cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potentially Curable Pancreatic Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline

PurposeTo provide evidence-based recommendations to oncologists and others on potentially curative therapy for patients with localized pancreatic cancer.MethodsASCO convened a panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, palliative care, and advocacy experts and conducted a systematic review of literature from January 2002 to June 2015. Outcomes included overall survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials met the systematic review criteria.RecommendationsA multiphase computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis or magnetic resonance imaging should be performed for all patients to assess the anatomic relationships of the primary tumor and for the presence of intra-abdominal metastases. Baseline performance status, comorbidity profile, and goals of care should be evaluated and established. Primary surgical resection is recommended for all patients who have no metastases, appropriate performance and comorbi...
Solutions of the Lattice Equations

As an example of solutions of the lattice equations, consider the one analogous to that in Section 9 for the capacitance of thin dielectric films.
Finite equivalence relations

In this chapter we study general questions about geometric quotients by the finite set theoretic equivalence relations that were used in Chapter 5. These results are somewhat technical and probably the best introduction is to study the examples (9.7) and (9.61). While they do not help with the proofs, they show that the questions are quite subtle and that the theorems are likely to be optimal. Section 9.1 studies the existence question for geometric quotients. Usually they do not exist, but we identify some normality and seminormality properties of stratified spaces that ensure the existence of quotients (9.21). The finiteness of equivalence relations is studied in Section 9.4. The seminormality of subvarieties of geometric quotients is investigated in Section 9.2. In Section 9.3 we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a line bundle to descend to a geometric quotient. This makes it possible to decide when such a quotient is projective. Assumptions The quotient theorems in this chapter hold for quasi-excellent algebraic spaces in characteristic 0. See (9.5) for remarks about schemes. We do not study the positive characteristic case for two reasons: there are much stronger quotient theorems (9.6) and the assumptions (HN) and (HSN) are not known to hold. Our method crucially relies on the descent of normality of subschemes by finite, generically etale morphisms (10.26) which fails in positive characteristic (10.28).
Abstract 5043: ERβ decreases the invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells by regulating mutant p53 gain-of-function

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) display distinct metastatic potential and a poor prognosis despite a relative chemosensitivity. Most (80%) of these highly aggressive tumors express mutant p53 proteins that are known to elicit oncogenic activities that contribute to metastasis and chemoresistance. Despite the lack of estrogen receptor α (ERα), TNBCs express wild-type ERβ (ERβ1). We previously showed that ERβ1 impedes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TNBC cells by repressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Our recent findings indicate that ERβ1 regulates EGFR expression and decreases the invasiveness of TNBC cells by interacting with mutant p53 and inhibiting its function. Suppression of a mutant p53 transcriptional program and induction of p63 activity are essential for the anti-migratory activity of ERβ1 in TNBC cells. These results describe an ERβ1/mutant p53 interaction that disturbs oncogenic signals to inhibit aggressiveness in TNBC. Citation Format: Igor Bado, Fotis Nikolos, Gayani Rajapaksa, Jan-Ake Gustafsson, Christoforos Thomas. ERβ decreases the invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells by regulating mutant p53 gain-of-function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5043. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5043
An automatic radio monitoring and early warning architecture based on C/S for illegal broadcasting

Current radio spectrum monitoring systems are “man-machine” communication systems based on Radio Monitoring Transfer Protocol (RMTP), which are unable to detect and process the radio interference automatically. In this paper an automatic radio monitoring and early warning architecture based on C/S model and internet protocol is proposed. A pilot “machine-machine” system which consists of several sensor nodes and an application & service (A&S) center for monitoring and early warning to illegal broadcasting is implemented using Baidu map JavaScript API technology and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). The sensor node is a RTL-SDR connected to an industrial computer. It mainly takes charge of illegal signal detection, early warning and monitoring data storing. What's more it provides a web service for the A&S center to retrieve the monitoring data in a fixed time interval for further data presentation and statistical analysis.
Towards usable underwater virtual reality systems

The objective of this research is to compare the effectiveness of different tracking devices underwater. There have been few works in aquatic virtual reality (VR) — i.e., VR systems that can be used in a real underwater environment. Moreover, the works that have been done have noted limitations on tracking accuracy. Our initial test results suggest that inertial measurement units work well underwater for orientation tracking but a different approach is needed for position tracking. Towards this goal, we have waterproofed and evaluated several consumer tracking systems intended for gaming to determine the most effective approaches. First, we informally tested infrared systems and fiducial marker based systems, which demonstrated significant limitations of optical approaches. Next, we quantitatively compared inertial measurement units (IMU) and a magnetic tracking system both above water (as a baseline) and underwater. By comparing the devices rotation data, we have discovered that the magnetic tracking system implemented by the Razer Hydra is more accurate underwater as compared to a phone-based IMU. This suggests that magnetic tracking systems should be further explored for underwater VR applications.
Potential of Improving Oil Recovery with Surfactant Additives to Completion Fluids for the Bakken

Fracture treatment performance in Bakken liquid-rich shale reservoirs can be improved by altering rock wettability from oil-wet to water-wet. The use of surfactant additives for altering wettability also results in alteration of the interfacial tension (IFT). The Young–Laplace equation relates the capillary pressure to IFT and contact angle. Thus, it follows that capillarity is significant in nanopores associated with unconventional liquid reservoirs (ULRs) and complex as the contact angle (CA) and IFT varies simultaneously. This study carefully evaluates these interactive variables and compares the performance of anionic, nonionic, blended, and complex nanofluid (CnF) surfactants in recovering liquid hydrocarbon from siliceous and carbonate Bakken shale cores through spontaneous imbibition experiments. In addition, we also analyze the effect of wettability, surfactant adsorption, and IFT alteration on the process. CA measurement is used in determining the original wettability of Bakken cores, as well as ...
Public Understanding of Ebola Risks: Mastering an Unfamiliar Threat

Ebola was the most widely followed news story in the United States in October 2014. Here, we ask what members of the U.S. public learned about the disease, given the often chaotic media environment. Early in 2015, we surveyed a representative sample of 3,447 U.S. residents about their Ebola-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Where possible, we elicited judgments in terms sufficiently precise to allow comparing them to scientific estimates (e.g., the death toll to date and the probability of dying once ill). Respondents' judgments were generally consistent with one another, with scientific knowledge, and with their self-reported behavioral responses and policy preferences. Thus, by the time the threat appeared to have subsided in the United States, members of the public, as a whole, had seemingly mastered its basic contours. Moreover, they could express their beliefs in quantitative terms. Judgments of personal risk were weakly and inconsistently related to reported gender, age, education, income, or political ideology. Better educated and wealthier respondents saw population risks as lower; females saw them as higher. More politically conservative respondents saw Ebola as more transmissible and expressed less support for public health policies. In general, respondents supported providing "honest, accurate information, even if that information worried people." These results suggest the value of proactive communications designed to inform the lay public's decisions, thoughts, and emotions, and informed by concurrent surveys of their responses and needs.
Genetic mapping of biomass yield in three interconnected Miscanthus populations

Improving biomass yield is a major goal of Miscanthus breeding. We conducted a study on one interspecific Miscanthus sinensis × Miscanthus sacchariflorus F1 population and two intraspecific M. sinensis F1 populations, each of which shared a common parent. A field trial was established at Urbana, IL during spring 2011, and phenotypic data were collected in 2012 and 2013 for fourteen yield traits. Six high-density parental genetic maps, as well as a consensus genetic map integrating M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, were developed via the pseudotestcross strategy for noninbred parents with ≥1214 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers generated from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. We confirmed for the first time a whole-genome duplication in M. sacchariflorus relative to Sorghum bicolor, similar to that observed previously for M. sinensis. Four quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis methods for detecting marker-trait associations were compared: (1) individual parental map composite interval mapping analysis, (2) individual parental map stepwise analysis, (3) consensus map single-population stepwise analysis and (4) consensus map joint-population stepwise analysis. These four methods detected 288, 264, 133 and 109 total QTLs, which resolved into 157, 136, 106 and 86 meta-QTLs based on QTL congruency, respectively, including a set of 59 meta-QTLs common to all four analysis methods. Composite interval mapping and stepwise analysis co-identified 118 meta-QTLs across six parental maps, suggesting high reliability of stepwise regression in QTL detection. Joint-population stepwise analysis yielded the highest resolution of QTLs compared to the other three methods across all meta-QTLs. Strong, frequently advantageous transgressive segregation in the three populations indicated a promising future for breeding new higher-yielding cultivars of Miscanthus.
Aggregated responses of human mobility to severe winter storms: An empirical study.

Increasing frequency of extreme winter storms has resulted in costly damages and a disruptive impact on the northeastern United States. It is important to understand human mobility patterns during such storms for disaster preparation and relief operations. We investigated the effects of severe winter storms on human mobility during a 2015 blizzard using 2.69 million Twitter geolocations. We found that displacements of different trip distances and radii of gyration of individuals’ mobility were perturbed significantly. We further explored the characteristics of perturbed mobility during the storm, and demonstrated that individuals’ recurrent mobility does not have a higher degree of similarity with their perturbed mobility, when comparing with its similarity to non-perturbed mobility. These empirical findings on human mobility impacted by severe winter storms have potential long-term implications on emergency response planning and the development of strategies to improve resilience in severe winter storms.
Building ‘College Town’: Economic redevelopment and the construction of community:

In theory, universities and college towns have a mutualistic relationship. However, the reality is far more complex and imbalanced. Our research examines the extent to which redevelopment projects ...
Towards recognition and regard: Creating connectivity in theatre education through intentional wakefulness

In secondary theatre education, activities described as spiritual, mindful and ritualized are normalized components of actor/crew training. Theatre techniques categorized by these concepts contribu...
Linking the gut microbiota to a brain neurotransmitter

The past decade has yielded substantial evidence that the gut microbiome modulates brain function, including for instance behaviors relevant to anxiety and depression, pointing to a need to identify the biological pathways involved. In 2013 Clarke and colleagues reported that the early-life microbiome regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner, findings that opened up numerous lines of inquiry on the effects of the microbiome on neurodevelopment and behavior.
The Pivot Shift: Current Experimental Methodology and Clinical Utility for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Associated Injury

The purpose of this manuscript is to (1) examine the history, techniques, and methodology behind quantitative pivot shift investigations to date and (2) review the current status of pivot shift research for its clinical utility for management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture with associated injuries including the anterolateral complex (ALC). The pivot shift is a useful physical exam maneuver for diagnosis of rotatory instability related to ACL tear. Recent evidence suggests that the pivot shift is multifactorial and can be seen in the presence of ACL tear with concomitant injury to secondary stabilizers or with predisposing anatomical factors. The presence of a pivot shift post-operatively is associated with poorer outcomes after ACL reconstruction. Recent clinical and biomechanical investigations can help guide clinicians in utilizing pivot shift in diagnosis and surgical planning. Further research is needed to clarify optimal management of ALC in addition to ACL injury.
Differential Effects of BMI on Brain Response to Odor in Olfactory, Reward and Memory Regions: Evidence from fMRI.

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, motivating research into the underlying mechanisms. Olfaction is a powerful mediator of food consumption, and obesity has been associated with altered olfactory sensitivity. The current study used an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the central processing of odor in humans to gain insight into the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on the neural processes involved in rating the pleasantness of a food odor during a hunger state and in a satiety state. We hypothesized that, during the hedonic evaluation of food odor, BMI would be associated with differences in brain activation within olfactory and higher order processing areas important for perception, reward, and memory. We report novel findings of a dissociation between the relationship between BMI and activation in reward areas and in olfactory and odor memory areas, i.e., activation in reward areas decreased as BMI increased, whereas activation in primary olfactory and memory regions increased as BMI increased. A greater BMI is associated with decreased activation in the reward and frontal regions, supporting a blunted reward response in obesity. These findings have important potential implications for decision making, response inhibition, and reward-based behaviors that may play key roles as causal and maintenance factors in obesity. In contrast, a greater BMI is associated with an increased activation in the primary olfactory and memory areas, which was observed during a hunger state. These results raise the speculative hypothesis that high BMI may be associated with hyperactivation in the olfactory and memory areas, and that over time, the resulting excitotoxic effects may contribute to neurodegenerative changes in these areas.
Neck linker docking is critical for Kinesin-1 force generation in cells but at a cost to motor speed and processivity

Kinesin force generation involves ATP-induced docking of the neck linker (NL) along the motor core. However, the roles of the proposed steps of NL docking, cover-neck bundle (CNB) and asparagine latch (N-latch) formation, during force generation are unclear. Furthermore, the necessity of NL docking for transport of membrane-bound cargo in cells has not been tested. We generated kinesin-1 motors impaired in CNB and/or N-latch formation based on molecular dynamics simulations. The mutant motors displayed reduced force output and inability to stall in optical trap assays but exhibited increased speeds, run lengths, and landing rates under unloaded conditions. NL docking thus enhances force production but at a cost to speed and processivity. In cells, teams of mutant motors were hindered in their ability to drive transport of Golgi elements (high-load cargo) but not peroxisomes (low-load cargo). These results demonstrate that the NL serves as a mechanical element for kinesin-1 transport under physiological conditions.
Special Issue on Nonconvex Portfolio Optimization

The INFORMS OR & Analytics Student Competition is an annual competition organized by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) to encourage undergraduate and maste...
Use of a real-time, algorithm-driven, publicly displayed, automated signal to improve insulin prescribing practices.

Abstract Aim The clinical andon board (CAB) is a novel electronic surveillance and communication system, which alerts providers to and prompts treatment of dysglycemia. This investigation was designed to determine the CAB’s effectiveness in supporting adherence to standardized evidence-based protocols, as well as improving glycemic control. Methods This study was a retrospective pre/post analysis of insulin orders and blood glucose values. We used a Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Chi2 for all other variables. This study included patients 18 years or older admitted to the hospital medical service as an inpatient with a length of stay greater than 24 h and less than 90 days. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the relationship between CAB and blood glucose. Results The rate of compliance in prescribing basal insulin for patient with diabetes increased from 56% to 77% (p Conclusion This approach is effective in alerting and engaging providers to prescribe insulin in a standardized manner with potential to improve glycemic control.
Respecting voices: how the co-creation of teaching and learning can support academic staff, underrepresented students, and equitable practices

Analyses of how staff and student voices are, or are not, respected in higher education typically unfold in separate conversations. In this discussion, I use narrative analysis of several sources—primary research data, informal participant feedback, and participants’ published essays—to present a case study of how the co-creation of teaching and learning through one pedagogical partnership program brings the voices of staff and students into dialogue. The case study reveals how participating staff and students can develop voices that both speak respectfully and are self-respecting and that can, in turn, contribute to the development of more equitable classroom practices. I provide context for this case study by bringing together key points from literature on staff voice and on student voice, defining co-creation, describing the partnership program, and explaining my research method. The case study itself is constituted by the voices of staff and students who have participated in the partnership program. Drawing on staff words, I show how co-creation supports those staff members in developing voice through dialogue with a diversity of students voices; generating ways of discussing and addressing inequity; and constructing more equitable classroom approaches. Drawing on students’ words, I show how co-creation supports those students in developing voice by positioning them as pedagogical partners to staff and inviting them into dialogue with their staff partners; affirming that they can carry those voices into courses in which they are enrolled; and emboldening them to participate in ongoing conversations about the experiences of underrepresented and underserved students.
Associations between changes in resilient coping and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

The pervasive, damaging nature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents enormous clinical challenges. Understanding the relationship between patients' perceptions of PTSD symptoms and resilient coping strategies may prompt investigation of clinical interventions that improve adaptive, resilient coping skills. In this study, we examined whether changes in resilient coping were related to changes over time in the PTSD symptoms of intrusion and avoidance. A secondary analysis was conducted using longitudinal data from the community-based Washington State Twin Registry. Participants completed the four-item Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and the Avoidance and Intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale (IES) at two points in time that were at least 2 years apart. To limit analyses to participants reporting PTSD symptoms at baseline, an initial value of at least 1.0 on either Avoidance (n = 1,337) or Intrusion (n = 1,206) was required for inclusion in the sample. Using linear regression, we assessed associations of change in BRCS with a change in IES scores, controlling for the respective initial scores on each measure. Controlling for initial BRCS and IES-Intrusion values, we observed a small, statistically significant association between change in BRCS and change in IES-Intrusion scores (b* = -0.07; p = .003). There was no statistically significant association between change in BRCS and change in IES-Avoidance (b* < 0.01; p = .869). In this large, longitudinal sample, increases in resilient coping were related to decreases in intrusive thoughts over time. Because coping patterns can be taught, these results warrant further investigations into adaptive coping patterns associated with diminishing PTSD symptoms.
Positive and Negative Economic Freedom

Uno de los debates mas singulares en la literatura reciente sobre filosofia social se refiere al hecho de que exista un fenomeno tal como la “libertad economica”. Al examinar el concepto anterior en varios autores, uno encuentra, por una parte, que algunos escritores arguyen que existe la experiencia de la libertad cuando una persona obra con los medios economicos que lo posibilitan para obtener los objetos de su eleccion, o que existe la experiencia de la libertad cuando uno tiene la posibilidad de llevar a cabo sus elecciones economicas. Por otra parte, algunos autores, tales como Isaiah Berlin, de Jouvenel y Joel Feinberg, niegan que exista tal tipo de libertad. Ellos creen que la libertad es esencialmente —si no completamente— libertad ante la violencia o la coercion. El proposito de este articulo es mostrar que el primer grupo esta en lo correcto. Berlin proporciona tres argumentos sobre los que basa su rechazo. El primero es que gramaticalmente es incorrecto usar la frase “libertad economica”. El segundo es que la creencia sobre si hay, o no, libertad economica depende de la teoria economica que se sustenta. El tercero es que uno no debe confundir la libertad con las condiciones para la libertad. Se muestra que todos estos objetivos son inadecuados y se presenta una mejor teoria. En consecuencia, debemos desechar la creencia usual en el Occidente de que la libertad es solo una cuestion negativa, en especial la libertad politica y economica. El hacer esto es defender el status quo. [J.A.G.]
Working through Contradictions: Parsons and the Harvard Intellectual Community during the Late 60s and Early 70s

This paper illuminates, in a discussion of my relationship with him, how Talcott Parsons acted out his commitment to the values of cognitive rationality, how he implemented those values when working with students who did not share his liberal politics. I illustrate how students may learn not only from divergences in perspective with one professor, but also from the contradictions between their teachers’s work. There are two contentions here. One concerns the importance of professors encouraging students to encounter points-of-view divergent from the professor’s viewpoint, and then the significance of supporting them when they do so. This is possible only when the values of cognitive rationality regulate activity within a university setting. I illustrate these contentions in a discussion of my work with the political sociologist, Barrington Moore, Jr., the economic theorist, Kenneth Arrow, and the political philosopher, Judith Shklar, each of whose work diverged greatly from Parsons’s theoretical perspective. Lastly, I contend that an understanding of our teachers’s work is manifest in our extension of it, not in criticisms of their ideas, their texts. I show how this was the case in my own work.
An Operatic Inspiration for F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams”

In December 1922, when F. Scott Fitzgerald had published two successful novels and two short story collections and was generally near the height of his popularity, Metropolitan magazine brought out...
Antibody-mediated inhibition of effector B and T cell function.

The process by which lymphocytes are immunologically regulated at the effector stage are not well understood. Both antibodies to antigen or to idiotypic determinants on surface receptors for antigen, raised following antigenic challenge, are thought to contribute to immune homeostasis, at least during the induction phase of the immune response [1]. In our laboratory we have examined and compared the regulatory effects of antigen-specific (anti-TNP) [2], and receptor-specific (anti-p) antibodies on antibodysecreting cells by demonstrating the inhibition of direct plaque-forming cells (PFC) following a brief in vitro pretreatment with antibody before the plaque assay. We have recently extended these studies to show that pretreatment with anti-TNP antibody can specifically inhibit the cytotoxic activity of TNP-specific T killer cells.
Experimental validation of the Active Shielding Particle Pusher code

Passive radiation shielding alone is insufficient for protecting astronauts from galactic cosmic ray exposure. Active shields, utilizing electromagnetic fields to deflect heavy charged ions in space, could be used to supplement conventional passive shielding. Due to experimental limitations, simulation capability is crucial for designing effective active shields. The purpose of this work is to validate the Active Shielding Particle Pusher (ASPP) code, used to characterize active shielding efficacy, using beamline measurements conducted at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Emphasis is placed on (1) comparing shielding efficacy as a function of a scaled dimensionless parameter among various electric dipole sphere sizes and center-to-center distances, (2) comparing shielding efficacy as a function of dipole rotation angle as the voltage applied to each sphere is varied independently, and (3) comparing shielding efficacy observed in measurements and simulations to broaden the validation domain of ASPP. Simulated and measured shielding efficacy data are shown to agree within a factor of 1.10 on average. The results of this work demonstrate that dimensionless scaling of parameters characteristic of the active shield and incident radiation can be used to create scaling laws for a range of ion species relevant for protecting astronauts from galactic cosmic ray exposure at beamline energies.
Analysis of the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016

This article introduces readers to the problems facing Holocaust victims and their heirs today as they seek to recover art stolen during the Nazi era. It provides essential history beginning with Hitler’s rise to power so that readers can understand the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act (hereinafter the “HEAR Act”), a bipartisan piece of legislation currently under consideration by a Senate subcommittee. Part I provides the essential pre-war and WWII-era history. Part II informs readers about the essential decisions a plaintiff must make before filing suit. Part III analyzes the key cases and legal developments concerning Nazi-looted art recovery since 1998. Part IV analyzes the HEAR Act. Part V concludes that the HEAR Act is a positive development that would allow survivors and their heirs a fair chance at recovering their stolen art.
Resonant exceptional-point gyroscopes

Operating an optical device at an EP causes small perturbations  applied to the device’s optical path length to produce a greatly enhanced splitting of resonance frequencies due to the splitting being proportional to  at the EP, instead of  as for conventional devices. For increasingly small  , the EP splitting can therefore be larger by several orders of magnitude by operating sufficiently close to the EP. This enhanced splitting has drawn great interest recently, in particular for the potential to miniaturize the optical gyroscope. However, a small but growing number of publications claim that EP sensors may not achieve a proportionally larger signal-to-noise ratio once the full readout system and noise is accounted for. Many different EP sensors have been proposed, some as passive resonators, others as resonators with internal gain operated either below or above lasing threshold. Each sensor class may use a different readout system to measure the splitting and is therefore subject to different noise, but the recent trend has been that once noise and readout system have been accounted for, the enhanced  response cancels out and a signal-to-noise ratio proportional to  is achieved. Despite this cancellation, enhanced precision in EP sensors has still been predicted, although there is disagreement in whether the enhancement arises from the EP or another aspect of the sensor’s architecture, such as the gain. In this paper, we demonstrate through simulations that the EP in two-coupled-mode resonant (below lasing threshold) gyroscopes plays no role in enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. An all-passive EP gyro is simulated in the limits of shot noise and detector noise to show that in either of these noise limits, no improvement in SNR over the equivalent single-ring gyro is possible. One of the rings is then given gain to show that a large enhancement in detectornoise- limited SNR (~2400 fold) arises, but close proximity to the EP is not necessary to maximize this enhancement; the enhancement is actually significantly larger when the sensor is detuned from the EP. This gain-loss gyro is then compared to a single-ring gyro with gain to show that large sensitivity enhancements are possible in both architectures because the gain compensates the resonator loss, resulting in a narrowing of the resonance linewidth and a greater response to a rotation, but the coupled-ring gyro exhibits a much greater stability to gain fluctuations.
The Habitat Filters of Microbiota-Nourishing Immunity

An imbalance in the microbiota may contribute to many human illnesses, which has prompted efforts to rebalance it by targeting the microbes themselves. However, by supplying the habitat, the host wields a prominent influence over microbial growth at body surfaces, raising the possibility that rebalancing the microbiota by targeting our immune system would be a viable alternative. Host control mechanisms that sculpt the microbial habitat form a functional unit with the microbiota, termed microbiota-nourishing immunity, that confers colonization resistance against pathogens. The host components of microbiota-nourishing immunity can be viewed as habitat filters that select for microbial traits licensing growth and survival in host habitat patches. Here we review current knowledge of how host-derived habitat filters shape the size, species composition, and spatial heterogeneity of the microbiota and discuss whether these host control mechanisms could be harnessed for developing approaches to rebalance microbial communities during dysbiosis.
Unsupervised Learning Methods for Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids

A voltage regulator is a power electronic circuit that provides a stable operating voltage by reducing variations on the terminal voltage, current, frequency, temperature, and related factors of generation units. In this paper, various unsupervised learning methods are used to improve the stability of such voltage regulators using a model-based design. The results show that implementations of some of the clustering algorithms provide better reliability and stability for feedback-based voltage regulators than other methods namely model predictive controller (MPC), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), self-organizing mapping (SOM), and hierarchical clustering (HC) methods. Specifically, the K-Means clustering approach (KM) provided superior stability, albeit a slower response of the output voltage of the voltage regulators. The clustering approach could be applied to improve the efficiency of voltage regulation methods in smart grids and related cyber-physical systems.
A Metabolic Profile of Doctor-Diagnosed Overweight Children

Background: The opportunity of early identification of children with weight issues has not yet been fully utilized in the clinical setting. For more effective utilization of office-based prevention...
Seasonality and disturbance: annual pattern and response of the bacterial and microbial eukaryotic assemblages in a freshwater ecosystem

Summary High-throughput pyrosequencing of SSU rDNA genes was used to obtain monthly snapshots of eukaryotic and bacterial diversity and community structure at two locations in Lake Texoma, a low salinity lake in the south central United States, over 1 year. The lake experienced two disturbance events (i) a localized bloom of Prymnesium parvum restricted to one of the locations that lasted from January to April, and (ii) a large (17 cm), global rain event in the beginning of May, overlaid onto seasonal environmental change. Eukaryotic species richness as well as both eukaryotic and bacterial community similarity exhibited seasonal patterns, including distinct responses to the rain event. The P. parvum bloom created a natural experiment in which to directly explore the effects of an Ecosystem Disruptive Algal Bloom (EDAB) on the microbial community separated from seasonal changes. Microbial species richness was unaffected by the bloom, however, the eukaryotic community structure (evenness) and the patterns of both eukaryotic and bacterial community similarity at bloom and non-bloom sites were statistically distinct during the 4 months of the bloom. These results indicate that physical and biological disturbances as well as seasonal environmental forces contribute to the structure of both the eukaryotic and bacterial communities.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy and applications in structural biology.

Publisher Summary The development of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a practical tool has been concurrent with two major developments in the field. The development of intense synchrotron radiation X-ray sources that permit the study of samples which are dilute in the element of interest, which is often the case with biological samples. The major application of XAS in biology has been in the study of the structure of the metal sites in metalloproteins and metalloenzymes. This was primarily because of the availability of X-ray beam lines at synchrotron sources optimized in the X-ray energy region of metal K-edges (from Ca to Mo) and also the ease of making measurements at such X-ray energies, without interference from absorption by the protein matrix, water, or air. Second, advances being made in the field of bioinorganic chemistry were raising important questions of correlation between structure and function of the metal sites in metalloproteins which were amenable to XAS studies.
Pandora's progeny: ethical issues in assisted human reproduction.

What are the consequences for a society of having chosen to develop a medically mediated form of reproduction? The fact that would-be parents, whatever their social status, are asking physi cians to provide the means of accomplishing what was once an intimate act is hardly an anodyne fact. Whatever the differences in technical variants, reproductive technology appears essentially to be (iemancipating" procreation from the usual conditions of heterosexual commerce. Artificial insemination has long since desexualized the act of conception. IVF has now disembodied conception, a trend that could be extended to the rest of pregnancy by creating the conditions for ectogenesis. The prospect of cloning now augurs the emancipation of procreation from what still remains the fundamental requirement of sexual reproduction, the participation of sexually differentiated beings, and introduces the possibility of using reproductive cells (embryonic stem cells) for nonreproductive therapeutic purposes. What seems to be at stake in the development of these practices is a transformation of the anthropological conditions of procreation}
A Chip-ID generating circuit for dependable LSI using random address errors on embedded SRAM and on-chip memory BIST

A chip-ID generating scheme with high-tamper resistance is proposed. This enables to extract a unique finger print from each chip by using random failure bits in an SRAM under the ID generation mode, and on-chip memory BIST. The stability and average of Humming distance of 128 bit ID become 99.9999999% and 63.9, respectively. The proposed scheme does not require any additional hardware IPs.
Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor.

Popular Religion in China: The Imperial Metaphor. Stephan Feuchtwang. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2001. 283 pp.
Microarrays in Chemical Biology

Advances in both genomics and proteomics have provided researchers with access to large collections of biomolecules, including DNA, proteins, and metabolites. High-throughput methods are needed to study the function and regulation of these biomolecules within complex systems. Microarrays have emerged as a common platform to study biomolecular interactions that involve nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. DNA microarrays have revolutionized genomic research by allowing researchers to study gene expression, sequence variation, and transcription factor binding sites on a whole-genome scale. Protein microarrays can be used to study interactions with other proteins, DNA, RNA, and small molecules, including lipids, carbohydrates, and drugs. Protein microarrays can also be used as analytical tools to profile complex protein mixtures, such as fractionated cell lysates, in an effort to study antibody specificity, measure changes in protein abundance, or characterize disease states. Small-molecule microarrays are useful tools for ligand discovery, comparing inhibitor specificity across enzyme classes, high-throughput, cell-based phenotypic screens, and as diagnostic tools for pathogen detection. The microarray approach has been extended to transfected cell microarrays, RNAi living cell microarrays, virus microarrays, and tissue microarrays. This article reviews chemical strategies for making microarrays and applications of microarrays in chemical biology.
Development of Individual Axon Arbors in a Thalamocortical Circuit Necessary for Song Learning in Zebra Finches

Individual axon arbors within developing neural circuits are remodeled during restricted sensitive periods, leading to the emergence of precise patterns of connectivity and specialized adaptive behaviors. In male zebra finches, the circuit connecting the medial dorsolateral nucleus of the thalamus (DLM) and its cortical target, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (lMAN), is crucial for the acquisition of a normal vocal pattern during the sensitive period for song learning. The shell subregion of lMAN as well as the entire terminal field of DLM axons within lMAN undergo a striking increase in overall volume during early stages of vocal learning followed by an equally substantial decrease by adulthood, by which time birds have acquired stable song patterns. Because the total number of DLM neurons remains stable throughout this period, the dramatic changes within the overall DLM-->lMAN circuit are presumably attributable to dynamic rearrangements at the level of individual DLM axon arbors over the course of vocal learning. To study such rearrangements directly, we reconstructed individual DLM axon arbors in three dimensions at different stages during vocal learning. Unlike axon arbors in other model systems, in which the number of branches increases during development, DLM arbors are unusual in that they have the greatest number of branches at the onset of vocal learning and undergo large-scale retraction during the sensitive period for song learning. Decreases in the degree of overlap between DLM arbors apparently contribute to the increased overall volume of the DLM-->lMAN circuit during vocal learning. These developmental changes in DLM axon arbors occur at the height of the sensitive period for vocal learning, and hence may represent either a morphological correlate of song learning or a necessary prerequisite for acquisition of song.
Commitment to Theory

In summary, authors Rimland, Edelson, and Veale are to be commended for bringing the topic of auditory integration training forward for professional review and debate. AIT offers an excellent forum for consideration of the role of theory in intervention for clinicians engaged in treatment of persons with communication disorders. Each clinician must take a step back on occasion and face the question about treatment efficacy from an objective, data-driven perspective. Such public discussion of AIT as intervention inevitably leads to reexamination of what is meant by success/failure in treatment; indeed, what constitutes intervention itself. AIT is being held up to the scrutiny of both the clinical and research communities, and, if it is valid, it will withstand such inquiry and will even advance our understanding of some very perplexing disorders. In order for that to happen, responsible researchers and clinicians must be willing to shed biases, ask questions, conduct studies, and report them to their profe...
Enhanced lactose cheese milk does not guarantee calcium lactate crystals in finished cheddar cheese.

Abstract Three experimental batches of Cheddar cheese were manufactured in duplicate, with standardization of the initial cheese-milk lactose content to high (5.24%), normal (4.72%, control), and low lactose (3.81%). After 35 d of aging at 4.4°C, the cheeses were subjected to temperature abuse (24 h at 21°C, unopened) and contamination (24 h at 21°C, packages opened and cheeses contaminated with crystal-containing cheese). After aging for 167 d, residual cheese lactose (0.08 to 0.43%) and l (+)-lactate concentrations (1.37 to 1.60%) were high and d (−)-lactate concentrations were low ( l (+)- or d (−)-lactate concentrations were attributable to temperature abuse. However, concentrations of l (+)-lactate were significantly lower and d (−)-lactate were significantly higher in contaminated cheeses than in control cheeses, indicating inoculation (at d 35) with heterofermentative nonstarter lactic acid bacteria able to racemize l (+)-lactate to d (−)-lactate. The fact that none of the cheeses exhibited crystals after 167 d demonstrates that high cheese milk or residual lactose concentrations do not guarantee crystal formation. Contamination with nonstarter lactic acid bacteria can significantly contribute to d (−)-lactate accumulation in cheese.
Multimodal interneurones in the polyclad flatworm,Alloeoplana californica

Two morphological types of interneurones were found in the brainof Alloeoplana californica (Figs. 1, 2). Both respond to water vibration and to light offset (Fig. 3). These responses are blocked by Mg++ or Cd++ (Fig. 4), and habituate to repetitive stimuli (Figs. 6, 10). Even when the light response is habituated, light offset will dishabituate the vibration response (Figs. 7, 10); no other regime tested produced dishabituation of either response. These neurones receive higher-order sensory input, and make subthreshold excitatory synapses on motor pathways; intracellular tetraethylammonium lengthens the time course of the spikes (Fig. 5), and each such spike elicits a contraction in the anterior margin of the animal. We believe that they form part of the neuronal circuitry underlying arousal.
Coexpression of ephrin-Bs and their receptors in colon carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The erythropoietin-producing hepatoma amplified sequence (Eph) family is the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The Ephs (receptors) bind to specific cell-bound ligands, called ephrins. The binding of this ligand-receptor system is dependent on cell-cell interactions. The ephrin-Eph system is important in embryologic development and differentiation of the nervous and vascular systems. In the current study, the authors hypothesized that ephrins may play a role in the growth and development of colon carcinoma and may be expressed differentially in normal and malignant colonic tissues. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern Blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine 11 colon carcinoma cell lines and 20 human colon carcinoma specimens with adjacent uninvolved mucosa for the expression of EphB and ephrin-B family members. RESULTS EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 mRNA expression and ephrin-B2 mRNA expression was detected in all the cell lines and colon carcinoma specimens examined. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ephrin-B2 had higher expression in the colon carcinoma specimens studied than in adjacent normal mucosa. Ephrin-B2 and EphB4 most frequently were expressed on the luminal surface of colon carcinoma epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current suggest that the ephrin-Bs are expressed differentially in colon carcinoma and normal mucosa specimens and thus may play a role in the progression of colon carcinoma. Further studies are necessary to determine the functional role of ephrin-Bs in colon carcinoma angiogenesis and growth. Cancer 2002;94:934–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10122
Model of spring runoff quantity and quality for urban watersheds

Use of deicing chemicals to provide traffic safety during winter causes water quality problems for urban receiving waters. High chloride content from deicing salt changes partitioning between adsorbed and dissolved metals, increasing the dissolved (toxic) metal fraction in snowmelt. Abrasives generate large loads of suspended solids. A model was developed to evaluate the impact of snow removal and road deicing practices on water quality of urban receiving waters. The model was calibrated using data from the Lincoln Creek watershed (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), and verified on 30th Ave. watershed (Edmonton, Alberta). The watersheds differ in winter weather pattern as well as in winter road maintenance. Road salt is used exclusively in Milwaukee to maintain road safety while sand-salt mixture is applied in Edmonton. The quantitative part of the model is based on heat balance theory and describes the processes of snowpack formation, snow melting, infiltration, and runoff formation. The qualitative part calculates the accumulation of pollutants (atmospheric deposition, traffic emission, and deicing chemical application) in snowpack and resulting quality of snowmelt runoff. The mobility of pollutant in the snowpack is determined by partitioning to particulates and ice crystals. The results of simulation for chlorides, suspended solids, and lead are presented.