cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification of active HOPS complex reveals its affinities for phosphoinositides and the SNARE Vam7p

Coupling of Rab GTPase activation and SNARE complex assembly during membrane fusion is poorly understood. The homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex links these two processes: it is an effector for the vacuolar Rab GTPase Ypt7p and is required for vacuolar SNARE complex assembly. We now report that pure, active HOPS complex binds phosphoinositides and the PX domain of the vacuolar SNARE protein Vam7p. These binding interactions support HOPS complex association with the vacuole and explain its enrichment at the same microdomains on docked vacuoles as phosphoinositides, Ypt7p, Vam7p, and the other SNARE proteins. Concentration of the HOPS complex at these microdomains may be a key factor for coupling Rab GTPase activation to SNARE complex assembly.
New hopes from old drugs: revisiting DNA-binding small molecules as anticancer agents.

Most of the anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs that are broadly and successfully used today are DNA-damaging agents. Targeting of DNA has been proven to cause relatively potent and selective destruction of tumor cells. However, the clinical potential of DNA-damaging agents is limited by the adverse side effects and increased risk of secondary cancers that are consequences of the agents’ genotoxicity. In this review, we present evidence that those agents capable of targeting DNA without inducing DNA damage would not be limited in these ways, and may be as potent as DNA-damaging agents in the killing of tumor cells. We use as an example literature data and our own research of the well-known antimalarial drug quinacrine, which binds to DNA without inducing DNA damage, yet modulates a number of cellular pathways that impact tumor cell survival.
Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Insects: A Developing Concept in Nutritional Ecology

Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is a concept that has been well known in one form or another for more than a century in vertebrate nutrition and physiological ecology. Yet, it is practically unknown in the physiology and nutritional ecology of insects. We suggest that DIT is a ubiquitous mechanism occurring in most if not all organisms and functions to maintain nutritional homeostasis by metabolically oxidizing excess energy intake to maintain a metabolic pool of nutrients that is balanced in both energy and nutrients. There is sufficient evidence to suggest the phenomenon exits in insects and should be considered as a viable hypothesis to enrich the paradigms of insect nutritional ecology and biological stoichiometry. We demonstrate evidence for DIT in the phytophagous spruce budworm (Choritoneura fumiferana [Clemens]) . Budworm larvae with the highest dietary metabolizable energy/protein ratio and highest assimilated food are the least metabolically efficient and are apparently able to oxidize excess metabolizable energy intake (i.e., they exhibit diet-induced thermogenesis). Metabolic adaptations such as DIT would allow organisms to use foodstuffs that are high in energy but critically low or unbalanced in essential nutrients to maintain normal growth, survival, and reproduction. Understanding the role DIT plays in nutritional and elemental stoichiometric homeostasis of insects may be an important element in interpreting their nutritional ecology.
Parallel antiport mechanisms for Na+ and Cl- transport in herbivorous teleost intestine.

Transport mechanisms for NaCl in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of herbivorous, seawater-adapted tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were investigated with a rapid filtration technique using 22Na+ and 36Cl- as tracers. Evidence to support the existence of cotransport mechanisms (Na+/Cl- or Na+/K+/2Cl-) in tilapia intestinal BBMV was not found. An inwardly directed Cl- gradient or KCl gradient did not stimulate the uptake of Na+ into tilapia intestinal BBMV. Furthermore, the uptake of Na+ under these conditions was not significantly affected by furosemide. Evidence was found to indicate the existence of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- antiport mechanisms for NaCl transport in tilapia intestinal BBMV. An outwardly directed proton gradient (pH 6.0 in, pH 7.5 out) stimulated the uptake of Na+ above that of the control (pH 7.5 in, pH 7.5 out). Exogenous amiloride (1 mmol l-1) significantly reduced Na+ uptake in the presence of an outwardly directed proton gradient. Apparent influxes of 1 mmol l-1 Na+ were (nmol mg protein −1 15 s-1 +/− 1 S.E.): control, 1.46 +/− 0.09; pH gradient, 3.36 +/− 0.14; pH gradient plus amiloride, 1.55 +/− 0.05. The uptake of Cl- was stimulated by outwardly directed HCO3- and Cl- gradients in comparison with an outwardly directed gluconate gradient. Apparent influxes of 10 mmol l-1 Cl- were (nmol mg protein-1 15 s-1 +/− 1 S.E.): gluconate, 12.90 +/− 0.19; HCO3-, 15.83 +/− 0.34; Cl-, 14.62 +/− 0.42. These results suggest that, in contrast to the cotransport mechanisms for NaCl that have been reported for other fish intestine, the herbivorous marine teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus, possesses dual antiport mechanisms for the transport of NaCl across its intestinal brush border membrane.
Pressure-Induced Conductivity and Yellow-to-Black Piezochromism in a Layered Cu–Cl Hybrid Perovskite

Pressure-induced changes in the electronic structure of two-dimensional Cu-based materials have been a subject of intense study. In particular, the possibility of suppressing the Jahn–Teller distortion of d9 Cu centers with applied pressure has been debated over a number of decades. We studied the structural and electronic changes resulting from the application of pressures up to ca. 60 GPa on a two-dimensional copper(II)–chloride perovskite using diamond anvil cells (DACs), through a combination of in situ powder X-ray diffraction, electronic absorption and vibrational spectroscopy, dc resistivity measurements, and optical observations. Our measurements show that compression of this charge-transfer insulator initially yields a first-order structural phase transition at ca. 4 GPa similar to previous reports on other CuII–Cl perovskites, during which the originally translucent yellow solid turns red. Further compression induces a previously unreported phase transition at ca. 8 GPa and dramatic piezochromis...
Occupational Hazard Factors Among Medical Laboratory Workers and Control Measures

Objective To analyze the occupational hazard factors among medical laboratory workers and the control measures.Methods The survey was performed in the laboratories in some CDC to learn about their working environment and conditions.Results The medical laboratory workers would face multi occupational hazards,their awareness of self protection was limited or protection measures were not often implemented fully,so the occupational injury might occur.Conclusion In the construction and management of medical laboratory,the safety standard should not be neglected and the workers should be informed to take self protecting measure,which would be the key ways to reduce or eliminate the occupational hazards in medical laboratory.
Combining Ranking and Classification to Improve Emotion Recognition in Spontaneous Speech.

We introduce a novel emotion recognition approach which integrates ranking models. The approach is speaker independent, yet it is designed to exploit information from utterances from the same speaker in the test set before making predictions. It achieves much higher precision in identifying emotional utterances than a conventional SVM classifier. Furthermore we test several possibilities for combining conventional classification and predictions based on ranking. All combinations improve overall prediction accuracy. All experiments are performed on the FAU AIBO database which contains realistic spontaneous emotional speech. Our best combination system achieves 6.6% absolute improvement over the Interspeech 2009 emotion challenge baseline system on the 5-class classification tasks.
Hypertension in Pregnancy

The recommended classification of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy consists of four groups: Preeclampsia-eclampsia, chronic hypertension of whatever cause, chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia, and late or “transient” hypertension. In studies of the pathophysiology of these disorders, attention is currently focused on impaired uteropla-cental perfusion, altered vascular reactivity and slow disseminated intravascular coagulation. Management remains controversial, and various modes and agents are considered in light of newer findings about pathophysiology.
A Meta-Analytical Review of Students’ Out-of-Class Communication and Learning Effects

A random-effects meta-analysis (N = 7,113) was conducted examining the relationships between students’ out-of-class communication (OCC) and learning outcomes. The findings revealed positive summary effects for OCC on affective learning (k = 7, N = 1478, r = 0.321, p < 0.001) and perceived cognitive learning (k = 11, N = 5635, r = 0.261, p < 0.001). Several moderators were identified, indicating the association between OCC and cognitive learning varied systematically because of the measurement instruments used to operationalize OCC and learning and because of interdisciplinary treatments of the constructs. Recommendations are made for future researchers including the need for a theoretical explanation of the OCC-learning relationship.
Consumer Decision Processes: Getting More (and Better) Information

Part of the challenge of studying how consumers actually make purchase decisions stems from the fact that there is usually no visible trace of the decision process. Different experimental approaches have been devised to provide researchers with clues to the strategies used in making purchase decisions. One is the use of information display boards, in which decision makers request or reach for a specific piece of information in order to use it. To make up for the limitation of display boards—that they provide little insight into the decision process itself—consumers are sometimes queried to learn what information they used and how they used it. Those recall approaches, however, are limited to what can be remembered by decision makers. In complex choice tasks, consumers often fail to remember important information they used in the decision. To address forgetting, a concurrent verbal protocol is sometimes employed. In a concurrent verbal protocol people are instructed to “speak aloud what is being thought” during the decision. But it requires considerable training and has other possible drawbacks as well.
Absent Labial Frenulum in Holoprosencephaly

Absence of the superior labial frenulum is reported in 88% of 17 consecutive cases of holoprosencephaly examined at St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA.
Sleep and Plasticity in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1 %. Although the clinical features of the disorder were described over one hundred years ago, its neurobiology is still largely elusive despite several decades of research. Schizophrenia is associated with marked sleep disturbances and memory impairment. Above and beyond altered sleep architecture, sleep rhythms including slow waves and spindles are disrupted in schizophrenia. In the healthy brain, these rhythms reflect and participate in plastic processes during sleep. This chapter discusses evidence that schizophrenia patients exhibit dysfunction of sleep-mediated plasticity on a behavioral, cellular, and molecular level and offers suggestions on how the study of sleeping brain activity can shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disorder.
Validation of evidence-based fall prevention programs for adults with intellectual and/or developmental disorders: a modified Otago exercise program

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based fall prevention (EBFP) programs significantly decrease fall risk, falls, and fall-related injuries in community-dwelling older adults. To date, EBFP programs are only validated for use among people with normal cognition and, therefore, are not evidence-based for adults with intellectual and/or developmental disorders (IDD) such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), or traumatic brain injury (TBI). BACKGROUND: Adults with IDD experience not only a higher rate of falls than their community-dwelling, cognitively intact peers, but also higher rates and earlier onset of chronic diseases, also known to increase fall risk. Adults with IDD experience many barriers to healthcare and health promotion programs. As the lifespan for people with IDD continues to increase, issues of aging (including falls with associated injury) are on the rise and require effective and efficient prevention. METHODS: A modified group-based version of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) was developed and implemented at a worksite employing adults with IDD in Montana. Participants were tested pre and post-intervention using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) STopping Elderly Accidents Deaths and Injuries (STEADI) tool kit. Participants participated in progressive once weekly, one-hour group exercise classes and home programs over a 7-week period. Discharge planning with consumers and caregivers included home exercise, walking, and an optional home assessment. RESULTS: Despite the limited number of participants (n=15) and short length of participation, improvements were observed in the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, 4-Stage Balance Test, and 2-Minute Walk Test. Additionally, three individuals experienced an improvement in ambulation independence. Participants reported no falls during the study period. DISCUSSION: Promising results of this preliminary project underline the need for further study of this modified OEP among adults with IDD. Future multi-center study should include more participants in diverse geographic regions with longer lengths of participation and follow-up.
Interaction between the Stress Phase Angle (SPA) and the Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) Affects Endothelial Cell Gene Expression

Hemodynamic forces play an important role in the non-uniform distribution of atherosclerotic lesions. Endothelial cells are exposed simultaneously to fluid wall shear stress (WSS) and solid circumferential stress (CS). Due to variations in impedance (global factors) and geometric complexities (local factors) in the arterial circulation a time lag arises between these two forces that can be characterized by the temporal phase angle between CS and WSS (stress phase angle-SPA). Asynchronous flows (SPA close to -180°) that are most prominent in coronary arteries have been associated with localization of atherosclerosis. Reversing oscillatory flows characterized by an oscillatory shear index (OSI) that is great than zero are also associated with atherosclerosis localization. In this study we examined the relationship between asynchronous flows and reversing flows in altering the expression of 37 genes relevant to atherosclerosis development. In the case of reversing oscillatory flow, we observed that the asynchronous condition upregulated 8 genes compared to synchronous hemodynamics, most of them proatherogenic. Upregulation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB p65 was confirmed by western blot, and nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. A comparative study between non-reversing flow and reversing flow found that in the case of synchronous hemodynamics, reversing flow altered the expression of 11 genes, while in the case of asynchronous hemodynamics, reversing flow altered the expression of 17 genes. Reversing flow significantly upregulated protein expression of NFκB p65 for both synchronous and asynchronous conditions. Nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 was confirmed for synchronous and asynchronous conditions in the presence of flow reversal. These data suggest that asynchronous hemodynamics and reversing flow can elicit proatherogenic responses in endothelial cells compared to synchronous hemodynamics without shear stress reversal, indicating that SPA as well as reversal flow (OSI) are important parameters characterizing arterial susceptibility to disease.
Maps of Intimate and Institutional Change in Merle Collins’s Angel and Oonya Kempadoo’s Tide Running

This article reads Merle Collins’s Angel and Oonya Kempadoo’s Tide Running for their narration of social transformations within their characters lived experience. Comparing these two different novels allows this paper to think change both within and beyond the dramatic moments of revolutionary change and against theories of change that primarily limit themselves to large structural forces, such as sex tourism and the U.S. media, and their effects. I propose Angel acts as a map of and toward social transformation, while Tide Running acts as an anti-map, a source of disorientation that prompts better wayfinding. Through the family structure Angel critiques the type of change the revolution enacted while showing the way toward a vision of more gradualist change by depicting its analogical correlate in the emotional labor its characters perform within their family relationships. This emotional education parallels the antiracist education Angel receives, and in many ways brings Angel into the genre of the bildungsroman. Within the comparative framework of this study, Tide Running is seen as challenging the emancipatory trajectory of the bildungsroman, because its character is illiterate and the discrimination he experiences comes in the form of microaggressions that are less easily identified and, therefore, having effects that are less easily unlearned. In removing a narration of Cliff’s interiority at the crucial moment in the plot where he is implicated in theft, Tide Running turns the bildungsroman’s educative trajectory out onto the reader. Its plot implicates the reader’s own readerly software that would lead to a racial profiling of Cliff. The article closes by speculating about the possible effects different temporal approaches can have on novels that engage the politics of social change and for the readers who experience them.
We Agree on the Importance of Contextual and Temporal Accuracy When Studying Novel Tobacco Products

We agree with Manderski et al that contextual and temporal accuracy is important when studying not just novel but all tobacco products, and carefully considered both issues that they raise in their comment when conducting our research. As they acknowledged in their comment, 2009 is the closest year that National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) data are available to the advent of e-cigarettes in the United States, which occurred around 2007. As they note, as of 2009, e-cigarette use was low and grew over time. We explicitly model this fact by quantifying this change with a slope (rather than an intercept) change in the regression model. (This is the approach shown in fig 2b of … E-mail: ldutra{at}rti.org
Laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: are oncologic outcomes truly superior to an open approach?

Despite decades of research and an emerging understanding of the molecular biology of disease, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor.
Procedure-Based Management of Urgency Urinary Incontinence in the Older Woman

Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) has a significant impact on the physical function and quality of life of women. When conservative treatments fail, procedure-based management can be used to treat refractory symptoms. We review recent updates on the efficacy and complications of these interventions with focus on older adults. In high quality studies, intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections and sacral neuromodulation (SNM) result in improvement in frequency of UUI episodes. Adverse effects are slightly elevated in older women, but benefits generally outweigh risks. More evidence is needed to help inform the choice between botulinum toxin injections and SNM with regard to safety and efficacy. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) shows efficacy and low adverse events, though high quality studies are few. More evidence is needed to support its use as a first-line intervention for refractory UUI, especially in older women. Surgical intervention is associated with significant complications and is only an option in those who have failed all other interventions. Procedure-based interventions are effective in addressing UUI. Botulinum toxin injections and SNM should be considered after conservative management has failed. PTNS, with its low morbidity, could be considered before botulinum toxin and SNM if future studies support its efficacy, especially in older women. Future directions should aim to examine patient-reported long-term outcomes, especially in older adults, and decrease morbidity, which may increase the safety profile in older adults.
Applying Biomimetic Principles to Thermoelectric Cooling Devices for Water Collection

The shortage of freshwater resources in the world has developed the need for sustainable, cost-effective technologies that can produce freshwater on a large scale. Current solutions often have extensive manufacturing requirements, or involve the use of large quantities of energy or toxic chemicals. Atmospheric water generating solutions that minimize the depletion of natural resources can be achieved by incorporating biomimetics, a classification of design inspired by nature. This research seeks to optimize thermoelectric cooling systems for use in water harvesting applications by analyzing the different factors that affect surface temperature and water condensation in TEC devices. Further experiments will be directed towards developing a robust, repeatable system, as well as an accurate measurement system. Surface modifications, device structure and orientation, and power generation will also be studied to better understand the ideal conditions for maximum water collection in thermoelectric cooling systems.
Resolving the Paradox of Phenomenology through Kant's Aesthetics: Between Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze

Commentators have claimed that the philosophies of Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze converge upon a spatial field of sensation which is prior to representation. This essay will contest these readings by s...
Obesity and Tracheostomy: Indications, Timing, and Techniques

Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure on critically ill patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Obesity has previously been considered a relative contraindication to performing tracheostomy due to increased risk of periprocedural complications. Over the years, advancements have been made with the use of flexible and rigid bronchoscopy to assist in percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. Recent studies have evaluated the safety of performing tracheostomy in obese patients utilizing these different techniques. Despite the developments, there are still major risk factors that need to be taken into consideration in the obese population prior to tracheostomy placement. The indications, optimal timing, techniques (both percutaneous and surgical), and potential complications of performing tracheostomy in obese patients will be discussed in this chapter. The preferred method of tracheostomy is a topic of debate, and decision to proceed with the procedure requires an individualized approach.
Associations of parents' self, child, and other "fat talk" with child eating behaviors and weight.

Objective Fat talk, negative communication about weight, is common in the media, peer groups, and families. Little is known about parental fat talk directed at oneself or others. This study examined associations between different forms of parental fat talk and child disordered eating behaviors and weight, and differences by child sex and age. Method Parents of preadolescents or adolescents (n = 581) reported fat talk about themselves (self-fat talk), others (obesity-fat talk), and their child (child-fat talk). Results 76.0% of parents reported regular self-fat talk in front of children, 51.5% reported obesity-fat talk, and 43.6% reported child-fat talk. Fat talk did not differ significantly between parents of preadolescents and adolescents but was more common with sons than daughters. Of the three forms of fat talk, only child-fat talk was associated with all child eating and weight variables (binge eating, overeating, secretive eating, and overweight/obesity); associations were strongest for adolescent girls. Child sex was associated with secretive eating and overweight/obesity. Conclusions Parents reported using different forms of fat talk frequently. Parent self- and obesity-fat talk were reported more frequently, but child-fat talk was the most strongly associated with children's eating and weight. Because of associations with disordered eating behaviors, intervening to reduce fat talk might contribute to improving pediatric disordered eating and weight-related interventions.
Interface Behavior in Reinforced Concrete

The mechanism of bond transfer between steel and concrete in a reinforced concrete member is studied in the present work. It is seen that the behavior of the interface zone can be represented by a simple generalized Mohr–Coulomb model. It is also seen that the complex relationships between the local bond stress and local slip suggested by other researchers (cubic or higher order polynomials) may be due to the geometry of the specimen and nature of stress distribution along the bar rather than intrinsic interface behavior. Behavior predicted by a generalized Mohr–Coulomb model is compared to predictions and observed behavior previously reported.
Efficient online dictionary adaptation and image reconstruction for dynamic MRI

Sparsity-based techniques have yielded promising results for dynamic MRI (dMRI) reconstruction. Data-driven methods involving dictionary learning have become increasingly popular, but they involve expensive computation and memory requirements. We propose a framework for online or time-sequential data-driven reconstruction of dynamic MRI sequences from k-t space measurements recorded by one or more receive coils. The spatiotemporal patches of the underlying image sequence are modeled as sparse in a DIctioNary with lOw-ranK AToms (DINO-KAT), and the proposed method estimates the dictionary, sparse coefficients, and images sequentially and efficiently from the time series of MRI measurements. Our experiments demonstrate the promising performance of our schemes for online dMRI reconstruction from limited data.
The Role of Instillation in Open Abdomen Management

Limited data to support direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR). DPR has been shown in animal models to decrease need for intravenous crystalloid. DPR has been suggested to improve ability to perform delayed primary closure of open abdomen.
Decision-Making Factors for Ulnar Nerve Transposition in Cubital Tunnel Surgery.

Background We designed a survey to ascertain the current perspectives of hand surgeons on the evaluation and management of ulnar nerve instability at the elbow. The secondary aim was to assess the concordance of hand surgeons on definitions of the terms “subluxated” and “dislocated” for classification of ulnar nerve instability. Methods A questionnaire, including demographic practice variables, cubital tunnel practice patterns, preoperative imaging and electrodiagnostic evaluation, and a series of standardized intraoperative photographs of ulnar nerve instability at the elbow were developed and distributed to the current American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) membership. Results A total of 690 (26.8%) members completed the survey; 84.2% of respondents indicated that they evaluate for ulnar nerve instability preoperatively with clinical examination, whereas only 6.1% indicated they routinely obtained dynamic ultrasound. Respondents indicated that the factors most strongly influencing their decision to proceed with anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve were subluxation on physical examination (89.6%), history consistent with ulnar nerve subluxation (85.8%), and muscle atrophy (43.2%). On review of clinical photographs, respondents demonstrated varying degrees of agreement on the terms “subluxated” or “dislocated” and recommendations for ulnar nerve transposition at intermediate degrees of ulnar nerve instability. Conclusion ASSH members routinely evaluate for ulnar nerve instability with history and clinical examination without uniform use of preoperative ultrasound, and nearly half of the time the decision to transpose the ulnar nerve is made intraoperatively. Definitions for the degree of ulnar nerve instability at the elbow are not uniformly agreed upon, and further development of a classification system may be warranted to standardize treatment.
Fast convergence to satisfying distributions

We investigate an environment where self-interested agents have to find high-quality service resources. Agents have common knowledge about resources which are able to provide these services. The performance of resources is measured by the satisfaction obtained by agents using them. The performance of a resource depends on its intrinsic capability and its current load. We use a satisfying rather than an optimizing framework, where agents are content to receive service quality above a threshold. We introduce a formal framework to characterize the convergence of agents to a state where each agent is satisfied with the performance of the service it is currently using. We analyzed the convergence behavior of such a system and identified a mechanism to speed up convergence.
POPDOSE-SR: A Routine Release Atmospheric Population Dose Model Used at SRS

POPDOSE-SR is used to calculate dose to the surrounding Savannah River Site (SRS) population following routine releases of atmospheric radioactivity.
The role of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in pigs

VI CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Introduction Thesis Organization Literature Review References 3 3 33 CHAPTER 2. EFFECT OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS (PRRSV) (ISOLATE ATCC VR-2385) INFECTION ON BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PORCINE PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES (PIMS): IN VITRO COMPARISONS WITH PULMONARY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES (PAMS) 52 Abstract 52 Introduction 53 Materials and Methods 54 Results 60 Discussion Acknowledgements References 62 64 6452 Introduction 53 Materials and Methods 54 Results 60 Discussion Acknowledgements References 62 64 64 CHAPTER 3. INFLUENCE OF PIG AGE AND STRAIN OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS (PRRSV) ON VIRUS TITER AND BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PORCINE PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES (PIMS) 71 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References 71 72 73 76 77 79 80Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References 71 72 73 76 77 79 80
Process and Existence in Mathematics

In learning elementary geometry, we are asked to prove the equality of the base angles of an isosceles triangle. We draw a rough diagram of an isosceles triangle and observe it. The happy idea of constructing a new line from the top vertex to the base enables us to notice relations between the parts of the new diagram, thereby proving the conclusion. Or, alternatively, we can do this by observing the possibility of a rigid motion in space that interchanges the two base vertices.
Vocabulary Intervention: A National Survey of School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists.

This study documented the perspectives of school-based speech–language pathologists (SLPs) who provide vocabulary intervention to students with language impairment. SLPs (n = 357) working in school...
EPSCoR Programs and Research Facilities

This chapter focuses on the construction and utilization of research facilities in higher education institutions. It develops a measure of research density by comparing the academic R&D expenditures within a state with the size of its academic research facilities. The analysis indicates that EPSCoR institutions have likely over-invested in physical research infrastructure and do not utilize research facilities as efficiently as their counterparts in non-EPSCoR states. The empirical evidence also shows that EPSCoR state governments do not invest significantly more funds in academic research facilities than non-EPSCoR states.
Higher-order optimal deployment with self-triggered coordination

This paper studies a k-order coverage control problem where a network of agents must deploy themselves over a desired area. The objective is to deploy all the agents in a decentralized manner such that the coverage performance of the network is maximized. Unlike many prior works that consider multi-agent deployment, we explicitly consider applications where more than one agent may be required to service an event that occurs in the domain. The proposed method ensures that the agents move to an optimal configuration while simultaneously relaxing the requirement of constant communication among the agents. In order to achieve the stated goals, a self-triggered coordination method is developed that both determines how agents should move without having to continuously acquire information from other agents, as well as when to acquire new information. Simulation results illustrate that the self-triggered algorithm reduces the amount of communication necessary to accomplish the deployment task while not having to sacrifice performance in meeting the goal.
Direct analysis of brain phenotypes via neural blastocyst complementation.

We provide a protocol for generating forebrain structures in vivo from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via neural blastocyst complementation (NBC). We developed this protocol for studies of development and function of specific forebrain regions, including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. We describe a complete workflow, from methods for modifying a given genomic locus in ESCs via CRISPR–Cas9-mediated editing to the generation of mouse chimeras with ESC-reconstituted forebrain regions that can be directly analyzed. The procedure begins with genetic editing of mouse ESCs via CRISPR–Cas9, which can be accomplished in ~4–8 weeks. We provide protocols to achieve fluorescent labeling of ESCs in ~2–3 weeks, which allows tracing of the injected, ESC-derived donor cells in chimeras generated via NBC. Once modified ESCs are ready, NBC chimeras are generated in ~3 weeks via injection of ESCs into genetically programmed blastocysts that are subsequently transferred into pseudo-pregnant fosters. Our in vivo brain organogenesis platform is efficient, allowing functional and systematic analysis of genes and other genomic factors in as little as 3 months, in the context of a whole organism. Embryonic stem cells undergo CRISPR–Cas9-mediated editing and are then used to reconstitute forebrain regions in mouse chimeras via neural blastocyst complementation.
PROPELLER-RUDDER INTERACTION DUE TO LOADING AND THICKNESS EFFECTS

The previous analysis of the propeller-rudder interaction problem by means of the lifting-surface theory has been modified to include the effects of thickness of both surfaces. The effect of propeller blade thickness and rudder thickness on the "flow displacement" in the field is taken into account by the "thin body" approach. The blade thickness effect on the loading of the propeller blade due to its nonplanar form, being small, is neglected. The resulting onset velocities on both lifting surfaces due to the thickness effects on the flow field are incorporated, together with the onset velocities due to hull wake and camber and incident angle of the surfaces, into the existing iterative procedure. The numerical procedure, which has been adapted to the CDC 6600 highspeed digital computer, furnishes the steady and time-dependent pressure distributions on both lifting surfaces and the resulting hydrodynamic forces and moments. From the limited number of calculations, it is seen that the thickness effect does not change the general conclusions reached in the previous study of the interaction problem. The interaction apparently is governed principally by the loading effects. The mean and blade-frequency thrust and torque and the mean rudder force and moment are very little affected by the inclusion of thickness even at the smallest possible axial clearance between propeller and rudder. The influence of thickness is greater on the propeller bearing forces and bending moments, on the steady-state values more than on the unsteady, and decreases with increase in axial clearance. The thickness effect is most pronounced in the case of unsteady rudder forces and moments at certain axial clearances, varying cyclically with clearance.
Continuous rhythm monitoring-guided anticoagulation after atrial fibrillation ablation.

Introduction Oral anticoagulation(OAC) based on estimated stroke risk is recommended following catheter ablation(CA) of atrial fibrillation(AF), regardless of the extent of arrhythmia control. However, discontinuing OAC in selected patients may be safe. We sought to evaluate a strategy of OAC discontinuation following AF ablation guided by continuous rhythm monitoring. Methods and results We prospectively studied AF ablations performed at our institution from June 2015-December 2019. Patients that had pre-existing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) or underwent insertable cardiac monitor(ICM) implantation immediately following AF ablation were included. OAC was continued for 6 weeks following CA in all patients, following which OAC management was guided by CHA2 DS2 VaSC score and continuous rhythm monitoring results, according to a prespecified protocol. AF recurrence was defined as ≥30 seconds (CIEDs) or ≥2 minutes (ICM). We studied 196 patients (mean age 64.7±11.3 years, 66.8% male, 85.7% ICM, 14.3% CIEDs). Mean CHA2 DS2 VaSC score was 2.2±1.5. One-year AF-free survival following CA was 83% for paroxysmal AF and 63% for persistent AF patients. Over 3 years' follow-up, OAC was discontinued in 57(33.7%) patients, mean 7.4±7.1 months following ablation. Following discontinuation, OAC was restarted for AF recurrence in 9(15.8%) patients, mean 11.7±6.8 months after stopping. This discontinuation protocol led to a 21.9% reduction in overall time exposed to OAC. There were no thromboembolic or major bleeding events. Conclusion OAC can be discontinued in a significant percentage of patients following CA of AF. When guided by continuous rhythm monitoring, this practice does not unacceptably increase the risk of thromboembolic events. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Clinical Decision Support for Traumatic Brain Injury: Identifying a Framework for Practical Model-Based Intracranial Pressure Estimation at Multihour Timescales.

BACKGROUND The clinical mitigation of intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain injury requires timely knowledge of intracranial pressure to avoid secondary injury or death. Noninvasive intracranial pressure (nICP) estimation that operates sufficiently fast at multihour timescales and requires only common patient measurements is a desirable tool for clinical decision support and improving traumatic brain injury patient outcomes. However, existing model-based nICP estimation methods may be too slow or require data that are not easily obtained. OBJECTIVE This work considers short- and real-time nICP estimation at multihour timescales based on arterial blood pressure (ABP) to better inform the ongoing development of practical models with commonly available data. METHODS We assess and analyze the effects of two distinct pathways of model development, either by increasing physiological integration using a simple pressure estimation model, or by increasing physiological fidelity using a more complex model. Comparison of the model approaches is performed using a set of quantitative model validation criteria over hour-scale times applied to model nICP estimates in relation to observed ICP. RESULTS The simple fully coupled estimation scheme based on windowed regression outperforms a more complex nICP model with prescribed intracranial inflow when pulsatile ABP inflow conditions are provided. We also show that the simple estimation data requirements can be reduced to 1-minute averaged ABP summary data under generic waveform representation. CONCLUSIONS Stronger performance of the simple bidirectional model indicates that feedback between the systemic vascular network and nICP estimation scheme is crucial for modeling over long intervals. However, simple model reduction to ABP-only dependence limits its utility in cases involving other brain injuries such as ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additional methodologies and considerations needed to overcome these limitations are illustrated and discussed.
Is the Value Worth the Costs?: Examining the Experiences of Preservice Teachers of Color in Predominantly White Colleges of Education

Over three decades ago, Cole (1986) described Black educators as an “endangered species.” The problem persists. We continue to bemoan the paucity of teachers of color in education programs (Farinde...
Detection of rare nematode resistance Rhg1 haplotypes in Glycine soja and a novel Rhg1 α-SNAP

This study pursued the hypothesis that wild plant germplasm accessions carrying alleles of interest can be identified using available single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for particular alleles of other (unlinked) genes that contribute to the trait of interest. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines [HG]) resistance locus Rhg1 is widely used in farmed soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The two known resistance-conferring haplotypes, rhg1-a and rhg1-b, typically contain three or seven to 10 tandemly duplicated Rhg1 segments, respectively. Each Rhg1 repeat carries four genes, including Glyma.18G022500, which encodes unusual isoforms of the vesicle-trafficking chaperone α-SNAP. Using SoySNP50K data for NSFRAN07 allele presence, we discovered a new Rhg1 haplotype, rhg1-ds, in six accessions of wild soybean, Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. (0.5% of the ∼1,100 G. soja accessions in the USDA collection). The α-SNAP encoded by rhg1-ds is unique at an important site of amino acid variation and shares with the rhg1-a and rhg1-b α-SNAP proteins the traits of cytotoxicity and altered N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) protein interaction. Copy number assays indicate three repeats of rhg1-ds. G. soja PI 507613 and PI 507623 exhibit resistance to HG type 2.5.7 SCN populations, in part because of contributions from other loci. In a segregating F2 population, rhg1-b and rhg1-ds made statistically indistinguishable contributions to resistance to a partially virulent HG type 2.5.7 SCN population. Hence, the unusual multigene copy number variation Rhg1 haplotype was present but rare in ancestral G. soja and was present in accessions that offer multiple traits for SCN resistance breeding. The accessions were initially identified for study based on an unlinked SNP.
Smart Open-Ended Learning Environments That Support Learners Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes

Metacognition and self-regulation are important for effective learning; but novices often lack these skills. Betty’s Brain, a Smart Open-Ended Learning Environment, helps students develop metacognitive strategies through adaptive scaffolding as they work on challenging tasks related to building causal models of science processes. In this paper, we combine our previous work on sequence mining methods to discover students’ frequently-used behavior patterns with context-driven assessments of the effectiveness of these patterns. Post Hoc analysis provides the framework for systematic analysis of students’ behaviors online to provide the adaptive scaffolding they need to develop appropriate learning strategies and become independent learners.
YUANMING YUAN/VERSAILLES: INTERCULTURAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CHINESE AND EUROPEAN PALACE CULTURES

This article examines intercultural interactions between Europe and China in the eighteenth century. It focuses on China's greatest imperial palace, Yuanming Yuan, detailing its pivotal importance in contact with Europe. The first section compares Yuanming Yuan with Versailles in order to demonstrate that beneath their mutually exotic appearances lay similarities in how systems of art, architecture and gardens were deployed to reinforce structurally similar court societies. The second section argues that it was this systemic compatibility that made it possible for French and British cultural agents to make sense of Chinese arts through the playful distortions of chinoiserie. Mirroring Europe, the Chinese court simultaneously appropriated European arts in a symmetrical phenomenon of ‘Europeenerie’. This case study shows that unlike many later Orientalist relationships, the unique compatibility between China and Europe in the eighteenth century made it possible for each society to make the other culturally meaningful.
Two-dimensional paraunitary cosine modulated perfect reconstruction filter banks

In this paper, we construct two-dimensional (2D) FIR paraunitary Cosine Modulated Filter Banks (CMFB). All the analysis and synthesis filters are cosine-modulated versions of a 2D non-separable prototype; each filter consists of two shifts of the prototype. The design of the filter bank involves only the optimization of the prototype. Furthermore, the complexity of the 2D filter bank is that of the prototype plus two non-separable DCT matrices.
Fibre to the home – infrastructure deployment issues

To date the use of optical fibre in the access network has typically only proved cost effective for supplying the high-bandwidth demands of large corporate companies. For new and established network operators, however, the increasing demand for bandwidth to deliver bearer, interactive and bundled services to business and residential customers is requiring them to seriously consider the high volume roll-out of optical-fibre-based systems. Network operators therefore face some major decisions, not only in terms of the type of fibre transmission systems to deploy, but also on how to install a cost-effective network of fibre cables, ducting and joints to connect to the customers they wish to serve. Installing fibre in the ground represents a major commitment and a long term investment. Network operators can typically expected the fibre infrastructure to equate to at least 60% of the cost of the overall access transmission system. Planning and building such networks involves major investment at the outset, and, in today”s highly competitive markets, operators are faced with the added complications of uncertain take-up of services by customers and the likelihood of high customer churn. This paper focuses on “fibre to the home” (FTTH) and the deployment options and challenges for the physical fibre infrastructure. The key difference associated with connecting optical fibre to residential properties instead of business properties is not technical but commercial. There is typically a much smaller potential revenue from a residential property than from a business property. This leads to a need for cost optimisation of both the transmission system and the fibre infrastructure. This paper examines the fibre infrastructure issues that need to be considered for an FTTH deployment and describes the fibre access network modelling activities carried out by BTexact's Broadband Network Engineering unit. The aim of this modelling is both to automate the planning of, and to optimise the costs of deploying, access networks based on real geographical and demographic data.