cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Fredholm integral equation approach to propagation over irregular terrain

A method based on the Fredholm-type integral equation is presented to predict propagation of electromagnetic fields due to a two dimensional source. The method is efficient precisely where the Volterra equation approach fails, and in this sense complements it. The transmitting antenna is vertically polarized and is assumed to generate two-dimensional waves. Propagation is described by terrain elevation profile and the local surface impedance which may vary with distance. The domain of interest is made finite by enclosing the source and the terrain irregularities inside a semicircular boundary on which Bayliss-Turkel radiation boundary conditions are applied to simulate free-space. A boundary integral equation consisting of the irregular terrain and the outer boundary is formulated and solved by the boundary-element method. Numerical results are presented. >
Variational Policy Search via Trajectory Optimization

In order to learn effective control policies for dynamical systems, policy search methods must be able to discover successful executions of the desired task. While random exploration can work well in simple domains, complex and high-dimensional tasks present a serious challenge, particularly when combined with high-dimensional policies that make parameter-space exploration infeasible. We present a method that uses trajectory optimization as a powerful exploration strategy that guides the policy search. A variational decomposition of a maximum likelihood policy objective allows us to use standard trajectory optimization algorithms such as differential dynamic programming, interleaved with standard supervised learning for the policy itself. We demonstrate that the resulting algorithm can outperform prior methods on two challenging locomotion tasks.
Residues in the RNP1-like sequence motif of Rho protein are involved in RNA-binding affinity and discrimination.

Abstract The termination of transcription in Escherichia coli by action of Rho factor is dependent on the ability of this homohexameric protein to make productive interactions with the nascent RNA molecule to be terminated. The roles of two residues in a phylogenetically conserved sequence motif in the RNA-binding domain of Rho, Asp60 and Phe62, were analyzed by studies of the biochemical properties of pure mutant proteins. F62S Rho had greatly reduced affinity for I cro RNA, very poor ability to terminate transcription in vitro by itself and only partial termination activity (at a level consistent with its in vivo defect) in the presence of NusG. D60G Rho had a high affinity for I cro RNA but a much lower ability to discriminate against RNA molecules lacking cis -acting Rho-utilization sequences, and a reduced efficiency of termination that was not improved by NusG. These results indicate a major role for Phe62 in stabilizing the binding of Rho to RNA through hydrophobic interactions, while Asp60 provides an electrostatic repulsive force that allows a rapid dissociation of non- productive complexes with RNA.
A Cost Adjustment Heuristic for Dynamic Lot-Sizing with Uncertain Demand Timing

We define a new heuristic, based on the adjustment of set-up costs, for the dynamic lot-sizing problem when demand timing is uncertain. Using a range of simulated problems, we compare the performance of this cost adjustment heuristic with that of a safety lead time heuristic, Zangwill's deterministic algorithm, which ignores uncertainty, and the optimal solution. Results show that the safety lead time heuristic works well for problems with high shortage costs and high probability of early demands, but poorly in other circumstances. The cost adjustment heuristic is quite robust, generally exceeds the performance of the safety lead time approach, and is relatively insensitive to variations in uncertainty.
The Aesthetic Preferences of Infants: Pictures of Faces that Captivate Their Interest.

This research focused on the observation of infants between the ages of 2 and 18 months with regard to their aesthetic preferences for a variety of visual stimuli. These stimuli included: a black-a...
Testosterone replacement therapy after prostate cancer

Recent evidence suggests that testosterone replacement therapy after prostate cancer treatment may be safer than previously thought. The authors review the basis for the common dilemma as to how to approach the treatment of testosterone deficiency after successful treatment for prostate cancer, and explain how the paradigm is shifting as our knowledge of androgen physiology grows. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Conditioned fear suppresses light-induced resetting of the circadian clock

Abstract The possibility that circadian rhythms can be modulated by emotional state is suggested by clinical evidence of altered physiological and endocrine rhythms in primary depression and related affective disorders 12 , 29 and is supported by experiments in humans [2] and laboratory animals 9 , 19 , 26 showing that stress disrupts circadian rhythmicity. How emotional state might modulate circadian rhythms is not known. [19] Here we report that induction of the emotional state of fear disrupts a process essential for stable entrainment of circadian rhythms, the resetting of the circadian clock by environmental light. [24] A cellular correlate of light-induced clock resetting, expression of the transcription factor Fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (the circadian clock [17] ), and a behavioral measure of clock resetting, phase shifts in free-running activity rhythms, 5 , 18 were found to be suppressed in rats exposed to light in a context made to induce fear by previous pairings with intermittent footshock. These findings show that fear disrupts a physiological process mediating light-induced clock resetting and suggest a mechanism through which emotional state could modulate circadian rhythms.
Brownian motion in thin sheets of viscous fluid

The drag on a cylindrical particle moving in a thin sheet of viscous fluid is calculated. It is supposed that the sheet is embedded in fluid of much lower viscosity. A finite steady drag is obtained, which depends logarithmically on the ratio of the viscosities. The Einstein relation is used to determine the diffusion coefficient for Brownian motion of the particle, with application to the movement of molecules in biological membranes. In addition, the Brownian motion is calculated using the Langevin equation, and a logarithmically time-dependent diffusivity is obtained for the case when the embedding fluid has zero viscosity.
The Effect of Type-2-Diabetes-Related Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction on Skin Physiology and Activities of Daily Living

A common factor contributing to organ damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is impaired tissue blood flow caused by damage to vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Damage can occur even before the clinical diagnosis of diabetes. It can be caused by both a high average blood glucose concentration and/or large daily spikes in blood glucose. While much of the present literature focuses on the damage to VECs and organs from these large glucose excursions, this review will focus on the consequence of this damage, that is, how endothelial cell damage in diabetes affects normal daily activities (e.g., exercise, reaction to typical stimuli) and various treatment modalities (e.g.. contrast baths and electrical stimulation therapy). It is important to understand the effects of VEC damage such as poor skin blood flow, compromised thermoregulation, and altered response to skin pressure in designing diabetes technologies as simple as heating pads and as complex as continuous glucose monitors. At the simplest level, people with diabetes have poor circulation to the skin and other organs. In the skin, even the blood flow response to locally applied pressure, such as during standing, is different than for people who do not have T2DM. Simple weight bearing on the foot can occlude the skin circulation. This makes the skin more susceptible to damage. In addition, endothelial damage has far-reaching effects on the whole body during normal activities of daily living, including an impaired response to local heat, such as hot packs and contrast baths, and higher body temperatures during whole body heating due to impaired blood flow and a reduced ability to sweat. Finally, because of multiple organ damage, people with T2DM have poor balance and gait and impaired exercise performance.
Two examples in varieties of monoids

This note exhibits an infinite independent set of laws for monoids (viz. ( x p y p ) 2 = ( y p x p ) 2 , p prime) and a variety of groups defined by one law (which is x 2 y 2 = y 2 x 2 ) such that the smallest containing variety of monoids is not finitely definable.
Spectral analysis of the electromyogram of the temporal muscle in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Spontaneous EMG activity of one mandibular elevator and postural muscle, the anterior temporalis, was recorded from 20 unanesthetized rhesus monkeys subjected to 4 experimental protocols. The EMG activity was analyzed with a spectral analyzer to determine changes in particular frequency bandwidths after (1) administering a dissociative drug, (2) placing weights on the mandible, (3) detaching the muscle, and (4) adaptation of the muscle to oral respiration. The mean distribution of frequency components indicated that ketamine--HCl increased the power of all frequencies below 400 c/sec, particularly those at 20--40 c/sec. A period of hyperactivity and increased recruitment and discharge of motor units occurred within the first 30 min following administration of the drug. Passive and sustained lowering of the jaw with increased weights indicated that increasing the front incisor distance 2--4 cm significantly decreased the frequency components below 400 c/sec accompanying a decrease in active motor units. Comparison of frequency components of the temporalis EMG before and within 40 days after detachment suggested some subtle variations in the mean distributions predominantly around 200 c/sec but without significant changes. Comparison of the mean spectral distribution between 8 nasal-breathing and 8 oral-breathing monkeys indicated a significant loss of power in the normal dominant frequency range of 20--100 c/sec in the oral respiratory group except for enhancement of the 20 c/sec bandwidth. The results suggest that the anterior temporalis alters its EMG activity during both short (i.e., min, h) and long-term (i.e., months, year) adaptations of the muscle.
Noise analysis in isolation of iodine using three energies

The Poisson noise inherent in multispectral x‐ray imaging systems is formulated to give the SNR under a limited exposure constraint. The SNR value is maximized with respect to the exposure partition among different x‐ray energies. The study shows how to choose suitable spectra and the dose weights. The robustness of these dose weights is also demonstrated for systems of varying bone and tissue contents.
A simple technique to prevent limb ischemia during veno-arterial ECMO using the femoral artery: the posterior tibial approach

Lower extremity ischemia is common when the femoral artery is used for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). We describe a new technique to reperfuse the extremity. The ipsilateral posterior tibial artery is exposed via a small incision behind the medial malleolus. The vessel is cannulated in a retrograde fashion and connected to the arterial limb of the ECMO circuit. Thirty-six patients received a posterior tibial reperfusion cannula: average flow was 155.8 ml/min and increased over the initial 24 hours. Fifty-eight percent received the posterior tibial cannula within 6 hours of ECMO initiation and none sustained permanent lower extremity injury. Of the remaining 42%, three required amputation or developed permanent neurologic injury. Overall survival was 41%. Cannulation of the posterior tibial artery is a simple technique to reperfuse the lower extremity during VA ECMO. The cannula should be inserted within 6 hours of ECMO initiation to avoid irreversible ischemic damage.
Mantle layering from ScS reverberations: 1. Waveform inversion of zeroth-order reverberations

This is the first paper in a four-part sequence that examines the nature of mantle layering required by the multiple-ScS phases and internal reflections observed within the reverberative interval of SH-polarized seismograms. Here we present path-averaged estimates of the two-way travel times through the crust+mantle (τScS) and crust alone (τM), the whole mantle quality factor (QScS) and the reflection coefficient at the M discontinuity (R0(zM)) obtained by iterative waveform inversion of ScS reverberations. We show that QScS estimates derived from direct waveform inversion can be biased significantly if reverberations originating within the crust are ignored, especially in continental regions where the crust is thick. Applying our technique, which explicitly models crustal reverberations, we substantially expand the geographical coverage of τScS and QScS measurements available from previous studies. The τScS data correlate well with whole mantle travel times predicted by the Harvard tomographic models. Both the τScS data and the QScS data support the hypothesis that variations in velocity and attenuation structure between old continents and oceans persist to depths of several hundred kilometers. In particular, the value of QScS derived for paths crossing stable continent is very high (280±30 at 30 mHz) compared with that for mature ocean basin (189±16), consistent with the thick-plate model of cratons requiring that differences in thermal structure extend to several hundred kilometers. The crustal thicknesses implied by the observations of path-averaged τM are consistent with those inferred from short-range refraction data, gravity measurements, and surface topography. The path-averaged reflectivity of the M discontinuity is also tectonically correlated, becoming brighter as the percentage of continental crust encountered along the path increases. This result implies that, on average, the impedance at the base of the continental crust is significantly lower than at the base of the oceanic crust.
Immobilization of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase and Location of Binding Sites by Use of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Microarrays

The genome-wide location of RNA polymerase binding sites was determined in Escherichia coli using chromatin immunoprecipitation and microarrays (chIP-chip). Cross-linked chromatin was isolated in triplicate from rifampin-treated cells, and DNA bound to RNA polymerase was precipitated with an antibody specific for the β′ subunit. The DNA was amplified and hybridized to “tiled” oligonucleotide microarrays representing the whole genome at 25-bp resolution. A total of 1,139 binding sites were detected and evaluated by comparison to gene expression data from identical conditions and to 961 promoters previously identified by established methods. Of the detected binding sites, 418 were located within 1,000 bp of a known promoter, leaving 721 previously unknown RNA polymerase binding sites. Within 200 bp, we were able to detect 51% (189/368) of the known σ70-specific promoters occurring upstream of an expressed open reading frame and 74% (273/368) within 1,000 bp. Conversely, many known promoters were not detected by chIP-chip, leading to an estimated 26% negative-detection rate. Most of the detected binding sites could be associated with expressed transcription units, but 299 binding sites occurred near inactive transcription units. This map of RNA polymerase binding sites represents a foundation for studies of transcription factors in E. coli and an important evaluation of the chIP-chip technique.
A modified particle swarm optimizer

Evolutionary computation techniques, genetic algorithms, evolutionary strategies and genetic programming are motivated by the evolution of nature. A population of individuals, which encode the problem solutions are manipulated according to the rule of survival of the fittest through "genetic" operations, such as mutation, crossover and reproduction. A best solution is evolved through the generations. In contrast to evolutionary computation techniques, Eberhart and Kennedy developed a different algorithm through simulating social behavior (R.C. Eberhart et al., 1996; R.C. Eberhart and J. Kennedy, 1996; J. Kennedy and R.C. Eberhart, 1995; J. Kennedy, 1997). As in other algorithms, a population of individuals exists. This algorithm is called particle swarm optimization (PSO) since it resembles a school of flying birds. In a particle swarm optimizer, instead of using genetic operators, these individuals are "evolved" by cooperation and competition among the individuals themselves through generations. Each particle adjusts its flying according to its own flying experience and its companions' flying experience. We introduce a new parameter, called inertia weight, into the original particle swarm optimizer. Simulations have been done to illustrate the significant and effective impact of this new parameter on the particle swarm optimizer.
Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity

Subjects are reluctant to vaccinate a (hypothetical) child when the vaccination itself can cause death, even when this is much less likely than death from the disease prevented. This effect is even greater when there is a ‘risk group’ for death (with its overall probability held constant), even though the test for membership in the risk group is unavailable. This effect cannot be explained in terms of a tendency to assume that the child is in the risk group. A risk group for death from the disease has no effect on reluctance to vaccinate. The reluctance is an example of omission bias (Spranca, Minsk & Baron, in press), an overgeneralization of a distinction between commissions and omissions to a case in which it is irrelevant. Likewise, it would ordinarily be prudent to find out whether a child is in a risk group before acting, but in this case it is impossible, so knowledge of the existence of the risk group is irrelevant. The risk-group effect is consistent with Frisch & Baron's (1988) interpretation of ambiguity.
Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging in Late-Life Depression

Molecular imaging represents a bridge between basic and clinical neuroscience observations and provides many opportunities for translation and identifying mechanisms that may inform prevention and intervention strategies in late-life depression (LLD). Substantial advances in instrumentation and radiotracer chemistry have resulted in improved sensitivity and spatial resolution and the ability to study in vivo an increasing number of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and, importantly, neuropathological processes. Molecular brain imaging studies in LLD will be reviewed, with a primary focus on positron emission tomography. Future directions for the field of molecular imaging in LLD will be discussed, including integrating molecular imaging with genetic, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive outcomes and multimodality neuroimaging.
The Consequences of Feeling Out of the Loop

Feeling out of the loop is a common experience that people have. This research shows that feeling out of the loop lowers people’s sense of control and power. More interestingly, to overcome this lack of power, people are more likely to take action after feeling out of the loop. They are also more likely to make first offers in negotiations after feeling out of the loop.
Repair of Bone in the Presence of Aseptic Necrosis Resulting from Fractures, Transplantations, and Vascular Obstruction

Aseptic necrosis of bone may result from a number of causes—as vascular disturbances, injuries, the action of chemicals, and the application of radium in the treatment of malignant disease. The process of repair of the damaged area differs with the causative agent and with the amount of functional stimulation to which the part is subjected during the reparative period. It also differs from that seen in cases of necrosis produced by infection. Necrosis en masse produced by severe infection is nearly always followed by a fibroblastic and fixed tissue phagocytic reaction which usually results in complete absorption of the dead bone, if the area is small, or in sequestration, if it is large. However, mild inflammatory reactions, particularly when associated with embolic or thrombotic processes and due to low grade micro-organisms, may sometimes result in necrosis which is followed by simultaneous absorption of dead bone and incomplete, irregular replacement by new bone (creeping substitution).
GraphOps: A Dataflow Library for Graph Analytics Acceleration

Analytics and knowledge extraction on graph data structures have become areas of great interest. For frequently executed algorithms, dedicated hardware accelerators are an energy-efficient avenue to high performance. Unfortunately, they are notoriously labor-intensive to design and verify while meeting stringent time-to-market goals.In this paper, we present GraphOps, a modular hardware library for quickly and easily constructing energy-efficient accelerators for graph analytics algorithms. GraphOps provide a hardware designer with a set of composable graph-specific building blocks, broad enough to target a wide array of graph analytics algorithms. The system is built upon a dataflow execution platform and targets FPGAs, allowing a vendor to use the same hardware to accelerate different types of analytics computation. Low-level hardware implementation details such as flow control, input buffering, rate throttling, and host/interrupt interaction are automatically handled and built into the design of the GraphOps, greatly reducing design time. As an enabling contribution, we also present a novel locality-optimized graph data structure that improves spatial locality and memory efficiency when accessing the graph in main memory.Using the GraphOps system, we construct six different hardware accelerators. Results show that the GraphOps-based accelerators are able to operate close to the bandwidth limit of the hardware platform, the limiting constraint in graph analytics computation.
Cyclical changes in body composition in the annual cycle and migration of the Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis

In changes that are among the most dramatic known for birds, Eared Grebes undergo 3-6 atrophy/hypertrophy cycles in major body constituents annually. The most pronounced takes place at staging areas in fall, when grebes become flightless for up to several months. At this season they accumulate huge fat stores (to 46% of lean body mass) and more than double the mass of body, liver, stomach, and intestine; leg and heart mass also increase. Concurrrently, pectoral muscles atrophy and can shrink below the size needed for flight (11% of total body mass). Before grebes depart for wintering areas these changes are reversed. In a 2-3 week predeparture period body mass drops by one-third as birds catabolize fat and reduce viscera mass by ?50%; leg mass also declines, while pectoral muscle increases. Similar cycles, which do not involve fattening to obesity, are repeated at wintering and breeding locations and, in some birds, on additional spring staging and fall molting areas. Heavy fat deposits in fall may insure that grebes can postpone their migration to wintering areas into the months of maximum darkness, thereby minimizing the risk of predation. The extreme predeparture reductions in leg and visceral mass, which occur in all seasons, reduce flight costs by minimizing wing loading and enhancing flight speed. Why grebes allow pectoral muscles to atrophy if they must rebuild them presently remains a puzzle. Several lines of evidence suggest that grebes attain a specific (optimal?) body composition prior to migrating. Further research into changes that may take place in other species prior to migration or at different times of the annual cycle is warranted.
WILLIAM A. SCHIPP'S BOTANICAL EXPLORATIONS IN THE STANN CREEK AND TOLEDO DISTRICTS, BRITISH HONDURAS (1929—1935)

Herbarium sets distributed by William A. Schipp to European and American institutions represent one of the most significant and extensive collections ever made of the coastal plain flora for the Stann Creek and Toledo Districts of southern British Honduras. Schipp (193334) compiled the first complete flora of these districts in the form of a Catalogue entitled, Flora of British Honduras, Pricelist of Seeds & Herbarium Material. As a professional Botanical Explorer, Schipp's discrimination in the field yielded a total of 154 taxa new to science, including two new genera, Schippia Burret and Schizocardia Smith & Standley (= Purdiaea Planchon). Itineraries for collections made by Schipp from 1929 through 1935 are based on 1462 herbarium specimens found in the Forestry Department Herbarium, Paslow Building, Belize City, British Honduras. Schipp's specimens in the Forestry Department Herbarium include 115 isotypes which have been verified, restored, and placed in a type collection. Maps are presented to aid in the location of previously vague type localities.
Strong Kinetic Isotope Effect in the Dissociative Chemisorption of H2 on a PdO(101) Thin Film

We investigated the dissociative chemisorption and oxidation of H2 and D2 on a PdO(101) thin film using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that the dissociation of H2 is highly facile on PdO(101), with more than 90% of a saturated H2 layer dissociating below 100 K. Most of the dissociated hydrogen reacts with the surface to produce H2O that desorbs above 350 K during TPD. Our experimental data demonstrate that H2 dissociation on PdO(101) occurs by a precursor-mediated mechanism in which a molecularly chemisorbed H2 species acts as a necessary precursor to dissociation. The experimental data also reveal that a kinetic isotope effect strongly suppresses the dissociation of D2 on PdO(101) terraces and causes the kinetic branching to shift toward desorption of the molecular D2 precursor. DFT calculations predict that H2 binds relatively strongly on PdO(101) by forming a σ complex on a coordinatively unsaturated (cus) Pd site. Using DFT...
Supervised Clustering of Label Ranking Data.

In this paper we study supervised clustering in the context of label ranking data. Segmentation of such complex data has many potential real-world applications. For example, in target marketing, the goal is to cluster customers in the feature space by taking into consideration the assigned, potentially incomplete product preferences, such that the preferences of instances within a cluster are more similar than the preferences of customers in the other clusters. We establish several heuristic baselines for this application that make use of well-known algorithms such as K-means, and propose a principled algorithm specifically tailored for this type of clustering. It is based on the PlackettLuce (PL) probabilistic ranking model. Each cluster is represented as a union of Voronoi cells defined by a set of prototypes and is assigned a set of PL label scores that determine the cluster-specific label ranking. The unknown cluster PL parameters and prototype positions are determined using a supervised learning technique. Cluster membership and ranking for a new instance is determined by membership of its nearest prototype. The proposed algorithms were empirically evaluated on synthetic and reallife label ranking data. The PL-based method was superior to the heuristically-based supervised clustering approaches. The proposed PL-based algorithm was also evaluated on the task of label ranking prediction. The results showed that it is highly competitive to the state of the art label ranking algorithms, and that it is particularly accurate on data with
Objective Testing: Urine and Other Drug Tests

Drug testing, when carefully collected and thoughtfully interpreted, offers a critical adjunct to clinical care and substance use treatment. However, because test results can be misleading if not interpreted in the correct clinical context, clinicians should always conduct a careful interview with adolescent patients to understand what testing is likely to show and then use testing to validate or refute their expectations. Because of the ease with which samples can be tampered, providers should also carefully reflect on their own collection protocols and sample validation procedures to ensure optimal accuracy."
Freedom and Spontaneity

Determinists usually argue that the only alternative to determinism is sheer spontaneity or chaos, and this would be no advance from any viewpoint.1 For consider: suppose my actions are not determined; what does that mean ? Does that mean some of my actions are causeless ? If some of my actions have no determining cause, then that must mean they happened at random and spontaneously. But neither morality nor reason are well served by this hypothesis. I cannot hold a man responsible for an act that merely bubbled out of his nature, without any cause or any relation to his character. And if, as we reason, our minds go from one point to another in an erratic and disconnected fashion, our conclusions must be even less reliable than in the event there are determining causal connections between premises and conclusions.
A Line Impedance Conditioner for Saturation Mitigation of Zigzag Transformer in Hybrid AC/DC Transmission System Considering Line Unbalances

Hybrid ac/dc transmission extends the power transfer capacity of existing long ac lines closer to their thermal limit, by superposing the dc current onto three-phase ac lines through a zigzag transformer. However, this transformer could suffer saturation under unbalanced line impedance conditions. This paper introduces the concept of hybrid line impedance conditioner (HLIC) as a cost-effective approach to compensate for the line unbalance and therefore avoid saturation. The topology and operation principle are presented. The two-level control strategy is described, which enables autonomous adaptive regulation without the need of system-level control. Design and implementation are also analyzed, including dc-link capacitance as one of the key line conditioner components, HLIC installation, and protection under fault conditions. The cost study on this HLIC-based hybrid system is also performed to reveal the benefits of the solution. Simulation results and experimental results based on a down-scaled prototype are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.
The Effect of Phytohemagglutinin on Leukocyte Cultures as Measured by P32 Incorporation in the DNA, RNA, and Acid Soluble Fractions

PHA, when added to human leukocyte cultures, results in DNA synthesis and cell mitosis. The addition to these cultures of fetal calf serum, indole-acetic acid, kinetin, estrogens, or a small clot did not duplicate the effect of PHA. Concentrations of chloramphenicol 3.05 x 10-3 M, diphenylhydantoin 5 x 10-5 M, and 6-mercaptopurine 1.3 x 10-3 M resulted in inhibition of growth. Possible mechanisms of action of PHA have been considered. In addition, the possible use of the method described as an in vitro means of evaluating drug sensitivity in leukemia has been suggested.
Epilogue: The Post-Seventeenth Century Evolution of the Standard Dichotomy

By way of conclusion, this final chapter will briefly explore the development of the standard dichotomy, substantivalism (absolutism) versus relationism, in the period after Newton, specifically, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Only a cursory synopsis of this rather intricate history can be offered, but many of the spatiotemporal concepts and strategies that would shape the future course of the standard dichotomy were in play during the late seventeenth century as well, and thus a full accounting of the spatiotemporal ontology of Leibniz and Newton’s time merits an assessment of their content, function, and evolution. In §11.1, the decline of the seventeenth century’s God-infused spatial metaphysics will be assessed, along with a survey of both the empiricist-centered replacement concepts and the transformation of the ontological dependence version of the property theory during the eighteenth century. Finally, Kant’s unique relationist interpretation of Newtonian physics, along with its implications for the standard dichotomy, will round out the investigation in §11.2.
Fate of Microbial Contaminants in Lettuce Juice

Lettuce is a common menu item that may involve bacteria of public health significance. The most favorable environment for bacterial growth is the exudate (juice) from cut or broken leaves. Bacteria from growing lettuce and those added during harvesting, transportation and storage are able to grow in the exudate. At 10 C gram-negative, psychrotrophic bacteria become the predominant elements of the microflora, while at 20 C the microflora resemble those commonly associated with lactic fermentation of vegetables. Increasing the concentration of solids in lettuce juice to simulate evaporation from droplets of exudate suppressed growth of some members of the natural flora but had little effect on added bacteria of public health significance. Vacuum packaging only decreased slightly the rate of growth of the normal flora in droplets of lettuce juice. All the results indicated lettuce juice may be important as a harborage for bacteria of public health significance.
Redacted Tears, Aesthetics of Alterity: Mohamedou Ould Slahi’s Guantánamo Diary

Erin Trapp’s essay, “Redacted Tears, Aesthetics of Alterity: Mohamedou Ould Slahi’s Guantanamo Diary” explores the (so far) only extensive narrative written in English by a detainee of the prison camp at Guantanamo Bay Cuba. Trapp examines Slahi’s diary as an example of what she calls an aesthetics of alterity. This kind of aesthetic stance, according to Trapp, is one in which the modern liberal subject, one largely defined by the cultural logic of late-late capitalism, meets its complete antithesis in the alterity of the detainee—a subject that is not a subject in any conventional sense of the term. This alterity manifests itself in Slahi's diary through the numerous erasures and blackouts of the United States government censors. As Trapp argues, these erasures and absences are what speak to Slahi’s status as both a subject within the sphere of late-late capitalist logic and also as one who exists completely outside of that space. Trapp’s subtle reading of the redacted diary is an attempt to come to terms with a writing that is both a record of detainment and the record of an absence, a text that is both art and a political record of an ongoing struggle.
Synthesis of periodic mesoporous silica thin films

We describe a synthetic method for the formation of surfactant-templated periodic mesoporous silica thin films. The films, when deposited between 0.22 < t/t gel < 0.67, are crack-free, consist of aggregated submicrometer particles, each of which contains the familiar honeycomb arrangement of 30-40 A diameter channels, and have specific surface areas greater than 400 m 2 /g. The synthetic method, which we call gas-catalyzed thin film synthesis (GCTFS), involves diffusing ammonia into a homogeneous micellar coating solution on a nonporous substrate. This method ameliorates the problems associated with coating substrates from inhomogeneous solutions. We have studied and optimized GCTFS with light scattering, 29 Si NMR, XRD, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, and isothermal N 2 sorption measurements.
Failed Plans, Fresh Crises, a New Relationship

The 1980s were the museum’s most prosperous era since the 1920s despite its occasional disputes with Young. Buoyed by ever higher allocations from the state, the museum spent freely on exhibitions, including several it originated such as Puppets: Art and Entertainment based largely on its extensive and highly regarded holdings; the acquisition of many significant works, the Chandler-Pohrt collection of over 750 Native American objects among the most notable and transformative (Fig. 4.1); and the completion of renovations improving galleries, public facilities, and visitor access (Fig. 4.2).
Terahertz quantum-cascade metasurface VECSELs (Conference Presentation)

Terahertz quantum-cascade vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSELs) are made possible through the development of amplifying reflectarray metasurfaces. The metasurface is made up of sub-wavelength arrays of antenna coupled sub-cavities loaded with quantum-cascade active material. The QC-VECSEL approach allows scaling of laser power while maintaining a high quality, near diffraction limited beam - something which has been a long standing challenge for THz quantum-cascade lasers with sub-wavelength metallic waveguides. The latest results of cavity and metasurface engineering are presented, including the demonstration of a focusing reflectarray metasurface that enables a "flat-optics" hemispherical VECSEL cavity, with improved geometric stability and a Gaussian profile beam with beam quality parameter of M2=1.3.
The Federated Computer Aided Control Design System

Abstract The structure and operation of the Federated Computer-Aided Control Design System is discussed. The system is termed “Federated” to indicate that it consists of several independently developed subsystems tied together by a unified data base. The objective is to provide the user with a unified system which spans the entire control design problem: modeling, design, and simulation. The paper discusses how the management of the data base is handled and the operation of an overall system supervisor. A set of supervisor commands are given which allow considerable flexibility to add subsystems and to tailor commands to the individual installation.
Abstract 167: An Innovative mHealth-based Care Model for Improving Hypertension Control in Stroke Survivors

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke prevention. Unfortunately, HTN is considerably under-treated in stroke survivors. Purpose: Our AHRQ funded stu...
Influence of grain source and dried corn distillers grains plus solubles oil concentration on finishing cattle performance and feeding behavior

Eighty-one steers [428 ± 3.5 kg of body weight (BW)] were used to determine the effect of grain type (corn vs. barley) and oil concentration of dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS; moderate = 7.9% vs. low = 4.5% ether extract) on growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics. Intake and feeding behavior traits were calculated from data generated via the Insentec feeding system. Steers were slaughtered with an average BW of 668 ± 4.4 kg. Final BW and average daily gain (ADG) were not affected by grain type or DDGS oil concentration. Dry matter intake (DMI) decreased (P = 0.002) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) increased (P = 0.01) in steers fed diets containing barley. Daily visits to the feeder decreased (P = 0.05), but time eating per visit increased (P = 0.03) in steers fed diets containing barley than corn. Plasma urea–N concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in steers fed diets containing barley than corn and in steers fed diets containing low-oil DDGS than moderate-oil DDGS di...
Cronin effect and high p(T) suppression in pA collisions

We review the predictions of the theory of a color glass condensate for a gluon production cross section in $p(d)A$ collisions. We demonstrate that, at moderate energies, when the gluon production cross section can be calculated in the framework of the McLerran-Venugopalan model, it has only a partonic level Cronin effect in it. At higher energies or rapidities corresponding to smaller values of the Bjorken x, quantum evolution becomes important. The effect of quantum evolution at higher energies or rapidities is to introduce the suppression of high-${p}_{T}$ gluons slightly decreasing the Cronin enhancement. At still higher energies or rapidities quantum evolution leads to the suppression of produced gluons at all values of ${p}_{T}.$
The Influence of Prescribed Fire, Habitat, and Weather on Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in West-Central Illinois, USA

The distribution of Amblyomma americanum (L.) is changing and reports of tick-borne disease transmitted by A. americanum are increasing in the USA. We used flagging to collect ticks, surveyed vegetation and collected weather data in 2015 and 2016. A. americanum dominated collections in both years (97%). Ticks did not differ among burn treatments; however, tick abundance differed between years among total, adult, and larval ticks. Habitat variables showed a weak negative correlation to total ticks in respect to: Shannon diversity index, percent bare ground, perennial cover, and coarse woody debris. Nymphal ticks showed a weak negative correlation to percent bare ground and fewer adults were collected in areas with more leaf litter and coarse woody debris. Conversely, we found larvae more often in areas with more total cover, biennials, vines, shrubs, and leaf litter, suggesting habitat is important for this life stage. We compared weather variables to tick presence and found, in 2015, temperature, precipitation, humidity, and sample period influenced tick collection and were life stage specific. In 2016, temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and sample period influenced tick collection and were also life stage specific. These results indicate that spring burns in an oak woodland do not reduce ticks; other variables such as habitat and weather are more influential on tick abundance or presence at different life stages.
Association of changes in functional status with radiation for prostate cancer in older veterans.

148Background: Although radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer is generally well tolerated, frail older adults with less functional reserve may experience more toxicity and loss of independence. Our objective was to determine trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) for prostate cancer patients admitted to a nursing home for RT. Methods: We used the Veterans Affairs (VA) Minimum Data Set (MDS) to identify men age ≥65 with an ICD9 diagnosis of prostate cancer living in a VA nursing facility (CLC) 1/2005-12/2015, an MDS evaluation reporting RT and no ICD9 code for bone metastasis. Functional status was assessed using MDS-ADL score (range 0-28, higher scores = greater disability). A piecewise linear mixed effects model (nodes at months 1 and 3) modeled the relationship between baseline characteristics and MDS-ADL score. Results: 645 patients were identified, of whom 585 (90.7%) had not resided in a CLC prior to RT. Median age 74 (range 65-94), median baseline PSA 5.33 ng/mL (IQR 1-14.57), and med...
Evidence that Magnetic Navigation and Geomagnetic Imprinting Shape Spatial Genetic Variation in Sea Turtles

Summary The canonical drivers of population genetic structure, or spatial genetic variation, are isolation by distance and isolation by environment. Isolation by distance predicts that neighboring populations will be genetically similar and geographically distant populations will be genetically distinct [1]. Numerous examples also exist of isolation by environment, a phenomenon in which populations that inhabit similar environments (e.g., same elevation, temperature, or vegetation) are genetically similar even if they are distant, whereas populations that inhabit different environments are genetically distinct even when geographically close [2–4]. These dual models provide a widely accepted conceptual framework for understanding population structure [5–8]. Here, we present evidence for an additional, novel process that we call isolation by navigation, in which the navigational mechanism used by a long-distance migrant influences population structure independently of isolation by either distance or environment. Specifically, we investigated the population structure of loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ) [9], which return to nest on their natal beaches by seeking out unique magnetic signatures along the coast—a behavior known as geomagnetic imprinting [10–12]. Results reveal that spatial variation in Earth's magnetic field strongly predicts genetic differentiation between nesting beaches, even when environmental similarities and geographic proximity are taken into account. The findings provide genetic corroboration of geomagnetic imprinting [10, 13]. Moreover, they provide strong evidence that geomagnetic imprinting and magnetic navigation help shape the population structure of sea turtles and perhaps numerous other long-distance migrants that return to their natal areas to reproduce [13–17].
Doctor of Vulnerability and Resilience

This chapter explores the all too familiar crises of belonging and confidence that characterize graduate school through the author’s personal reflection on her doctoral student experience. The author proposes that we move beyond our culturally accepted, dismissive attitudes toward the inevitability of graduate school struggles with self-worth and perfectionism. She suggests that institutions encourage students to approach doctoral programs as both intellectual and socioemotional challenges. In her account, the author reflects on her earliest inclinations toward a life of the mind and grounds herself in Dr. Brene Brown’s work on vulnerability, shame, and resilience to understand said life.
Natural Raw Materials Used in Advanced Ceramics

On discute des matieres premieres naturelles (argiles, talcs, feldspath, quartz, calcaire, dolomite) utilisees pour la fabrication de ceramiques de haute technologie
Case Report: Testosterone Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient With Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus occurs with much greater frequency in females than in males, and in some reports, researchers suggested that treatment with androgenic hormones might have therapeutic effects in this disease. The authors report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus in a hypogonadal male with Klinefelter's syndrome who was treated with testosterone in doses sufficient to normalize the serum level of this hormone to the adult male range. Hematologic and serologic abnormalities, including elevated levels of anti-DNA antibodies and depressed complement levels, returned to normal within 9 months of increasing the testosterone dose. The findings in this patient indicate that androgenic steroids can exert significant effects on immune parameters, and suggest that effects of androgens on the immune system may contribute to the sexual dimorphism of autoimmune disease.
1437. Family Duty and Safety Linked to Overcoming Attitudinal Barriers to Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination in Disparate Populations

Background Minority adult populations are at a higher risk for invasive pneumococcal disease and also have significantly lower vaccination rates when compared with the general population. Ingrained attitudes are a significant barrier to receipt of pneumococcal vaccine in these disparate populations, and therefore we tested targeted informational messaging to overcome these.
Toward a Sustainable Theory of Human Trafficking and Contemporary Slavery

Human trafficking and modern slavery have become popular topics in our societies. Unsurprisingly, there is a quickly growing body of diversified research worldwide, including psychological perspectives. The time has come to propose a holistic outlook on these issues.