cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal, diel, and tidal movements of green jobfish (Aprion virescens, Lutjanidae) at remote Hawaiian atolls: implications for marine protected area design

Empirical data quantifying the long-term movement patterns of coral reef top predators are needed in order to design marine protected areas (MPAs) that will provide these fishes with effective, long-term protection. Acoustic telemetry was used to quantify the movements of a large coral reef top predator (Aprion virescens, Lutjanidae; Hawaiian name ‘uku’) at five atolls in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument (NWHIMNM) from May 2005 to September 2006. The study atolls were located between 23.8°N, 166.2°W and 28.5°N, 178.3°W, and were separated from their nearest receiver-equipped neighbor by distances ranging from 100 to 478 km. No inter-atoll movements by uku were detected but individuals were seasonally site-attached to core activity areas of up to 12 km in length, and ranged up to 19 km across atolls. Within their core areas, tagged uku exhibited diel and tidal habitat shifts, with the latter resulting in round trips of up to 24 km in 24 h. Seasonal uku migrations resulted in extended winter (October–April) absences from summer (May–September) core activity areas and may be linked to summer spawning. Large MPAs (i.e., entire islands, atolls or banks) would probably be required for full protection of resident populations of adult uku, but such ‘island-scale’ MPAs will not benefit fisheries unless there is significant larval supply from MPAs to neighboring fished areas, or adult emigration over time scales exceeding the 16-month monitoring period of this study. A mixed management strategy of combining smaller MPAs with conventional measures (e.g., minimum size limits, catch, and effort restrictions) may be the best approach for sustaining uku fisheries. However, this would still require relatively large MPAs (12 km in length) to contain uku short-term (diel and tidal) movements, and seasonal migrations would still take uku beyond the boundaries of MPAs of this size. These fluxes across MPA boundaries could supply fish to fisheries but, if high exploitation rates exist, fishing could eliminate key MPA benefits such as increased numbers of large, highly fecund individuals.
Optimal spatial resolution of epidural and subdural electrode arrays for brain-machine interface applications

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have the potential to improve quality of life for thousands of motor-impaired individuals. Many different signal sources have been investigated for use in controlling a BMI, including scalp EEG, field potentials from inside and the surface of the cerebral cortex, and single-neuron action potentials. A relatively unexplored region for recording signals is the epidural space. This study attempts to help determine the optimal spatial resolution of epidural and subdural electrode arrays using both a mathematical model and spatial spectral analysis. For rats, optimal spacing for both epidural and subdural electrodes was approximately 0.7 mm.
Polysulfone-based anion exchange membranes demonstrate excellent chemical stability and performance for the all-vanadium redox flow battery

A polysulfone-based anion exchange membrane functionalized with quaternary benzyl trimethylammonium groups (PSF-TMA+) demonstrated a 40-fold reduction in vanadium(IV) permeability when compared to a Nafion® membrane. Comprehensive 2D NMR (COSY and heteronuclear quantum correlation spectroscopy) studies verified that PSF-TMA+ remained chemically stable even after exposure to a 1.5 M vanadium(V) solution for 90 days. Excellent energy efficiencies (85%) were attained and sustained over several charge–discharge cycles for a vanadium redox flow battery prepared using the PSF-TMA+ separator.
Finite difference time domain recursive convolution for second order dispersive materials

The finite-difference-time-domain method has been applied to frequency-dependent dispersive materials through an efficient recursive discrete convolution with results given for first-order dispersive materials including polar liquids (Debye) and cold plasmas. The recursive convolution utilizes the exponential behavior of the first-order time-domain susceptibilities. Alternatively a differential approach, valid for both first- and second-order dispersion relations, has been demonstrated. In the present work, the extension of the recursive convolution approach to second-order dispersion relations is discussed. The extension is very straightforward, with the only added computational burden being a complex recursive accumulation variable. The method has been applied to second-order dispersion relations for magnetized plasmas and ferrites with good accuracy, and appears simpler and more efficient than the differential methods. >
Utilization of information technology: examining cognitive and experiential factors of post-adoption behavior

This paper investigates factors affecting the post-adoption behavior of first-tier supply chain members within the U.S. automotive industry toward a new information technology. This paper examined a specialized information technology known as the collaborative visibility network (CVN) used within the U.S. automotive industry that provides enhanced part-level visibility to its supply chain affiliates. Using existing research on innovation diffusion, this paper examines cognitive and experiential antecedents of post-adoption behavior. A model grounded in innovation diffusion theory, social learning theory, and the technology acceptance model is proposed and tested. Field interviews followed by a mail survey were used to collect data from 515 first-tier supply chain users of CVN. A structural equation model tested the hypothesized relationships to support the proposed model. Results confirmed the majority of the hypotheses. The opportunity to experiment, training effectiveness, prior experience with a similar technology, and prior technological knowledge have an effect on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which ultimately affect technology performance. Implications of this study along with suggestions for future research are provided.
Guerrilla War in Western Missouri, 1862–1865: Historical Extensions of the Relative Deprivation Hypothesis

In the winter of 1861–62 there was a guerrilla uprising in WesternMissouri, directed in main against the Union Army and against localpro-Union sympathizers. The number of active participants was smallby more recent standards. At any given time the guerrillas in questionprobably numbered no more than 200 individuals. They had, however, an impact beyond that suggested by their size. In the ensuing three years the guerrillas managed to tie up more than 40,000 Union troops on stationary occupation duty. As in almost all classic cases of guerrilla warfare, the Union forces were rendered relatively immobile by the necessity to protect fixed points such as urban areas, supply depots, and lines of communication. In addition to their military effect, the guerrillas have become over time a fairly well known part of American folklore. Their leader through most of the period was William Quantrill. From their ranks came at least two of the more famous bandit gangs of frontier history—the James brothers and the Younger brothers. Their most famous exploit, the raid on Lawrence, Kansas, has been the subject of film and other commercial treatment.
Detection and Analysis of Aerosol Particles by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was evaluated as a means for quantitative analysis of the size, mass, and composition of individual micron-to submicron-sized aerosol particles over a range of well-characterized experimental conditions. Conditional data analysis was used to identify LIBS spectra that correspond to discrete aerosol particles under low aerosol particle loadings. The size distributions of monodisperse particle source flows were measured using the LIBS technique for calcium- and magnesium-based aerosols. The resulting size distributions were in good agreement with independently measured size distribution data. A lower size detection limit of 175 nm was determined for the calcium- and magnesium-based particles, which corresponds to a detectable mass of approximately 3 femtograms. In addition, the accuracy of the LIBS technique for the interference-free analysis of different particle types was verified using a binary aerosol system of calcium-based and chromium particles.
Mammalian nonsense codons can be cis effectors of nuclear mRNA half-life.

Frameshift and nonsense mutations within the gene for human triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) that generate a nonsense codon within the first three-fourths of the protein coding region have been found to reduce the abundance of the product mRNA that copurifies with nuclei. The cellular process and location of the nonsense codon-mediated reduction have proven difficult to elucidate for technical reasons. We show here, using electron microscopy to judge the purity of isolated nuclei, that the previously established reduction to 25% of the normal mRNA level is evident for nuclei that are free of detectable cytoplasmic contamination. Therefore, the reduction is likely to be characteristic of bona fide nuclear RNA. Fully spliced nuclear mRNA is identified by Northern (RNA) blot hybridization and a reverse transcription-PCR assay as the species that undergoes decay in experiments that used the human c-fos promoter to elicit a burst and subsequent shutoff of TPI gene transcription upon the addition of serum to serum-deprived cells. Finally, the finding that deletion of a 5' splice site of the TPI gene results predominantly but not exclusively in the removal by splicing (i.e., skipping) of the upstream exon as a part of the flanking introns has been used to demonstrate that decay is specific to those mRNA products that maintain the nonsense codon. This result, together with our previous results that implicate translation by ribosomes and charged tRNAs in the decay mechanism, indicate that nonsense codon recognition takes place after splicing and triggers decay solely in cis. The possibility that decay takes place during the process of mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is discussed.
The relationship between progestins and gonadotropins during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys.

The effects of progesterone on blood levels of FSH and LH during the late luteal and early follicular phase of the cycle were studied in 10 regular cycling rhesus monkeys. Progesterone administered for 8 days in silastic capsules, beginning 12 days after peak concentrations of estrogen in serum, prolonged the luteal phase levels of this hormone in 6 animals. Blood levels of progesterone were not affected in 4 control animals given cholesterol. Throughout two consecutive cycles, progesterone, 20α-hydroxypregn- 4-ene-3-one, estradiol, FSH, and LH were measured by radioimmunoassay at selected intervals. The length of time between the LH peaks in cycle I and II differed significantly (p < 0.05) between animals treated with progesterone (35.8 ± 1.21, SD, days) and those treated with cholesterol (31.0 ± 2.16, SD, days). The concentrations of FSH in the late luteal and early follicular phase of the cycle continued to rise significantly (p < 0.01 by regression analysis) in both treated and control animals in spit...
Hydrogen-Induced Defects in Silicon by CF4/x% H2 (0≤x≤ 100) RIE and H2 Plasma

The extended defects induced by hydrogen diffusion in silicon during the process of (1) CF4/x% H2 (0≤x≤100) reactive ion etching, or (2) hydrogenation in H2 plasma, or (3) passivation of boron acceptors in H2 plasma, are studied by high resolution electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. In reactive ion etched Si, a higher density of {1111} planar defects are produced as the concentration of H2 in the etching gas and/or the overetch time is increased. The Si surface appears rough after reactive ion etching. Similar 1 111 planar defects are also found in Si after a H2 plasma treatment at 200°C for 3 hours, while the Si surface remains smooth. Boron implantation (30keV, 1015 at/cm2) and furnace annealing (1000°C, 30 min) processes are found to introduce stacking faults and perfect dislocation loops into silicon wafers. After subsequent exposure of boron implanted Si to a H2 plasma (200°C, 3 hours), microprecipitates associated with dislocation loops are observed. These results indicate that the apparent surface roughness (top 30 A layer) in reactive ion etched Si is caused by energetic ion bombardment (-500 eV). However, the {111} planar defects in CF4/x% H2 (x>40%) reactive ion etched Si and the {111} planar defects and microprecipitates in H2 plasma treated Si are induced by the supersaturation of hydrogen diffused into Si during the plasma treatment process.
The utilization of prolyl peptides by Escherichia coli.

Abstract Peptides that have an N-terminal proline residue are taken up by Escherichia coli and are degraded by intracellular peptidases. A mutant that is unable to transport oligopeptides with N-terminal α-amino acids is also unable to transport the peptides with N-terminal proline. Dipeptides and oligopeptides can prevent the uptake of the corresponding prolyl peptides and the converse competitive interactions are also observed. Although the peptide α-amino group is essential to the process of peptide transport, the results with the prolyl peptides indicate that the dipeptide and oligopeptide permeases can handle peptides with either an α-amino or α-imino group.
OPTIMIZING NEST SURVIVAL AND FEMALE SURVIVAL: CONSEQUENCES OF NEST SITE SELECTION FOR CANADA GEESE

Abstract We examined the relationship between attributes of nest sites used by Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, and patterns in nest and female survival. We aimed to determine whether nest site attributes related to nest and female survival differed and whether nest site attributes related to nest survival changed within and among years. Nest site attributes that we examined included vegetation at and surrounding the nest, as well as associations with other nesting birds. Optimal nest site characteristics were different depending on whether nest survival or female survival was examined. Prior to 25 May, the odds of daily survival for nests in tall shrubs and on islands were 2.92 and 2.26 times greater, respectively, than for nests in short shrub sites. Bald Eagles (Halieaeetus leucocephalus) are the major predator during the early breeding season and their behavior was likely important in determining this pattern. After 25 May, when eagle predation is limited due to the ...
Impact of a Palliative Care Checklist on Clinical Documentation

Purpose:Checklists are used in many different settings for the purpose of standardization and reduction of preventable errors in practice. Our group sought to determine whether a palliative care checklist (PCC) would improve the clinical documentation of key patient information.Methods:An initial review of 110 randomly selected medical records dictated by 10 physicians was performed. The authors identified portions of the dictated medical records that were included regularly, as well as those that were frequently missed. A PCC was drafted after final approval was obtained from the 13 faculty members. Dictations from 13 clinical faculties in the supportive care center were reviewed. A χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to assess the difference in overall checked rates before and after checklist use. A paired t test was used to examine the difference in the average complete rate and checked rates before and after checklist use.Results:There were improvements in the documentation before and after the...
Operation for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis.

Over the past 20 years, 37 patients (31 children and six adults) have undergone operations for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. Prior to 1975, resection of the subvalvular membrane alone was the procedure of choice. However, the recurrence rate was high (36%). Since 1975, resection of the membrane plus left ventricular myectomy has been routine. The recurrence rate in this group has been lower (20%) but is still high. Overall, 11 patients (30%) have had significant recurrence (average gradient 63 mm Hg). Eight of these 11 have undergone a second operation with re-resection of a membrane and left ventricular myectomy. One patient died and in three others (42% ) significant symptoms and gradients remained. One of these three has undergone a successful aortoventriculoplasty, and two patients are awaiting a similar operation. Lessons learned from this experience include the following: (1) Regardless of the type of initial operation, a significant rate of recurrence can be anticipated. (2) Progressive aortic insufficiency and fibromuscular tunnel stenosis occur commonly unless adequate relief of the obstruction is achieved by the first operation. (3) Because repeat resection with left ventricular myectomy is unlikely to be effective when aortic insufficiency and/or tunnel stenosis are present, aortoventriculoplasty should be employed as the definitive reoperative procedure.
Beyond the positive–negative paradigm of Latino/Latina news-media representations: DREAM Act exemplars, stereotypical selection, and American Otherness:

News-media research on coverage of Latino/Latinas has historically focused on negative stereotyping, particularly as threatening, criminal, lazy, or a burden on society. The 2010–2012 newspaper cov...
Assessment of the performance of tuned range-separated hybrid density functionals in predicting accurate quasiparticle spectra

Long-range corrected hybrid functionals that employ a nonempirically tuned range-separation parameter have been demonstrated to yield accurate ionization potentials and fundamental gaps for a wide range of finite systems. Here, we address the question of whether this high level of accuracy is limited to the highest occupied/lowest unoccupied energy levels to which the range-separation parameter is tuned or whether it is retained for the entire valence spectrum. We examine several \ensuremath{\pi}-conjugated molecules and find that orbitals of a different character and symmetry require significantly different range-separation parameters and fractions of exact exchange. This imbalanced treatment of orbitals of a different nature biases the resulting eigenvalue spectra. Thus, the existing schemes for the tuning of range-separated hybrid functionals, while providing for good agreement between the highest occupied energy level and the first ionization potential, do not achieve accuracy comparable to reliable ${G}_{0}$${W}_{0}$ computations for the entire quasiparticle spectrum.
Benign Papilloma of the Male Breast Following Chronic Phenothiazine Therapy

Benign intraductal papilloma is a rare lesion in the male breast. The authors report the occurrence of an intraductal papilloma in a male with more than a ten-year history of phenothiazine therapy (Mellaril® and Prolixin®). Phenothiazines have been demonstrated to cause elevated serum prolactin levels. The literature regarding the relationship between prolactin and mammary tumors in rodents and in humans remains controversial. The occurrence of this rare male breast tumor in the setting of chronic phenothiazine therapy raises further questions as to the role of prolactin in the development of mammary tumors.
Impact of ligand exchange in hydrogen production from cobaloxime-containing photocatalytic systems.

Ligand exchange on the Co(dmgH)2(py)Cl water reduction catalyst was explored under photocatalytic conditions. The photosensitizer fluorescein was connected to the catalyst through the axially coordinated pyridine. While this two-component complex produces H2 from water under visible light irradiation in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA), it is less active than a system containing separate fluorescein and [CoIII(dmgH)2(py)Cl] components. NMR and photolysis experiments show that the Co catalyst undergoes pyridine exchange. Interestingly, glyoximate ligand exchange was also observed photocatalytically and by NMR spectroscopy, thereby showing that integrated systems in which the photosensitizer is linked directly to the Co(dmgH)2(py)Cl catalyst may not remain intact during H2 photogeneration. These studies have also given rise to insights into the catalyst decomposition mechanism.
Indirect cytotoxicity of dental materials: a study with Transwell inserts and the neutral red uptake assay.

Abstract A modification of the Transwell insert methodology was evaluated by using the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in a cytotoxicity test. The Transwell insert methodology was developed to assess the biocompatibility of solid materials used in dentistry and, when initially designed, used the release of radiochromium ((51)Cr) in the cytotoxicity assay. Another aim of this study was to evaluate different exposure regimes with which to assess cytotoxicity. The exposure regimes included: a 1-hour exposure in buffer followed by a 24-hour incubation in growth medium; a 2-hour exposure in buffer followed by a 24-hour incubation in growth medium; a 24-hour exposure in serum-limited medium; and a 24-hour exposure in a serum-sufficient medium. The bioindicator target was the Smulow-Glickman (S-G) human gingival cell line and the biomaterials were dental restoratives. The Transwell insert methodology with the NRU cytotoxicity assay as the cytotoxicity endpoint was effective in differentiating the potencies of the dental restoratives; a 2-hour exposure in buffer and a 24-hour exposure in serum-limited medium were the exposure regimes that most clearly differentiated the test agents according to their potencies. The sequence of cytotoxicity of the dental restoratives to the S-G cells was Vitremer > Ketac-Molar Aplicap > Flow-It.
A Secret Covenant (1962)

The Aram-Pegov exchange of notes, which took place on September 15, 1962, constituted an international agreement. It was also a secret covenant: Neither the Iranian nor the Soviet government made it public or openly acknowledged its existence.
Linear algorithms for graphs of tree-width at most four

A graph G has tree-width at most k if the vertices of G can be decomposed into a tree-like structure of sets of vertices, each set having cardinality at most $k+1.$ An alternate definition of tree-width is in terms of k-elimination sequences, an order to eliminate the vertices of the graph such that each vertex, at the time it is eliminated from the graph, has degree at most k. Amborg and Proskurowski have shown that if a graph has tree-width at most a fixed k, then many NP-hard problems can be solved in linear time, provided this k-elimination sequence is part of the input. Some examples are maximum independent set, minimum dominating set, chromatic number, Hamilton circuit, and network reliability. These algorithms are very efficient for small k, such as 2, 3, or 4, but may be impractical for large k, as they depend exponentially on k. This thesis presents a practical, efficient linear algorithm to find a 4-elimination sequence for a graph of tree-width at most four. Graphs of tree-width at most k are a natural generalization of series-parallel graphs. Just as linear algorithms on series-parallel graphs depend upon their structure, that they have an instance of a series-reduction or a parallel-reduction, the algorithm presented in this thesis depends upon the graphs having certain reductions as well. A reduction process is developed, and reductions are shown that can be applied to a graph of tree-width at most four without increasing its tree-width. Further, each graph of tree-width at most four is shown to contain one of these reductions. The reductions are then used in a linear time algorithm which generates a 4-elimination sequence, if one exists.
Using work design to motivate customer-oriented behaviors

ABSTRACTFront-line employee (FLE) attitudes and behaviors while interacting with consumers largely determine the success or failure of service organizations. To better understand how this happens, this research moves beyond the oversimplified argument that managers either must hire or specifically train for workers to be customer oriented and to perform customer-oriented behaviors (COBs). A third path is proposed and empirically explored that suggests managers use work design to influence FLEs at work motivation to perform COBs. Specific work design levers managers can employ – manager support and serial/investiture socialization – are shown to impact FLE organizational commitment and role clarity with customers. Through these individual internal processes service organizations motivate front-line workers to perform desired COBs.
Minimally invasive collection of adipose tissue facilitates the study of eco-physiology in small-bodied mammals

1.Adipose tissue is the primary fuel storage for vertebrates and is an important component of energy budgets during periods of peak energetic demands. Investigating the composition of adipose tissue can provide information about energetics, migration, reproduction, and other life-history traits. Until now, most field methods for sampling adipose tissue of small-bodied vertebrates have been destructive. Therefore, investigations of adipose tissue in small-bodied vertebrates have been limited in their broad scale application. 2.We developed a field-ready micro-adipose biopsy method for sampling adipose tissue of small-bodied vertebrates, by adopting fine needle adipose aspiration. We applied the method to silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans), and then quantified the resulting fatty acid signatures of a summer group and an autumn group to demonstrate one possible application of the method. 3.We successfully obtained interpretable fatty acid signatures from 74.5% of micro-adipose biopsy attempts, with success positively correlated with body mass index. Summer and autumn groups of bats had different fatty acid signatures likely representing varied available dietary compositions at resident sites (the habitat where adipose deposits are accumulated prior to migration). The fatty acid profile of autumn silver-haired bats was largely characterized by 16:0, 18:1, and 14:0 and the summer group was characterized by 16:0, 16:1, and 18:0. Our results suggest that fatty acid signatures have the potential to characterize the origins of migrating individuals, or the number of unique sub-populations being supported by a migration route. 4.This field-ready fine needle adipose aspiration method can be used on small-bodied mammals and modified for application to other small-bodied vertebrates. This non-destructive approach to sampling adipose tissue has great value because it allows for robust sample sizes, longitudinal studies of the same individuals across space and time, and sampling of rare, threatened, and endangered species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Use of Distributed Temperature Sensing Technology to Characterize Fire Behavior.

We evaluated the potential of a fiber optic cable connected to distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology to withstand wildland fire conditions and quantify fire behavior parameters. We used a custom-made ‘fire cable’ consisting of three optical fibers coated with three different materials—acrylate, copper and polyimide. The 150-m cable was deployed in grasslands and burned in three prescribed fires. The DTS system recorded fire cable output every three seconds and integrated temperatures every 50.6 cm. Results indicated the fire cable was physically capable of withstanding repeated rugged use. Fiber coating materials withstood temperatures up to 422 °C. Changes in fiber attenuation following fire were near zero (−0.81 to 0.12 dB/km) indicating essentially no change in light gain or loss as a function of distance or fire intensity over the length of the fire cable. Results indicated fire cable and DTS technology have potential to quantify fire environment parameters such as heat duration and rate of spread but additional experimentation and analysis are required to determine efficacy and response times. This study adds understanding of DTS and fire cable technology as a potential new method for characterizing fire behavior parameters at greater temporal and spatial scales.
Reversible spin texture in ferroelectric HfO2

Spin-orbit coupling effects occurring in noncentrosymmetric materials are known to be responsible for nontrivial spin configurations and a number of emergent physical phenomena. Ferroelectric materials may be especially interesting in this regard due to reversible spontaneous polarization making possible a nonvolatile electrical control of the spin degrees of freedom. Here, we explore a technologically relevant oxide material, $\mathrm{Hf}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, which has been shown to exhibit robust ferroelectricity in a noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic phase. Using theoretical modelling based on density-functional theory, we investigate the spin-dependent electronic structure of the ferroelectric $\mathrm{Hf}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and demonstrate the appearance of chiral spin textures driven by spin-orbit coupling. We analyze these spin configurations in terms of the Rashba and Dresselhaus effects within the $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian model and find that the Rashba-type spin texture dominates around the valence-band maximum, while the Dresselhaus-type spin texture prevails around the conduction band minimum. The latter is characterized by a very large Dresselhaus constant ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}=0.578$ eV \AA{}, which allows using this material as a tunnel barrier to produce tunneling anomalous and spin Hall effects that are reversible by ferroelectric polarization.
Macrolide‐associated sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review

Objectives To investigate the potential association of macrolide antibiotics with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and which agents and dosage may be related. To evaluate whether an optimal treatment exists for reversing SNHL that occurs after macrolide therapy. Study Design Systematic review of the literature. Methods Computerized (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and manual searches were performed to identify human studies of all ages (patients) who received macrolides (intervention, with or without control) and documented SNHL (outcome). All study designs were assessed. Extracted data included macrolide regimen details, as well as the timing, severity, and reversibility of SNHL with drug cessation alone or with additional medical intervention. Study designs and the associated risk of bias were assessed. Results The 44 publications (3 prospective, 41 retrospective) that met these criteria described 78 cases of audiometrically confirmed SNHL. SNHL was associated with oral and intravenous macrolide administration at standard and elevated doses. SNHL was irreversible in six cases, despite macrolide cessation (n = 5) and oral steroid treatment (n = 1). Irreversible SNHL was observed following 2 to 3 days of exposure. SNHL was reversible with macrolide cessation alone in 70 cases. In two cases, macrolide cessation coupled with oral steroid administration restored hearing. Reversible cases improved within hours to days. Nine studies also described 42 cases of subjective patient-reported hearing loss. Limitations in the data arose from study design, related comorbidities, and concomitant drug administration. Conclusion SNHL may follow macrolide exposure, even at standard oral doses. Further research is needed to understand the incidence, prevalence, and biological mechanism of its ototoxicity. Laryngoscope, 128:228–236, 2018
Despicable Others: Animated Othering as Equipment for Living in the Era of Trump

AbstractThis essay comparatively examines U.S.-Russian and U.S.-Mexican interculturality in the Despicable Me movie franchise. We argue that cultural transformations of the main protagonists – Russian Gru and Mexican El Macho – are politically significant cases of U.S.-Russian and U.S.-Mexican interculturality, reflected and constructed by popular culture in general, and by animated cartoons in particular. Conceptualizing and analyzing animation as “equipment for living,” we demonstrate how these cases serve as epistemological and pedagogical tools of confirming U.S.-dominant ideology, and discursively and visually constructing (Russian and Mexican) Others the way that they are currently understood and treated in (the non-fictional) U.S. society.
Methods for Obtaining Food Consumption Information

The eight general methods used to assess food consumption include food disappearance data, household disappearance data, dietary histories, dietary frequencies, 24-hour recalls, food records, weighed intakes, and duplicate portions. Each method becomes refined and unique in the hands of experienced users, and innovations may be made to increase the accuracy and efficiency of data collection and evaluation. The method of choice for a particular study depends primarily upon the purposes of the study and available resources; however, other factors such as number of subjects and interviewers, abilities of subjects, and time allotted to collect dietary data may also affect the selection of the method. Memory methods (food frequencies and food recalls) are best used to access “usual intake,” while actual intakes for clinical or metabolic studies might more appropriately be obtained by food records, weighed intakes, or duplicate portions. Continued improvement in all methods is needed to assess food intake more precisely and to determine the relationships of diet to health and disease.
Electromagnetic vibration analysis of double redundancy permanent magnet synchronous motors in two modes

Double redundancy permanent magnet synchronous motor (DRPMSM) is used in the occasion which has higher reliability requirement. In the paper, the electromagnetic vibration of fractional-slot concentrated windings dual-redundancy permanent magnet synchronous motor of 10-pole/12-slot with low thermal coupling and non-electromagnetic coupling between windings in two modes which includes double-redundancy working and single-redundancy working, was investigated and simulated. Electromagnetic field and force, motor modal and electromagnetic vibration were researched in orders. The differences between them were analyzed. The results can offer guides for the structure design of DRPMSM.
An Object-Oriented Approach to the Finite Element Modeling and Design of Material Processes

An object-oriented approach to the analysis and design of metal forming and directional solidification processes is presented. A number of specific ideas are introduced on how a deformation or a solidification process can be partitioned into subproblems that can be independently developed and tested in the form of class hierarchies. Class development based on mathematical and/or physical arguments is emphasized. General ideas are provided to demonstrate that an OOP approach to the FEM modeling and design of material processes can lead to efficient simulators that are easily maintainable and expandable. A metal forming example is presented to demonstrate the ability of the deformation simulator to handle the analysis of industrial metal forming processes. Also, a design directional solidification example is presented to demonstrate the substantial benefits of using OOP techniques for the design of processes with a desired solidification morphology.
Symptom Control in Palliative Home Care

The control of symptoms other than pain, in the home setting as in the hospital, is of special importance in the terminal phase of oncological diseases, as these disorders accelerate and make the approach to death even more difficult [1].
Real Entrepreneurs Describe Their Mistakes

This chapter includes eight case studies of the difficulties faced by a carefully selected set of successful entrepreneurs who share stories about their worst mistakes. Each talks about one or more of the eight mistakes presented in Chap. 3, as described by founders with very different personalities and styles. These entrepreneurs come from diverse cultural backgrounds, work in different industries, and deal with a wide range of investor characters, partner traits, and types of negotiators. Each case begins with an excerpt from the entrepreneur’s interview in their own words, followed by a diagnosis, a collection of relevant research findings, and implications for practical action in similar situations. The most important thing to note is that these entrepreneurs are reflective individuals, willing to share their entrepreneurial adventuress and negotiation failures so that others can benefit.
FRI0192 Predictors of severe hip involvement in ankylosing spondylitis: data from national inpatient sample

Background Hip involvement in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is common (24%–36%), leading to worse functional outcomes. While some cases achieve long-term remission, few develop progressive joint destruction with 5%–8% requiring hip replacement. Although studies in the past have looked at factors associated with severe hip involvement, these remain debated. Objectives To investigate the factors associated with severe hip disease in patients with AS using a large inpatient US database. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2009–2011, we identified patients with AS based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 720.0 (first 5 positions) and identified patients with hip surgery with ICD-9 procedural codes 800.5, 801.5, 802.5, 803.5, 804.5, 807.5, 808.5, 809.5, 812.1, 815.1, 815.2, 815.3 (any position). NIS is the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient care database in the United States, sponsored by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality as a part of Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regressions were used to derive odds ratio for predictors of hip surgery. Statistical analysis was done using STATA version 13.0 (College Station, TX). Results NIS database from 2009–2011 contained 3538 (weighted counts in the whole US population n=17,480) patients with AS. Out of those, 190 (weighted n=934) had hip surgery (5.36%). Multivariate binomial regression analysis after controlling for confounders (table 1) showed male sex (OR 2.52, CI 1.65–3.83, p Conclusions Our study found male sex and patients with peripheral enthesopathy to have higher odds of severe hip disease requiring surgery among hospitalised AS patients and significantly lower odds with IBD. Previous studies showed an association with age at onset, delay in diagnosis, bilateral involvement, axial/enthesial disease and severe sacroiliitis. Some of these associations could not be analysed in our study due to lack of individual level patient data. Interestingly, epidemiological factors like smoking and obesity which have been linked to severe disease in PsA, were not found to have any significant association. Routine clinical hip exam and radiological imaging might help to identify high-risk patients. Early therapeutic strategies might be indicated for this specific population to prevent severe hip disease and need for hip replacement surgery. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Abstract 1539: Mechanisms of action of bispecific T cell engager-mediated immune response in a lymphoma tumor model

Bispecific T cell Engagers are molecules composed of two single chain variable fragments where one arm binds CD3 on T cells and redirects them to a tumor antigen with the other arm. This causes immune synapse formation between the T cell and tumor cell resulting in T cell activation and destruction of tumor cells. Bispecific T cell engagers have been used successfully in the clinic, however, it is unclear which activities of the host immune system are required for efficacy. This study investigates the mechanisms of action of a Bispecific protein specific for the B7H6 tumor antigen in an immune intact tumor model of lymphoma. In this lymphoma model the median survival for the B7H6xCD3 bispecific treated group was greater than 80 days while the median survival of the control bispecific treated group was 20 days. Monitoring of cellular changes in the bone marrow, blood, spleen and lymph nodes by flow cytometry 24h after bispecific protein treatment revealed that most cellular changes occurred in the inguinal lymph nodes were increases in CD8+ T cell and NK cells while CD4+ T cells decreased. Additionally, intracellular staining of cytokines IFNγ, Mip1α and TNFα in mouse T cells cultured in vitro with target tumor cells and bispecific protein showed that CD8+ T cells had greater polyfunctionality than CD4+ T cells. We have shown that IFNγ is essential for efficacy against lymphoma in vivo. To study the relative contribution of CD4 and CD8 T cells in vivo, lymphoma bearing mice that were depleted of CD4+ T cells or were deficient in CD8+ T cells were monitored for survival after bispecific protein treatment. While both CD4 or CD8 deficient mice had a greater survival when treated with B7H6xCD3 bispecific compared to control bispecific protein, the loss of either cell type resulted in much lower survival compared to WT mice treated with B7H6xCD3. All WT mice receiving B7H6xCD3 bispecific protein survived at least 65 days compared to CD4-depleted mice (median survival 20 days) and CD8-deficient mice (median survival 30 days) receiving the same treatment. In conclusion, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play a critical role in bispecific therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of action of bispecific proteins in vivo will help to develop more effective ways to use these powerful immune activating proteins to treat cancer. Citation Format: Tiffany A. Coupet, Claire Godbersen-Palmer, Charles L. Sentman. Mechanisms of action of bispecific T cell engager-mediated immune response in a lymphoma tumor model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1539.
Special Considerations for the Management of Severe Preschool Wheeze

Preschool wheezing is a common occurrence and is associated with substantial morbidity and health-care utilization. Diagnosis and management are complex by virtue of the broad differential diagnosis and substantial heterogeneity of the presenting phenotypes. Current clinical guidelines for management have been based largely on extrapolated data from older school-age children clinical studies, although recent evidence derived directly from young children has allowed for more evidence-based approaches. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the diagnostic approach to a preschool child that presents with wheezing, review the different presenting phenotypes, and review the available literature for management strategies.
Skew and Trend Aversion: The Impact of Positive Skew and Behavioral Biases on Allocation Decisions

Despite overwhelming evidence of the portfolio benefits, actual investor allocations to trend following strategies are typically 5% or less. Why is there such a significant discrepancy between the optimal allocation and actual allocation to Trend? The authors investigate known behavioral biases as a potential reason. In this article, the authors explore loss aversion, recency bias, and the ambiguity effect as they pertain to trend following, and define the combination of the three trend aversion. The authors quantify trend aversion and show that these biases are a viable explanation for suboptimal allocations to Trend. The authors demonstrate a direct connection between quantifications of known behavioral biases and current suboptimal allocations to trend following. Recognition of this relationship will help allocators make better decisions and construct more robust portfolios. TOPICS:Analysis of individual factors/risk premia, risk management, wealth management, performance measurement, technical analysis Key Findings • We quantify behavioral biases and show they are a viable explanation for sub-optimal allocations to trend following. • The quantitative levels of loss aversion necessary to justify typical allocations to trend following are consistent with psychological studies. • The combination of loss aversion and recency bias is particularly impactful on trend following because of its positive skew.
Impact of Installation Substrates on Photovoltaic Modules Energy Yield

One of the solutions used actually to enhance the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel installed on the roof of the building is to combine them with the green plants. This work presents an experimental study that seeks to describe the electrical and thermal enhancement introduced with the green roof substrate on the PV panel performances. The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of PV module with green roof in comparison with conventional substrate. A comparative study is done between three Si-monocrystalline PV modules installed with three different types of substrates (coatings) (Grass lawn, Slab, and Gravel). An electrical and thermal test is done by using thermocouples, thermal camera and solar analyzer to improve the efficiency of these substrates. The obtained results show an enhancement up to 3% in the electrical power of the PV module installed in grass lawn substrate in comparison with the other. Also, the pictures obtained by the thermal camera show that the grass lawn is the coolest substrate.
Chapter 5 – Powder Processes

This chapter focuses on processes that transform a metal, ceramic, or polymer powder into a solid object. Powders can be formed into shapes by processes that involve compaction and thermal treatment for densification, or they can be converted into functional parts by additive manufacturing processes. To understand powder processing better, the chapter begins with an introduction to the powder state, including particle packing and flow, and continues with a discussion of the macroscopic and microscopic changes that occur during “firing” or thermal treatment, including sintering and grain growth. Several processes that involve compaction are covered, including uniaxial pressing, isostatic pressing, and variations that involve heat and pressure. Rotational molding, a process that begins with a thermoplastic polymer powder and ends with a hollow shape, is introduced as well. The chapter concludes with a discussion of powder-based additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser sintering.
Physiological responses of host parents to rearing an avian brood parasite: An experimental study

Abstract Raising an obligate avian brood parasite is costly for host parents because it redirects valuable parental resources from one's own offspring to genetically unrelated young. The costs of raising a brood parasite may be mediated by physiological stressors for foster parents if it requires greater or biased parental effort compared to raising non-parasitized broods. For example, upregulating glucocorticoid hormones or reducing immune responses may mediate a trade-off between resource allocation to a current brood versus future reproductive opportunities, but published data on parasitized hosts' physiology are scarce. Here we used an experimental approach to test if host parents respond to the presence of brood parasitic young through dynamic changes in their own physiology. We conducted our experiments with parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) fostered into nests of host prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea). Relative to parents caring for non-parasitized control broods, parasitism increased baseline corticosterone levels and reduced body mass in adult male, but not in female, hosts. Immune responses to a novel antigen were depressed in both parents of parasitized broods compared to parents of non-parasitized broods. Additionally, we found that immune function increased along the breeding season regardless of treatment. These experiments also confirmed prior observational data that parasitized adult males have reduced return rates to breeding sites in years subsequent to raising cowbirds. The findings demonstrate diverse physiological effects of parasitism on the foster parents in our particular host-brood parasite system, yet we found no evidence of individual trade-offs between endocrine and immune responses of adult hosts.