cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of plasma thrusters

Summary form only given. Numerical modeling of two distinct electromagnetic thrusters exercising a state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamics code aims to provide validation by comparison to experiments and offer valuable insights into their operation and performance potential. Specifically, the two thrusters modeled are the unsteady pulsed inductive thruster and a megawatt-level quasi-steady magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster. Simulations of the former utilize a new thermodynamic model for ammonia to address the unique performance of the thruster operating with such propellant. Verification of the model and comparisons to experimental data will be presented. Particularly, magnetic field waveforms will be compared along with integrated impulse values over a range of operating energy and propellant mass values. Interrogation of the pertinent variables provides insights into the thruster's acceleration mechanisms in order to decipher the physical processes responsible for the elevated performance when operated with NH 3 propellant. Modeling of the MW-MPD thruster compares computed current waveforms utilizing a pulse-forming network circuit upgrade appropriate for quasi-steady operation. Furthermore, voltage-current characteristics are compared along with computation of the total force generated, plasma power deposition and efficiency to extend the thruster's characterization beyond the limited experimental data
Status of the KTeV experiment at Fermilab

The KTeV experiment is a fixed target experiment at Fermilab. Its primary goal is the search for direct CP violation in the decay of neutral kaons. Its current status and some preliminary results will be discussed.
A Low-Molecular-Weight Soluble Protein from Bovine Lingual Epithelium. II. Purification and Characterization

In an earlier study of rat lingual epithelium, we examined the total SDS-soluble protein from epithelia isolated at different states of development by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In this study, rather than work with total SDS-soluble proteins, we have carried out a series of sequential extractions of bovine lingual epithelium. To separate epithelium from connective tissue, slices of dorsal tongue mucosa were incubated in a solution containing EDTA and 4 proteolytic enzyme inhibitors. We have isolated and partially characterized a low-molecular-weight (LMW) protein from the phosphate-buffered saline extract of bovine lingual epithelium. In the work reported here, we describe some of the biochemical and immunologic characteristics of this protein. The bovine lingual LMW protein has a molecular weight of 8700 +/- 450, an isoelectric point of 4.7 +/- 0.2 pH units, and a high content of the acidic amino acids aspartate and glutamate. We prepared an antibody to LMW protein and examined its specificity by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). We found that the antibody to LMW protein reacts very strongly against LMW protein while it exhibits no cross-reactivity with low levels of an authentic keratin protein but moderate cross-reactivity at higher concentrations of this authentic keratin protein. In a previous publication we have reported the immunohistochemical localization and distribution of this LMW protein.
Influence of Laboratory Methods on Calcareous Saline Soils for EC Measurement and Leaching

Abstract Electrical conductivity (EC) methods were tested using combinations of surrogate irrigation (SI) waters, soil salinity levels, and soils ground or retaining aggregates. The EC varied in low-salinity soils saturated with SI; the sum of the baseline ECe and SI EC were not equal to the measured EC. The baseline ECe and the SI EC sum in the high‐salinity ground soils were not equal to the any measured ECs. Salt‐removal potential from gypsiferous soils was examined using multiple extractions from the same soil sample. Calcium concentrations remained consistent over 14 extractions, whereas Na concentrations decreased. The ECe decreased from more than 8 dS m−1 in the initial extraction, to approximately 4 dS m−1 by the 9th to 14th extraction. Multiple extraction data suggest that improved leaching will not lower soil ECs to less than approximately 4 dS m−1 because of gypsum and calcite reservoirs in the tested soils.
On frames from abelian group codes

Designing low coherence matrices and low-correlation frames is a point of interest in many fields including compressed sensing, MIMO communications and quantum measurements. The challenge is that one must control the (n2) pairwise inner products between the frame elements. In this paper, we exploit the group code approach of David Slepian [1], which constructs frames using unitary group representations and which in general reduces the number of distinct inner products to n - 1. We demonstrate how to efficiently find optimal representations of cyclic groups, and we show how basic abelian groups can be used to construct tight frames that have the same dimensions and inner products as those arising from certain more complex nonabelian groups. We support our work with theoretical bounds and simulations.
Probability model for assessing proteins assembled from peptide sequences inferred from tandem mass spectrometry data

In shotgun proteomics, tandem mass spectrometry is used to identify peptides derived from proteins. After the peptides are detected, proteins are reassembled via a reference database of protein or gene information. Redundancy and homology between protein records in databases make it challenging to assign peptides to proteins that may or may not be in an experimental sample. Here, a probability model is introduced for determining the likelihood that peptides are correctly assigned to proteins. This model derives consistent probability estimates for assembled proteins. The probability scores make it easier to confidently identify proteins in complex samples and to accurately estimate false-positive rates. The algorithm based on this model is robust in creating protein complements from peptides from bovine protein standards, yeast, Ustilago maydis cell lysates, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. It also eliminates the side effects of redundancy and homology from the reference databases by employing a new concept of peptide grouping and by coherently distinguishing distinct peptides from unique records and shared peptides from homologous proteins. The software that runs the algorithm, called PANORAMICS, provides a tool to help analyze the data based on a researcher's knowledge about the sample. The software operates efficiently and quickly compared to other software platforms.
Pituitary gonadotrophs: nuclear concentration of radioactivity after injection of ( 3 H)testosterone.

Gonadotrophs and castration cells in the male rat pituitary showed nuclear concentration of radioactivity 1 hour after [ 1,2,6,7-3H ] testosterone injection. Thyrotrophs and acidophils did not retain radioactivity; also the cells of the intermediate and posterior lobes did not accumulate radioactivity. The autoradiographic results suggest a direct and selective action of androgen on gonadotrophs, which contrasts with the action of estradiol which was shown earlier to bind not only to basophils but to acidophils and chromophobes as well.
Gas-phase reactions of the bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium cation with imines

Abstract The reactions of the bis(η 5 -cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium cation ( 1 ) with four imines have been studied in the gas phase by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Reactivity of the bis(η 5 -cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium cation is governed by the availability of a labile hydrogen in the corresponding imine. The products observed differ from those that might be expected in analogy with earlier work on ketones, aldehydes and alkenes (e.g., zirconocene η 3 -enolate and η 3 -allyl complexes): azomethyne/benzylidene species are found instead of enamines; however, the general reaction mechanism resembles that proposed for ketones and alkenes. An elimination reaction leading to final products was shown to be preceded by a fast migratory insertion/deinsertion equilibrium for alkyl-substituted imines. Such an equilibrium is not possible for aryl-substituted imines due to lack of lability of the aryl groups and thus only methane elimination was observed for these imines.
Is Preventative, Concurrent Management of the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Possible?

In Iowa, the management of insect pests in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has been complicated by the arrival of the invasive species soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and occasional outbreaks of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), populations leading to economic losses. Several insecticide programs designed to reduce abundance of the overwintered and Þrst generationC.trifurcata and the incidence of bean pod mottle virus were evaluated over 3 yr (2004 Ð2006) for their impacts on A. glycines populations, at three locations in Iowa (Floyd, Lucas, and Story counties). There was no signiÞcant overlap of either overwintered (early May) or the Þrst (early July) generations of C. trifurcata with A. glycines, because aphids were Þrst detected in June and they did not reach economically damaging levels until August, if at all. During this study, insecticides targeting the overwintered population or the Þrst generation ofC.trifurcata provided a limited impact onA.glycines populations compared with untreated controls, and they did not prevent economic populations from occurring. Furthermore, the highest populations of A. glycines were frequently observed when a low rate of lambda-cyhalothrin (178 ml/ha) was applied targeting the overwintered population of C. trifurcata. Soybean yields were not protected by any of the insecticide treatments. Our results indicate that the use of either early season foliar or seed-applied insecticides forC.trifurcata management is of limited value forA.glycines management.
Percutaneous transhepatic placement of a stent-graft to treat a delayed mesoportal hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Postoperative hemorrhage is one of the most severe complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. While detection of bleeding from adjacent arteries via conventional angiography and treatment with endovascular arterial coil embolization has been well established, to date no reports of percutaneous therapy for mesoportal hemorrhage have been published. This article describes an unusual case of delayed post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage detected on a fluoroscopic drain check and treated with percutaneous transhepatic covered stent placement.
A hardware/software cooperative approach for reducing memory traffic in application-specific instruction set processors

Application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP) has emerged as an important design choice for embedded systems. It can achieve both high flexibility offered by the base processor core and high performance and energy-efficiency offered by the dedicated hardware extensions. Although a lot of efforts have been devoted to computation acceleration (e.g., automatic custom instruction identification and synthesis), the limited on-chip data storage elements, including the register file and data cache, have become a potential performance bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a hardware/software cooperative approach to utilize the custom registers for reducing the data traffic between the processor and memory through efficient communications between the base processor core and custom hardware extensions. Our experimental results demonstrate that promising performance improvements can be achieved.
Importance of Metapopulation Connectivity to Restocking and Restoration of Marine Species

We examine the impact of spatial processes on the efficacy of restocking in species with varying forms of population or metapopulation structure. Metapopulations are classified based on spatial complexity and the degree of connectedness between populations. Designation of effective restocking sites requires careful attention to metapopulation dynamics; populations in the metapopulation can differ dramatically in demography and connectivity, and the sites they occupy can vary in habitat quality. Source populations, which are optimal for restocking, can be distinct geographically and may be a small percentage of the metapopulation. Sink areas, where restocking is almost certain to be fruitless, can nonetheless serve as productive locations for habitat restoration since larvae from source reefs are likely to recruit to these areas. Effective restocking of metapopulations is most likely to be attained by selection of optimal source populations; inattention to metapopulation dynamics can doom restoration efforts with marine species.
Neurological changes and emotional functioning in adults with Down Syndrome

This study was designed to examine emotional changes in adults with Down Syndrome (DS) over time and whether changes in these psychological variables were associated with brain atrophy on MRI scan and the presence of pathological reflexes on the neurological examination. Participants were 26 adults with DS and their caregivers. Caregivers completed a measure of emotional functioning about individuals with DS at two different time points (1 year apart). Levels of cognitive functioning were measured and neurological and MRI examinations were performed on all subjects at initial testing. Significant group effect separated those with and without pathological findings on MRI and neurological exam across three different scales: depression, indifference, and pragmatic language functioning. Problems of poor pragmatic language functioning appeared later in the course of suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD), as demonstrated by a significant group effect at time 2, but not at initial testing. In these subjects, the primary emotional change was a decline in social discourse (e.g. conversational style, literal understanding, verbal expression in social contexts). These emotional levels were stable over time, regardless of degree of cognitive decline. Specific emotional changes occur during the course of AD which were associated with abnormal findings from MRI and from neurological examination. These results, along with abnormalities in brain imaging and the presence of pathological reflexes, suggested that frontal lobe dysfunction is likely to be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome.
The Management of Central Neurocytoma: Radiotherapy

Intraventricular neurocytomas (IVNs) are rare tumors of neuronal differentiation, accounting for 0.1% to 0.5% of all primary brain tumors. Complete surgical resection is highly recommended, but at least one-third to one-half are subtotally resected. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and conventional radiotherapy have been used for management of residual and recurrent tumors, but the optimal treatment following subtotal surgical resection is less clear. Although there are trends toward higher local tumor control and survival rates with lower complications among IVNs treated with SRS, higher quality data are required to confirm these findings.
North Adriatic tides: observations, variational data assimilation modeling, and linear tide dynamics

Fifteen open-sea time-series observations of tidal velocities and tidal bottom pressures for more than six months duration provide a new database for North Adriatic tides. The observations show nearly reversing tidal currents at most locations and increasing tidal-current strength near Istria. Tidal elevation amplitudes and phases respectively increase northwestward and counterclockwise, strongly for semidiurnal tides and weakly for diurnal tides. The data are used for optimal determination of boundary conditions for a linear strong-constraint variational data assimilation model and the resulting average rms difference errors for tidal elevations and currents are below 1 cm and 0.5 cm/s, respectively. The Q factors from the model are 14.0 for M2 and 22.4 for K1, but comparisons between frictional dissipation estimated from the model and from the data suggest that model dissipation values could be too high by a factor of two and Q factors too small. Model potential energy is 1.5 times kinetic energy for M2 and 6.1 times kinetic energy for K1. Observational and modeling results suggest that energy fluxes from Kvarner Bay are significant in the North Adriatic tidal energy balance. M2 energy fluxes support the concept of an incident and reflected Kelvin wave in the North Adriatic with some modification. K1 energy fluxes show a northeastward cross-basin flux near the 50 m isobath where the bathymetric slope is particularly steep, with Kelvin-wave-like structures north of the ridge and departures from Kelvin-wave structure south of the ridge.
Testing Self-Efficacy as a Pathway that Supports Self-Care among Family Caregivers in a Psychoeducational Intervention.

This study investigated the extent to which a psychoeducational intervention supports family-centered care by influencing health risk and self-care behaviors of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (N ¼325). Moreover, this study investigated the extent to which changes in self-efficacy explained changes in health risk and self-care behaviors. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression. Qualitative written accounts of the impact of the intervention augmented the quantitative findings. The study’s findings revealed that family caregivers experienced reductions in health risk behaviors and improvements in exercise, stress management, and relaxation activities as a result of participating in the psychoeducational intervention. Improvement in selfefficacy was linked with reductions in health risk behaviors and increased involvement in stress management and relaxation activities. Implications are discussed in terms of the need to understand the mechanisms by which interventions influence family caregivers and the role these mechanisms play in supporting family-centered care.
Third-order Miller-type rule from coherent states

Coherent states and a newly developed form of the density operator are used to relate the third-order susceptibility to the first-order susceptibility. The theoretical result is shown to be in fair agreement with the empirical relation.
Androgens Modulate Structure and Function of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Brain Clock

Gonadal hormones can modulate circadian rhythms in rodents and humans, and androgen receptors are highly localized within the core region of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) brain clock. Although androgens are known to modulate neural plasticity in other CNS compartments, the role of androgens and their receptors on plasticity in the SCN is unexplored. In the present study, we ask whether androgens influence the structure and function of the mouse SCN by examining the effects of gonadectomy (GDX) on the structure of the SCN circuit and its responses to light, including induction of clock genes and behavioral phase shifting. We found that after GDX, glial fibrillary acidic protein increased with concomitant decreases in the expression of the synaptic proteins synaptophysin and postsynaptic density 95. We also found that GDX exerts effects on the molecular and behavioral responses to light that are phase dependent. In late night [circadian time (CT)21], GDX increased light-induced mPer1 but not mPer2 expression compared with intact (INT) controls. In contrast, in early night (CT13.5), GDX decreased light induced mPer2 but had no effect on mPer1. At CT13.5, GDX animals also showed larger phase delays than did INT. Treatment of GDX animals with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone restored glial fibrillary acidic protein, postsynaptic density 95, and synaptophysin in the SCN and reinstated the INT pattern of molecular and behavioral responses to light. Together, the results reveal a role for androgens in regulating circuitry in the mouse SCN, with functional consequences for clock gene expression and behavioral responses to photic phase resetting stimuli.
A Multichannel Deflection Plates Control System for the ALF Facility at the APS

A deflection plates control system was developed as part of SPIRIT (Single Photon Ionization/Resonant Ionization to Threshold), a new secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) instrument that uses tunable vacuum ultraviolet light from the APS ALF (Argonne Linear Free-electron laser) facility for postionization. The system comprises a crate controller with PC104 embedded computer, 32 amplifiers, and two 1-kV power supplies. Thirty-two D/A converters are used to control voltages at the deflection plates within ± 400 V with 100-mV resolution. An algorithm for simultaneous sweeping of up to 16 XY areas with 10-μs time resolution also has been implemented in the embedded computer. The purpose of the system is to supply potentials to various ion optical elements for electrostatic control of keV primary and secondary ion beams in this SNMS instrument. The control system is of particular value in supplying (1) bipolar potentials for steering ions, (2) multiple potentials for octupole lenses that shape the ion beams, and (3) ramped deflection potentials for rastering the primary ion beam. The system has been in use as part of the SPIRIT instrument at the ALF facility since 2002.
On Modeling VoIP Traffic in Broadband Networks

With the general trend towards ubiquitous access to networks, more users will prefer to make voice calls through the Internet. Voice over IP (VoIP) as the application which facilitates voice calls through the Internet will increasingly occupy more traffic. The growth of delay sensitive traffic that requires special quality of service from the network will impose new constraints on network designers who should wisely allocate the limited resources to users based on their required quality of service. An efficient resource allocation depends upon gaining accurate information about the traffic profile of user applications. In this paper, we have studied the access level traffic profile of VoIP applications and proposed a realistic distribution model for VoIP traffic. Based on our model, we have introduced an algorithm for resource allocation in networks. It is shown that using our algorithm will enhance the delay and utilization performance of the network.
Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Activity Study of Lapatinib (GW572016), a Reversible Dual Inhibitor of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, in Heavily Pretreated Patients With Metastatic Carcinomas

Purpose This study (EGF10004) assessed the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of daily oral dosing with lapatinib (GW572016) in patients with ErbB1-expressing and/or ErbB2-overexpressing advanced-stage refractory solid tumors.
Management of resistance in Bemisia in Arizona cotton

A whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) resistance crisis climaxed in 1995 in Arizona cotton and prompted the development of an integrated resistance management strategy adapted from a program implemented in Israel in 1987. The strategy incorporated two new major elements: once-per-year use of the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and measures to delay use of pyrethroids for as long into the growing season as possible. A three-stage chemical use recommendation was formulated comprising IGRs (Stage I), other non-pyrethroid insecticides (Stage II), and synergized pyrethroid insecticides (Stage III). Results from use of the strategy in the 1996 season were very promising. Insecticide use for control of whiteflies was reduced substantially. State-wide monitoring of whitefly susceptibility revealed significant reductions in resistance to synergized pyrethroids as well as increased susceptibility to amitraz. Susceptibility of Lygus bugs to key insecticides changed correspondingly with increases and decreases in whitefly resistance from 1994 through 1996.
SALINE PREFERENCE IN RATS DETERMINED BY CONTINGENT LICKING1

The albino rat's preference for .1 molar NaCl solution when paired with distilled water was measured using a lick contingent method. The method precluded position bias and revealed some fluid-deprivation influences in the resulting measured preference. Rats were trained to lick at a drinking tube containing water in order to obtain another tube containing the saline solution, under several levels of water deprivation. When tube contents were varied, the patterns of licking varied concurrently. Preference data was collected at low levels of fluid deprivation. It was shown that the saline solution was the primary controlling stimulus.
Transport of Edible Oil Emulsions in Clayey Sands: 3D Sandbox Results and Model Validation

Injection of edible oils into the subsurface can provide an effective, low-cost alternative for stimulating anaerobic bioreme- diation processes. However, concerns have been raised about the effects of oil buoyancy and variations in aquifer permeability on the final distribution of oil in the subsurface. Three-dimensional 3D sandbox experiments 1.2 m0.98 m0.98 m were conducted to study the distribution of edible oil emulsions under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. A fine emulsion was first injected followed by chase water to distribute the emulsion throughout the sandbox. This approach was very effective, resulting in a reasonably uniform volatile solids distribution in the top, middle, and bottom layers, measured 5 and 7 weeks after the completion of emulsion injection. A standard colloidal transport model that includes a Langmuirian blocking function was used to simulate emulsion transport and retention in the 3D sandbox. All parameters for the emulsion transport model were measured independently. Simulations results generally matched observed values for both the homogeneous and heterogeneous injection tests demonstrating that this approach can be used to describe the transport and distribution of emulsified oil in sandy sediments.
Treatment planning technique in patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy.

Many of the technical subtleties involved in postmastectomy radiation treatment planning will never be addressed in a robust clinical trial setting. However, these issues are faced daily by practicing radiation oncologists with little to guide them in the published literature. The purpose of this study was to survey a small number of breast care providers in both academic and private practice settings on practical aspects of postmastectomy radiation treatment planning. Topics addressed included the use of sophisticated dose-modulation algorithms, hypofractionation, bolus material, and dose-volume histogram (DVH) constraints. Fifty-two people responded to the survey, 50% in academics and 50% in private practice. As expected, wide variation in clinical practice was seen although a few general trends emerged. We include here, with the survey results, a review of the relevant literature for a number of different treatment-related issues. Although the use of postmastectomy radiation therapy is common, literature guiding the reader on technical aspects of delivery is sparse. The data presented here provide a general framework of what is considered acceptable by currently practicing radiation oncologists in many different practice settings.
Near-Optimal Multiuser Detection in Asynchronous MC-CDMA via the Ant Colony Approach

In this paper, we present a novel multiuser detection (MUD) structure for asynchronous multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. Previously proposed MUDs assume a desired user while performing joint demodulation. As a result, multiple runs of the demodulation process become necessary to obtain all users' information. In this paper, we present a MUD structure that detects all users' symbols simultaneously in one run. The proposed structure is based on extending the integration time at the receiver to capture the energy scattered in two consecutive symbol durations. We derive the optimal receiver structure and implement it using a low-complexity ant colony optimization (ACO) approach. The proposed ACO-MUD is based on the cooperative foraging strategy of real ants and is shown to converge to the optimal MUD BER performance in relatively few iterations with a 97.7% saving in complexity over an exhaustive search technique
Kinematic Analysis of Dimensional Variation Propagation for Multistage Machining Processes With General Fixture Layouts

Recently, the modeling of variation propagation in complex multistage manufacturing processes has drawn significant attention. In this paper, a linear model is developed to describe the dimensional variation propagation of machining processes through kinematic analysis of the relationships among fixture error, datum error, machine geometric error, and the dimensional quality of the product. The developed modeling technique can handle general fixture layouts rather than being limited to a 3-2-1 layout case. The dimensional error accumulation and transformation within the multistage process are quantitatively described in this model. A systematic procedure to build the model is presented and validated. This model has great potential to be applied toward fault diagnosis and process design evaluation for complex machining processes. Note to Practitioners-Variation reduction is essential to improve process efficiency and product quality in order to gain a competitive advantage in manufacturing. Unfortunately, variation reduction presents difficult challenges, particularly for large-scale modern manufacturing processes. Due to the increasing complexity of products, modern manufacturing processes often involve multiple stations or operations. For example, multiple setups and operations are often needed in machining processes to finish the final product. When the workpiece passes through multiple stages, machining errors at each stage will be accumulated onto the workpiece and could further influence the subsequent operations. The variation accumulation and propagation pose significant challenges to final product variation analysis and reduction. This paper focuses on a systematic technique for the modeling of dimensional variation propagation in multistage machining processes. The relationship between typical process faults and product quality characteristics are established through a kinematics analysis. One salient feature of the proposed technique is that the interactions among different operations with general fixture layouts are captured systematically through the modeling of setup errors. This model has great potential to be applied to fault diagnosis and process design evaluation for a complex machining process
High-pressure synthesis of Na2Mg6Si6O18(OH)2—a new hydrous silicate phase isostructural with aenigmatite

A new hydrous phase, Na2Mg6Si6O18(OH)2, which is isostructural with aenigmatite, was synthesized at 10 GPa and 1250 °C and its structure studied with X-ray diffraction data collected from a twinned crystal on a CCD diffractometer. The unit-cell parameters are a = 10.2925(9), b = 10.7052(9), c = 8.8027(10) A, α = 105.280(2), β = 96.712(2), γ = 125.256(2)°, and V = 718.1(5) A3. The structure refi nement indicates that O4 and O14, the only 2 O atoms that are not bonded to Si, are protonated. The presence of OH in the structure is confirmed by an unpolarized Raman spectrum. Compared to anhydrous sodic phases with the aenigmatite-type structure, silicate chains in hydrous Na2Mg6Si6O18(OH)2 are more kinked, resulting in relatively long average Na-O distances.
A Note to Correct the Procedure of Pritsker and Ghare for Locating New Facilities with Respect to Existing Facilities

Abstract An author's correction to a procedure in which an algorithm was presented for optimally locating new facilities with respect to existing facilities when movements between facilities are rectilinear. Published December 1970.
Challenges of Conducting Contingent Valuation Studies in Developing Countries

We review the experiences and challenges that researchers can face when conducting contingent valuation studies in developing countries. We discuss these challenges based on our own experiences of conducting field-contingent valuation studies about genetically modified rice in five developing countries that represent different regions of the world and diverse cultures; we also base our discussion on results from a survey we conducted of agricultural and applied economists regarding their own experiences. The issues covered include the selection and training of local personnel, the recruitment of participants, sampling challenges, participants' compensation, survey methods and implementation, elicitation methods, the literacy rate of the population, and security/safety issues in developing countries. We also discuss the implications of our findings to other well-established stated-preference methods such as choice experiments.
Preliminary Report: A survey of aggressive behaviors in the American coot (Fulica americana) at Ballona Wetlands, California

Abstract Understanding interspecific and intraspecific aggression is important for wildlife management and sustainability of populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in number of occurrences of interspecific aggression between American coots (Fulica americana) and mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and intraspecific aggression among American coots in the Ballona wetland habitat of Southern California. Trends in literature describe coots as highly aggressive toward other coots year-round and toward other bird species during the breeding season. Because we conducted observations outside the breeding season, we hypothesized that more instances of intraspecific aggression would be observed. We found a significant difference between the number of occurrences of interspecific and intraspecific aggression based on four behaviors specific for American coots: charging, paired display, splattering, and churning. There were more instances of intraspecific aggressive enco...
CONTEMPORARY AGRICULTURAL PATTERNS IN A MOUNTAIN PIMA VILLAGE

The Mountain Pima of the village of Nabogame, Chihuahua, Mexico, cultivate maize, beans, squash, potatoes, peaches, chayote, and other crops. Their diet is supplemented with hunting, fishing, and collection of a variety of wild edible plants, as well as with meat, cheese, and eggs. The people utilize a combination of permanent, fallowed, and temporary fields for planting. Manuring of permanent fields involves the periodic movement of goat corrals to different locations. Erosion control includes building of dikes, stone dams, and trenches to control water movement. As a response to growing population in recent decades, the people have adopted swidden agriculture involving the felling of climax forest on very steep hillsides. This, coupled with increased grazing pressure threatens to have long-term adverse impacts on the local environment.
A portable ASV prototype for shallow-water science operations

Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASV) are capable of performing a wide range of tasks given the emergence of state-of-the-art sensors, wireless communications links, autopilots and supervisory control systems. This paper describes prototyping efforts for a new, low-cost, portable ASV specifically developed for transport by helicopter and backpack in the Arctic. A prototype of this new ASV was developed as part of an 8-month undergraduate capstone project at Santa Clara University. The resulting system has a modular aluminum chassis, marine grade thrusters, and an open source autopilot system. The system has undergone initial field testing and has demonstrated the ability to navigate along paths in a region of interest to within 1 meter. This paper reviews the design of the vehicle, illustrates its navigation performance to date, and discusses plans for future work.
Do busy directors influence the cost of debt? An examination through the lens of takeover vulnerability

Abstract We investigate the effects of board busyness on firms' cost of debt by analyzing the relationship through a hostile takeover framework. We initially establish an inverse relationship between board busyness and firms' hostile takeover vulnerability. Next, we test the relationship between board busyness and the cost of debt. Our results suggest that as the level of board busyness increases, the cost of debt decreases. Economically, the cost of debt for firms whose board is comprised of 40% busy directors is about 30 bps lower, compared to those without busy directors. Our results survive extensive robustness checks and provide a positive counterpoint to the negative correlation between board busyness and firm performance.
House Plan's Bad Math: Over-Estimates of Revenue from a Border Adjustment

One of the largest revenue raisers in the House Republicans’ framework for business tax reform is a “border adjustment.” However, projections of revenue from the border adjustment overstate revenue in two ways. The medium-term projections assume that there will be no or very limited avoidance of a border adjusted tax. The long-term revenue projections require an unrealistically large trade deficit.
Effect of physiological factors on the biochemical properties of colon tissue – an in vivo Raman spectroscopy study

Raman spectroscopy provides diagnostic information by detecting disease-associated subtle biochemical changes in the tissue. Yet the physiological variations among normal subjects could confound data interpretation and thus compromise the sensitivity in disease discrimination. We analyzed Raman spectra acquired from colon tissue in vivo through an endoscopic Raman system and evaluated potential physiological factors affecting tissue biochemistry. Fifty-six healthy patients scheduled for colonoscopy screening were enrolled in the study. Intra-subject variability was evaluated via univariate analysis by comparing the intensities of major Raman bands from different anatomical locations. Inter-subject variability was investigated based on various physiological variables, such as age, gender, ethnicity (White/Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic), and body mass index (BMI). Both univariate analysis and principal component analysis-based multivariate analysis were implemented for the investigation of inter-subject variability. The differences among certain physiological variables were further analyzed after accounting for intra-subject variation by generalized estimating equation method due to its advantage in handling repeated measurements. The results showed that physiological factors including gender, ethnicity, age, BMI, and anatomical locations along the colon were significant sources of variability, resulting from different abundance in lipids and proteins. Further correlation analysis revealed that the variability from gender, ethnicity, and age is significantly associated with that from BMI, indicating that BMI might be the key contributor to the inter-subject variability in the spectra. This study suggested the importance of including normal variability, especially BMI and anatomical locations, into the interpretation of Raman spectra for in vivo application. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atenolol reduced mortality and cardiovascular events after noncardiac surgery

Source Citation Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, Tateo I, for the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after nonc...
Familial Low Cholesterol Syndromes, Hypobetalipoproteinemia

The concentration of total plasma cholesterol in ∼90% of adults living in Western societies and eating the “typical” Western diet ranges between ∼150 and 270 mg/dl, corresponding to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels between ∼90 and ∼210 mg/dl and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels between ∼60 and ∼120 mg/dl. Values below the 5th percentile for age, gender, and race are defined as hypobetalipoproteinemia.
Social Work Practice Models: A Better Recipe:

Much of social work model building has been perpetuated by professional acceptance without model coherence and evidence of effectiveness. Criteria for better model building include accurate languag...
Growth and Capacitive Performance of Metals Engineered Tungsten Oxide Structures and Application in Colorant Sensors

Tungsten oxide based micro and nanostructures as well as their 2-D integrated counterparts with appropriate surface modifications such as sensitization, coating of other semiconductors or growth of functional groups have been examined to enhance supercapacitance and sensing capabilities. With the goal of investigation of these changes, the electrochemical capacitance behavior of newly prepared nano and micro-structured tungsten oxide coated substrates were examined. The utilization of WO3 based sensors to differentiate edible colorant and toxic pigments, was also explored. The systematic electrochemical analysis and comparative study of selected colorants was done in order to establish a roadmap to detect model organic compounds for better preventive action.
Sympathy for the Devil: When and How to Negotiate with Criminal Gangs—Case of El Salvador

Criminal gangs, while posing the most substantial threat to security in the Western hemisphere, fall outside the scope of contemporary studies in the field of mediation and negotiation. The prevail...
Experimental Demonstration of Simplified Adaptive Equalizer for Fractionally Sampled 120-GBaud Signal

We propose a fractionally spaced adaptive equalizer (AEQ) using sets of FIR filter taps. Experimental results show that a 3T/4-spaced AEQ can effectively equalize the inter symbol interference of a 120-GBaud signal compared to the conventional T/2-spaced AEQ.
Biocentrism and Ecological Integrity

It is difficult to be a biocentrist these days with all the criticism that has come their way. First of all, biocentrists are criticized for failing to state their view in such a way that it is not biased in favor of the human species.1 Secondly, they are criticized for following Ado Leopold and basing their view on an ecology that regards ecosystems as tending toward stability and harmony — an ecology that is now widely challenged with significant implications for the ideal of ecological integrity.2 Accordingly, one might think that it would be best, as critics have urged, to abandon biocentrism altogether in favor a hierarchical or anthropocentric view. In this paper, however, I show how biocentrism can be defended against these two criticisms and, therefore, should not be abandoned. Specifically, I do this by developing a set of environmental principles that 1) are clearly not biased in favor of human species, 2) can adjust to changes in ecological science and still pursue a goal of ecological integrity. If I am right that biocentrists can adequately defend themselves against their critics then the ethical demands of life would appear to be much stronger than many environmental philosophers have thought.
Chronic Salicylate Toxicity Simulation.

Introduction Chronic salicylate toxicity is an uncommon, potentially life-threatening poisoning that requires high clinical suspicion in order to make the diagnosis. We created a simulation case th...
Effect of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) on Malignancy Rates in Thyroid Nodules: How to Counsel Patients on Extent of Surgery.

To investigate the impact of the nomenclature change to “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features” (NIFTP) on reported malignancy rates following thyroidectomy. Retrospective cohort study of patients with thyroid nodules sampled preoperatively with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and subsequently removed at one tertiary-care hospital from 4/2016 to 2/2017. Surgical procedure, anatomic pathology, thyroid cytopathology classification, and demographic characteristics were recorded. Thyroidectomy was performed in 353 patients. Twenty-six patients (7.3%) had NIFTP on anatomic pathology. Preoperative FNA demonstrated atypia of undetermined significance (AUS/Bethesda III) in 13 (50%), suspicious for malignancy (SUS/Bethesda V) in 6 (23%), suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN/Bethesda IV) in 4 (15%), benign/Bethesda I in 2 (8%), and malignant/Bethesda VI in 1 (4%). Invasive malignancy rates across cytologic categories changed as follows: benign (n = 74) from 4 to 1%, AUS (n = 85) from 33 to 18% (p < 0.05), SFN (n = 58) from 29 to 22%, SUS (n = 33) from 91 to 73% (p < 0.05), and malignant (n = 99) from 99 to 98%. Overall decrease in invasive malignancy was 7.3% for the entire population and 13.1% for indeterminate preoperative FNA cytology (Bethesda III–V). Among 26 NIFTP patients, 17 had thyroid lobectomy (TL) and 9 underwent total thyroidectomy (TT). Eight of the nine patients with TT could have been definitively treated with TL, an 89% decrease. The NIFTP nomenclature change led to an overall decrease in the malignancy rate at our institution, especially for Bethesda III–V categories. Patients may be counseled toward more conservative surgical options if NIFTP is in the differential.
Profiling and Debugging Support for the Kokkos Programming Model

Supercomputing hardware is undergoing a period of significant change. In order to cope with the rapid pace of hardware and, in many cases, programming model innovation, we have developed the Kokkos Programming Model – a C++-based abstraction that permits performance portability across diverse architectures. Our experience has shown that the abstractions developed can significantly frustrate debugging and profiling activities because they break expected code proximity and layout assumptions. In this paper we present the Kokkos Profiling interface, a lightweight, suite of hooks to which debugging and profiling tools can attach to gain deep insights into the execution and data structure behaviors of parallel programs written to the Kokkos interface.
A new pathway of pre-tRNA surveillance in yeast

ABSTRACT During tRNA maturation in yeast, aberrant pre-tRNAs are targeted for 3’-5’ degradation by the nuclear surveillance pathway, and mature tRNAs are targeted for 5’-3’ degradation by the rapid tRNA decay (RTD) pathway, due to lack of certain body modifications or to destabilizing mutations. Here we show that the RTD pathway also targets pre-tRNAs through an unknown, but distinct, mechanism that occurs after nuclear export. Anticodon stem RTD variants of both tRNATyr and tRNASer(CGA) are substrates for pre-tRNA RTD, triggered by the accumulation of end-matured unspliced pre-tRNA due to altered secondary structure of the region comprising the anticodon stem-loop and the intron. Furthermore, increased nuclear availability of a pre-tRNA RTD substrate can provoke decay by nuclear surveillance. We interpret these results in terms of a model of opportunistic tRNA decay, wherein tRNAs are degraded due to a combination of structural instability and increased availability to decay pathways.
The Development of US Regimes of Disappearance: The War on Terror, Mass Incarceration, and Immigrant Deportation:

Following 9/11, hundreds of individuals in the USA were detained on suspicion of engaging in terrorism and subjected to a “hold until cleared” policy which permitted their indefinite detention whil...