heat exchangers are high, and the second idea is that in a heat exchanger network, it is desirable to maximize entropy generation as a result of heat transfer, and minimize entropy generation due to other effects, such as stream mixing. These two ideas provide a simple process for optimizing a network of four heat exchangers, and the concept can potentially be extended to larger systems.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Provenance Bee Wiki: Tracking the Growth of Semantic Wiki Communities

Contributors in hundreds of semantic wiki sites are creating structured information in RDF every day, thus growing the semantic content of the Web in spades. Although wikis have been analyzed extensively, there has been little analysis of the use of semantic wikis. The Provenance Bee Wiki was created to gather and aggregate data from these sites, show how this content is growing over time, and to make all this detailed data readily available to the research community. We also present a high-level analysis of the almost 600 wikis indexed in Provenance Bee Wiki that have less than 5,000 pages.
Acute Appendicitis Secondary to Metastatic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Report and Review of Two Cases

Two patients developed acute appendicitis secondary to metastatic mammary carcinoma. This unusual occurrence may become more common as increased survival for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma is achieved, and it should be emphasized that chemotherapy can remarkably alter symptoms, signs, and management of such patients. If oophorectomy is performed in such a patient, appendectomy should be done concomitantly.
Low temperature identification of interfacial and bulk defects in Al/SiO/sub 2//Si capacitor structures by electron beam induced current

A low temperature electron beam induced current (EBIC) study using Al/SiO/sub 2//Si capacitors as probes of defects affecting the electrical properties of the bulk Si, SiO/sub 2/ interface and the SiO/sub 2/ layer is presented. The technique's relevance to current research on thin oxides and EBIC image enhancements obtained at reduced temperature are explained. The characteristic EBIC contrast representative of three capacitor bias conditions are reviewed as follows: 1) localized temperature dependent recombination at extended bulk defects for inversion bias, 2) spatial variation of the flat-band voltage due to nonuniform interfacial or oxide charge distributions for weak depletion bias, and 3) electron beam enhancement of SiO/sub 2/ leakage currents at defect sites for accumulation bias. Illustrations of these contrast modes are presented for samples containing buried epitaxial misfit dislocations and oxide interface defects. >
A Rare Case of Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Colon with Rhabdoid Features: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Malignant rhabdoid tumors were originally described in children. Subsequently, the same histological pattern was described in adults. Malignant rhabdoid tumors are aggressive neoplasms that have been reported in multiple organs. To our best knowledge, only 16 previous cases of rhabdoid tumor in the colon have been described in the literature. We present the case of an 87-year-old lady who was diagnosed with a rhabdoid tumor of the colon that relapsed rapidly after surgical resection. The literature concerning this unusual neoplasm was subsequently reviewed with comparison of all known cases in the literature.
Superrigidity of lattices in solvable Lie groups

Let Γ be a closed, cocompact subgroup of a simply connected, solvable Lie groupG, such that AdG Γ has the same Zariski closure as AdG. If α: Γ → GLn(ℝ) is any finite-dimensional representation of Γ, we show that α virtually extends to a representation ofG. (By combining this with work of Margulis on lattices in semisimple groups, we obtain a similar result for lattices in many groups that are neither solvable nor semisimple.) Furthermore, we show that if Γ is isomorphic to a closed, cocompact subgroup Γ′ of another simply connected, solvable Lie groupG′, then any isomorphism from Γ to Γ′ extends to a crossed isomorphism fromG toG′. In the same vein, we prove a more concrete form of Mostow's theorem that compact solvmanifolds with isomorphic fundamental groups are diffeomorphic.
The Hebrew Bible and the Quran: The Problem of the Jewish ‘Influence’ on Islam

The biblical tradition is manifest in the Quran in many different ways. Similarly, scholars have adopted a number of different approaches to the phenomenon of the biblical ‘borrowings’ found in the Quran. Since the foundation of the modern discipline of Islamic studies in the nineteenth century until very recently, scholars have often seen the appearance of biblical stories in the Quran, often in significantly altered, distorted, or amplified form, as reflecting Muhammad's dependence upon Jewish teachers and thus an overarching Jewish influence on Islam. In point of fact, this approach to the biblical tradition in the Quran has significant roots in medieval Christian polemic against Islam. In recent years, a few scholars have sought to develop more constructive approaches to this material and to Quranic narrative in general; nevertheless, a full-scale reconsideration of the basic problem is still lacking, and the legacy of medieval polemic in the early Orientalist tradition, as well as its modern implications, has yet to be widely recognized.
Transplacental Exposure to the DNA Demethylating Agent, 5-AZA-CdR, Affects the Sexual Behavior of CD-1 Male Mice

Abstract Intrauterine exposure to 5-AZA-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) alters gene expression causing malformations, abnormal post-natal growth and altered reproductive capacity. To elucidate whether the phenomenon observed in 5-AZA-CdR in utero exposed male mice was a behavioral alteration, at gestation day (GD) 10, CD-1 pregnant mice were administered 1 mg/kg i.p. of 5-AZA-CdR or saline solution. After parturition, the number and sex of pups were recorded. While litter size was not affected, the ratio of male to female offspring was altered in treated mice. To determine whether the phenotypic observation of male gender corresponded to the appropriate genotype, presence of Sry gene in 5-AZA-CdR F1 males was determined. At 3 months of age, the male sexual behavior test outlined by Chubb was conducted. Presence of vaginal plug and pregnancy were determined in the natural breeding phase. Mount latency and number of mounts per mouse were assessed in the behavioral test phase. In utero exposed male mice resulted in diminished mating behavior (as measured by vaginal plug presence, mount latency and number of mounts) and reduced sexual interest while exposed to a receptive female. While normal presence of Sry gene was observed, mating behavior was altered in exposed males suggesting that the reproductive alteration could be attributed to a behavioral phenomenon.
Lateral variation of the physisorption potential for noble gases on graphite

The adsorption potential of noble gases on graphite is calculated. The method used is the summation of two-body anisotropic interactions between the adatom and each carbon atom, which takes into account the graphite anisotrophy. The lateral variation which results depends on the uncertain role of anisotrophy in the repulsive part of the interaction. In any case, the computed variation is of the order of twice the value computed by Steele [Surf. Sci. 36, 317 (1973)] and is widely used. Our conclusion is consistent with thermodynamic data.
Smoking Cessation Is Followed by Increases in Serum Bilirubin, an Endogenous Antioxidant Associated With Lower Risk of Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Lower concentrations of serum bilirubin, an endogenous antioxidant, have been associated with risk of many smoking-related diseases, including lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, and current smokers are reported to have lower bilirubin levels than nonsmokers and past smokers. This study evaluates the effects of smoking cessation on bilirubin levels.
An Efficient Method for Calculating Powder Patterns

Abstract A novel approach to the calculation of powder lineshapes is presented. Lineshapes from asymmetric second-rank tensor interactions are produced by summing lineshapes from symmetric tensors. This approach significantly reduces the calculation time, greatly facilitating iterative nonlinear least-squares fitting of experimental spectra. Results are reported for anisotropic13C NMR lineshapes of glycine, benzoic acid, and octanoic acid in a urea inclusion compound. Lineshapes from nonuniform distributions of crystallite orientations can also be calculated by using distributions of the Euler angles that define the orientation of the principal-axis system of the chemical-shielding tensor with respect to the magnetic field.
Could Autophagic Exhaustion Be a Final Common Pathway for Podocytopathy in FSGS

Among renal syndromes caused by glomerular disorders, FSGS continues to pose the most challenges in understanding its pathogenesis and therefore, in arriving at mechanism-based approaches for its treatment. The extraordinary diversity of genetic etiologies linked to primary FSGS, the sizable number
Regularization for spectral matched filter and RX anomaly detector

This paper describes a new adaptive spectral matched filter and a modified RX-based anomaly detector that incorporates the idea of regularization (shrinkage). The regularization has the effect of restricting the possible matched filters (models) to a subset which are more stable and have better performance than the non-regularized adaptive spectral matched filters. The effect of regularization depends on the form of the regularization term and the amount of regularization is controlled by so called regularization coefficient. In this paper the sum-of-squares of the filter coefficients is used as the regularization term and several different values for the regularization coefficient are tested. A Bayesian-based derivation of the regularized matched filter is also provided. Experimental results for detecting and recognizing targets in hyperspectral imagery are presented for regularized and non-regularized spectral matched filters and RX algorithm.
Engineering estimation of fluctuating loads in shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions

In an earlier experimental study of the flow upstream of a blunt fin in a Mach 5 turbulent boundary layer, the authors showed that the low-frequency (below 4 kHz) component of the fluctuating wall pressures can be attributed largely to an instantaneous pressure distribution P i , which expands and contracts as its upstream boundary translates aperiodically between the upstream influence and separation lines. Based on the physical similarity between P i and the time-averaged (mean) wall pressure distribution, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of predicting fluctuating pressure loads using mean wall pressure distributions obtained from either computation or experiment. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the approach is applicable to a broader range of flows involving shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction. For all cases examined, the locations of local maxima and minima in the measured wall pressure standard deviation distributions were estimated correctly. Further, quantitatively accurate estimates of the magnitude of fluctuating wall pressure and heat transfer levels were obtained using the corresponding time-averaged distributions.
Abstract SY44-02: Insights into pro-survival signaling by PERK

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA PERK, one of three key signal transducers localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), regulates cell fate in response to proteotoxic stress. PERK activation can be triggered by exposure of cells to physiological stresses such as low energy (glucose deprivation), low oxygen (hypoxia), or by chemical that inhibit protein degradation (bortezomib) or deplete ER calcium stores (thapsigargin). Since tumor survival and progression requires bypass of many of the same stresses that are known to activate PERK, extensive efforts have been undertaken to ascertain whether targeted inhibition of PERK would have therapeutic benefit. Indeed, genetic abrogation of PERK signaling has a profound influence on tumor progression and metastasis supporting the development of small molecule PERK inhibitors. Importantly, the successful use of such small molecules in a clinical setting requires knowledge of both the potential tissue toxicities associated with acute PERK inhibition and a detailed understanding of downstream PERK effectors that contribute to cell growth and survival. To definitively establish the functional role of PERK in the adult tissue, we have generated mice harboring a conditional PERK allele where excision is regulated by tamoxifen administration. In contrast to previous reports, PERK deletion has a profound impact on pancreata regardless of age. This result has profound implications for the utility of small molecule PERK inhibitors and highlights the need to clearly delineate downstream PERK-dependent regulatory pathways. With this in mind, we have set out to define additional pro-survival PERK effector and effector pathways in an effort to develop a more complete understanding of PERK function and ascertain whether any novel effectors might represent opportunities for therapeutic development. The identification and contribution of novel PERK effectors will be discussed. Citation Format: J. Alan Diehl. Insights into pro-survival signaling by PERK. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY44-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY44-02
“You are a part of all of us”: black department store employees in Jim Crow Richmond

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of a significant group of retail employees, specifically the African‐American operations and service workers that worked behind the scenes in department stores during the Jim Crow era, defined here as 1890‐1965.Design/methodology/approach – Department stores have rightly occupied a prominent place in business historiography. This wealth of scholarship can be explained partly by substantial archival resources, but especially by department stores' significance to US business, cultural, and social history. Yet, despite this rich historiography, a significant number of department store employees have been overlooked, and this omission has distorted the picture of the work culture and marketing strategies of these massive and influential retail institutions. Department stores employ a large number of operations and service staff, such as delivery people, housekeeping and maintenance workers, elevator operators, stock workers, packers, and wareho...
Comparison of kjeldahl and dumas methods for determining protein contents of soybean products

The Kjeldahl and Dumas methods for quantifying nitrogen content were compared using nine soybean products having protein contents ranging from 0.5 to 90%. In addition to comparing day-to-day variability of the Dumas method, differences between and variabilities of two Kjeldahl systems and Kjeldahl operators were also evaluated. The Kjeldahl method gave slightly, but significantly, lower values than did the Dumas method. Both the Kjeldahl and Dumas methods had equivalent variabilities (same SD about the means). The ratios between the means for the Kjeldahl and Dumas (K/D) protein values ranged from 0.66 to 1.03. The conversion equation y=−0.00536+0.97188x (R2=0.9997) was developed and validated to convert from Dumas to kjeldahl protein concentrations.
On the growth of the mandible.

In a cross-sectional cephalometric study of over 800 normal white American children we show that the average ANB angle is roughly twice as large as the currently employed norms for that variable. The angle is relatively the same in females from 6 to 20 years of age, but there is a definite tendency for older males to exhibit a smaller ANB angle. The dynamics of this decrease is essentially the fact that, in the male, the mandible continues to grow steadily (relative to the maxilla and nasion) throughout much of the postpuberal stage, whereas this tendency is not exhibited in the female.
Pydgin: generating fast instruction set simulators from simple architecture descriptions with meta-tracing JIT compilers

Instruction set simulators (ISSs) remain an essential tool for the rapid exploration and evaluation of instruction set extensions in both academia and industry. Due to their importance in both hardware and software design, modern ISSs must balance a tension between developer productivity and high-performance simulation. Productivity requirements have led to “ADL-driven” toolflows that automatically generate ISSs from high-level architectural description languages (ADLs). Meanwhile, performance requirements have prompted ISSs to incorporate increasingly complicated dynamic binary translation (DBT) techniques. Construction of frameworks capable of providing both the productivity benefits of ADL-generated simulators and the performance benefits of DBT remains a significant challenge. We introduce Pydgin, a new approach to ISS construction that addresses the multiple challenges of designing, implementing, and maintaining ADL-generated DBT-ISSs. Pydgin uses a Pythonbased, embedded-ADL to succinctly describe instruction behavior as directly executable “pseudocode”. These Pydgin ADL descriptions are used to automatically generate high-performance DBTISSs by creatively adapting an existing meta-tracing JIT compilation framework designed for general-purpose dynamic programming languages. We demonstrate the capabilities of Pydgin by implementing ISSs for two instruction sets and show that Pydgin provides concise, flexible ISA descriptions while also generating simulators with performance comparable to hand-coded DBT-ISSs.
Case Report A beneficial effect of splenectomy in sickle cell anemia and chronic renal failure

Abstract A 25-year-old black male with known sickle cell disease developed progressive chronic renal failure. Eight months after the initiation of chronic hemodialysis, he developed a rapidly-increasing transfusion requirement. The requirement was one unit of blood per week in order to maintain a hematocrit of 16%. His spleen was found, at that time, to be enlarged both on physical examination and radioisotopic scan, A radiochromium study disclosed a red blood cell half-life of 17 days. No evidence of splenic sequestration could be demonstrated isotopically. Splenectomy produced a marked decrease in the patient’s transfusion need. Presently, this patient needs one unit of blood every 10 to 12 weeks to maintain a hematocrit of 18%.
The Radial Velocity and Spectral Line Bisector Variability of Polaris

We present precise stellar radial velocity measurements for the Cepheid-type star Polaris taken in 1992–1993. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the pulsations was 1.555 ± 0.056 km s-1 in epoch 1992.4 and 1.517 ± 0.047 km s-1 in epoch 1993.2. These amplitudes are comparable to the one measured by Dinshaw et al. in 1987.75 and recent measurements by Kamper &Fernie for 1995–1997. Consequently, these do not support the continued drop in pulsational amplitude first extrapolated by Dinshaw et al. A periodogram analysis for our data yields a pulsational period of 39726769 ± 000011, slightly higher than the value found by Dinshaw et al. and consistent with the value derived from the Kamper &Fernie data. The pulsational period of Polaris may thus be increasing. Residual radial velocity measurements after removal of the component due to radial pulsations show the presence of a 40 day period with a 2K amplitude of about 400 m s-1, first reported by Dinshaw et al. Spectral line bisectors of the Sc II λ5526 and Mg I λ5528 lines also show variations with the 40 day period, strongly indicating that this period is indeed real. The presence of line bisector variations excludes a low-mass companion object as a cause of the residual radial velocity variations. Two models are considered for the residual radial velocity and bisector span variations: starspots and nonradial pulsations. Although both can reproduce the amplitude and shape of the residual radial velocity variations, the spot models considered were unable to reproduce the overall shape and amplitude of the bisector span variations. The best-fit spot model was provided by a single spot with a temperature 500 K cooler than the photosphere with a macroturbulent velocity of zero in the spot. If surface features do exist on Polaris and are responsible for the residual radial variations for this star, then possibly they have a temperature structure and distribution more complicated than the simple models considered here. The best fit to all the observed variations was provided by a nonradial m = 4 mode, although these were not entirely satisfactory having a phase shift of about 0.25 between the observed and predicted bisector variations. Possible explanations for this shift include temperature effects, a source function originating in a dynamic stellar atmosphere, or a different pulsation mode than the one that was considered. Although the exact pulsational mode is yet to be identified, we believe that the residual radial velocity variations are due to a long-period pulsation mode. Supporting evidence comes from the fact that three different residual variations with periods near 40 days have now been seen in Polaris and it is unlikely that these variations are due to rotational modulation by surface features on a star that is differentially rotating.
Microbial quality of condensation in fresh and ready-to-eat processing facilities

The objective was to determine the microbial risks associated with condensation in harvest, fabrication, and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat processing environments. A total of 2281 samples were collected before and during operation from areas of visible condensation, overhead pipes, and dripping pans in three plants each season during a one-year period. Significant interactions between season and plant type were observed for nearly all microorganisms, resulting in counts that were generally higher in the summer compared to other seasons. Aerobic plate counts ranged from non-detectable to 3.7log cfu100mL(-1) of condensation. Overall counts were so low that data had to be converted to results100mL(-1). Coliforms and Enterococci were not detectable in most condensation samples. Yeast and mold averaged less than 3.0log cfu100mL(-1) in all samples. Listeria spp. or Salmonella were each detected in only two samples. Condensation, present in harvest, fabrication, and RTE meat processing areas does not appear to contain microbial loads that will contaminate the product.
Visible photoluminescence from N-dot ensembles and the linewidth of ultrasmall Al y In 1-y As/Al x Ga 1-x As quantum dots

Ensembles containing a few hundred quantum dots, \ensuremath{\sim}17 nm in diameter, were prepared by etching \ensuremath{\mu}m-size mesas in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$As/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As quantum-dot samples grown using the spontaneous island formation during molecular-beam epitaxy. The visible photoluminescence spectra display the reproducible statistical fluctuations of the ground states, which are emitting individual lines a fraction of a meV in width.
The development of the 15-meter hoop column deployable antenna system with final structural and electromagnetic performance results

This paper presents the technical results obtained during the development and engineering tests of a 15-Meter Hoop Column deployable antenna system. An important element of the 15-meter antenna program was the structural tests and the characterization of the surface accuracy of the deployed mesh surface. The overall system performance of the 15-meter antenna was obtained during radio frequency tests conducted in the Martin Marietta Near Field Test Laboratory in Denver, CO. The near field tests verified the electromagnetic performance of the structure which exhibited a surface accuracy of 0.061 in (RMS). Radio frequency tests were conducted at 2.3, 4.3, 7.7, and 11.6 GHz. The experiment and analytical results obtained through the 15-meter antenna program will provide new opportunities for the application of large space antennas for future missions.
Update on the imbalanced distribution of orthodontists, 1995-2006

A review of the 2006 and earlier American Dental Association studies on the distribution of dentists provides information on the evolving numbers of orthodontists in the United States. Despite an overall increase in the numbers of orthodontists, major differences persist in practitioner-to-population ratios in various geographic areas.
Qualitative and quantitative characterization of mutagens in commercial beef extract

Two mutagenic compounds have been isolated and purified from commercial beef extract. These two compounds have chemical, chromatographic, spectroscopic and biological behavior indistinguishable from those of the two known mutagens 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo-[4,5-f]-quinoline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo-[4,5-f]-quinoxaline.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with borderline quantitative D-dimer levels.

Abstract Objective The lower threshold for D-dimer in evaluating patients with low clinical risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) ranges from 200 to 500 ng/mL. We compared the rates of VTE in patients based on D-dimer values. We hypothesized that the rate of VTE in low-risk patients with D-dimer levels less than 500 would be less than 1%. Methods Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review: Setting: The study was performed in a academic, suburban emergency department (ED). Subjects: Emergency department patients with suspected VTE and D-dimer obtained were included in the study. D-dimer assay: The D-dimer assay is a quantitative instrumentation latex suspension of plasma specimens. Outcomes: Presence of VTE within 30 days of ED visit. Data Analysis: Assuming a 0% event rate in patients with D-dimer levels between 200 and 500 ng/mL, a sample of 450 patients would result in a 95% confidence interval upper limit of 0.6%. Results There were 1270 ED patients with suspected VTE in which D-dimer levels were performed between October 2005 and October 2006. Patient mean age was 47.8 ± 19.3 years; 63.2% were female, 78.2% were white. Of all D-dimer levels, 497 (39.1%) were less than 200 ng/mL, 479 (37.7%) were between 200 and 500 μg/mL, and 294 (23.1%) were greater than 500 ng/mL. There were no VTE events diagnosed in any of the patients with D-dimer levels less than 200 ng/mL. Four patients with D-dimer levels between 200 and 500 μg/mL had a pulmonary embolism on computed tomography angiography. Of these 4 patients, 3 had moderate clinical risk based on Well's criteria and one had a false-positive computed tomography. There were no cases of VTE in the remaining 475 patients (0%; 95% confidence interval 0%-0.6%). Conclusion The rate of confirmed VTE in low-risk patients with D-dimer levels between 200 and 500 ng/mL is very low. Low-risk patients with suspected VTE with D-dimer levels less than 500 ng/mL might not require additional testing.
Culturally Grounded HIV Prevention for Latino Adolescents in Border Areas: Rationale, Theory, and Research

This manuscript presents a theoretical, rational, and empirical argument for the development of culturally grounded programs for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. It focuses specifically on adolescents of Mexican descent residing along the southwestern border of the United States. The differential effects of five life dimensions that produce diversity (inherited endowment, learned values and culture, developmental history, specific patterns of problems, and personalized styles of coping) between and within groups are noted, and relevant outcomes of those differential effects are identified. On the basis of these outcomes, a number of specific recommendations for culturally grounded programs are made, then illustrated in the description of a current, empirically tested program. Finally, implications for social work practice and research for the prevention of HIV/AIDS are discussed.
Frontodigital syndrome: a dominantly inherited disorder with normal intelligence.

A review of 8 cases noting the genetic inheritance, Arch. Ophthal. 70: 5, 1963. 6. Schwartz, R., Hall, D. W., and Gabuzda, G. J., Jr.: Metabolism of ornithine and other amino acids in cerebro-oculo-renal syndrome, Amer. J. Med. 36: 778, 1964. 7. Oeticker, O., and Rossi, E.: The influence of extracellular fluid volume on the renal bicarbonate threshold: A study of two children with Lowe's syndrome, Pediat. Res. 3: 140, 1969. 8. Elmore, S. M., Nance, W. E., McGee, B. J., Engel-de Montmollin, M., and Engel, E.: Pycnodysostosis, with a familial chromosome anomaly, Amer. J. Med. 40: 273, 1966.
The Changing Spectrum of Heroin-Associated Nephropathy

Thirty-five renal biopsies were performed on heroin abusers at our institution between January 1977 and June 1983 as part of the evaluation of unexplained heavy proteinuria. Twenty-eight patients (80%) had histopathologic diagnoses of either focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or renal amyloidosis. Patients having a diagnosis of renal amyloidosis were older (P = 0.025), had a longer history of heroin abuse (P = 0.05), and 13114 demonstrated clear evidence of chronic subcutaneous suppurative lesions. The remaining seven patients demonstrated a spectrum of disease similar to that seen in the nonaddicted population. We compared the clinical and biopsy characteristics of patients evaluated between 1977 and 1980 with those seen between 1981 and 1983. The relative incidences of renal amyloidosis and focal glomerulosclerosis changed significantly (P = 0.025). Whereas 29% of patients in the early series had renal amyloidosis and 57% had focal glomerulosclerosis, the relative incidences in the later series were 48% and 29%, respectively. The development of renal amyloidosis in our patients appears to be related to a longer duration of heroin abuse with increased incidence of subcutaneous injection of the narcotic. Chronic, suppurative skin ulcerations tend to occur at the site of injection, resulting in a persistent acute-phase inflammatory state important for the initiation and potentiation of secondary amyloidosis.
Subjective Distress and Emotional Resources in Parents of Children With Food Allergy

This study evaluated emotional functioning in parents of children with food allergy and examined child factors as correlates of caregiver adjustment. Questionnaire data regarding parent subjective distress and emotional resources, allergy characteristics, and child behaviors were gathered from 282 caregivers of food-allergic children. Parents reported experiencing mild-to-moderate distress related to guilt and worry, unresolved anger and sorrow, and long-term uncertainty. Greater distress was associated with caring for a younger child and having a child with emotional or behavioral problems. Parents who perceived having more emotional resources endorsed less distress and had children with fewer emotional or behavioral problems.
Toluene diisocyanate-induced airway hyperreactivity and pathology in the guinea pig

We assessed the nature and progression of airway mucosal disease and histaminic reactivity in English short-haired guinea pigs at 2, 24, 72, 168, and 504 hours after toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure (4 hours of 3 ppm of TDI for 5 consecutive days). To also determine whether TDI-specific, IgE-like antibodies developed in TDI-exposed animals, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis testing was done 28 days after TDI. Bronchial reactivity was determined serially by measuring specific airway conductance as a function of increasing doses of aerosolized histamine in six exposed and three control animals studied intact and unanesthetized. The remaining 10 exposed and 10 control guinea pigs were sacrificed in groups of two at each time point to obtain airway tissue for light microscopic examination. We found that airway hyperreactivity to histamine occurred after TDI in all animals tested. It was maximal 2 hours after the 5-day exposure and remitted by 72 hours. In addition, marked airway obstruction occurred after TDI that persisted for at least 168 hours. There were dramatic signs of airway mucosal damage associated with the bronchial hyperreactivity that included substantial decreases in epithelial cilia, mucin content, and mast cells, as well as squamous metaplasia, numerous mitotic figures, and a prominent polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltrate. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests in exposed animals were negative. Our results suggest that TDI-induced bronchial hyperreactivity may be related to airway mucosal injury and inflammation.
Integrating CRISM and TES hyperspectral data to characterize a halloysite-bearing deposit in Kashira crater, Mars

Abstract We present morphologic observations and spectral modeling results of a large, kaolin-group mineral-bearing deposit within Kashira crater in the southern highlands of Mars. We employ both non-linear unmixing of Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) visible to near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance data and linear unmixing of Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) thermal infrared (TIR) emissivity data to quantitatively analyze the kaolin-group mineral within this deposit. We use a novel approach for quantitative analysis of CRISM data through non-linear unmixing with in-scene, orbitally-derived endmembers combined with laboratory measured endmembers. Results from this approach indicate that the deposit within Kashira crater is best modeled as a combination of surrounding spectral units (i.e., in-scene derived endmembers) with the addition of the kaolin-group mineral halloysite. Linear unmixing of TES data suggest that the deposit contains ∼30% halloysite, a result that is supported by a sensitivity analysis. Potential formation mechanisms for this deposit include hydrothermal alteration, arid-environment pedogenic weathering of a basaltic mound deposit, or pedogenic weathering of a volcanic ash deposit. Our modeling results offer a quantitative reconciliation of the CRISM and TES datasets, and provide a consistent mineralogy from spectral unmixing for an aqueous alteration mineral-bearing deposit on Mars using a combined analysis of both VNIR and TIR hyperspectral data.
Processes of osmoregulation

Mechanisms of Osmoregulation in Animals: Maintenance of Cell Volume. Edited by R. Gilles. Pp. 667. (Wiley: Chichester, UK, and New York, 1979.) £30.
Spatial-Beam Large-Deflection Equations and Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for Axisymmetric Cantilever Beams

The kinematic equations for approximating the deflection of a three-dimensional cantilever beam were developed. The numerical equations were validated with a Finite Element Analysis program. With these equations, a pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) for an axisymmetric straight beam was developed. The axisymmetric PRBM consists of a spherical joint connecting two rigid links. The location of the deformed end of the beam is determined by two angles and the characteristic radius factor. The angle of the beam with respect to the vertical axis depends on the direction of the force with respect to the undeformed coordinate system. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the Finite Element Analysis model and the numerical integration is 0.952.© 2011 ASME
Measurement of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in mammalian tissue utilizing HPLC and electrochemical detection

Reliable measurement of the reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbic acid (AA) is challenging because they are highly reactive and unstable compounds. Detection of small amounts of AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) is essential for determining the biochemical function of the vitamin. While a variety of techniques exist for measurement of AA with detection limits in the millimolar range, a need exists for highly reliable assessment of picomolar levels of AA and DHAA in tissues. The present study presents a method for measuring AA and DHAA that combines high performance liquid chromatography with the advantages and increased detection limits and selectivity available with coulometric electrochemical detection. The difference between AA and "total AA" in tissue samples gives an assessment of DHAA concentration. Verification of the reliability of the assay is by the successful linear recovery of exogenously added AA and DHAA in tissue homogenate. Optimal conditions for reducing DHAA in tissue samples include a pH of 7.2, reaction time of 10 min, reaction temperature equal to room temperature, and a 10 mM concentration of the reducing agent, beta-mercaptoethanol. AA and DHAA are measured in several mammalian tissues using the method presented.
Was the Pediatric Emergency Department or Pediatric Urgent Care Center Setting More Affected by the Fall 2009 H1N1 Influenza Outbreak

The biphasic H1N1 influenza outbreak of 2009 stressed the limited resources of pediatric emergency departments and primary care practices. Its effect on pediatric urgent care centers has not been described. As a children’s hospital system with both a pediatric emergency department and 2 high-volume pediatric urgent care centers, we sought to learn from our experience how best to allocate resources between these 2 settings to manage children presenting for unscheduled care in future, similar outbreaks. We therefore compared the effects of the fall 2009 phase of the H1N1 influenza outbreak on our pediatric emergency department with its effect on our pediatric urgent care centers. Since the large majority of children who sought care for H1N1 influenza did not require substantial health care resources, we concentrated on comparing the increases in the numbers of patients presenting for care rather than the intensity of their care. We also compared changes in percentages of patients leaving before their evaluations were complete, as a measure of system stress. Since the large majority of pediatric patients affected by H1N1 influenza were only mildly ill and likely appropriate for care in either setting, we hypothesized that both the pediatric emergency department and pediatric urgent care settings were heavily and equally affected.