cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute gastric dilatation causing bacterial cerebral aneurysm--case report.

Objective: Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is a very rare entity which can sometimes be life-threatening. We report a case of a patient presenting with a rupture of a BCA during the treatment of AGD. Method: A 24-year-old woman, who had a history of bulimia and vomiting episodes, was transferred in shock with marked abdominal distension. A large nasogastric tube was inserted, and 9 liters of viscous gastric contents were drained out. Her circulation became stable. Results: About 3 months after admission, she became drowsy and presented with a right hemiparesis and aphasia. Computed tomography of the head showed a diffuse thick subarachnoid hemorrhage. Left carotid angiograms revealed an obscurely-shaped aneurysm in the left middle cerebral artery. Conclusion: Trapping of the aneurysm was performed. Thirty-four days after admission, the patient had a residual right hemiparesis and motor aphasia, and was discharged. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Abstract 2065: Loss of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to radiation induced bone loss

A fundamental clinical complication in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer is severe bone loss. Patients with breast cancer routinely received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both are known to increase oxidative stress and bone loss. Underlying mechanism of cancer therapy induced bone loss is poorly understood. We have previouslyreported that treatment with radiation (RT) increases TGFβ1 levels in mice. TGFβ1 increases oxidative stress by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TGFβ1 increases oxidative stress by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling suppresses Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2), a master transcription factor that positively regulates induction of antioxidant gene expression resulting in elevated ROS levels. Our objective is to test the hypothesis whether loss of Nrf2 gene increases the radiation induced bone loss. We have used age matched wild type control and Nrf2-/- mice. Mice were irradiated (single dose, 20 Gy) on the hind legs and microCT analysis was done to measure the overall bone loss. A similar increase in bone loss was noted in mice following histological analysis of the long bones. Additionally, reduction in osteoblast colony forming units and osteoblast differentiation were also noted. We have seen a higher number of osteoclasts in Nrf2-/- mice compared to wild type control and following radiation, the trend remains same. We conclude that, loss of Nrf2 leads to incraesed susceptibility to the radiation induced bone damage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2065. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2065
Fabrication of Thermoelectric Devices for Vehicle Exhaust Applications Using Thermal Spray and Laser Processing

The successful development of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for automotive applications requires advances on several fronts: (1) abundant, low cost, and efficient thermoelectric (TE) materials, (2) industry-scalable material synthesis and device fabrication process, and (3) cost-efficient and reliable integration into existing vehicle systems. Most vehicle TEG approaches to date use flat, prefabricated modules that are placed in contact with a custom-built exhaust component/heat exchanger to capture waste heat. We are developing a single-step, integrated approach involving non-equilibrium synthesis, 3D conformal deposition and rapid formation of patterned structures, which is well-suited for large-scale waste-heat TEG applications.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Measuring Profitability Impacts of Information Technology: Use of Risk Adjusted Measures

This study focuses on understanding how investments in information technology are reflected in the income statements and balance sheets of firms. Today, little doubt exists that information technology is being used by organizations in a wide variety of settings and ways and that information technology is critical for the smooth operation of many organizations. Further, a strong body of research exists showing that information technology usage is positively correlated with organizational productivity. However, empirical evidence of information technology contributing to corporate profitability has not been forthcoming. Although the income statements, balance sheets, and cash-flow statements all together summarize the financial structure, health and profitability of firms but still much doubt and confusion exists over the impacts of information technology usage on a firm's “hard” numbers such as revenues, cost, profit margins, or financial ratios and structure. So far, only a few studies have found a significant positive relationship between information technology and some aspect of corporate profitability. The present research argues that the inability of earlier studies to identify the relationship between information technology investments and bottom-line performance is in part because of methodological reasons. This study first defines and develops risk-adjusted measures of corporate profitability. Then, it examines the income statements and balance sheets of more than 500 firms that are leading users of information technology for the period 1988-98. Finally, the study shows that the relationship between information technology investments and corporate profitability is much better explained by using risk-adjusted measures of corporate profitability than using the same measures of corporate profitability but unadjusted for risk.
Novel Sulfonanilide Analogs Decrease Aromatase Activity in Breast Cancer Cells: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Ligand-Based Pharmacophore Identification

Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens and is a particularly attractive target in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Previously, the COX-2 selective inhibitor nimesulide and analogs decreased aromatase expression and enzyme activity independent of COX-2 inhibition. In this manuscript, a combinatorial approach was used to generate diversely substituted novel sulfonanilides by parallel synthesis. Their pharmacological evaluation as agents for suppression of aromatase activity in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells was extensively explored. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was elaborated for selective aromatase modulation (SAM) using the Catalyst HipHop algorithms. The best qualitative model consisted of four features: one aromatic ring, two hydrogen bond acceptors, and one hydrophobic function. Several lead compounds have also been tested in aromatase transfected MCF-7 cells, and they significantly suppressed cellular aromatase activity. The results suggest that both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms of these compounds are involved within the aromatase suppression effect.
Cite me, cite my references?: (Scholarly use of the ACM SIGIR proceedings based on two citation indexes)

A three-part study was designed to document Internet use in scholarly research, using the Annual SIGIR Conference Proceedings from 1997 through 1999. The results suggest an increasing trend toward electronic self-publishing. Furthermore, while electronic availability did not insure that one would be cited, the most highly cited articles were available on the "free" web. The study also found that electronic availability has not, in most cases, decreased the length of time between publication and citation.
Adenoviral gene transfer of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) partially restores normal pulmonary arterial pressure in eNOS-deficient mice

It has been shown that mice deficient in the gene coding for endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) have increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In the present study, the effect of transfer to the lung of an adenoviral vector encoding the eNOS gene (AdCMVeNOS) on pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was investigated in eNOS-deficient mice. One day after intratracheal administration of AdCMVeNOS to eNOS−/− mice, there was an increase in eNOS protein, cGMP levels, and calcium-dependent conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline in the lung. The increase in eNOS protein and activity in eNOS−/− mice was associated with a reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance when compared with values in eNOS-deficient mice treated with vehicle or a control adenoviral vector coding for β-galactosidase, AdCMVβgal. These data suggest that in vivo gene transfer of eNOS to the lung in eNOS−/− mice can increase eNOS staining, eNOS protein, calcium-dependent NOS activity, and cGMP levels and partially restore pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to near levels measured in eNOS+/+ mice. Thus, the major finding in this study is that in vivo gene transfer of eNOS to the lung in large part corrects a genetic deficiency resulting from eNOS deletion and may be a useful therapeutic intervention for the treatment of pulmonary hypertensive disorders in which eNOS activity is reduced.
ENDOGENOUS ESTROGEN MEDIATES A HIGHER THRESHOLD FOR ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION IN FEMALES

Myocardial endotoxin tolerance may be induced in both males and females; however, it remains unknown whether there are mechanistic and threshold differences between the sexes. We hypothesized that ...
Use of the tetrachoric correlation model in assessing clinical tests

Categorical data on n patients are classified according to the results on an initial clinical test T, and also with respect to a subsequent and definitive diagnosis D. In this paper the sensitivity (=), specificity (=) and predictive values (=v) are discussed with reference to the tetrachoric correlation model based on the bivariate normal density (e.g. PEARSON, 1901; KENDALL and STUART, 1972, II, p. 317). The result of HAMDAN (1970) concerning the equivalence of the tetrachoric rt and the maximum likelihood estimate of the correlation coefficient is utilized in this paper to obtain a test of significance concerning rt, and also the relation between the tetrachoric function w and the relative risk ψ for the 2X2 table.
Synchronous and metachronous squamous cell carcinomas of the head, neck and esophagus

Thirty-four (1%) of 3,287 patients with squamous carcinoma of the head-neck developed carcinoma of the esophagus. The clinical and radiological importance of this relationship is emphasized. Since there is an increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma in this group, perhaps all such patients should have an annual esophagogram.
Reaction Joining of Aluminum‐Doped Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide to Yttria‐Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia for Gas Sensor Applications

Aluminum-doped lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (LSAM) has been investigated as an electrically conductive ceramic material. LSAM formulations with varying amounts of aluminum were synthesized using standard ceramic processing followed by pressure-less sintering in air. Electrical conductivity of LSAM was measured as a function of aluminum content and temperature. Optimum LSAM formulations were joined to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YTZP) using a high-temperature deformation process. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the joint interface. Joining was attributed to the formation of a reaction layer of strontium zirconate. Joining of LSAM to oxygen-ion conducting YTZP has implications in using this approach as interconnect for variety of high-temperature applications, including fuel cells and gas sensors.
Evaluating fit in functional data analysis using model embeddings

The author proposes a general method for evaluating the fit of a model for functional data. His approach consists of embedding the proposed model into a larger family of models, assuming the true process generating the data is within the larger family, and then computing a posterior distribution for the Kullback-Leibler distance between the true and the proposed models. The technique is illustrated on biomechanical data reported by Ramsay, Flanagan & Wang (1995). It is developed in detail for hierarchical polynomial models such as those found in Lindley & Smith (1972), and is also generally applicable to longitudinal data analysis where polynomials are fit to many individuals. L'auteur propose une methode generale pour juger de l'adequation d'un modele pour donnees fonctionnelles. Son approche consiste a plonger le modele envisage dans une classe plus vaste de modeles dont un des membres est cense generer les donnees, puis a calculer une loi a posteriori pour la distance de Kullback-Leibler entre les deux. La technique est illustree au moyen de donnees biomecaniques rapportees par Ramsay, Flanagan & Wang (1995). Elle est developpeen detail pour des modeles polynomiaux hierarchiques tels que ceux decrits par Lindley & Smith (1972) et s'applique aussi bien aux situations ou des polynǒmes sont utilises pour analyser des donnees longitudinales prelevees sur differents individus.
Socioeconomic position, health behaviors, and C-reactive protein: A moderated-mediation analysis

Objective We sought to understand the link between low SEP and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by examining the association between SEP, health-related coping behaviors, and C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker and independent risk factor for CVD in a US sample of adults.
An immunofluorescent method for characterization of Barrett's esophagus cells.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has an overall survival rate of less than 17% and incidence of EAC has risen dramatically over the past two decades. One of the primary risk factors of EAC is Barrett’s esophagus (BE), a metaplastic change of the normal squamous esophagus in response to chronic heartburn. Despite the well-established connection between EAC and BE, interrogation of the molecular events, particularly altered signaling pathways involving progression of BE to EAC, are poorly understood. Much of this is due to the lack of suitable in vitro models available to study these diseases. Recently, immortalized BE cell lines have become commercially available allowing for in vitro studies of BE. Here, we present a method for immunofluorescent staining of immortalized BE cell lines, allowing in vitro characterization of cell signaling and structure after exposure to therapeutic compounds. Application of these techniques will help develop insight into the mechanisms involved in BE to EAC progression and provide potential avenues for treatment and prevention of EAC.
A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 4. Intraparticle Heterogeneity and Phase-Distribution Relationships under Nonequilibrium Conditions

Rates of phenanthrene sorption by four different types of soils and sediments were characterized by examining the time dependence of solute phase distribution relationships (PDRs) in completely-mixed batch reactors. Unlike conventional single-level concentration methods, the experiments were conducted using a range of concentrations to obtain a time series of nonequilibrium PDRs for each sorbent−sorbate system over reaction periods ranging from 1 min to 14 days. In all cases tested, the nonequilibrium PDRs changed from approximately linear form to increasingly nonlinear form as the time of reaction increased. A Freundlich-type relationship, q(t) = KF(t)C(t)n(t), was used to relate values of measured temporal solid-phase solute concentrations, q(t), to corresponding solution-phase solute concentrations C(t). After a short “initiation” stage, the parameters n(t) and KF(t) were observed to vary functionally with logarithmic time. A three-domain particle-scale model predicated on the existence of discrete soi...
Late Cenozoic Movement on the Fairweather Fault in Southeastern Alaska

A tentative history of late Cenozoic displacement on the Fairweather fault is presented. Geomorphic observations suggest predominantly dextral strike-slip movement at a rate of a few centimeters per year for at least the last millenium. The associated dip-slip component of motion is several times smaller than the strike-slip component. Little variation in the rate and the nature of displacement on the Fairweather fault from early Pliocene time to the present is consistent with interpretations of sea-floor spreading in the North Pacific Ocean.
Resonant normal-incidence separate-absorption-charge-multiplication Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes

In this work the impedance of separate-absorption-charge-multiplication Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes (APD) is characterized over a large range of bias voltage. An equivalent circuit with an inductive element is presented for modeling the Ge/Si APD. All the parameters for the elements included in the equivalent circuit are extracted by fitting the measured S22 with the genetic algorithm optimization. Due to a resonance in the avalanche region, the frequency response of the APD has a peak enhancement when the bias voltage is relatively high, which is observed in the measurement and agrees with the theoretical calculation shown in this paper.
The spatial distribution of coronae and related features on Venus

Coronae are large quasi-circular geologica features that are common on Venus. They appear to be the surface tectonic and volcanic expressions of mantle diapirs that have impinged on the underside of the venusian lithosphere. We have investigated the spatial distribution of 335 coronae and related features identified in Magellan radar data. It is more clustered than a Poisson distribution, with a statistical certainty of more than 99%. It is dominated by a single large cluster centered near the equator at about 245 deg longitude. The features are preferentially found at elevation and geoid values close to the planetary mean, with a paucity at both the highest and lowest levels of topgraphy and geoid. Some coronae appear aligned in quasi-linear chains. We attribute the clustering of coronae and related features to preferential formation of these features above regions of broad-scale mantle upwelling, and suggest that a major mantle upwelling underlies the one large cluster. We suggest that coronae are rare at the lowest elevations because these may be regions of mantle downwelling. The shortage of coronae at the highest elevations may result both from obscuration by other intense tectonism there and from suppression there of their formation by an unusually thick crust. Corona chains may be produced by enhanced passive mantle uplift below failed or incipient rifts.
Biological agent detection and identification using pattern recognition

This paper discusses a novel approach for the automatic identification of biological agents. The essence of the approach is a combination of gene expression, microarray-based sensing, information fusion, machine learning and pattern recognition. Integration of these elements is a distinguishing aspect of the approach, leading to a number of significant advantages. Amongst them are the applicability to various agent types including bacteria, viruses, toxins, and other, ability to operate without the knowledge of a pathogen's genome sequence and without the need for bioagent-speciific materials or reagents, and a high level of extensibility. Furthermore, the approach allows detection of uncatalogued agents, including emerging pathogens. The approach offers a promising avenue for automatic identification of biological agents for applications such as medical diagnostics, bioforensics, and biodefense.
Use of ribosomal DNA sequence data to characterize and detect a neogregarine pathogen of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

A neogregarine parasite of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was discovered recently in Florida and tentatively placed in the Mattesia genus based on morphological characterization. S. invicta infected with this Mattesia species exhibited a characteristic yellowing of the cuticle which was designated Mattesia “yellow-head disease” (YHD). The 18S rRNA gene sequence from Mattesia YHD was elucidated and compared with the neogregarine pathogens, Mattesia geminata and Ophriocystis elektroscirrha. The sequence data support the previous conclusion that Mattesia YHD is a new species that infects S. invicta. Furthermore, high sequence identity between Mattesia YHD, M. geminata (95.7%), and O. elektroscirrha (86.2%) correctly place the YHD organism in the Mattesia genus and Neogregarinorida order. Oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed to unique areas of the 18S rRNA genes of Mattesia YHD and S. invicta. Multiplex PCR resulted in sensitive and specific detection of Mattesia YHD infection of S. invicta.
Use of radiolabeled antagonist assays for assessing agonism at D2 and D3 dopamine receptors: comparison with functional GTPγS assays.

Abstract Background Cell-based drug screening assays are essential tools for drug discovery and development targeting G protein-coupled receptors, which include dopamine D 3 receptors. D 3 is notorious for its poor coupling to G protein in most heterologous cell lines, and therefore D 3 agonist-stimulated binding of [ 35 S]GTP γ S to G protein cannot be observed in many “non-functional” D 3 expressing cell lines. New method The present work explores the use of an alternate method for assessing agonist activity, consisting of measuring the difference in agonist competition between [ 3 H]spiperone bound to low-affinity states of the receptor and that with radioligand bound to high-affinity states (GTP shift assay). Comparison with existing method The current study describes the determination of GTP shifts in [ 3 H]spiperone binding assays for the assessment of agonists’ potencies (at D 2 and D 3 ) and efficacies (at D 3 ). Compared with GTP γ 35 S binding assays, the new method removes the cumbersome need of functional D 3 cell lines and limited project duration due to short half-life of isotope 35 S. Conclusion The new method allows the estimation of potency (D 2 and D 3 ) and efficacy (D 3 ) at the level of receptor and G protein activation in a simple fashion from shifts in monophasic-inhibition curves. Moreover, it does not require [ 35 S]GTP γ S binding assays with functional D 3 cells. This method will have wide applicability for D 3 -selective agonist screening. It may also be useful for other GPCRs circumventing the need for functional assays and offering the ability to detect agonist activity regardless of the particular signaling pathway.
Panning for gold: using variograms to select useful connections in a temporal multigraph setting

As social networks continue growing in size and popularity, so does the amount of data that is publically available pertaining to the members of these networks, which results in a rapid growth of the types of connections that can potentially be established between members of the network. With this increasing amount of available information, the task of examining social networks becomes more exciting and more difficult at the same time. Researchers now have to filter the large field of potentially useful information to find the golden nuggets that will serve their needs, while ignoring data that would actually hamper their experiments. To address this issue, we propose a novel integration of a variogram-based system for selecting potentially informative relationships with a Gaussian Conditional Random Field (GCRF) model that is able to perform node attribute prediction in social networks that are both temporal and contain a wide variety of relationship types. By first evaluating the large pool of relationships via variograms, which can be done very quickly, we are able to fully utilize the power of the GCRF model, which becomes computationally expensive when the network size or the number of relationships examined grows. Our experiments show that we can use variograms to narrow the potential field of relationships drastically and consequently make the GCRF model run in a reasonable amount of time and remain accurate.
A conformal CPW folded slot antenna array printed on a Kapton substrate

In this paper, a newly developed two element conformal folded slot antenna array is introduced. To preserve the flexibility of the array, a coplanar waveguide transmission line is used to feed both elements of the array. Measurements show that a very good impedance match between the source and antenna exists for various bend angles. Furthermore, measurements of the radiation pattern show that for various bend angles of the antenna away from the transmitter, the broadside radiation is only slightly affected. Finally, several designs are simulated to show how various aspects of the antenna geometry affect the input impedance. Overall, good agreement between measurements and simulation is observed.
An integrated system for interstitial 192Ir implants.

Abstract An efficient system for preparing, afterloading, and removing interstitial 192 Ir strands has been developed. Use of the system reduces the risk of personnel exposure and eliminates some patient discomfort. The system is "integrated" in that all aspects of the implantation process are considered, from source preparation to source removal. Strand preparation is facilitated by an "assembly line" process using shielded equipment. Components include a handling block for measuring and cutting active strands, a mirror, and a transport container. Afterloading and removal techniques use quick release devices and several forms of afterloading tubing and catheters, each terminated by a Luer lock adapter. Both blind-end and through-and-through implants are possible. Each 192 Ir strand, threaded through an injection cap that mates with the Luer lock adapter, is quickly inserted into its tubing or catheter and locked into place. No crimping is required and no additional positioning of the sources is needed. Strand removal is easily accomplished by unlocking and removing the injection cap. The strands receive no mechanical damage and can be reused after appropriate cleaning. More than 100 cases have been performed without incident. Applications include head/neck, breast, and template and non-template vaginal wall treatments.
Does productivity growth fall after the adoption of new technology

Abstract A number of theoretical models of technology adoption have been proposed that imply that measured productivity growth may initially fall and then later rise after the adoption of a new technology. This paper investigates whether or not this implication is a feature of plant-level data from the Colombian manufacturing sector. We focus on technology adoption embodied in new equipment. We find evidence that the effect of a large equipment purchase is initially to reduce plant-level total factor productivity growth.
Magnetic and superconducting properties of single-crystal TmNi2B2C.

The temperature (T) and applied magnetic field (H) dependent magnetization has been measured for a single crystal of ${\mathrm{TmNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C in order to study the interplay of superconductivity and the magnetism of the Tm sublattice. The normal-state magnetization of ${\mathrm{TmNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C is anisotropic from 2 to 300 K with the magnetic field applied normal to the c axis (H\ensuremath{\perp}c) leading to a smaller induced magnetization than the magnetization for the magnetic field applied parallel to the c axis (H\ensuremath{\parallel}c). This anisotropy is attributed to crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting of the J=6 manifold of the ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{+3}$ ion. From the inverse susceptibility [1/\ensuremath{\chi}(T)] for H\ensuremath{\parallel}c and H\ensuremath{\perp}c, the CEF parameter, ${\mathit{B}}_{2}^{0}$, is found to be (-1.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02) K. The superconducting state magnetization for H\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) obeys the Ginzburg-Landau theory which is used to evaluate the upper critical magnetic field ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) and ${\mathit{dH}}_{\mathit{c}2}$/dT${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}_{\mathit{T}\mathit{c}}$ values. The superconducting properties in this temperature region are similar to those of the nonmagnetic superconductor ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C, which has been shown to be an isotropic conventional type-II superconductor. For T\ensuremath{\le}6 K, ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) shows highly anisotropic behavior: ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}2${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\parallel}}\mathit{c}}$. For both H\ensuremath{\parallel}c and H\ensuremath{\perp}c, ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) reaches a broad maximum near 4 K and decreases as T approaches ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$=(1.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05) K, indicating the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism. The broad maximum in ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) of ${\mathrm{TmNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C is likely a result of the increasing Tm sublattice magnetization at ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(T) with decreasing temperature, rather than of antiferromagnetic fluctuations.
Beyond individual differences : Social differentiation from first principles

The author seeks to explain the emergence of social differentiation by developing a theory of information and social structure. This theory makes explanations of social differentiation offered by Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim more precise by borrowing simple assumptions from Kathleen Carley's constructural model and from the symbolic interactionist perspective. The author's arguments amplify an important insight of the classical theorists : no assumption of individual differences is necessary to explain the emergence of social differentiation. Computer simulations show that simple assumptions about interaction patterns, communication, the social construction of knowledge, and forgetting imply that originally undifferentiated social systems will become differentiated over time. The simulations show that system size negatively affects cultural homogeneity and positively affects social differentiation. Memory, or the capacity of individuals to store information, is determined by the information technologies individuals have at their disposal. Memory positively affects cultural homogeneity and negatively affects social differentiation. Memory also positively affects the size of integrated social systems such as organizations and societies. The author considers implications of this theory for the origins of sociodemographic dimensions, the study of inequality, and the sociology of culture
Creating realistic, scenario-based synthetic data for test and evaluation of information analytics software

We describe the Threat Stream Generator, a method and a toolset for creating realistic, synthetic test data for information analytics applications. Finding or creating useful test data sets is difficult for a team focused on creating solutions to information analysis problems. First, real data that might be considered good for testing analytic applications may not be available or may be classified. In the latter case, tool builders will not have the clearances needed to use, or even see, the data. Second, analysts' time is scarce and obtaining the needed characteristics of real data from them to create a test data set is difficult. Finally, generating good test data is challenging. Commercial data generators are focused on large database testing, not information analytics tool testing. Our distinctive contribution is that we embed known ground truth in a test data set, so that tool developers and others will be able to determine the effectiveness of their software and how they are progressing in their support for information analysts. Our automated methods also significantly decrease data set development time. We review our approach to scenario development, threat insertion strategies, data set development, and data set evaluation. We also discuss our recent successes in using our data in open analytic competitions.
Novel synthesis of a conformationally-constrained analog of DDATHF

Abstract A conformationally-constrained analog of DDATHF, in which the glutamate moiety is tied back to the benzoyl ring through an isoindolinone ring, has been synthesized through a series of steps which commence with a Diels-Alder reaction of the Danishefsky diene with 4,4-diethoxybut-2-ynal.
Cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis masquerading as myocardial ischemia

Abstract purpose: Cocaine abuse has recently emerged as a major problem among young adults, and is increasingly associated with a variety of medical complications. In view of recent reports demonstrating that illicit cocaine use may cause rhabdomyolysis, we reviewed the collective experience of a university-affiliated medical center to identify patients with cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis. patients and methods: Among hospital admissions due to acute cocaine abuse during the period June 1987 through June 1988, we identified seven patients who exhibited biochemical evidence of skeletal muscle injury. Six of these patients presented within one hour of free-basing cocaine with complaints of thoracic skeletal muscle pain. Hospital admission was prompted by the suspicion of myocardial ischemia or infarction. The remaining patient was incidentally found to have an elevated serum level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) after abusing cocaine and was hospitalized to exclude a cardiac origin. results: Serum CPK levels in the seven patients rose to a mean peak value of 16.1 ± 3.6 μkat/L, and returned toward normal within 72 hours. A cardiac origin for the elevated CPK values was excluded by negative results of determinations of CPK-MB fractions. conclusion: Rhabdomyolysis must be added to the every-growing list of medical complications associated with the illicit use of cocaine. Skeletal muscle injury may be a more common complication of cocaine abuse than has previously been appreciated, escaping medical attention when the clinical manifestations are relatively mild. The importance of recognizing this clinical entity lies in the potential confusion with myocardial ischemia. This point is illustrated by the fact that each of our patients was hospitalized to exclude the possibility of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction. Cardiac ischemia could not be differentiated from skeletal muscle injury solely on the basis of clinical assessment.
Romantic Attitudes toward Love in Men and Women

A 29-item attitude scale (in a Likert-format) to measure whether one's attitude toward love is romantic or rational (Knox & Sporakowski, 1968) was completed by 807 students aged 18 to 22 yr. and enrolled in college courses. A three-way analysis of variance was carried on the love attitude scores by sex, age, and experience of love (measured as are you presently in love-yes versus no--and were you ever in love-yes versus no). The main effect of sex was significant, with men having a more romantic attitude (Ms = 81.6 and 83.5; Pl/777 = 7.69,f = 0.005). Women were also more likely than men to be currently in love (61% versus 46%, xz2 = 20.20, fl < 0.001). The main effect of age was also significant, with the younger students having a more romantic score (means in order of increasing age 81.3, 81.2, 82.5, 85.0, and 85.1; F4/777 = 3.94, p = 0.004). Experience of love was also significantly related to the romantic attitude toward love. Those who had never been in love had a mean score of 85.9, those who had been in love in the past 82.6 and those presently in love 81.9 (F21777 = 5.08, p = 0.006) .' The two-way and three-way interaction terms were not statistically significant. Thus, romantic attitudes are stronger in men, younger students, and those currently in love.
COMPETENCY IN INTEGRATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY: PERSPECTIVES ON TRAINING AND SUPERVISION

Increasingly, many psychotherapists identify with an integrative approach to psychotherapy. In recent years, more attention has been directed toward the operationalization and evaluation of competence in professional psychology and health care service delivery. Aspects of integrative psychotherapy competency may differ from competency in other psychotherapy orientations, although convergence is more often the case. Despite the potential differences, there exist very few formal training programs or guidelines to systematically guide clinicians in developing a competent integrative practice. This paper attempts to distill the essential elements of competent integrative psychotherapy practice and focuses on how these might be developed in training and supervision. We address most of these complex issues from a specific integrative perspective: principle-based assimilative integration.
The international transmission of stock market fluctuation between the developed markets and the Asian—Pacific markets

The study is derived from the weekly return series of the Asian—Pacific emerging markets. The causal relationship between these markets and the two developed markets, US and Japan, is examined for the years 1977 through 1988. The US market can be considered as a ‘global factor’ and is found to lead most of the Asian—Pacific emerging markets with the exception of three relatively closed markets: Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. The Japanese market is found to have a less important influence on the Asian—Pacific emerging markets.
Appraisal of Computer Mapping Techniques as Applied to Miocene Formations of Bayou Carlin and Lake Sand Fields, Southwestern Louisiana: ABSTRACT

A computer-aided subsurface mapping program of the middle Miocene section (-9,500 to -15,000 ft) was attempted for a 160-sq mi tract in the structurally "low" part of the famous "Five Islands" trend of Louisiana. Seven resistivity features were picked from most of 136 electric logs and were correlated and used to make one isopach map, and conventional (manually contoured) structural maps of 4 zones. The same data were then employed to generate computer maps by 2 different approaches: weighted-moving-average (contour maps) and least-square-fits of polynomial surfaces up to the fifth order (trend maps). Numerous computer maps were generated on the high-speed printer and plotter, including structural maps, isopach maps, trend maps, and various residual maps. However, all of them do not appear to convey geologic sense, and some, particularly high-order trend maps, may be of little use. The degree of similarity the computer maps bear with the manual maps varies widely with the map type and technique used. The contour-type maps may best serve as "quick-look" maps, bringing out the major structural elements and guiding the choice of horizons for hand contouring. Others, such as the isopach maps, yield the growth-fault effect and can guide later interpretations. The polynomial surface maps depict regional trends which can be used to make predictions away from known areas, to suggest "highs" and "lows" of significance, and to display meaningful thickness variations. The residual maps show promise of distinguishing structural traps, the locale of growth faulting, and typical tectonic and sedimentational patterns. Computer maps do not supplant manually contoured maps. Some of them, if used early in a mapping program, could aid in picking horizons for hand contouring and could be used as a guide for contouring. Others should be used to suggest corrections in the structure, and still others as guides to the final interpretation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1900------------
Alteration of intracellular monovalent cation concentrations by a poliovirus mutant which encodes a defective 2A protease.

Abstract Poliovirus mutant 2A-1, which encodes a defective protease 2A, fails to inhibit translation of capped mRNAs selectively. Despite the failure of 2A-1 to inactivate cap-dependent translation, a reduction in the overall rate of protein synthesis, both virus and cells-specified, does occur after 2A-1 infection. This global reduction in protein synthesis is temporally correlated with an increase in [Na + ] i and a decrease in [K + ] i The extensive global shutoff of protein synthesis is not observed in 2A-1 infected cellss incubated in low NaCl medium or medium containing an elevated concentration of KCl which compensate for the virally-induced alterations in intracellsular monovalent cation concentrations. Furthermore, 2A-1-specified protein synthesis is only partly resistant to hypertonic NaCl media which increase [Na + ] i , in contrast to protein synthesis specified by wild-type poliovirus. These results suggest that shutoff of host and viral protein synthesis during infection by poliovirus mutant 2A-1 is a consequence of the virus-induced changes in intracellsular monovalent cation concentrations.
Mutational analysis of Escherichia coli MoeA: two functional activities map to the active site cleft.

The molybdenum cofactor is ubiquitous in nature, and the pathway for Moco biosynthesis is conserved in all three domains of life. Recent work has helped to illuminate one of the most enigmatic steps in Moco biosynthesis, ligation of metal to molybdopterin (the organic component of the cofactor) to form the active cofactor. In Escherichia coli, the MoeA protein mediates ligation of Mo to molybdopterin while the MogA protein enhances this process in an ATP-dependent manner. The X-ray crystal structures for both proteins have been previously described as well as two essential MogA residues, Asp49 and Asp82. Here we describe a detailed mutational analysis of the MoeA protein. Variants of conserved residues at the putative active site of MoeA were analyzed for a loss of function in two different, previously described assays, one employing moeA{sup -} crude extracts and the other utilizing a defined system. Oddly, no correlation was observed between the activity in the two assays. In fact, our results showed a general trend toward an inverse relationship between the activity in each assay. Moco binding studies indicated a strong correlation between a variant's ability to bind Moco and its activity in the purified component assay. Crystal structures of themore » functionally characterized MoeA variants revealed no major structural changes, indicating that the functional differences observed are not due to disruption of the protein structure. On the basis of these results, two different functional areas were assigned to regions at or near the MoeA active site cleft.« less
Determinants of the specificity of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 signaling by factor Xa and thrombin

Factor Xa (FXa) elicits intracellular signaling responses through the activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and possibly also through PAR1 in endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated FXa signaling in endothelial cells when the protease was either in free form or assembled into the prothrombinase complex. Furthermore, we prepared several wild-type and mutant PAR1 and PAR2 cleavage-reporter constructs in which their exodomains were fused to cDNA encoding for a soluble alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In the mutants, P2 residues were exchanged between PAR1 and PAR2 cleavage-reporter constructs and the hirudin-like binding site (HLBS) of PAR1 was inserted into the homologous site of PAR2. In non-transfected cells, FXa elicited a protective response which could be blocked by a specific anti-PAR2 but not by an anti-PAR1 antibody. A similar protective activity was observed for FXa in the prothrombinase complex. Further studies revealed that neither the Gla- nor EGF1-domain of FXa is required for its signaling activity, however, the N-terminus Arg-86 and Lys-87 of the EGF2-domain were essential. In the cleavage-reporter transfected cells, FXa cleaved the PAR2 construct effectively, however, replacing its P2-Gly with P2-Pro of PAR1 impaired its cleavage by FXa but improved it by thrombin. A PAR2 construct containing both P2-Pro and HLBS of PAR1 was poorly cleaved by FXa, but effectively by thrombin. A PAR1 construct containing P2 and P3 residues of PAR2 was poorly cleaved by thrombin but effectively by FXa. These results provide new insight into mechanisms through which coagulation proteases specifically interact with their target PAR receptors.
Outpatient management of chronic heart failure

Critical to the success of managing heart failure is appropriate outpatient follow up. Various models of care integrate medical care, pharmacologic intervention, and patient education and support. Key factors in any program are frequent patient assessment with rapid response to even subtle changes in the patient's condition. As the disease progresses, alternative care options such as palliative care and hospice should be integrated into the patient's care regimen.
Prediction of Rotor Dynamic Coefficients in Gas Lubricated Foil Journal Bearings with Corrugated Sub-Foils

A finite element foil bearing model that incorporates radial and circumferential deflections of a corrugated sub-foil into the prediction of rotor dynamic coefficients is presented. The corrugated sub-foil is treated as a continuous structure that supports the top-foil. Radial and circumferential deflections are coupled in the sub-foil model. The Coulomb friction between the top-foil, sub-foil, and the bearing shell is modeled as an equivalent viscous friction. The foil deflections, the film thickness, and gas pressure are then perturbed to calculate the rotor dynamic coefficients. The results are presented demonstrating the effects of frequency, orbit size, and friction coefficient on the rotor dynamic coefficients and the energy dissipation rate.
Analytical criteria for missing orientations on three-dimensional equilibrium shapes

Abstract The equilibrium shape of a crystal is the shape that minimizes its anisotropic interfacial free energy subject to the constraint of constant volume. This shape can be determined geometrically by using the Wulff construction; it can have missing orientations, sharp edges and corners, and its faces can be rounded or flat (facets). In two dimensions, when the surface free energy, γ , is a function of a single angle θ , the analytical criterion for the onset of missing orientations is that γ + γ θ θ changes sign from positive to negative. In three dimensions, for which γ depends on two angles, θ and ϕ , no such analytical criterion is known. A geometrical criterion for missing orientations can be based on the Herring sphere construction. By means of inversion through the origin, an equivalent criterion becomes whether any portion of a polar plot of the reciprocal of γ ( 1 / γ -plot) lies outside a tangent plane. The onset of missing orientations occurs when the 1 / γ -plot changes from convex to concave. An equivalent analytical criterion is obtained by showing that the normal to the 1 / γ -plot is proportional to the ξ vector of Hoffman and Cahn and then using an invariant representation of the Gaussian curvature of the 1 / γ -plot to test its convexity. Results are illustrated for cubic symmetry. As the magnitude of anisotropy is increased, the equilibrium shape loses orientations and tends to an octahedron (positive anisotropy) or a cube (negative anisotropy). A similar formalism can be used to find an analytical criterion for missing orientations on growth shapes of crystals that are growing under the control of anisotropic interface kinetics.