cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Amounts of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Men Versus Women With Similar Levels of Hypertensive Clinic Blood Pressures

The purpose of this study was to assess several indexes of cardiovascular risk in men and women with moderate to severe hypertension. We found that women with moderate and severe hypertension have lower ambulatory blood pressure and less cardiac hypertrophy than men with similar clinic blood pressure.
Properties of the state of the art of bulk III?V nitride substrates and homoepitaxial layers

The technological importance of III–V nitride semiconductors relies on their variety of applications, which cover optical, optoelectronic and electronic devices capable of operating under extreme values of current, voltage and temperature. The major roadblock for full realization of the potential of nitride semiconductors is still the availability of affordable large-area and high-quality native substrates with controlled electrical properties. Despite the impressive accomplishments recently achieved by techniques such as hydride vapour phase epitaxy and ammonothermal for GaN and sublimation for AlN, much more must be attained before establishing a bulk growth technique of choice to grow these materials. A brief review of the structural, optical and electronic properties of the state of the art of bulk and thick-film (quasi-bulk) nitride substrates and homoepitaxial films is presented, and a few device applications are also highlighted.
Sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins for ovulation induction and laparoscopic artificial insemination in the cheetah and clouded leopard.

Ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins was assessed in the cheetah (Acinonyxjubatus) and clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) to help optimize artificial insemination (Al). Eighteen female cheetahs were used on 29 occasions and were given i.m. injections of 100, 200, or 400 IU eCG and 100 or 250 IU hCG 80 h later. Twenty-three female clouded leopards were treated i.m. on 27 occasions with 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, or 400 IU eCG followed 80 h later with 75, 140, or 280 IU hCG. Ovaries were examined laparoscopically at 43-48 h after hCG in cheetahs and 39-50 h in clouded leopards. All gonadotropin dosages stimulated ovarian activity in both species, but ovulation success and corpus luteum (CL) morphology varied (p < 0.05) with treatment. For both species, the highest and intermediate eCG dosages resulted in ovulation in a high proportion (72-100%) of females. The lowest eCG dosage, although capable of stimulating follicular development, compromised ovulation and resulted in few (< 26%) postovulatory females. For each species, small CL (2-4-mm diameter) were observed with the highest and lowest eCG dosage, and large CL (5-8-mm diameter) were associated with intermediate eCG dosages. Aged CL (10-12-mm diameter) were observed in 4 of 23 (17.4%) clouded leopards with no prior male exposure, indicating occasional spontaneous ovulation. Nineteen laparoscopic intrauterine Al procedures were performed in eCG/hCG-treated postovulatory cheetahs. Eighteen Al procedures were conducted in eCG/hCG-treated postovulatory clouded leopards. Six of the 13 cheetahs (46%), all in the 200-lU eCG/100-IU hCG group, became pregnant, in contrast to none of the clouded leopards. This study has revealed differences in ovarian activity in two wild felid species as a result of changes in exogenous gonadotropin dosage. Because of this dose-effect response, this comparative approach is necessary to identify a gonadotropin regimen that can mimic "normalcy." Even then, the relatively high Al success in the cheetah compared to the clouded leopard suggests that factors other than ovarian response can dictate the efficiency of assisted reproduction in this taxon.
Using Technological Tools to Enhance Learning in Social Work Diversity Courses

SUMMARY This study explores the educational benefits of using e-mail and electronic discussion groups as instructional tools in social work diversity classes. The authors look at practical ideas of how these technological tools can be used to aid classroom instruction, increase student awareness of human diversity issues, and enhance cultural competence. Students rated their experience as positive overall, and believe it gave them more opportunity to process the course content and expand their discussions outside the classroom. Students also report that they took more time to think about their responses than they do in traditional classroom discussions.
Large-scale, heterogeneous integration of nanowire arrays for image sensor circuitry

We report large-scale integration of nanowires for heterogeneous, multifunctional circuitry that utilizes both the sensory and electronic functionalities of single crystalline nanomaterials. Highly ordered and parallel arrays of optically active CdSe nanowires and high-mobility Ge/Si nanowires are deterministically positioned on substrates, and configured as photodiodes and transistors, respectively. The nanowire sensors and electronic devices are then interfaced to enable an all-nanowire circuitry with on-chip integration, capable of detecting and amplifying an optical signal with high sensitivity and precision. Notably, the process is highly reproducible and scalable with a yield of ≈80% functional circuits, therefore, enabling the fabrication of large arrays (i.e., 13 × 20) of nanowire photosensor circuitry with image-sensing functionality. The ability to interface nanowire sensors with integrated electronics on large scales and with high uniformity presents an important advance toward the integration of nanomaterials for sensor applications.
REPEATED ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY WITH PHENYLALANINE MUSTARD OR 5-FLUOROURACIL, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, AND PREDNISONE WITH OR WITHOUT RADIATION, AFTER MASTECTOMY FOR BREAST CANCER

Abstract 172 patients who had had mastectomy for breast cancer were treated by repeated adjuvant chemotherapy, either with phenylalanine mustard (P.A.M.) or a combination of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone (C.F.P.) with and without radiotherapy. Tumours recurred significantly more frequently and mortality tended to be higher in P.A.M.-treated patients than in patients on other treatment. The interval between surgery and disease recurrence was significantly shorter for P.A.M.- treated premenopausal but not postmenopausal patients than for patients of equivalent menstrual status treated with C.F.P. with or without radiation. The associations in premenopausal patients between the mode of treatment and both survival and the disease-free interval were significant before and after adjustment for variations between the treatment groups in the number of involved lymph nodes and the size of the primary tumour.
Are net-spinning caddisflies what they eat? An investigation using controlled diets and fatty acids

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are abundant in stream-dwelling aquatic insects and might be essential for their growth and survival. We conducted a controlled study designed to clarify fatty acid (FA) assimilation and metabolism by net-spinning caddisfly larvae (Hydropsyche sp.). Specifically, our goal was to determine if these insects could synthesize essential FAs (18:2v6, 18:3v3, 20:4v6, and 20:5v3) de novo or elongate them from precursors, or if they must acquire them from their diet. In laboratory experiments, we supplied controlled diets (commercial fish food, oat particles, Cladophora glomerata, and conditioned leaves) to larvae in individual microcosms that simulated stream conditions. Caddisfly FA profiles consistently matched those of the diets provided, and in general, these insects had very limited abilities to synthesize and elongate essential FAs. Concentrations of linoleic (18:2v6) and linolenic (18:3v3) acid declined significantly in caddisflies fed diets depleted in these FAs. To test the ability to elongate FAs, caddisflies were fed a diet depleted in arachidonic acid (20:4v6), but rich in its precursor 18:2v6. Tissue concentrations of 20:4v6 declined, suggesting that the ability of caddis larvae to elongate 18:2v6 to 20:4v6 is limited or absent. Caddisflies accumulated 20:5v3 at greater assimilation efficiencies than for any other FA, suggesting a key importance of this FA. Across all experiments, caddisflies gained mass, total FA content, or both when supplied with all food sources except leaf litter. We suggest that caddisflies in streams must obtain essential FAs either from algal material or from predation.
A hardware acceleration unit for MPI queue processing

With the heavy reliance of modern scientific applications upon the MPI Standard, it has become critical for the implementation of MPI to be as capable and as fast as possible. This has led some of the fastest modern networks to introduce the capability to offload aspects of MPI processing to an embedded processor on the network interface. With this important capability has come significant performance implications. Most notably, the time to process long queues of posted receives or unexpected messages is substantially longer on embedded processors. This paper presents an associative list matching structure to accelerate the processing of moderate length queues in MPI. Simulations are used to compare the performance of an embedded processor augmented with this capability to a baseline implementation. The proposed enhancement significantly reduces latency for moderate length queues while adding virtually no overhead for extremely short queues.
Using Sixth-Grade School Records to Predict School Violence, Chronic Discipline Problems, and High School Outcomes:

In this study, literature that indicates a need for systematic methods to identify students who are candidates for functional behavioral assessments and strength-based assessments is reviewed. These assessments will guide the development of individualized interventions to prevent violence, chronic discipline problems, and negative high school outcomes. Longitudinal research involving an archival review of a randomly selected sample of 526 students is reported. This research supports the use of school records of discipline referrals as a screening device. Referrals for violence involving fighting in Grade 6 predicted similar referrals in Grade 8. Frequency of discipline referrals in Grade 6 predicted chronic discipline problems in later middle school, which predicted frequency of suspensions in Grade 9. Three or more suspensions in ninth grade predicted school failure. Boys referred for fighting more than twice and girls referred even once for harassing, as sixth graders, were not likely to be on track for...
Structure-reactivity correlations for oxide-supported metal catalysts: new perspectives from STM

Abstract Deposition of metals onto planar oxide supports provides a convenient methodology for modeling important aspects of supported metal catalysts. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in conjunction with traditional surface-science techniques, is used to monitor the morphological changes of oxide-supported metal clusters upon exposure to reactants at elevated pressures. Of special concern is the relationship between catalytic activity/selectivity and surface structure, e.g., metal–support interaction and intrinsic cluster size effects. Au and Ag clusters were vapor-deposited onto TiO2(110) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Characterization of cluster size and density as a function of metal coverage is correlated with catalytic reactivity. Oxygen-induced cluster ripening occurs upon exposure of Au/TiO2(110) and Ag/TiO2(110) to 10.00 Torr O2. The morphology of the metal clustering induced by O2 exposure implies the chemisorption of O2 onto the metal clusters and the TiO2 substrate at room temperature. Ag and Au clusters exhibited a bimodal size distribution following O2 exposure due to Ostwald ripening, i.e., some clusters increased in size while other clusters shrank. A volatile oxide species is proposed to form at high oxygen pressures, accelerating intercluster atom transport. The oxide substrate was found to play a role in the kinetics of cluster ripening. STM shows that oxide-supported metal clusters are very reactive to O2 and that nanoclusters are particularly susceptible to adsorbate-induced restructuring.
Applications of Performance Ethnography in Nursing

In this article, the authors explore the origins of and theory behind performance ethnography and demonstrate how it can be used effectively in nursing research, education, and practice. They have included a performance text created by one of the authors based on semistructured, qualitative interviews with parents of children with genetic conditions. The text highlights the lived experiences of the parents, allowing the "audience" to appreciate more fully the complexities of parenting children with genetic conditions. The authors also discuss specific ways in which nurses can use performance ethnography in their professional practice, including several examples. Performance ethnography can be a creative method for nurses to communicate with patients and families, research audiences, colleagues, and students. Clinicians, researchers, educators, and students can learn to use performance ethnography to achieve the goal of a clear understanding of human needs and conditions for improved quality of care.
Probabilistic framework for opportunistic spectrum management in cognitive ad hoc networks

Existing distributed opportunistic spectrum management schemes do not consider the inability of today's cognitive transceivers to measure interference at the primary receivers. Consequently, optimizing the constrained cognitive radio network performance based only on the local interference measurements at the cognitive senders does not lead to truly optimal performance due to the existence of hidden (or exposed) primary senders. In this paper, we present a probabilistic framework for opportunistic spectrum management in cognitive ad hoc networks that optimizes the constrained cognitive user goodput while taking the unavoidable inaccuracy of spectrum sensing into account. The proposed framework (i) randomly explores individual spectrum bands as local interference measurements lead to inaccurate spectrum access decisions and (ii) adopts a non-greedy probabilistic spectrum access policy that prevents a single cognitive transmission from monopolizing an available spectral opportunity. In contrast to existing techniques, our approach allows multiple cognitive flows to fairly share the available opportunities without explicit inter-flow coordination. We analytically formulate the cognitive user performance optimization problem as a mixed-integer non-linear programming to derive the optimal parameter values. We use packet-level simulations to show that our approach achieves up to 138% higher goodput with significantly better fairness characteristics compared to greedy approaches.
Computer control via limited natural language

A natural language processor is described for control of a machine in task-oriented situations. Particular emphasis is given to issues related to flow-of-control statements in dialogue. These include branching constructs, as in `if row 1 contains a positive entry, then . . .' and looping constructs, as in `repeat for all other rows'. Special problems are discussed concerning the processing of deeply nested control structures, pronoun resolution, and the handling of conjunctions. An experiment is described in which the robustness of the conditional feature was tested with a group of computer naive subjects. It was found that subjects could discover and use the feature effectively in solving problems even though the fact of its existence was systematically withheld during the training session.
Roughness and shape of specular lobe surfaces using photometric sampling method

An algorithm is proposed to determine surface orientation and roughness for specular lobe dominant surfaces under photometric sampling. From the image sequence, surface reflectance and orientation are obtained by determining the parameters of the reflectance model. The validity of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to real specular lobe dominant surfaces and examining orientation errors. >
DISTRIBUTED HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND VEHICLE REFUELING

This paper examines the potential energy, environmental, and economic benefits of hydrogen-based distributed generation (DG) systems with dual application—commercial buildings and vehicle refueling. The selected DG systems incorporate fuel cell technologies for power generation and natural gas reformation for hydrogen production. In addition to basic systems, more advanced configurations facilitating heat recovery for the reformer and the building heating equipment are considered. Integration of stationary and transportation applications within the context of a commercial community is also explored on the premise of utilizing a joint hydrogen production facility for cost reduction. While appreciable improvement in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is evidently intrinsic to all selected stationary DG models, a significant reduction in the primary energy use is achieved with the more-advanced systems, particularly the one with internal heat recovery. A negligible impact on the water consumption is registered when water management is in place for the fuel cell systems. The integration strategy highlighting the community buildings as the surrogate supplier of hydrogen for vehicle refueling is more tenable from the economic standpoint than the reversed arrangement.
Scaling of normal form analysis coefficients under coordinate change

Power system normal form analysis has developed coefficients and indices in modal coordinates to quantify nonlinear modal interactions. We study the changes in the coefficients and indices when the power system equations are expressed in different coordinates or units and show that they can be normalized to be invariant to coordinate changes and thus intrinsic to the power system. The results are illustrated on a 4-generator system. An example shows that the coefficients and indices not only detect nonlinear interactions but also can become very large near a strong resonance in the system linearization.
Membranous Subaortic Stenosis and Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Six children (five of them girls) each initially had a large patent ductus arteriosus with auscultatory, radiologic, and electrocardiographic findings typical of that lesion. After surgery for the lesion, an ejection-type basal systolic murmur led to detection of discrete membranous subaortic stenosis, which became worse in late childhood. The murmur became louder, the systolic pressure gradient increased from slight to significant, and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency (or both) developed in the older children. Surgical excision of the membrane afforded improvement, except in one patient with the most severe involvement. Because of the unexpected finding of discrete membranous subaortic stenosis in these infants and young children who had undergone surgery for a large patent ductus arteriosus and because of the treacherous worsening of the effects of the discrete membranous subaortic stenosis as childhood progressed, it is important that those patients with a persistent systolic murmur after ductal ligation not be discharged from cardiac follow-up as cured. Serial cardiac catheterization during the growing years appears to be the most accurate way of detecting worsening discrete membranous subaortic stenosis, so that the membrane can be excised before severe complications occur.
Immigrant Organizations in Pursuit of Inclusive Planning Lessons from a Municipal Annexation Case

This article highlights a case in which an immigrant organization, called the Trusted Advocates, brokered for the inclusion of immigrant interests in a neighborhood annexation decision. Racialized controversies over neighborhood identity, and planners’ and officials’ distrust of the organization, provided two main challenges to the organization’s efficacy. The analysis reveals that while immigrant organizations need to provide evidence of their accountability, planning processes in diverse contexts can benefit from their cultural fluency, social capital, and innovative ideas for engagement. Efforts on the part of planners and immigrant organizations to build mutual trust may facilitate the development of negotiated visions for neighborhoods’ future.
Red Blood Cell Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Concentrations Are Positively Associated with Socioeconomic Status in Patients with Established Coronary Artery Disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study

Traditional cardiac risk factors only partially explain the biological mechanisms by which persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES) have higher cardiovascular risk. Dietary factors, resulting in lower circulating levels of (n-3) fatty acids, may also contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with low SES. We tested whether low SES is associated with RBC levels of (n-3) fatty acids in patients with coronary heart disease. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 987 adults with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) recruited from San Francisco area outpatient clinics. Four SES measures (household income, education, occupation, and housing status) were assessed by self-report. RBC fatty acid levels of 2 (n-3) fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were measured in venous blood samples from fasting subjects. Participants with lower household income, education, occupation, and housing status had lower RBC levels of (n-3) fatty acids (P < 0.001 for all 4 measures). In multivariable models, household income, education, and occupation remained strongly associated with DHA and EPA levels after adjustment for demographic factors, BMI, physical activity, statin use, and kidney function (P < 0.001 for all 3 measures). Housing status was not associated with DHA or EPA after multivariable adjustment. Among patients with CAD, 3 indicators of low SES, household income, education, and occupation, were strongly associated with lower RBC levels of (n-3) fatty acids. Our results raise the possibility that (n-3) fatty acids may be an important mediating factor in the association between low SES and CVD.
Pesticides and Herbicides

Pesticides and herbicides have had a large influence on the human population for at least 4000 years. These compounds have had positive and negative effects on humans and the environment. The perfect pesticide has not been developed that has only positive effects and no negative effects. The demand for food will only increase with increasing world population. Regulatory bodies are tasked with evaluating pesticides and determining ultimate risk and benefit.
La leptina nella fisiologia e patologia della funzione riproduttiva femminile

La funzione riproduttiva femminile e connessa alle riserve energetiche dell’organismo. Un ruolo chiave nel controllo metabolico dell’asse riproduttivo e svolto dalla leptina, adipochina che interviene a tutti i livelli dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-gonadi e in alcune funzioni placentari. Inadeguati livelli di leptina, in eccesso o in difetto, possono associarsi ad alterazioni dello sviluppo puberale e alterata fertilita.
Video Laryngoscopic Techniques Associated with Intubation Success in a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service System

AbstractObjectives. Video laryngoscopy (VL) is a technical adjunct to facilitate endotracheal intubation (ETI). VL also provides objective data for training and quality improvement, allowing evaluation of the technique and airway conditions during ETI. Previous studies of factors associated with ETI success or failure are limited by insufficient nomenclature, individual recall bias and self-report. We tested whether the covariates in prehospital VL recorded data were associated with ETI success. We also measured association between time and clinical variables. Methods. Retrospective review was conducted in a non-physician staffed helicopter emergency medical service system. ETI was typically performed using sedation and neuromuscular-blockade under protocolized orders. We obtained process and outcome variables from digitally recorded VL data. Patient characteristics data were also obtained from the emergency medical service record and linked to the VL recorded data. The primary outcome was to identify VL ...
Attitudes of Medicare-Eligible Americans Toward Mail Service Pharmacy

BACKGROUND: For many years, community pharmacies provided mail delivery as a convenience for a small segment of special circumstance patients who requested it. Fueled by a movement among plan sponsors and prescription benefit managers to encourage or require its use, growth in mail service pharmacy began to accelerate in the 1980s and now accounts for nearly 25% of the market in the general population and a much higher percentage of seniors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes of Medicare-eligible Americans toward concerns that have been raised about mail service pharmacy and its mandated use in the prescription benefit plans of public and private insurance programs. METHODS: Existing published literature was reviewed, and interviews were conducted with Medicare-eligible persons aged 65 and older to identify potential areas of concern with mail order pharmacy services. A survey was constructed and mailed to a nationally representative random sample of 6,500 persons between the ages of 65 and 79 in July 2012. RESULTS: By the cutoff date, 669 completed surveys had been received, and an additional 221 had been returned as undeliverable, resulting in an overall response rate of 10.7%. Nearly half of respondents listed chain pharmacy as their primary source of prescription medications (47.7%) followed by mail service (34.1%), independent pharmacy (13.1%), and other (5.1%). Responses of seniors residing in rural zIP codes compared with those in nonrural zIP codes demonstrated significantly higher agreement with several concerns, including lost or stolen medications, receiving the exact medication the physician prescribed, and the effects of exposure to heat, cold, or moisture. Two additional concerns approached statistical significance: the ability to speak with a pharmacist face-to-face and the ability to obtain medications quickly if needed. A total of 533 (83.7%) indicated they would oppose mandated mail order in their current benefit plan if it would cause the local community pharmacy they rely on for immediate medication needs to close. The mean risk of such an eventuality that respondents were willing to accept was 42.2%, indicating they would oppose mandatory mail order if there were greater than about a 4-in-10 chance it would cause the loss of their local pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: Seniors appear to be practical and pragmatic about the sources of their prescription medications. While most see a role for mail service pharmacy, they are also aware of its limitations. Many have needs they believe cannot be adequately met by mail service or have relationships with local pharmacies and pharmacists they believe are important for maintaining their health and well-being. As a result, seniors are relatively risk averse when it comes to the loss of their local community pharmacy, even if they routinely use mail order for most of their medications. Beyond their specific concerns, most seniors oppose any restrictions on their freedom to use the pharmacy of their choice on general principle.
ABR Screening of High-Risk Infants: Effects of Ambient Noise in the Neonatal Nursery:

This investigation examined ABR waveforms obtained at five signal intensities (20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 dB nHL) for adults and at three signal intensities (20, 40, and 80 dB nHL) for infants. ABR recordings were obtained in a quiet condition and repeated for three different intensity levels (40, 50, and 60 dBA) of background noise characteristic of a neonatal intensive care unit. The subjects were ten adults and ten infants whose ABRs were judged normal when measured at 20 dB nHL in the quiet condition. Results indicated that high levels of ambient noise (up to 60 dBA) did not influence either absolute wave V or interwave latencies measured for stimulus intensities of 60 and 80 dB nHL. ABR waveforms obtained at stimulus intensities often used for screening (i.e., 20, 30 or 40 dB nHL), however, were substantially altered for some subjects as a function of increasing levels of ambient noise. This observation was most apparent for the infant population and has important implications for the design of infant ABR screening programs.
Technology Innovation and New Business Models: Can Logistics and Supply Chain Research Accelerate the Evolution?

Businesses today are facing an unprecedented rate of change by virtue of disruptive technologies – many of which are focused on achieving “reach” efficiently in the marketplace. Organizations must evolve their business models to leverage the opportunities presented with the advent of these technologies, yet the pathways to success and failure remain unclear. Researchers of logistics and supply chain management find themselves on the front lines for these exciting developments. As editors, we encourage the research community to “get ahead” of business actions, inform strategy, and shape the next generation of competition.
Imaging 20-100-keV x-ray emissions from laser fusion targets

Imaging high-energy x-ray emission from laser fusion targets is important because such images provide views deep inside the target and reveal the features of transport of hot/superhot electrons. These electrons can cause target preheat and are detrimental to efficient target implosion. We report here successful imaging of 20-, 45-, 70-, and 100keV x-ray emissions from the fusion targets at our Novette laser facility.
Viruses and Carcinogenesis

Some viruses have been found to be associated with different tumors. They act as cofactors together with other environmental and genetic agents in the process of carcinogenesis. It has been demonstrated that four DNA viruses and two RNA viruses play a recognized etiopathological role in human carcinogenesis. The four DNA viruses include Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papilloma virus (HPV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The two RNA viruses include human lymphotrophic T-cell virus and hepatitis C virus. Tumor viruses show different genomes and replication schemes, but they share the ability to direct host cells to enter the cell cycle, which supports viral gene expression and replication. Tumor viruses may directly transform cells by carrying oncogenes into a cell, or by activating cellular proto-oncogenes. These genes can interfere with normal cell functions by producing transforming growth factors leading, in the end, to the disruption of the mechanisms controlling cellular growth and proliferation. The path from viral infection to tumorigenesis is slow and inefficient; only a minority of infected individuals progress to cancer usually years or even decades after primary infection. The knowledge of mechanisms of cell transformation makes it possible to search for therapeutic strategies aimed at either controlling viral infection or eliminating the virus from the infected cells. However, the prevention of some viral infections should remain a major focus against virus-induced cancers.
China’s vietnam policy: The road to normalization and prospects for the Sino-Vietnamese relationship

Americans have both underestimated and exaggerated China’s ability to influence developments in Asia. Many saw the normalization of relations between China and Vietnam in 1991 as a sign of China’s growing regional dominance. This article reexamines the process of normalization against the background of historical twentieth-century relations in order to present a more balanced perspective of China’s Vietnam policy. The author examines China’s role at the 1954 Geneva Conference, in 1973 at the Paris Peace Talks, during the deterioration of relations in the 1970s that culminated in the Sino-Vietnamese border war of 1979, and finally, along the road to normalization. Understanding that Sino-Vietnamese cooperation depends less on China’s leverage over Vietnam than on the convergence of interests between the two countries, the author then explores the major issues in Sino-Vietnamese relations in the 1990s.
A Bibliography on Boxing

(1938). A Bibliography on Boxing. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 129-153.
Educating for Vocation: Weaving Educational Ideas With Institutional Practices

ABSTRACTTheologies of vocation are essential in order to explore questions of purpose, values, and direction with college and university students. Given that educational institutions have embedded values and perspectives, some higher education cultures are more effective than others in fostering a student's sense of life calling. In this article, I consider how college and university leaders consciously weave together their educational ideas about vocation with institutional practices. First, I describe diverse institutions engaged in an education for vocation. The description is based principally on learning and experience among accredited “private” colleges and universities within the United States, meaning that they are not government-sponsored institutions. Most of these not-for-profit institutions were founded by—and are still sponsored in association with—some tradition of Christian faith. Then in this article I stress that such faith-related colleges and universities must work from within the insti...
Concurrent development and strategic outsourcing

Abstract Concurrent development activities and strategic supply chain management have become staples of the new product development (NPD) process over the last 15 years. Although this is beneficial, often the advice given comes in a “generic” form, based on the assumption that the similarities among NPD efforts are more important than the differences between them. However, variation in the radicalness of projects can make a significant difference in the way that they should be managed. This paper explores the processes associated with the development of radical new products. Based on interviews with project managers and engineers in the United States and Japan, this paper puts forth three propositions, which we summarize in a model aimed to help managers decide whether the “degree of radicalness” of the product may require changes in the organization's NPD process.
Exploring the Use of Outcome Measures in Human Service Nonprofits: Combining Agency, Institutional, and Organizational Capacity Perspectives

ABSTRACTAlthough nonprofits have invested substantial resources in measuring their outcomes, not all nonprofits make use of their outcome information. This study examines how nonprofits use outcome data and what factors are associated with its use. The study categorizes outcome information in three dimensions—professional/anticipatory use, compliance use, and negotiated use. Based on survey data from human service nonprofits (n = 259), the study investigates how risk aversion, institutional factors, and organizational capacity are related to the three dimensions of outcome information use. The findings indicate that compliance use is influenced by coercive pressure, and that professional/anticipatory use and negotiated use are associated with risk aversion, mimetic isomorphism, and political capacity. The study contributes to knowledge of how performance data are used by nonprofit organizations.
Lithic Production and Consumption Patterns from the Great Platform at Late Postclassic (A.D. 1350–1525) Tzintzuntzan, Mexico

ABSTRACTLate Postclassic period (a.d. 1350–1525) Tarascan economic activities often included higher degrees of political involvement and territorial control compared with other ancient Mesoamerican societies. Here I examine Tarascan obsidian economies through an analysis of lithic production and consumption patterns from structures excavated on and near the Great Platform at the imperial capital of Tzintzuntzan. Four spatially distinct patterns are evident. Great Platform residents used high-quality obsidian blades as ceremonial items or burial offerings and scrapers for craft production. Lower elite residents of Structure F, outside the Great Platform, produced their own blade tools and consumed a higher percentage of green obsidian than residents of the Great Platform. Excavations at Yacata 3 recovered bifacial arrowheads and obsidian bloodletters associated with disturbed offerings. The spatial distributions of lapidary preforms and highly polished fragments combined with accounts from the Relacion de ...
Prognosis and condition-based monitoring: an open systems architecture

Abstract This article describes an open systems architecture (OSA) for prognostic inference, and the role it plays in an open systems architecture for Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM). We specify a prognosis OSA by specifying (a) the function fulfilled by a generic prognosis module, and (b) the inputs and outputs that must be present in such a module.
Saint Vincent Ferrier, Sermon sur la passion. Trans. with introduction by Patrick Gifreu. Pp. 141. Perpignan: Les Éditions de la Merci, 2016. ISBN: 979-10-91193-08-5 / Saint Vincent Ferrer, His World and Life: Religion and Society in Late Medieval Europe. By Philip Daileader. The New Middle Ages. Pp. xix+282. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-137-54041-6

The Dominican preacher St Vicent Ferrer (1350–1419) is finally getting the attention that he deserves by modern scholars. He was a complex charismatic preacher whose influence has yet to be fully a...
Mind Mapping: An Experiential Approach to Syllabus Review

On the first day of class most management faculty review or “go over” the syllabus, typically through an instructor-led presentation. However, research indicates that students retain little, if any...
Batch Production with Unit Load Design and Scheduling Consideration

Despite the fact that most batch jobs are moved through shops in unit loads, very limited work has been reported on how to select the best unit load size and the routing of these unit loads through the machines to minimize the batch completion time. In this chapter, the problem of determining the best unit load size for a job and the routing of these unit loads through the machines in a multistage system with material handling consideration is addressed. The design objective is the minimization of the batch completion time. Both stationary and mobile based material handling systems are considered. Results indicate that the unit load and routing requirements for mobile and stationary systems are different.
Raman-Kerr frequency combs in Zr-doped silica hybrid microresonators.

Resonant cavity-enhanced Kerr frequency combs have been demonstrated using a range of cavity materials. Regardless of cavity type, one fundamental challenge is achieving low or flat dispersion while maintaining high-efficiency four-wave mixing (FWM). Here we demonstrate a Raman–Kerr frequency comb using a Zr-doped silica hybrid toroidal microcavity. The Zr-doped layer both flattens the dispersion and increases the stimulated Raman scattering efficiency. This enhancement enables the generation of FWM around both the Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering emissions. As a result, the Raman–Kerr frequency comb spans more than 300 nm in the near-IR region with less than 5.2 mW of input power.
Image enhancement by the combination of multivalued logic and Savitzky–Golay filter

Information increases in a signal by using more value to represent the signal. Compared to binary logic, multivalued logic carries more information about a signal. An image can be represented more ...
Military Solid and Hazardous Wastes: The Army Corps of Engineers Disaster Debris Management Mission

Abstract The U.S. Military plays a critical role in addressing debris in national disasters. This article describes general principles and approaches for management of the debris. The debris mission in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands of the 2018 storms Irma and Maria is discussed in detail.
Body Size Influences Stingless Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Communities Across a Range of Deforestation Levels in Rondônia, Brazil.

Developments in understanding bee responses to habitat loss indicate that body size is a trait with important consequences for conservation. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) are a diverse group of eusocial bees providing pollination services in tropical landscapes, exhibiting a large range in body size across species. We tested the effects of deforestation on the body sizes of stingless bee communities by using museum specimens and revisiting a previous effort that sampled stingless bee communities across varying levels of deforestation at 183 sites in Rondonia, Brazil, in 1996-1997. Body size measurements (intertegular distance) from 72 species collected were included as dependent variables in response to forest area, forest edge, and connectivity of forest patches at several spatial scales. We find that stingless bee body size is negatively related to forest cover: mean community body size was larger in areas with greater amounts of deforestation, and smaller in areas with less deforestation. Second, stingless bee species richness was positively associated with forest edge regardless of body size. Lastly, we find that as forest patch isolation increased, the stingless bee community body size also increased. These findings support hypotheses that small stingless bee species might be more negatively affected by deforestation, adding to the growing body of evidence that stingless bees require areas of intact forest in near proximity to other forest patches to conserve these diverse pollinator communities.
Parametric modeling of surface-distributed-scatterer ensembles for inverse analysis of diffuse-reflectance spectra

This study examines using parametric models for inverse analysis of diffuse IR reflectance from particulate materials that are sparsely distributed upon a surface. Parametric models are applied for inverse analysis of simulated spectra, which are calculated using ensembles of reflectance spectra for non-interacting material particles on surfaces, which have specified dielectric response properties and particle-size distributions Simulated reflectance spectra for individual particles upon surfaces, used for prototype inverse analysis, are calculated numerically using a model based on Mie scattering theory, which assumes spherical particles on surfaces. Parametric models of diffuse reflectance spectra provide encoding of dielectric response features for physical interpretation and convenien representation.
Introducing locus: a nime for immersive exocentric aural environments

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.(1748667). The authors would also like to acknowledge Virginia Tech's Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology (ICAT) for the project support.
Cultural Impact and Societal Responses

This chapter enters the theoretical debate on the cultural impacts of globalization, as well as produces an empirical account of societal responses to globalization in Russia. Kochtcheeva argues that the reactions to globalization and the patterns of adaptation are far from automatic, uniform, or universal. The response to globalization should be understood in terms of the strength of established societal paradigms, official, academic, and public discourse, the views from different generations, and the degree of nationalism. The country’s experiences and aspirations support the ideas of the hybridization model of cultural globalization, as Russia entertains many Western ideas, goods, and values, projects an image of globalizing power, while continuously challenging and adapting them to domestic realities and local demands.
Inside the Neolithic mind: consciousness, cosmos and the realm of the gods

Co-written by archeologists David Lewis-Williams and David Pearce (both of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa), Inside the Neolithic Mind is a cognitive archeological...
It's About Time: Minimizing Hardware and Software Latencies in Speech Research With Real-Time Auditory Feedback

Purpose Various aspects of speech production related to auditory-motor integration and learning have been examined through auditory feedback perturbation paradigms in which participants' acoustic speech output is experimentally altered and played back via earphones/headphones "in real time." Scientific rigor requires high precision in determining and reporting the involved hardware and software latencies. Many reports in the literature, however, are not consistent with the minimum achievable latency for a given experimental setup. Here, we focus specifically on this methodological issue associated with implementing real-time auditory feedback perturbations, and we offer concrete suggestions for increased reproducibility in this particular line of work. Method Hardware and software latencies as well as total feedback loop latency were measured for formant perturbation studies with the Audapter software. Measurements were conducted for various audio interfaces, desktop and laptop computers, and audio drivers. An approach for lowering Audapter's software latency through nondefault parameter specification was also tested. Results Oft-overlooked hardware-specific latencies were not negligible for some of the tested audio interfaces (adding up to 15 ms). Total feedback loop latencies (including both hardware and software latency) were also generally larger than claimed in the literature. Nondefault parameter values can improve Audapter's own processing latency without negative impact on formant tracking. Conclusions Audio interface selection and software parameter optimization substantially affect total feedback loop latency. Thus, the actual total latency (hardware plus software) needs to be correctly measured and described in all published reports. Future speech research with "real-time" auditory feedback perturbations should increase scientific rigor by minimizing this latency.
A high-fidelity computational investigation of buried concrete sewer pipes exposed to truckloads and corrosion deterioration

Abstract As wastewater systems are reaching critical levels of aging and deterioration, simulation of realistic pipe behaviors is ever more needed to analyze and manage the associated risks. Developing such models is challenging, in part due to the complexity of aging and deterioration impacts on the structural and functional performance of pipes. This study investigates the impacts of a number of design and uncertain variables on the serviceability performance of concrete sewer pipes throughout their service life. This is facilitated by a high-fidelity three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of concrete sewer pipes, surrounding soil, and pavement layers in ANSYS platform. The FE model is capable of capturing nonlinear behaviors of concrete, soil, and pipe-soil interactions, in addition to simulating crack formation and crushing of concrete pipes. Corrosion impacts are simulated by sequentially removing concrete layers inside the pipe so that corrosion effects from previous years are taken into account. The influence of linear versus nonlinear assumptions for soil and pipe-soil interactions on the performance of the pipes especially crack width are investigated for cases where the models are subjected to external truckloads. Moreover, impacts of most common trench installations in terms of bedding, side-fill configuration, and soil properties are analyzed for the entire service life of the pipe. Results reveal that the soil surrounding the pipe needs to be modeled as a nonlinear material regardless of the soil grain size. It was observed that the error associated with modeling soil and soil-pipe interactions as linear increases as the pipe ages and the extent of corrosion increases. Results of this investigation can guide the development of reliable and computationally efficient numerical models for deteriorating underground concrete sewer pipes.