cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lattice simulations of phase morphology on lipid bilayers: Renormalization, membrane shape, and electrostatic dipole interactions

When liquid phases coexist at equilibrium but are not driven to minimize domain interfacial contact energy, the resulting patterns of phase domains can have important implications for living cells. In this study we explore some of the interactions and conditions that produce the stable patterned phases that are observed in model lipid mixtures. By use of Monte Carlo simulations we find that background curvature is important for the formation of patterned (modulated) phases. The interactions that stabilize nanoscopic phase separation are still not well understood. We show that inclusion of an electrostatic dipole repulsion with decay lengths as short as two to four lipid diameters can break up domains at the nanometer scale and that the location of the miscibility critical point is sensitive to this interaction. The use of a coarse-grained simulation raises questions about comparing parameters in simulations performed at different length scales. Using renormalization group techniques we show how to reconcile this problem, treating line tension as a running coupling constant.
To Switch or Not To Switch: Understanding Social Influence in Online Choices

The authors designed and ran an experiment to measure social influence in online recommender systems, specifically, how often people’s choices are changed by others’ recommendations when facing dif...
Adaptive Agent-Based System for Process Fault Diagnosis

An adaptive agent-based hierarchical framework for fault type classification and diagnosis in continuous chemical processes is presented. Classification techniques such as Fisher’s discriminant analysis (FDA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and diagnosis tools such as variable contribution plots are used by agents in this supervision system. After an abnormality is detected, the classification results reported by different diagnosis agents are summarized via a performance-based criterion, and a consensus diagnosis decision is formed. In the agent management layer of the proposed system, the performances of diagnosis agents are evaluated under different fault scenarios, and the collective performance of the supervision system is improved via performance-based consensus decision and adaptation. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive agent-based framework for the classification of faults is illustrated using a simulated continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) network.
Analysis of the Profit Quality in Listed Company

On the basis of cash flow statement,the evaluation index of the profit quality can be set up,which examines the degree of cash realization,analyzes and evaluates it quantitatively,determining the actual operating results of the company reflected in the accounting statement,which is a good reference for investors to make decisions.
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) exhibits frequent mutations in DNMT3A and activated signaling genes

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a heterogeneous group of poor-prognosis leukemias with immunophenotypic features of at least two cell lineages. The full spectrum of genetic mutations in this rare disease has not been elucidated, limiting our understanding of disease pathogenesis and our ability to devise targeted therapeutic strategies. Here, we sought to define the mutational landscape of MPAL by performing whole-exome sequencing on samples from 23 adult and pediatric MPAL patients. We identified frequent mutations of epigenetic modifiers, most notably mutations of DNMT3A, in 33% of adult MPAL patients. Mutations of activated signaling pathways, tumor suppressors, and transcription factors were also frequent. Importantly, many of the identified mutations are potentially therapeutically targetable, with agents currently available or in various stages of clinical development. Therefore, the mutational spectrum that we have identified provides potential biological insights and is likely to have clinical relevance for patients with this poor-prognosis disease.
Panabay Pride: A Conversation with Los Rakas

In this chapter, popular music scholar Petra Rivera-Rideau intersperses her analysis of the music of Los Rakas with an interview she conducted with them in April 2014. Los Rakas describe their music as “Panabay,” referencing their ties to both Panama and the San Francisco Bay Area. Central to their Panabay philosophy is a celebration of afrolatinidad that intervenes in the marginalization of blackness both in the USA and Panama. This chapter produces a new archive that accounts for a hitherto understudied experience of afrolatinidad in California.
Secondary Epileptogenesis and Brain Tumors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various aspects of secondary epileptogenesis and brain tumors. The concept of secondary epileptogenesis implies that an actively discharging epileptogenic region, having massive neuronal connections with another site, may gradually give rise to paroxysmal activity in that otherwise normal network. The results of the three tumor series and of factors affecting the development of secondary epileptogenesis in humans are presented. In 8 of the 26 tumor cases with bilateral independent epileptiform discharge, excision of the primary lesion did not result in resolution of either the electrographic or the clinical manifestations of secondary epileptogenesis. A regression analysis demonstrated that duration of illness was a linear predictor of the probability of developing a secondary focus. It is found that secondary epileptogenesis appears to be preferentially expressed in the young nervous system. It is reported that temporal lobe seizure patients with bilateral, independent interictal abnormalities had a longer duration of illness compared to those with unifocal spikes. The three tumor series reviewed stressed the major influence of a long duration of illness and a high frequency of attacks on the probability of developing a secondary epileptogenic lesion.
Global Business Partnerships and Sourcing Strategies

Global economic integration is happening rapidly in an unanticipated manner, whether it be through the ongoing formation of partnerships, alliances, co-production agreements, joint ventures, or other tools among leading firms (Ehrlich, 1997). One of the most notable business trends in recent years has been the surge in alliance formation. Globalization, escalating R"D expenses, shortening product life cycles, and convergence of technologies are often cited as important factors that contribute to this phenomenon (Hwang 1997). Strategic alliances represent a means for eager firms to pursue their individual strategies despite limited ressources in some areas. Even though strategic alliances are becoming increasingly important in today’s intensified competitive international business setting, they can, however, present a paradox because, by definition, strategic alliances involve the cooperation between two or more firms. Still, these firms are not necessarily after a quick solution to their ressource shortcomings, not are they impatient in their actions. Strategic alliances require, as they typically acknowledge, a long term viewpoint; a willingness to invest in a relationship (Lorange " Roos, 1993).
Organic contamination in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings at United States and binational Great Lakes Areas of Concern.

Contaminant exposure of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, nesting in 27 Areas of Concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes' basin was assessed from 2010 to 2014 to assist managers and regulators in their assessments of Great Lakes AOCs. Contaminant concentrations in nestlings from AOCs were compared to nestlings from nearby non-AOC sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in tree swallow nestling carcasses at 30% and 33% of AOCs were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in nestling stomach contents and perfluorinated compound (PFC) concentrations in nestling plasma at 67% and 64% of AOCs were below the mean concentration for non-AOCs. Concentrations of PCBs in nestling carcasses were elevated at some AOCs, but were modest compared to highly PCB-contaminated sites where reproductive effects have been documented. Concentrations of PAHs in diet were sufficiently elevated at some AOCs to elicit a measurable physiological response. Among AOCs, the PFC compound perfluorooctane sulfonate concentrations in plasma were the highest on the River Raisin, MI (geometric mean 330 ng/ml), but well below an estimated toxicity reference value (1,700 ng/ml). Both PAH and PCB concentrations in nestling stomach contents, and PCBs in carcasses, were significantly correlated with concentrations in sediment reported in another study, thereby reinforcing the utility of using tree swallows to assess bioavailability of sediment contamination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Tolerating Uncertainty — The Next Medical Revolution?

When we become obsessed with finding the right answer, at the risk of oversimplifying the richly iterative and evolutionary nature of clinical reasoning, the result is the very antithesis of humanistic, individualized patient-centered care.
Impact of the Affordable Care Act's Dependent Coverage Expansion on the Health Care and Health Status of Young Adults: What Do We Know So Far?

The dependent coverage expansion (DCE), a component of the Affordable Care Act, required private health insurance policies that cover dependents to offer coverage for policyholders’ children through age 25. This review summarizes peer-reviewed research on the impact of the DCE on the chain of consequences through which it could affect public health. Specifically, we examine the impact of the DCE on insurance coverage, access to care, utilization of care, and health status. All studies find that the DCE increased insurance coverage, but evidence regarding downstream impacts is inconsistent. There is evidence that the DCE reduced high out-of-pocket expenditures and frequent emergency room visits and increased behavioral health treatment. Evidence regarding the impact of the DCE on health is sparse but suggestive of positive impacts on self-rated health and health behavior. Inferences regarding the public health impact of the DCE await studies with greater methodological diversity and longer follow-up periods.
Security Threats and Countermeasures in Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Existing works on Three-dimensional (3D) hardware security focus on leveraging the unique 3D characteristics to address the supply chain attacks that exist in 2D design. However, 3D ICs introduce specific and unexplored challenges as well as new opportunities for managing hardware security. In this paper, we analyze new security threats unique to 3D ICs. The corresponding attack models are summarized for future research. Furthermore, existing representative countermeasures, including split manufacturing, camouflaging, transistor locking, techniques against thermal signal based side-channel attacks, and network-on-chip based shielding plane (NoCSIP) for different hardware threats are reviewed and categorized. Moreover, preliminary countermeasures are proposed to thwart TSV-based hardware Trojan insertion attacks.
Two-and-a-half-year clinical experience with the world's first magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy system.

Abstract Purpose Magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy (MR-IGRT) has been used at our institution since 2014. We report on more than 2 years of clinical experience in treating patients with the world's first MR-IGRT system. Methods and materials A clinical service was opened for MR-IGRT in January 2014 with an MR-IGRT system consisting of a split 0.35T magnetic resonance scanner that straddles a ring gantry with 3 multileaf collimator-equipped 60 Co heads. The service was expanded to include online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) MR-IGRT and cine gating after 6 and 9 months, respectively. Patients selected for MR-IGRT were enrolled in a prospective registry between January 2014 and June 2016. Patients were treated with a variety of radiation therapy techniques including intensity modulated radiation therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). When applicable, online ART was performed and gating on sagittal 2-dimensional cine MR was used. The charts of patients treated with MR-IGRT were reviewed to report on the clinical and treatment characteristics of the initial patients who were treated with this novel technique. Results A total of 316 patients have been treated with the MR-IGRT system, which has been integrated into a high-volume clinic. The cases were most commonly selected for improved soft tissue visualization, ART, and cine gating. Seventy-six patients were treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, 146 patients with intensity modulated radiation therapy, and 94 patients with SBRT. The most commonly treated disease sites were the abdomen (28%), breast (26%), pelvis (22%), thorax (19%), and head and neck (5%). Sixty-seven patients were treated with online ART over a total of 244 adapted fractions. Cine treatment gating was used for a total of 81 patients. Conclusions MR-IGRT has been successfully implemented in a high-volume radiation clinic and provides unique advantages in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Additional clinical trials are in development to formally evaluate MR-IGRT in the treatment of multiple disease sites with techniques such as SBRT and ART.
Generating Performance Models for Irregular Applications

Many applications have irregular behavior — e.g., input-dependent solvers, irregular memory accesses, or unbiased branches — that cannot be captured using today's automated performance modeling techniques. We describe new hierarchical critical path analyses for the Palm model generation tool. To obtain a good tradeoff between model accuracy, generality, and generation cost, we combine static and dynamic analysis. To create a model's outer structure, we capture tasks along representative MPI critical paths. We create a histogram of critical tasks with parameterized task arguments and instance counts. To model each task, we identify hot instruction-level paths and model each path based on data flow, data locality, and microarchitectural constraints. We describe application models that generate accurate predictions for strong scaling when varying CPU speed, cache and memory speed, microarchitecture, and (with supervision) input data class. Our models' errors are usually below 8%; and always below 13%.
Epilepsy-related romantic and sexual relationship problems and concerns: Indications from Internet message boards.

Abstract The objective of this study was to, utilizing a Big Data set and innovative methods, explore romantic and sexual relationship-related concerns among people with epilepsy and their partners. We applied Word Adjacency Graph modeling to more than 2000 message board posts, and five distinct categories of romantic and sexual relationship-related concerns emerged. We conclude that persons with epilepsy are at particular risk for the experience of decrements in their romantic and sexual relationships, which can negatively impact their self-management and overall health.
Climate Change and the Politics of Military Bases

How does climate change affect the politics of military bases? The United States alone has hundreds of overseas bases that require continuous coordination with host governments. I argue that climate change can create knock-on environmental problems associated with a base’s infrastructure or waste. Those knock-on problems create a mix of subnational, international, and transnational political contestation that raises the political costs of overseas bases and could even rupture an international relationship. I probe the plausibility of the theoretical framework using new evidence from Greenland. Between 1953 and 1967, the US Army maintained secret bases in Greenland as precursors for a nuclear ballistic missile complex. The bases were eventually abandoned, leaving considerable waste behind. Climate change is now poised to remobilize these pollutants into the surface water, creating a risk for human settlements. The case could be the proverbial canary in the coal mine for future politics surrounding overseas military bases.
Acknowledgement and support matter: A brief report on gender identity and sexual orientation at a large, urban university.

Objective. To examine reporting trends of students identifying as LGBTQIA+ following changes made to the ACHA-NCHA-II survey about gender identity and sexual orientation.Methods. Data were analyzed...
Asymptotic Frequency Synchronization of Kuramoto Model by Step Force

This paper explains how network topology acts as a control variable for the asymptotic frequency synchronization of the Kuramoto model with finite oscillators. We first investigate the stability of asymptotic frequency synchronization in the Kuramoto model with step force generated by topology switching. We derive a sufficient condition for the asymptotic synchronization. Interestingly, the stability implies that with no constraint on the phase differences or the coupling strength, the asymptotic frequency synchronization can be achieved under certain topology-switching signals. Then, based on the stability of asymptotic frequency synchronization, two triggered topology-switching algorithms are proposed. The step force together with the topology-switching algorithm work as a new frequency synchronization algorithm. Compared with the existing results, the merit of the proposed frequency synchronization algorithms is that they have no constraint on the magnitude of the coupling strength or the phase differences. Simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
The PCS Nitrogen Case: A Chilling Effect on Prospective Contaminated Land Purchases

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) requires that all potentially responsible parties, including current and former land owners, contribute to the costs of cleanup of contaminated property. CERCLA includes a provision that grants bona fide prospective purchaser (BFPP) status and exemption from liability to land owners if liability under CERCLA is based solely on owning the land. In PCS Nitrogen v. Ashley II of Charleston, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit refused to grant BFPP status to Ashley II and suggested that a high standard of due care is required to obtain such status. This Comment argues that the court’s decision, and its suggestion that a high standard of due care is necessary to avoid liability, will make it more difficult for purchasers of contaminated land to avoid joint and several liability under CERCLA. The court’s decision will deter businesses from purchasing contaminated land with the intention of remediation and redevelopment.
Effects of rotenone on aquatic invertebrate communities in prairie wetlands

We assessed the effects of rotenone on aquatic invertebrate communities by comparing four prairie wetlands treated with rotenone to four control sites. Data collected one week before and three weeks after treatment in the fall of 1998 were paired to assess short-term effects, while data collected in spring 1998 and spring 1999 were paired to assess longer-term effects and recovery rates. Data were collected on 14 taxa of benthic invertebrates collected in Ekman grab samples, and 23 taxa of planktonic-nektonic invertebrates collected in water-column samples. Each data set was analyzed separately with redundancy analysis to assess effects in the two habitats sampled. Significant short-term effects were detected on invertebrates in the water column and abundance of several taxonomic groups declined sharply after treatment. The greatest declines were observed in zooplankton abundance; effects on macroinvertebrates were much less pronounced. Suppression of water-column taxa was short-lived, as significant effects were no longer evident during May 1999. In contrast, no significant short-term effect was evident in the benthic taxa. Our results indicate that fall applications of rotenone may briefly suppress plankton communities, but effects are short-lived. From a fisheries management perspective, fall applications may minimize effects on invertebrate communities and facilitate rapid recovery.
PANEL: Advisory Board - R&M in the Second Machine Age - The Challenge of Cyber Physical Systems

The RAMS® Advisory Board consists of high level representatives of the aerospace, defense, automotive, industrial, computer, R&D, and academic communities. This year's panel is a look ahead to the theme for the 2019 Symposium, R&M In The Second Machine Age -The Challenge of Cyber Physical Systems. The RAMS Advisory Board addresses this topical issue and responds to attendee questions and comments. The following selections illustrate the views to be discussed in this session
Modeling infants’ perceptual narrowing to musical rhythms: neural oscillation and Hebbian plasticity

Previous research suggests that infants' perception of musical rhythm is fine-tuned to culture-specific rhythmic structures over the first postnatal year of human life. To date, however, little is known about the neurobiological principles that may underlie this process. In the current study, we used a dynamical systems model featuring neural oscillation and Hebbian plasticity to simulate infants' perceptual learning of culture-specific musical rhythms. First, we demonstrate that oscillatory activity in an untrained network reflects the rhythmic structure of either a Western or a Balkan training rhythm in a veridical fashion. Next, during a period of unsupervised learning, we show that the network learns the rhythmic structure of either a Western or a Balkan training rhythm through the self-organization of network connections. Finally, we demonstrate that the learned connections affect the networks' response to violations to the metrical structure of native and nonnative rhythms, a pattern of findings that mirrors the behavioral data on infants' perceptual narrowing to musical rhythms.
Synthesis of (Os(NH3)5(η2‐TMB))2+: A Valuable Precursor for Pentaammineosmium(II) Chemistry.

The Os(III) complex (I) reacts with the sterically hindered arene (II) in the presence of activated magnesium to the title complex (III), which can be stored for several weeks at 0 °C as a solid under argon.
Not all protected bike lanes are the same: Infrastructure and risk of cyclist collisions and falls leading to emergency department visits in three U.S. cities.

Abstract Objective Protected bike lanes separated from the roadway by physical barriers are relatively new in the United States. This study examined the risk of collisions or falls leading to emergency department visits associated with bicycle facilities (e.g., protected bike lanes, conventional bike lanes demarcated by painted lines, sharrows) and other roadway characteristics in three U.S. cities. Methods We prospectively recruited 604 patients from emergency departments in Washington, DC; New York City; and Portland, Oregon during 2015–2017 who fell or crashed while cycling. We used a case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to compare each fall or crash site with a randomly selected control location along the route leading to the incident. We validated the presence of site characteristics described by participants using Google Street View and city GIS inventories of bicycle facilities and other roadway features. Results Compared with cycling on lanes of major roads without bicycle facilities, the risk of crashing or falling was lower on conventional bike lanes (adjusted OR = 0.53; 95 % CI = 0.33, 0.86) and local roads with (adjusted OR = 0.31; 95 % CI = 0.13, 0.75) or without bicycle facilities or traffic calming (adjusted OR = 0.39; 95 % CI = 0.23, 0.65). Protected bike lanes with heavy separation (tall, continuous barriers or grade and horizontal separation) were associated with lower risk (adjusted OR = 0.10; 95 % CI = 0.01, 0.95), but those with lighter separation (e.g., parked cars, posts, low curb) had similar risk to major roads when one way (adjusted OR = 1.19; 95 % CI = 0.46, 3.10) and higher risk when they were two way (adjusted OR = 11.38; 95 % CI = 1.40, 92.57); this risk increase was primarily driven by one lane in Washington. Risk increased in the presence of streetcar or train tracks relative to their absence (adjusted OR = 26.65; 95 % CI = 3.23, 220.17), on downhill relative to flat grades (adjusted OR = 1.92; 95 % CI = 1.38, 2.66), and when temporary features like construction or parked cars blocked the cyclist’s path relative to when they did not (adjusted OR = 2.23; 95 % CI = 1.46, 3.39). Conclusions Certain bicycle facilities are safer for cyclists than riding on major roads. Protected bike lanes vary in how well they shield riders from crashes and falls. Heavier separation, less frequent intersections with roads and driveways, and less complexity appear to contribute to reduced risk in protected bike lanes. Future research should systematically examine the characteristics that reduce risk in protected lanes to guide design. Planners should minimize conflict points when choosing where to place protected bike lanes and should implement countermeasures to increase visibility at these locations when they are unavoidable.
"Narcan encounters:" overdose and naloxone rescue experiences among people who use opioids.

Background: Communities across the United States are confronting the precipitous rise in opioid overdose fatalities that has occurred over the past decade. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is a safe rescue medication that laypeople can administer to reverse an overdose. Community naloxone training programs have been well-documented. Less is known about overdose survivors' subjective experiences with naloxone reversal and its impacts on drug use behavior. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 community-dwelling adults who had been reversed at least once with naloxone. Inductive thematic content analysis incorporating Atlas.ti software was used to identify themes. Results: Four broad thematic categories were identified. (1) Overdose experience and memory: Most participants remembered taking the drugs one minute and waking up the next-sometimes in different surroundings; (2) Naloxone rescue-waking up: Participants described acute withdrawal symptoms, disorientation, and volatile emotions; (3) Reasons for overdose: Polypharmacy; changes in opioid tolerance, or presence of fentanyl were the most common explanations. (4) Impacts of naloxone rescue: A variety of contextual factors influenced participants' responses to naloxone rescue, especially acute withdrawal symptoms. While some participants altered or tempered their opioid use, others resumed opioid use-especially to mitigate withdrawal. Participants overwhelmingly emphasized that naloxone saved their lives. Conclusion: Results suggest that a naloxone rescue may not be a wake-up call for many people who use opioids, but access to naloxone is an effective overdose harm reduction option, supporting its widespread implementation. The study findings underscore the importance of ongoing community overdose prevention and harm reduction initiatives, including take-home naloxone (THN) and medication assisted treatment in the Emergency Department.
Congenital Atrial Haemangioma

Introduction Primary cardiac tumours are rare. We report the first known case of congenital cardiac haemangioma in Ireland. Case A neonate presented with symptoms arising from a congenital atrial haemangioma on day three of life. The mass was successfully excised via median sternotomy and bicaval cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient was discharged day ten postoperatively and remained well at one year follow-up. Discussion The degree of debulking surgery required varies depending on tumour type. This report serves to aid clinicians in accurately suspecting, investigating and diagnosing patients with cardiac tumours.
Trends in Location of Death in Patients With Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

Aortic dissections and aneurysms (ADA) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and location of death for these patients is important in determining impact on end of life care. We a...
Voting by Mail and Ballot Rejection: Lessons from Florida for Elections in the Age of the Coronavirus

The COVID-19 pandemic and its concomitant need for social distancing have increased the attractiveness of voting by mail. This form of voting is nonetheless not a panacea for election administratio...
Do Emotions, Nature Relatedness, and Conservation Concern Influence Students’ Evaluations of Arguments about Biodiversity Conservation?

Understanding human treatment towards nature provides insight into mitigating human induced environmental issues. This study determines whether individuals’ relationships with nature (NR), emotions experienced during evidence evaluation, and conservation concern drive evaluation of scientific arguments made about biodiversity conservation. Although we predicted that participants with strong NR would exhibit motivated reasoning, resulting in strong argument-evaluation skills as they evaluate an anti-conservation argument, we found that participants’ emotions during evidence evaluation were more predictive of their argument-evaluation skills. Further, participants with either low or high conservation concern demonstrated better argumentation skills. These findings suggest that while fostering strong relationships with nature may be important, of greater importance is to address emotions experienced when evaluating evidence. Furthermore, this study indicates a possibility that one’s reasoning about arguments made about biodiversity conservation may be motivated by how important one deems conservation to be.
A prospective pilot study to assess the impact of the etonogestrel implant on postpartum depression

To assess the feasibility of comparing the rates of positive depression screens at 6 weeks and 3 months postpartum in women using immediate postpartum etonogestrel implant (ENG-implant) and women u...
THE SEARCH FOR DARK MATTER (WIMPs): AT LOW MASS AND WITH NEW METHODS

We briefly review the constraints on the search for low mass WIMPs (<15 GeV) and the various experimental methods. These experiments depend on the response of detectors to low energy signals (less than 15 keV equivalent energy). We then describe recent fits to the data and attempt to determine Leff, the energy response at low energy. We find that the use of a liquid Xenon two-phase detector that employs the S2 data near threshold is the most sensitive current study of the low mass region. We rely on some talks at Dark Matter 2010.
The Impact of a Recently Approved Automated Insulin Delivery System on Glycemic, Sleep, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.

Background:Older adults with type 1 diabetes (≥65 years) are often under-represented in clinical trials of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. We sought to test the efficacy of a recently FDA...
Rules for Dividing a Disputed Resource in the Context of the Classical Liberal Argument for Peace

Author(s): Garfinkel, Michelle R; Constantinos, Syropoulos | Abstract: In this paper, we study alternative forms of conflict resolution, both peaceful and non-peaceful, between two countries that compete for claims to a resource used to produce potentially traded goods. Consistent with the classical liberal argument, peace supports mutually beneficial trade, whereas war preempts it. War always induces countries to allocate resources into non-contractible arming (“guns”) for superiority in conflict. Under peaceful settlement, countries might choose to arm as well for gaining leverage in negotiations, but arming is typically less than what it is under war. Building on the observation that arming itself affects the countries’ bargaining sets, we compare the efficiency properties of division rules generated by three prominent bargaining solutions – namely, splitting the surplus, equal sacrifice, and Nash bargaining – and show how they depend on the gains from trade.
Urinary symptoms in women with faecal incontinence.

AIM Faecal incontinence (FI) is estimated to affect 8.9% of women in the United States, with a significant impact on quality of life. Our aim was to compare urinary symptoms in patients with and without FI with different degrees of severity. METHODS This prospective cohort of women presented for care at a pelvic floor disorder centre between May 2007 and January 2019. We excluded women with a history of bowel resection, prior history of pelvic organ prolapse surgery or existing prolapse symptoms reported by the patient during intake. The primary outcome was the presence of urinary symptoms in women with and without FI by validated questionnaires. A logistic regression model for association of urinary symptoms with FI was performed, adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, prior hysterectomy and irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS A total of 2932 met inclusion criteria, and of these 1404 (47.89%) reported FI. In the univariate analysis, patients with FI were more likely to have urgency urinary incontinence (P = 0.01) or mixed urinary incontinence (P < 0.001), report nocturnal enuresis (P < 0.001) or have leakage of urine during sex (P < 0.001). In an adjusted model, FI was associated with concurrent stress (adjusted OR 1.28, P = 0.034), urgency (adjusted OR 1.52, P < 0.001) and mixed incontinence (adjusted OR 1.94, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In women with pelvic floor disorders, the presence of FI is associated with a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor specialists should assess urinary incontinence symptoms along with the presence and severity of FI to provide comprehensive care and guide appropriate therapy.
How International Diversification and Industrial Diversification Affect CEOs Long-Term Compensation?

This study examine CEOs long-term compensation for 2448 CEOs from 1997 through 2002 and to explore whether or not the independent variables (international diversification, industrial diversification, market-based performance, accounting-based performance, investment opportunities, firm size, and stock ownership) was associated with CEOs long-term compensation. Corporate diversification is separated into an international diversification and industrial diversification for this study. Based on agency and expectancy theories, this study tests and hypotheses related to corporate diversification being associated with the CEOs long-term compensation. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between CEOs long-term compensation and the independent variables - international diversification, industrial diversification, investment opportunities, firm size, firm performance and stock ownership. This study builds upon the previous studies to identify other variable not previously considered, which may effect corporate diversification (international diversification and industrial diversification) and CEOs long-term compensation. The results found that the higher degree of international diversification, higher stock return earnings performance, higher accounting earning performance, and higher stock ownership, CEOs receive higher levels of long-term compensation. The results also demonstrated that CEOs in firms with more investment opportunities will receive higher long-term compensation than CEOs in firms with fewer investment opportunities and CEOs in larger firms will receive higher long-term compensation than CEOs in smaller firms. In contrast, the higher the degree of industrial diversification, CEOs receive less levels of long-term compensation. In addition, the result also found that CEOs who have greater outstanding stock ownership make less use of CEO long-term compensation. These findings will help decision makers, such as boards of directors, investors, shareholders and CEOs, construct optimal compensation contracts that reduce agency cost and maximize shareholder wealth in the future.
Depleting hypothalamic somatostatinergic neurons recapitulates diabetic phenotypes in mouse brain, bone marrow, adipose and retina

Hypothalamic inflammation and sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity are hallmark features of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic inflammation may aggravate metabolic and immunological pathologies due to extensive sympathetic activation of peripheral tissues. Loss of somatostatinergic (SST) neurons may contribute to enhanced hypothalamic inflammation. The present data show that leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice exhibit reduced hypothalamic SST neurons, particularly in the periventricular nucleus. We model this finding, using adeno-associated virus delivery of diphtheria toxin subunit A (DTA) driven by an SST-cre system to deplete these neurons in Sstcre/gfp mice (SST-DTA). SST-DTA mice exhibit enhanced hypothalamic c-Fos expression and brain inflammation as demonstrated by microglial and astrocytic activation. Bone marrow from SST-DTA mice undergoes skewed haematopoiesis, generating excess granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and increased proinflammatory (C-C chemokine receptor type 2; CCR2hi) monocytes. SST-DTA mice exhibited a ‘diabetic retinopathy-like’ phenotype: reduced visual function by optokinetic response (0.4 vs 0.25 cycles/degree; SST-DTA vs control mice); delayed electroretinogram oscillatory potentials; and increased percentages of retinal monocytes. Finally, mesenteric visceral adipose tissue from SST-DTA mice was resistant to catecholamine-induced lipolysis, displaying 50% reduction in isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced lipolysis compared with control littermates. Importantly, hyperglycaemia was not observed in SST-DTA mice. The isolated reduction in hypothalamic SST neurons was able to recapitulate several hallmark features of type 2 diabetes in disease-relevant tissues.
Site transfer and a support-bound H$z.sbnd;CO Complex on Ni/TiO2

Abstract Temperature-programmed reaction and desorption and isotope labeling are used to identify two forms of adsorbed CO, one on Ni metal and the other adsorbed as a HCO complex on the support of a Ni/TiO 2 catalyst. The complex, which appears to be a methoxy species, forms by an activated process in which CH 3 O or H and CO spill over onto the TiO 2 surface. The rate of spillover is much slower than the rate of CO hydrogenation on Ni/TiO 2 at 385 K. The rate of spillover is also much slower than that observed for the same process on Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Because CO on Ni hydrogenates to CH4 faster than the HCO complex, CH4 forms in two distinct peaks on Ni/TiO 2 during TPR of adsorbed CO, and isotope labeling shows that CO adsorbed on these two sites do not interact significantly. Evidence is also presented to show that reverse transfer of the complex from the TiO 2 to the Ni surface readily occurs between 425–455 K in the absence of gas-phase H 2 .
Pathological Aspects of Hydatidiform Mole and Choriocarcinoma

A S A basis for the views expressed in this paper I have recently reviewed 70 cases of hydatidiform mole and 30 cases of choriocarcinoma from the material of our laboratory. I need scarcely say that in the greater portion of these cases slides or tissue were sent in from outside clinics. This would probably be evident from the disproportionate number of malignant lesions in this group. A good many other cases which I have had the opportunity to study pathologically have not been included in this review because of the poor quality of the material or the insufficiency of clinical data. The clinical aspects of these two lesions will not be included in this discussion, especially as a goodly fraction of the cases studied are from the material of the still rather young Mathieu Memorial Chorionepithelioma Registry, so that the follow-up studies, so essential in the clinical investigation of lesions of this type, are not as yet possible. A more complete study than is as yet possible will be published later under the auspices of the Chorionepithelioma Committee. To restrict this discussion of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma to their pathological aspects does not limit it as much as might at first thought appear. After all, the purely clinical features of these two chorionic diseases are reasonably well known. These are dependent upon the pathological characteristics of the two diseases, but only if we envisage pathology as including the living, biological characteristics of both the fetal and maternal tissues concerned in these lesions. This statement at once sets forth one of the chief theses of this paper. In the consideration of most tumors this living pathological consideration is far less important than it is in the interpretation of trophoblastic lessions. With the ordinary forms of epithelial neoplasms, one can utilize the static histological features as a reliable means of distinguishing the benign from the malignant, with little or no regard for the vulnerability of the invaded tissue, which is taken practically for granted. Totally different, as I shall try to show, is the problem as regards lesions of the trophoblast, a tissue which is normally invasive, while the invaded maternal tissue, and perhaps the maternal systemic organism, normally exhibit varying degrees of resistance to the invading elements. In this field, therefore, simple morphological considerations are of far less importance than they are in other pathological problems. -*Presented at the Sixtieth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Obstetricians. Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgeons, Hot Springs, Va., Sept. 8 to 10. 1949.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha mediates the stimulatory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) on glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene transcription in H4IIE cells.

It has recently been shown that adenoviral-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1 α) in hepatocytes stimulates glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6Pase) gene expression. A combination of fusion gene, gel retardation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that, in H4IIE cells, PGC-1α mediates this stimulation through an evolutionarily conserved region of the G6Pase promoter that binds hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α.
Why Work for the Government

This article from the ABA Student Lawyer Magazine describes for law students some of the benefits of working as a law clerk or for another government agency as a first job choice after graduation.
Utility-based resource-aware framework for information caching and sharing in mobile and distributed systems

The Internet is evolving into an indispensable service delivery infrastructure and infinite information database. Along with the technology advancements in mobile and wireless networks, ubiquitous information service is becoming a reality in which users can access information anytime anywhere. However, the user mobility, network heterogeneity and resource constraints impose significant challenges to provide ubiquitous information services. In this dissertation, a utility based resource aware framework is proposed to enhance ubiquitous information availability to mobile users through data caching and peer-to-peer sharing. The framework considers the constrained resources of mobile and distributed environments and provides flexible, efficient and scalable data access services to the mobile users. The major contributions of this framework are as follows. First, we introduce a novel energy and bandwidth efficient data caching mechanism, called GreedyDual Least Utility (GD-LU), to enhance dynamic data availability to mobile users in cellular networks. Based on the utility function derived from our analytical model, we propose algorithms for cache replacement and passive prefetching of data objects. Second, we introduce a novel scheme called energy efficient peer-to-peer caching with optimal radius (EPCOR), to enable peer-to-peer information sharing in multi-hop hybrid networks. In EPCOR, a peer-to-peer overlay network is built among the mobile users to facilitate cooperative sharing of data based on network proximity and data preference. In order to conserve energy, each mobile user shares a data item in a cooperation zone. An algorithm is developed to determine the optimal radius of the cooperation zone. Third, we investigate location-aided information retrieval in large-scale mobile peer-to-peer (MP2P) networks. A novel scheme, called Proximity Regions for Caching in Cooperative MP2P Networks (PReCinCt) is designed to utilize location information to support scalable data retrieval. In the PReCinCt scheme, the network topology is divided into geographical regions where each region is responsible for a set of keys representing the data. Each key is then mapped to a location based on a geographical hash function. We evaluate and validate the developed algorithms both analytically and experimentally. We have conducted extensive experiments using large scale simulations to evaluate the performance of proposed framework. Our analytical and experimental results show that the framework can efficiently provide ubiquitous information services in mobile and distributed environments.
Earl vs. Seaborn: Did the Fruit Fall Too Far from the Tree?

In 1948, Congress created the joint filing status to try to create tax equality between married couples in community and non-community property states. Favored tax treatment for taxpayers in community property states was a result of the 1930 Supreme Court case Poe v. Seaborn. Joint filing, however, has created the marriage penalty and innocent spouse problems. In addition, if same-sex marriages receive joint filing status, this could allow virtually everybody, except minors, to use the joint filing status while leaving problems in place.The tax benefits that are intended to help families with children frequently go to families without children as a result of their filing status and the income phase-outs associated with the benefits. We should require all earners to file a tax return but allocate larger standard deductions and personal exemption amounts to each person. This would allow a taxpayer who can claim a dependent to get a greater deduction. Thus, we would give the "family tax benefits" that were intended to help children, to families who actually have children.We should also give a step-up in basis of all community property on the death of a decedent, while only allowing a step-up in basis of half of those same assets to a surviving spouse in a non-community property state. We should repeal Seaborn, and all of the tax sections which give favored treatment to taxpayers in community property states while denying those same benefits to similarly situated taxpayers in non-community property states.
Image restoration and edge extraction based on 2-D stochastic models

In this paper, we consider application of 2-D stochastic models discussed in [1] to develop noncausal FIR filters for restoration of images degraded by additive white noise. The semicausal model of [1] is used to design masks for edge extraction from the noisy images. The results presented here indicate that good restorations and robust edge detection are possible using relatively simple algorithms.