cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Did Health Care Become a Campaign Issue

Most people mistakenly assume that health care first became a major political issue in 1945 because President Harry S. Truman’s special address to Congress on Nov. 19 of that year marked the first time a sitting president publicly endorsed a national health-care program. But the question of whether—or to what extent—it is the responsibility of government to subsidize health care for its citizens has been around for a much longer amount of time. Now that health care has become a major focus of domestic political debate, especially in light of the impending presidential election, this article, modified from an entry in the forthcoming Encyclopedia of Campaigns, Elections, & Electoral Behavior (Sage Publications), serves to inform the reader of the origins and history of health care as a campaign issue.
Increased cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations during tryptophan depletion in healthy adults.

Background Brain serotonin neurotransmission and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, and these systems interact in a reciprocal modulatory fashion. This study examined the effect of tryptophan depletion, which acutely reduces brain serotonin concentrations, on serial cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in healthy humans. Methods Five subjects completed a standard tryptophan depletion protocol, and four subjects participated in a comparison condition. Subjects underwent continuous sampling of cerebrospinal fluid via lumbar peristaltic pump. Concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results No mood changes were observed in either group. Tryptophan-depleted subjects exhibited significantly greater increases in corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations over time than subjects in the comparison condition. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential importance of corticotropin-releasing factor and serotonin interactions and suggest that activation of corticotropin-releasing-factor–containing neurons could play a role in the emergence of mood symptoms following tryptophan depletion in vulnerable individuals.
Increased [3H]Phorbol Ester Binding in Rat Cerebellar Granule Cells and Inhibition of 45Ca2+ Buffering in Rat Cerebellum by Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Abstract Our previous structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and protein kinase C (PKC) translocation were associated with the extent of coplanarity. Chlorine substitutions at ortho position on the biphenyl, which increase the non-coplanarity, are characteristic of the most active congeners in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects of selected hydroxylated PCBs, which are major PCB metabolites identified in mammals, on the same measures where PCBs had differential effects based on structural configuration. These measures include PKC translocation as determined by [ 3 H ]phorbol ester ([ 3 H ]PDBu) binding in cerebellar granule cells, and Ca2+ sequestration as determined by 45 Ca 2+ uptake by microsomes isolated from adult rat cerebellum. All the selected hydroxy-PCBs with ortho-chlorine substitutions increased [ 3 H ]PDBu binding in a concentration-dependent manner and the order of potency as determined by E50 (concentration that increases control activity by 50%) is 2′,4′,6′-trichloro-4-biphenylol (32 ± 4 μM), 2′,5′-dichloro-4-biphenylol (70 ± 9 μM), 2,2′,4′,5,5′-pentachloro-4-biphenylol (80 ± 7 μM) and 2,2′,5′-trichloro-4-biphenylol (93 ± 14 μM). All the selected hydroxy-PCBs inhibited microsomal 45 Ca 2+ uptake to a different extent. Among the hydroxy-PCBs selected, 2′,4′,6′-trichloro-4-biphenylol is the most active in increasing [ 3 H ]PDBu binding as well as inhibiting microsomal 45 Ca 2+ uptake. 3,5-Dichloro-4-biphenylol and 3,4′,5-trichloro-4-biphenylol did not increase [ 3 H ]PDBu binding, but inhibited microsomal 45 Ca 2+ uptake. This effect was not related to ionization of these two hydroxy-PCBs. Hydroxylated PCBs seemed to be as active as parent PCBs in vitro. These studies indicate that PCB metabolites such as hydroxy-PCBs might contribute significantly to the neurotoxic responses of PCBs.
Neuroimaging in CP : Issues in pathogenesis and diagnosis

Imaging studies, particularly magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, can be extremely helpful in cerebral palsy. Both the cause of insult and the age of the fetus at the time of the insult are important factors in determining the signal intensity and pattern of abnormality detected on MR imaging. As a result, MR studies can provide information regarding both the cause and timing of the cerebral damage or malformation. Additionally, MR studies are capable of determining the extent or severity of cerebral involvement, which can affect prognosis. This article presents imaging findings associated with the most common causes of cerebral palsy. MRDD Research Reviews 3:118-128, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effects of pH change and NO−3 pulse on microbial community structure and function: a vernal pool microcosm study

Forest vernal pools experience strong environmental fluctuations, such as changes in water chemistry, which are often correlated with changes in microbial community structure. However, very little is known about the extent to which these community changes influence ecosystem processes in vernal pools. This study utilized experimental vernal pool microcosms to simulate persistent pH alteration and a pulse input of nitrate (![Graphic][1] ), which are common perturbations to temperate vernal pool ecosystems. pH was manipulated at the onset and microbial respiration was monitored throughout the study (122 days). On day 29, ![Graphic][2] was added and denitrification rate was measured and bacterial, fungal, and denitrifier communities were profiled on day 30 and day 31. Microbial respiration and both bacterial and fungal community structure were altered by the pH treatment, demonstrating both structural and functional microbial responses. The ![Graphic][3] pulse increased denitrification rate without associated changes in community structure, suggesting that microbial communities responded functionally without structural shifts. The functioning of natural vernal pools, which experience both persistent and short-term environmental change, may thus depend on the type and duration of the change or disturbance. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
A primitive therizinosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah.

The discovery of a well preserved fossil of an early therizinosauroid dinosaur in a Utah quarry marks the first North American record of what is largely an Asian group, predating the formation of the Alaskan land bridge. This raises new questions about the origins of these dinosaurs as well as indicating a faunal exchange between Asia and North America via Europe in the Early Cretaceous. In addition various primitive features of this fossil suggest a pattern by which herbivory could have developed from a carnivorous ancestor. Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks1,2. Although more than a dozen therizinosauroid taxa are known, their relationships within Dinosauria have remained controversial because of fragmentary remains and an unusual suite of characters. The recently discovered ‘feathered’ therizinosauroid Beipiaosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of China helped to clarify the theropod affinities of the group3. However, Beipiaosaurus is also poorly represented. Here we describe a new, primitive therizinosauroid from an extensive paucispecific bonebed at the base of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous) of east-central Utah4,5. This new taxon represents the most complete and most basal therizinosauroid yet discovered. Phylogenetic analysis of coelurosaurian theropods incorporating this taxon places it at the base of the clade Therizinosauroiden, indicating that this species documents the earliest known stage in the poorly understood transition from carnivory to herbivory within Therizinosauroidea. The taxon provides the first documentation, to our knowledge, of therizinosauroids in North America during the Early Cretaceous.
Environment and development in Sikkim Himalaya: a review

This paper discusses the problems of environment and development in Sikkim Himalaya. Two features of Sikkim, the fragile mountain environment and the very rapidly growing population, are crucial in formulating future development plans. An integrated approach to development and environmental conservation is suggested.
Linear, nonlinear and mixed-regime analysis of electrostatic MEMS

Abstract Electrostatically actuated microstructures can undergo large deformations for certain geometric configurations and applied voltages. The use of linear theories in such cases can produce inaccurate results. By selecting a range of geometric parameters (such as beam lengths, thicknesses and gaps), we identify the regimes, where linear theories become inaccurate and necessitate the use of nonlinear theories. In cases where linear theories produce inaccurate results, we propose a mixed-regime approach to combine linear and nonlinear theories. We show that a mixed-regime approach can be more efficient compared to a full nonlinear simulation of the electrostatically actuated structure. This paper also proposes the use of meshless techniques for efficient simulation of linear and nonlinear behavior in electrostatic MEMS.
Direct and high resolution characterization of cytochrome c equilibrium folding.

Protein folding has emerged as a central problem in biophysics, and the equilibrium folding mechanism of cytochrome c (cyt c) has served as a model system. Unfortunately, the detailed characterization of both the folding process and of any intermediate that might be populated has been limited by the low structural and/or temporal resolution of the available techniques. Here, we report the use of a recently developed technique to study folding that is based on the site-selective incorporation of carbon−deuterium (C−D) bonds and their characterization by IR spectroscopy. Specifically, we synthesize and characterize the protein with deuterated residues spread throughout four structural motifs: (d3)Leu68 in the 60's helix, (d8)Lys72 and (d8)Lys73 in the 70's helix, (d8)Lys79, (d3)Met80, and (d3)Ala83 in the D-loop, and (d3)Leu94, (d3)Leu98, and (d3)Ala101 in the C-terminal helix. The data reveal correlated behavior of the residues within each structural motif, as well as between the residues of the 60's and ...
A computational study of x-ray emission from high-Z x-ray sources on the National Ignition Facility laser

Abstract We have begun to use 350–500 kJ of 1/3-micron laser light from the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser to create millimeter-scale, bright multi-keV x-ray sources. In the first set of shots we achieved 15%–18% x-ray conversion efficiency into Xe M-shell (∼1.5–2.5 keV), Ar K-shell (∼3 keV) and Xe L-shell (∼4–5.5 keV) emission (Fournier et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 082701, 2010), in good agreement with the emission modeled using a 2D radiation-hydrodynamics code incorporating a modern Detailed Configuration Accounting atomic model in non-LTE (Colvin et al., Phys. Plasmas, 17, 073111, 2010). In this paper we first briefly review details of the computational model and comparisons of the simulations with the Ar/Xe NIF data. We then discuss a computational study showing sensitivity of the x-ray emission to various beam illumination details (beam configuration, pointing, peak power, pulse shape, etc.) and target parameters (size, initial density, etc.), and finally make some predictions of how the x-ray conversion efficiency expected from NIF shots scales with atomic number of the emitting plasma.
Wrench reconstruction by using a six-axis force sensor

Abstract The methods of reconstructing the applied wrench by using a six-axis force/torque sensor are discussed. Various types of contact, such as soft point and soft line contacts, are investigated. The ambiguity problem in reconstructing the wrench for soft point contact has been shown to be nonexistent if the boundary surface is convex. Examples are also given.
Dose-response effect of 40 weeks of resistance training on bone mineral density in older adults.

Resistance training is becoming popular for maintaining bone health. Previous studies examined high intensity exercise; we compared high and low intensity resistance training performed 2 or 3 days per week in older adults. We found positive bone density responses for the hip and spine for all types of resistance training. This study determined the dose–response effect of resistance training on lumbar spine, proximal femur, and total body bone mineral density (BMD) in older men and women (55–74 years). Subjects included 45 men and 79 women who were assigned to one of the following training groups: 1—high intensity (80% 1RM), 2 days/week (2HI); 2—low intensity (40% 1RM), 2 days/week (2LI); 3—high intensity (80% 1RM), 3 days/week (3HI); and 4—low intensity (40% 1RM), 3 days/week (3LI). Bone scans (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were performed at baseline and after 40 weeks of training. Muscular strength (1-repetition maximum) was assessed every 5 weeks. There were significant trial (p < 0.05) effects but no significant trial × training group interactions for the BMD sites. Spine, trochanter, and total hip BMD increased from baseline to 40 weeks; however, the total body BMD site decreased in the 3LI group. Men and women exhibited similar improvements for the trochanter and total hip sites but the percent change in the spine tended (p = 0.054) to be higher for men (1.8%) than women (0.4%). The resistance training programs, regardless of intensity and frequency, were effective in improving BMD of the proximal femur and lumbar spine but not the total body. Both men and women responded similarly for the hip sites but men show a greater response at the lumbar spine than women.
Participation of prostaglandins in pathogenesis of aspirin-sensitive asthma.

Recent evidence suggests that the induction of bronchoconstriction in aspirin-sensitive patients by analgesics is due to the inhibiton of PG biosynthesis in their respiratory tract. PGEs might play the main defensive role in the bronchi of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Removal of this potent bronchodilator by PG synthetase inhibitors leaves the effects of spasmogens unopposed, and possibly promotes the release of histamine from its stores.
Preparation of Massive Plutonium Metal Directly from Its Oxides

This report details a technique for the rapid production of massive Pu metal directly from its oxides. Salient features of this single unit process are as follows: the reduction of plutonium oxides with Ca metal; the extraction, by dissolution, of the calcium oxide reaction product with molten calcium chloride; and a quantitative separation of the two immiscible molten metal phases by the immiscible salt solution. Reduction, separation and massive metal yield efficiencies are in excess of 99.96%. The purity of the metal produced is equal to that of the initial feed material. The batch cycle time is 15 min. The single waste product is far below recovery level and is discardable as a small volume solid waste.
Labeling Screen Output

This paper describes a technique for labeling the output of a Database Management System (DBMS). The technique allows output to be marked to a fine granularity in an unobtrusive manner. It responds to the varying needs of users by providing two forms of output. In addition, the paper notes ways to improve the user interface by incorporating window and graphic input technology.
Detailed analysis of laser-schlieren measurements on the unimolecular dissociation of SO2

Abstract Laser-schlieren data on SO 2 dissociation were reanalyzed through computer simulation with a detailed mechanism giving: k (M = Kr) = 6.36 × 10 12 T −2.6 and k (M = SO 2 ) = 1.88 × 10 27 T −3.26 cm 6 /mol s for O + SO + M → SO 2 + M over the range 2900–5200 K. These rates continue to disagree with measurements using the electronic transitions of SO 2 , and this is discussed.
Wave propagation models for quantitative defect detection by ultrasonic methods

Ultrasonic guided wave testing necessitates of quantitative, rather than qualitative, information on flaw size, shape and position. This quantitative diagnosis ability can be used to provide meaningful data to a prognosis algorithm for remaining life prediction, or simply to generate data sets for a statistical defect classification algorithm. Quantitative diagnostics needs models able to represent the interaction of guided waves with various defect scenarios. One such model is the Global-Local (GL) method, which uses a full finite element discretization of the region around a flaw to properly represent wave diffraction, and a suitable set of wave functions to simulate regions away from the flaw. Displacement and stress continuity conditions are imposed at the boundary between the global and the local regions. In this paper the GL method is expanded to take advantage of the Semi-Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method in the global portion of the waveguide. The SAFE method is efficient because it only requires the discretization of the cross-section of the waveguide to obtain the wave dispersion solutions and it can handle complex structures such as multilayered sandwich panels. The GL method is applied to predicting quantitatively the interaction of guided waves with defects in aluminum and composites structural components.
SH wave motions in laminated orthotropic plates.

10.00 n Computed Eq. (15) Computed Eq. (15) Computed Eq. (15) Computed Eq. (15) Computed Eq. (15) Computed Eq. (15) Computed Eq. (15) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Analogical apes and paleological monkeys revisited

We argue that formal analogical reasoning is not a uniquely human trait but is found in chimpanzees, if not in monkeys. We also contest the claim that the relational matching-to-sample task is not exemplary of analogical behavior, and we provide evidence that symbolic-like treatment of relational information can be found in nonhuman species, a point in contention with the relational reinterpretation hypothesis.
Parametric instability of a relativistically strong electromagnetic wave.

The stability of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave that is strong enough to make plasma electrons, but not ions, relativistic is studied. Small perturbations are considered which propagate parallel to the large‐amplitude driver. A relativistically strong wave can be unstable on time scales as short as twice its own oscillation period, and decays into a forward‐going plasma oscillation and either one or two electromagnetic waves. Ion motion introduces an additional instability which can be important at short perturbation wavelengths, where the driver would otherwise be stable. The unstable ion and electron modes both have potential for producing anomalously large acceleration of relativistic particles, as well as significant amounts of backscattered light. These effects may be important in two applications: (1) the use of intense lasers to heat or compress plasma, and (2) the plasma surrounding a pulsar, if the pulsar is losing energy by radiation of electromagnetic waves at its rotation frequency. Instability persists in the nonrelativistic regime, reducing to stimulated Raman scattering as a special case.
Metacognition and Passing: Strategic Interactions in the Lives of Students with Learning Disabilities

A paradox appears in the lives of students with learning disabilities: on the one hand, they go to great lengths to avoid difficult tasks while trying to appear competent (i.e., they display many of the characteristics associated with people who are attempting to conceal a tarnished identity while “passing” as bona fide). On the other hand, they check, monitor, and evaluate their actions (i.e., they display many of the characteristics associated with “metacognition”). Our review of the case histories of students with learning disabilities leads us to conclude (1) that passing and metacognition are flip sides of the same conceptual coin—strategic interaction—because they both involve planning and awareness of action directed toward the accomplishment of a goal, and (2) that these notions are context-bound, not context-free, activities—because they make their appearance on some but not all occasions of interaction.
Signal transduction targets in Kaposi's sarcoma

Purpose of reviewAIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma results from co-infection with HIV and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8, which leads to the development of an angiogenic-inflammatory state that is critical in the pathogenesis of the condition. Recent discoveries regarding Kaposi's sarc
Macrosonics in industry: Ultrasonic soldering

Abstract Ultrasonic soldering is one of several uses of power ultrasonics that have been known for many years. Although it was discovered nearly 40 years ago, and has the unique capability of joining materials which are difficult to solder such as aluminium, ultrasonic soldering has never enjoyed widespread industrial use. There is a current resurgence of interest in the process, motivated mainly by the application of soldering all-aluminium heat exchangers. This and other new uses in the electronics field may yet permit ultrasonic soldering to achieve the status of a major use of power ultrasound.
Swing: From Time to Torque (Dance Floor Democracy at the Hollywood Canteen)

The Hollywood Canteen (1942–1945) was the most famous of the USO and USO-like patriotic nightclubs where civilian hostesses jitterbugged with enlisted men of the Allied Nations during World War II. It is also the subject of much U.S. national nostalgia about the “Good War” and “Greatest Generation.” Drawing from oral histories with civilian volunteers and military guests who danced at the Hollywood Canteen, this article focuses on the ways that interviewees navigated the forceful narrative terrain of national nostalgia, sometimes supporting it, sometimes pulling away from or pushing it in critical ways, and usually a little of each. This article posits a new interpretative method for analyzing struggles over “democracy” for jazz and swing studies through a focus on “torque” that brings together oral history, improvisation studies, and dance studies to bear on engaging interviewees' embodied narratives on ideologically loaded ground, improvising on the past in the present.
Invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in California native perennial bunchgrasses.

In California valley grasslands, Avena fatua L. and other exotic annual grasses have largely displaced native perennial bunchgrasses such as Elymus glaucus Buckley and Nassella pulchra (A. Hitchc.) Barkworth. The invasion success and continued dominance of the exotics has been generally attributed to changes in disturbance regimes and the outcome of direct competition between species. Here, we report that exotic grasses can also indirectly increase disease incidence in nearby native grasses. We found that the presence of A. fatua more than doubled incidence of infection by barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs) in E. glaucus. Because B/CYDV infection can stunt E. glaucus and other native bunchgrasses, the indirect effects of A. fatua on virus incidence in natives suggests that apparent competition may be an additional mechanism influencing interactions among exotic and native grasses in California. A. fatua’s influence on virus incidence is likely mediated by its effects on populations of aphids that vector B/CYDVs. In our study, aphids consistently preferred exotic annuals as hosts and experienced higher fecundity on them, suggesting that the exotics can attract and amplify vector populations. To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first demonstration that exotic plants can indirectly influence virus incidence in natives. We suggest that invasion success may be influenced by the capacity of exotic plant species to increase the pathogen loads of native species with which they compete.
Effect of Bermudagrass Height on Clover Establishment

Interseeding cool-season forage legumes into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] can extend the grazing season and increase forage quality. Common (cultivar unknown) and 'Regal' white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and 'Dixie' and 'Tibbee' crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.) were sown at 7000 pure live seed/plot into 'Tifton-44' bermudagrass sod. The experimental design was a 4x4 Latin square with bermudagrass height (2, 7, 12, or 17 cm) as main plot treatments and legume cultivar as subplot treatments. There was a linear response in percentage legume ground cover with increasing bermudagrass heights. For every 5-cm increase in bermudagrass height there was approximately a 2% reduction in ground cover for crimson dover and 10% for white clover. Crimson clover establishment (89%) was greater than white clover (51%), but stands of crimson quickly declined suggesting that it should be reseeded in years with excessive summer rainfall.
Perturbation of chemokine networks by gene deletion alters the reinforcing actions of ethanol

Microarray analysis of human alcoholic brain and cultured cells exposed to ethanol showed significant changes in expression of genes related to immune or inflammatory responses, including chemokines and chemokine receptors. To test the hypothesis that chemokines exhibit previously undiscovered pleiotropic effects important for the behavioral actions of ethanol, we studied mutant mice with deletion of the Ccr2, Ccr5, Ccl2 or Ccl3 genes. Deletion of Ccr2, Ccl2 (females) or Ccl3 in mice resulted in lower preference for alcohol and consumption of lower amounts of alcohol in a two-bottle choice test as compared with wild-type mice. Ethanol treatment (2.5 g/kg, i.p.) induced stronger conditioned taste aversion in Ccr2, Ccl2 or Ccl3 null mutant mice than in controls. Ccr2 and Ccr5 null mutant mice did not differ from wild-type mice in ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR), but mice lacking Ccl2 or Ccl3 showed longer LORR than wild-type mice. There were no differences between mutant strains and wild-type mice in severity of ethanol-induced withdrawal. Genetic mapping of chromosome 11 for the Ccl2 and Ccl3 genes (46.5 and 47.6 cM, respectively) revealed that an alcohol-induced LORR QTL region was contained within the introgressed region derived from 129/SvJ, which may cause some behavioral phenotypes observed in the null mice. On the contrary, known QTLs on Chr 9 are outside of 129/SvJ region in Ccr2 and Ccr5 (71.9 and 72.0 cM, respectively) null mutant mice. These data show that disruption of the chemokine network interferes with motivational effects of alcohol.
Measurements of the viscosities of saturated and compressed liquid chlorodifluoromethane (R22)

Abstract The shear viscosity coefficient of saturated and compressed liquid chlorodifluoromethane (R22) has been measured at 3emperatures between 120 and 320 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa with a torsinal crystal viscometer. The fluidity (reciprocal viscosity) of compressed liquid chlorodifluoromethane (R22) increases linearly with molar volume at fixed temperature and increases weakly with temperature at fixed volume. We have correlated our data with an empirical fluidity-volume equation. The data of others are in good agreement with this equation.
An induction-magnetometer—Principle of operation

A simple form of saturated-core induction-type magnetometer is described and the principle of its operation is briefly discussed. This version of the instrument employs no electronic components. Possibility of its application as a universal instrument for geomagnetic measurements is suggested.
Conformal invariance and the geometrization of the Hoyle-Narlikar mass field

Abstract The Hoyle-Narlikar mass field in the “smooth fluid approximation” is geometrized in the spirit of the Rainich-Misner-Wheeler geometrization of electromagnetism. The geometric equations are derived from an action which is uniquely specified once conformal invariance is imposed.
An EPR Study of a Neutral Manganese Center in NaCl

An EPR study of the MnO-E center below room temperature was made in X-irradiated and F-bleached NaCl. In addition to the isotropic spectrum with g = 2.0018 and A = 19.5 × 10−4 cm−1 at room temperature, the spectrum at low temperature shows fine structures with an axial field of D = 160 × 10−4 cm−1 and 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 symmetries, which were analyzed from the shift of (M8 = 1/2 ⇋ M8 = −1/2) transitions. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine coupling constant shows anomalies. These results were discussed based on the assumption that the center is an off-center. EPR Untersuchungen von MnO-E-Zentren wurden bei Zimmertemperatur in mit Rontgen-strahlen und F-Licht bestrahltem NaCl ausgefuhrt. Neben dem isotropen Spektrum, mit g = 2,0018 und A = 19,5 × 10−4 cm−1 bei Zimmertemperatur, zeigte das Spektrum bei tiefer Temperatur Feinstrukturen mit einem Achsialfeld von D = 160 × 10−4 cm−1 und mit 〈110〉− und 〈111〉-Symmetrien, die mit der Verschiebung des (M8 = 1/2 ⇋ M8 = −1/2) Ubergangs analysiert wird. Die Temperaturabhangigkeit der Hyperfeinstrukturkonstante zeigt cine Anomalie. Dieses Ergebnis wird unter der Annahme, das das Zentrum ein versetztes Mn0-Zentrum ist, diskutiert.
822 PARTIAL TRISOMY 11q SYNDROME: ASSOCIATION WITH MICROPENIS

This 3 mos old boy was found to have a karyotype of 46,XY,-18, +t(11;18)(q23;q23). His mother had a balanced reciprocal trans-location 46,XX,t(11;18)(23;23). He had dysmorphic, low-set ears, asymmetrical facies, epicanthus and high-arched palate. Lips had a “fish-mouth” appearance. There were: widely-spaced nipples, narrow chest, umbilical and bilateral inguinal hernias, micropenis, normal scrotum and generalized hypotonia. Autopsy at age 13 mos showed trigonocephaly, VSD, pulmonary a. stenosis and other cardiac anomalies, and histologically normal testes in canals. Clavicles and other bones were normal by x-ray. There have been 4 males previously described with micropenis and partial trisomy 11q syndrome (Pihko et al. Hum Genet 58:129, 1981). Excluded are trisomies due to t(11;22) which may be a separate syndrome (DeFrance et al. Clin Genet 25:295, 1984). Only one other case has been reported with t(11;18), but the receptor region was 18p rather than 18q, and the 11q breakpoint was much more proximal (q14). Etiology of micropenis in partial trisomy 11q syndrome may be associated with defects in midline brain structures, e.g. corpus callosum (cf. micropenis in septo-optic dysplasia syndrome where septum pellucidum is absent). This study supports the hypothesis that most signs of partial trisomy 11q syndrome are caused by trisomy of regions distal to 11q23.
Robust variational fitting: Gáspár's variational exchange can accurately be treated analytically

Abstract Efficient density-functional calculations require the Kohn–Sham potential be fitted to a linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals form. This approximation is completely consistent with the very high accuracy associated with traditional quantum chemistry provided the approximations are treated variationally, i.e. in a way that is compatible with the variational principle. Robust fits correct the energy through first order in the fitting error, thereby allowing variational determination of the fits as well as the orbitals. Robust variational fitting is reviewed for the Coulomb problem. Robust variational resolution-of-the-identity fitting methods are derived for use in all nondensity-functional ab initio calculations. Robust variational fitting of the interaction between any two charge distributions is derived for density functional calculations. A robust, variational, divide-and-conquer treatment of the Gaspar–Kohn–Sham potential is developed.
Three particle pseudorapidity correlations in STAR

Abstract We present new results from 3-particle pseudorapidity (Δ η ) correlation at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV , measured by the STAR experiment. The charge ordering properties between associated and trigger particles are exploited to separate jet-like and ridge contributions in 3-particle Δ η – Δ η correlations. We found that like-sign triplets are dominated by ridge. The separated ridge, while narrow in Δ ϕ , is extremely broad in Δ η . The results indicate that the correlation of ridge particles are uniform not only with respect to the trigger particle but also between themselves event-by-event in our measured Δ η . In addition, the production of the ridge appears to be uncorrelated to the presence of the narrow jet-like component.
Modulated piezoreflectance in arsenic

Abstract Piezoreflectance has been measured in single crystals of arsenic with light polarized in the basal plane of the crystal for photon energies in the range 1.3–4.6 eV. An assignment of the structure in the spectrum to direct interband transitions has been possible with the help of a comparison of the data with the pseudopotential calculations of the band structure.
A multicenter study of the incidence and factors associated with redo Nissen fundoplication in children.

Abstract Aim The objective of this study was to identify the incidence and factors associated with redo Nissen fundoplication in children. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval (5100277), data for children under 18years of age from two children's hospitals with fundoplication performed between January 1994 and December 2010 were reviewed. Children with one fundoplication were compared to those with redos to identify factors associated with redo. Variables were compared using t-tests for continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Logistic regression evaluated for independence. Results There were 823 patients and 54.7% were male. A redo fundoplication was required in 100 (12.2% of cohort); 82 had 1 redo, 14 had 2 redos, and 4 had 3 redos. Follow-up ranged from 0.01 to 16.9years (median: 2.9years). Factors associated with redo were: younger age at first fundoplication, (p=0.002), hiatal dissection (p Conclusion The incidence of redo fundoplication in children is 12.2%. The risk of redo is significantly increased if patients are younger, have retching, and if the esophageal hiatus is dissected at the first fundoplication.
Sport as a vehicle for socialization and maintenance of cultural identity: International students attending American universities

Abstract Immigrants can utilize sport as a vehicle for maintaining cultural identity. Conversely, sport participation provides immigrants with opportunities for adopting an entirely new culture. Previous research also suggests that sport provides individuals with opportunities for attaining social capital. While this can be a beneficial situation for some individuals, sport is also promoting elitism and serving as a powerful mechanism for exclusion. Globalization has led large numbers of foreign nationals to seek educational opportunities in the United States. Due to the increase in the number of international students and the lack of empirical studies, the need to study their participation in sport is greater than ever. It is critical that sport managers ensure that these students are provided opportunities for socialization and cultural expression through sport. Thus far, there have been no holistic approaches that have examined international students with regards to socialization, cultural identity, and adaptation to multicultural environments through sport. The present study is grounded in sociological theories that are widely recognized. For the purpose of the study, a scale measuring cultural identity and adaptation to multicultural environments was developed based on literature review, exploratory factor analysis, and parallel analysis. The two factors retained; cultural maintenance through sport and adaptation to a multicultural environment through sport, were found to be valid and reliable measures of sport participation behavior among international students in the United States. A MANOVA test revealed that males scored significantly higher on the cultural maintenance through sport factor than females. Practitioners involved in campus recreational sport are encouraged to utilize findings from the current study to enhance their programming efforts for international students. Furthermore, implications for sport managers are discussed with regards to promoting cultural diversity and inclusion.
Low Reynolds number flow due to a rotating finned shaft in a cylinder

A longitudinally finned shaft rotates inside a larger cylinder. At minute Reynolds numbers, the flow is governed by the biharmonic equation with mixed boundary conditions. The stream function is expressed in terms of the complete set of real eigenfunctions in cylindrical coordinates. The series coefficients are partially determined by collocation at the boundary. The flow and the torque are found as a function of the geometric parameters. The method illustrated would be useful for other problems (Stokes flow, plane elasticity, theory of plates) involving the biharmonic equation in cylindrical coordinates.
The Clinical Utility and Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identification of Early and Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Background: Current diagnostic strategies for detection of structural articular cartilage abnormalities, the earliest structural signs of osteoarthritis, often do not capture the condition until it is too far advanced for the most potential benefit of noninvasive interventions.Purpose: To systematically review the literature relative to the following questions: (1) Is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a valid, sensitive, specific, accurate, and reliable instrument to identify knee articular cartilage abnormalities compared with arthroscopy? (2) Is MRI a sensitive tool that can be utilized to identify early cartilage degeneration?Study Design: Systematic review.Methods: A systematic search was performed in November 2010 using PubMed MEDLINE (from 1966), CINAHL (from 1982), SPORTDiscus (from 1985), SCOPUS (from 1996), and EMBASE (from 1974) databases.Results: Fourteen level I and 13 level II studies were identified that met inclusion criteria and provided information related to diagnostic performance of MRI ...
Geological Field Techniques: A Book Review

Coe, A.L., Argles, T.W., Rothery, D.A., and Spicer, R.A. 2010. Geological field techniques. London, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 336.
X-ray powder diffraction study of K2MSiO4, M=Mg, Zn, Co, Cd

The title materials are stuffed cristobalites possessing moderate to extreme pseudosymmetry. On the bases of their X-ray powder diffraction patterns, the Mg, Zn, and Cd compounds had been previously reported as cubic and, more recently, the Zn phase as orthorhombic. Newly measured X-ray powder diffraction data demonstrate that all (including the hitherto unknown Co analog) have the Pca21 structure of Na2BeSiO4 at room temperature, but with a widely variable degree of cubic pseudosymmetry. Observed X-ray diffraction data are in good agreement with those calculated by the Rietveld method using a constrained model with Pca21 M2+/Si site occupancy and pseudocentrosymmetric Pcab atom locations. For the most nearly cubic phase, the Cd compound, there is too little deviation in the pattern from cubic symmetry to support atom coordinate refinement even with the constrained model. In these derivatives of the stuffed cristobalite structure family, M2+ and Si atoms form an ordered tetrahedral array which avoids M2+–O–M2+ connections. Potassium atoms fill all of the intervening large cavity sites.
Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Context.—Aspirin has been widely used to prevent myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke but some studies have suggested it increases risk of hemorrhagic stroke.Objective.—To estimate the risk of hemorrhagic stroke associated with aspirin treatment.Data Sources.—Studies were retrieved using MEDLINE (search terms, aspirin, cerebrovascular disorders, and stroke), bibliographies of the articles retrieved, and the authors' reference files.Study Selection.—All trials published in English-language journals before July 1997 in which participants were randomized to aspirin or a control treatment for at least 1 month and in which the incidence of stroke subtype was reported.Data Extraction.—Information on country of origin, sample size, duration, study design, aspirin dosage, participant characteristics, and outcomes was abstracted independently by 2 authors who used a standardized protocol.Data Synthesis.—Data from 16 trials with 55,462 participants and 108 hemorrhagic stroke cases were analyzed. The mean dosage of aspirin was 273 mg/d and mean duration of treatment was 37 months. Aspirin use was associated with an absolute risk reduction in myocardial infarction of 137 events per 10,000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 107-167; P<.001) and in ischemic stroke, a reduction of 39 events per 10,000 persons (95% CI, 17-61; P<.001). However, aspirin treatment was also associated with an absolute risk increase in hemorrhagic stroke of 12 events per 10,000 persons (95% CI, 5-20; P<.001). This risk did not differ by participant or study design characteristics.Conclusions.—These results indicate that aspirin therapy increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. However, the overall benefit of aspirin use on myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke may outweigh its adverse effects on risk of hemorrhagic stroke in most populations.
Assessment of Image Quality For Large 3-D Seismic Surveys

Assessment of the ability of a particular acquisition geometry to image today’s complex targets requires advanced resolution methods. The proposed method based on Beylkin’s theory, provides a quantitative tool to evaluating the effectiveness of different acquisition designs. Here, we examine how well the flanks of a salt diapir are imaged by using an innovative acquisition geometry that seeks optimal imaging by combining surface and VSP data while satisfying wide azimuth distribution of rays at target points.
Constructing a Poincaré Line with Straightedge and Compass

(2003). Constructing a Poincare Line with Straightedge and Compass. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 362-366.
Microbiological water quality at non-human influenced reference beaches in southern California during wet weather.

Although urban wet weather discharges may have elevated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria impacting water quality at swimming beaches, not all of these bacteria may arise from human sources. In this study, the contribution of non-human fecal indicator bacteria was quantified by sampling coastal reference beaches in southern California. Samples were collected at beaches near stormwater discharges from undeveloped watersheds and analyzed for total coliform, Escherichia coli, and enterococci. Surfzone samples exceeded water quality thresholds >10 times more frequently during wet weather than dry weather. Exceedences were greatest <24 h following rainfall, then steadily declined on successive days. Early season storms exceeded thresholds more frequently, and by greater magnitude, compared to late season storms. Large storms exceeded thresholds more frequently than smaller-sized storms, partly due to the breaching of sand berms. When discharges did reach the surf zone, bacterial concentrations in the wave wash were correlated with watershed bacterial flux.
Chromatin structure of the EGFR gene suggests a role for intron 1 sequences in its regulation in breast cancer cells

The chromatin structure of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) has been analyzed in several human breast cancer cell lines exhibiting a wide range of EGFR expression. Using DNase I, structural differences were identified in the promoter, first exon, and intron 1 of the EGFR gene that correlate with its expression. Specifically, a DNase I hypersensitive site (DH site) around the exon 1/intron 1 boundary occurred preferentially in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines with low levels of EGFR expression, while a group of DH sites in intron 1 were observed in estrogen receptor negative, high EGFR expressors. Additionally, a region in the promoter was sensitive to DNase I in all breast cancer cells expressing EGFR, but showed differences in both the level of nuclease sensitivity and the extent of the area that was susceptible. Fine mapping by native genomic blotting revealed the presence of multiple protein footprints in both the promoter and first intron of the EGFR gene in MDA-MB-468 cells, a breast cancer cell line that overexpresses the EGFR gene. The appearance of DH sites in intron 1 associated with high levels of EGFR expression suggests that these regions of the gene contain potential enhancer elements, while the absence of a DH site at the exon 1/intron 1 boundary when the gene is up-regulated suggests the action of a repressor that may block transcriptional elongation.
Offset averaging in flash and folding A/D converters using second-order active resistive networks

A novel approach to average the random offsets in flash and folding A/D converters is introduced. The proposed method uses second-order active resistive networks and, compared to previously reported methods employing passive resistive grids, a better offset reduction is achieved without sacrificing the signal gain. Both behavioural and transistor-level simulation results confirm the performance of the proposed technique.
Effect of local annular interventions on annular and left ventricular geometry.

Objective: Etiology-specific annular interventions and annuloplasty rings are now commercially available for the treatment of different types of mitral regurgitation; however, knowledge concerning the effects of local annular alterations on annular and left ventricular (LV) geometry is limited. Methods: Seven adult sheep underwent implantation of eight radiopaque markers around the mitral annulus (MA) and eight markers on the LV (four each on two levels: basal and apical), and one on each papillary muscle tip. Trans-annular septal-lateral (SL) sutures were placed between the corresponding markers on the septal and lateral annulus at valve center (CENT) and near anterior (ACOM) and posterior (PCOM) commissures and externalized. Hemodynamic parameters and 4D marker coordinates were measured before and during SL annular cinching (‘SLAC’; suture tightening 3—5 mm for 20 s) at each suture location. Mitral annular SL diameter, annular area (MAA), and distance from the midseptal annulus to the LV markers and papillary muscle tips were determined from marker coordinates every 17 ms. Results: End-systolic MAA decreased from 5.93 1.27 to 5.23 1.29 * cm 2 , 5.98 1.16 to 5.33 1.31 * cm 2 , and 6.30 1.65 to 5.61 1.37 * cm 2 for SLACACOM, SLACCENT, and SLACPCOM, respectively ( * p < 0.05 vs pre-cinching). Each SLAC intervention reduced the SL diameter at all three locations, while both SLACACOM and SLACCENTaffected ventricular geometry, and SLACPCOM only slightly altered valvular—subvalvular distance. Only SLACCENTaltered papillary muscle position. Conclusions: Local annular SL reduction influences remote annular SL dimensions and affects LV geometry. The effect of local annular interventions on global annular geometry and LV remodeling should be considered in surgical or interventional approaches to mitral regurgitation and the design of new annular prostheses as well as supra-annular and sub-annular catheter interventions. # 2008 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.