cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The critical components of an electronic care plan tool for primary care: an exploratory qualitative study

Background A critical need exists for effective electronic tools that facilitate multidisciplinary care for complex patients in patient-centered medical homes. Objective To identify the essential components of a primary care (PC) based electronic care plan (ECP) tool that facilitates coordination of care for complex patients. Methods Three focus groups and nine semi-structured interviews were conducted at an academic PC practice in order to identify the ideal components of an ECP. Results Critical components of an ECP identified included: 1) patient background information, including patient demographics, care team member designation and key patient contacts, 2) user- and patient-centric task management functionalities, 3) a summary of a patient’s care needs linked to the responsible member of the care team and 4) integration with the electronic medical record. We then designed an ECP mockup incorporating these components. Conclusion Our investigation identified key principles that healthcare software developers can integrate into PC and patient-centered ECP tools.
Introduction: Romanticizing The Object

There are those who might regard the title of this book a contradiction. A fluffy view of Romanticism would deny any serious connection between dreamy discourse and an interest in the material objects of everyday experience. If there is any one notion at the heart of superficial musing about this movement, it is probably the idea that its discourse reflects no type of realism. If we could make a pilgrimage back to the time when Romantic norms and assumptions dominated Western culture, we might be most interested to learn how readers heard Romantic poetry, and what went on in their heads as Romanticism spoke itself out. And we would find that there is a “hard” quality to image and rhetoric, manifest all over Europe in its numerous languages, that could surprise us.
Chemical Cross-Linking of Periplasmic Carbonic Anhydrase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, carbonic anhydrase (CA) is part of an inorganic carbon (Ci) concentrating system which enhances the efficiency with which these algae utilize low levels of Ci. The predominant form of the enzyme is extracellular (1,2) and accelerates the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3 − to facilitate the transfer of CO2 into the cell (3). Previous studies have indicated that the enzyme has a molecular weight (MΓ) in the range of 97–115 kDa and is comprised of subunits of 35–37 kDa (4,5), indicating that the native protein is trimeric. I have utilized a bifunctional chemical cross-linking agent to further evaluate the subunit composition of both the isolated enzyme, and of the enzyme in vivo, to investigate whether the enzyme is associated with other cellular proteins.
Abstract 4372: MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism

Diffuse pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) are among the most common solid tumors in children. While BRAF mutations and MYBL1 rearrangements have recently been identified as diagnostic and treatment related oncogenic drivers in pediatric gangliogliomas and diffuse astrocytomas, respectively, for the majority of diffuse PLGGs the oncogenic driver(s) remain unknown. Recent efforts to identify new oncogenic drivers lack sufficient power to determine the true frequency of alterations in genes or to associate specific alterations with rare histological subtypes, such as Angiocentric gliomas (AGs). To address this issue, we performed genomic analysis of new and published data from 249 PLGGs including 19 AGs. We identified MYB-QKI fusions as a specific, recurrent, single candidate driver event in AGs. Although MYB is expressed during early brain development in a subset of progenitor cells, it is not known to play a role in normal cortical brain where AGs frequently occur. In vitro functional studies show MYB-QKI rearrangements promote tumorigenesis in mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) through three mechanisms: MYB activation by truncation, enhancer translocation driving aberrant MYB-QKI expression, and hemizygous loss of the tumor suppressor QKI. Expression of the MYB-QKI fusion increases mNSC proliferation and activates known MYB target genes including KIT and CDK6. H3K27ac enhancer profiling of AG tumors demonstrate active enhancer elements are translocated proximally to the MYB promoter while in vitro promoter assays confirmed that QKI enhancer sequences activate the MYB promoter. Together with functional studies demonstrating that MYB-QKI can also bind and activate the MYB promoter, these data support a positive auto-regulatory feed-back loop model in which active MYB-QKI is able to drive its own expression through enhanced MYB-promoter-activation. Furthermore, when injected orthotopically into immunodeficient mice, expression of truncated MYB or MYB-QKI is sufficient to induce tumor formation that recapitulate histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of AGs. Analysis of AG specific MYB-QKI fusion represents the first example of how a single driver rearrangement simultaneously transforms cells via three genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in a cancer. Citation Format: Lori Ramkissoon, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Payal Jain, Guillaume Bergthold, Adam Resnick, Rameen Beroukhim, Keith Ligon. MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4372.
Learning Center Pedagogy and UDL: An Environment of Change

In the United States, tutoring in higher education can trace its roots back as far as 1636 when Harvard, America’s first college, initially began educating the nation’s wealthy and elite students (Maxwell, 1997; Sheets 2011). These early forms of tutorials were based in remedial education; the goal was to bridge the gap between the level of education students brought to the institution and the level of education expected by that institution. Arendale (2010) provides a comprehensive review of the history of learning assistance in Access at the Crossroads: Learning Assistance in Higher Education. He provides a thorough and valuable six phase historical timeline, starting in the 1600’s through current forms of learning assistance programming (24). Early methods of learning assistance were created to enhance individual student performances in particular courses with which students struggled to succeed. This tutoring model persisted over time, becoming the archetypal form of learning assistance to improve student learning. However, Arendale’s research clearly shows that learning assistance has progressed by developing, expanding and increasing in both scope and complexity based on solid theory, research, and best practices.
Explicit Forecasts of Low-Level Rotation from Convection-Allowing Models for Next-Day Tornado Prediction

AbstractThree diagnostic fields were examined to assess their ability to act as surrogates for tornadoes in a convection-allowing ensemble system run during the spring of 2015. The diagnostics included midlevel (2–5 km AGL) updraft helicity (UH25), low-level (0–3 km AGL) updraft helicity (UH03), and low-level (1 km AGL) vertical relative vorticity (RVORT1). RVORT1 was used as a direct measure of low-level rotation strength. Each storm’s RVORT1 magnitude and near-storm environment properties were extracted from each hour’s forecasts using an object-based approach. The near-storm environments of storm objects with large magnitudes of RVORT1 were very similar to the environments identified as conducive for the development of tornadic supercells in previous proximity sounding-based studies (e.g., low lifted condensation levels and strong low-level shear). This motivated the use of RVORT1 as a direct surrogate for tornadoes, without the need to filter forecasts with environmental information. The relationship ...
Novel Approach to Fecal Occult Blood Testing by Assay of Erythrocyte-Specific microRNA Markers.

Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) has historically relied on methods to detect hemoglobin with no fundamental innovations in decades. To examine microRNA (miRNA) as a new marker class for FOBT. Candidate miRNA markers were identified by small RNA sequencing of human whole blood compared to colorectal epithelia. Markers were tested in human blood cell subsets and blood from non-human species. We assessed assay linearity in blood spiking and marker stability in stool over incubation experiments. Levels of candidate erythrocyte markers were explored in stools from colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and controls. Based on small RNA sequencing and validation RT-qPCR, expression level of each of the top blood-enriched markers (hsa-miR-144-3p, 144-5p, 451a, 486-5p, 363-3p, 20b-5p) could perfectly discriminate blood from colorectal epithelia. All six markers arose from and showed specificity to human erythrocytes. Marker levels increased linearly with erythrocyte concentration in saline or stool and demonstrated a broader dynamic range than did immunochemical test for hemoglobin. Degradation of markers occurred in stool but was reduced with preservative buffers. Erythrocyte marker candidates for stool testing were selected in an exploratory set of stools (20 CRC, 40 normal). Candidates were then further tested in a feasibility set (29 CRC, 31 advanced adenoma, and 115 normal); a miRNA panel (hsa-miR-451a, 144-5p, and 200b-3p as normalizer) yielded an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.95, P < .0001) for CRC. A novel miRNA-based approach accurately quantifies fecal blood levels over a broad, clinically relevant range.
Effects of the 2013 Psychiatric Current Procedural Terminology Codes Revision on Psychotherapy in Psychiatric Billing.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the changes to the psychiatric Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes implemented in 2013 were associated with changes in types of services for which psychiatrists billed.Methods:Analyses were conducted using paid private insurance claims from a large commercial database. The participant cohort comprised psychiatrists with at least one psychiatry visit reported in the database in each calendar year studied: 2012 (N of visits=778,445), 2013 (N=748,317), and 2014 (N=754,760).Results:The percentage of visits in which psychiatrists billed for psychotherapy declined from 51.4% in 2012 to 42.1% in 2014. The decline held after the analyses adjusted for patient characteristics, plan type, and region.Conclusions:The update to CPT codes resulted in a decrease in visits for which psychiatrists billed for psychotherapy. Further research should explore whether the change in billing corresponds to changes in service delivery.
Response by Derek E. G. Briggs for the presentation of the 2015 Paleontological Society Medal

Derek E. G. Briggs Thank you Jakob for your kind words. You didn’t mention some of the exciting projects that you and I have collaborated on—the mystery of machaeridians, for example, which we showed were armored polychaetes, and the reconstruction of the plumage colors in the Jurassic dinosaur Anchiornis using the arrangement of the melanosomes in its feathers. I am enormously pleased and honored to receive this recognition from the Paleontological Society, and from you my peers, friends, and colleagues. I have enjoyed a wonderful welcome from this community since I moved to the United States in 2003, and for that I am extremely grateful. You’ve sent me great graduate students, supported my research proposals (or at least some of them!), elected me President of the Society, and this medal is surely the icing on the cake. But this award, like any other, owes much to those who provided support along the way. The list is long and time is short—Mark Wilson’s instructions about this part of the proceedings are very clear—five minutes only: ‘longer speeches are quickly losing popularity …
TCTAP C-185 Successful Endovascular Treatment of Isolated Dissection of Superior Mesenteric Artery with Ambiguous IVUS Finding

### Patient Initials or Identifier Number H.I. ### Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam A 42-year-old man developed severe abdominal pain. He was sent to the emergency room by ambulance 3 hours from the onset. A CT resealed total occlusion in the proximal superior mesenteric artery (SMA).
A Quality-Based Web API Selection for Mashup Development Using Affinity Propagation

The rising interest in web APIs and mashups have led to a myriad of web APIs with similar functionality. Due to this reason, it is challenging to select relevant and quality web APIs for mashup developers, to compose quality and valuable mashups. On the other hand, clustering has proven to be one of the effective ways to select web APIs. However, methods, models and approaches that attempt to cluster web APIs for selection, by providing distinction between similar web APIs, focus either on their functionality or popularity and seldom consider quality of these web APIs. It is for this reason that this work proposes a method, based on topic modeling and clustering, to select quality web APIs for mashup development. First, we use Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) to identify a set of Web APIs that match a mashup developer’s requirement, using the semantic distances between web API and developer’s requirement topic distributions. Next, we use a black-box approach to analyze the quality of the subset of web APIs that match the mashup developer’s requirement and employ Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering algorithm to cluster web APIs based on their quality. We perform experiments using dataset crawled from programmableweb.com and compare our results to other clustering-based selection methods.
Reflections on the death of socialism : Changing perceptions of the state/society line

En depit de la fin du socialisme en tant que systeme en raison du caractere totalitaire des regimes qui s'en sont reclames, la ligne de partage entre le marche et l'Etat demeure une question fondamentale des societes modernes. Apres avoir montre le caractere utopique du socialisme, les caracteristiques de la societe civile, les raisons de l'inexistence d'une tradition socialiste aux Etats-Unis, l'A. discerne chez Ulrich Beck les fondements d'une reinvention de la politique qui tire tous les enseignements de la fin du la Guerre froide
Targeting EGFR in HPV-Associated Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, anal canal, and hypopharynx is known to be associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus that encodes oncogenic proteins, including E5, E6, and E7. E5 activates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by binding to its 16 kDa subunit of protein pump ATPase, thereby promoting proto-oncogene expression, inhibits the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p21, and amplifies mitogenic EGFR signals. In addition, E6 and E6 proteins bind to p53 and pRb, respectively, resulting in reduced levels and function of p53 and pRb within the cell, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and promoting genomic instability. EGFR-directed therapies are effective treatments for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and are also being evaluated in other HPV-associated tumors.
Agrobacterium-mediated horizontal gene transfer.

Tumor- and root-inducing Agrobacterium species (e.g., A. tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, A. vitis, A. rubi) mediate the transfer of a specific genetic element into plants. This element, known as the T-DNA, is a specific segment of a large resident Ti (or Ri depending on the species) plasmid, and is processed and transferred by protein products encoded by Ti plasmid-specific vir genes. Based on sequence homologies between proteins which mediate the intergeneric transfer of conjugative plasmids and those of the virB and virD operons of the Ti plasmid, the T-DNA transfer mechanism was recently found to be essentially a highly evolved promiscuous conjugative system encoded by vir genes (reviewed in ref. 1–3).
Miniatured and Low Power Mercury Microwave Ion Clock

Trapped mercury ion frequency standards are pumped with discharge lamps, offering a unique approach with simplicity and robustness. This paper describes the development of a miniature mercury ion trap package intended for a low-power atomic clock based on the 40.5-GHz ground state hyperfine transition of trapped 199 Hg .
Understanding How Digital Gifting Influences Social Interaction on Live Streams

Digital gifting in live streaming, in which viewers buy digital gifts to reward the streamers, was worth over $200 million in 2018 in China and its growth has been accelerating. This paper explores what motivates people to tip and how it impacts interactions between viewers and streamers. Through a survey, we identified the main categories of viewers' tipping motivations. We found that viewers were motivated by the reciprocal acts of streamers, who would engage in various types of social interactions with tippers during the live streams. The styles of interactions and contents of live stream based on the tipping are differently influenced by the motivations of viewers and streamers. For example, viewers often tip large to attract attentions from the crowd or promote preferred live-streaming content. These findings provide more knowledge on the social interaction in live streaming platforms.
Behavioral economic demand for alcohol among young adults who engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use

Background: Young adults (YAs) who engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) may combine substances due to enhanced subjective effects, and as a result, may place greater value (e.g., ...
High-quality, high-volume spay-neuter: Access to care and the challenge to private practitioners.

Impact:Low-cost spay–neuter clinics were first established nearly 50 years ago in response to the numbers of dogs and cats euthanized in animal shelters. Since then, high-quality, high-volume spay–...
QUASIHOLES AND FERMIONIC ZERO MODES OF PAIRED FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL STATES : THE MECHANISM FOR NON-ABELIAN STATISTICS

The quasihole states of several paired states, the Pfaffian, Haldane-Rezayi, and 331 states, which under certain conditions may describe electrons at filling factor \ensuremath{\nu}=1/2 or 5/2, are studied analytically and numerically in the spherical geometry, for the Hamiltonians for which the ground state are known exactly. We also find all the ground states (without quasiparticles) for these systems in the toroidal geometry. In each case, a complete set of linearly independent functions that are energy eigenstates of zero energy is found explicitly. For fixed positions of the quasiholes, the number of linearly independent states is ${2}^{\mathit{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for the Pfaffian, and ${2}^{2\mathit{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for the Haldane-Rezayi state; these degeneracies are needed if these systems are to possess non-Abelian statistics, and they agree with predictions based on conformal field theory. The dimensions of the spaces of states for each number of quasiholes agree with numerical results for moderate system sizes. The effects of tunneling and of the Zeeman term are discussed for the 331 and Haldane-Rezayi states, as well as the relation to Laughlin states of electron pairs. A model introduced by Ho, which was supposed to connect the 331 and Pfaffian states, is found to have the same degeneracies of zero-energy states as the 331 state, except at its Pfaffian point where it is much more highly degenerate than either the 331 or the Pfaffian. We introduce a modification of the model which has the degeneracies of the 331 state everywhere including the Pfaffian point; at the latter point, tunneling reduces the degeneracies to those of the Pfaffian state. An experimental difference is pointed out between the Laughlin states of electron pairs and the other paired states, in the current-voltage response when electrons tunnel into the edge. An appendix contains results for the permanent state, in which the zero modes can be occupied by composite bosons, rather than by composite fermions as in the other cases; the system is found to have an incipient instability toward a spin-polarized state. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Yield of Random Biopsies During Colonoscopies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Undergoing Dysplasia Surveillance

BACKGROUND The development of chromoendoscopy (CE) and high definition endoscopy (HDE) has improved detection of subtle colonic dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The role of random biopsies for dysplasia surveillance is unclear. METHODS We reviewed patients with IBD who underwent a CE or HDE colonoscopy and had colonic dysplasia detected. Detection of dysplasia was classified as either visible or random and graded as low grade dysplasia (LGD), high grade dysplasia (HGD), or indefinite for dysplasia. Multivariable regression adjusted for relevant confounders examined the predictors of dysplasia detectable on random biopsies alone. RESULTS The study included 300 patients (203 ulcerative colitis, 97 Crohn's disease with colonic involvement) contributing 442 colonoscopies; the mean disease duration was 24.5 years; 7.2% had primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Three hundred sixty-two colonoscopies (82%) had only visible dysplasia, 52 (12%) had only random dysplasia, and 28 (6%) had both visible and random dysplasia. Longer disease duration (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07), active inflammation (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.26-6.67), and concomitant PSC (odds ratio, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.21-11.08) were associated with detecting dysplasia on random biopsies compared with visible lesions. Patients with random dysplasia (21%) or both random and visible dysplasia (21%) were more likely to undergo surgical resection compared with those with only visible dysplasia (5%; P < 0.001) and have subsequent development of colorectal cancer (15%, 7%, 1%, respectively; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Nearly one fifth of dysplasia detected in patients with IBD was found on random biopsies. Patients with high risk characteristics may benefit from continuing the practice of random biopsies during surveillance examinations.
Evolution of the Cerebral Cortex

The largest component of the mammalian cerebral cortex is the neocortex, which has several structural, morphological, and compositional differences that make it a derived mammalian trait. While basic features are shared across species, the mammalian neocortex across species is highly varied due to differences in cortical circuitry, such modular organization and local processing, as well as neuronal morphology and subtype distribution, which likely reflect cortical specializations necessary for behavioral adaptation to a given ecological niche. Such variation in cortical microstructure suggests that rather than large-scale changes in size, cognitively significant evolutionary shifts, such as those seen in human evolution, are likely due to subtle cortical modifications.
Robust Entropy Requires Strong and Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

It is widely appreciated that balanced excitation and inhibition are necessary for proper function in neural networks. However, in principle, balance could be achieved by many possible configurations of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strengths and relative numbers of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. For instance, a given level of excitation could be balanced by either numerous inhibitory neurons with weak synapses or a few inhibitory neurons with strong synapses. Among the continuum of different but balanced configurations, why should any particular configuration be favored? Here, we address this question in the context of the entropy of network dynamics by studying an analytically tractable network of binary neurons. We find that entropy is highest at the boundary between excitation-dominant and inhibition-dominant regimes. Entropy also varies along this boundary with a trade-off between high and robust entropy: weak synapse strengths yield high network entropy which is fragile to parameter variations, while strong synapse strengths yield a lower, but more robust, network entropy. In the case where inhibitory and excitatory synapses are constrained to have similar strength, we find that a small, but non-zero fraction of inhibitory neurons, like that seen in mammalian cortex, results in robust and relatively high entropy.
Does Burnout Exist in Academic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the United States

Introduction Information regarding burnout in academic oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) in the United States (US) does not exist. The purpose of this project was to answer the following question: “Does burnout exist in academic OMSs in the United States?” Materials and Methods A 15-question anonymous survey was created based on Expanded Physician Well-Being Index (WBI, MedEd Web Solutions). The survey was sent electronically to fellows of the American Academy of Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons (AACMS) consisting of demographics, professional obligations, wellness indicators (burnout, emotional hardening, depression, anxiety, fatigue, overwhelmed), and overall quality-of-life statements. Responses were quantified according to a scaled scoring system specific for WBI. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to create a predictive model of being “at risk” of burnout. Results Surveys were sent to 180 active AACMS fellows; 110 completed the questionnaire (61.1%). One hundred eight active fellows met inclusion criteria. Majority were males between the ages of 41 and 50. About a quarter spent more than 20 years in an academic setting. Activities concentrated on patient care, teaching, and/or administrative duties. More than half of respondents felt emotionally hardened, anxious/irritable, and/or overwhelmed. About a third had adequate time for personal and family life. Most felt that their work was meaningful. Using WBI, the average score was 2.21, meaning that as a whole oral-maxillofacial surgery academicians are not considered at risk for burnout. Risk factors for burnout were age >40 years old, female gender, patient care more than 55 hours per week, call more than 10 times per month, and majority of time spent on teaching responsibilities. Conclusions According to WBI, OMSs as a group are not at risk for burnout. Certain traits (age, gender, more than 55 weekly hours and/or more than 10 call shifts per month, high percentage of time teaching responsibilities) are at higher risk for burnout.
Energy properties of bamboo biomass and mate co-products

Fossil fuels are being replaced by clean energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is considered an eco-friendly alternative, as it is a renewable raw material with high energy potential. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the biomass energy properties of three bamboo species and mate. Thus, three species of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Var. Vittata, Dendrocalamus asper and Phyllostachys aurea) and Ilex paraguariensis co-products (branches and sticks) were performed. The particle size, basic density, moisture content volatiles content, ashes content, fix carbon, gross and net calorific value and energy density of these biomasses were evaluated. The biomasses analyzed here were considered suitable for energy purposes, in general, these presented volatile content between 75 and 85 %, fixed carbon content between 15 and 25% and ash content close to 1%. Average fix carbon content of all analyzed biomass was 16.13%. Ash content of Phyllostachys aurea, branches of Ilex paraguariensis and Dendrocalamus asper presented lower values, average of 1.63%. Bambusa vulgaris and Ilex paraguariensis sticks presented higher values, average of 2.65%. Phyllostachys aurea presented gross calorific value higher than, average of 19.35 MJ kg− 1. Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Ilex paraguariensis branches and sticks presented statistically equal values. Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Phyllostachys aurea showed net calorific value higher to the other analyzed materials and did not present statistical difference. Basic energy density of Phyllostachys aurea was higher to bamboo species. Ilex paraguariensis showed the lowest values with no statistical difference for branches and sticks.
Mobile microlearning design and effects on learning efficacy and learner experience

Mobile microlearning platforms have increased over the years. Literature shows that platforms use specific instructions or media, such as videos or multiformat materials (e.g., text, audio, quizzes, hands-on exercises). However, few studies investigate whether or how specific design principles used on these platforms contribute to learning efficacy. A mobile microlearning course for journalism education was developed using the design principles and instructional flow reported in literature. The goal of this formative research was to study the mobile microcourse’s learning efficacy, defined as effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal. Learners’ knowledge before and after the mobile microcourse was analyzed using semistructured questionnaires as well as pretests and posttests to measure differences. The results indicate that learners of this mobile microcourse had an increase in knowledge, more certainty in decisions about practical applications, and an increase in confidence in performing skills. However, automated feedback, timed gamified exercises, and interactive real-world content indicate room for improvement to enhance effective learning.
Lipid Nutrition in Asthma

Asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disease that has constantly increased in prevalence over the past several decades. Primary symptoms include airway constriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling with additional symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Allergic asthma involves chronic inflammation of the lungs, and the rise in its yearly diagnosis is potentially associated with the increased global consumption of foods similar to the western diet. Thus, there is growing interest into the link between diet and asthma symptoms, with mounting evidence for an important modulatory role for dietary lipids. Lipids can act as biological mediators in both a proinflammatory and proresolution capacity. Fatty acids play key roles in signaling and in the production of mediators in the allergic and inflammatory pathways. The western diet leads to a disproportionate ω-6:ω-3 ratio, with drastically increased ω-6 levels. To counteract this, consumption of fish and fish oil and the use of dietary oils with anti-inflammatory properties such as olive and sesame oil can increase ω-3 and decrease ω-6 levels. Increasing vitamin intake, lowering LDL cholesterol levels, and limiting consumption of oxidized lipids can help reduce the risk of asthma and the exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms. These dietary changes can be achieved by increasing intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, oily fish, seeds, animal-related foods (eggs, liver), cheeses, grains, oats, and seeds, and decreasing consumption of fried foods (especially fried in reused oils), fast foods, and heavily processed foods.
Both Theory and Practice: Science Literacy Instruction and Theories of Reading

Many journal articles detail recommendations to naturally integrate literacy instruction into content-area classes, particularly science, claiming that such instructional practices will support both literacy and content-knowledge acquisition. This begs the question, are the literacy strategies recommended for content-area instruction founded in established educational theories? The purpose of the current study is to examine the implicit and explicit theories driving science disciplinary literacy instruction. Theories assist in organizing and advancing research in a systematic manner. Information on the status of theory is essential to both practitioners (who are implementing strategies) and researchers (who are making recommendations for classroom instruction). Our study revealed that in science literacy, vocabulary instructional practices are frequently supported with Schema and Dual-Coding theories. Articles also frequently used theories grounded in social dynamics, including social constructionism and sociocultural perspective, to support literacy instruction. However, recommendations for other aspects of instructional practices in science literacy are generally not well-grounded in major reading theories.
Die Auswahl gewinnträchtiger Märkte

Der Ausgangspunkt fur jede erfolgreiche Unternehmensstrategie ist die Wahl der „richtigen“ Markte oder Branchen, in denen man tatig werden will. Einige Schauplatze des Wettbewerbs bergen ein hohes Gewinnpotential, wahrend in anderen selbst die ruhrigsten Wettbewerber nur bescheidene Ertragsraten verzeichnen werden. Ein eindringliches Beispiel dafur war zu Anfang der 80er Jahre Caterpillar. Caterpillar gehorte zu einer Handvoll von Unternehmen, die aufgrund ihres hocheffizienten Managements von Thomas Peters und Robert Waterman in ihrem Bestseller „In Search of Excellence“ erwahnt wurden.1 Dennoch machte Caterpillar zu Beginn der 80er Jahre grose Verluste und die Aktien des Unternehmens wurden gegen Ende 1985 nur noch zur Halfte des Buchwertes gehandelt.
Introduction and Rationale for This Book

Warnick and Landis provide an overview of the major models of intercultural relations to serve as a foundation for the subsequent chapters in this text. The reader will gain a greater understanding of how the emerging field of cultural neuroscience can be applied to intercultural relations. Additionally, this chapter offers a brief guide to the book.
A framework of safe stabilization

Classical stabilizing systems do not take into consideration safety issues. This paper examines two different safety models for stabilizing distributed systems, and studies the cost of enforcing safety requirements in the context of various kinds of failures.
Calculation of polarization effects

Basically there are two areas of accelerator applications that involve beam polarization. One is the acceleration of a polarized beam (most likely a proton beam) in a synchrotron. Another concerns polarized beams in an electron storage ring. In both areas, numerical techniques have been very useful.
In-memory BLU acceleration in IBM's DB2 and dashDB: Optimized for modern workloads and hardware architectures

Although the DRAM for main memories of systems continues to grow exponentially according to Moore's Law and to become less expensive, we argue that memory hierarchies will always exist for many reasons, both economic and practical, and in particular due to concurrent users competing for working memory to perform joins and grouping. We present the in-memory BLU Acceleration used in IBM's DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows, and now also the dashDB cloud offering, which was designed and implemented from the ground up to exploit main memory but is not limited to what fits in memory and does not require manual management of what to retain in memory, as its competitors do. In fact, BLU Acceleration views memory as too slow, and is carefully engineered to work in higher levels of the system cache by keeping the data encoded and packed densely into bit-aligned vectors that can exploit SIMD instructions in processing queries. To achieve scalable multi-core parallelism, BLU assigns to each thread independent data structures, or partitions thereof, designed to have low synchronization costs, and doles out batches of values to threads. On customer workloads, BLU has improved performance on complex analytics queries by 10 to 50 times, compared to the legacy row-organized run-time, while also significantly simplifying database administration, shortening time to value, and improving data compression. UPDATE and DELETE performance was improved by up to 112 times with the new Cancun release of DB2 with BLU Acceleration, which also added Shadow Tables for high performance on mixed OLTP and BI analytics workloads, and extended DB2's High Availability Disaster Recovery (HADR) and SQL compatibility features to BLU's column-organized tables.
Like goes with like: The role of representativeness in erroneous and pseudo-scientific beliefs.

As its name implies, the heuristics and biases approach to human judgment has both positive and negative agendas (Griffin, Gonzalez, & Varey, 2001). The positive agenda is to identify the mental operations that yield rapid and compelling solutions to a host of everyday judgmental problems. Most notably, Kahneman and Tversky identified a small number of automatic assessments – similarity, generation of examples, causal judgments – that are made rapidly in response to particular problems and thus exert considerable influence on the judgments that are ultimately rendered (Kahneman & Tversky, 1972; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). When ascertaining the likelihood that someone is an engineer, for example, one cannot help but assess the similarity between the person in question and the prototypical engineer, and the resultant assessment is, at the very least, the starting point for the judgment of likelihood. Thus, the positive agenda is to understand what the processes of judgment are like. The negative agenda is to understand what the processes of judgment are not like. Because assessments of similarity, the generation of examples, and causal judgments obey their own logic, everyday judgment will not always be fully “rational” and will not always conform to the laws of probability. Thus, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people's judgments are insufficiently sensitive to sample size, regression effects, prior odds, or, more generally, the reliability and diagnosticity of evidence. Their experiments were carefully crafted to reveal discrepancies between intuitive judgment and what is called for by the appropriate normative analysis.
Enhancement of fibrinolysis by inhibiting enzymatic cleavage of precursor α2-antiplasmin.

Background and objective Resistance of thrombi to plasmin digestion depends primarily on the amount of α(2)-antiplasmin (α(2)AP) incorporated within fibrin. Circulating prolyl-specific serine proteinase, antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme (APCE), a homologue of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), cleaves precursor Met-α(2)AP between -Pro12-Asn13- to yield Asn-α(2)AP, which is crosslinked to fibrin approximately 13× more rapidly than Met-α(2)AP and confers resistance to plasmin. We reasoned that an APCE inhibitor might decrease conversion of Met-α(2)AP to Asn-α(2)AP and thereby enhance endogenous fibrinolysis. Methods and results We designed and synthesized several APCE inhibitors and assessed each vs. plasma dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), which have amino acid sequence similarity with APCE. Acetyl-Arg-(8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid)-D-Ala-L-boroPro selectively inhibited APCE vs. DPPIV, with an apparent K(i) of 5.7 nm vs. 6.1 μm, indicating that an approximately 1000-fold greater inhibitor concentration is required for DPPIV than for APCE. An apparent K(i) of 7.4 nm was found for POP inhibition, which is similar to 5.7 nm for APCE; however, the potential problem of overlapping FAP/APCE and POP inhibition was negated by our finding that normal human plasma lacks POP activity. The inhibitor construct caused a dose-dependent decrease of APCE-mediated Met-α(2)AP cleavage, which ultimately shortened plasminogen activator-induced plasma clot lysis times. Incubation of the inhibitor with human plasma for 22 h did not lessen its APCE inhibitory activity, with its IC(50) value in plasma remaining comparable to that in phosphate buffer. Conclusion These data establish that inhibition of APCE might represent a therapeutic approach for enhancing thrombolytic activity.
Phospholipid and triacylglycerol profiles modified by PLD suppression in soybean seed

Phospholipase D (PLD) is capable of hydrolyzing membrane phospholipids, producing phosphatidic acid. To alter phospholipid profiles in soybean seed, we attenuated PLD enzyme activity by an RNA interference construct using the partial sequence from a soybean PLDα gene. Two transgenic soybean lines were established by particle inflow gun (PIG) bombardment by co-bombarding with pSPLDi and pHG1 vectors. The lines were evaluated for the presence and expression of transgenes thoroughly through the T(4) generation. PLD-suppressed soybean lines were characterized by decreased PLDα enzyme activity and decreased PLDα protein both during seed development and in mature seeds. There was no change in total phospholipid amount; however, the PLD-attenuated transgenic soybean seed had higher levels of di18:2 (dilinoleoyl)-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and -phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in seeds than the non-transgenic lines. The increased polyunsaturation was at the expense of PC and PE species containing monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids. In addition to increased unsaturation in the phospholipids, there was a decrease in unsaturation of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction of the soybean seeds. Considering recent evidence for the notion that desaturation of fatty acids occurs in the PC fraction and that the PC→DAG (diacylglycerol)→TAG pathway is the major route of TAG biosynthesis in developing soybean seed, the current data suggest that PLDα suppression slows the conversion of PC to TAG. This would be consistent with PLD playing a positive role in that conversion. The data indicate that soybean PLD attenuation is a potentially useful approach to altering properties of edible and industrial soybean lecithin.
Heat played key role in Amazon droughts

[1] In 2005 the Amazon region suffered a major drought in which a shortage of precipitation affected 2.5 million square kilometers of land, which resulted in significant tree loss. An even more widespread drought hit the region in 2010, affecting 3.2 million square meters of land. A new study by Toomey et al. shows that the loss of biomass during those events was due not only to a lack of moisture but also to heat stress. The researchers analyzed land surface temperature data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite to look for a relationship among heat anomaly, precipitation anomaly, and forest stress during the droughts.
The social identity and social networks of ethnic minority groups in organizations: a crucial test of distinctiveness theory

Distinctiveness theory posits that patterns of social identity and friendship are based on numeric rarity within specific contexts. In ethnically diverse organizations, the theory predicts that members of the smaller ethnic group (relative to members of the larger ethnic group) will: (a) tend to identify and form friendships within their own ethnic group, and (b) lack access to well-connected individuals in the network of friendship relations. Prior tests have supported these predictions, but they have been unable to rule out the possibility that it was chronic differences in social status and numeric representation in society at large (rather than numeric distinctiveness within specific contexts) that explained the observed patterns of social identity and friendship. In this field-based study, we examined an organization whose social composition effectively controlled for these confounds. We found that members of the smaller ethnic group tended to identify and form friendships within group, as predicted by distinctiveness theory. However, in contrast to previous work, we found that members of the smaller ethnic group were equally well connected to the center of the friendship network as were the members of the larger ethnic group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focus Groups Identified Women's Perceptions of Dairy Foods

ABSTRACT Focus groups were conducted with 39 Caucasian women (ages 30–55 years) to gain insight regarding their thoughts and feelings toward dairy foods. Women resided in Virginia; all had at least a high school education. Themes characterizing the group discussions were identified. Women knew that dairy foods were a good source of calcium and discussed it in relation to osteoporosis. Although many knew the risk factors related to osteoporosis, most were confused about measures to prevent it. Many used calcium supplements or vitamin/mineral supplements to help meet calcium requirements. Most thought dairy foods were high in fat. Women also discussed the sensory attributes of dairy foods as well as convenience and cost of dairy foods in relation to their dairy food choices.
Numerical Verification of the Cross-Property Connections Between Electrical Conductivity and Fluid Permeability of a Porous Material

In this paper we provide numerical verification on the cross-property connection between effective fluid permeability and effective electrical conductivity. A set of 10 different microstructural patterns has been generated using a molecular dynamics algorithm. The problems are solved numerically using homogenous boundary conditions. The volumetric average over a cubic volume is used to obtain with the effective electrical conductivity and the effective fluid permeability. The tortuosity of the porous phase τ p was estimated by assuming a non-conductive solid phase, the inverse problem was solved to get the tortuosity of the matrix τ s . The accuracy of the cross-property connection developed by Sevostianov and Shrestha (2010) is verified, an error of less than 1% is found.
An investigation and understanding of the mechanical response of Palmyrah timber

The Palmyrah tree flourishes in tropical areas around South East Asia, and particularly in Sri Lanka. Palmyrah is an important economic resource for the region, and has found use in structural applications for both residential dwellings and commercial buildings. While there is a great deal of local field experience with Palmyrah, the mechanical properties have not been well characterized or understood. In an effort to assist engineers with the design and efficient use of the timber, a study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanical response of Palmyrah and develop estimates of design allowable properties. Properties evaluated include static bending strength, modulus, compression parallel and perpendicular to the grain, shear parallel to the grain and tensile strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain. In order to gain insight into the behavior of the wood, samples were examined using standard optical microscopy techniques. In addition, available fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy.
Emigration and Density Dependence in Yellowstone Bison

Abstract Understanding the relative importance of density-dependent and density-independent feedback on population growth is essential for developing management strategies to conserve wildlife. We examined a 99-year time series of annual counts and removals for 2 bison (Bison bison) herds occupying northern and central Yellowstone National Park in the western United States. Yellowstone's aggressive management intervention effectively recovered bison from 46 animals in 1902 to >1,500 animals in 1954. Supplemental feeding of the northern herd facilitated rapid growth (r = 0.16) during 1902 to 1952. Augmentation of the central herd with 71 animals also led to rapid growth over 1936 to 1954 (r = 0.10). In 1969, manipulative management ceased in the park, and we detected evidence of density-dependent changes in population growth rates for both herds during 1970 to 2000 as numbers increased to >3,000 animals. The central herd showed evidence of a constant density-dependent response over 1970 to 2000. In contras...
Low-Energy Scattering by Long-Range Potentials

The phase shift for low-energy scattering by a potential consisting of a long-range and a short-range part, to first order in the long-range potential, is derived using the two-potential formula of scattering theory. For the ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and for the ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ potentials and for their superposition, $tan{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}$ is calculated up to and including the ${k}^{5}\mathrm{ln}k$ terms, where ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}$ is the zero-angular-momentum ($L=0$) phase shift. For the ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ potential and $Lg0$, $tan{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{L}$ is calculated up to and including the ${k}^{2L+3}\mathrm{ln}k$ term. Finally, the long-range correction to the matrix element for photodissociation of negative ions is calculated.