cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon storage implications of active management in mature Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of western Oregon

Abstract Mature stands, mid-successional communities in which large live trees are the dominant structural feature, are a major component of forested landscapes across North America. Despite this prominence at regional scales, mature stands have rarely been the focus of research on forest carbon dynamics. We utilized an observational study design to (i) examine the medium-term impact of active management on carbon storage in live and dead vegetation in mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)–dominated stands in western Oregon, and (ii) provide baseline estimates of total non-soil carbon storage during the mature phase of stand development for this forest type. Stands aged 106–193 years at the time of sampling were selected to represent a gradient in harvest intensity, from passive (reserve-based) management, to low-intensity (commercial thinning) and high-intensity (regeneration harvest with structural retention) active management. Active management treatments were implemented following the onset of maturity in stands with no prior management history, and sampling was conducted an average of 38 years and 22 years following treatment (mean for thinned and retention harvest conditions, respectively). Total non-soil carbon storage was significantly greater in stands managed using a reserve-based approach (mean of 575 Mg C ha−1) than those subject to retention harvest (mean 257 Mg C ha−1) 17 to –34 years previously, but was not different from stands managed over extended rotations with commercial thinning (mean 546 Mg C ha−1). A similar trend was evident for carbon storage in live overstory trees, which were also the dominant component of total non-soil carbon in all management conditions. Dead wood pools varied greatly among stands, but estimates did not indicate any systematic differences in carbon storage in dead wood between management conditions. Our results suggest that shifting from passive management to a high-intensity harvest regime in mature Douglas-fir stands will entail substantial reductions in carbon storage. By contrast, managing stands over extended rotations with light thinning may enable the provision of wood products while maintaining relatively high carbon storage in the forest ecosystem. In absolute terms, mean carbon storage across our full sample of unmanaged, low-intensity and high-intensity harvest conditions exceeded previously reported values from inventories of mature plots across a similarly broad range of site conditions, but remains below the potential upper bounds to carbon storage in Douglas-fir-dominated forests. However, total aboveground carbon stocks in excess of 700 Mg ha−1 in individual mature stands in our dataset implies that, under certain conditions, forest biomass approaches its maximum by the close of the mature phase of stand development in Douglas-fir-dominated forests.
Quality Improvement in Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: Outcome Improvement Through Data Review

Esophagectomy is a complex operation in which outcomes are profoundly influenced by operative experience and volume. We report the effects of experience and innovation on outcomes in minimally invasive esophagectomy. Esophageal resections for cancer from 2007 to 2016 at Levine Cancer Institute at Carolinas Medical Center (Charlotte, NC) were reviewed. During this time, three changes in technique were made to improve outcomes: vascular evaluation of the gastric conduit to improve anastomotic healing (beginning at case #63), one-stage approach to permit access to abdomen and chest through one draped surgical field (case #82), and adoption of a lung-protective anesthetic protocol (case #101). Mortality, operative time, complications, and length of stay were analyzed relative to these interventions using GLM regression. 200 patients underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy. There were no mortalities at 30 days, and no change in mortality rate at 60 and 90 days. Anastomotic leak decreased significantly after the introduction of intraoperative vascular evaluation of the gastric conduit (3.6 vs 19.4%). Operative time decreased with adoption of a one-stage approach (416 vs 536 min). Pulmonary complications decreased coincident with a change in anesthetic technique (pneumonia 6 vs 28%). Lymph node harvest increased over time. Length of stay was driven primarily by complications and decreased with operative experience. Postoperative complications, operative time, and length of stay decreased with case experience and alterations in surgical and anesthetic technique. We believe that adoption of the techniques and technology described herein can reduce complications, reduce hospital stay, and improve patient outcomes.
Radiologist Adoption of Interactive Multimedia Reporting Technology.

Abstract Purpose To determine if radiologists find enough value in available interactive multimedia reporting technology to routinely adopt it into clinical practice. Materials and Methods Our institution’s reporting application (Vue Reporting, Carestream Health) allows the incorporation of multimedia elements, including active hyperlinks, into clinical reports, but would radiologists find enough value in this technique to change their practice? We retrospectively reviewed 559,841 diagnostic reports issued July 2016 to February 2018 for the presence of text hyperlinks that interactively connect to imaging findings in the PACS. Results were subdivided by modality, reporting radiologist role (ie, resident, fellow, attending physician), and subspecialty. Average percentages over the final 6 months were chosen to represent established adoption rates. Results For each modality, the 6-month average percentages of reports containing hyperlinks to imaging findings subdivided by the role of the radiologist who created the report were found to be as follows: CT: residents = 27.6%, fellows = 19.5%, attending physicians = 26.0%; MRI: residents = 26.6%, fellows = 8.7%, attending physicians = 5.1%; and PET/CT: residents = 53.3%, fellows = 46.7%, attending physicians = 19.4%. Rates were 0% to 4% among ultrasound, radiography, and nuclear medicine reports, regardless of radiologist role. The 6-month average percentages of CT and MRI reports with hyperlinks to imaging findings varied by subspecialty from 5.4% to 57.1%. Conclusion Our radiologists found enough value in available interactive multimedia reporting technology to adopt it into their clinical practice, commonly inserting hyperlinks into their CT, PET/CT, and MRI reports to create interactive connections to key imaging findings in the PACS.
The Local Struggle for Cool

This chapter explores the transactional, contrastive character of ethnic youth identity in the local struggle for scarce resources. Formative boundary interactions expose status competition and conflict with youth others reflecting the major social divisions in the city notably ethnicity, race, and class. Guido is transacted as ethnic stigma enlisted to exclude outer borough Italian American youth in a stratified urban clubbing scene. On the other hand, self-identifying as Guido is an ethnic strategy for Italian American youth as they “jockey for power” (Thornton 1995) within local style markets. The ordered segmentation of local urban space is thrown into relief in a relationship with Black youth that is complicated by a coveted youth style. The chapter draws heavily on an ethnography of a “discursive” online scene where scarce material and nonmaterial rewards are grounded in offline urban “formations”.
Differential Expression of the Genes Encoding the Keratins of Cultured Human Epidermal Cells

The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium, where the innermost (basal) epidermal layer is the only layer that has the ability to proliferate. Under an as yet unidentified trigger of differentiation, a basal cell will cease to divide, and subsequently, it begins to migrate toward the skin surface. The cells enter the spinous layer and increase steadily in size (Rowden, 1975; Yardley and Goldstein, 1976) as they continue to be active biosynthetically (Fukuyama et al., 1965; Fukuyama and Epstein, 1968). The spinous cells accelerate their synthesis of keratins, the proteins that comprise a major part of the protective cytoskeletal architecture of epidermal cells. These filaments assume a more orderly structure as they loop in and out of the numerous desmosomes that keep the spinous cells in close contact with one another. In the granular layer, the cells are only briefly anabolic (Hoober and Berstein, 1966) and soon enter a destructive phase in which the cytoplasmic organelles, including the nucleus, are lost (Lavker and Matoltsy, 1970). With the aid of a glycine-serine rich basic protein, fillagrin, the keratin filaments aggregate into macrofibrils and are hence resistant to the massive proteolysis that takes place in the granular layer (Dale et al., 1978). As the cells reach the outer (stratum corneum) layer, a proteinaceous envelope cross-linked by γ-glutamyl lysine bonds is deposited beneath the plasma membrane, creating a sacculus to contain the bundles of keratin filaments (Rice and Green, 1977; Watt and Green, 1981; Simon and Green, 1984).
Extent of Surgery for Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, survival remains unchanged. Due to concern for overtreatment, surgical management of thyroid cancer has evolved. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma measuring 1 cm or smaller are considered very low risk and can be managed with either thyroid lobectomy or active surveillance. Total thyroidectomy is no longer recommended for these cancers unless there is evidence of metastasis, local invasion, or aggressive disease. Recommendations for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer measuring 1 cm to 4 cm remain controversial. This article explores the controversies over the extent of surgery for patients with very low-risk and low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms reveal additional genetic heterogeneity within the Leptasterias hexactis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) species complex

Sea stars of the Leptasterias hexactis complex are important members of the rocky intertidal community of the temperate and subarctic North American Pacific coasts. Recent attempts to determine the genetic structure and taxonomic relationships of these sea stars have not been completely successful, due to the combination of extreme morphological variability and relative scarcity of taxonomically-informative genetic (allozyme) polymorphisms. The present study used mitochondrial DNA restriction-site polymorphisms for PCR (polymerase chain-reaction)-amplified products to provide additional information about this complex. Five restriction-site haplotypes were identified in southern Alaska and in the Puget Sound region that were allozymically distinct. Because the allozymic differences (Nei's unbiased genetic differences >0.08) are maintained in sympatry, the haplotypes behave evolutionarily as conventional species. Although most haplotypes show deficiencies of heterozygotes for polymorphic allozyme loci, there is no evidence for the existence of cryptic species within any of the haplotypes. Rather than consisting of a few polytypic and cosmopolitan species, the L. hexactis complex is apparently composed of numerous species with more restricted ranges. Determining the exact ranges and taxonomic relationships of the various species will require additional study.
RNA UNWINDING PROTEINS: MECHANISM OF ACTION AND APPARENT CELLULAR LOCATION

ABSTRACT The renaturation of inactive yeast tRNA Leu by the calf thymus unwinding protein “UP 1” is shown to proceed through formation of a protein-RNA complex, which, in the presence of Mg, dissociates with concommitant renaturation of the RNA. The inhibition of this renaturation by single stranded poly- and oligonucleotides indicates that the action of UP 1 is a consequence of its affinity for single-stranded segments of the tRNA, with an optimal length of ∼9 nucleotides. UP 1 is not found in calf thymus nuclei isolated in sucrose solution; and the cytoplasmic supernatant contains UP 1 in an amount comparable to that found in whole thymus cells. Crude calf thymus chromatin contains a protein that has the same mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels as UP 1 (19, 000 daltons), but greater mobility on acetic acid-urea gels. This protein has some effectiveness in renaturing tRNA, but differs from UP 1 in several other respects.
Countermeasures and experiences of schistosomiasis control work under new situation of Shengzhou City

OBJECTIVE To summarize the experience of Oncomelania hupensis snail control work and explore more effective snail control strategy under the new situation. METHODS The data of former snail control work and strategies were collected and analyzed in Shengzhou City from 1995 to 2015. RESULTS The snail area was effectively compressed in recent years, and it was decreased by 46.61% and 26.50% in 2014 and 2015 respectively compared with that in the last year. CONCLUSIONS To consolidate the snail control achievements, the government should pay more attention to the schistosomiasis control work and establish a targeted effective long-term strategy.
Changes of arch form at the end of orthodontic treatment, based on the Ricketts pentamorphic arch forms.

Introduction Maintenance of the intercanine and intermolar distances reduces the risk of relapse and increases the chance of stability; these values represent the limits of the arch, resulting from the muscular balance of each patient. The ideal would be to reproduce the patient's arch form individually. The Ricketts pentamorphic arch forms allow the clinician to choose among 5 shapes, the one that best fits the patient's arch form. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment without extraction according to the pentamorphic arch forms on mandibular arches of different forms. Methods Fifty patients were included in the study. For each patient, the pretreatment and end-of-treatment models were scanned by 3Shape Trios (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and transferred to the OrthoAnalyzer software (3Shape) version 2017-11.7.1.3 for measurements and superimpositions. The following measurements were made on the mandibular arches for both initial and final digital models: arch depth; intercanine distance, the distance between the first premolars, the distance between the second premolars, the distance between the first molars, and the distance between the second molars. Three superimpositions were made: superimposition between the initial arch and the corresponding form of the pentamorphic arch forms, superimposition between the final arch and the corresponding form of the pentamorphic arch forms, and superimposition between the initial arch and the final arch. The largest difference between the superimposed arches in each region was measured. Results This study showed that intercanine distance (P = 0.236), the distance between the first premolars (P = 0.074), and the distance between the first molars (P = 0.616) did not significantly change after orthodontic treatment. In contrast, the distance between the second molars (P = 0.028) and the arch depth (P Conclusions This study has shown that the pentamorphic arch forms maintained the arch shape in the sagittal and transverse directions, except for an expansion of the distance between the mandibular second molars.
JA:2021-5. From Mold to Mental Health - Creation of an Agricultural Flood Disaster Recovery Toolkit

Purpose: In March 2019, devastating floods hit the Midwest. Farming communities were especially hard hit. In addition to the loss of homes and buildings, in Nebraska alone there were an estimated $...
David Harrison: a career in the anthropology of tourism and the sociology of development

This paper analyses the career of the sociologist/social anthropologist of tourism David Harrison. An important figure in tourism studies across disciplinary boundaries and regional specialisation, Harrison went from academic appointments in Britain to the University of the South Pacific in Fiji and back to Britain again, conducting field studies in the Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and Asia and the Pacific. He engaged in and anticipated theoretical debates in the anthropology of tourism and the sociology of development, publishing key books, articles, and book chapters. In this paper, Harrison discusses the main theoretical position he came to take up. This entailed a political economy position that simultaneously considered the interaction of world economic and political systems with local systems of behaviour and meaning, yet based on empirical first-hand research, all with a kind of fundamental skepticism of foregone conclusions offered by pre-approved orthodox theories. The paper provides detailed information on Harrison's early life and unconventional path to the profession, his theoretical influences and directions, and his career trajectory.
Orbital apex syndrome due to invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient.

Abstract Infection is a rare cause of orbital apex syndrome (OAS) and most commonly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of OAS in an elderly immunocompetent female due to invasive aspergillosis and Staphylococcus aureus co-infection. The patient required both surgical debridement and prolonged courses of antibiotic and antifungal therapy. Invasive fungal disease must be considered in cases of OAS, even in patients without classic risk factors.
Sustaining Cultural Beliefs in the Face of Their Violation: The Case of Gender Stereotypes.

One of the primary functions of culture is to solve the problem of what is male and what is female (Shweder, 1982). A culture’s solution to this problem is enshrined in beliefs about the attributes that characterize men and women-so-called gender stereotypes. As a central feature of culture, gender stereotypes hold considerable intrinsic interest for students of cultural psychology. In addition, they provide a useful lens through which to examine broader questions about the psychological processes that underlie the perpetuation and revision of cultural beliefs.
Multiuser cooperative transmission through superposition modulation based on braid coding

This paper investigates a cooperative transmission scheme for a multi-source single-destination system through signal-superposition-based braid coding. The source nodes take turns to transmit, and each time, a source “overlays” its new data together with (some or all of) what it overhears from its partner(s) using signal superposition, in a way similar to French-braiding the hair. We demonstrate how the resultant braid coding can be effectively employed in M-to-1 data collection networks to achieve progressive cooperation. We analyze two subclasses of braid coding, the nonregenerative and the regenerative cases, and, using the pairwise error probability (PEP) as a figure of merit, derive the optimal weight parameters theoretically for each class. For the regenerative case, a modified Viterbi maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator is proposed, whose complexity is linear to the message length. We compute the (Euclidean) free distance, and identify the memory size that strikes the best balance between performance and complexity. The proposed cooperative framework based on braid coding is general and subsumes several previous superposition modulation-based cooperative schemes as its special case. Simulations confirm the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
Breaking bad IMRT QA practice

Agreement between planned and delivered dose distributions for patient-specific quality assurance in routine clinical practice is predominantly assessed utilizing the gamma index method. Several reports, however, fundamentally question current IMRT QA practice due to poor sensitivity and specificity of the standard gamma index implementation. An alternative is to employ dose volume histogram (DVH)-based metrics. An analysis based on the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 recommendations for QA of treatment planning systems reveals deficiencies in the current “state of the art” IMRT QA, no matter which metric is selected. The set of IMRT benchmark plans were planned, delivered, and analyzed by following guidance of the AAPM TG 119 report. The recommended point dose and planar dose measurements were obtained using a PinPoint ionization chamber, EDR2 radiographic film, and a 2D ionization chamber array. Gamma index criteria {3% (global), 3 mm} and {3% (local), 3 mm} were used to assess the agreement between calculated and delivered planar dose distributions. Next, the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 recommendations were followed by dividing dose distributions into four distinct regions: the high-dose (HD) or umbra region, the high-gradient (HG) or penumbra region, the medium-dose (MD) region, and the low-dose (LD) region. A different gamma passing criteria was defined for each region, i.e., a “divide and conquer” (D&C) gamma method was utilized. The D&C gamma analysis was subsequently tested on 50 datasets of previously treated patients. Measured point dose and planar dose distributions compared favorably with TG 119 benchmark data. For all complex tests, the percentage of points passing the conventional {3% (global), 3 mm} gamma criteria was 97.2% ± 3.2% and 95.7% ± 1.2% for film and 2D ionization chamber array, respectively. By dividing 2D ionization chamber array dose measurements into regions and applying 3mm isodose point distance and variable local point dose difference criteria of 7%, 15%, 25%, and 40% for HD, HG, MD, and LD regions, respectively, a 93.4% ± 2.3% gamma passing rate was obtained. Identical criteria applied using the D&C gamma technique on 50 clinical treatment plans resulted in a 97.9% ± 2.3% gamma passing score. Based on the TG 119 standard, meeting or exceeding the benchmark results would indicate an exemplary IMRT QA program. In contrast to TG 119 analysis, a different scrutiny on the same set of data, which follows the AAPM TG 53 and ESTRO booklet No.7 guidelines, reveals a much poorer agreement between calculated and measured dose distributions with large local point dose differences within different dose regions. This observation may challenge the conventional wisdom that an IMRT QA program is producing acceptable results.
The trading profits of SOES bandits1

Abstract SOES bandits are individual investors who use Nasdaq's Small Order Execution System (SOES) for day trading. Their average profit per trade is small, but they trade dozens or hundreds of times per week. Bandits usually establish a position before most market-makers have updated their quotes, and lay off the position at favorable prices through Instinet or SelectNet. It is noteworthy that they trade profitably with market-makers despite having less information. Bandits keep the profits and bear the losses from their trades. Thus they have greater incentives to trade well than the employees of market-making firms.
Soundness and Completeness of UNITY Logic

UNITY is a formalism for specifying, designing, and verifying concurrent programs. It consists of a notation for writing programs and a logic for reasoning about them. We study the questions of soundness and completeness of UNITY logic, in which the so-called Substitution Axiom plays a crucial role. The Substitution Axiom for UNITY Logic lifts Leibniz's rule for substitution of equals to the level of UNITY properties (temporal modalities). Because of its informal nature, it has been a major source of confusion and misunderstanding. It turns out that omitting the Substitution Axiom, however, renders UNITY Logic incomplete. To cope with this dilemma we postulate a simple axiom, called the Completeness Rule, to replace the Substitution Axiom, and show that UNITY Logic plus the Completeness Rule is sound and relatively complete (in the sense of Cook). Our proof reduces the soundness and completeness of the UNITY proof system to a known soundness and completeness result of a fragment of Linear Time Temporal Logic. Finally, we show that from a practical point of view old and new logic are essentially the same.
La brecha económica entre los modelos teóricos y su aplicación en la frontera méxico-norteamericana

Este articulo tomara brevemente en consideracion el modelo teorico "multiplicador de las ciudades gemelas" que describe la interdependencia proveniente del intercambio economico entre regiones fronterizas contiguas y demuestra como factores economicos, endogenos y exogenos a la frontera afectan ambas regiones. Este modelo sirve para conceptualizar y describir la naturaleza interdependiente de las relaciones economicas en las regiones contiguas, y si son aplicados, podrian ser utiles para predecir variaciones en las dos economias. Sin embargo, la aplicacion de dichos modelos para predecir cambios en la actividad economica, requieren una cantidad considerable de datos muy costosos tanto en tiempo cono en dinero, ademas de que deben ser actualizados para que sean validos.
Alternative fuel adoption

Conversion from a widely-used automotive fuel to an alternative fuel can be seen as the coevolution of two systems: a societal system of vehicle owners and a supply infrastructure that will provide the alternative fuel. We present a cultural algorithms model that allows us to assess the impact that initial alternative fuel station distribution and cultural motivation have on alternative fuel adoption, and the role that mass media may play in that adoption.
Transduction of Lactose Metabolism in Streptococcus lactis C2

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced phage lysates, from lactose-positive (lac+) Streptococcus lactis C2, transduced lactose fermenting ability to lac− recipient cells of this organism. Although the phage titer could not be determined due to the absence of an appropriate indicator strain, the number of transductants was proportional to the amount of phage lysate added. Treatment of the lysate with deoxyribonuclease had no effect on this conversion, indicating the observed genetic change was not mediated by free deoxyribonucleic acid. When the lac+ transductants were isolated and exposed to UV irradiation, lysates with higher transducing ability were obtained. The transducing ability of this lysate was about 100-fold higher than that observed in the original lysates. The lac+ transductants were unstable since lac− segregants occurred at high frequency. The phage lysate from S. lactis C2 also transduced maltose and mannose metabolism to the respective negative recipient cells. The results demonstrate the transduction of carbohydrate markers by a streptococcal phage and establish a genetic transfer system in group N streptococci.
Predation on Animals

The word predator often invokes a vision of a fierce and cruel animal the world would be better without. However, predation is a major ecological process controlling both the structure and function of communities. Predation affects the distribution and abundance of species, the strength and direction of energy flow within a system and the diversity and composition of communities. Predators play an essential role in evolution. Traits that decrease the likelihood of being predated and traits that increase the efficacy of the predating are under strong selection. This process has resulted in a vast array of prey defences and predator counter-defences. Also, according to recent studies of the fossil record, predation has played a central role in determining the history of life on earth. Thus, predators are not to be viewed as cold-blooded killers; instead, predation is a critical process for maintaining species diversity in both ecological and evolutionary time. Key Concepts Predators are animals which actively catch and consume other animals. Predators may be limited in the type of prey they consume; these limitations may be extrinsic, due to factors such as prey abundance, or they may be intrinsic, where the predators’ physiological, reproductive or ecological requirements result in specialization on certain types of prey. Predation is a crucial ecological force because it moves energy through the system. Mathematical models and empirical research illustrate how predators and their prey coexist and should cycle through time. Prey species evolve defences that reduce their vulnerability to predators whereas predators evolve adaptations to counter the defences of the prey. Predator–prey interactions structured ancient, fossil ecosystems and played a role in determining the history of life on earth. Keywords: population dynamics; community dynamics; prey defence; predator counter defence; predator–prey interactions; coevolution
Activated Microvessels Express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Integrin αvβ3 During Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and integrin alpha(v)beta3 play roles in angiogenesis. In noncerebral vascular systems, VEGF can induce endothelial integrin alpha(v)beta3 expression. However, it is unknown whether VEGF, like integrin alpha(v)beta3, appears in the initial response of microvessels to focal brain ischemia. Their coordinate expression in microvessels of the basal ganglia after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the nonhuman primate model was examined quantitatively. Cells incorporating deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP+) by the polymerase I reaction at 1 hour (n = 3), 2 hours (n = 3), and 7 days (n = 4) after MCAO defined the ischemic core (Ic) and peripheral regions. Both VEGF and integrin alpha(v)beta3 were expressed by activated noncapillary (7.5- to 30.0-microm diameter) microvessels in the Ic region at 1 and 2 hours after MCAO. At 7 days after MCAO, the number of VEGF+, integrin alpha(v)beta3+, or proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive microvessels had decreased within the Ic region. The expressions of VEGF, integrin alpha(v)beta3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were highly correlated on the same microvessels using hierarchical log-linear statistical models. Also, VEGF and subunit alpha(v) messenger ribonucleic acids were coexpressed on selected microvessels. Here, noncapillary microvessels are activated specifically early during a focal cerebral ischemic insult and rapidly express VEGF and integrin alpha(v)beta3 together.
An Asynchronous Floating-Point Multiplier

We present the details of our energy-efficient asynchronous floating-point multiplier (FPM). We discuss design trade-offs of various multiplier implementations. A higher radix array multiplier design with operand-dependent carry-propagation adder and low handshake overhead pipeline design is presented, which yields significant energy savings while preserving the average throughput. Our FPM also includes a hardware implementation of denormal and underflow cases. When compared against a custom synchronous FPM design, our asynchronous FPM consumes 3X less energy per operation while operating at 2.3X higher throughput. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed design of a high-performance asynchronous IEEE-754 compliant double-precision floating-point multiplier.
Proceedings of the 34th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education

Welcome to Reno and the Thirty-fourth Annual Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education! Over the years, SIGCSE Symposia have become known for their level of energy, excitement, diversity, and collegiality; and your participation contributes to the richness of this event. Thank you so much for coming and sharing!A particular welcome goes to newcomers! In addition to attending the exciting range of papers, panels, special sessions, and other activities, I encourage you to introduce yourselves to those you meet (at the reception, during a lunch or break, in a nearby seat during a session, etc.). SIGCSE is often described as an extended family, and conference attendees want to get to know you.And welcome back to past attendees! As you renew old friendships, remember also to greet our newcomers. With so many activities packed into a short time, first-timers and students may appreciate your helpful guidance to work through their many exciting options.A conference the size of SIGCSE 2003 occurs only through the efforts of a very large number of people. Thanks to all those who contributed session proposals and paper submissions, those involved in reviewing, and those on the SIGCSE 2003 Committee. Special thanks to Symposium Chair, Scott Grissom, and Program Co-chairs, Daniel Joyce and Deborah Knox, for their wonderful leadership and efforts in putting all of the pieces together. Also, particular thanks to Robert Beck, Symposium Site Coordinator, who since 1997 has continued to work with ACM in identifying potential locations for SIGCSE symposia and monitoring the many details of contracting.While this annual Symposium is the largest SIGCSE conference, SIGCSE also is actively involved in several others each year. Our next SIGCSE-sponsored conference is the Eighth Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2003), to be held June 30-July 2, 2003 at the University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece. Other cooperating conferences are listed though a link from the "conferences" section of www.sigcse.org.
Use of the Pyramid Model for supporting preschool refugees

Response to intervention is being applied to early childhood settings for the support of positive behavioural and social development through the Pyramid Model [Fox, L., Carta, J., Strain, P.S., Dunlap, G., & Hemmeter, M.L. (2010). Response to intervention and the pyramid model. Infants and Young Children, 23(1), 3–13]. This qualitative study assessed the use of the Pyramid Model for preschool-aged refugee children living in a refugee resettlement community. Many young refugee children have experienced trauma [George, M. (2010). A theoretical understanding of refugee trauma. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38, 379–387], and some experience behavioural and social challenges [Almqvist, K., & Brandell-Forsberg, M. (1997). Refugee children in Sweden: Post-traumatic stress disorder in Iranian preschool children exposed to organized violence. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(4), 351–366]. Twenty-five preschool service providers were interviewed about their use of the Pyramid Model for the support of preschool refugee s...
Nonenzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid by extracts of tangerine rag.

Tangerine extracts consumed oxygen when incubated with linoleic acid. Most of the oxygen consumption was associated with the supernatant of a 76% ethanol cut. Boiling the extracts for 5 min reduced oxygen consumption by only 50%. Ultrafiltration caused a decline (80%) in oxygen consumption. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (7 mM) reduced the rate of oxygen consumption in the reaction mixture. Cyanide (1 mM) completely inhibited the rate of oxygen consumption. The major lipid oxidation activity of tangering rag appears to be catalyzed by metals present in the extracts and is not enzymatic.
The bioinorganic chemistry of iron in oxygenases and supramolecular assemblies

The bioinorganic chemistry of iron is central to life processes. Organisms must recruit iron from their environment, control iron storage and trafficking within cells, assemble the complex, iron-containing redox cofactors of metalloproteins, and manage a myriad of biochemical transformations by those enzymes. The coordination chemistry and the variable oxidation states of iron provide the essential mechanistic machinery of this metabolism. Our current understanding of several aspects of the chemistry of iron in biology are discussed with an emphasis on the oxygen activation and transfer reactions mediated by heme and nonheme iron proteins and the interactions of amphiphilic iron siderophores with lipid membranes.
Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Cardiology: Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical Practice (Part II) Recommendations for Antithrombotic Therapy

The adverse consequences of thrombosis are per haps nowhere more evident than in clinical cardiology. Throm bosis and hemostasis are primary issues in the management of patients with atrial fibrill...
Discussion of “Transpiration‐and evaporation‐losses from areas of native vegetation”

Experiments made in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta on consumptive use of water by aquatic growths have yielded results that are not inconsistent with those reported by Mr. Taylor from his experiments in southern California. The delta experiments included also non-crop growths not strictly aquatic, although some of them may be designated as water-loving plants. The tank-method was used in the determinations, the conditions being those described by Mr. Taylor as calling for this method. The soil-surface in 15,000 tanks would amount to one acre.
Scheduling of serial multiproduct batch processes via simulated annealing

Abstract We present an in-depth study of the simulated annealing approach to the scheduling of serial multiproduct batch processes under the assumption of a permutation schedule. Four versions of the simulated annealing algorithm are studied based on two move acceptance criteria, the Metropolis algorithm and the Glauber algorithm, and two annealing schedules, the exponential schedule and the Aarts and van Laarhoven schedule. Makespan minimization is performed for unlimited intermediate storage (UIS), no intermediate storage (NIS), zero wait (ZW), finite intermediate storage (FIS) and mixed intermediate storage (MIS) flowshop problems using simulated annealing and also the idle matrix search (IMS) heuristic. Of the four versions of the simulated annealing algorithm studied, the Metropolis algorithm with the Aarts and van Laarhoven annealing schedule is found to give the best results, with all four versions giving significantly better results than the IMS heuristic. The Metropolis algorithm with the Aarts and van Laarhoven annealing schedule is studied in more detail for further comparison with the IMS heuristic in terms of the computational effort expended by the simulated annealing algorithm and the solution quality obtained.
Effect of microstructure on spontaneous polarization in amorphous solid water films

Amorphous solid water (ASW) films grown by vapor deposition below 110 K develop negative surface voltages Vs with respect to the substrate. This polarization is due to a partial alignment of the water molecules during condensation. Kelvin probe measurements show that the magnitude of the surface potential, |Vs|, increases linearly with film thickness at a rate that decreases with increasing deposition temperature. |Vs| decreases with increasing deposition temperature and increasing incidence angle of the vapor source. After film growth, |Vs| decreases irreversibly by 80% when the ice film is heated to ∼30 K above the deposition temperature. The measurements of |Vs| as a function of film porosity indicate that polarization in ASW is governed by incompletely coordinated water molecules, dangling with unbalanced dipoles at the internal surface of the pores and weakly aligned by the anisotropic film-vacuum interface. This idea is supported by the strikingly similar behavior of |Vs| and the infrared absorption due to the most pliable, two-coordinated surface molecules with annealing temperature.
Effects of Viral Exposure of the Two-Cell Mouse Embryo on Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation In Vitro

Effects of Viral Exposure of the Two-Cell Mouse Embryo on Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation In Vitro
Decreased collagenase production by regional fibroblasts cultured from skin of a patient with connective tissue nevi of the collagen type.

A 10-yr-old female presented with cerebriform tumors covering the plantar surfaces of both feet. Histologically, the lesions consisted of thick collagen fibers and the content of collagen per surface area of skin was increased about 8-fold. Examination of the collagen by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, after limited pepsin proteolysis, showed that the lesions consisted almost exclusively of type I collagen, the predominant collagen type in human skin. Thus, a diagnosis of connective tissue nevi of the collagen type was made. Fibroblast cultures were established from the affected and normal-appearing areas of the skin, and examined for the rate of collagen synthesis, production of collagenase and growth kinetics of the cells. Cell cultures derived from the lesion and from control skin synthesized procollagen at the same rate and in a normal type I/type III procollagen ratio. However, the production of enzymatically active and immunologically detectable collagenase was reduced by 70-82% in the cultures derived from the lesion as compared to controls ( p p
Precocene II modifies maternal responsiveness in the burrower bug, Sehirus cinctus (Heteroptera)

. The anti-Juvenile Hormone agent precocene II was used to investigate the relationship of corpora allata activity to subsocial behaviour in a burrower bug Sehirus cinctus Palisot (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Egg-brooding females treated with a range of dosages of precocene II exhibited reliably depressed maternal defensive behaviour when treated with at least 70 μg of precocene II, but attraction to eggs was only depressed at higher dosages. This effect was not due to precocene II toxicity, as demonstrated by the prevention of depression effects through simultaneous treatments of precocene II and the Juvenile Hormone analogue methoprene. Methoprene, however, failed to reinstate maternal responsiveness in maternally depressed females that had been previously treated with precocene II. This study provides the first clear evidence that insect parental behaviour can be modified by treatment with anti-Juvenile Hormone agents, and suggests that the role of the corpora allata in governing care in S. cinctus is different from that of other maternal insects, such as earwigs.
Functional amyloid formation within mammalian tissue

Amyloid is a generally insoluble, fibrous cross-β sheet protein aggregate. The process of amyloidogenesis is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington disease. We report the discovery of an unprecedented functional mammalian amyloid structure generated by the protein Pmel17. This discovery demonstrates that amyloid is a fundamental nonpathological protein fold utilized by organisms from bacteria to humans. We have found that Pmel17 amyloid templates and accelerates the covalent polymerization of reactive small molecules into melanin—a critically important biopolymer that protects against a broad range of cytotoxic insults including UV and oxidative damage. Pmel17 amyloid also appears to play a role in mitigating the toxicity associated with melanin formation by sequestering and minimizing diffusion of highly reactive, toxic melanin precursors out of the melanosome. Intracellular Pmel17 amyloidogenesis is carefully orchestrated by the secretory pathway, utilizing membrane sequestration and proteolytic steps to protect the cell from amyloid and amyloidogenic intermediates that can be toxic. While functional and pathological amyloid share similar structural features, critical differences in packaging and kinetics of assembly enable the usage of Pmel17 amyloid for normal function. The discovery of native Pmel17 amyloid in mammals provides key insight into the molecular basis of both melanin formation and amyloid pathology, and demonstrates that native amyloid (amyloidin) may be an ancient, evolutionarily conserved protein quaternary structure underpinning diverse pathways contributing to normal cell and tissue physiology.
Comparative effects of sciatic nerve stimulation, blood pressure, and morphine on the activity of A5 and A6 pontine noradrenergic neurons.

The changes in the firing rate of A5 and A6 (locus coeruleus, LC) noradrenergic neurons induced by sciatic nerve stimulation, norepinephrine-induced elevations of blood pressure (BP) and systemic administration of morphine were studied in rats anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and ventilated. Stimulation of the contralateral sciatic nerve with single shocks of low intensity (0.2 ms, 0.5 mA) produced a strong excitation of LC neurons with a latency of 14-18 ms. By contrast, shocks of similar intensities were ineffective in driving A5 cells. Higher stimulus intensities produced a low efficacy driving of A5 cells with a very long latency (120-250 ms). The efficacy of the stimulation could be increased by delivering trains of 4-8 stimuli but the latency remained very long. Norepinephrine-induced elevation of arterial pressure (140-160 mm Hg range) silenced the vast majority of A5 neurons. By contrast, the effects of blood pressure on locus coeruleus cells were of small amplitude, poorly reproducible and their time course was generally not correlated with the blood pressure alterations. Finally, the administration of 5 mg/kg of morphine i.v. silenced virtually all LC neurons while the majority of A5 cells were excited by the drug. These results provide evidence for the existence of a differential innervation of the two groups of pontine noradrenergic neurons investigated.
Taking attention to task : P300, task response probability, and within-category deviation detection

Previously, we reported enhanced P3 amplitudes to between-category deviations among high and low probability events. Here, we tested the effects of a within-category difference. Subjects performed a go/no-go button press task as they viewed repeated, randomly-ordered presentations of nine double-digit numbers. Eight numbers fell within a prescribed range (42-49, standards); prior to testing, subjects selected one standard number for later recall. A ninth, out-of-range (91, deviant) number was also included. Subjects were tested under two conditions, in which they responded either to one (low response probability) or to seven (high response probability) standard nonselected numbers, designated as targets. Relatively larger P3s were consistently apparent only when the deviant nontarget was associated with a low probability response to a nontarget. There was a selective effect of nontarget response probability on P3 amplitude to the deviant nontarget. Our results indicate that within-category deviation detection is facilitated by "controlled" attention to the structure of the stimulus field.
1049 ANGIOTENSIN-I-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) ACTIVITY IN TERM AND PRETERM INFANTS

ACE is a carboxypeptidase whose activity includes conversion of angiotensin I to II and inactivation of bradykinin. The elevated ACE reported in infants with idiopathic respiratory distress (IRD) may reflect pulmonary immaturity. To evaluate the role of ACE on pulmonary vascular maturity, serum ACE levels were measured in cord and peripheral blood samples in 21 term and 21 preterm infants. ACE was measured spectrophotometrically using hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as substrate. Cord ACE activity(units/ml)was significantly higher(p<0.005)in preterm(26.82±1.35 SE) than term infants(18.98 ± 1.43). There was a significant correlation between gestational age and cord ACE, best described as a parabola. From 27-34 wks, ACE activity decreased slowly; after 35 wks, a rapid decline in ACE was noted. ACE activity in peripheral blood during the first 24 hrs was also higher in preterm than term infants but values were similar among preterm infants, maternal and adult controls. Cord ACE in preterm infants who developed IRD(27.71 ± 1.89) was similar to preterms who remained healthy(26.27 ± 1.90). Cord ACE levels may not be used to predict the infant who will develop IRD. However, cord ACE may serve as an additional marker for pulmonary ontogenesis.