cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Preventive Health Care Use Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in Mexico: The Role of Religion

Research has shown that religion is associated with a wide range of health behaviors among adults of all ages. Although there is strong support for religion’s influence on behaviors such as drinking and smoking, less is known about the possible relationship between religion and the use of preventive health services. This relationship may be particularly important in Mexico, a country with high levels of religiousness and low levels of preventive service utilization. The current study uses a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in Mexico (n = 9,890) to test the association between three facets of religion and three preventive services aimed at detecting chronic conditions or underlying risk factors. The findings show that religious salience is significantly related to the use of blood pressure and cholesterol screenings, even after controlling for a variety of social, demographic, and health-related factors. In addition, attending religious services and participating in religious activities are both positively associated with blood pressure and diabetes screening. This type of research adds to our knowledge of the determinants of preventive service utilization, as well as to the burgeoning literature on religion and health. Furthermore, because the vast majority of research in this field takes place in more developed and Westernized countries, such as the US and Western Europe, analyzing this relationship in a sample of older Mexicans is critical for providing the field with a more comparative orientation.
Lack of nest building and maternal behavior in the mouse following olfactory bulb removal

Abstract Removal of the olfactory bulbs prevents nest building in the mouse. Inhibition of nest building is found in the pregnant mouse as well as in the virgin animal. Exposure to an ambient temperature of 7 °C did not elicit nest building in the bulbectomized animal. Progesterone did cause a significant increase in nest building in the bulbectomized animal but the increase was significantly less than that seen in the mouse with intact olfactory bulbs. The failure of the bulbectomized mouse to build a nest following cold exposure may indicate that the olfactory bulbs are involved indirectly in one aspect of thermoregulation as well as the aspect of maternal behavior.
Neotectonic effects on sinuosity and channel migration, Belle Fourche River, Western South Dakota

Short-term instability in the behaviour of a small, meandering alluvial channel is identified from the relation between sinuosity and either floodplain slope or channel slope within 17 reaches along an 81-kilometre section of the Belle Fourche River in western South Dakota. In reaches 1 to 4 and 11 to 17 the channel is relatively stable and sinuosity varies inversely with channel slope. In reaches 5 to 10, sinuosity is positively related to floodplain slope. Sinuosity increases markedly in reaches 5, 6, and 7 (which are immediately downstream from a discontinuity in the long profile of the floodplain) in association with an increase in floodplain slope. Immediately upstream from the discontinuity, bankfull channel depth and sinuosity decrease and the area of the floodplain reworked by meander migration between 1939 and 1981 increases, in association with a decrease in floodplain slope. Channel behaviour in reaches 5 to 10 is best explained as a consequence of neotectonic activity, as indicated by changes in elevation recorded along geodetic survey lines that cross lineaments that may delimit the eastern boundary of the Black Hills uplift. Sinuosity acts as a barometer of the effects of neotectonic activity on alluvial channels. Initial indications of channel and floodplain instability due to neotectonic activity may be derived from evidence of anomalously active channel migration, as documented from photographic or topographic sources.
Will SOX kill the deal

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has fundamentally altered the legal landscape for corporate governance and financial reporting. But it has also had a profound effect on M&A—as a menacing “deal killer.” How can you stop SOX from souring your deal? © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adhesion of giant liposomes as observed by light microscopy

Giant liposomes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and cholesterol are imparted with cationic or anionic charge by incorporation of 2−20% cationic or anionic lipids. Although two giant liposomes of like charge do not adhere, two giant liposomes of opposite charge will (depending upon the % of ionic lipid) either adhere slowly on contact, “snap together” instantly, or adhere with severe membrane distortions and even membrane layering. It was also observed that the bursting of a cationic liposome attached to an anionic liposome can be stimulated by adhesion of a second cationic liposome to the anionic liposome at a site distant from the first adhesion site. Addition of a cationic or anionic surfactant to two adhered liposomes of opposite charge causes the two liposomes to drift apart. The effect, however, is only transitory because the surfactant can redistribute itself into the interior of the liposome, thereby diminishing the surfactant's contribution to the surface charge...
The policy implications of welfare reform for older caregivers, kinship care, and family configuration

Abstract Although welfare reform will largely impact the lives of children living in single-parent households, a growing number of children residing with relatives may also be affected. This paper offers an overview of welfare reform legislation in California and provides data on the size and characteristics of older adult households on AFDC in that state. The implications of the new law for relative caregivers both within and outside of the welfare and child welfare systems are discussed and a call for close attention to this vulnerable population is suggested
Education and racial inequality: The human capital explanation revisited

Abstract Disadvantaged minorities in the United States, such as blacks and Latinos, earn less than whites but have closed the income gap significantly in the past 50 yrs. Human capital theorists have explained these earnings differences and their decline over time by the relative educational attainment and “quality” of education taken among ethnic/race groups; yet this explanation has been challenged by various views. This paper revisits the controversy with a decade-by-decade analysis of changes in black and Latino educational attainment and the “quality” of their education during the period 1940–1990, and how attainment and quality affected black and Latino earnings relative to whites.
Reasons for Companion Animal Guardianship (Pet Ownership) from Two Populations

The purpose of this study is to extend and replicate previously published results from a random probability sample of university faculty. The sample assessed reasons given for companion-animal guardianship (owning pets) and for belief in the beneficial health effects of owning pets. In this replication and extension design, these two non-random samples responded to the same questionnaire items as those addressed to university faculty. Results indicated that avoidance of loneliness was the most frequent reason for owning pets among both students and middle-aged community members. This result is consistent with the view that animals provide social support and companionship to humans at various stages of the life cycle. Suggesting an emergent feature of the human-nonhuman animal bond, both groups selected, “the pet helps keep me active” as the second-most common reason. Older women reported a greater belief in the health-giving benefits of pet ownership than did younger persons or men. This belief may contribute to human benefits of pet ownership and requires further research.
Tobacco smoking not found to be related to apical periodontitis.

Original Article Bergstrom J, Babcan J, Eliasson S. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition. Eur J Oral Sci 2004;112(2):115-20. Level of Evidence 2b Question Is tobacco smoking associated with increased prevalence of periapical lesions? Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Cohort cross-sectional
Excitation and temperature dependence of the photo-induced excess conductivity in doping-modulated amorphous silicon

Abstract The dependence of the photo-induced excess conductivity in doping-modulated amorphous silicon on exposure time, light intensity, exposure temperature and boron-doping concentration is investigated. Our results indicate that the excess-conductivity effect arises from charge storage in a novel defect centre. The growth of the excess conductivity is thermally activated and obeys a power-law dependence on exposure time and light intensity, where the exposure-time exponent increases with light intensity.
Opiate activation of potassium conductance in myenteric neurons: inhibition by calcium ion

Abstract Morphine and enkephalin were applied to myenteric neurons of the guinea pig ileum while recording membrane potential with intracellular electrodes. Both opioids caused a concentration-dependent (1 nM–1 μM) hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization was usually associated with a fall in input resistance, and it reversed to a depolarization when the cell membrane was held more negative than −100 mV. The amplitude of the hyperpolarization caused by a given concentration of morphine or enkephalin was dependent on the extracellular potassium ion concentration. The amplitude of the hyperpolarization and the conductance increase were inversely dependent on the extracellular calcium ion concentration. The results indicate that opiates activate the resting potassium conductance of myenteric neurons, especially when extracellular calcium concentration is low.
The first time ever I saw your face.

The perception of social information is crucial for the survival of most animal species. Two recent studies demonstrate the joint contribution of innate mechanisms and perceptual experience to two aspects of social perception – faces and biological motion. Together, they highlight how important it is to consider faces and biological motion as different visual properties used by a broader social perception system.
The effect of common nucleic acid stains on the composition of particulate organic matter as determined by direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The nucleic acid stains DAPI and SYTO-13 were used to stain particulate organic matter (POM) samples from the lower Chesapeake Bay and from a culture of Synechococcus (CCMP 837). Cell counts determined using each stain were compared as was the effect of each stain on the organic matter composition of the POM. Both stains yield similar cell counts, though SYTO-13 counts are lower than DAPI counts for each Chesapeake Bay sample site. The stains do not significantly affect organic matter composition as determined using direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry (DT-MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PyGCMS). This means that either stain could be used for cell identification within samples prior to molecular-level characterization of the same samples.
Bioassay of Metarhizium anisopliae , Beauveria bassiana , and Neoaplectana carpocapsae Against Larvae of the Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Plum curculio larvae, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), were treated in the laboratory with isolates of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and the namatode Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser. Both isolates of the fungi caused high levels of mortality in curculio larvae. The nematodes were ineffective under the conditions tested. Soil treated with comminuted suspensions of shake or agar plate cultures of isolates of M. anisopliae from South Carolina and California and an isolate of B. bassiana from South Carolina indicated little difference between culture preparation methods but greater pathogenicity by M. anisopliae from South Carolina. Metarhizium anisopliae was more effective than B. bassiona in soil treated 3 days previous to larval introduction. Maximum effects by the fungi were not always apparent until 14 days after treatment. Handling larvae during examination at 6 days did not cause additional significant mortality 8 days later.
Sign Language Aphasia from a Neurodegenerative Disease

While Alois Alzheimer recognized the effects of the disease he described on speech and language in his original description of the disease in 1907, the effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on language in deaf signers has not previously been reported. We evaluated a 55-year-old right-handed congenitally deaf woman with a 2-year history of progressive memory loss and a deterioration of her ability to communicate in American Sign Language, which she learned at the age of eight. Examination revealed that she had impaired episodic memory as well as marked impairments in the production and comprehension of fingerspelling and grammatically complex sentences. She also had signs of anomia as well as an ideomotor apraxia and visual-spatial dysfunction. This report illustrates the challenges in evaluation of a patient for the presence of degenerative dementia when the person is deaf from birth, uses sign language, and has a late age of primary language acquisition. Although our patient could neither speak nor hear, in many respects her cognitive disorders mirror those of patients with AD who had normally learned to speak.
Reducing Truck Turn Times at Marine Terminals with Appointment Scheduling

This paper addresses a critical component of truck appointment systems: scheduling rules. The goal of this study is to gain an understanding of how the various scheduling rules affect resource utilization and truck turn time in grounded operations. Such an understanding could influence terminal operators and appointment service providers to make changes to their current scheduling practice. To this end, this study seeks to develop a framework for the evaluation of (a) the performance of various simple appointment-scheduling rules under a variety of operating scenarios and (b) the major factors affecting the performance of scheduling rules. This study considers two types of appointment-scheduling strategies that were adopted from the health care sector: (a) individual appointment systems (IASs) and (b) block appointment systems. To determine the effectiveness of the scheduling strategy, this study relies on a simulation model of a container terminal. Simulation is used because it provides a more realistic ...
On electron impact-ionization theory

In some configuration-space treatments of the problem of breakup reactions involving three charged systems theoretical anomalies appear in the form of divergent integrals or integrands with oscillating radial dependence at great distances. A variational identity which is free of such anomalies is derived here with the aid of some results obtained in earlier work. The identity provides the basis for a review and analysis of recent developments in the theory, as well as for the introduction of generalizations, from a rigorous and unified point of view.
A Molecular View of the Cholesterol Condensing Effect in DOPC Lipid Bilayers

The condensing effect of cholesterol in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipid bilayers was systematically investigated via atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Fourteen independent 200 ns simulations, spanning the entire range of cholesterol mole fraction (x(c)) in DOPC bilayers (i.e., from x(c) = 0 to 0.66), were performed at 323 K. The molecular areas occupied by DOPC and cholesterol at different distances from the bilayer center were analyzed using a slicing method based on the VDW radii of atoms. Curiously, while the average area per lipid and the cholesterol tilt angle, with respect to the bilayer normal, both show monotonic decreases as x(c) increases, the average bilayer height shows a significant decrease for x(c) > 0.35, following an initial increase. The calculated partial-specific areas of lipids clearly show the condensing effect of cholesterol. The VDW areal analysis showed that the condensing effect is limited only to the cholesterol sterol ring region, where the acyl chains of DOPC are severely compressed by cholesterol. As x(c) increases, the headgroups of DOPC gradually expand along the bilayer-aqueous interface to occupy more lateral area. Thus, it confirmed a key prediction of the umbrella model. At high cholesterol mole fractions, the calculated area per DOPC and area per cholesterol using some existing methods showed an inconsistent result: both increase while the overall area per lipid decreases. The inconsistency stems from the problematic assumption that cholesterol and DOPC have cylindrical shape and the same height. Our results showed that the total area of a PC/cholesterol bilayer is primarily determined by the molecular packing in the cholesterol sterol ring region. An alternative analysis of area per molecule within this region is proposed, which takes into account the cholesterol tilt angle and the practical incompressibility of cholesterol sterol rings. The new calculation shows that the majority of the area lost due to the cholesterol condensing effect is taken from PC molecules.
Raman scattering mediated by surface-plasmon polariton resonance

We have measured the enhanced Raman scattering by a liquid (methyl alcohol) in contact with an evaporated film of silver (\ensuremath{\sim}400 \AA{}) deposited on the flat surface of a hemispherical prism. The exciting laser light (5145 \AA{}) was incident on the film through the prism and the scattered light from the liquid was collected also through the prism. The Raman-scattering intensity is a sharp function of both the incident and the scattered angles. The observed angular dependence of the Raman intensity can be fitted remarkably well by assuming that the enhanced scattering process is mediated by surface-plasmon polaritons at the silver-liquid interface. The observed scattering intensity is consistent with the predicted enhancement factor of 4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{4}$.
The potential benefits of therapeutic splenectomy for patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas☆

Thirty-four patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma underwent therapeutic splenectomies to improve hematologic tolerance for chemotherapy. The mean age was 40 years; there were 16 males and 18 females. Fourteen had Hodgkin's disease, 19 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 1 had malignant histiocytosis. Nineteen had palpable splenomegaly, 19 had marrow involvement and 20 had splenic involvement by lymphoma. The following data were analyzed before and after splenectomy: mean white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count on planned first day of cycle, delay ratio of chemotherapy delivery and percent maximal dose rate. Thirteen patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, splenomegaly and positive bone marrow and showed significant benefit in all of the aforementioned parameters. Of the patients with prior irradiation, only those who completed their radiation greater than six months prior to splenectomy showed benefit. Ten patients had Hodgkin's disease, negative bone marrow and no splenomegaly. This group showed significant improvement in mean platelet count but more limited benefit in delay ratio and percent maximal dose rate. Thus, selected patients with lymphoma who are experiencing delays in chemotherapy because of poor count tolerance may benefit from splenectomy.
Integrated delay and error concealment for Internet voice applications with time-scale modification

Packet delay and loss are two essential problems to the transmission of real-time voice over the best-effort Internet. Much effort has been involved in packet-level error control and delay jitter concealment. In our previous work, a time-scale modification of audio signal with per-packet adaptive playout algorithm is proposed to minimize the packet dropping at the receiver-end due to delay jitter. This work further extends the applicability of packet-based Synchronized OverLap-and-Add (SOLA) algorithm to an integrated delay/error concealment. Considering the timing relationship with the Forward Error Correction (FEC) parity-packet for loss recovery, the proposed adaptive playout algorithm estimates and adapts to packet loss as well as delay jitter. To enhance the playout quality, per-packet time-stretching factor is bounded by the content classification module, which classifies the audio signal into different categories. We also investigate the impact of stretching-ratio transition strategy to the perceived quality. To demonstrate the proposed adaptive playout, both analysis and performance evaluation is provided by comparing it to the silenced-based adaptive playout.
Pause reports for spontaneous dialogic speech

Native speakers of English (TV = 40) reported occurrence and estimated duration of pauses for English and German spontaneous dialogue. Occurrence was underestimated significantly more for the German than for the English. Duration was underestimated significantly more for the English than for the German, and for positions where no actual pauses occurred (false positives) than for positions where there were actual pauses. The results for the English sample only are compared with similar estimates based on ethnomethodological transcriptional procedures (N = 7). Both methods are found to yield similarly nonveridical reported occurrence and estimated duration.
Characterizing the Extreme Star-Formation Environment in Arp 220

We present a full spectral view of Arp 220 from 450 GHz to 1500 GHz using Herschel SPIRE. The non-LTE modeling of mid-J to high-J CO lines suggests surprisingly warm molecular gas between 500 and 1500 K, the mass of which is about 1% of the cold gas mass.
Transient analysis of maintenance intervention of continuous multi-unit systems

The requirement for self-diagnosing and fault-tolerant systems and the need to conserve dwindling natural resources have led to an increased emphasis on design for reusability, survivability and maintainability. Existing research on failure and maintenance processes focus mostly on steady-state operation. A methodology for intervention analysis of a continuous multi-unit system under transient response is now presented. For modeling convenience, a continuous process without buffers is considered. A delay function is used in the determination of the optimum preventive maintenance policy for the individual units. The cost saving which arises when an opportunistic maintenance policy is adopted is investigated. The approach has three major thrusts. First, the development of analytical models based on the renewal theoretic framework that incorporate maintenance costs in formulating the Maintenance Decision Problem (MDP). Second, numerical methods for solving the results from the proposed formulation using diff...
Automatic target recognition algorithm for high resolution multi-band sonar imagery

An improved automatic target recognition processing string has been developed. The overall processing string consists of pre-processing, subimage adaptive clutter filtering, normalization, detection, data regularization, feature extraction, optimal subset feature selection, feature orthogonalization and classification processing blocks. The classified objects of 3 distinct strings are fused using the classification confidence values and their expansions as features, and using ldquosummingrdquo or log-likelihood-ratio-test (LLRT) based fusion rules. The utility of the overall processing strings and their fusion was demonstrated with new high-resolution threefrequency band sonar imagery. The ATR processing strings were individually tuned to the corresponding three-frequency band data. Two significant fusion algorithm improvements were made. First, a nonlinear 2nd order (Volterra) feature LLRT fusion algorithm was developed. Second, a repeated application of a subset Volterra feature selection / feature orthogonalization / LLRT fusion block was utilized. It was shown that cascaded Volterra feature LLRT fusion of the ATR processing strings outperforms baseline ldquosummingrdquo and single-stage Volterra feature LLRT algorithms, yielding significant improvements over the best single ATR processing string results, and providing the capability to correctly call the majority of targets while maintaining a very low false alarm rate.
The Time Dependent Deformation of a Capsule in an Arbitrary Stokes Flow

This paper is concerned with the time-dependent deformation of a spherical capsule suspended in a viscous fluid. The basic assumptions are that (a) the flow in the fluid regions is governed by the Stokes' equations, (b) the deformation is small, and (c) the membrane is purely elastic. Condition (b) requires either the elastic time scale to be small in comparison with a characteristic flow time (i.e., a sufficiently stiff membrane and/or a sufficiently weak flow field) or the inside fluid to be highly viscous. It also allows us to employ a linearly elastic constitutive equation for the membrane, as first approximation. The general results obtained are compared with corresponding results for surface tension droplets. The case of sedimentation in a quiescent fluid, a capsule freely suspended in a linear flow field, and steady-state results for quadratic flow fields (with emphasis on circular Poiseuille flow) are studied. Der Aufsatz behandelt die zeitabhangige Deformation einer kugelformigen Kapsel, die sich in einer viskosen Flussigkeit befindet. Die grundlegenden Annahmen sind, das (a) die Stromung in den Flussigkeitsgebieten den Stokesschen Gleichungen gehorcht, (b) die Deformation klein ist und (c) die Membran rein elastisch ist. Die Voraussetzung (b) erfordert, das entweder die Zeitkonstante der elastischen Verformungen klein ist im Vergleich zu einer charakteristischen Stromungszeit (das bedeutet eine genugend steife Membran und/oder ein genugend schwaches Stromungsfeld) oder die Flussigkeit im Innern der Kugel hochviskos ist. Wegen dieser Voraussetzung ist es moglich, in erster Naherung eine lineare elastische Konstitutivgleichung fur die Membran zu verwenden. Die allgemeinen Ergebnisse werden mit den entsprechenden Resultaten fur Tropfchenoberflachenspannungen verglichen. Der Fall des Sinkens in einer ruhenden Flussigkeit, eine frei schwebende Kapsel in einem linearen Stromungsfeld und stationare Zustande fur quadratische Stromungsfelder (besonders fur eine zylindrische Poiseuille-Stromung) werden untersucht.
Comparative Law as a Subversive Discipline

We rarely think about the schools of legal thought as movements that either reinforce or undermine established legal authority. Yet in respect to their stabilizing or destabilizing effect, "establishment" or "subversive" tendencies, philosophical arguments often have political side effects. The classic conservative or "establishment" position is expressed in the work of Sir Edward Coke who regarded the common law as a fixed body of principles dictated by reason. Neither the King nor Parliament had the right to tamper with the common law. Coke's views had the effect of buttressing his decision in Dr. Bonham's case, in which Coke's court held that a statute of Parliament was null and
Financial Structure and Economic Welfare: Applied General Equilibrium Development Economics

This review provides a common framework for researchers thinking about the next generation of micro-founded macro models of growth, inequality, and financial deepening, as well as direction for policy makers targeting microfinance programs to alleviate poverty. Topics include treatment of financial structure general equilibrium models: testing for as-if-complete markets or other financial underpinnings; examining dual-sector models with both a perfectly intermediated sector and a sector in financial autarky, as well as a second generation of these models that embeds information problems and other obstacles to trade; designing surveys to capture measures of income, investment/savings, and flow of funds; and aggregating individuals and households to the level of network, village, or national economy. The review concludes with new directions that overcome conceptual and computational limitations.
Marked Clinical Activity of the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Patients with Follicular and Mantle-Cell Lymphoma

Recent advanced developments in our understanding of cancer cell biology have begun to generate a host of new targets that are proving to be valuable substrates for new drug development. One example includes our ever-increasing understanding of the complex biology surrounding the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. For years there have been a variety of compounds used in the laboratory that have been shown to inhibit the proteasome, though many of these compounds have proven to be relative non-specific inhibitors of intracellular and proteasome proteases. The recent synthesis of 1 novel inhibitor, bortezomib (formerly known as PS341), has proven to be an effective reversible inhibitor of the chymotryptic protease in the 26S proteasome. Proteasome inhibition represents a new approach for the treatment of many forms of cancer, especially select hematologic malignancies. Bortezomib has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. In addition to myeloma, bortezomib has also shown promising activity in the treatment of select types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Several single-agent phase II clinical trials in patients with a host of different NHL histologies have demonstrated that bortezomib has reproducible activity in mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL), with some suggestion of activity in marginal zone lymphoma. The promising activity in these smaller studies has led to a number of larger multicenter studies with bortezomib in combination with rituximab in MCL, FL, and marginal zone lymphoma. The collective early experience from these studies continues to support the activity of bortezomib in these histologies of NHL. Herein, some of the biologic rationale for using proteasome inhibitors in lymphoma as well as some of the clinical data from these promising studies are discussed.
Determination of nitrate in fermentation media by a modification of the nitron method

A method is described which is suitable for the determination of nitrate in complex culture media. Nitrate is first precipitated as nitron nitrate and the precipitate reduced to ammonia by Devarda's alloy. The ammonia is distilled and determined colorimetrically by means of Nessler's reagent. Recoveries are in the range 98–102% for amounts of nitrate between 0.1 and 1.0 mg. per ml. of solution.
Redirective labels and early vocabulary development.

Parents’ object labels can be distinguished by whether the child is already attending to the object (follow-in) or not (lead-in). Lead-in labels have been found to be associated with low vocabulary. The current study examines whether the relation between lead-in labels and child vocabulary is influenced by whether the child’s attention is redirected. Eighteen mother–infant dyads were videotaped at 1 ;2, 1;6 and 1;10. Results indicate that parents’ use of successful lead-in labels is positively correlated with children’s vocabulary, whereas use of unsuccessful labels is negatively correlated. Finally, use of gesture is associated with the redirective success of lead-in labels. This study is concerned with the role of input in early word learning. Clearly, labeling is critical to word learning. The literature on labeling has focused on two different ways labels for present objects may be related to infant attention. The first is referred to as ‘follow-in, ’ where mothers label (or comment about) the object that is in the child’s current focus. The second is referred to as ‘lead-in, ’ where mothers attempt to redirect their children’s attention to an object that is not currently in their attentional focus. The way in which speakers use these types of labels has been shown to relate to children’s lexical acquisition over the first two years (Tomasello & Todd, 1983 ; Tomasello & Farrar, 1986 ; Baldwin, 1991 ; Carpenter, Nagell & Tomasello, 1998).
The 21st Century: The Century of the American Research University

Higher education in America has experienced periodic “inflection points” that have served to significantly alter the higher education landscape and dramatically change the focus and actions of the American research university community. We are on the leading edge of a new inflection point that could be—despite prevailing economic challenges—an opportunity for higher education to meet and address some of the great challenges facing our nation, such as economic competitiveness, health care and health care delivery, and environmental sustainability. These are challenges higher education is, in fact, uniquely suited to address.
The Effects of an Accelerated Parent Education Program on Technique Mastery and Child Outcome

Educating parents of children with autism regarding how to act as treatment providers for their own children is now understood to be an essential component of successful treatment programs. Although most parent education programs have been successful overall in teaching parents to use specific techniques, the programs are often time consuming and costly, and some parents continue to have difficulty learning, then implementing, techniques at home. The current project assessed the addition of a parent education support group to an accelerated parent education program. Both groups of families received individualized parent education for 12 weeks. One group also attended a weekly parent education support group. Both parent mastery of the parent education techniques and the children's language skills were assessed before and after training. Results indicate that inclusion of a parent education support group in a parent education program may increase parent mastery of teaching techniques and success of accelera...
Longitudinal Beam Motion in the Fermilab Booster Accelerator

The intensity of the Fermilab booster accelerator has been limited in part by longitudinal effects. These include longitudinal space charge blowup prior to RF capture, phase space dilution during capture and insufficient voltage to provide bucket area to accelerate the diluted beam. Measurements of beam properties under these conditions, as well as high intensity effects during acceleration, are presented.
A 13MHz input, 480MHz output Fractional Phase Lock Loop with 1MHz bandwidth

A 13MHz input, 480MHz output Fractional Phase Lock Loop (PLL), having 1MHz bandwidth, is presented here. To handle the non-integer feedback divider ratio (480/13), a novel approach is chosen. A Delay Lock Loop (DLL) is used to generate 13 phases of the 480MHz VCO clock; one of these phases is multiplexed to an integer mode feedback divider; every reference cycle the multiplexer shifts to the adjacent phase, resulting in the period of the feedback clock, after the divider, being 1/13th of a VCO clock period short of an integer multiple. This results in an effective fractional division. The Phase Detector (PD) does not see any phase errors due to this operation; hence no additional filtering is required in the loop. The loop bandwidth can therefore be maintained to a value as high as one tenth of the reference clock, in contrast to other popular fractional PLL schemes. The affect of the DLL to the PLL loop stability and jitter is analyzed and found to be non significant. The PLL can be re-configured to also support 15.36MHz and 16.8MHz in fractional mode, and 20MHz, 19.2MHz, 12MHz, 24MHz and 48MHz in integer mode, while always maintaining high bandwidth. The PLL is designed and simulated in 90nm CMOS. It occupies an area of 0.1 sq mm, and does not require off-chip components.
Parameter estimation and optimal control of swarm-robotic systems: A case study in distributed task allocation

This paper presents a methodology for finding optimal control parameters as well as optimal system parameters for robot swarm controllers using probabilistic, population dynamic models. With distributed task allocation as a case study, we show how optimal control parameters leading to a desired steady-state task distribution for two fully-distributed algorithms can be found even if the parameters of the system are unknown. First, a reactive algorithm in which robots change states independently from each other and which leads to a linear macroscopic model describing the dynamics of the system is considered. Second, a threshold-based algorithm where robots change states based on the number of other robots in this state and which leads to a non-linear model is investigated. Whereas analytical results can be obtained for the linear system, the optimization of the non-linear controller is performed numerically. Finally, we show using stochastic simulations that whereas the presented methodology and models work best if the swarm size is large, useful results can already be obtained for team-sizes below a hundred robots. The methodology presented can be applied to scenarios involving the control of large numbers of entities with limited computational and communication abilities as well as a tight energy budget, such as swarms of robots from the centimeter to nanometer range or sensor networks.
Asymmetric passive dynamic walker

The objective of this research is to better understand the dynamics of gait asymmetry in humans with central nervous system damage, such as stroke, by using a model of a passive dynamic walker (PDW). By changing the mass, mass location, knee location, and leg length of one leg while leaving the parameters of the other leg unchanged, we show that stable asymmetric walking patterns exist for PDW models. The asymmetric PDW model shows several stable walking patterns that have a single, double, and quadruple repeat pattern where the step lengths between the two legs differ by over 15%. This model will allow an analysis of the passive dynamics of walking separate from the cognitive control in asymmetric human walking to test different gait rehabilitation hypotheses.
Optical properties of GaAs/GaNxAs1-x quantum well structures grown by migration-enhanced epitaxy

Abstract Optical properties of GaN0.018As0.982 quantum wells grown by either migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) or molecular beam epitaxy have been compared. MEE samples exhibit significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity, reduced PL line width, and reduced PL low-energy tail, which could be correlated to better composition homogeneity.
Intravenous Niacin Acutely Improves the Efficiency of Dietary Fat Storage in Lean and Obese Humans

Spillover of fatty acids released by lipoprotein lipase hydrolysis of meal triglycerides may be a major contributor to the free fatty acid (FFA) pool. We studied lean (n = 6) and overweight and obese (n = 5) subjects during continuous feeding on two occasions: during intravenous infusion of niacin (2.8 mg/min) and saline. After establishment of steady-state chylomicronemia and suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis with a liquid meal, spillover was measured with infusions of [U-(13)C]oleate and [(3)H]triolein. Total FFA concentrations were lower during niacin infusion in both lean (50 ± 4 vs. 102 ± 7 μmol/L; P < 0.002) and obese (75 ± 6 vs. 143 ± 13 μmol/L; P < 0.01) subjects. Oleate appearance was lower during niacin infusion than during saline infusion in both lean (21 ± 2 vs. 32 ± 5 μmol/min; P = 0.07) and obese subjects (25 ± 3 vs. 46 ± 8 μmol/min; P < 0.02). Spillover was lower during niacin infusion than during saline infusion in lean (21 ± 4 vs. 29 ± 3%) and obese (21 ± 2 vs. 29 ± 5%) subjects (P < 0.03 for both). In summary, during meal absorption, niacin produces additional suppression of lipolysis and a reduction in fractional spillover compared with saline in both normal and obese subjects. Infusion of intravenous niacin provides a model for acutely improving dietary fat storage, perhaps by suppressing lipolysis in visceral adipose tissue.
Direct Comparisons: Resurrecting the Direct Analysis of Phrasal Comparatives

There have been two major strands in the analysis of phrasal comparatives: Reduction Analyses that relate the than-phrase to a degree description denoting clause and Direct Analyses that interpret the than-phrase directly. Reduction Analyses assume that the than-phrase is part of a larger clausal constituent to which reduction operations have applied. Direct Analyses, on the other hand, need to assume a new lexical entry for the degree operator. Based on evidence from binding and scope, we show that the Reduction Analysis is not an option for phrasal comparative in Hindi-Urdu. Their proper analysis requires the Direct Analysis and the 3-place degree operator that goes with it. Handling other comparatives in HindiUrdu requires the more standard 2-place degree operator. However, as Lechner (2001, 2004) has shown, English and German phrasal comparatives require a Reduction Analysis. This means that both Reduction and Direct Analyses, as well as 2-place and 3-place degree operators are options permitted by universal grammar but that languages vary in which of these options they instantiate. We show that the availability of these options in a particular language follows from independent properties of the language in question and assumptions about when new lexical entries are induced.
A UREASE BIOREACTOR FOR WATER RECLAMATION ABOARD MANNED SPACECRAFT

Abstract Development of a fixed bed continuous flow bioreactor, utilizing urease immobilized on diatomaceous earth, for decomposition of aqueous urea in a spacecraft closed loop environmental life support system is described. The results of small scale bioreactor experiments investigating the effects of throughput, temperature, pH and conductivity are reported. The design and performance of a full scale bioreactor are also presented.
Arterial Oxygenation During Hypothermia

The aims of this stady were: to investigate a possible significant relation between the size of the tidal volume during constant volume ventilation and the rate of change of the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (AaDO2): to determine whether hypothermia significantly affects this relationship; and to test the accuracy of correction factors previously proposed for the effect of temperature on the oxygen tension of fully saturated blood. Ten patients were surface cooled to 30° C. for over 24 hours. Anesthesia consisted of pentobarbital sodium and d-tubocurarine. Constant volume pulmonary ventilation with 100 per cent oxygen was provided by a piston pump. A significant relationship (P < 0.01) was found between the size of the constant tidal volume and the rate of increase or decrease of the AaDO2. This relation showed little evidence of being affected by hypothermia per se. The accuracy of previously determined temperature correction factors for oxygen tension was confirmed.
Dose Addition Models Based on Biologically Relevant Reductions in Fetal Testosterone Accurately Predict Postnatal Reproductive Tract Alterations by a Phthalate Mixture in Rats

Challenges in cumulative risk assessment of anti-androgenic phthalate mixtures include a lack of data on all the individual phthalates and difficulty determining the biological relevance of reduction in fetal testosterone (T) on postnatal development. The objectives of the current study were 2-fold: (1) to test whether a mixture model of dose addition based on the fetal T production data of individual phthalates would predict the effects of a 5 phthalate mixture on androgen-sensitive postnatal male reproductive tract development, and (2) to determine the biological relevance of the reductions in fetal T to induce abnormal postnatal reproductive tract development using data from the mixture study. We administered a dose range of the mixture (60, 40, 20, 10, and 5% of the top dose used in the previous fetal T production study consisting of 300 mg/kg per chemical of benzyl butyl (BBP), di(n)butyl (DBP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and 100 mg dipentyl (DPP) phthalate/kg; the individual phthalates were present in equipotent doses based on their ability to reduce fetal T production) via gavage to Sprague Dawley rat dams on GD8-postnatal day 3. We compared observed mixture responses to predictions of dose addition based on the previously published potencies of the individual phthalates to reduce fetal T production relative to a reference chemical and published postnatal data for the reference chemical (called DAref). In addition, we predicted DA (called DAall) and response addition (RA) based on logistic regression analysis of all 5 individual phthalates when complete data were available. DA ref and DA all accurately predicted the observed mixture effect for 11 of 14 endpoints. Furthermore, reproductive tract malformations were seen in 17-100% of F1 males when fetal T production was reduced by about 25-72%, respectively.
The program for in vitro fertilization at Norfolk

Several aspects of the program of in vitro fertilization (IVF), or, as it is called in Norfolk, the program for the Vital Initiation of Pregnancy (VIP), have been or are in the process of publication. However, because there has been no overall account, it seems appropriate to give a brief report of a general nature covering the period from the beginning of the effort in late February 1980 through December 31, 1981. Although minor changes were constantly made in the protocol, there were two major revisions. Therefore, a discussion of the program during three distinct periods, i.e., 1980, 1981—Phase I, and 1981—Phase II, is necessary. During 1980 and 1981 all patients had either no fallopian tubes or irreparable tubes.
SAVIR hosts dynamic conference

Nearly 200 injury researchers met in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, this past March for SAVIR's Fifth Biennial National Conference. The theme of the conference was “Maximizing Injury Research to Benefit All”, which focused on how injury research can promote positive behaviours and policies with impact throughout the lifespan and across diverse populations. Since SAVIR's first national conference at the Columbus Children's Hospital in Ohio in 2007, SAVIR has worked to bring the injury science community together to develop injury prevention and control research, policy, practice and teaching. The 2015 conference featured a distinguished group of speakers, workshops highlighting contemporary methods in injury prevention and control, panels of journal editors and federal project officers offering guidance to students and early-stage investigators, and an awards luncheon to recognise the great accomplishments of researchers in the field. The SAVIR …
A Scalable Boosting Learner Using Adaptive Sampling

Sampling is an important technique for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing widely used in statistical analysis, machine learning and knowledge discovery. Sampling is particularly useful in data mining when the training data set is huge. In this paper, we present a new sampling-based method for learning by Boosting. We show how to utilize the adaptive sampling method in [2] for estimating classifier accuracy in building an efficient ensemble learning method by Boosting. We provide a preliminary theoretical analysis of the proposed sampling-based boosting method. Empirical studies with 4 datasets from UC Irvine ML database show that our method typically uses much smaller sample size (and is thus much more efficient) while maintaining competitive prediction accuracy compared with Watanabe’s sampling-based Boosting learner Madaboost.
Generator Stator Iron-loss Tests Based on ELCID

The insulation fault occurred between different slices of the iron cores will seriously affect the operation of the generators since the iron core is one of the most important components.With the experiments carried out on the iron cores,the faults can be detected more early to avoid the deterioration of the issues.The fundamental and specific operation methods of ELCID(Electro-magnetic Core Imperfection Detector) are introduced in the paper,and the detailed precautions analyzed with several examples are also proposed.The iron-loss tests are proved to be feasible for the judgment of the condition of the iron cores.