cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential rooting response by neonates: Evidence for an early sense of self

It is proposed that from birth, and long before mirror self-recognition, infants manifest a sense of self as a differentiated and situated entity in the environment. In support of this view, observations are reported suggesting that neonates discriminate between external and self-stimulation. Five newborns and 11 4-week-old infants were observed when they spontaneously brought one hand to their face, touching one of their cheeks (self-stimulation), or when the index finger of the experimenter touched one of the infant's cheeks (external stimulation). Microanalysis revealed that infants responded differentially to the two types of stimulation. Newborns tended to display significantly more rooting responses (i.e., head turn towards the stimulation with mouth open and tonguing) following external compared to self-stimulation. Four-week-old infants demonstrated an opposite pattern. These data are discussed as evidence of an innate ability to discriminate between self versus externally caused stimulation. The differential expression of this ability at birth and at 4 weeks is considered in relation to learning opportunities and the emergence of new functional goals guiding infant behaviour. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Octree-based animated geometry compression

Geometry compression is the compression of the 3D geometric data that provides a computer graphics system with the scene description necessary to render images. Geometric data is quite large and, therefore, needs effective compression methods to decrease the transmission and storage bit requirements. A large amount of research has focused on static geometry compression, but only limited research has addressed animated geometry compression, the compression of temporal sequences of geometry data. This paper proposes an octree-based motion representation method that can be applied to compress animated geometric data. In our approach, 3D animated sequences can be represented with a compression factor of over 100, with slight losses in animation quality. Paper focuses on compressing vertex positions for all the frames. In the proposed approach, only two consecutive frames to generate a small set of motion vectors that represent the motion from the previous frame to the current frame is used. The motion vectors are used to predict the vertex positions for each frame except the first frame. The process generates a hierarchical octree motion representation for each frame. Quantization and an adaptive arithmetic coder are used to achieve further data reduction. The simple and efficient decompression of this approach makes it suitable for real time applications.
The balance between initiation and promotion in radiation-induced murine carcinogenesis

Abstract Studies of radiation carcinogenesis in animals allow detailed investigation of how the risk depends on age at exposure and time since exposure and of the mechanisms that determine this risk, e.g., induction of new pre-malignant cells (initiation) and enhanced proliferation of already existing pre-malignant cells (promotion). To assist the interpretation of these patterns, we apply a newly developed biologically based mathematical model to data on several types of solid tumors induced by acute whole-body radiation in mice. The model includes both initiation and promotion and analyzes pre-malignant cell dynamics on two different time scales: comparatively short-term during irradiation and long-term during the entire life span. Our results suggest general mechanistic similarities between radiation carcinogenesis in mice and in human atomic bomb survivors. The excess relative risk (ERR) in mice decreases with age at exposure up to an exposure age of 1 year, which corresponds to mid-adulthood in human...
Normed Vector Spaces

Let S be a set. By a distance function on S one means a function d(x,y) of pairs of elements of S, with values in the real numbers, satisfying the following conditions: d(x, y)≥ 0 for all x, y∈ S, and = 0 if and only if x = y. d(x, y) = d(y,x) for all x,y ∈ S. d(x, y) ≤ d(x, z) + d(z,y) for all x, y, z ∈ S.
Pecan Weevil Adult Emergence, Onset of Oviposition and Larval Emergence from the Nut as Affected by the Phenology of the Pecan

Emergence of adult Curculio caryae (Horn) from the soil apparently is unaffected by pecan variety. Hardness of the pecan shell and the gelatinous condition of the ovule appear to have an effect on initiation of oviposition. Larval emergence from infested pecans also varied consistent with the onset of oviposition and the phenology of the pecan. These findings indicate that a pecan weevil pest management program can be developed to concentrate on preventing oviposition as a management strategy.
Electronic Theory of Mn - Alloyed Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

Recent calculations of the electronic structure and magnetic interactions in Mn - alloyed II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are summarized. Detailed band structure results are obtained using an empirical tight-binding, coherent potential approximation approach with input from experiment and local spin density band calculations. The dominant magnetic interactions in these systems result from hybridization between spin-split Mn d states and sp valence bands. Superexchange between Mn moments is well described by a simple three-level model which yields accurate Mn - Mn exchange constants for a variety of II-VI DMS as well as the rocksalt insulators MnO and α-MnS.
At the Limits of Adjudication: Standard Terms in Consumer Contracts

This chapter first identifies three features of standard form contracts that challenge the classical theory of contract: standard terms lack of salience, consumers lack practical choice over such terms, and the scale of standard terms across an industry renders bilateral agreements a form of mass private regulation. After offering a descriptive overview of American treatment of standard terms, the chapter reviews how scholars have thus far conceptualized the challenge of standard terms. We have seen the lenses of consent, cognitive error, market failure, substantive unfairness and democratic degradation. Each view identifies an important concern but also suffers from some limitation in its accounting of the problem. The chapter builds off these theories to propose an alternative framework: Standard terms create cumulative externalities that implicate the public interest in ways that are not easily taken into account in the course of resolving bilateral disputes. We need legislative action that not only disallows an inevitably limited set of standard terms but also empowers courts to take into account certain externalities in the way contracts are read and enforced. For example, the scope of evidence considered relevant to contract adjudication and the interpretive defaults used to read contracts should be adjusted so that courts are in a position to limit the cumulative negative externalities of standard terms.
A difficult whole: reading Ananya Chatterjea’s Mohona, Estuaries of Desire

AbstractThis article elucidates a pedagogical formulation delineating the collaborative, relational, and process-oriented nature of viewing dance as a practice-as-research (PaR) enquiry emanating in the field of South Asian Dance Studies. Being an Odissi practitioner, an Indian classical dance form from the eastern Indian state of Odisha, I account for my perspective as my embodied learning gets in the way of how I analyze Mohona: Estuaries of Desire, a dance-theater production by Ananya Dance Theatre (ADT) that premiered on 20–21 September 2013 in Minneapolis. Mohona is directed by dance-scholar-activist, Ananya Chatterjea, Artistic Director of ADT and a trained Odissi dancer. Mohona means “estuary” in Bengali and refers to confluence of the river with the ocean. I see Chatterjea’s work as a confluence of various elements because the choreography draws movement from Odissi and other Indian somatic practices like Yoga and Chhau. Architect Robert Venturi inspires me to think of contemporary Indian dance as...
The Evaluation of Measurement Uncertaintyfor Watt-hour Meter Calibration Device

Uncertainty of measurement is a parameter associated with the results,which characterized with the dispersion of values that are reasonably attributed to the measurement.In order to instruct the measurement uncertainty evaluation in different occasions,the manner of device decomposition was adopted in the process of Watt-hour meter calibration device standard foundation.While after standardizing foundation,the device grade could be accepted as an uncertainty value relating to device.At last,examples were offered.
Synthesizing Round Based Fault-Tolerant Programs Using Genetic Programming

In this paper, we present an approach to synthesize round based distributed fault-tolerant programs using stack based genetic programming. Our approach evolves a fault-tolerant program based on a round based structure and the program specification. To permit such evolution, we use a multi-objective fitness function that characterizes the correctness of the program in the absence of faults, in the presence of a single fault and in the presence of multiple faults. This multi-objective fitness function attempts to synthesize a program that works equally well in all these scenarios. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using two case studies: a byzantine agreement problem and a token ring problem.
Is it time for a new paradigm in calcific aortic valve disease

At an average heart rate of 70 beats/min, the aortic valve in a 70-year-old patient will have opened and closed, incessantly, over 25 million times. It is not surprising then that calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), which becomes clinically apparent only late in life, was previously considered a
Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver transplantation in adults. Although the recurrence of HCV infection after liver transplantation is nearly universal, the recent advances in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents have revolutionized the management of HCV infection in the posttransplant setting. A number of these agents have been evaluated in recent clinical trials and have shown high sustained virologic response rates, shorter durations of treatment, and decreased adverse events when compared with the previous treatment of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. This article will review the current literature on the efficacy, tolerability, and potential drug interactions of various DAA agents in patients with recurrent HCV infection posttransplant.
How to Market the Smart Home: Focus on Emergent Experience, Not Use Cases

For smart home adoption to expand beyond the niche segments of technologically sophisticated upscale consumers and technology-focused DIYers, marketers must do a better job of understanding the inherent value the smart home offers. Current marketing approaches are fragmented and focus on individual devices and single use cases. Most companies are wondering which combination of entry points - appliance and home entertainment control, energy management, pet monitoring, property protection, safety and security - make the most sense. But, the mass market is not buying a platform or devices controlled by an algorithm, they are buying an experience. The key to smart home marketing is to view the smart home as a complex dynamic system, an assemblage with new capacities from ongoing interactions among devices and consumers, from which new experiences emerge. Marketers must focus on communicating the value proposition inherent in experience; current approaches may actually be underselling the smart home. We discuss the value of our framework and offer eight actionable insights derived from our research that can guide marketer action in the early stages of adoption and usage of consumer Internet of Things devices that comprise the smart home.
Improving Family Literacy Practices

A 10-question Likert-type scale survey was presented to parents of children enrolled in the Imagination Library’s (IL) program. IL sends age-appropriate books once a month to children from birth to...
A tool for the quantitative spatial analysis of mammary gland epithelium

In this paper we present a method for the spatial analysis of complex cellular systems based on a multiscale study of neighborhood relationships. A function to measure those relationships, M, is introduced. The refined relative neighborhood graph is then presented as a method to establish vicinity relationships within layered cellular structures, and particularized to epithelial cell nuclei in the mammary gland. Finally, the method is illustrated with two examples that show interactions within one population of epithelial cells and between two different populations.
Friction Blisters on the Hands Treated Successfully Using 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate: A Case Report.

Background:Friction blisters on the hand are challenging to treat as conventional dressings are prone to saturation, contamination, and loosening with active hand use and other mechanical stresses....
A severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia inducing an acute antibody-mediated pulmonary graft rejection

A 40-year-old cystic fibrosis woman with a history of double-lung transplantation 2 years previously was admitted for a progressive respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed fever (39°C) and diffuse bilateral lung crackles. Laboratory findings included severe hypoxemia and inflammatory syndrome. Bronchoalveolar lavage and serological test were positive for mycoplasma pneumonia. As the patient did not improve after 3 days of antibiotics and donor-specific HLA antibodies had been detected, an acute antibody-mediated graft rejection was treated with high-dose corticosteroids, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. The patient rapidly improved. Unfortunately, 6 months after this episode, she developed a bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome with a dependence to noninvasive ventilator leading to the indication of retransplantation. This case illustrates the possible relationship between infection and humoral rejection. These two diagnoses should be promptly investigated and systematically treated in lung transplant recipients.
Nondestructive Depth-Profiling of Multilayer Structures by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is the newest nondestructive and nonperturbing technique for characterizing surfaces, interfaces, and multilayer structures. The technique was originally developed and perfected by Aspnes of Bell Laboratories and a commercial instrument is currently available. After a brief description of the basic principles involved in this technique, one of its many applications — the depth profiling of multilayer structures — is described. Further details about SE and its other applications can be found elsewhere.The automated spectroscopic ellipsometer that has been built in our laboratory is based on the design of Aspnes and Studna. A schematic diagram of the instrument is shown in Figure 1. It is basically a rotating analyzer ellipsometer operated by an on-line Apple computer, and it has spectroscopic scanning capability. Plane polarized monochromatic light is allowed to be incident on the sample at a chosen angle of incidence. The characteristics of the elliptically polarized reflected light is analyzed by a rotating analyzer. As Budde has shown, Fourier analysis of the detector output in a rotating analyzer ellipsometer yields the desired ellipsometric parameters Δ and ψ characterizing the material under study. Aspnes has pointed out that with proper design, alignment and operation, the precision attained is very high, and accuracy of the data is also as high as that attainable with null ellipsometers. The results of our own studies confirm these conclusions. Such measurements are carried out at a number of discrete wavelengths (˜100) distributed uniformly in the UV-visible-near IR spectral range.
Sago: A Disparaged but Essential Food of the Abelam of Papua New Guinea

AbstractSago is a starchy food processed from the pith of the sago palm. Although it is their staple in the lean time between the harvests of more savory options, the Abelam people of Papua New Guinea do not relish it. The interlude between yam harvests has been called the “hungry time” (though there is plenty to eat) both because of the perceived unpalatability of sago and the monotony of a sago-based diet. But the sago palm has many advantages: it is long-lived, requires little attention, and can be harvested almost any time. It serves both as seasonal fare and as an emergency food supply for hard times, insuring against crop failure and providing food security. Sago protected the Abelam during the severe drought of 1997–98 and its aftermath, and is now supplementing their diet as they recover from the 2015 El Nino drought. Why, then, is it so disparaged? This article argues that Abelam traditionally regarded themselves as “People of the Yam,” viewing sago as prototypically “Not Yam.” Sago grows in less...
Dysfunctional legal system – a sign of weak social politics

The present article analyzes the value patterns of the current legal system in Lithuania. The legal system here is described as a broader definition than that of the system of law. The legal system is understood as a social formation of the legal environment which represents the unity of the legal consciousness, system of law and legal practice of any social group. Law is one of the most important ways in which modern civic societies function. On the one hand, society’s legal system is an instrument of social politics through which decisions are exercised and their consequences are evaluated. On the other hand, social processes have a direct impact on the changes within the legal system itself. The current legal system in Lithuania does not live up to the ideals of the emerging civic society. This has been conditioned by the behavioral models which have started appearing during the transition from totalitarianism to democracy and which have not conformed to the society’s expectations of social justice. An aggressive implementation of these models has brought Lithuanian society to a moral crisis. The analysis of this process has shown that to protect their interests, government elites have been consistently making use of legal nihilism and the breaches in the system of law. The power of the non– transparent agreements between political and business groups has become a significant phenomenon in shaping a negative legal environment. The negativity and obscurity of the current legal environment have become the main factors of the social disorganization in Lithuania.
Abstract 39: Platelet Reactivity to Prostaglandin E2 is a Novel Modifiable Risk Factor for St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Patients with lower thresholds for platelet activation are at increased risk for primary and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and overall cardiovascular (CV) mortality. We have demonstrated that there are two phenotypes of platelet response to Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), such that it increases threshold for aggregation in 45% of individuals (inhibitory) and lowers threshold for aggregation in 55% (potentiating). As PGE 2 is present in atherosclerotic plaques, and its receptors are present on platelets, biologic variability in PGE 2 responses may have clinical implications. We hypothesized that patients with higher thresholds for platelet activation would have a lower risk of thrombotic CV events, specifically ST-Elevation MI (STEMI). Methods: 85 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for stable or unstable coronary disease were phenotyped for PGE 2 response. Platelet rich plasma was treated with various concentrations of U46,619 (thromboxane agonist) with or without PGE 2 100 nM, and phenotype determined by light aggregometry. Analysis of the maximum PGE 2 effect (maximum aggregation with PGE 2 minus maximum aggregation without it) was performed using linear and non-linear statistical methods. Results: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were similar between groups. A higher percentage of patients with the potentiating phenotype had a history of STEMI than those with the inhibitory phenotype. Logistic regression using restricted cubic spline showed that the predicted probabilities of STEMI increased from 0.04 (at the strongest inhibitory phenotype) to 0.43 (at the median phenotype). The OR of phenotype at the median relative to that at the 10th quantile was 7.4 (95 % CI=1.6, 34.8). Conclusions: PGE 2 inhibitory phenotype confers a decreased lifetime risk of STEMI in individuals at high risk for CV events. We have previously shown that an EP3 receptor antagonist converts the potentiating to the inhibitory phenotype. Thus, the PGE2 phenotype may be a novel marker of cardiovascular risk that may also identify patients who would benefit from an EP3 antagonist.
Assessing Career Adaptability

Scholarship on career adaptability is rapidly expanding in order to understand the dynamic ways individuals navigate the occupational landscape of the 21st century. This requires reflection on the historical origins and measurement of this important vocational construct. The present chapter highlights the evolution of conceptualizing and assessing career adaptability. Prevailing quantitative and qualitative measurement approaches are reviewed along with implications for cultural validity. Rottinghaus and Eshelman’s (American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp. 25–39, 2015) six-step sequential integrative career counselling model serves as a guiding framework for assessing career adaptability. The importance of incorporating quantitative measures, qualitative measures, and cultural reflection in career adaptability assessment is explored through the case study of Shelly. Finally, implications and recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
Characteristics of Desaturation and Respiratory Rate in Postoperative Patients Breathing Room Air Versus Supplemental Oxygen: Are They Different?

BACKGROUND:Routine monitoring of postoperative patients with pulse oximetry–based surveillance monitoring has been shown to reduce adverse events. However, there is some concern that pulse oximetry is limited in its ability to detect deterioration quickly enough to allow for intervention in patients
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in elderly patients: Complete cytoreduction is feasible and crucial for improved survival despite high carcinomatosis index

Background We aimed to study the surgical outcomes of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in elderly patients, and investigate whether the pursuit of complete cytoreduction implies a survival benefit despite a high peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI). Patients and methods All CRS and HIPEC procedures performed for patients with peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM) ≥65 years old between 2005-2017 were included. A control group comprising patients 60-64 years old who underwent CRS and HIPEC over the same period was also selected for comparison of characteristics and outcomes. Results A total of 54 elderly patients and 27 control patients were included. Increasing age did not result in any difference in demographics, perioperative characteristics, or surgical outcomes. Elderly patients who achieved completeness of cytoreduction (CC) 0/1 were compared to those with CC2/3, and were found to have a higher body mass index, lower peritoneal cancer index, higher rate of inpatient mortality, and a significantly longer median survival (43 vs. 15 months; p=0.020). Cox multivariate regression identified Charlson score ≥2, the occurrence of major morbidities, colorectal and sarcoma primary tumor, and CC2/3 as significant predictors of poor survival. Conclusion CRS and HIPEC are feasible in elderly patients without a significant effect of increasing age on the surgical outcomes. CC0/1 carries higher postoperative mortality rate, but yields a longer overall survival. Baseline comorbidities, postoperative complications, certain histologies, and CC2/3 are predictors of poor prognosis in this population. PCI is a predictor of CC, but not of survival when CC0/1 is achieved.
Intravenous Drug Use-Associated Scopulariopsis Endophthalmitis Treated with Systemic and Intravitreal Voriconazole.

Purpose: To report a case of intravenous (i.v.) heroin use-associated endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Scopulariopsis fungal species, and its response to intravitreal and oral voriconazole treatments. Patient: A 21-year-old-female with chronic hepatitis C and i.v. heroin use presented with subacute decreased vision to hand motion in her left eye. Results: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by Scopulariopsis was confirmed by vitreous biopsy. The patient improved clinically after vitrectomy with intravitreal voriconazole and 3 weeks of oral voriconazole. The final vision was 20/60 after 6 months. Conclusions: Scopulariopsis is a rare cause of endophthalmitis, and is often difficult to treat due to its resistance to commonly used antifungals. This case is the first report of Scopulariopsis endophthalmitis secondary to i.v. drug use.
Postoperative surgical trainee opioid prescribing practices (POST OPP): an institutional study

Abstract Background Increasing mortality from opioid overdoses has prompted increased focus on prescribing practices of physicians. Unfortunately, resident physicians rarely receive formal education in effective opioid prescribing practices or postoperative pain management. Data to inform surgical training programs regarding the utility and feasibility of formal training are lacking. Methods Following Institutional Review Board approval, a single institution's resident physicians who had completed at least one surgical rotation were surveyed to assess knowledge of pain management and evaluate opioid prescribing practices. Results Fifty-three respondents (68% males and 32% females) completed the survey. Most respondents denied receiving formal instruction in opioid pain medication prescribing practices during either medical school (62.3%) or residency (56.6%); however, nearly all respondents stated they were aware of the side effects of opioid pain medications, and a majority felt confident in their knowledge of opioid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Of the respondents, 47% either “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that they prescribed more opioid medications than necessary to patients being discharged following a surgical procedure. Individual case scenario responses demonstrated variability in the number of morphine milligram equivalents prescribed across scenarios (P Conclusions This pilot study shows wide variability in opioid prescribing practices and attitudes toward pain management among surgical trainees, illustrating the potential utility of formal education in pain management and effective prescribing of these medications. A broader assessment of surgical trainees' knowledge and perception of opioid prescribing practices is warranted to facilitate the development of such a program.
Talking points: A modulating circle reduces listening effort without improving speech recognition

Speech recognition is improved when the acoustic input is accompanied by visual cues provided by a talking face (Erber in Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 12(2), 423–425 1969; Sumby & Pollack in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 26(2), 212–215, 1954). One way that the visual signal facilitates speech recognition is by providing the listener with information about fine phonetic detail that complements information from the auditory signal. However, given that degraded face stimuli can still improve speech recognition accuracy (Munhall et al. in Perception & Psychophysics, 66(4), 574–583, 2004), and static or moving shapes can improve speech detection accuracy (Bernstein et al. in Speech Communication, 44(1/4), 5–18, 2004), aspects of the visual signal other than fine phonetic detail may also contribute to the perception of speech. In two experiments, we show that a modulating circle providing information about the onset, offset, and acoustic amplitude envelope of the speech does not improve recognition of spoken sentences (Experiment 1) or words (Experiment 2), but does reduce the effort necessary to recognize speech. These results suggest that although fine phonetic detail may be required for the visual signal to benefit speech recognition, low-level features of the visual signal may function to reduce the cognitive effort associated with processing speech.
Analysis of intraoperative radiation use in vascular surgery: Catalyst for quality improvement in patient and personnel safety.

ObjectivesThere is paucity in the literature reporting radiation usage analysis in vascular surgery. In the era of endovascular surgeries, analyzing the surgeons’ use of radiation in vascular proce...
Image Labeling with Markov Random Fields and Conditional Random Fields.

Most existing methods for object segmentation in computer vision are formulated as a labeling task. This, in general, could be transferred to a pixel-wise label assignment task, which is quite similar to the structure of hidden Markov random field. In terms of Markov random field, each pixel can be regarded as a state and has a transition probability to its neighbor pixel, the label behind each pixel is a latent variable and has an emission probability from its corresponding state. In this paper, we reviewed several modern image labeling methods based on Markov random field and conditional random Field. And we compare the result of these methods with some classical image labeling methods. The experiment demonstrates that the introduction of Markov random field and conditional random field make a big difference in the segmentation result.
Nodules and masses are associated with malignant pleural effusion in dogs and cats but many other intrathoracic CT features are poor predictors of the effusion type

Thoracic CT may be used in the workup of patients with pleural effusion. In humans, certain pleural features on CT aid in diagnosing an underlying cause for pleural effusion, whereas this is not well studied in veterinary medicine. This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study assessed pleural and other intrathoracic abnormalities on CT in dogs and cats with pleural effusion and explored potential discriminatory features between effusion types. Eighty-nine dogs and 32 cats with pleural cytology and/or histopathology were categorized into malignant pleural disease (15 dogs and 11 cats), pyothorax (34 dogs and 7 cats), chylothorax (20 dogs and 11 cats), transudative (11 dogs and 2 cats), and hemorrhagic effusion (9 dogs and 1 cat). Multivariable logistic regression analysis comparing malignancy to other effusions found that older patient age (dogs: odds ratio 1.28, P = 0.015; cats: odds ratio 1.53, P = 0.005), nodular diaphragmatic pleural thickening (dogs: odds ratio 7.64, P = 0.021; cats: odds ratio 13.67, P = 0.031), costal pleural masses (dogs: odds ratio 21.50, P = 0.018; cats: odds ratio 32.74, P = 0.019), and pulmonary masses (dogs: odds ratio 44.67, P = 0.002; cats: odds ratio 18.26, P = 0.077) were associated with malignancy. In dogs, any costal pleural abnormality (odds ratio 47.55, P = 0.002) and pulmonary masses (odds ratio 10.05, P = 0.004) were associated with malignancy/pyothorax, whereas any costal pleural abnormality (odds ratio 0.14, P = 0.006) and sternal lymphadenopathy (odds ratio 0.22, P = 0.040) were inversely associated with transudates. There were, however, many overlapping abnormalities between effusion types, so further diagnostic testing remains important for diagnosis.
Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome After Canine Bite.

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS) from an infected source is rare because most cases result from trauma. There are cases of ACTS occurring after feline bites, but none in the reported literature after canine bites. The following is a case report of a 58-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with progressive median nerve symptoms after a canine bite. In the operating room, a significant mass effect was found within the contents of the carpal tunnel secondary to an abundance of purulence. The patient was treated urgently with irrigation and debridement of the wrist with an extended open carpal tunnel release and flexor tenosynovectomy and discharged with peripheral venous access for long-term antibiotics. At 1-month follow-up, the healed wound showed no signs of infection. A mild sensory deficit remained in the median nerve distribution.
Radiation from Flames in a Microgravity Environment: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

Fire safety in microgravity is extremely important due to the potential threat of fire for astronauts and spacecraft. One of the main effects of reduced gravity on combustion processes is the suppression of buoyancy. When the flow field around a flame is very mild, radiative exchanges between flame, solid fuel, and environment can determine the flame strength and growth. During the recent Burning and Suppression of Solid Fuels (BASS) investigation, several thin flat acrylic samples were burned in opposed-flow configuration with flow velocity varying between 0 cm/s and 42 cm/s, thicknesses from 100 µm to 400 µm, and oxygen concentration between 17% and 22%. Total radiation recorded by a radiometer positioned at a fixed location with a complete view of the spreading flame is presented as a function of different parameters. The radiometer signal is found to vary strongly with flow velocity, all other conditions unchanged. By processing the experiment videos with a MATLAB image processing code, data on flame length, projected flame area, sooty area (represented by the yellow color as opposed to blue), and burning rate (through evaluation of instantaneous flame spread rate) are obtained to explore if the radiation signature can be correlated with sooty or overall flame areas, or the burning rate. A comprehensive numerical model that includes gas and surface radiation, including radiation feedback from the gas to the solid, but not soot, is used to explore the same parametric study of the BASS flames’ total radiation signature. The detailed information obtained from the numerical solutions are used to interpret the radiation measurements in the microgravity experiments, which can be used for testing and refining further modeling efforts.
Comparison of Achilles Tendon Healing After Exposure to Combusted Tobacco, Vaping, and Control in a Rat Model:

Objectives:The negative effects of smoking have been well documented following orthopedic injury. Though nicotine has been shown to be detrimental to musculoskeletal tissue healing, nicotine in the...
Inherited predisposition to myeloid malignancies.

Germline predisposition to myeloid malignancies is increasingly recognized, and numerous susceptibility syndromes are now well described. Both inherited and de novo germline mutations can be seen, and mutations range from point mutations to deletions and other structural chromosomal rearrangements.
Using “Knowing That” and “Knowing How” to Inform Learning of Peripheral Vein Cannulation in Nursing Education

Background Peripheral vein cannulation is one of the most common invasive practical nursing skills performed by registered nurses. However, many registered nurses lack competence in this practical skill. Learning peripheral vein cannulation associated with successful placement and maintenance is not well understood. Framework Ryle's ways of knowing, "knowing that" and "knowing how", can be used during peripheral vein cannulation learning to guide development and competence in this practical skill. Aim The aim of the article was to provide an overview of Ryle's ways of knowing and to make recommendations for best practices for nurse teachers and nurses teaching students peripheral vein cannulation. Conclusion Ryle's ways of knowing can assist nursing students in their learning and development of peripheral vein cannulation.
Effects of native and exotic congeners on diversity of invertebrate natural enemies, available spider biomass, and pest control services in residential landscapes

Exotic plants are common in urban landscapes and are often planted by landscape managers in an effort to reduce herbivory damage and improve landscape aesthetics. However, exotic plants may be less palatable to many native insects and reduce herbivore biomass that may fuel higher trophic levels. Furthermore, a loss of herbivores in exotic ornamental landscapes may reduce top-down control by natural enemies. In this study, we compare herbivory in native and exotic congener ornamental landscapes. We also explore if caterpillar abundance, natural enemy abundance, diversity, community composition, spider biomass, and egg predation differ between the two landscape types. We predicted that herbivory, as well as natural enemy abundance and predation would be greater in native landscapes. Although we found that leaf area lost to herbivory was greater in native plots in one of the collection years, this relationship was weak. Natural enemy diversity differed between landscape types, but depended on plant genus. The relationship between plant origin and natural enemy diversity was also weak. Caterpillar abundance, natural enemy community composition, spider biomass, and predation services did not differ between treatments. Overall, our results suggest that ornamental landscapes planted in native plants may not differ from landscapes planted in exotic congeners in the pest management and conservation services they provide, particularly with regard to invertebrate natural enemies. However, our findings cannot be used to make more general claims about plant origin, especially with regard to native plants and non-congeners, as we only compared ornamental landscapes with native plants and their exotic congeners in this study. We conclude that for optimizing natural enemy diversity and biomass on city landscapes, plant choice and other plant traits may be as important as plant origin to consider. Our work demonstrates that both native and exotic congener ornamental landscapes provide valuable ecosystem services and will help guide landscape design that serves both the people and wildlife that use them.
Female and male rats readily consume and prefer oxycodone to water in a chronic, continuous access, two-bottle oral voluntary paradigm

Abstract The increasing abuse of opioids - such as oxycodone - poses major challenges for health and socioeconomic systems. Human prescription opioid abuse is marked by chronic, voluntary, oral intake and sex differences. To develop interventions, the field would benefit from a preclinical paradigm that similarly provides rodents with chronic, continuous, oral, voluntary and free-choice access to oxycodone. Here we show female and male rats voluntarily ingest and choose oxycodone over water and show both dependence and motivation to take oxycodone during a chronic oral voluntary, two-bottle choice, continuous access paradigm. Adult female and male Long-Evans rats were given unlimited, continuous homecage access to two bottles containing water (Control) or one bottle of water and one bottle of oxycodone dissolved in water (Experimental). Virtually all experimental rats voluntarily drank oxycodone (~10 mg/kg/day) and escalated their intake over 22 weeks. Females self-administered twice as much oxycodone by body weight (leading to higher blood levels of oxycodone) and engaged in more gnawing behavior of wooden blocks relative to males. Precipitated withdrawal revealed high levels of dependence in both sexes. Reflecting motivation to drink oxycodone, ascending concentrations of citric acid suppressed the intake of oxycodone (Experimental) and the intake of water (Control); however, Experimental rats returned to pre-citric acid preference levels whereas Controls rats did not. Pre-screening behaviors of rats on open field exploration predicted oxycodone intake. Thus, rats consumed and preferred oxycodone over time in this chronic two-bottle oral choice paradigm and both sexes displayed many features of human oxycodone abuse.
Time for the 4GLs

Our expectations to use more and more realistic mathematical models of complex phenomena grow as computers become bigger and faster. Highly parallel computers (comprising 1000 or more processors) offer attractive potential for gains in performance, but the task of exploiting the parallelism still lies with the applications programmer. The combination of more complex (alternately, more realistic) algorithms and complex architectures make general solutions to the larger problem difficult to reach.
Irrigation System Descriptions for Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Crops in Florida

Florida's tropical and subtropical fruit crop industries use various irrigation systems, including high-volume systems designed for irrigation and freeze protection, drip systems for herbaceous fruit crops (papaya, banana), and microsprinkler types, mainly for irrigation and fertigation. There continues to be a steady stream of potential tropical and subtropical fruit producers in Florida, many with little to no knowledge of the various types or purposes of various irrigation system that have been used successfully for the past 60 years. This new 9-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department includes potential producers, Extension faculty and agents, and irrigation companies. Written by Jonathan Crane, Haimanote Bayabil, Edward A. Evans, and Fredy Ballen.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1375
Steps expressed relative to body fat mass predicts body composition and cardiometabolic risk in adults eating ad libitum.

Excess body fatness is a consequence of a chronic energy surplus (energy intake is greater than energy expenditure). Given the serious health consequences of excess body fatness, factors that influence energy balance and body composition are increasingly important to understand. Methods - A total of 34 adults between the ages of 19-40 years made a laboratory visit in which height, weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors were quantified. Participants wore accelerometers for 21-28 days, then returned to the laboratory for a second body composition assessment. Changes in weight and body composition were used to quantify energy balance, and data derived from accelerometers provided markers of physical activity and sedentariness. Results - Of the markers of physical activity that we measured, daily step counts expressed relative to fat mass was most strongly and consistently associated with body fatness and cardiometabolic risk status. Conclusions - Step counts expressed relative to fat mass were strongly associated with body composition and cardiometabolic risk in adults eating ad libitum. Longitudinal interventional studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of step count prescriptions expressed relative to existing and target body fatness and cardiometabolic risk levels for improving weight management and metabolic outcomes.
African Youth Engagement with Global Space Governance: The Case of Arizona State University's Interplanetary Initiative Space Governance Innovation Contest

The resolution adopted at the African Leadership Conference on Space Science and Technology in Ethiopia in 2019 stated, inter alia, that African youth should be central to the development of the Af...
Factors Contributing to Early Intervention Evaluation.

Abstract Objective Early Intervention (EI) programs promote early childhood development but remain underutilized. Few studies have examined correlations with completion of EI referrals using a standardized referral system. Our study examined a minority, underserved population for characteristics that affect this critical step. Methods Subjects were referred from an inner-city pediatric primary care clinic for EI evaluation from 3/1/15-5/31/18. Subjects were Results Of 181 children referred to EI, 61.9% completed an EI evaluation; the average age was 18.9 (SD 7.4) months at first referral. For every additional month of age at the initial referral, a child was 5.0% less likely to complete an evaluation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-0.99; p=.02). Two factors more than doubled the odds of completing an EI evaluation: having a chronic medical illness at the time of referral (aOR=2.41, CI 1.21-4.79; p=.01), and being a child from a non-English speaking family (aOR=2.22, CI 1.09-4.50; p=.03). Conclusions The child's age and medical history, and language spoken at home affected the odds of successfully completing an EI evaluation. These findings can help clinicians target families at risk of failing to complete EI programs.
Associations of dietary and lifestyle oxidative balance scores with mortality risk among older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Substantial basic science evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in aging-related health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, and oxidative stress markers were linked with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in epidemiologic studies. However, the associations of many individual dietary and lifestyle anti-/pro-oxidant exposures with mortality are inconsistent. Oxidative balance scores (OBS) that incorporated multiple dietary and lifestyle factors were previously developed and reported to reflect the collective oxidative effects of multiple exposures. We investigated associations of 11-component dietary and 4-component (physical activity, adiposity, alcohol, and smoking) lifestyle OBS (higher scores were considered more anti-oxidative) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women 55–69 years of age at baseline in the prospective Iowa Women’s Health Study (1986–2012). We assessed OBS-mortality associations using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Of the 34,137 cancer-free women included in the analytic cohort, 18,058 died (4521 from cancer, and 6825 from CVD) during a mean/median 22.0/26.1 person-years of follow-up. Among participants in the highest relative to the lowest lifestyle OBS quintiles, the adjusted hazards ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for all-cause, all-cancer, and all-CVD mortality were 0.50 (0.48, 0.53), 0.47 (0.43, 0.52), and 0.54 (0.50, 0.58) (all Ptrend < 0.001), respectively. The associations of the dietary OBS with mortality were close to null. Our findings, combined with results from previous studies, suggest that a predominance of antioxidant over pro-oxidant lifestyle exposures may be associated with lower all-cause, all-CVD, and all-cancer mortality risk.
The retrotransposon R2 maintains Drosophila ribosomal DNA repeats

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) account for 80-90% of all transcripts in eukaryotic cells1. To meet this demand, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene that codes for rRNA is tandemly repeated hundreds of times, comprising rDNA loci on eukaryotic chromosomes2-6. This repetitiveness imposes a challenge to maintaining sufficient copy number due to spontaneous intra-chromatid recombination between repetitive units causing copy number loss7. The progressive shrinking of rDNA loci from generation to generation could lead to extinction of the lineage8, yet the mechanism(s) to counteract spontaneous copy number loss remained unclear. Here, we show that the rDNA-specific retrotransposon R2 is essential for rDNA copy number (CN) maintenance in the Drosophila male germline, despite the perceived disruptive nature of transposable elements. Depletion of R2 led to defective rDNA CN maintenance in multiple contexts, causing a decline in fecundity over generations and eventual extinction of the lineage. Our data suggests that DNA double strand breaks generated by R2 is the initiating event of rDNA CN expansion, stimulating the repair processes proposed to underlie rDNA CN expansion9. This study reveals that retrotransposons can provide a benefit to their hosts, contrary to their reputation as genomic parasitic, which may contribute to their widespread success throughout taxa.