cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolate-Oxo Ligated Zinc Alkyl Derivatives for Production of Zn-Based Nanoparticles.

A series of mercapto-oxo containing reagents [3-mercaptopropionic acid (H2-3MPA), 4-mercaptophenol (H2-4MP), 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide (H-2MPO)] was treated with diethylzinc (ZnEt2) in hexanes/pyridine (py) to yield {(μ4-3MPA)[Zn(Et)(py)]4}∞ (1), [(py)2(Et)Zn(μ3-4MP)Zn(Et)(py)]2 (2), and (2MPO)Zn(Et)py (3). For polymeric 1, each of the functional sites of the 3MPA was bound to four tetrahedral (Td) coordinated Zn(Et)(py) subunits. The sulfur of the 3MPA bridges two of the Zn(Et)(py) subunits, which are also bridged by the two carboxylate oxygens of another 3MPA to propagate the chain. In contrast, 2 forms a discrete tetranuclear species consisting of two Zn(Et)(py) moieties bridged by the oxygens of two 4MP ligands with the thiolate sites of each terminated by Zn(Et)(py)2 moieties. Compound 3 adopts a monomeric species using a chelating 2MPO, a terminal Et, and a bound py to fill the Td coordination of the Zn metal center. Compounds 1–3 were then used to generate nanoparticles via solution precipitation and solvothermal routes to determine the effect these precursors have on the morphology and composition of the final materials produced. Compounds 1–3 were found to form zincite, zinc metal, or mixed zincite/wurtzite phases from solution precipitation or solvothermal routes; however, no routes yielded the mixed anion (i.e., ZnOxSy) materials. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Hypogastric Artery Coil Embolization prior to Endoluminal Repair of Aneurysms and Fistulas: Buttock Claudication, a Recognized but Possibly Preventable Complication

PURPOSE Hypogastric artery embolization is considered to be necessary to prevent retrograde flow and potential endoleaks when a stent-graft crosses the origin of the hypogastric artery. The authors assess the incidence of buttock claudication, which is the primary complication encountered. The effect of coil location and the presence of antegrade flow at the completion of embolization are evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypogastric artery embolization and endoluminal repair of aneurysms and fistulas was performed in 34 patients (30 men; four women) aged 27–91 years (mean, 76 years). Ten patients were being treated for solitary abdominal aortic aneurysms, 13 were being treated for aortoiliac aneurysms, and six patients were being treated for isolated common iliac aneurysms, three for hypogastric artery aneurysms and two for iliac arteriovenous fistulas. Eleven patients had coils placed completely above the bifurcation of the hypogastric artery and 23 patients had coils placed at the bifurcation, or within the branches of the hypogastric artery. Preservation of antegrade flow after embolization was noted in 14 of 34 patients. RESULTS Thirty-four patients underwent stent-graft repair after hypogastric artery embolization. There were two perioperative deaths, three proximal leaks, and one collateral leak. Of the 32 patients who survived the procedure, there was one retrograde leak, even though 13 of 32 (41%) patients had continued antegrade flow at completion of the hypogastric artery embolization. When coils were placed at or in the bifurcation of the hypogastric artery, 12 of 22 (55%) experienced claudication. When coils were placed in the proximal hypogastric artery, one of 10 (10%) claudicated. CONCLUSION It is probably not necessary to completely occlude antegrade flow in the hypogastric artery to prevent a distal endoleak. Buttock claudication is rare when coils are placed in the proximal hypogastric artery rather than at its bifurcation or in its branches.
New Space Weather and Nonlinear Waves and Processes Prize announced for 2013

At the 2011 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., AGU announced the creation of a new award: the Space Weather and Nonlinear Waves and Processes Prize. The prize, which is being made possible by a generous contribution from longtime AGU members and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, scientists Bruce Tsurutani and Olga Verkhoglyadova, will recognize an AGU member scientist and will come with a $10,000 award. Tsurutani has served as a researcher with JPL since 1972 and is currently a senior research scientist. He was also the president of AGU's Space Physics and Aeronomy section from 1990 to 1992 and is a recipient of AGU's John Adam Fleming Medal, given “for original research and technical leadership in geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity, aeronomy, space physics, and related sciences.” Verkhoglyadova served as a professor of space physics in the Department of Astrophysics and Space Physics at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, in the Ukraine, prior to coming to the United States. Their leadership and dedication to AGU and to their field are apparent in their passion for this prize.
Anomalous behavior of trace element magnesium in fish tissues

Abstract Six fish species were collected: summer trout ( Salmo alar ), rock fish ( Roccus lineatus ), pink snapper ( Lutianus ava ), croaker ( Stellifer lancelatus ), sheepshead ( Diplodus holbrooki ) and spanish mackeral ( Scomberomorus maculatus ). Seven trace elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicate that the trace elements iron, copper, zinc, mercury, chromium, and nickel show higher levels in the livers than in the flesh of all the six fish species. Surprisingly, magnesium concentration levels were consistently higher in flesh than in the livers of all six fish species.
Some Effects of Including Effect Size and “what if” Information

Abstract The authors investigated whether 2 editorial policies concerning the reporting of statistical information would affect readers' perceptions of research results. In 4 experiments, undergraduate and graduate students read fictional research abstracts or articles that included effect size information, “what if” information, or no additional information. Regardless of whether the size of the effect was large or small, undergraduates perceived research results to be more important when effect size information was included and were more likely to believe (a) that a statistically nonsignificant effect would have been significant if only the sample size had been increased, and (b) that the sign of the nonsignificant effect was confirmable when “what if” information was included. Graduate students were less affected by effect size and “what if” information. The authors discuss recommendations concerning editorial policies on statistical information.
High pressure crystallization of random propylene–ethylene copolymers: α–γ Phase diagram

Abstract Two random propylene copolymers with low ethylene content synthesized by Ziegler–Natta catalysts were used is this study to investigate the formation of γ-crystal phase during isothermal crystallization at high pressures. At atmospheric pressure these copolymers crystallize in a mixture of α- and γ-crystals. The content of the γ-phase in the copolymer crystals increased with increasing defect content, crystallization temperature and pressure. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that crystallization of these copolymers at pressures above 88 MPa and temperature above 142 °C leads to formation of pure γ-phase. The equilibrium melting temperature of the γ-phase has been determined as a function of defect content and crystallization pressure. Temperature–pressure-composition α–γ phase diagram of isotactic polypropylene was constructed based on the Gibbs free energy approach. This diagram enabled the extrapolation of the equilibrium melting temperatures of both phases for defect free isotactic polypropylene. They were found to be 186.9°C for the α-phase and 189.9°C for the γ-phase.
The stimulation of epidermal proliferation by a specific protein (EGF).

Abstract The growth-stimulating effects of a protein (EGF) isolated from the submaxillary gland of the mouse on cultures of both intact skin and separated epidermal sheets derived from the chick embryo have been examined, both by standard histological techniques and by autoradiography with the aid of tritiated thymidine. One of the effects of the growth factor is to stimulate markedly epidermal proliferation and keratinization, both in organ cultures of intact skin and in dermis-free epidermal sheets.
Changes in tibial bone mass after primary cementless and revision cementless total hip arthroplasty in canine models

The purpose of this study was to examine right-left differences in tibial bone mass after unilateral (left) cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Of 39 dogs with THAs, 9 had primary cementless porous-coated femoral stems for 6 months and 15 had similar stems for 2 years. Five dogs had aseptically failed cemented hips, and 10 had aseptically failed cemented hips that were revised with cementless porous-coated femoral stems (5 without bone graft and 5 with autogenous bone graft). These animals were sacrificed 6 months after the revision surgery. The primary cementless dogs showed no right-left difference in tibial bone mineral content (BMC) or cortical bone cross-sectional geometry after 6 months, but after 2 years there was a distal right-left difference in BMC of 6% caused by expansion of the medullary canal in the tibia of the operated limb. Tibial BMC was more than 20% lower in the operated limb of the failed cemented dogs, approximately 15% lower in the nongrafted group, and 7% lower in the grafted group. The right-left tibial difference in BMC in the 2-year primary cementless group is most probably because of subclinical disuse of the operated limb. Among the dogs with failed cemented stems, the lower right-left difference in the two revised groups compared with the non-revised group suggests that improved limb function after cementless revision THA may cause gain of previously lost bone.
Uptake of natural and anthropogenic carbon by the Labrador Sea

[1] We apply to Classical Labrador Sea Water (CLSW) the transit-time distribution (TTD) method to estimate the inventory and uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Cant). A model of TTDs representing bulk-advection and diffusive mixing is constrained with CFC11 data. The constrained TTDs are used to propagate Cant into CLSW, allowing the air-sea disequilibrium to evolve consistently. Cant in the Labrador Sea (LS) surface waters cannot keep pace with increasing atmospheric CO2 and is highly undersaturated. Our best estimate for 2001 is an anthropogenic inventory of 1.0 Gt C and an uptake of 0.02 Gt C/year. By additionally using the constraint of present-day CO2 measurements, we estimate that the preindustrial LS was neutral or a weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Our estimates are subject to possible error due to the assumption of steady-state transport and carbon biochemistry.
Nicotine Dependence, PTSD Symptoms, and Depression Proneness Among Male and Female Smokers

Several studies have linked posttraumatic stress disorder with heavy smoking. It is not known to what extent this association is specific, as opposed to being a function of a joint association of PTSD and heavy smoking with a third variable such as depression proneness. In a cross-sectional study of 157 current regular smokers, severity of nicotine dependence (but not cigarettes smoked per day) was positively correlated with total PTSD symptoms, hyperarousal symptoms, and avoidance symptoms. These correlations were not eliminated by controlling statistically for depression vulnerability, whether it was measured on a continuous self-rating scale or on the basis of interview-diagnosed history of major depression. The association between PTSD and nicotine dependence was stronger among men than among women.
A comparative molecular approach to mesodermal patterning in basal deuterostomes: the expression pattern of Brachyury in the enteropneust hemichordate Ptychodera flava

This work concerns the formation of mesoderm in the development of an enteropneust hemichordate, Ptychodera flava, and the expression of the Brachyury gene during this process. Brachyury expression occurs in two distinct phases. In the embryo, Brachyury is transcribed during gastrulation in the future oral and anal regions of the gut, but transcripts are no longer detected by 2 weeks of development. Brachyury expression is not detected during the 5 months of larval planktonic existence. During this time, the adult coeloms begin to develop, originating as coalescences of cells that appear to delaminate from the wall of the gut. Brachyury expression cannot be detected again until metamorphosis, when transcripts appear in the mesoderm of the adult proboscis, collar and the very posterior region of the trunk. It is also expressed in the posterior end of the gut. At no time is Brachyury expressed in the stomochord, the putative homologue of the chordate notochord. These observations illuminate the process of maximal indirect development in Ptychodera and, by comparison with patterns of Brachyury expression in the indirect development of echinoderms, their sister group, they reveal the evolutionary history of Brachyury utilization in deuterostomes.
Hypoglycemia: The Limiting Factor in the Management of IDDM

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the limiting factor in the management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It causes recurrent physical morbidity, some mortality, and recurrent or even persistent psychosocial morbidity. The principles of glucose counterregulation, the physiological mechanisms that normally very effectively prevent or correct hypoglycemia, are now known. Decrements in insulin, increments in glucagon, and, in the absence of the latter, increments in epinephrine stand high in the hierarchy of redundant glucose counterregulatory factors. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia in IDDM is the result of the interplay of absolute or relative therapeutic insulin excess and compromised glucose counterregulation. Syndromes of compromised glucose counterregulation include defective glucose counterregulation (the result of combined deficiencies of the glucagon and epinephrine responses to falling glucose levels), hypoglycemia unawareness (loss of the warning, neurogenic symptoms of developing hypoglycemia), and elevated glycemic thresholds (lower glucose levels required) for autonomic activation and symptoms during effective intensive therapy. These have been conceptualized as examples of hypoglycemiaassociated autonomic failure, a functional disorder distinct from classical diabetic autonomic neuropathy, in IDDM. Recent antecedent iatrogenic hypoglycemia appears to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia unawareness; there is increasing evidence that this syndrome is reversible with scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycemia. It probably also contributes substantially to the syndrome of elevated glycemic thresholds during intensive therapy. However, factors in addition to recent antecedent hypoglycemia play an important role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome of defective glucose counterregulation. Pending the prevention and cure of IDDM, we need to learn to replace insulin in a much more physiological fashion and/or to prevent, correct, or compensate for compromised glucose counterregulation if we are to eliminate hypoglycemia from the lives of people with IDDM without compromising glycemic control. In the meantime, we must continue to seek better insight into the fundamental mechanisms of compromised glucose counterregulation and to develop practical preventive clinical strategies and practice hypoglycemia risk factor reduction with our patients.
Asymptotic analysis, regularisation and stable numerical solutions for heavily loaded line EHL contacts

A stable numerical approach is developed for solution of problems for heavily loaded line EHL problems and the asymptotic equations of the problem in the inlet and exit contact zones. The numerical approach is based on two ideas: (i) It uses the form of the original and asymptotic EHL equations resolved for pressure involved in the equations for the gap between the lubricated solids; and (ii) It uses regularisation based on an asymptotic solution of the non-isothermal EHL problem. That allows for a stable solution of the EHL problem even for extremely high dimensionless pressure viscosity coefficients ranging from 0 to 40. Therefore, the paper consists of three parts: (i) Part 1 is devoted to development of an asymptotic approach to solution of heavily loaded EHL contacts and to numerical solution of these equations. This part is very essential as it paves the way to the asymptotic analysis of non-isothermal EHL problem and, consequently, to construction of a stable regularised numerical algorithm; (ii) Part 2 is devoted to asymptotic and numerical analysis of non-isothermal EHL problem for heavily loaded contacts; and (iii) Part 3 is devoted to development of regularised stable numerical solutions of the asymptotic and original equations for heavily loaded EHL contacts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender variety as a valid choice: a comment on the HFEA - response to Edgar Dahl's 'The presumption in favour of liberty'

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) has made several sensible recommendations about sperm sorting and preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex selection, but has not provided a convincing case for restricting all non-medical uses of sex selection techniques. It relies too much on a public opinion survey and speculative fears about bad outcomes for offspring, and overlooks the legitimate interest of some families in using such techniques to have offspring of different genders.
Risk factors for pediatric community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Purpose A chart review of children under 18 years of age with a positive Staphylococcus aureus culture within the first 72 hours after admission or as an outpatient was conducted at All Children's Hospital St. Petersburg, FL, from January 2002 to August 2003. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with development of a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection and provide physicians with a model to assess their patients' risks. Methods The medical charts were reviewed and the pertinent data were entered into a Microsoft Access database. The outcome assessed was a positive S. aureus culture as an outpatient or within 72 hours of becoming an inpatient. The exposure data collected consisted of age, race or ethnicity, gender, preexisting medical conditions, previous antibiotic use, previous hospitalization, community worn device, home health care, immunotherapy, and previous MRSA infection. After data entry was completed, statistical analysis using SAS and Epi Info was conducted to calculate frequencies, crude odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The presence of effect modification was assessed and adjustment for confounding was performed. Results A total of 672 charts were reviewed and the following results were found. Blacks were at a higher risk of developing MRSA infection (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.51, 3.45). Race was found to be an effect modifier for MRSA infection and previous antibiotic use ( P = 0.02). After stratification by race, the results were adjusted for confounding. In whites, previous MRSA infection (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.16, 7.05), home health care (OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 1.55, 12.32), and previous hospitalization (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.14, 3.50) were significant risk factors for the development of MRSA infection. In blacks, only previous antibiotic use (OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 1.75, 15.08) was significantly associated with the development of MRSA infection. Conclusion It is possible for a physician to identify the presence of their patients' risk according to the risk factor profiles of pediatric patients, in order to determine the likelihood of resistant infection and treat that patient accordingly in order to prevent the progression of the infection.
Acculturation and Latino Health in the United States: A Review of the Literature and its Sociopolitical Context

This chapter provides an overview of the concept of acculturation and reviews existing evidence about the possible relationships between acculturation and selected health and behavioral outcomes among Latinos. The effect of acculturation on Latino health is complex and not well understood. In certain areas - substance abuse, dietary practices, and birth outcomes - there is evidence that acculturation has a negative effect and that it is associated with worse health outcomes, behaviors, or perceptions. In others - health care use and self-perceptions of health - the effect is mostly in the positive direction. Although the literature, to date, on acculturation lacks some breadth and methodological rigor, the public health significance of findings in areas in which there is enough evidence justifies public health action.We conclude with a set of general recommendations in two areas - public health practice and research - targeted to public health personnel in academia, community-based settings, and government agencies.
Reverse-recovery safe operating area of diodes in power integrated circuits

Failure during reverse recovery of an IC power diode is examined. It is shown how one-dimensional diode behavior together with mixed-mode tcad can be used to predict safe operating conditions for the actual two-dimensional case.
Expression of the putative vesicular acetylcholine transporter in rat brain and localization in cholinergic synaptic vesicles

A cholinergic locus has recently been identified consisting of a unique mammalian genomic arrangement containing the genes for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and a putative vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Although transcripts for ChAT and VAChT protein have been localized in cholinergic neurons, little is known about the encoded VAChT protein. Here we describe production of highly specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies, generated using a VAChT C- terminus/glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein, and immunological characterization of the native VAChT protein. These antibodies specifically recognized full-length recombinant VAChT expressed in transfected HeLa cells by Western blotting, with the prominent immunoreactive band at 55 kDa. In rat brain homogenates, a single VAChT- immunoreactive band of approximately 70 kDa was predominant in known areas of cholinergic innervation, including striatum, cortex, hippocampus,and amygdala. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed reaction product in cholinergic cell groups but not in noncholinergic areas. More significantly, immunoreactivity was also concentrated in axonal fibers in many regions known to receive prominent cholinergic innervation, such as cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, several thalamic nuclei, and brainstem regions. Electron microscopy using immunoperoxidase revealed that VAChT was localized in axon terminals, and using more precise immunogold techniques, to synaptic vesicles. In VAChT-positive perikarya, the immunogold particles were localized to the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi complex. These findings confirm that VAChT protein is expressed uniquely in cholinergic neurons, concentrated in synaptic vesicles, and at least for the C terminus, topologically oriented as predicted by models.
A Longitudinal Study of an American Public Building Following Asbestos Removal

Abstract The anxiety caused by potential nonoccupational asbestos exposures has fueled a 3 billion dollar industry annually to remove asbestos products from commercial buildings and schools in the United States alone. To examine the impact that this activity has had, a 2-year study was implemented which measured asbestos levels before and after asbestos removal in a U.S. school building. Air sampling protocols followed the Environmental Protection Agency guidelines outlined in the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act. All samples were analyzed by a Yamate level II transmission electron microscopy analysis. Two hundred eighty-nine air samples were collected on 26 different evenings over the 2-year period. One hundred twenty of the 289 samples were selected at random for analysis. Based on these analyses, the geometric mean airborne asbestos concentration before removal was 0.0004 structures/cc of air (s/cc). A significant rise in the airborne levels persisted after removal; the geometric mean was 0.0017 ...
“Psychotic Depression” and Suicide in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest

This essay offers a close analysis of one particular character in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest: Kate Gompert, a suicidal marijuana addict afflicted with “psychotic depression.” While the novel consistently posits a neuroscientific, material explanation for such an illness—i.e., the primacy of the body and the tyrannical oppression of brain chemistry—there also exists a spiritual-philosophical undercurrent that posits a construction of the Self defined by experience and choice.
Voluntary divestitures and corporate life-cycle: some empirical evidence

The life-cycle concept is utilized to examine the voluntary divestiture phenomenon and is sucessful in seperating a sample of 145 divesting firms into four life-cycle groups through the use of cluster analysis preceded by factor analysis. The resulting groups, late expansion/early maturity, regenerating maturity, late maturity/early decline, and decline, differ from one another in terms of basic financial characteristics just before the divestiture event. They also differ in terms of the changes in financial characteristics experienced around the divestiture event by these divesting firms relative to their matched control firms. Support is found for most of the divestiture hypotheses suggested by life-cycle theory using paired-sample nonparametric tests and t-tests.
Factors Affecting the Measurement of Lidocaine Protein Binding by Equilibrium Dialysis in Human Serum

A systematic study was undertaken to assess in vitro factors that influence the value of the lidocaine free fraction obtained by equilibrium dialysis in human serum. These factors include pH readjustment to 7.40 after serum storage; choice of buffers for dialysis; the effect of phosphate buffer ionic strength; temperature of storage for serum samples; the use of untreated versus silanized glassware for storage; and age of serum. It was concluded that the pH of serum that contains lidocaine must be brought back to the original whole blood pH found in the patient before equilibrium dialysis because the protein binding of lidocaine is critically dependent on pH. It was also found that Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate buffer, when used with room air atmosphere in the dialysis cell, is not adequate to control pH even when serum pH is readjusted to the physiological pH of the patient. Isotonic phosphate buffer and 0.10 M phosphate buffer are effective for pH control and give identical values of lidocaine free fraction when the original serum sample is first pH-adjusted. If the pH of the serum is correct and the pH of the buffer remains constant, then freezing, the choice of container, or the age of serum are not important variables affecting the measurement of the lidocaine free fraction.
Biochemical genetics of MN.

. Quantitative hemagglutination studies of the MN-hemizygous (M/-) patient and his family reported by German et al. are given together with data on the electrophoretic mobility of their red cells. These results, and those obtained on the cells of a donor of the MU pheno-type (MU = M+N−S−s−U+; Mu = M+N−S−s−U−), demonstrate a series of shortcomings in the current ‘precursor transferase’ theory of the biochemical genetics of MN antigens. Another theory is proposed, according to which the effects of the MN genes take place exclusively in the protein part of the glycopeptide. The MN proteins would carry acceptor sites for the antigenic oligosaccharides which are put together by enzymes genetically independent of MN. In M glycoproteins, the acceptor sites are close to each other, in doublets, while in N they are all separate. This model is shown to apply successfully to several difficult problems in MN.
Mechanisms of Immunopotentiation

Immunopharmacology, as defined by the contents of this volume, represents a broad endeavor to elucidate the basic molecular aspects, both intercellular and intracellular, of the regulation of immune response. While this scientific enterprise is in its infancy, perhaps the most critical evaluation of its progress to date lies in the appreciation of the extent to which principles have emerged that will be therapeutically useful. The application of therapeutic agents that suppress the immune response and its associated inflammation has developed empirically, as a result of the need for symptomatic relief, effective organ transplantation, and amelioration of immunopathologic processes such as allergy and autoimmunity. In contrast, the development of agents that augment immune responses has been more recent, as a result of the need to combat cancer, to reverse iatrogenic immunosuppression, and to treat immunodeficiency and chronic infection. As is always the case with therapeutic endeavors, it turns out to be far easier to generate agents that inhibit than agents that augment physiologic functions. This chapter will attempt to summarize the progress that has been made in the development of approaches to the potentiation of immune responses, with the ultimate goal of effective therapy.
Distribution of Ribes, an alternate host of white pine blister rust, in Colorado and Wyoming.

Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are alternate hosts for Cronartium ribicola, the invasive fungus that causes blister rust of white pines (Pinus, subgenus Strobus) in the Rocky Mountain region of Colorado and Wyoming. The location, species, and density of Ribes can affect the spread and impact of this potentially serious forest disease. We assessed the distribution and density of Ribes growing near white pine stands for 15 study areas in Colorado and Wyoming with 1258 survey plots of two types, an intensive white pine/Ribes survey and an extensive Ribes survey. Species present, total numbers of stems and bushes, average number of stems per bush, and average stem length were recorded. Various Ribes species were present in all study areas across a range of elevations. The most frequent and common species were R. cereum, R. inerme, R. lacustre, and R. montigenum. Densities and probabilities of occurrence were related to site variables and varied by Ribes species. The most common predictive variables included type of dominant overstory, elevation, and general plot classification such as riparian area. The predictive information provided can be utilized by tree health specialists for risk rating of forests and in planning white pine blister rust mitigation projects. We expect that other areas in Colorado and Wyoming with similar site characteristics will have similar distributions and densities of Ribes and thus have similar risks to white pine blister rust.
A novel framework for mitigating insider attacks in big data systems

Cyber attacks are becoming a threat to the proliferation of big data services. Security in big data services is primarily implemented through software that is maintained by service providers which makes it easier for insider attacks. In this paper, we introduce a novel hardware driven framework for mitigating insider attacks in big data systems. The key idea is to delegate security to special purpose hardware that is capable of detecting an attack on the primary copy of data and preventing that attack on the replicas. In the proposed framework, the assembly code of a process running on the primary copy is analyzed and an attack probability score (APS) is derived which captures in some sense the control structure of the code. The APS of a process is unique to the structure of that process and is derived from the control-flow instructions and their data (if applicable). This score along with the control and data stacks are maintained in the replica nodes. Now, at the replica nodes when the same code is executed, the APS is computed dynamically on the fly and matched with the stored APS. If there is a mismatch indicating a possible attack, the control and data flow stacks are matched in sequence to detect attacks. Our proposed framework was simulated on a virtual cluster and verified using open benchmarks. Experimental results prove that our framework can be implemented with negligible time overhead. Results indicate that the average time overhead is about 0.01% of the total execution time.
The modified Dunn procedure for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a multicenter perspective.

Background: The modified Dunn procedure has rapidly gained popularity as a treatment for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), but limited data exist regarding its safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to present results and complications following this procedure in a large multicenter series. Methods: We reviewed the outcomes of all patients who had been treated with the modified Dunn procedure by five surgeons from separate tertiary-care institutions. All slipped capital femoral epiphyses were defined as unstable according to the Loder criteria. Patients with less than one year of follow-up and those with an underlying endocrinopathy or syndrome were excluded. All surgical procedures were performed by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons who had specific training in the modified Dunn procedure. Operative reports, outpatient records, and follow-up radiographs were used to determine the demographic information, type of fixation, final slip angle, presence of osteonecrosis, and any additional complications. Standardized surveys were administered to determine the pain level (0 to 10 scale), satisfaction (0 to 100 scale), function (modified Harris hip score, 0 to 91 scale), and activity level (UCLA [University of California Los Angeles] activity score, 0 to 10 scale) at time of the most recent follow-up. Results: Twenty-seven patients (twenty-seven hips) with a mean of 22.3 months (range, twelve to forty-eight months) of follow-up met the inclusion criteria. Four patients (15%) had broken implants at three to eighteen weeks after surgery and required revision fixation. Seven patients (26%) developed osteonecrosis at a mean of 21.4 weeks (range, ten to thirty-nine weeks), with each surgeon having at least one case of osteonecrosis. The mean slip angle at the time of the most recent follow-up was 6° (95% confidence interval, 2° to 11°). Patients who did not develop osteonecrosis had significantly better clinical results compared with those who developed osteonecrosis, as demonstrated by a lower mean pain score (0.3 compared with 3.1, p = 0.002), higher level of satisfaction (97.1 compared with 65.8, p = 0.001), higher modified Harris hip score (88.0 compared with 60.0, p = 0.001), and higher UCLA activity score (9.3 compared with 5.9, p = 0.031). Conclusions: This largest reported series of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphyses treated with the modified Dunn procedure demonstrated that the procedure is capable of restoring anatomy and preserving function after a slip but that implant complications and osteonecrosis can and do occur postoperatively. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Effects of Thrips on Bulb Onions

Insecticides tested against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were aldicarb, aldoxycarb, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin. chlorpyrifos, fluvalinate, isofenphos, parathion, and permethrin. All reduced onion thrips populations. The reduction in onion thrips populations observed did not cause significant yield increases. High thrips populations did not clearly result in increased gray neck rot in stored onions.
Abstract 2041: PDGF inducible microRNAs regulate gene expression in cancer cells

Background: Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-regulated signaling plays a critical role in oncogenesis. By binding to the PDGF receptors, the Akt, Src and MAPK pathways are activated to regulate genes expression and cellular physiological processes. There are subtle functional differences between the effects of specific PDGF ligands (e.g. AA, BB), which are incompletely understood. MicroRNA(miR)s are single-stranded, 21-23 nucleotide regulatory RNAs that repress target gene expression either by inhibiting protein translation or by promoting target mRNA degradation. The hypothesis tested in this study was that PDGFs regulate genes expression by modulating microRNAs level in cancer cells. Methods: MicroRNA microarrays were performed to identify miR alterations after treatment of U118 glioblastoma cells with PDGF-AA and BB. Several time points were tested: 2, 6, 12, and 24 hour. Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) was performed to compare expression level between different time points. Q-PCR was conducted to confirm the microarrays data. Pre-miR probe/miRCury LNA probe were transfected into cancer cells to over-express/knock down selected miRs. Western blots were used to detect miRs’ target proteins. Results: Candidate PDGF-inducible/repressible miRs were identified based on significant change in expression level after AA/BB treatment (p-value Conclusions: Our data demonstrate for the first time that PDGF signaling regulates expression of several critical oncogenic miRs which in turn alter target gene expression and function. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2041.
Movements, Host-Fungus Preferences, and Longevity of Bolitotherus cornutus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The forked fungus beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus (Panzer), may live 2 years or more in nature. Adults tend to remain at a given tree for long periods, migration between trees being slight, though movement between different fruiting bodies on the same tree is frequent. In nature, sporophores of the polyporoid fungi Fomes applanatus and Polpyporus tsugae (and occasionally other species) are used as food and breeding sites in Virginia. In laboratory experiments, individuals reared from both these fungus species showed a preference for the latter as food, but the former was eaten more readily than other fungi with which this beetle is not usually associated in nature. Texture, and perhaps age, of the fungus was involved in laboratory choices by the beetles, whereas moisture content was not, at least within the limits tested. There was no significant difference in the number of times F. applanatus and P. tsugae were used as oviposition sites; both these species were preferred to others tested.
Hydrogen Adsorption on Platinum–Gold Bimetallic Nanoparticles: A Density Functional Theory Study

Using ab initio density functional theory, we investigate how hydrogen interacts with Pt–Au bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of various compositions. Several Au, Pt, and Pt–Au NPs of 85 atoms are considered. The results indicate that both the adsorption energy and the geometry of the most favorable adsorption sites are dependent on the local distribution of metal atoms. On some adsorption sites, our results suggest that the hydrogen adsorption on Pt–Au NPs can be more favorable than that on monometallic Pt NPs of similar size. The results are interpreted with the aid of a number of electronic structure details, including d-band structure, density of states, electronic population, and charge density differences.
Determination of nitrate and nitrite in foods containing high concentrations of chloride by Ion chromatography

Objective:To set up a methode for determination of nitrate and nitrite in foods containing high concentrations of chloride,and not to remove chloride.Methods: To select high capacity and high efficient chromatography column,suppressor conductivity detector,food samples were pre-treated by ultrasonic extraction,High-speed centrifugation,filter,C18 solide phase extract clean up and determined directly.Results: When the eluent concentration was adjusted to 3.6 mmol/L and the flow to 0.7 μl/min,the peaks of nitrate and chloride were separating although chloride in pickles was very high.The dectection limits of nitrite and nitrate were 0.08 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg,respectively.The average recoveries ranged from 86% to 106% and the relative standard deviation was 0.94%～4.5%(n=6).Conclution: This methode is selective,sensitive,rapid and accurate,and suited for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite in foods containing high concentrations of chloride.
The investigation and analysis on an imported case with malignant malaria

On February 3rd,Taihe Hospital of Shiyan gave an official report on an inpatient with severe malignant malaria and the inpatient was a labor who just came back from abroad.Plasmodium was found by bone marrow examination,and ring form plus gametocyte were found in the blood test.Then the patient took 8 pieces of Artekin,received muscular injection with Artemether,and got blood transfusion to correct anemia.At the same time,several supporting treatment methods were chosen to help the patient focusing on liver protection,gastric protection,nutrition support and electrolyte balance.Finally,the patients discharged from the hospital after the test result on malaria being negative in consecutive 3 days.It can be included that early diagnosis and the health education for high risky population are the key point for preventing malaria.
The Influence of Perinephric Fat Involvement on Survival in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Extending into the Inferior Vena Cava

AbstractRecords of patients with renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava were reviewed. Patients with nodal metastases or distal spread were excluded, leaving 19 cases available for analysis. The over-all 3 and 5-year survival rates were 56 and 38 per cent, respectively, but a striking difference in survival was observed when those patients with perinephric fat involvement (T3ac) were separated from those whose tumors had not penetrated through the renal capsule (T3c). The 3 and 5-year survival rates for patients with T3ac tumors were 14 and 0 per cent, compared to 82 and 67 per cent for patients with T3c tumors. Patients with T3ac tumors had metastases earlier (mean 13 months) than patients with T3c tumors (mean 22 months). The over-all mean survival duration was 50 months. However, the mean survival duration of patients with T3ac tumors was 17 months, compared to 75 months for patients with T3c tumors.
A retrospective review of hyperaesthetic leucotrichia in horses in the USA.

BACKGROUND Hyperaesthetic leucotrichia (HL) rarely affects horses and causes painful lesions on the dorsum that result in leucotrichia. This may be a variant of erythema multiforme (EM), but there are no studies investigating this condition. OBJECTIVES Describe the clinical and histological features of HL and compare them to the histological features of EM. METHODS A retrospective review of medical records from 1985 to 2015 identified 15 horses with HL. Thirteen biopsies of HL and five of EM were evaluated and compared. RESULTS Arabian horses and their crosses (χ(2) (1) = 8.56, P < 0.01) and American paint horses (χ(2) (1) = 6.64, P < 0.05) were over represented. The onset of clinical signs was between April and September (14 of 15). The most common clinical signs were pain (15 of 15), leucotrichia (11 of 15), crusting (10 of 15) and alopecia (8 of 15) limited to darkly pigmented skin. The lesions recurred seasonally in 6 of 12 horses and unpredictably in 1 of 12 horse. The most common histological features were the presence of large stellate cells (13 of 13) and oedema (12 of 13) in the superficial dermis, perivascular to diffuse lymphocytic inflammation (13 of 13), pigmentary incontinence (12 of 13), apoptotic keratinocytes (9 of 13) and vesicle formation (8 of 13). Horses with EM (n = 5) had significantly more acanthosis (z = -2.40, P < 0.02) and lymphocytic exocytosis (z = -3.1, P < 0.004), satellitosis (Fisher's exact P = 0.02) and inflammation (z = -2.91, P < 0.004). Horses with HL had significantly more pigmentary incontinence (z = 2.13, P < 0.04) and superficial dermal oedema (z = 2.56, P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS HL affects primarily Arabian horses and American paint horses. It occurs mainly in summer and may recur. Histologically HL shares features with EM, but there are significant differences between them.
Limb Salvage in Skeletally Immature Patients with Extremity Sarcoma

The different types of limb salvage procedures can be classified as biologic (i.e. autograft, allograft), non-biologic (i.e. megaprosthesis, expandable prosthesis), or combination (i.e. allograft-prosthetic composite). Each of these types has its own indications, as well as advantages and disadvantages. In skeletally immature patients, there are several considerations to be into account.
A Problem in Industrial Marketing Management: The Over-Under Phenomenon

Managers at all levels are called upon to give subjective estimates of the probability of occurrence of events (e.g., in PERT, in setting of sales targets, etc.). The over-under effect is a phenomenon which causes people to over-estimate the probability of occurrence of events with relatively low objective probabilities and under-estimate probabilities of events with relatively high objective probability of occurrence. Therefore, it becomes necessary for the decision analyst to know the relationship between objective probabilities and subjective estimates, and whether the favorability of the outcome may change this relationship.
A Feminist Defence of Kant

In this chapter I defend the Kantian moral framework from two related criticisms, both of which claim that this framework is unsuitable for feminist purposes. One of these criticisms focuses on Kant’s privileging the rational over the animal; the other focuses on his privileging the rational over the emotional. I argue that if feminists are willing to look to Kant we can find ways of understanding certain psychological harms of oppression, and find ways of addressing these harms, that we otherwise risk losing sight of. In particular, I argue that without a Kantian account of duties to the self, feminists cannot properly explain what is wrong with the gendered norms of self-sacrifice that have historically exploited women.
Increased sialylation of site specific O-glycoforms of hemopexin in liver disease.

Non-invasive monitoring of liver disease remains an important health issue. Liver secreted glycoproteins reflect pathophysiological states of the organ and represent a rational target for serologic monitoring. In this study, we describe sialylated O-glycoforms of liver-secreted hemopexin (HPX) and quantify them as a ratio of disialylated to monosialylated form (S-HPX). We measured S-HPX in serum of participants of the HALT-C trial using a LC–MS/MS-MRM assay. Repeated measurements of S-HPX in the samples of 23 disease-free controls, collected at four different time points, show that the ratio remains stable in the healthy controls but increases with the progression of liver disease. The results of measurement of S-HPX in serum of participants of the HALT-C trial show that it increased significantly (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.01) in liver disease as the stage of fibrosis progressed in liver biopsies. We observed a 1.7-fold increase in fibrosis defined as Ishak score 3–4 (24.9 + 14.2, n = 22) and 4.7-fold increase in cirrhosis defined as Ishak score 5–6 (68.6 + 38.5; n = 24) compared to disease-free controls (14.7 + 6.7, n = 23). S-HPX is correlated with AFP, bilirubin, INR, ALT, and AST while inversely correlated with platelet count and albumin. In an independent verification set of samples, S-HPX separated the Ishak 5–6 (n = 15) from the Ishak 3–4 (n = 15) participants with AuROC 0.84; at the same time, the Ishak 3–4 group was separated from disease-free controls (n = 15) with AuROC 0.82. S-HPX, a measure of sialylated O-glycoforms of hemopexin, progressively increases in fibrotic and cirrhotic patient of HCV etiology and can be quantified by an LC–MS/MS-MRM assay in unfractionated serum of patients. Quantification of sialylated O-glycoforms of this liver secreted glycoprotein represents a novel measure of the stage of liver disease that could have a role in monitoring the progression of liver pathology.