cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Rising Inequality Explain Aggregate Trends in Marriage? Evidence from U.S. States, 1977-2005

We investigate the hypothesis that rising wage inequality caused declines in the U.S. aggregate marriage hazard since 1970. Despite confirming previous findings that inequality accounts for much of the decline among young adults before 1990, we find that the aggregate marriage hazard became much less sensitive to inequality thereafter. Our explanation for the weakened relationship relies on the theoretical prediction, which we verify empirically, that inequality influences marital decisions of young singles much more than those of older singles. The aggregate marriage hazard thus became less responsive to inequality over this period because the unmarried population became older.
Anti-DNA Antibodies and Virus-like Structures in the Renal Disease of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Four patients, two males and two females, ages 12–16 years, with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to have active renal disease. All had reduced serum complement (C′) and high levels of antibodies to DNA, as measured by the radioactive DNA ammonium-sulfate precipitation method. With improvement in clinical condition and renal funcion, all four patients showed a significant rise in serum C′ levels and reduction in antibodies to DNA. In three cases these changes occured with the institution of therapy was tapered. A renal biopsy from the most-recently-studied patient who had not received prior corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy was examined by electron microscopy. Myxovirus-like structures, similar to those described recently in SLE, were observed in capillary endothelial cells. These studies corroboratc evidence for the possible role of immune complexes involving nucleic acids in the pathogenesis of SLE nephritis, and support the possibility for the presence of a viral agent in untreated disease.
The ABCs of Asthma Control

The new asthma guidelines have introduced impairment and risk assessments into the management of asthma. Impairment assessment is based on symptom frequency and pulmonary function, whereas risk assessment is based on exacerbation frequency and severity. These 2 measures determine the initial severity of asthma in the untreated patient as well as the degree of control in asthma once treatment has been initiated. The focus on asthma control is important because the attainment of control correlates with a better quality of life and reduction in health care use. We describe 4 easy steps to achieving asthma control in the ambulatory practice setting: (1) a standardized assessment of asthma symptoms using a 5-question assessment tool called the Asthma Control Test, (2) a simple mnemonic that provides a systematic review of the comorbidities and clinical variables that contribute to uncontrolled asthma, (3) directed patient education, and (4) a schedule for ongoing care. Most if not all patients can achieve good control of their asthma with optimal care through an active partnership with their health care professionals.
Optimal admission to reader-writer systems with no queueing

We consider a reader-writer system with no queueing. An unlimited number of readers can be processed in parallel, whereas writers are processed one at a time. Both readers and writers arrive according to independent Poisson processes and request iid service times. Every admitted customer generates a revenue and a holding cost. We derive optimal stationary admission policies that depend only on the number of readers and writers, to maximize the total expected discounted net profit, and the long-run net profit rate.
The physiology of endothelial xanthine oxidase: from urate catabolism to reperfusion injury to inflammatory signal transduction.

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a ubiquitous metalloflavoprotein that appears in two interconvertible yet functionally distinct forms: xanthine dehydrogenase (XD), which is constitutively expressed in vivo; and xanthine oxidase (XO), which is generated by the posttranslational modification of XD, either through the reversible, incremental thiol oxidation of sulfhydryl residues on XD or the irreversible proteolytic cleavage of a segment of XD, which occurs at low oxygen tension and in the presence of several proinflammatory mediators. Functionally, both XD and XO catalyze the oxidation of purines to urate. However, whereas XD requires NAD+as an electron acceptor for these redox reactions, thereby generating the stable product NADH, XO is unable to use NAD+as an electron acceptor, requiring instead the reduction of molecular oxygen for this purine oxidation and generating the highly reactive superoxide free radical. Nearly 100 years of study has documented the physiologic role of XD in urate catabolism. Ho...
Biaxial orientation of polypropylene by hydrostatic solid state extrusion. Part III: Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms

The deformation of biaxially oriented polypropylene sheet produced by the BeXor process has been examined in terms of the hierarchical solid state structure described previously. The mechanical properties have been examined over a range of temperatures and strain rates. The anisotropic nature of uniaxial tensile deformation was analyzed from simultaneous measurements of longitudinal extension and lateral contraction in the width and thickness directions, by determining the shape of uniaxially deformed spherulites, and by examining fracture surfaces in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was determined that deformation proceeds by elastic extension of the amorphous network and plastic shear deformation of the crystalline regions in the plane of the sheet, and in the thickness dimension, by voiding with induced fibrillation. It is suggested that the property improvements, particularly at low temperatures and high strain rates, which are achieved by the BeXor process, result from changes in the hierarchical structure at the size scale of the crystalline lamellae. Specifically it appears that the small crystalline blocks formed by breakup and recrystallization of lamellae are more easily deformed than the original large coherent lamellae.
The computer attitude scale

Abstract The Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) was created to measure positive and negative attitudes toward computers. Data collected from multiple groups of subjects indicated that both the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity (short-term predictive, concurrent and construct) of the CAS were adequate. Indications of possible sex and age differences in attitudes towards computers were also found.
Transition between Stationary and Moving High-Field Domains in CdS in a Range of N-Shaped Negative Differential Conductivity due to Field-Quenching

In CdS, unstable moving domains are observed, which exist in a current-voltage range between the range for stationary electrode-adjacent domains and the range for transitions to undeformed moving domains. These current–voltage ranges have been investigated in the same crystal by changing the electron concentration at the boundary of a pseudocathode. Several CdS crystals, differently doped with Ag, Al, and Cu, have been investigated. An electro-optical method using the Franz-Keldysh effect was employed for domain observation. The influence of the distance between the electrodes on domain formation is discussed. In CdS werden nichtstabile, wandernde Domanen beobachtet, die in einem Strom-Spannungs-Bereich existieren, der zwischen dem Bereich der stationaren, an der Elektrode anliegenden Domanen und dem Ubergangsbereich zu undeformierten, wandernden Domanen liegt. Diese Strom-Spannungs-Bereiche wurden in demselben Kristall durch Anderung der Elektronenkonzentration an der Grenzschicht einer Pseudokathode untersucht. Verschiedene CdS-Kristalle, die unterschiedlich mit Ag, Al und Cu dotiert waren, wurden untersucht. Eine elektro-optische Methode, die den Franz-Keldysh-Effekt ausnutzt, wurde fur die Beobachtung der Domanen verwendet. Der Einflus des Elektrodenabstandes auf die Domanenausbildung wird diskutiert.
Occipital lobe seizures as the major clinical manifestation of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Summary: Purpose: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is an increasingly recognized brain disorder most commonly associated with malignant hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, or the use of immunosuppressive agents. When associated with acute hypertension, RPLS typically occurs concurrently with the fulminant clinical syndrome of hypertensive encephalopathy. We describe occipital lobe seizures, in the setting of only moderate elevations of blood pressure, as the major clinical manifestation of RPLS. Methods: Two patients from the Dent Neurologic Institute are presented with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) correlation. Results: New onset secondarily generalized occipital seizures were noted, with MRI findings consistent with RPLS. Both of the patients had chronic renal failure and a moderate acute exacerbation of chronic hypertension. Other features of hypertensive encephalopathy were lacking, such as headache, nausea, papilledema, and an altered sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed edematous lesions primarily involving the posterior supratentorial white matter and corticomedullary junction, consistent with RPLS. With lowered blood pressure, the MRI lesions resolved and the patients became seizure-free without requiring chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Conclusions: Occipital seizures may represent the only major neurologic manifestation of RPLS due to acute hypertension, especially in patients with renal failure. Other evidence of hypertensive encephalopathy, such as cerebral signs and symptoms, need not be present. Blood pressure elevations may be only moderate. Early recognition of this readily treatable cause of occipital seizures may obviate the need for extensive, invasive investigations. Despite the impressive lesions on MRI, prompt treatment of this disorder carries a favorable prognosis.
Decline of the Razorback Sucker in Lake Mohave, Colorado River, Arizona and Nevada

Abstract The razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus is an endangered fish endemic to the Colorado River basin in the western United States. Once widely distributed and common throughout the basin, the species has been eliminated from most of its former range by establishment of nonnative fishes and water development, and remaining numbers have dwindled precipitously from historical levels. Although Lake Mohave, Arizona and Nevada, supports the largest and genetically most diverse remaining population, razorback sucker abundance in the lake plummeted from historical numbers in the hundreds of thousands to only 44,000 in 1991 and fewer than 3,000 in 2001. This population is limited primarily to large, old adults because predation on their larvae by nonnative fishes has precluded measurable recruitment for nearly half a century. At the current rate of decline, extirpation is anticipated within this decade because, at this time, there is no practicable method to remove the continuing threat of nonnative predators...
Thermodynamic behavior of a Penrose-tiling quasicrystal

The Penrose tiling provides a prototype for the quasiperiodic crystal model of quasicrystals. We report results of Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional model in which a Penrose tiling is the ground state. A single energy is assigned to any violation of the Penrose matching rules. Our results support the existence of two separate phase transitions, corresponding to single- and double-arrow matching-rule disorder, respectively. Manifestations of these transitions in the behavior of ``perpendicular-space'' quantities are explored. A limited exploration of the effects of unequal double- and single-arrow matching-rule-violation energies is performed. Speculations that the Penrose pattern might be inherently prone to glassy behavior are shown to be incorrect.
Knot Theory and Statistical Mechanics

This paper gives a self-contained exposition of the basic structure of quantum link invariants as state summations for a vacuum-vacuum scattering amplitude. Models of Vaughan Jones are expressed in this context. A simple proof is given that an important subset of these invariants are built from Vassiliev invariants of finite type.
Autoradiography with Polaroid Film

Summary Informative autoradiograms can be obtained by applying Polaroid photographic films to tissue slices from patients given radionuclides for diagnosis or treatment. However, conventional X-ray films are more sensitive for this purpose, and are preferred if facilities are available.
Utility of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements in peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Abstract The use of transcutaneous oxygen tension (TCpO 2 ) measurements to objectively and noninvasively diagnose peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and to aid in the planning of vascular surgery was investigated. Thirty-two normal subjects and 100 patients with PAOD were studied. TCpO 2 values decreased with age; when normalized by measurements on the chest, they did not. Absolute and normalized values of TCpO 2 were equally effective in identifying the presence of PAOD and accurately characterized different degrees of severity (claudication vs. rest pain vs. impending gangrene; p 2 ≥38 mm Hg either preoperatively or after reconstruction; failure to heal in the absence of infection was associated with TCpO 2 ≤38 mm Hg. The need for revascularization was associated with TCpO 2 2 values was associated with success vs. failure of ulcer healing. TCpO 2 is a useful complement to standard hemodynamic tests in the diagnosis and management of PAOD and, in addition, provides some distinct advantages. (J VASC SURG 1984;1:362-71.)
An optimization approach for material-constant determination for the endochronic constitutive model

An optimization approach for material-constant determination is developed and demonstrated for the endochronic constitutive model in this study. This model is rearranged so that it describes the plastic, viscoplastic and viscoelastic behavior in one simple form. Material constants for 304 stainless steel, alpha-titanium and viscoelastic elastomer Wingfoot@ are determined using this approach. Reduction of the general constitutive model and detailed formulation of the optimization problem for each specific case are given. Accurate optimization results giving good description of the material behavior are obtained. Superiority of the optimization approach over the trial-and-error method is discussed.
IS THERE AN EPIDEMIC OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS IN THE U.S.A.

Abstract In the past 10 yr the reported incidence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) has increased more than two-fold in two American birth-defects surveillance systems—the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program and the nationwide Birth Defects Monitoring Program. To test the hypothesis that this increase was caused by improved clinical diagnosis, resulting in the diagnosis of minor VSDs, we conducted a follow-up investigation of infants with VSD in the Atlanta area. We compared the rate of spontaneous closure by 1 yr of age of VSDs diagnosed during 1970-72 with the closure rate during 1975-76. If the recently increased incidence was caused entirely by better diagnosis of minor defects that are likely to close spontaneously, we would have expected a much higher rate of spontaneous closure in the later period. In fact, the rate of spontaneous closure by 1 yr was almost identical for both periods (23·8% and 23·9%). The considerable recent increase in the reported incidence of VSD cannot be simply due to better diagnosis.
Estrogen receptor blockade with tamoxifen diminishes growth hormone secretion in boys: evidence for a stimulatory role of endogenous estrogens during male adolescence

The increase in GH production during the male adolescent growth spurt has been attributed to both androgen and estrogen receptor-mediated processes. To evaluate the role of endogenous estrogens in the control of GH secretion, we administered the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen to 10 late pubertal males. Blood samples were obtained for GH determination at 10-min intervals on 2 occasions during the last 24 h of a 4-day course of either tamoxifen or placebo. Waveform-specific, multiple parameter deconvolution analysis was employed to assess GH secretory and elimination dynamics. Estrogen receptor blockade resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) diminution in mean 24-h serum GH concentrations, from 3.9 +/- 1.0 (placebo; mean +/- SEM) to 2.7 +/- 0.6 micrograms/L (tamoxifen). This was associated with a significant (P < 0.01) decline in the GH production rate [237 +/- 55 vs. 155 +/- 33 micrograms/L GH distribution volume (Lv).24 h]. Furthermore, this reduction in GH secretion was the result of significant de...
Long-term assessment of an autonomous wireless structural health monitoring system at the new Carquinez Suspension Bridge

A dense network of sensors installed in a bridge can continuously generate response data from which the health and condition of the bridge can be analyzed. This approach to structural health monitoring the efforts associated with periodic bridge inspections and can provide timely insight to regions of the bridge suspected of degradation or damage. Nevertheless, the deployment of fine sensor grids on large-scale structures is not feasible using wired monitoring systems because of the rapidly increasing installation labor and costs required. Moreover, the enormous size of raw sensor data, if not translated into meaningful forms of information, can paralyze the bridge manager's decision making. This paper reports the development of a large-scale wireless structural monitoring system for long-span bridges; the system is entirely wireless which renders it low-cost and easy to install. Unlike central tethered data acquisition systems where data processing occurs in the central server, the distributed network of wireless sensors supports data processing. In-network data processing reduces raw data streams into actionable information of immediate value to the bridge manager. The proposed wireless monitoring system has been deployed on the New Carquinez Suspension Bridge in California. Current efforts on the bridge site include: 1) long-term assessment of a dense wireless sensor network; 2) implementation of a sustainable power management solution using solar power; 3) performance evaluation of an internet-enabled cyber-environment; 4) system identification of the bridge; and 5) the development of data mining tools. A hierarchical cyber-environment supports peer-to-peer communication between wireless sensors deployed on the bridge and allows for the connection between sensors and remote database systems via the internet. At the remote server, model calibration and damage detection analyses that employ a reduced-order finite element bridge model are implemented.
Signal processing with neural networks-I. Signal in noise

Summary form only given, as follows. Radar signal processing with multilayered perceptrons was investigated. Networks with no hidden layer and a single hidden layer were tested extensively on millimeter wave target returns which had been corrupted with Gaussian noise at a signal to noise level of 3 dB. Performance as a function of network-architecture was characterized. >
Evaluation of the use of the Hopfield neural network model as a nearest-neighbor algorithm.

Neural network models are receiving increasing attention because of their collective computational capabilities. We evaluate the use of the Hopfield neural network model in optically determining the nearest-neighbor of a binary bipolar test vector from a set of binary bipolar reference vectors. The use of the Hopfield model is compared with that of a direct technique called direct storage nearest-neighbor that accomplishes the task of nearest-neighbor determination.
Decomposition of cortisol-4-14C to 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione-4-14C

Abstract Cortisol-4- 14 C in aqueous or methanolic solution decomposed at 23° to products of lesser and higher polarity. Light accelerated the breakdown. Storage of cortisol-4- 14 C in methanoi at −85°C in the dark resulted in similarly altered material. The main decomposition product was identified as 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione by paper chromatography in four solvent systems; by CrO 3 oxidation to androst-4-ene-3, 11, 17-trione (adrenosterone) and its identification in three different chromatographic systems; and by co-crystallization with authentic 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione to constant specific activity.
Size Matters Are Physically Large People More Likely to be Violent

A number of studies suggest that physical size is associated with violent behavior. However, few, if any, studies have examined this relationship using population-based samples. Moreover, limited evidence exists on the relationship between physical size and violence with respect to gender, race/ethnicity, and exposure to childhood maltreatment. The present study, using data from Waves I and II (N = 34,653) of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), aims to address these gaps by comparing the prevalence of violent behavior among individuals in the top quintiles in height and weight with that of the general population. Significant associations were identified for both males and females between physical size and bullying/intimidation, intentional injury of other persons, and hitting someone so hard that they required medical attention. Stratified analyses revealed that the magnitude of the relationship between physical size and violence is greater among Hispanics than am...
A hypothesis for the etiology of interstitial cystitis based upon inhibition of bladder epithelial repair

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disease characterized by distinct bladder mucosal abnormalities, for which the etiology is unknown. Although the epidemiology of this disorder is similar to that of bacterial cystitis, prospective studies using sensitive culture techniques and polymerase chain reaction assay for a variety of microorganisms have failed to identify a specific infectious etiology for IC. We have identified a low-molecular-weight peptide in the urine of IC patients that inhibits the proliferation of normal bladder epithelial cells in vitro. We therefore propose a model of IC, in which this peptide inhibits bladder epithelial regeneration following damage (such as that caused by bacterial cystitis). The chronically damaged epithelium is prone to colonization with various microorganisms, and the resulting exposure to these microorganisms, other urinary antigens, and/or damaged epithelial cells prompts the low-level inflammatory response commonly seen in this disorder.
Nonstatistical Theory of Multiple Vacancy Production in Atomic Collisions

Till now interpretation of x-ray satellite data has been limited to the use of models in which the emissions of electrons are treated as statistically independent. This assumption leads to a product of binomial distributions, one for each shell. However, even in the independent Fermi particle model of the target atom, collision theory predicts that the holes are correlated. At a given impact parameter the independent-Fermi-particle probability for producing several holes in a given shell can be written as a term containing only probabilities for the individual vacancies, which reduces for "average holes" to the binomial distribution, plus a correlation term which involves interference among amplitudes for the single-electron transitions. Expressions for the general case are given. To evaluate such expressions, one needs calculations in which the single-electron amplitudes are obtained with consistent relative phases. These have now begun by employing coupled-channels theory.
Molecular Basis of Bunyavirus Transmission by Mosquitoes: Role of the Middle-Sized RNA Segment

In an examination of the molecular basis of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes., La Crosse (LAC), snowshoe hare (SSH), and LAC-SSH reassortant viruses were compared in their ability to be transmitted to laboratory mice by the natural mosquito vector of LAC virus, Aedes triseriatus. Both LAC virus and the reassortment viruses containing the middle-sized (M) segment from the LAC parent were efficiently transmitted. In contrast, SSH virus and reassortment viruses containing the M RNA from the SSH parent were inefficiently transmitted. Thus, the M RNA segment, which codes for the virion glycoproteins, may be a major determinant of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes.
Work in progress - Utah’s engineering initiative

In response to a shortage of engineers in Utah an interdisciplinary team at the University of Utah developed an outreach program intended to increase the number of students recruited into the College of Engineering and who complete engineering degrees. An innovative mix of service learning, outreach, and peer mentoring comprises the program. Recruitment efforts include outreach, integration with teachers and public relations. In outreach, college students work with high school teachers and engineering faculty to prepare and present engineering-based teaching modules that meet requirements of the state core science curriculum. Education and public relations materials aimed at students, parents, teachers, and counselors also contribute to outreach. Retention efforts include academic advising, tutoring, peer mentoring, and service learning. Retention programs are based on college student retention research, and focus on engaging students both academically and socially. This paper reports on the first year of the initiative, including the creation of outreach teams and the development of high school teaching. We also discuss how participation in the outreach team impacted current students.
Structural Stability for Ill-Posed Problems in Banach Space

We prove Holder-continuous dependence results for the difference between solutions of certain ill-posed and approximate well-posed problems in both Hilbert and Banach spaces. We use operator-theoretic methods, including C-semigroups, to treat the abstract Cauchy problem $\frac{du}{dt} = Au, u(0) = \chi, 0 \leq t < T,$ where the operator $-A$ is the infinitesimal generator of a holomorphic semigroup.
Dilepton production by neutrinos in neon

We present preliminary results on dilepton production in the 15-ft bubble chamber filled with heavy neon exposed to a wideband neutrino beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The results are preliminary in the sense that more events of this type will be accumulated as the analysis of the present exposure progresses, and further exposures at Fermilab, intended to triple our data sample, are planned in the near future. The numbers presented in this report are our best numbers at the time of writing (October 1976), which are about twice those actually presented at the conference in Aachen.
Acentricity and phase transitions for some AM2X6 compounds

Abstract Phases of the type AM2X6 with a pyrochlore related structure were studied by x-ray diffraction, DSC, and second harmonic techniques and in one case by Tl205 NMR. Although these phases are ideally centric and cubic, several were found to be acentric. Two, TlNbWO6 and RbNbWO6 were found to be noncubic, but transitions to higher symmetry were observed for both phases above room temperature.
The ribosomes of Plasmodium berghei: isolation and ribosomal ribonucleic acid analysis.

Ribosomes and high molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) from the blood stages of Plasmodium berghei parasites were studied in preparations free from host ribosome contamination. Purified malarial ribosomes were isolated in high yield from a population of ultrastructurally intact, viable parasites by hypertonic lysis with Triton X-100 and differential centrifugation. These ribosomes were shown to be derived from active polysomes and could be dissociated into subunits by puromycin–0·5 m KCl treatment. Malarial rRNA extracted from purified 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits was characterized by electrophoretic, sedimentation and base ratio analyses. Like certain other protozoa, the P. berghei 40S ribosomal subunit possessed an exceptionally large RNA species (mol. wt 0·9 × 106), while RNA isolated from the parasite's 60S subunit (mol. wt 1·5 × 106) was specifically ‘nicked’ to produce one large component (mol.wt 1·2 × 106) and one small component (mol.wt 0·3 × 106) in equimolar quantities. These rRNA's migrate identically on polyacrylamide gels after heating to 63°C for 5 mm or under denaturing conditions in the presence of formamide, indicating an absence of aggregation and non-specific degradation of the rRNA species. Base composition studies showed P. berghei rRNA to be low in guanosine and cytosine content, as is the case for protozoa generally.
High-efficiency ligation and recombination of DNA fragments by vertebrate cells

DNA-mediated gene transfer (transfection) is used to introduce specific genes into vertebrate cells. Events soon after transfection were quantitatively analyzed by determining the infectivity of the DNA from an avian retrovirus and of mixtures of subgenomic fragments of this DNA. The limiting step of transfection with two DNA molecules is the uptake by a single cell of both DNA's in a biologically active state. Transfected cells mediate ligation and recombination of physically unlinked DNA's at nearly 100 percent efficiency.
Selective Expression of Myosin IC Isoform A in Mouse and Human Cell Lines and Mouse Prostate Cancer Tissues

Myosin IC is a single headed member of the myosin superfamily. We recently identified a novel isoform and showed that the MYOIC gene in mammalian cells encodes three isoforms (isoforms A, B, and C). Furthermore, we demonstrated that myosin IC isoform A but not isoform B exhibits a tissue specific expression pattern. In this study, we extended our analysis of myosin IC isoform expression patterns by analyzing the protein and mRNA expression in various mammalian cell lines and in various prostate specimens and tumor tissues from the transgenic mouse prostate (TRAMP) model by immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, and by indirect immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded prostate specimen. Analysis of a panel of mammalian cell lines showed an increased mRNA and protein expression of specifically myosin IC isoform A in a panel of human and mouse prostate cancer cell lines but not in non-cancer prostate or other (non-prostate-) cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that myosin IC isoform A expression is significantly increased in TRAMP mouse prostate samples with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions and in distant site metastases in lung and liver when compared to matched normal tissues. Our observations demonstrate specific changes in the expression of myosin IC isoform A that are concurrent with the occurrence of prostate cancer in the TRAMP mouse prostate cancer model that closely mimics clinical prostate cancer. These data suggest that elevated levels of myosin IC isoform A may be a potential marker for the detection of prostate cancer.
Apolipoprotein E and obstructive sleep apnea: evaluating whether a candidate gene explains a linkage peak.

Evidence from both linkage analyses and association-based analyses has implicated Apoliprotein E (ApoE) as a disease susceptibility locus for obstructive sleep apnea. To further assess the putative role of ApoE in sleep apnea, we performed genotyping, association, and linkage analyses in a cohort assembled to investigate the genetic epidemiology of sleep apnea. Among a subset of the Caucasian families, ten microsatellites, spanning 20 cM, were genotyped in a region near ApoE on chromosome 19 where previous suggestive linkage had been demonstrated using a 9.1-cM genome-wide scan. Haseman-Elston regression analysis, conducted with these fine mapping markers (n=196 sibling pairs, 56 families), showed evidence for linkage to marker AFM210yg9 (p=0.00034), which was increased over that observed with the original scan. ApoE genotyping also was performed on a larger set of data (n=1,211 from 271 families, ages 3–85 years) from the cohort with available DNA. To determine whether the ApoE genotype explains the linkage peak, we included the ApoE genotype as a covariate in regression models. Inclusion of ApoE E2 allele as a covariate reduced the regression coefficient by 18%, suggesting that ApoE does not substantively explain the linkage signal. Finally, we repeated an association-based analysis in the larger sample of 1,211 individuals, and observed a higher prevalence of sleep apnea among individuals with the ApoE E2 allele. Overall, the evidence suggests that there is a disease susceptibility locus for obstructive sleep apnea in the region of ApoE, but ApoE itself is unlikely to be the causative locus. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RoleModel: towards a formal model of dramatic roles for story generation

RoleModel is a novel story generator organized around explicit formal models of character roles. RoleModel expands the expressiveness of stories generated from arbitrary partial domain specification by using a formal model of roles within an abductive logic programming framework. Authorial goals in the system can be fully or partially specified as constraints in an abductive logic program. In particular, the RoleModel system focuses on representing and satisfying role constraints of the story characters. This paper discusses the basic architecture for the RoleModel approach, demonstrates example output from the system through three use-cases, discusses the authorial expressiveness enabled by a "stageless" abductive logic approach to story generation, and proposes the current and future directions.
Analysis of Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells

A new analytical and numerical method is presented for modeling and analysis of cylindrical shells stiffened by circumferential rings. This method treats the shell and ring stiffeners as individual structural components, and considers the ring eccentricity with respect to the shell middle surface. Through use of the distributed transfer functions of the structural components, various static and dynamic problems of stiffened shells are systematically formulated. With this transfer function formulation, the static and dynamic response, natural frequencies and mode shapes, and buckling loads of general stiffened cylindrical shells under arbitrary external excitations and boundary conditions can be determined in exact and closed form. The proposed method is illustrated on a Donnell-Mushtari shell, and compared with finite element method and two other modeling techniques.
Leadership Theories for Principals.

(1981). Leadership theories for principals. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 20, Leadership for the Twenty-first Century, pp. 260-263.
(Na+-K+)-ATPase and opsin in retinas of RCS dystrophic rats: time course study

Retinas of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rats were investigated immunocytochemically for the distribution of the membranebound enzyme (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and the photopigment opsin prior to and during the retinal disease process. Retinas of 11 day-old dystrophic and control long Evans rats showed (Na+ + K+)-ATPase immnunostain most dense in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL). Also, in these retinas, immunostaining for opsin was dense along rod inner segments (RIS) and on plasmalemma of CNL cell bodies and several cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer (INL). In retinas of control rats at 30 days and later, less dense (Na+ + K+)-ATPase immunostain was detected in the CNL than at 11 days and opsin-immunostained ROS were also detected. However, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase immunostained RIS were shorter in retinas of 30 day-old dystrophic than in retinas of age-matched control rats and an opsin-immunostained debris zone was also observed in dystrophic retinas. In retinas of 60 day-...
Threshold sugar concentrations in snowden potatoes during storage

The suitability of potatoes for processing into potato chips is dependent on chip color, and internal and external defects. Concentrations of reducing sugars, and more specifically glucose, have been used as a quantitative indicator of acceptability of potato for chipping. The research reported here investigated the correlation between sugar concentrations and chip color, and the variability of sugar concentrations between samples and sample locations. Three potato storage research bins, each with an independent air handling and control system, were located inside of commercial potato storage bins. Snowden potatoes were harvested in the fall of 1992 and stored at different temperatures in the bins through late March, 1993. The potatoes were sampled bi-weekly during the storage period, and the samples were analyzed for sugar concentrations (sucrose and glucose) using a YSI model 2700 sugar analyzer.1 The results indicated that a Snowden potato sample with a glucose concentration less than 0.0075%2 (fresh weight basis) will have a 90% probability of having an acceptable Snack Food Association color score of 1.5 or lower. Lower numbers indicate whiter chips which are generally preferred by chip producers. Similarly, a sample with a glucose concentration of 0.01% will have a 90% probability of having a color of 2 or lower. Based on tubers sampled from four heights within the storage bins, samples from the top of a potato bin will provide a representative sample as long as recommended storage procedures are followed, and potato pulp temperatures are similar throughout the storage.
Techniques of natural carbon‐14 determination

The techniques which are in use at the Lamont Geological Observatory for the preparation and counting of the carbon-14 in natural carbon-bearing samples are described in detail. The first phase of the process includes preparation of pure carbon dioxide by burning or hydrolysis, the reduction to carbon with hot magnesium, and the extraction of the product to remove all substances except the carbon. The yield is generally 90 pct of the carbon in the original sample with an ash content of about one per cent. The carbon samples are mounted in a stainless-steel cylinder and counted against a background cylinder of stainless steel in a modified Libby screen-wall-type counter with an active counting length of eight inches and a diameter of three inches. This counter is surrounded with 30- by 2-inch cosmic-ray counters which are used in anticoincidence. The entire assembly is placed in a large shield with eight-inch thick iron walls. The electronic unit contains two regulated high-voltage supplies, drag-in voltage, monitor selector switch, anticoincidence analyzer, scale of four, and register. This arrangement has provided background as low as 2.5 counts per minute with normal operation ranging from four to six counts per minute. The efficiency of the screen-wall counter is about five per cent. With three days of counting, this arrangement can measure samples up to 25,000 years old for wood and 30,000 years for shells. Application of this quantitative method of age determination to a wide variety of samples of geological interest is in process.
Formation of neuromuscular junctions in adult rats: accumulation of acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholinesterase, and components of synaptic basal lamina.

Abstract We describe the appearance and accumulation of four specialized molecular components of the adult neuromuscular junction during ectopic endplate formation in adult rat soleus muscles. One component, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), is a major constituent of the postsynaptic muscle membrane. The other three, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and two extracellular synapse-specific antigens, are associated, at least in part, with the basal lamina in the synaptic cleft. The accumulation of each component was studied by immunocytochemistry. In addition, the accumulation of AChRs was measured by autoradiography after reaction with 125 I-α-bungarotoxin, and AChE was examined by histochemistry and by sedimentation analysis. Endplate formation was initiated by cutting the original nerve to a muscle in which a foreign nerve had been previously implanted. Within 2 days, clusters of AChRs appeared in the new endplate zone. The density of AChRs in these clusters increased from 1 × 10 4 sites/μm 2 to nearly the final value of 2 × 10 4 sites/μm 2 by 4 days. The cluster continued to grow in size and receptor number over the next month. AChE was not detected on the surface of the muscle fiber until after 1 week, when it was present at some, but not all ectopic endplates. Its appearance coincided with a rapid accumulation of the endplate-specific, 16 S form of AChE (A 12 ) in the portion of the muscle containing new endplates. By 2 weeks virtually all endplates stained for AChE and by 1 month both immunochemical and histochemical staining resembled that of normal adult endplates. The synapse-specific basal lamina antigens that we studied were detected at some endplates by Day 6, and their further appearance followed a time course similar to, or slightly ahead of, that of AChE. Thus maturation of the synaptic basal lamina occurs after the AChRs have formed clusters and achieved nearly their final density.
Drug Testing in the Neonate

Drug testing in newborns comes with analytical, therapeutic, and legal issues, and interpretation of results may be left to physicians, nurses, or social services workers. The unique analytical and legal caveats pose a variety of challenges and therapeutic issues. Positive drug screening results can allow for proper medical management of withdrawal symptoms for certain drug classes. Legal implications and involvement of social services for assessment of child safety surround positive urine or meconium drug samples. Because laboratory results can potentially remove newborns from their biological parents, the caveats and limitations of drug testing in this population are of utmost importance.
Towards Development and Characterization of Ionic Junction via Microcontact Printing

The paper presents an evaluation of the feasibility of developing ionic surfactant coated single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) (P-N) junction clusters via microcontact printing using intrinsic semi conducting SWCNTs. These SWCNTs are doped with anionic and cationic surfactant molecules respectively, thereby altering the Fermi energy levels of and its electrical properties. Two types of surfactants were used for doping the SWCNTs to develop extrinsically doped P and N type SWCNTs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) having Na+ positive ionic charge (anions) and Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), having Br- negative ionic charge (cations) on its hydrophilic ends have been used to generate anionic SWCNTs (P type) and cationic SWCNTs( N- type respectively. Using, dual level patterning process, these extrinsically doped anionic and cationic semiconducting SWCNTs clusters are alternatively symmetrically patterned in a parallel array to form crossbar P-N junctions onto a standard microfabricated platform using flexible polymeric poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps. Ink-based transfer of the nanomaterial from the relief structures achieves parallel alignment of SWCNTs clusters. The electrical device characterization is achieved by measuring I-V characteristics from the base micro fabricated platform. Functionality of the nanodevice is demonstrated by studying the rectifying current – voltage (I-V) characteristics that shows promise towards the formation of a junction diode array, which can be used for integrating complex logic devices for high-end applications such as memory module and addressable logic. Lastly, we believe that the chemical modulation method and microcontact printing techniques will have a wide scope for development of nanomaterial-based devices.
The modification of onsets in a markedness relationship : Testing the interlanguage structural conformity hypothesis

This chapter reports the findings of a study investigating the possible influence of typological universals on the structuring of a second language phonology. Specifically, the study examines the frequency of modification of 2-member and 3-member onsets, the latter being more marked than the former (Greenberg, 1978). Though some evidence exists that longer onsets are modified more frequently than are shorter onsets (Anderson, 1987), the current study controls for a possible confounding factor—whether or not the onsets abide by the Universal Canonical Syllable Structure (UCSS). The UCSS states in part that the nucleus is the most sonorant constituent in a syllable and that segments comprising an onset will rise continuously in sonority from the most peripheral member through the nucleus (Cairns & Feinstein, 1982; Clements, 1990; Hooper, 1976; Kiparsky, 1979; Selkirk, 1984; Vennemann, 1988). All 1-member onsets, by definition, abide by the UCSS, as any consonant will be less sonorant than the vowel constituting the nucleus. However, the UCSS is not an absolute universal, as some languages, including English, have complex onsets that violate the UCSS. In fact, all 3-member onsets in English violate it. Previous research has demonstrated that onsets that violate the UCSS are more frequently modified than are those that do not, even when length is held constant (Carlisle, 1991b; Tropf, 1987). Consequently, any study that attempts to validly compare the frequency of modification of 2-member and 3-member onsets must examine only 2-member onsets that violate the UCSS, given that all 3-member onsets do. Such a control over the sonority relationships among the segments comprising the onsets guarantees that length is the actual variable being examined. The major contribution of this study is that it examines the production of onsets of different lengths while controlling for the sonority relationships among the segments in the onsets.
Immune Modulation by Altered Nutrient Metabolism: Nutritional Control of Immune-Induced Growth Depression

The ability of conjugated isomers of linoleic acid (CLA) to prevent reduced growth rate following endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) injection was studied in two chick trials and one rat trial. Chicks (10 per treatment) were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet with or without .5% CLA. At 21 days of age, chicks were weighed and injected i.p. with 1 mg/kg BW Escherichia coli LPS and sterile PBS. Body weights were again determined 24 h later. Antibody responses to SRBC were also determined. Rats fed .5% stearic acid or CLA for 4 wk (seven per treatment) were also injected with LPS, and BW change over a 24-h postinjection period was determined. Antibody responses to BSA, phytohemagglutinin foot pad swelling, and phagocytosis of elicited peritoneal macrophages were also determined. The CLA had no adverse effects on any immune variables measured in the chicks and rats. The CLA enhanced the phytohemagglutinin response and macrophage phagocytosis in rats. Chicks fed CLA and injected with LPS continued to grow, whereas those not fed CLA either failed to grow or lost weight following LPS injection. Both control and CLA-fed rats lost weight over the 24-h period after LPS injection; however, the loss of weight in rats fed CLA was only half of the weight loss of the control rats. Thus, CLA is effective in preventing the catabolic effects of immune stimulation.
HD 71636, A NEWLY DISCOVERED ECLIPSING BINARY

Our differential BV photometric observations, acquired with an automated telescope at Fairborn Observatory, show that HD 71636 is an eclipsing binary. From follow-up red-wavelength spectroscopic observations we classify the primary and secondary as an F2 dwarf and an F5 dwarf, respectively. The system has a period of 5.01329 days and a circular orbit. We used the Wilson-Devinney program to simultaneously solve our BV light curves and radial velocities and determined a number of fundamental properties of the system. Comparison with evolutionary tracks indicates that both stars are well ensconced on the main sequence. The age of the system is about 1.2 billion years.