cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
To inherit the Earth. Imagining world population, from the yellow peril to the population bomb

This article narrates the development of a set of ideas and provocative imagery about population growth and movement that has shaped the way people think about world politics. It represented humanity in terms of populations that could and should be controlled to prevent degeneration and preserve civilization. During the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this discursive tradition supported a series of political projects that aimed to either exclude those deemed able to subsist on less and reproduce more or regulate reproduction worldwide. Conceiving of the world in terms of populations – rather than nation-states – led people to think of new ways in which it might be divided, unsettling diplomatic alignments and alliances. But it also contributed to critiques of state sovereignty, since population problems were said to affect everyone and require a united response. This intellectual history helps illuminate some of the local and parochial reasons why people began to ‘think globally’.
Impacting student learning using a living case study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of using a living case study method to teach graduate students in an organizational development (OD) course. A living case is defined as one where participants study a current, ongoing situation over the entire semester. Students worked with an authentic client to solve an authentic problem. After the course concluded interviews were conducted. Learners expressed a sense of feeling more connected and engaged with the course content because of the living case. Students also exhibited significant learning – new skills and mindsets developed during the course that are valued and used in their work, school, and personal lives. Design/methodology/approach – This is an instrumental case study of a work-based instructional design used to improve student engagement and learning outcomes. Findings – Students worked with an authentic client to solve an authentic problem. Learners expressed a sense of feeling more connected and engaged with the course cont...
An Instability Analysis Procedure for Three-Level Multi-Bearing Rotor-Foundation Systems

A procedure for the instability analysis of three-level multi-span rotor systems is described. This procedure is based on a distributed mass-elastic representation of the rotor system in several eight-coefficient bearings. Each bearing is supported from an elastic foundation on damped, elastic pedestals. The foundation is represented as a general distributed mass-elastic structure on discrete supports, which may have different stiffnesses and damping properties in the horizontal and vertical directions. This system model is suited to studies of instability threshold conditions for multi-rotor turbomachines on either massive or flexible foundations. The instability condition is found by obtaining the eigenvalues of the system determinant, which is obtained by the transfer matrix method from the three-level system model. The stability determinant is solved for the lowest rotational speed at which the system damping becomes zero in the complex eigenvalue, and for the whirl frequency corresponding to the natural frequency of the unstable mode. An efficient algorithm for achieving this is described. Application of this procedure to a rigid rotor in two damped-elastic bearings and flexible supports is described. Application of this procedure to a rigid rotor in two damped-elastic bearings and flexible supports is described. A second example discusses a flexible rotor with four damped-elastic bearings. The third case compares the stability of a six-bearing 300 Mw turbine generator unit, using two different bearing types. These applications validate the computer program and various aspects of the analysis.
Toxoneuron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Designation of a Neotype for Its Type Species, T. viator and Discovery of a Possible Senior Synonym of its Best Known Species, T. nigriceps

A neotype is designated for Bracon (Toxoneuron) viator Say and a detailed redescription is provided. A lectotype for Toxoneuron bicolor Szepligeti is also designated, and the transfer of Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck to the genus Toxoneuron is discussed. Morphological differences between T. bicolor and T. nigriceps are very minor, suggesting a potential synonymy, with bicolor as the senior synonym. Though biological data on T. bicolor are lacking, distributional data indicate that differences in host specificity could be used to elucidate the relationship between these 2 nominal species.
Will Separation of Powers Challenges 'Take Care' of Environmental Citizen Suits? Article II, Injury-in-Fact, Private 'Enforcers,' and Lessons from Qui Tam Litigation

What are environmental citizen suits? This question has deep constitutional implications when the focus turns to the relationship between citizen suit plaintiffs and the federal Executive. Such resonances are especially acute because the federal courts have traditionally viewed citizen suits as a type of enforcement action, supplementing state and federal environmental enforcement efforts.Four Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court have suggested that environmental citizen suits may violate separation of powers principles on Article II grounds. Specifically, so the argument goes, in creating citizen suits Congress has impermissibly interfered with the President's constitutional duty to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed."This Article explores the legitimacy of that Article II concern by evaluating citizen suits through the lens of federal qui tam provisions. It concludes that, given the Supreme Court's imposition of an Article III standing requirement on environmental citizen suits, such suits look more like private actions than public actions and hence should survive Article II scrutiny.
Nuclear ferritin mediated regulation of JNK signaling in corneal epithelial cells.

Corneal epithelial (CE) cells are exposed to environmental insults (e.g., UV-irradiation), yet they suffer little damage. Our previous studies suggest that chicken CE cells have a novel form of protection involving having ferritin in a nuclear location where it can bind to DNA and sequester free iron. Here we describe another potential nuclear ferritin-mediated protective mechanism: the down-regulation of the JNK signaling pathway. The JNK pathway has been shown by others to promote apoptosis in response to cell damage and also to be activated in CE cell lines following exposure to UV radiation. Here we show in COS7 reporter cell lines that the expression of ferritin in a nuclear localization significantly down-regulates the JNK pathway (p = 5.7 × 10(-6)), but has no effect on the NFkB or the Erk pathways. In organ cultures of embryonic chicken corneas, we observed that inhibiting the synthesis of nuclear ferritin in CE cells, using the iron-chelating molecule deferoxamine, led to an increase in JNK signaling, as measured by phospho-JNK levels compared to CE cells with nuclear ferritin. Furthermore, the chemical inhibition of the JNK pathway using the molecule AS601245 decreased the production of nuclear ferritin. Taken together, these observations suggest that in CE cells a feedback-loop exists in which JNK signaling increases the production of nuclear ferritin and, in turn, nuclear ferritin decreases the activity of the JNK signaling pathway.
Using a reflectance-based correction on Cherenkov images to strengthen correlation with radiation surface dose in an anthropomorphic breast phantom

Cherenkov imaging during radiotherapy is a method by which an optical analog for the high-energy radiation beam can be observed directly on the surface of the patient. While simple geometries and volumes demonstrate a strong correlation between Cherenkov emission intensity and surface dose, in vivo data collected from 14 whole-breast patients has not exhibited the same correlation. The purpose of this anthropomorphic phantom study was to investigate a new method for improving the in vivo correlation based on a pixel-by-pixel correction from a reference reflectance image. The pixel intensities in Cherenkov images of a phantom were correlated with the surface dose measured from thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) placed on the phantom’s surface. Because the phantom had homogeneous optical properties, results show a no appreciable change in correlation between Cherenkov intensity and surface dose when using the correction method on images of an anthropomorphic solid silicone phantom, nor a change in the dose fall-off at the edges of the phantom. The method may improve correlation with in vivo data.
LAZY UNIFICATION

Unification-based NL parsers that copy argument graphs to prevent their destruction suffer from inefficiency. Copying is the most expensive operation in such parsers, and several methods to reduce copying have been devised with varying degrees of success. Lazy Unification is presented here as a new, conceptually elegant solution that reduces copying by nearly an order of magnitude. Lazy Unification requires no new slots in the structure of nodes, and only nominal revisions to the unification algorithm.
Ambipolar Diffusion Lengths, Lamb, and Steady-State Photoconductivity, σph, in B2H6 Doped Μc-Si

We have compared the photo-transport properties of thin films of B-compensated ?c-Si and device-grade a-Si:H prepared by remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD). The steady state photocarrier grating technique was used to determine the ambipolar diffusion lengths, Lamb. The conductivity of the μc-Si:B thin films changed from n-type to p-type as the B2H6 fraction in the B2H6/SiH4 source gas mixture was increased. The steady state photoconductivity, σph, decreased as B2H6 was initially introduced and the material changed from n-type to intrinsic; σph then increased as the material converted to p-type. Lamb displayed a complementary behavior with a maximum value at the approximate compensation point between the n-type and p-type conductivity regions. The steady-state photoconductivity and Lamb did not show any significant photo-induced degradations under intense illumination. Finally, the photoconductivity and Lamb displayed a strong dependence on sample thickness which is associated with Fermi level pinning at the surface.
The Context of Early Southeastern Prehistoric Cave Art: A Report on the Archaeology of 3rd Unnamed Cave

In the deep recesses of “3rd Unnamed Cave,” a karst cavern in Tennessee, evidence for an ancient association between dark zone cave art and chert mining has recently been documented. The art comprises petroglyphs on the ceiling of a chamber more than 1 km from the cave entrance. On the floor below the art, natural sediments were excavated prehistorically to obtain high-quality chert nodules. Radiocarbon age determinations place the mining during the Terminal Archaic period. Studies in lithic technology, geoarchaeology, and petroglyph description are presented.
SPATIAL PROCESSES AND THE DUALITY OF CHURCH AND FAITH: A SIMMELIAN PERSPECTIVE ON U.S. DENOMINATIONAL GROWTH, 1900-1930

With information on all U.S. denominations of nontrivial sizes, this paper examines various spatial and temporal prcesses underly- ing religious expansion between 1900 and 1930. Simmel's provocative and complex essay, "Soziologie des Raumes" (1903) poses the central paradox that religion is both faith-cultural constellations of beliefs-and church- social associations that are spatially situated. This distinction helps to clar-
New Amorphous and Crystalline Complexes of Conjugated Aromatic Schiff Base Polymers

New soluble amorphous and crystalline complexes of conjugated aromatic Schiff base polymers with diarylphosphates have been prepared and their molecular and electronic structures and morphology characterized by FTIR spectra, electronic absorption spectra, differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. The diphenyl phosphate (DPP) or di-m-cresyl phosphate (DCP) complexes of the conjugated polyimines have electronic structures and optical properties that are dramatically different from the pure polymers due to the formation of polyiminium ions on complexation. At diarylphosphate: imine ratio equal to 0.50, amorphous materials are obtained whereas highly crystalline complexes are obtained at the stoichiometric ratio. The potential of complexation in modulating and enhancing the thirdorder nonlinear optical properties of this class of polymers is demonstrated.
Taxonomic Value of Reproductive Cell Size in the Genus Pythium

Oospores and oogonia of P. dissotocum, P. myriotylum, P. irregulare, and one isolate of P. ultimum increased in diameter after being subcultured for 30 mo. Oospores and oogonia of P. aphanidermatum and one isolate of P. ultimum decreased in diameter during this period. Sporangia of P. irregulare increased in diameter and of two isolates of P. ultimum decreased in diameter during this period. The taxonomic value of reproductive cell diameter in the genus Pythium is discussed.
The Words of Life in the Acts of the Apostle Andrew

Christianity always expressed the necessity of the proclamation of the gospel. During the second century, however, the different groups and churches were not able to agree on the nature of this proclamation. For some, the apostolic witness was constituted by a memory of fundamental salvific events, namely, the birth, death, and resurrection of Christ. For others, particularly the author of the Acts of Andrew , preaching the gospel meant communicating divine wisdom and proclaiming life-giving words.
The Centennial Trends Greater Horn of Africa precipitation dataset

East Africa is a drought prone, food and water insecure region with a highly variable climate. This complexity makes rainfall estimation challenging, and this challenge is compounded by low rain gauge densities and inhomogeneous monitoring networks. The dearth of observations is particularly problematic over the past decade, since the number of records in globally accessible archives has fallen precipitously. This lack of data coincides with an increasing scientific and humanitarian need to place recent seasonal and multi-annual East African precipitation extremes in a deep historic context. To serve this need, scientists from the UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group and Florida State University have pooled their station archives and expertise to produce a high quality gridded ‘Centennial Trends’ precipitation dataset. Additional observations have been acquired from the national meteorological agencies and augmented with data provided by other universities. Extensive quality control of the data was carried out and seasonal anomalies interpolated using kriging. This paper documents the CenTrends methodology and data.
Application of the coincidence counting technique to DD neutron spectrometry data at the NIF, OMEGA, and Z

A compact neutron spectrometer, based on a CH foil for the production of recoil protons and CR-39 detection, is being developed for the measurements of the DD-neutron spectrum at the NIF, OMEGA, and Z facilities. As a CR-39 detector will be used in the spectrometer, the principal sources of background are neutron-induced tracks and intrinsic tracks (defects in the CR-39). To reject the background to the required level for measurements of the down-scattered and primary DD-neutron components in the spectrum, the Coincidence Counting Technique (CCT) must be applied to the data. Using a piece of CR-39 exposed to 2.5-MeV protons at the MIT HEDP accelerator facility and DD-neutrons at Z, a significant improvement of a DD-neutron signal-to-background level has been demonstrated for the first time using the CCT. These results are in excellent agreement with previous work applied to DT neutrons.
The End of a Traditional Class Distinction in Neoliberal Society: ‘White-collar’ and ‘Blue-collar’ Work and its Impact on Chilean Workers’ Class Consciousness:

For several decades, the distinction between ‘white-collar’ (non-manual) and ‘blue-collar’ (manual) work occupied a central place in the analysis of working-class consciousness. According to many s...
Prospects of bipolar power devices in silicon carbide

There has been a rapid improvement in SiC materials and power devices during the last few years. SiC unipolar devices such as Schottky diodes, JFETS and MOSFETs have been developed extensively and advantages of insertion such devices in the power systems have been demonstrated. However, for high power systems such as high voltage converters, bipolar devices are preferable due to their low on-resistance. In this work, a detailed review of the current situation and future trends in SiC power switches, especially BJTs, IGBTs, and GTOs, is given with an emphasis on the device designs and characterization. On the contrary to Silicon BJTs, SiC BJTs exhibit a positive temperature coefficient for the on-state voltage drop, which makes SiC BJTs easily paralleled. In addition, a current gain of 50-70 has been routinely achieved on SiC BJTs which can significantly simplify the gate drive circuits. SiC IGBTs are suitable as the power switches in the range of 10 - 20 kV due to the conductivity modulation and simple gate driver. SiC GTOs have shown superior high current handling capabity even at high temperatures making the preferable device for high power pulse applications. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art achievements on these devices and identifies the key issues in SiC materials and device processing which will influence the future SiC power bipolar device commercialization.
Keynote 3: Weighted transducers in speech and language processing

This talk will describe the use of weighted transducers in speech and language processing. Weighted transducers are automata where each transition has an input label, an output label, and a weight. They have key applications in speech recognition and synthesis, machine translation, optical character recognition, pattern matching, string processing, machine learning, information extraction and retrieval among others. We give a brief history of the field, an overview of the theory and algorithms of weighted finite-state and pushdown transducers, a discussion of available software libraries, a description of applications to speech recognition, speech synthesis, machine translation and NLP, and a short overview of current research problems.
Therapeutic Applications: Strategies and Molecules Targeting the IL-17/Th17 Pathway

As shown in Fig. 5.1a–e, there are multiple points where the interleukin 17 (IL-17)/Th17 pathway can be blocked for therapy of inflammatory diseases. These include targeting cytokines that promote Th17 cells, targeting IL-17 cytokines, targeting IL-17Rs, targeting Th17 master transcription factor RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), and blocking IL-17 cytokine signaling. Currently clinically available agents and those in late-phase development blocking IL-17 pathway are almost exclusively monoclonal antibodies. Small molecules blocking RORγt activity appear to be promising, and several molecules are in early-phase trials. RNAi offers precise blockade of the target but delivery of efficient quantity for therapeutic purpose is a challenge. More research on this aspect is required before it can be tested clinically.
Cisplatin, Etoposide, and Irinotecan for Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most chemosensitive solid tumors. Unfortunately, a majority of patients will experience relapse of their disease within 1 year of completing treatment. Median survival for patients with relapsed disease is dismal at about 5–6 months even with best available therapy. Good performance status and sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy are significant prognostic factors of survival in patients treated for relapsed SCLC (1). Therapy options for relapsed SCLC remain limited, due to poor efficacy of most chemotherapy regimens and the poor performance status of many of these patients at relapse. Currently, topotecan is the only FDA-approved agent for the treatment of relapsed SCLC based on a phase III trial that demonstrated improvement in survival and quality of life (QOL) compared to best supportive care (2).
Non-Equilibrium Thermal/Mechanical Behaviour

A solid undergoes nonequilibrium changes when disturbed, a phenomenon that occurs at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale level. These changes depend on the rate at which the process takes place and cannot be described in terms of physical parameters representing the system as a whole. Their description involves synchronizing the thermal fluctuation with mechanical motion of the material at each location and time.
Mineralogical and compositional features of rock fulgurites: A record of lightning effects on granite

Fulgurites are a naturally occurring glass formed when sand, rock, or soil is struck by atmospheric electrical discharges (lightning). The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the conditions occurring in rocks during the lightning strike. Rock fulgurites collected from Mt. Mottarone, Baveno (Piedmont, Italy) have been investigated to assess the mineralogical and compositional changes occurring in granite due to a lightning strike. X-ray powder diffraction showed that the samples represent the dominant granitic rock type of the Baveno massif, the so-called “Pink Baveno.” Fulgurite coats the surface of the granite as a brown-black, glassy to very fine-grained porous layer. Powder diffraction data for the fulgurite reveal the presence of cristobalite and quartz crystals in a glass matrix, suggesting that temperature exceeded ~1700 °C at near atmospheric conditions, assuming thermodynamic equilibrium. Electron probe microanalysis of the glass revealed that it is mainly composed of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 and that it has a porosity of 5–7 area% in the studied zones. The presence of the amorphous phase indicates that the abrupt electrical (Joule) heating of the rock surface yielded high temperatures, producing a thin melt layer on the surface, which then cooled adiabatically. Idealized physical model was developed to simulate the effects of Joule heating and subsequent thermal conduction close to the rock surface during and after a lightning strike. The quantity of organic matter in the glass, obtained via Elemental Analyzer, suggests that rapid quenching of the melt trapped NO x and CO x gases produced during heating. Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules, which, combined with the Elemental Analyzer data, suggest that organic matter was pyrolyzed at around 300–350 °C and then trapped in the glass matrix of the studied rock fulgurites.
Deflating the Determination Argument

This article argues for the compatibility of deflationism and truth-conditional semantic theories. I begin by focusing on an argument due to Dorit Bar-On, Claire Horisk, and Willian Lycan for incompatibility, arguing that their argument relies on an ambiguity between two senses of the expression ‘is at least.’ I go on to show how the disambiguated arguments have different consequences for the deflationist, and argue that no conclusions are established that the deflationist cannot accommodate. I then respond to some objections and gesture at a more general defense of the compatibility claim.
Workplace Lactation Programs in Small WIC Service Sites: A Potential Model

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has an opportunity to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding by implementing and modeling workplace lactation programs in small WIC agencies that may have barriers regarding the lack of both human and financial resources. The goal of this article was to describe effective strategies for agency administrators in small WIC service sites so that they can reduce barriers, successfully implement workplace lactation policies and programs, and model successful strategies for other small employers.
Questions + answers + agency: Interactive touchscreens and Children's learning from a socio-emotional TV story

Abstract Media interactivity has been characterized by three elements: turn-taking, responsiveness, and agency. This experiment examined the effects of successively adding each component to a socio-emotional TV narrative for a preschool-aged audience. Ninety-seven 3- to 5-year-olds were randomly assigned to watch one of four versions of an animated show teaching the virtues of honesty (with 0–3 interactivity components) or to watch a control episode. Relative to non-interactive viewing, full interactivity (but not partial interactivity) improved children's recognition and labeling of characters' emotions and lies/truths, and it indirectly enhanced their comprehension of the narrative's moral lesson. However, interactivity only minimally improved children's ability to transfer episode-specific learning of socio-emotional content to novel and more realistic contexts.
Trade Adjusts Gradually After Trade Liberalization

In recent years, the impact of international trade liberalization on economic outcomes such as output, investment, and employment has been at the forefront of political and economic discussions.
Self-Monitoring as a Strategy to Increase Student Teachers' Use of Effective Teaching Practices:

Student teachers in classrooms for students with moderate-severe disabilities used self-monitoring to increase their use of effective teaching strategies. In the first study, the participant videot...
Chemical Process Analysis and Design for Multiparticle Systems

Many important metallurgical unit operations involve chemical reactions between solid particles and one or more components of a fluid phase. Leaching, roasting, gaseous reduction, and other gas-solid reactions are examples. Most commonly, the particles were produced by previous grinding and particle-size classification operations, usually on minerals.
Defining “Severe” Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Emphasizing an Integrated Approach

Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with poor outcomes, but its correction does not reverse the underlying left ventricular (LV) pathology or improve the prognosis. The recently published American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on valvular heart disease generated considerable controversy by revising the definition of severe secondary MR from an effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) of 0.4 to 0.2 cm(2), and from a regurgitant volume (RVol) of 60 to 30 ml. This paper reviews hydrodynamic determinants of MR severity, showing that EROA and RVol values associated with severe MR depend on LV volume. This explains disparities in the evidence associating a lower EROA threshold with suboptimal survival. Redefining MR severity purely on EROA or RVol may cause significant clinical problems. As the guidelines emphasize, defining severe MR requires careful integration of all echocardiographic and clinical data, as measurement of EROA is imprecise and poorly reproducible.
Or to the People: Popular Sovereignty and the Power to Choose a Government

To protect state sovereignty, contemporary textualism has reinvigorated the Tenth Amendment as a judicially enforceable limit on federal powers. However, in casting the Tenth Amendment as the states’ rights amendment, these textualists have inexplicably glossed over the Tenth Amendment’s final four words, which reserve powers to “the people.” This Article highlights this inconsistency and argues that this omission ignores a vital structural protection against federal and state tyranny. Viewed through the same textualism that reinvigorated state sovereignty, the Tenth Amendment’s final words cannot be redundant or superfluous but rather define and protect the people as a sovereign body capable of wielding specific powers — particularly those powers that the Constitution places beyond the reach of our governments. Primarily, the Tenth Amendment protects that power which is at the heart of popular sovereignty as well as the foundation of our democracy, the power of the people to choose their government. The Tenth Amendment ought to protect popular sovereignty — as it protects state sovereignty — by serving as a source for robust judicial review of federal and state laws that infringe on popular sovereignty. Recognizing this overlooked portion of the Tenth Amendment could alter current legal doctrine surrounding voting rights by treating free, fair, and accessible elections as a matter of competing sovereign powers rather than individual voting rights. By ignoring the people in the Tenth Amendment, American jurisprudence has ignored a vital structural protection against federal and state tyranny and risked government-driven erosion of democracy in America.
Comparison of free surface flow measurements and smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulation for potential nuclear power plant flooding simulation

Abstract Flooding is a potential concern for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) and, as demonstrated at Fukushima Japan in 2011, can cause extensive damage. Given the flooding concern in NPPs, research is underway to better characterize plant vulnerabilities and the associated risk. Improved NPP flooding risk characterization starts with improving the realism of scenarios by using physics-based flooding simulations. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is one method for modeling fluid flow and is being investigated for NPP flooding event simulation. However, for flooding scenarios to be effectively represented, SPH results need to be validated with physical (experimental) results to determine the accuracy of the simulation code. This paper provides a comparison of SPH results with experimental results associated with steady-state flow over an ogee spillway. The SPH code used for this validation activity is the developmental code Neutrino. The goal of this comparison is to determine Neutrino’s ability to model free surface flow for incorporation into NPP flooding scenario simulations. A Neutrino model was constructed and optimized by conducting parametric studies on model width and SPH-particle diameter. The results using a model width of 4 m and a particle diameter of 0.35 m provided relative percent errors from 1.5% to 11.7% for ten different flow measurements. Results from this SPH comparison provide sufficient basis for further investigation of applying SPH for NPP flooding simulations. The comparison results also demonstrate the need for development of model optimization guidance.
Surgery versus surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy for T4 colon cancer.

673Background: There is no randomized prospective evidence to clarify the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in localized colon cancer. Despite this, national consensus guidelines recommend that adjuvan...
A Windowed Digraph Fourier Transform

We propose a methodology to carry out vertex-frequency analyses of graph signals, with the goal of unveiling the signal’s frequency occupancy over a localized region in the network. To this end, we first introduce localized graph signals in the vertex domain, by defining windows that are localized around each node by construction. Recent directed graph Fourier transform (DGFT) advances facilitate the frequency analysis of said localized signals, to reveal the signal’s energy distribution in a way akin to a spectrogram in the vertex-frequency plane. We then learn a set of windows by applying gradient descent method to an optimization problem governed by penalty parameters in the spectral domain. We also argue about the tradeoff between the resolution in the vertex and frequency domains based on the said parameters. We evaluate the performance of the proposed windowed GFT approach through numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world graphs.
Investigating ultrasound-induced acoustic softening in aluminum and its alloys

Ultrasonic vibration has been observed to lower the flow stress necessary to initiate plastic deformation, a phenomenon known as "acoustic softening". This unique effect of ultrasound has been extensively applied in welding, machining, forming of metals, and ultrasonic additive manufacturing to lower the yield stress necessary to initiate plastic deformation, it nevertheless lacks fundamental investigation. Some prior studies showed experimental errors due to the design of experimental setups and the associated testing methods that have been introduced, leading to questions about their observations and conclusions. Therefore, an experimental setup described in this paper is designed to minimize the constraints identified from the setups in prior studies. Three types of aluminum are studied: Al 1100-O a commercially pure aluminum, Al 6061-O an aluminum alloy without precipitate strengthening, and Al 6061-T6 a precipitate-strengthened aluminum alloy. The acoustic softening and residual effect are compared based on the similarities and differences in microstructures of the three types of aluminum. In both acoustic softening and residual effect, linear relations are obtained between stress change and ultrasound intensities. The slope defined by the linear relations, i.e. the acoustic softening factor, depends on the microstructure of the specific material. The underlying mechanism of acoustic softening is associated with the activation of dislocations by ultrasonic energy and subsequently their interactions with other dislocations and precipitates, whereas the residual effects are attributed to the permanent changes in dislocation density due to dislocation annihilation, dynamic annealing, and dislocation-precipitate interaction.
Inviting Introspection:Intentions for Ethical Engagement in Practice

The practice of medicine is full of ethical challenges. Although ethical principles and organizational formats can help clinicians manage these challenges, they do not necessarily help them develop the routine habit of bringing a focused ethical attentiveness to every patient encounter. In this article, the author—a seasoned generalist practitioner—describes how he has personally worked to cultivate this habit by holding in mind four introspective intentions. These intentions are aimed at alleviating suffering, promoting dignity, recognizing interdependency, and advancing wisdom, respectively. The author presents these intentions, reviews some benefits by which they enhance his work, and discusses some concerns they pose. He concludes by inviting other health care professionals and bioethical specialists to consider integrating intentions into their own clinical and consultative practices.
Manufacturing Invisibility in “the Field”: Distributed Ethics, Wearable Technologies, and the Case of Exercise Physiology

Exercise physiology has been reflecting and reconfiguring science and sport for over a century. Since the late nineteenth century, physiologists have investigated “exercising” motions, like running, walking, and bicycling, in both laboratory and field studies. Because these scientists move between their labs and what they consider “the field,” including spaces of athletic training and competition, exercise physiology offers an exciting case to answer questions relevant to both Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Sport Studies: How do exercise physiologists transform sporting spaces into sites of scientific experiment? How are competing athletes enrolled as research subjects, and how do they experience the research encounter? Do scientists consider the knowledge produced about human physiology in sporting spaces more or less “real” than their laboratory-generated data? Drawing from seven months of transnational ethnographic research, this chapter follows physiologists within and between their labs and their fields. Ethnographic data suggest that, in contrast to inhabiting a rather dramatic role in the laboratory, exercise physiologists manufacture their own invisibility in the field—such that athletes may not sense they are subjects of scientific research. The chapter illustrates how exercise physiologists manufacture this “invisibility” through two distinct mechanisms, one social and the other technical.
Experimental study of fire spread through discontinuous fuels without flame contact

There is a strong need to increase the basic understanding of the propagation mechanisms in wildfires to improve the scientific tools needed for firefighting and fire prevention. This study focuses on the fire spread mechanisms by radiation. Three contiguous trees were ignited and the mechanisms leading to flame spread to a target tree were analyzed. The experiments were designed to avoid fire spread by flame contact and study how radiation heat transfer could ignite the target tree. Different measurements were performed, including heat fluxes, temperature and mass loss rate. The vegetation was characterized in details by using terrestrial laser scan reconstruction. The analysis of the experimental results provides a detailed description of the competing mechanisms leading to an ignition or a lack of ignition of the target tree.
93. A NOVEL FOOD AS MEDICINE CURRICULUM INCREASES COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AMONG PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS

Background A poor diet now outranks smoking as the leading cause of death globally. Much of the work to increase healthy food access is done by local non-profits. This creates a need for partnership between pediatricians and community advocates. Design/Methods The Food as Medicine curriculum (FAMC) was piloted as a 4-week elective September 2019. The FAMC comprised of (1) Exposure to food systems: Visits with various local organizations each addressing a different facet of the food system. Experiences included discussions with policy makers, gardening, participation at farmer's markets, and a tour at a food recovery center. (2) Self-directed learning time: multi-media resources addressing the basic tenets of nutrition. (3) Cooking sessions at teaching kitchens. (4) Interactive small group discussions with local experts about different facets of pediatric nutrition. Results 7 pediatric residents took the elective. The FAMC was evaluated using mixed methodology: pre/post-elective surveys and qualitative data via focus groups and open-ended survey questions. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed a significant increase in the knowledge of local community resources for nutrition and wellness (p=0.016). Focus group discussions were recorded. Curriculum leaders analyzed transcripts using constant comparative methodology until codes were agreed upon and organized into themes. The most common themes: ‘Positive impact on resident-patient interactions,’ and ‘residents choosing and enjoying healthier food.’ For example, below is a representative quote in response to if this elective will change future practice: “Yes! Loved hearing about the many community resources available in Denver that exist to improve access to healthy food for ourselves and for our patients. Will definitely be using them more [...] and also refer my patients.” Conclusions The FAMC highlighted the need and feasibility of a formal nutrition curriculum for pediatric residents encompassing the food system as a whole. Resident engagement with local non-profits led to improved personal wellness and confidence in nutrition discussions with patients.
Evaluation of an herbal therapy to alleviate acute pain and stress of disbudded dairy calves under organic management

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate a herbal therapy used in place of standard synthetic analgesia to mitigate disbudding pain of dairy calves. For this experiment, 54 calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) local anesthetic lidocaine given as a cornual nerve block before cautery disbudding (AD); 2) sham disbudding (SD); or 3) herbal tincture (Dull It, Dr. Paul's Lab, Mazomanie, WI) composed of white willow (Salix alba L.) bark, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), arnica (Arnica montana L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) administered orally before and after cautery disbudding (TD). Behaviors were assessed during disbudding, and behaviors and blood plasma cortisol concentrations were assessed following disbudding. Tail wag, head movement, forcing ahead, and kick rates recorded during disbudding were similar among treatments. When averaged across the 360-min observation period following disbudding, injury-directed behavioral rates of head jerks, head shakes, horn bud scratches, and head rubs were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for calves in the AD group than calves in the SD group, calves in the TD group had greater (P < 0.01) horn bud scratch and head rub rates compared to calves in the SD group, and calves in the AD group had a greater (P < 0.01) horn bud scratch rate than calves in the TD group. Calves in the AD group took 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0 to 2.4, P = 0.03] times longer to lie down after disbudding compared to calves in the TD group. Serum cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.01) for calves in the TD group compared to calves in the SD group at 10, 30, and 90 min after disbudding. At 30 min after disbudding, calves in the AD group had 5.8 ng/mL (95% CI = -1.1 to 12.7 ng/mL, P = 0.02) greater serum cortisol compared to calves in the SD group, while calves in the TD group had 14.3 ng/mL (95% CI = 1.5 to 27.1 ng/mL, P < 0.01) greater serum cortisol than calves in the AD group. In conclusion, neither the local anesthetic lidocaine nor the orally administered herbal tincture attenuated both acute injury-directed behaviors and blood plasma cortisol concentrations in disbudded calves, and the tincture was clearly less effective at mitigating cortisol; therefore, additional analgesic may be required to properly manage disbudding pain effectively.
Simultaneous and non-simultaneous quenching for a coupled semilinear parabolic system in a $ n $-dimensional ball with singular localized sources

In this paper, we investigate a coupled semilinear parabolic system with singular localized sources at the point $ x_{0} $: $ u_{t}-\Delta u = af\left(v\left(x_{0}, t\right) \right) $, $ v_{t}-\Delta v = bg\left(u\left(x_{0}, t\right) \right) $ for $ x\in B_{1}\left(x_{0}\right) $ and $ t\in \left(0, T\right) $ with the Dirichlet boundary condition, where $ a $ and $ b $ are positive real numbers, $ B_{1}\left(x_{0}\right) $ is a $ n $-dimensional ball with the center and radius being $ x_{0} $ and $ 1 $, and the nonlinear sources $ f $ and $ g $ are positive functions such that they are unbounded when $ u $ and $ v $ tend to a positive constant $ c $, respectively. We prove that the solution $ \left(u, v\right) $ quenches simultaneously and non-simultaneously under some sufficient conditions.
Abstract 2573: The anticancer effects of the vitamin E isoform, γ-tocotrienol, and vitamin D3 act synergistically to inhibit MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation and viability in vitro

Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary intake of some natural products may be effective in reducing the risk of breast cancer. Furthermore, various phytochemicals have been shown to interfere with cell signaling pathways involved in regulating breast cancer cell proliferation and viability. γ-Tocotrienol is a natural isoform of vitamin E that displays potent anticancer activity against a variety of cancer cell types at treatment doses that have little or no effect on normal cell growth or viability. Vitamin D3 is an abundant phytochemical which also displays potent antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity against human breast cancer cells. Studies were conducted to examine the effects of γ-tocotrienol and vitamin D3 given alone or in combination on MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cellular proliferation, migration, colony formation, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Results showed that combined treatment with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol (8 μM) and vitamin D3 (10 nM) synergistically inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells, as determined by the MTT assay and isobologram analysis. Additional studies indicated that this combination treatment resulted in a significant inhibition in cancer cell migration and a significant reduction in cancer cell colony formation. Studies using the Matrigel invasion assay showed that combined treatment with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol and vitamin D3, significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 invasiveness. Flow cytometry analysis showed that similar combined treatment of γ-tocotrienol and vitamin D3 significantly increased the percentage of cells found in G0/G1 phase, as compared to cells in the vehicle-treated control group. After 4 days of combined treatment with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol and vitamin D3, the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle increased to 55% (p Citation Format: Md. R. Anwar, A.K.M.N. Hossian, Georgios Matthaiolampakis, Paul W. Sylvester. The anticancer effects of the vitamin E isoform, γ-tocotrienol, and vitamin D3 act synergistically to inhibit MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation and viability in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2573.
Modified Pediatric ASPECTS: Building Tools for Future Pediatric Stroke Studies.

The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a quick and reliable semiquantitative tool to estimate the size of an acute ischemic infarct on a noncontrast head CT.1 Ten brain regions in the middle cerebral artery territory are evaluated, with 1 point subtracted for each infarcted region; total scores range from 0 to 10. Lower ASPECTS, indicating larger infarct burden, has been associated with higher risk of hemorrhagic transformation and worse outcomes in adult patients with stroke2 and is one criterion considered in the assessment of eligibility for thrombectomy. A version of this scoring system, the modified pediatric ASPECTS (modASPECTS), was developed to measure infarct size in children using diffusion-weighted sequences on MRI.3 For modASPECTS, 30 regions are scored, including areas of the anterior and posterior cerebral artery territories in addition to the middle cerebral artery territory.4 One point is added for each area involved, resulting in a score from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating more areas of infarct.
A Dynamic Watermarking Algorithm for Finite Markov Decision Problems

Dynamic watermarking, as an active intrusion detection technique, can potentially detect replay attacks, spoofing attacks, and deception attacks in the feedback channel for control systems. In this paper, we develop a novel dynamic watermarking algorithm for finite-state finite-action Markov decision processes and present upper bounds on the mean time between false alarms, and the mean delay between the time an attack occurs and when it is detected. We further compute the sensitivity of the performance of the control system as a function of the watermark. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic watermarking algorithm by detecting a spoofing attack in a sensor network system.
Distributed quota enforcement for spam control

Spam, by overwhelming inboxes, has made email a less reliable medium than it was just a few years ago. Spam filters are undeniably useful but unfortunately can flag nonspam as spam. To restore email's reliability, a recent spam control approach grants quotas of stamps to senders and has the receiver communicate with a well-known quota enforcer to verify that the stamp on the email is fresh and to cancel the stamp to prevent reuse. The literature has several proposals based on this general idea but no complete system design and implementation that: scales to today's email load (which requires the enforcer to be distributed over many hosts and to tolerate faults in them), imposes minimal trust assumptions, resists attack, and upholds today's email privacy. This paper describes the design, implementation, analysis, and experimental evaluation of DQE, a spam control system that meets these challenges. DQE's enforcer occupies a point in the design spectrum notable for simplicity: mutually untrusting nodes implement a storage abstraction but avoid neighbor maintenance, replica maintenance, and heavyweight cryptography.