cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Reinvention of Academic Entrepreneurship

What a delight it is to have this “essay” invited to appear in this edition of the Journal of Small Business Management (JSBM). Most of the research papers included in this issue were written by se...
Why China Wants a Bilateral Investment Treaty with the United States

With much fanfare, the United States and China have recently begun negotiating a high level Bilateral Investment Trade (BIT) that is intended to significantly increase reciprocal flows of capital investment in both countries. This capital can be used in invest in or acquire existing companies in the host sate by companies located in the investor state. The United States believes that a BIT will help “level the playing field” for U.S. companies because many lucrative sectors in China are either completely closed to foreign investment or are subject to restrictions. The United States believes that a BIT will bring new business opportunities for U.S. companies in China and will also encourage Chinese companies to establish new companies or acquire existing companies in the United States, leading to more American jobs. While the benefits to the United States are often touted, there is little analysis in the media or commentary about the benefits to China of a BIT. As China is a one Party state, China will not enter into a BIT with the United States for economic reasons alone but also for political, strategic, and policy reasons. This article identifies three key strategic objectives for China under a U.S.-China BIT: (1) expansion of the reach and power of China’s massive state-owned enterprises; (2) acquisition of U.S. technology and intellectual property assets; and (3) evasion or mitigation of the effects of border measures imposed by the United States on imported goods from China. All three objectives are crucial to China’s long term global strategy to become a leading power in international business and trade.
Fixed-structure controller design for discrete-time systems with actuator amplitude and rate saturation constraints

We develop fixed-order (i.e., full- and reduced-order) controllers for linear discrete-time systems with actuator amplitude and rate saturation constraints. The problem is formulated as a multiobjective problem involving a convex combination of an l/sub 1/ norm and the H/sub 2/ norm to capture actuator saturation constraints and closed-loop system performance in the face of exogenous white noise disturbances.
Renal Abscess Due to Community-acquired Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a 15-Year-old Girl.

Infections caused by community-acquired (CA) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae are an increasing public health concern. We report a 15-year-old girl with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections who developed a right renal abscess. Percutaneous abscess drainage and subsequent microbiological culture revealed CA-ESBL Escherichia coli. To our knowledge, this is the first reported pediatric case of CA-ESBL E coli renal abscess complicating urinary tract infection. Establishing a definitive diagnosis of ESBL E coli renal abscess may necessitate obtaining a microbiological culture via surgical specimen, especially in children with apparent risk factors for the selection of ESBL-producing organisms.
Automated Retrieval of Cloud and Aerosol Properties from the ARM Raman Lidar. Part II: Extinction

AbstractA feature detection and extinction retrieval (FEX) algorithm for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s (ARM) Raman lidar (RL) has been developed. Presented here is Part II of the FEX algorithm: the retrieval of cloud and aerosol extinction profiles. The directly retrieved extinction profiles using the Raman method are supplemented by other retrieval methods developed for elastic backscatter lidars. Portions of features where the extinction-to-backscatter ratios (i.e., lidar ratios) can be obtained are used to infer the lidar ratios for the regions where no such estimate can be made. When neither directly retrieved nor an inferred value can be determined, a climatological lidar ratio is used. This best-estimate approach results in the need to use climatological lidar ratios for less than about 5% of features, except for thin cirrus at the ARM tropical western Pacific Darwin site, where above 12 km, about 20% of clouds use a climatological lidar ratio. A classification of feature type is m...
The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Neutron Matter

Abstract We present a model-independent description of low-density neutron matter based on the virial expansion. The virial equation of state provides a benchmark for all nuclear equations of state at densities and temperatures where the interparticle separation is large compared to the thermal wavelength. We calculate the second virial coefficient directly from the nucleon–nucleon scattering phase shifts. Our results for the pressure, energy, entropy and the free energy correctly include the physics of the large neutron–neutron scattering length. We find that, as in the universal regime, thermodynamic properties of neutron matter scale over a wide range of temperatures, but with a significantly reduced interaction coefficient compared to the unitary limit.
Role of travel information in supporting travel decision adaption: exploring spatial patterns

How consumers acquire dynamic traveller information to adjust their travel behaviour is a key component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The association between information acquisition/adjustments and various contextual factors can be captured in traditional statistical models, referred to as a global model. These models provide one overall set of estimated coefficients. However, associations between correlates may vary over space. Specifically, people living in different locations may have different information acquisition patterns and may respond differently to dynamic information, which cannot be fully captured in a global model. Consequently, this study uses Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) – a locally-based model as an alternative, to answer the following questions: (1) which factors are associated with traveller information acquisition and decision adaption, (2) whether these associations are the same over the entire study region and (3) how are these associations distributed spa...
Development of an efficient synthesis for a nipecotate-containing immunopotentiator

The preparation of Elanco Animal Health immunopotentiator (S)-ethyl-1-(2-thiopheneacetyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylate (1) is described. The synthesis includes a new resolution of racemic ethyl nipecotate with dibenzoyl-l-tartaric acid. The resolved salt is found to couple directly with commercially available 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride under environmentally friendly Schotten−Baumann conditions to afford the amide in high yield. The final product is an oil which is purified by wiped film evaporative distillation.
Aeroelastic instability and response of advanced aircraft wings at subsonic flight speeds

A unified aeroelastic model developed towards investigating the flutter instability and subcritical aeroelastic response to a sharp-edged gust load in the compressible subsonic flight speed range is presented. The aircraft wing is modeled as an anisotropic composite thin-walled beam featuring circumferentially asymmetric stiffness lay-up which generates preferred elastic couplings. A number of non-classical effects such as transverse shear, warping restraint, and the 3-D strain effects are incorporated in the structural model. The unsteady aerodynamic loads in subsonic flow are based on 2-D indicial functions in conjunction with aerodynamic strip theory extended to a 3-D wing model. The numerical results reveal that elastic tailoring and warping restraint play a significant role on the flutter instability and dynamic response of composite aircraft wings.
About the development of a point of sale system: an experience report

This report comprises some experiences, which were made during the development of a point of sale (POS) system. Specific about the project is the fact that it started as an attempt to develop customizable standard software, and then was restructured to deliver a unique project solution. This report details the situation before and after the restructuring, and discusses the experiences made through the ongoing development. These experiences relate mostly to three areas, which are: software project management, prototyping, and testing.
Potential role of biofilms in deep cervical abscess.

Abstract Objectives Deep neck abscesses are complex head & neck problems that can lead to significant complications including life threatening infections. It is understood that the pathology of these infections is primarily polymicrobial. Although broad spectrum antibiotics can be effective for small abscesses, larger abscesses can be recalcitrant and difficult to treat with antibiotics. It has been demonstrated for several infectious diseases, including some of head & neck, that biofilm phenotypes present a unique model for recurrence and chronicity of infectious diseases. It is suspected that biofilm phenotypes could play a crucial role in the recalcitrance of large deep neck abscesses. This study presents initial evidence indicating the presence of polymicrobial biofilms in deep neck space infections. Methods Fourteen samples obtained via biopsy of abscess walls from deep neck spaces of patients undergoing surgical drainage. Eight patients were male and 6 were female. All but one patient were pediatric with ages ranging from 18 months to 32 years. All samples were processed and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. Results Electron micrographs of 12 out of 14 specimens showed discrete biofilm architecture with individual bacteria, both rods and cocci, embedded within the matrix. This was starkly different from tissue surfaces devoid of biofilms. Conclusions This initial evidence suggests that biofilm phenotypes could play a role in the pathogenesis and recalcitrance of deep neck infections, particularly in larger abscesses.
General chair's introduction

On behalf of the WASPAA 2011 Organizing committee, it is my great pleasure to welcome you to the workshop! We have been working since the last WASPAA to ensure that our tradition of excellent workshops is continued, and we are very proud and excited to present this year's program. By virtue of the unique venue provided by the Mohonk Mountain House, WASPAA is a meeting unlike any other, with the emphasis as much on informal discussions in a relaxing atmosphere as on the formal technical presentations.
Outcomes of endoscopic pyloric stenting in malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a retrospective study

Up to 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer and more than 50% of patients with gastric cancer already have incurable disease, with distressing symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction at the time of presentation which require effective palliation. We decided to test the clinical outcomes of endoscopic stent placement in malignant gastric outlet obstruction. In a retrospective single institution-based study, the charts of patients who had self-expandable metal stents placed to alleviate malignant gastric outlet obstruction were reviewed. Charts were reviewed to assess improvement in oral intake according to the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System (GOOSS), and in order to also evaluate technical success and complications of the procedure. 69 patients with successful stent placement were retrospectively evaluated. Within 7 and 28 days after stent placement respectively, 85.5% and 80% benefited from stent insertion, with an increase in the GOOSS score of > 1. Resumption of soft or low residue diet (GOOSS 2-3) was achieved in 53.6% at day 7 and in 62% of patients at day 28, respectively. Of the patients achieving a GOOSS score of 2-3, 17.3% remained on a soft or low residue diet at 24 weeks or at last follow up, while 46% died. Stent related adverse events occurred in 10 patients (14%), including stent blockade in 7 and stent migration in 3 patients. Endoscopic enteral stenting promptly increases oral intake in the majority of patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction and is a safe procedure with a low rate of serious complications.
Lunar Crater Origin in the Maria from Analysis of Orbiter Photographs

Attempt to diagnose the origin of craters that are predominantly between 100 and 2000 m diam by the use of a statistical method that is capable of measuring both the chaining and clustering of craters. It is argued that craters with aligned centers that trend in parallel directions over vast distances are exclusively of internal origin. Strong evidence that a high proportion of the chains are of tectonic origin is found. Other criteria, such as a systematic change in the number density of craters over a test area or an excess of craters on a recent lava flow, are also used to argue for endogenic craters. Using all the data together, it is found that at least 33%, but not more than 51%, of the craters sampled are of endogenic origin. It is shown that the flux of meteoroids has not necessarily varied for the past few billion years.
Organic and inorganic selenium: II. Transfer efficiency from ewes to lambs.

Adequate Se transfer from ewes to lambs is important to prevent Se-deficiency diseases. To evaluate how different chemical forms of Se admin- istered at comparative dosages to mature ewes affect Se status of their lambs, 240 ewes were divided into 8 treatment groups (n = 30 each) and drenched weekly (at an amount equal to their summed daily intake) with no-Se (controls); at recommended amounts (4.9 mg of Se/wk) with inorganic Na-selenite, inorganic Na-selenate, or organic Se-yeast; or at supranutritional amounts (14.7 and 24.5 mg of Se/wk) with Na-selenite or Se-yeast for 1 yr. Weekly drenching of Se was effec- tive at increasing (P < 0.002) Se concentrations in ewe colostrum and milk at 30 d of lactation and in improv- ing (P < 0.001) the Se status of lambs (whole-blood and serum-Se concentrations at birth, and skeletal-muscle Se concentrations at 14 d of age). Selenium concentra- tions in lacteal secretions were greater in ewes drenched with Se-yeast (colostrum: 374, 436, and 982 ng/mL at 4.9, 14.7, and 24.5 mg of Se/wk, respectively; milk: 26, 39, 64 ng/mL) compared with ewes drenched with Na- selenite (colostrum: 204, 334, 428 ng/mL; milk: 16, 21, 24 ng/mL), and were also greater (P < 0.001) in their lambs. Selenium concentrations continued to increase (P < 0.001) in lamb whole blood (558 and 695 ng/ mL at 14.7 and 24.5 mg of Se/wk, respectively), serum (126, 183 ng/mL), and skeletal muscle (991, 1,696 ng/ mL) with supranutritional concentrations of Se-yeast, whereas Se concentrations did not differ in whole blood (304, 332 ng/mL), serum (77, 85 ng/mL), or skeletal muscle (442, 482 ng/mg) of lambs from ewes drenched with 14.7 or 24.5 mg of Se/wk of Na-selenite. We con- clude that weekly oral drenching of ewes during ges- tation and lactation with organic Se-yeast results in a more efficient transfer of Se (over a wide range of supplementation rates) from ewe to lamb than does in- organic Na-selenite.
Selective attention and the auditory vertex potential. I. Effects of stimulus delivery rate.

Enhancement of the auditory vertex potentials with selective attention to dichotically presented tone pips was found to be critically sensitive to the range of inter-stimulus intervals in use. Only at the shortest intervals was a clear-cut enhancement of the latency component to stimuli observed for the attended ear.
Lower mortality for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in high-volume hospitals is contingent upon nurse staffing.

One of the most consistently observed and frequently reported relationships in health services research is that of the volume–outcomes relationship. Hospitals in which specific surgical procedures are performed more often, or in some cases hospitals in which the volume of specific medical conditions is greater, experience mortality rates for patients that are significantly lower than in other hospitals. This volume–outcomes relationship has led many to endorse referral of high-risk surgeries to high-volume hospitals under the assumption that higher hospital surgical volumes will be associated with better patient outcomes and decreased costs of health care (Leapfrog Group, Evidence Based Hospital Referral 2010). Similarly, a volume–outcomes relationship has been suggested between provider volume and patient outcomes. However, the causal mechanisms that underlie the relationship between volumes, whether it is hospital or surgeon volume, and outcomes are not well understood. This study seeks to examine a potential mediator of the hospital volume–outcomes relationship, specifically nursing. In the hundreds of studies appearing in the literature on the hospital volumes and mortality association, very few have considered nursing. It has been well established that nursing varies considerably across hospitals and that variation is found in nurse staffing, nurse education, and the quality of the nurse practice environment, and all of these characteristics are associated with mortality (Kane et al. 2007; Aiken et al. 2008). As nursing is a major intervention provided by hospitals, this study seeks to determine whether, and to what extent, nurse staffing, nurse education, and the nurse practice environment explain the relationship between increased hospital volumes of high-risk operations and better patient outcomes. Specifically, this article examines the role of nurse staffing, nurse education, and the nurse practice environment and hospital surgical volume after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair to further examine the underlying mechanisms leading to the volume–outcomes relationship.
Optical properties of aluminum fluoride based glasses

Transparent and colorless glass rods have been obtained from the A1F3-ZrF4-YF3-CaF2-SrF2-BaF2-NaF (AZYCSBN) and A1F3-BaF2- CaF2-YF3-SrF2 (ABCYS) systems. Chemical durability and certain optical properties of these glasses have been investigated and compared with ZBLAN. The infrared transparency of AZYCSBN is slightly less than ZBLAN but higher than the ABCYS glass system. A1F3 based glasses appear to offer some interesting opportunities for short range IR fiber applications such as sensing, remote spectroscopy and laser power propagation.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Impact of Spiral Computed Tomography on the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism in a Community Hospital Setting

Background: While the optimal role of spiral CT angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) remains controversial, this technology is already being widely utilized
Theory of the Variations in Paramagnetic Anisotropy Among Different Salts of the Iron Group

A theoretical explanation is given of why nickel salts are nearly isotropic magnetically, while those of cobalt exhibit over 25 percent anisotropy even though the ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{++}$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}^{++}$ ions are both in $F$ states and are adjacent in the periodic table. The cause is an inversion of the levels in the crystalline Stark effect in passing from the configuration ${d}^{8}^{3}F({\mathrm{Ni}}^{++})$ to ${d}^{7}^{4}F({\mathrm{Co}}^{++})$. If the crystalline field has only rhombic symmetry, but with the deviations from cubic symmetry comparatively small, extension of the methods in Penney and Schlapp's preceding paper shows that a nearly isotropic level will be the ground level in ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{++}$, but an anisotropic one in ${\mathrm{Co}}^{++}$. It is to be particularly noted that the inversion exists purely in virtue of the difference between the configurations ${d}^{7}$ and ${d}^{8}$, and does not require different crystalline fields in Ni and Co compounds. The theory predicts that hydrated Ni salts conform closer to Curie's law than those of Co, and have a Curie constant more nearly equal to the "spin only" value $\frac{4NS(\mathrm{S}+1){(\frac{\mathrm{he}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}\mathrm{mc}})}^{2}}{3k}$. This agrees with experiment. Other pairs of ions are cited in the iron group in which the inversion phenomenon is encountered, with attendant diversity in magnetic behavior. The nearly perfect magnetic isotropy of manganous salts is trivial, as the ground state of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ is $^{6}S$; the slight anisotropy may be due to a small amount of incipient $j\ensuremath{-}j$ coupling or to distortion of the constancy of orbital angular momentum by the crystalline field, so that the orbital magnetic moment does not vanish completely in $S$ states.
Changes in the functional properties of bovine hemoglobin induced by covalent modification with polyethylene glycol.

Polyethylene glycol conjugation to proteins and peptides (PEGylation) has been shown to promote increased retention time in the circulation as well as to blunt immune or allergic reactions. PEGylated bovine hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) is being explored in human clinical trials as an oxygen delivering agent for the sensitization of solid tumors to radiation therapy. In this study the functional properties of PEG-Hb were compared to those of bovine hemoglobin (Hb), the mutant human hemoglobin Rothchild and bovine hemoglobin crosslinked between the beta chains. The rate of heme transfer from Hb to serum albumin at pH 9.0 was greatly increased by PEGylation, suggesting destabilization of the heme-globin linkage and of the bonds between aB dimers. Measurement of oxygen binding equilibrium showed that the oxygen affinity of Hb became unusually dependent on temperature and Hb concentration after PEGylation. Evidence is presented to suggest that PEGylation of lysine β-81 at the entrance to the central cavity of the Hb te...
Diverse roles for the LDL receptor family

The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family consists of several related scavenger receptors that not only function as important cargo transporters, but also inform the cell of changes in its environment by mediating signaling responses. The LDL receptor was the first family member to be characterized and its function seems to be restricted to lipoprotein metabolism. By contrast, lipoprotein metabolism does not appear to be the exclusive function of the other characterized LDL receptor family members. It is now apparent that cargo transport by members of the LDL receptor family is closely associated with regulation of cellular physiology and cellular signaling events. Here, we focus on the diverse biological activities of certain members of this family.
Pre-ablative high-resolution MRA facilitates electrophysiologic pulmonary vein ablation and reduces fluoroscopy time in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Pulmonary MRA generates high-resolution images of the pulmonary veins (PV) and left atrium (LA), permitting characterization of complex PV anatomy, which is useful in electrophysiologic PV catheter ablation, a proven technique for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-ablative pulmonary MRA with intra-ablative viewing facilitates ablation by reducing fluoroscopy time. We studied the morphology of the LA and PV at 1.5T (Magnetom Sonata, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen Germany) with breath-held gadolinium-enhanced 3D MRA in 7 patients with PAF undergoing PV ablation. Data was volume rendered (VR) on a stereoscopic workstation. PV ostial diameter and cross-sectional area measurements were obtained on multi-planar reformatted (MPR) images. VR datasets were converted into digital movies and were viewed on a laptop computer adjacent to real-time fluoroscopic images. Fluoroscopy times for patients undergoing pre-ablative MPA mapping were compared with a cohort of 22 consecutive patients diagnosed with PAF who underwent catheter ablation without pre-ablative MRA planning. Mean PV ablation fluoroscopic time with MRA planning versus fluoroscopic imaging alone were 84±20 minutes and 114±20 minutes respectively. Pre-ablative MRA planning resulted in a significant mean fluoroscopy time savings of 26% (p<0.05). In patients with PAF undergoing PV ablation, analysis of MRA datasets depicting PV anatomy confirms that there is great variability in anatomy between veins. Pre-ablative 3D PV mapping by MRA greatly facilitates fluoroscopic identification of individual veins and significantly reduces fluoroscopic radiation time.
Cognitive skill development in adult student advising

Student advising in the University Without Walls (UWW) program at the University of Minnesota centers on helping students develop the cognitive skills described in Bloom's taxonomy as knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Program advisors assist students in designing their degree programs and oversee students' progress through the graduation process. Each phase of student advising incorporates one or more of the cognitive skills. Advisors assess students' skill development in the early stages of their programs and then help students further develop the skills throughout the UWW program.
Successful treatment of radiation nephropathy with angiotensin II blockade

Abstract Purpose : The aim of this report is to document the successful treatment of radiation nephropathy. Methods : Clinical case report with statistical analysis of evolution of kidney function. Results : A case of radiation nephropathy was found in a kidney transplant recipient whose kidney transplant had been irradiated with 750 cGy 23 years previously. Use of the angiotensin II blocker, losartan, was associated with significant stabilization of the kidney function. Conclusion : Radiation nephropathy can be successfully treated. Other normal-tissue radiation injuries may also be treatable.
V. Ionization, excitation, and dissociation of gases

1. 1. A discussion of Smyth's investigation of the nature of the positive ion (i. e. whether atomic or molecular) following ionization by electron impact, and of the writer's investigation on the d...
Detection of E. coli using SERS active filters with silver nanorod array

Abstract Silver nanorod (AgNR) arrays fabricated by oblique angle deposition technique has been demonstrated as a highly reproducible and sensitive substrate for intrinsic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of various types of small molecules, but its application in bacterial detection has been largely limited due to low sensitivity. In this study, we introduce a new type of AgNR substrates based on filter membranes for potential improvements in assay sensitivity. AgNRs are successfully deposited on the smooth surface of Anodisc and GA-8 filters (pore size = 0.2 μm), and the resultant AgNR filter substrates are used for pre-concentration of bacterial cells and subsequent on-chip SERS detection. With such AgNR filters, improved bacterial SERS signal is observed with the increase of sample volume, and the limit of detection (LOD) for Escherichia coli is reduced by at least two orders of magnitude compared with the standard glass AgNR substrates after 10 mL of samples are concentrated and dried on the filter for 10–20 min. Lower LODs could potentially be achieved by adopting larger sample volumes or further improvements in the surface morphology of the filter substrates.
Demonstration of the importance for cellulose hydrolysis of CelS, the most abundant cellulosomal cellulase in Chlostridium thermocellum

Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria use different mechanisms to degrade cellulose, with many aerobic microorganisms secreting a synergistic set of individual enzymes that includes multiple cellulases, most of which contain a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) in addition to their catalytic domain (free enzyme mechanism). Anaerobic microorganisms usually produce a similar set of enzymes, but they are present in large multienzyme complexes (>1 million molecular weight) called cellulosomes (cellulosomal mechanism) (1). Most of the cellulosomal enzymes do not contain a CBM, but the scaffoldin protein in the cellulosome does contain a CBM. At this time, there are still a number of unanswered questions about how cellulosomes are able to degrade cellulose so well, despite their large size, which should limit their access to the cellulose surface, much of which is present in narrow pores (2). One suggestion is that enzyme proximity on the cellulosomes increases the rate of cellulose degradation, but it would seem that enzyme proximity would be most effective if enzymes were incorporated in a specific order in cellulosomes. All of the different cohesin domains in the scaffoldin protein have equal affinity for all of the docerin domains present on the cellulosomal enzymes so that it is thought that the enzymes are randomly incorporated into cellulosomes, but this has not been proven. Synergism between cellulases that have different sites of attack (i.e., endocellulases and exocellulases) is important for crystalline cellulose degradation by both mechanisms, because the specific activity of a synergistic mixture can be up to 15 times that of the most active individual cellulase (3).
Resisting the Politics of Despair

Les categories sociales sont des creations culturelles et non naturelles. Dans cette epoque postmoderne, la technologie contribue a la decentralisation et au particularisme mais les anthropologues doivent-ils soutenir les clitoridectomies au nom de l'anti-racisme ? Les frontieres entre anthropologie et sociologie deviennent plus permeables alors qu'en anthropologie et dans l'education, la distinction entre le sujet et l'objet, entre l'enqueteur et l'enquete s'estompe. L'A. se demande si les personnes experimentent les troubles, les ambiguites, les fragmentations associes a la condition postmoderne dans leur vie quotidienne. Il montre les dangers d'une politique de desespoir que l'antimodernisme peut mettre en avant
Biotransformation of Salicylic Acid to Its Acyl and Phenolic Glucuronides in Man

Computer simulations were used to determine suitable experimental conditions for distinguishing between a recently developed pharmacokinetic model for salicylate elimination (involving saturable salicyl phenolic glucuronide formation) and a previously proposed model (based on the assumption that the syntheses of salicyl phenolic and acyl glucuronides are apparent first-order processes). Experimental studies in man designed on the basis of these simulations yielded results which are in agreement with the new pharmacokinetic model and which represent further evidence that man has a limited capacity to form salicyl phenolic glucuronide.
An examination of the potential effects of food limitation on the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tolerance of Diaptomus minutus

Summary 1 A series of field and laboratory experiments was performed to test the possible influence of food limitation on UVR tolerance in the calanoid copepod Diaptomusminutus. 2 Food-limited animals incubated at 0.5 m in a clear-water lake for over three days showed no evidence for increased mortality compared to food-replete animals when exposed to UVR. 3 Animals exposed to artificial UVR in the laboratory showed high mortality. There was no evidence that feeding improved UVR tolerance. 4 The results of these experiments show that UVR tolerance is not affected by a short-term lack of energy or a lack of essential nutrients. However, effects of non-nutritive dietary components such as carotenoids and mycosporine-like amino acids cannot be excluded.
ATG12-ATG3 interacts with Alix to promote basal autophagic flux and late endosome function

The ubiquitin-like molecule ATG12 is required for the early steps of autophagy. Recently, we identified ATG3, the E2-like enzyme required for LC3 lipidation during autophagy, as an ATG12 conjugation target. Here, we demonstrate that cells lacking ATG12-ATG3 have impaired basal autophagic flux, accumulation of perinuclear late endosomes, and impaired endolysosomal trafficking. Furthermore, we identify an interaction between ATG12-ATG3 and the ESCRT-associated protein Alix (also known as PDCD6IP) and demonstrate that ATG12-ATG3 controls multiple Alix-dependent processes including late endosome distribution, exosome biogenesis and viral budding. Similar to ATG12-ATG3, Alix is functionally required for efficient basal, but not starvation-induced, autophagy. Overall, these results identify a link between the core autophagy and ESCRT machineries and uncover a role for ATG12-ATG3 in late endosome function that is distinct from the canonical role of either ATG in autophagosome formation.
Chitosan chemical hydrogel electrode binder for direct borohydride fuel cells

Abstract A novel and cost-effective electrode binder consisting of chitosan chemical hydrogel (CCH) is reported for direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs). The DBFCs have been assembled with Misch-metal-based AB 5 alloy as anode, carbon-supported palladium (Pd/C) as cathode and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel membrane electrolyte (PHME) as well as Nafion ® -117 membrane electrolyte (NME) as separators. Operating in passive mode without using peristaltic pump and under ambient conditions of temperature as well as pressure, the DBFC exhibited a maximum peak power density of about 81 mW cm − 2 .
Damping of Orbital Inclinations by Bending Waves

An inclined secondary orbiting in a disk will launch bending waves from resonance sites where the Doppler shifted forcing frequency matches the disk's natural frequency for vertical oscillations. These vertical resonances are of two types: external resonances falling interior and exterior to the perturber's semimajor axis that excite its inclination and coorbiting resonances that fall at the perturber's orbit and damp its inclination. We show that torques from coorbiting resonances dominate the bending wave interaction for a constant density disk. In this case the inclination ultimately decay and an estimate of the characteristic time scale for this process is made.
Role of oxygen on the interfacial adsorption sites of Lu and La in β-Si3N4

Abstract Molecular dynamics computer simulations show the important role of oxygen replacing nitrogen at surface sites in the prismatic surface of β-Si3N4 on the adsorption of rare-earth ions from the intergranular film. Such adsorption affects the grain morphology, which plays an important role in mechanical properties. The simulations successfully obtain the correct Lu sites Lu1 and Lu2 on the prismatic surface with O replacement at specific combinations of N surface sites. The results match the experimental high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy data. Unlike the Lu results, surface oxidation does not have a large effect on La adsorption sites on the prismatic surface, but does have an influence on the La surface occupancy. The simulation results provide the mechanisms for both the experimental variances observed for the adsorption sites of these two rare-earth additives in the intergranular films and can be used to explain the different grain growth behavior seen experimentally.
Simulating electrostatic effects on electronic transitions in proteins

Biopolymer fluorescence in biology and biochemistry is increasingly used for characterising equilibrium, dynamics and imaging. This is typically done by monitoring wavelength and intensity changes ...
CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES WITH TWO 13C LABELS

Abstract An efficient preparation of doubly 13 C-labeled methyl nitroacetate and its application in the preparation of six doubly labeled amino acid derivatives are reported. This versatile precursor should allow the convenient preparation of many classes of natural and non-natural doubly labeled amino acids.
An Experimental Study of Parametrically Excited Cantilever Beam and System Identification of Nonlinear Modes

The nonlinear response of a parametrically excited cantilevered beam is experimentally investigated and nonlinear system identification techniques are used to generate nonlinear modal models to explain the observed behavior. Three techniques are applied to data from simulation of a nonlinear single-mode model as well as from experiments, for a beam which is excited with stationary harmonic input at nearly twice the frequency of the beam’s second mode. The first technique is based on the continuous-time differential equation model of the system, the second uses relationships generated by the method of harmonic balance, and the third is based on fitting steady-state response data to steady-state amplitude and phase predictions resulting from a multiple time scales analysis. Each approach is successful when applied to identify models from simulation data. For the experimental data obtained from a beam under nominally identical conditions, difficulties with using higher harmonic information lead to the incorporation of nonlinear damping terms and an investigation of two-mode behavior. Simulated two-mode behavior demonstrates how the beam’s third mode, with natural frequency nearly three times the frequency of the second mode, is excited in the physical structure, thus explaining the mismatch between the previous model and experiment at the third harmonic in the beam’s response.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Mode of action of 9-β-d-arabinosyladenine and 1-β-d-arabinosylcytosine on DNA synthesis in human lymphoblasts

Abstract The effects of 9-β- d -arabinosyladenine (AraAde), 1-β- d -arabinosylcytosine (AraCyt) and 2′-deoxyadenosine on DNA replication in cultured human lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM line) were studied by pulse-labeling cells with [ 3 H]-thymidine and analyzing the nascent DNA by velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. At doses that reduced the overall rate of DNA synthesis to 50–70% of control values, both AraAde and AraCyt profoundly inhibited the formation of new replicons, with secondary effects on chain elongation contributing to the total inhibition of DNA synthesis. In contrast, the suppression of DNA synthesis by 2′-deoxyadenosine stemmed mainly from an inhibition of chain elongation. These studies also disclosed that about 100 times more AraAde than AraCyt was required to produce a similar inhibition of DNA replication in CCRF-CEM cells. Determination of intracellular concentrations of the nucleoside triphosphates (AraCTP and AraATP) indicated that 90% inhibition of DNA synthesis was achieved at 1.6 and 25 pmol/l · 10 6 cells, respectively. Studies with cell lysates revealed that the replicative machinery in CCRF-CEM cells is more sensitive to AraCTP than to AraATP. This finding contrasts with earlier research, in which the inhibition of purified DNA polymerase by either AraATP of AraCTP yielded essentially the same K i value. The difference in sensitivity of the cell lysate to these arabinonucleotides may reflect either a target enzyme other than DNA polymerase or, more plausibly, some subtle interaction of the polymerase with other components of the replicative process.
Lack of protective effect of estrogens on cerebral Aβ levels in intact female and male APP transgenic mice

In previous experiments, treatment with either 17β-estradiol or 17α-estradiol decreased cerebral β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) levels in ovariectomized female APPSWE transgenic mice, a mouse model for Alzheimer disease-like pathology. However, no effect of ovariectomy itself on cerebral Aβ levels was observed. In the current study, intact female and male APPIND,SWE transgenic mice were treated chronically with oral 17β-estradiol or 17α-estradiol. These treatments did not reduce cerebral Aβ levels or amyloid plaque counts vs. vehicle treated mice. In fact, 17β-estradiol treatment of the intact female mice led to a significant increase in cerebral Aβ levels. Drug Dev. Res. 66:136–141, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using FPGAs to implement self-timed systems

Asynchronous or self-timed systems that do not rely on a global clock to keep system components synchronized can offer significant advantages over traditional clocked circuits in a variety of applications. In order to ease the complexity of this style of design, however, suitable self-timed circuit primitives must be available to the system designer. This article describes a technique for building self-timed circuits and systems using a library of circuit primitives implemented using Actel field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The library modules use a two-phase transition signaling protocol for control signals and a bundled protocol for data signals. A first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer and a simple routing chip are presented as examples of building self-timed circuits using FPGAs.
Risk stratification for the in-hospital mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage: the HAIR score.

The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score is a simple grading scale that can be used to stratify risk of 30 day mortality in ICH patients. A similar risk stratification scale for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is lacking. We sought to develop a risk stratification mortality score for SAH. With approval from the Institutional Review Board, we retrospectively reviewed 400 consecutive SAH patients admitted to our institution from August 1, 2006 to March 1, 2011. The SAH score was developed from a multivariable logistic regression model which was validated with bootstrap method. A separate cohort of 302 SAH patients was used for evaluation of the score. Among 400 patients with SAH, the mean age was 56.9 ± 13.9 years (range, 21.5–96.2). Among the 366 patients with known causes of SAH, 292 (79.8 %) of patients had aneurysmal SAH, 65 (17.8 %) were angiogram negative, and 9 (2 %) were other vascular causes. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20 %. In multivariable analysis, the variables independently associated with the in-hospital mortality were Hunt and Hess score (HH) (p < 0.0001), age (p < 0.0001), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (p = 0.049), and re-bleed (p = 0.01). The SAH score (0–8) was made by adding the following points: HH (HH1-3 = 0, HH4 = 1, HH5 = 4), age (<60 = 0, 60–80 = 1, ≥80 = 2), IVH (no = 0, yes = 1), and re-bleed within 24 h (no = 0, yes = 1). Using our model, the in-hospital mortality rates for patients with score of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 0.9, 4.5, 9.1, 34.5, 52.9, 60, 82.1, and 83.3 % respectively. Validation analysis indicates good predictive performance of this model. The SAH score allows a practical method of risk stratification of the in-hospital mortality. The in-hospital mortality increases with increasing SAH mortality score. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings.
A Direct Synthesis of Renewable Sulfonate-Based Surfactants

Sulfonate-based anionic surfactants were generated in 2–3 steps from fructose by conversion of fructose to a furan followed by generation of the sulfonate.
Prevalence and assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in different age groups

The prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia among 363 chemosensory and nasal/sinus patients was studied, as was the accuracy with which our clinical questionnaire could assess these dysfunctions. We then investigated whether patients with parosmia or phantosmia, matched for odor intensity, perform poorer on odor identification than do patients with no dysosmia. More than 40% of the study group evidenced either parosmia (18.7%) and/or phantosmia (25.6%), a finding that suggests that more attention should be paid by the medical practitioner in addressing qualitative olfactory dysfunction. Furthermore, it appears that assessment of these dysfunctions may aid in differential diagnosis, and that questionnaires can be used with reasonable validity irrespective of the patient's age. Finally, the results imply that parosmia may be reflected in a discrepancy between odor identification and detection.
The moderating roles of perceived complementarity and substitutability on the perceived manufacturing difficulty–extension attitude relationship

Abstract The extant brand extension literature shows a curvilinear relationship between consumers' perceived difficulty of manufacturing the brand extension and their attitude towards the extension. This paper advances this research area by investigating the moderating roles of consumption-fit dimensions. Specifically, this research examines how the perceptions of the product extension's complementarity and substitutability affect the relationship between perceived difficulty of manufacturing the extension and extension attitude. To test these relationships, the study uses a four-country sample comprising of both graduate and undergraduate students. Study results demonstrate that perceived complementarity helps easy-to-make extensions while hurting difficult-to-make extensions, but perceived substitutability hurts extension attitude. These findings advance theory and offer managerial implications. Product and brand managers need to consider the joint effects of consumption fit and extension difficulty while using brand extension strategies.
Strengthening of Bone Cement by Shape Optimization of Short Fibers

Poor interfacial properties between reinforcement fibers and a Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix may result in debonding between them, which is a major failure mechanism for fiber reinforced bone cement. Optimization of the shape of the fibers can improve load transfer between the fibers and PMMA matrix, thereby providing maximum overall strength performance. This paper presents a procedure for structural shape optimization of short reinforcement fibers using finite element analyses. The composite is modeled by a representative element composed of a single short fiber embedded in PMMA matrix. In contrast to most previous work on this subject, contact elements are employed between the fiber and the matrix to model a low strength interface. Most models assume a perfect bond. Residual stress, due to matrix cure shrinkage and/or thermal stresses, is also included in the model. The design objective is to improve the stiffness of the composite. The results presented show that a threaded end, short fiber results in mechanical interlock between the fibers and the PMMA matrix, which helps to bridge matrix cracks effectively and improve the stiffness of the composite.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Impact of a ship passage on bacteria levels and suspended sediment characteristics in the Buffalo River, New York

Ship traffic in freshwater rivers may impact water quality by resuspending contaminated bottom sediment. Water samples were analyzed from two different depths at three sites across a transect of the Buffalo River, NY, before and after passage of a lake-going ship. Samples from all sites were analyzed for fecal coliform (FC), heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and total suspended solids (TSS). The levels of all test parameters increased immediately after the ship passed with the largest increases observed at mid-channel sites. Epifluorescent direct counts of mid-channel samples showed that the bacteria in the water column increased significantly (p < 0.001) at both 1 and 4 m below the surface and were positively correlated with TSS (r = 0.84). Particle size distribution in the upper water column was determined by automated image analysis. The median particle size class, by volume, before and after the ship passed was 48.9–56.6 μm and 366.5–391 μm, respectively. A few large flocculated particles accounted for most of the volume of the resuspended sediment. Resuspension of flocculated, bacteria-laden particles affects bacterial transport dynamics in riverine systems. The characteristics of flocculated sediments in suspension therefore should be considered in water quality modeling.
A CCD-Based Parallel Analog Processor

The development of a CCD-based parallel analog processor is described. The singleinstruction, multiple-data (SIMD) architecture allows substantial throughput improvements when compared to conventional serial image processing hardware. The heart of the concept is a single-chip array of analog processing elements interconnected with a two-dimensional CCD shift register network. The same analog operation is performed on all cells simultaneously. The device shows great promise in medium resolution (100 x 100) applications (such as guided weapons and robotics) where it can be directly interfaced with a staring focal plane through bump interconnections.