cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “Large-Firm” Effect? Bettor Preferences and Market Prices in NCAA Football

Abstract: NCAA football has a clear classification of “large” (AQ) and “small” (non-AQ) conferences. This setting lends itself to the testing of the “small-firm” effect found in financial markets in the college football betting market. The “small-firm” effect occurs when small cap firms outperform large cap firms; typically attributed to difficulty and costs in finding information on small firms. In college football, AQ-teams win more than implied by efficiency against non-AQ teams. At the same time, AQ teams receive a disproportionate share of bets on these games. The likely rationale behind these findings is the incentives created by the BCS system which leads the point spread to not be a true random variable within this market.
Questions concerning the suitability of comparative genomic hybridization for preimplantation genetic diagnosis

The number of embryos transferred after assisted reproductive treatments is often limited in an effort to reduce the incidence of high-order multiple gestations. The embryos selected for transfer are usually chosen on the basis of morphological characteristics that are indicators of viability. However, 40% of morphologically normal embryos harbor chromosome abnormalities, which are likely to severely reduce their developmental competence (1).
Highly concentrated ceramic binder suspensions. Technological principles (Review)

Increasing the temperature of HCBS during wet milling makes it possible to obtain a significant reduction of the anomaly of viscosity (for dilatant, thixotropic-dilatant and thixotropic systems), to decrease the volume of the solvated liquid, and to increase the solubility of the solid phase. All these facts permit one to carry out the milling process at a high concentration and to increase the strength of the ceramic binders.
3D-ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DEMONSTRATES EXCELLENT CORRELATION WITH CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE FOR ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND VOLUMES IN A MODEL OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Magnetic Resonance (MRI) is the gold-standard for quantifying left ventricle (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (LVEF). However, MRI is expensive, not widely available, requires lengthy exam times, and is not a portable technique. We tested the hypothesis that 2D- and 3D-ecochardiography can
Atomic and Molecular Calculations with the Pseudopotential Method. II. Exact Pseudopotentials for Li, Na, K, Rb, Be+, Mg+, Ca+, Al++, Cu, and Zn+

The pseudopotential equation of Phillips and Kleinman is solved numerically for the valence electron of the atoms Li, Na, K, Rb, Be+, Mg+, Ca+, Al++, Cu, and Zn+. In order to be able to use the pseudopotentials in molecular calculations analytic fits consisting of linear combinations of Slater functions are computed for the pseudowavefunctions. For each atom considered, the results are presented in the form of tables from which the total modified potential (Hartree—Fock potential plus pseudopotential) can be generated in any scale. The computed Phillips—Kleinman‐type pseudopotentials are compared to other forms of pseudopotentials and the advantages of the P–K formulation over the other formulations are discussed.
Effect of Formulation and Process Variables on the Dissolution Profile of Naproxen Sodium from Tablets

AbstractResults of this investigation revealed some important formulation characteristics of naproxen sodium. Tablets made from the granules, prepared by wet granulation method using water, showed a significant decrease in solution as compared to those made by dry blending method. During wet granulation, heat was evolved due to the hydration of naproxen sodium resulting in the retardation of dissolution. The pseudo-polymorphism and hydration is being investigated by Bansal et. al. (1). In addition, when polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP K-90) was used instead of PVP K-30, the dissolution was further retarted. Addition of cross carmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol) did not change the dissolution behavior of these tablets. When naproxen sodium was granulated with water, a decrease in dissolution rate was observed as mixing time was increased from 5 minutes to 15 minutes. The increase in hardness of the tablet from 10 Kp to 18Kp did not alter the dissolution profile of naproxen sodium. When granulation was prepared using a ...
Management strategies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic, proximal and distal, asymmetrical or symmetrical, motor and sensory demyelinating polyneuropathy with a progressive course for at least 2 months. The accurate diagnosis is crucial as CIDP is amenable to treatment. Recent advances have provided new strategies and options for management of this syndrome. In this article, we review the clinical and diagnostic features as well as discuss recent insights and treatment strategies along with our experience in the management of patients with CIDP.
Conversion efficiency and pulse shortening of a frequency-tripled, sub-nanosecond, 1.064 μm pulse

Abstract Single pulses from a mode-locked Nd laser are frequency tripled in a cascade process to provide a 3547 A probe for holographic interferometry of laser-produced plasmas. Overall energy conversion in excess of 30% and directly measured pulse shortening of 24% are reported for KDP crystals with an incident intensity of 10 9 W/cm 2 .
Quantum solutions and classical limits for strong Coulomb fields.

Our examination of the classical relativistic equations for the two-body Coulomb problem leads to a natural definition of a ``strong'' Coulomb potential. A classical explanation for the limiting values, or ``breakdown'' of the Dirac hydrogenic atom equations emerges. We also find the surprising result that it is the Dirac equation and not the Klein-Gordon equation that displays a correspondence to the classical relativistic equations.
A simple technique for the distraction and mobilization of the temporomandibular joint condyle in nonreducing disk derangements

The clothespin traction technique described in this article is simple, inexpensive, and offers high patient compliance when used by the patient outside the clinic. This procedure may be effective in recapturing nonreducible disks and regaining range of motion in hypomobile temporomandibular joints.
B-tree page size when caching is considered

The recent article by Gray and Graefe in the Sigmod Record [1] included a study of B-tree page size and the trade-off between page size and the cost of accessing B-tree data. Its goal was to find the page size that would result in the lowest access cost per record. This insightful analysis showed how increasing page size permitted the B-tree to be traversed faster while increasing the amount of data that needed to be read to perform the traversal. Their analysis captures the trade-off between the cost (in time) of each access and how many accesses are needed to traverse the tree.
Threat-Based Definition of Health, Safety, and Welfare in Design: An Overview

The health, safety, and welfare (HSW) of building users is generally assumed to be among the highest of priorities for every design project. Unfortunately, over the years, design educators and practitioners have had few factual and theoretical tools to transform this professional goal into reality. This paper addresses a partial solution to this shortcoming. First, it reviews a simple theoretical framework for defining relationships between public HSW and the designed environment, one emphasizing the potential “threats” posed by “components” of the built environment. It then cites and summarizes key literature related to each category of HSW threats. This combination of a fundamental body of literature and a theoretical framework with which to organize and act upon it should be an important contribution to enhanced HSW accountability in design.
Mutagenic specificity of nitrosomethylurea in bacteriophage T4

Abstract In contrast to alkylating agents such as ethyl methanesulphonate which can induce mutation after treatment of free phage particles, nitrosamides induce mutations only when phage are treated intracellularly during infection of the host. The basis of this intracellular dependence is not currently understood. In this study the mutational specificity of nitrosomethylurea (NMU) in bacteriophage T4 was investigated by measuring the reversion of well-characterized mutants in the rII genes. While no mutation was produced after in vitro treatments of free phagem, in vivo treatments strongly induced G : C → A: T transitions and substantially induced A : T → G : C transitions. Transversions and frameshift mutations were rarely induced. Although methyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of T4 depends upon a phage-encoded error-prone repair system, NMU-induced mutagenesis is independent of this repair system. Similarities in mutagen specificity of nitrosamides and differences in DNA metabolism in T4 when compared to its host, Escherichia coli, suggest that T4 is well-suited for the study of mechanisms of nitrosamide mutagenesis.
Mutation of Tyr307 and Leu309 in the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit favors association with the alpha 4 subunit which promotes dephosphorylation of elongation factor-2.

The cellular location and substrate specificity of the catalytic subunit (C) of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) depend on its interaction with A and B subunits. The distribution of epitope-tagged wild-type or mutated C subunits was studied by transient expression in COS-7 cells. Wild-type tagged C expressed at low levels formed ABC trimer and AC dimer like the endogenous C. Single mutations of C at the site of phosphorylation (Y307F) or carboxymethylation (L309Q) resulted in recovery of only AC dimer. Double mutation of both residues resulted in association of C with α4 protein (α4), a novel subunit of PP2A, instead of with A and B subunits. Thus, the distribution of C between ABC trimer, AC dimer, and α4C complexes can be affected by modifications of the C-terminal residues. The α4 protein is a homologue of the yeast Tap42 protein that functions downstream of the TOR protein to regulate protein synthesis. Transient overexpression of FLAG-α4 resulted in increased dephosphorylation of elongation factor 2, bu...
Control of seedborne pathogens and diseases of soybean seeds and seedlings

The control of pathogens, including two bacteria, nine fungi and a virus that cause diseases of soybean seeds and seedlings is discussed. Control methods include general management practices, biocontrol agents, fungicides applied to seeds and foliage, and thermotherapy. Guidelines for the use of seed treatment and foliar fungicides are given. The fungicides commonly used are listed and the interaction between certain fungicides and Bradyrhizobium inoculant is discussed.
The Implications of Habitat Management on the Population Viability of the Endangered Ohlone Tiger Beetle (Cicindela ohlone) Metapopulation

Despite their role in providing ecosystem services, insects remain overlooked in conservation planning, and insect management approaches often lack a rigorous scientific basis. The endangered Ohlone tiger beetle (Cicindela ohlone) occurs in a 24-km2 area in Santa Cruz County, California. The once larger metapopulation now consists of subpopulations inhabiting five patches of coastal prairie where it depends on bare ground for mating, foraging, and oviposition. Human activities have eliminated natural disturbances and spread invasive grasses, reducing C. ohlone's bare-ground habitat. Management actions to restore critical beetle habitat consist of cattle and horse grazing, maintaining slow bicycle speeds on occupied public trails, and artificial creation of bare-ground plots. Recreational biking trails help maintain bare ground, but can cause beetle mortality if left unregulated. We tracked C. ohlone survivorship and estimated fecundity for three years. We then constructed a stage-structured population projection matrix model to estimate population viability among the five patches, and to evaluate the success of management interventions. We demonstrate that habitat creation, regulation of bicycle speed, and migration between patches increase C. ohlone survival and population viability. Our results can be directly applied to management actions for conservation outcomes that will reduce species extinction risk and promote recolonization of extirpated patches.
Photodissociation of Propylene Sulfide at 193 nm: A Photofragment Translational Spectroscopy Study with VUV Synchrotron Radiation

Photodissociation of propylene sulfide at 193 nm has been studied using photofragment translational spectroscopy. Five primary dissociation channels were observed: S(1D) + C3H6, S(3P) + C3H6, HS +...
Materials processing - A matter of gravity

The paper examines the pervasive influences of gravitational forces on processes used in the preparation of materials employed in earth-based applications and considers the knowledge and benefits which may be derived from the microgravity environment of space in improving upon these constraints. Particular attention is given to the NASA Materials Processing in Space program, which is focused on crystal growth processes, solidification processes, containerless processing, fluid and chemical processes, and bioseparation processes.
Role of Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Advanced Germ Cell Tumors

Advanced germ cell tumors (GCTs) are curable with the appropriate integration of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and postchemotherapy surgical resection of residual masses. For men with retroperitoneal metastases, postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) is a vital component of this treatment algorithm. The rationale for PC-RPLND is based on the consistent 10% to 20% and 35% to 55% incidence of viable malignancy and teratoma, respectively. Prognostic factors and nomograms cannot predict the presence of necrosis with sufficient accuracy to obviate the need for PC-RPLND. This article reviews the indications, technique, and outcomes of PC-RPLND in the management of advanced GCT.
Design Procedures for an FRP Stub-Flange Joint

The design procedures for an innovative fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) stub-flange joint are presented. The joint is intended for use with filament-wound pipes, and was developed to address some of the problems associated with current FRP joints. Detailed design guidelines for proportioning the joint are presented in this paper The design calculations are relatively simple and compare well with more detailed finite element calculations.
The Role of Angiogenic Cytokines in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract Angiogenic cytokines constitute a potentially novel form of therapy for patients with cardiovascular disease. The feasibility of using recombinant formulations of angiogenic growth factors to expedite and/or augment collateral artery development in animal models of myocardial and hindlimb ischemia, “therapeutic angiogenesis,” has now been well established. These studies have suggested that two angiogenic growth factors in particular, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are sufficiently potent to merit further investigation. More recently, experiments performed in our laboratory have indicated that in the case of VEGF, a secreted protein, similar results may be achieved by percutaneous arterial gene transfer. Further laboratory and clinical studies may yield promising insights into the fundamental basis for native as well as therapeutic angiogenesis and at the same time more explicitly define the manner in which therapeutic angiogenesis may be successfully incorporated into clinical practice.
Understanding the Grafting of Telechelic Polymers on a Solid Substrate to Form Loops

Recent experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that relative to singly tethered chains, the presence of polymer loops at interfaces significantly improves interfacial properties such as adhesion, friction, and wettability. In the present study, a simple system was studied to examine the formation of polymeric loops on a solid surface, where the grafting of carboxylic acid terminated telechelic polystyrene from the melt to an epoxy functionalized silicon is chosen. The impact of telechelic molecular weight, grafting temperature, and surface functionality on the telechelic attachment process is studied. It was found that grafting of the telechelic to the surface at both ends to form loops is the primary product of this grafting process. Moreover, examination of the kinetics of the grafting process indicates that it is reaction controlled. Fluorescence tagging of the dangling ends of singly bound chains provides a mechanism to monitor their time evolution during grafting, and these results indicate that the grafting process is accurately described by recent Monte Carlo simulation work. The results also provide a method to control the extent of loop formation at interfaces and therefore provide an opportunity to further understand the role of the loops in the interfacial properties in multicomponent polymer systems.
A Review of a Rotation to Obtain Maximum Similarity and Simple Structure Among Factor Patterns.

Under some circumstances it is desirable to compare the factor patterns obtained from different factor analyses. When the number of factors and variables are the same for each subpopulation, it is often possible to apply a rotation technique developed by Bloxom (1968) which simultaneously rotates different factor patterns to maximum similarity and varimax simple structure. The technique is described, computer algorithms are outlined, and a numerical example is given.
Photoemission studies of H2S, H2 and S adsorbed on Ru(110): Evidence for an adsorbed SH species

Abstract H2S, H2 and S adsorbed on Ru(110) have been studied by angle-integrated ultraviolet photoemission (UPS) as part of a study of the effect of adsorbed sulfur, a common catalytic poison, on this Ru surface. For low exposures of H2S at 80 K, the work function rises to a value 0.16 eV above that of clean Ru(110) while the associated UPS spectra (hν = 21.2 eV) exhibit features similar to those of H(ads) and S(ads) and different from those of molecular H2S. We conclude that H2S dissociates completely at low coverages on Ru(110) at 80 K. At intermediate exposures the work function drops and the UPS spectra show new features which are attributed to the presence of an adsorbed SH species. This appears to be the first direct observation of this surface complex. At higher exposures the work function saturates at a value 0.36 eV below the clean value; the UPS spectra change markedly and indicate the adsorption of molecular H2S. Heating adsorbed H2S leaves a stable layer of S(ads) on Ru(110). The surface with adsorbed sulfur strongly modifies the adsorption at 80 K of a number of molecules relative to the clean Ru(110) surface.
“This Strange Disease”: Adolescent Transference and the Analyst’s sExual Orientation:

The treatment of adolescents by gay analysts is uncharted territory regarding the impact of the analyst's sexuality on the analytic process. Since a core challenge of adolescence involves the integration of the adult sexual body, gender role, and reproductive capacities into evolving identity, and since adolescents seek objects in their environment to facilitate both identity formation and the establishment of autonomy from primary objects, the analyst's sexual orientation is arguably a potent influence on the outcome of adolescent development. However, because sexual orientation is a less visible characteristic of the analyst than gender, race, or age, for example, the line between reality and fantasy is less clearly demarcated. This brings up special considerations regarding discovery and disclosure in the treatment. To explore these issues, the case of a late adolescent girl in treatment with a gay male analyst is presented. In this treatment, the question of the analyst's sexual orientation, and the demand by the patient for the analyst's self-disclosure, became a transference nucleus around which the patient's individual dynamics and adolescent dilemmas could be explored and clarified.
Miastoprojekt goes abroad: the transfer of architectural labour from socialist Poland to Iraq (1958?1989)

When in 1962 Miastoprojekt-Krakow won the international tender for the master plan of Baghdad, this initiated two decades of intense engagement in Iraq of this architectural and planning office from the People's Republic of Poland. By choosing an office from a socialist country, Iraqi governments from Abdul Karim Kassem to Saddam Hussein not only responded to the specific geopolitical conditions of the Cold War in the Middle East, but also aimed at drawing on the Polish experience of post-war reconstruction, with the state taking an active role in the processes of urbanisation. The lessons learned from the reconstruction of Warsaw and the construction of new towns such as Nowa Huta, designed by Miastoprojekt, reverberated throughout its two master plans for Baghdad (1967, 1973). Its numerous projects in Iraq focused on the distribution of welfare (housing and education) on a territorial scale and included, in particular, the General Housing Programme (1976–1980). The attempt to mediate between the ambitio...
Application of fluorescent Eu:Gd2O3 nanoparticles to the visualization of protein micropatterns

Nanoparticles made of lanthanide oxides are promising fluorophores as a new class of tags in biochemistry because of their large Stokes shift, sharp emission spectra, long lifetime and lack of photobleaching. We demonstrate for first time the application of these nanoparticles to the visualization of protein micropatterns. Europium-doped gadolinium oxide (Eu:Gd2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis and were characterized by means of laser-induced fluorescent spectroscopy and TEM. Their main emission peak is at 612 nm. And their size distribution is from 5 nm to 500 nm. The nanoparticles were coated with avidin through physical adsorption. Biotinylated Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA-b) was patterned on a silicon wafer using a micro-contact printing technique. The BSA-b - patterned wafer was incubated in a solution containing the avidin-coated nanoparticles. The specific interaction between biotin and avidin was studied by means of fluorescent microscopy and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). The fluorescent microscopic images revealed that the nanoparticles were organized into designated structures as defined by the microcontact printing process - non-specific binding of the avidin-coated nanoparticles to bare substrate was negligible. The fluorescent pattern did not suffer any photobleaching during the observation process which demonstrates the suitability of Eu:Gd2O3 nanoparticles as fluorescent labels with extended excitation periods - organic dyes, including chelates, suffer bleaching over the same period. More detailed studies were preformed using AFM at a single nanoparticle level. The specific and the non-specific binding densities of the particles were qualitatively evaluated.
The immunobiology of toll-like receptor 4 agonists: from endotoxin tolerance to immunoadjuvants.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a structural component of the Gram negative outer membrane. The lipid A moiety of LPS binds to the LPS receptor complex expressed by leukocytes, endothelial cells and parenchymal cells and is the primary component of Gram negative bacteria that is recognized by the immune system. Activation of the LPS receptor complex by native lipid A induces robust cytokine production, leukocyte activation and inflammation, which is beneficial for clearing bacterial infections at the local level but can cause severe systemic inflammation and shock at higher challenge doses. Interestingly, prior exposure to LPS renders the host resistant to shock caused by subsequent LPS challenge, a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance. Treatment with lipid A has also been shown to augment the host response to infection and to serve as a potent vaccine adjuvant. However, the side effects associated with the pronounced inflammatory response limits the use of native lipid A as a clinical immunomodulator. More recently, analogs of lipid A have been developed that possess attenuated pro-inflammatory activity but retain attractive immunomodulatory properties. The lipid A analog monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) exhibits approximately 1/1000th of the toxicity of native lipid A but retains potent immunoadjuvant activity. As such, MPLA is currently employed as an adjuvant in several human vaccine preparations. Due to the potency of lipid A analogs as immunoadjuvants, numerous laboratories are actively working to identify and develop new lipid A mimetics and to optimize their efficacy and safety. Based on those characteristics, lipid A analogs represent an attractive family of immunomodulators.
UNILATERAL NERVE-SPARING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AND HEMICYSTECTOMY IN MANAGEMENT OF PROSTATE SARCOMA

A patient with sarcoma of the prostate was treated with radical prostatectomy including wide excision of the ipsilateral neurovascular bundle and hemicystectomy. Six years postoperatively he is free of disease, continent with a bladder capacity of 350 cc, voids to completion, and is potent.
A schizophrenic system plot package

A system plot package is a set of routines that forms plotter machine instructions. Here, system plot routines are assumed to form instructions for relatively low-level plotting tasks such as drawing a line or, at most, drawing an annotated axis, while graphics utility routines are used to perform higher level tasks, such as drawing a contour map, through the use of the lower level routines. System plot packages have certain desirable attributes which are often conflicting or even mutually exclusive. For example, at NCAR almost all plotting is done on a CDC DD80, suggesting that the plot package should be designed to produce instructions for that particular plotter, but the occasional use of other plotters makes device independence essential.
WALT’S STREET AND WALL STREET: THEMING, THEATER, AND EXPERIENCE IN FINANCE

Abstract The traditional research perspective on finance asserts that the structures and institutions and the employees and customers of Wall Street are devoted to exchanging financial resources in order to maximize their wealth. We argue that the structures and institutions of Wall Street are a themed environment and a theater where employees and customers play the fantasy roles that are a part of the popular culture created by Madison Avenue and in Hollywood productions such as Wall Street and Boiler Room. Financial activity is not just about wealth maximization, but about creating a satisfying narrative experience. Theming, theater, and experience are not some sort of cultural overlay on an underlying economic reality. Without them, there is no reality.
Malignant Melanoma and Diabetic Cutaneous Atrophy

Excerpt To the editor: The report of malignant melanoma in an area of diabetic cutaneous atrophy by Dr. Feldman ( 1 ) raises more questions than it answers. Dr. Feldman would have us believe that c...
Obesity, insulin resistance, and other clinicopathological correlates of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children, including insulin resistance, and to test for correlation with liver pathology. Study design A retrospective review of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD at Children's Hospital San Diego from 1999 to 2002. Liver biopsy specimens were independently reviewed by two pathologists. Results Children with NAFLD (n = 43) were mostly male (70%), Hispanic American (53%) and obese (88%). The criteria for insulin resistance were met by 95% of subjects. Steatosis was predicted by the combination of quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, age, and ethnicity (P Conclusions We identified significant predictors of liver pathology in children with NAFLD. Children being evaluated for NAFLD should be screened for insulin resistance, which is nearly universal and correlates with liver histology.
The differential leucocyte blood count: its precision and individuality in the chicken

Abstract THE ability to evaluate an animal with respect to its physiological status is of great value to the environmental physiologist. When environmental alterations exceed the ability of an animal to change homeostatically (accommodate) it becomes physiologically “stressed.” This stressed condition results in, or is induced by an elevated corticosteroid blood level which is manifest in an altered leucocytic hematology. The lymphocytic and heterophilic response in the chicken to injections of ACTH and/or cortisone have been amply demonstrated previously (Huble, 1955; Newcomer, 1957; Wolford and Ringer, 1962; and Shapiro and Schechtman, 1949), as well as in our laboratory. Newcomer (1957) states, “The magnitude and constancy of the acidophilia obtained following ACTH injection suggests its possible use as a qualitative criterion of ACTH and/or acute stress in the bird.” The lymphocytic and heterophilic responses in the chicken to various stressors such as anoxia, restraint, environmental temperatures, starvation, handling, and centrifugation have also . . .
Studies on the salt and water balance of Nereis diversicolor—I. Steady-state parameters

Abstract 1. 1. Nereis diversicolor is an ionic (Na+, Cl−) conformer at salinities above about 25–35% of normal sea water (SW) and is hyperionic in lower salinities. At all salinities, Na+ and Cl− have the same ratio in the coelomic fluid as in the medium. 2. 2. There is no indication of hyperionic regulation of K+ in the coelomic fluid at any salinity. 3. 3. On a whole-animal basis, Na+ is preferentially retained relative to Cl− and K+ in low salinities. 4. 4. N. diversicolor becomes more hydrated in lower salinities, in part due to swelling of the tissues.
Priorities for a Sustainable Future: The Role of Education, the Media, and Tax Reform

Current trends in environmental degradation and social disorder raise serious questions about the long-term viability of ecological and social systems. To address effectively the range of problems we face, changes in values and beliefs, and in economic, social, and political practices will be necessary. These needed changes are summarized, along with actions that could help initiate them. Twelve priority actions are considered in terms of how they could alleviate the problems and how the actions could be implemented. Ecological and societal literacy may be necessary conditions for change, ecological tax reform may be an important intermediate step, and social marketing media campaigns could catalyze behavioral change and facilitate progress toward a sustainable future.
Using Teaching Faculty Focus Groups to Assess Information Literacy Core Competencies at University Level

Grand Valley State University librarians designed and conducted teaching faculty focus groups to gauge their response to a new information literacy (IL) core student competencies document created to support a developing library IL programme. Although the competencies were inspired by existing, widely known information literacy standards and guidelines the University Libraries' Information Literacy Competencies document (ILCC) is unique and written specifically to address the university's culture and curriculum. The authors of this paper formed a research team to assemble two groups of teaching faculty from various disciplines and to analyse focus group transcripts using a content analysis approach. The resulting data revealed unexpected perceptions about information literacy among teaching faculty and concerns about how to apply the ILCC document. In analysing the data, we generated ideas for supporting teaching faculty as they apply the ILCC document. Focus groups were used to gauge teaching faculty perceptions of the ILCC document. The results of the focus groups informed our efforts to tailor the ILCC document to existing university programs and curricula by using the language that was familiar to teaching faculty; and to explore teaching faculty perceptions of challenges and needed support. The paper explains how the focus group method was employed to test information literacy competencies in order to provide a potential model for other universities who are customising their own information literacy standards
Visualization of osseointegration of maxilla and mandible dental implants.

Purpose We present a new, hybrid visualization method that can assist in assessing the degree of osseointegration of dental implants.
69 NORTH CAROLINA PERINATAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INTERNURSERY COMMUNICATIONS

69 NORTH CAROLINA PERINATAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INTERNURSERY COMMUNICATIONS
Electrochemical–mechanical planarization of copper: Effects of chemical additives on voltage controlled removal of surface layers in electrolytes

Abstract Chemical–mechanical planarization (CMP) of copper has now become an integral part of materials processing in the fabrication of integrated circuits. This process requires the application of a considerable down-force to the sample in its polishing step, and hence could be unsuitable for systems containing mechanically weak dielectric layers under the Cu lines. Recently, electrochemical–mechanical planarization (ECMP) has emerged as a possible extension of CMP, where through voltage-activated removal of Cu surface layers, one can substantially minimize the down-force necessary for mechanical polishing. However, the detailed electrochemical factors that are central to designing efficient abrasive-free electrolytes for ECMP are not clearly understood at the present time. In the present work, we address this issue by studying the relative electrochemical effects of different chemical additives in a peroxide based glycine solution commonly used in CMP slurries for Cu. More specifically, our analysis focuses here on the individual and combined roles of NO3− (background anion), H2O2 (oxidizer) and glycine (complexing agent) in voltage controlled material removal from Cu in the absence of mechanical polishing.
Patterns of intracellular and intercellular Ca2+ waves in the longitudinal muscle layer of the murine large intestine In vitro

Ca2+ wave activity was monitored in the longitudinal (LM) layer of isolated murine caecum and proximal colon at 35 °C with fluo-4 AM and an iCCD camera. Both intracellular (within LM cells) and intercellular (also spreading from cell to cell) Ca2+ waves were observed. Intracellular Ca2+ waves were associated with a lack of muscle movement whereas intercellular Ca2+ waves, which were five times more intense than intracellular waves, were often associated with localized contractions. Several intracellular Ca2+ waves were present at the same time in individual LM cells. Waves in adjacent LM cells were not coordinated and were unaffected by TTX (1 μM) but were blocked by IP3 receptor antagonists xestospongin-C (Xe-C; 2 μM) or 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate (2-APB; 25 μM), and by ryanodine (10 μM). Caffeine (5 mm) restored wave activity following blockade with Xe-C. NiCl2 (1 mm) blocked intracellular Ca2+ waves, and nicardipine (2 μM) reduced their frequency and intensity, but did not affect their velocity, suggesting the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be fuelled by extracellular Ca2+ entry. Intercellular Ca2+ waves often occurred in bursts and propagated rapidly across sizeable regions of the LM layer and were blocked by heptanol (0.5 mm). Intercellular Ca2+ waves were dependent upon neural activity, external Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels, and amplification via calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). In conclusion, intracellular Ca2+ waves, which may reduce muscle excitability, are confined to individual LM cells. They depend upon Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores and are likely to be fuelled by extracellular Ca2+ entry. Intercellular Ca2+ waves, which are likely to underlie smooth muscle tone, mixing and propulsion, depend upon neural activity, muscle action potential propagation and amplification by CICR.
Menstrual symptom questionnaire: further psychometric evaluation

Abstract Novak, Jones, and Jones (1975) state that menstrual distress (dysmenorrhea) is the greatest cause of lost work hours among women, and Kistner (1970) estimate this to be 140 million annual work hours. Thirty-five percent of female adolescents. 25% of college women, and 60–70% of single females in their 30's and 40's are said to be invalid during menstruation (Green, 1971). Treatment procedures for primary dysmenorrhea have included hypnosis (Lackie, 1964), physical exercises (Golub. 1959). natural childbirth techniques (House, 1969), and oral contraceptives. Though hormones are the most recent, frequent and effective treatment approach (Novak et al. 1975). Tyler (1973) cautions against their use because of possible adverse side effects. Recently, systematic desensitization (SD) has been used to relieve menstrual distress (Mullen, 1968, 1971; Reich, 1972; Tasto and Chesney, 1974) without risk of such side effects. Although SD has been effective, considerable response variability has been noted. Becuase of this variability. Chesney and Tasto (1975a) developed the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) to psychometrically identify two types of primary dysmenorrhea: spasdomic dysmenorrhea which designates distress during the flow period associated with excessive muscle tension, and congestive dysmenorrhea referring to premenstrual tension related to water retention. This instrument was designed to define types of menstrual symptoms and not symptom severity. Test-retest reliability was 0.87 and discrimination between spasdomic and congestive dysmenorrhea was highly significant. Of 48 women tested. 29 were identified as spasdomic with MSQ scores between 82 and 102, while 19 scored in the congestive range (46–68). Interestingly, no women scored in the median range (69–81), suggesting that there exists two unique types of primary dysmenorrhea identifiable by the MSQ. Subsequently, Chesney and Tasto (1975b) reported that congestive women did not respond to SD, while spasdomic symptoms were significantly reduced. It was hypothesized that the relaxation training component of SD was effective with spasmodic muscle tension symptoms and ineffective with congestive water retention symptoms. Consequently, the MSQ was thought capable of accounting for previously reported response variability of primary dysmenorrhea to SD. The present study was intended to replicate Chesney and Tasto's (1975a, 1975b) findings. The following Null hypotheses were tested; (a) the MSQ does not have significant test-retest reliability; (b) the congestive-spasmodic symptom dimension of the MSQ is not dichotomous; and (c) the MSQ does not predict SD effectiveness
Raman imaging to investigate ultrastructure and composition of plant cell walls: distribution of lignin and cellulose in black spruce wood (Picea mariana).

A detailed understanding of the structural organization of the cell wall of vascular plants is important from both the perspectives of plant biology and chemistry and of commercial utilization. A state-of-the-art 633-nm laser-based confocal Raman microscope was used to determine the distribution of cell wall components in the cross section of black spruce wood in situ. Chemical information from morphologically distinct cell wall regions was obtained and Raman images of lignin and cellulose spatial distribution were generated. While cell corner (CC) lignin concentration was the highest on average, lignin concentration in compound middle lamella (CmL) was not significantly different from that in secondary wall (S2 and S2–S3). Images generated using the 1,650 cm−1 band showed that coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol distribution followed that of lignin and no particular cell wall layer/region was therefore enriched in the ethylenic residue. In contrast, cellulose distribution showed the opposite pattern—low concentration in CC and CmL and high in S2 regions. Nevertheless, cellulose concentration varied significantly in some areas, and concentrations of both lignin and cellulose were high in other areas. Though intensity maps of lignin and cellulose distributions are currently interpreted solely in terms of concentration differences, the effect of orientation needs to be carefully considered to reveal the organization of the wood cell wall.
Arrested proliferation of radial glial cells during midgestation in rhesus monkey.

AUTORADIOGRAPHIC analysis using 3H-thymidine labelled DNA demonstrates that some radial glial cells in the fetal monkey cerebrum stop dividing during hiidgestation. After two months they re-enter the mitotic cycle and become transformed into astrocytes. In their amitotic period, radial glial cells remain stretched across the width of the rapidly expanding telencephalic wall. This is significant because elongated glial fibres may have a role in guidance of neuronal migration1–3. The pause in proliferation of radial glial cells could ensure a faithful mapping of the proliferative ventricular surface upon the expanding and convoluted cerebral cortex of primates, including man3. Elongated radial glial cells span the distance between the ventricular and pial surface of the developing telencephalon (Fig. 1). Studies using Golgi silver impregnations4–7, electron microscopy1,8,9 and immunohistochemistry10–12substantiate the glial nature of this transient cell class (for review see refs 12, 13). In the monkey occipital lobe, radial glial cells are present throughout the last two-thirds of gestation12,14. The process of transformation of radial glial cells into astrocytes and ependymal cells begins during the first half of gestation and is completed by the second postnatal month12,14. However, during midgestation, when neuronal migration is at a peak15, many radial glial cells remain attached to the ventricular and pial surfaces (Fig. 1); they increase in length, and curve with the expansion and convolution of the cerebral wall3,12,14. The present study was undertaken to determine whether such glial cells undergo cell division after attaining their radial configuration.
Printed Yagi-Uda array for MIMO systems

In this paper, A Yagi-Uda antenna array consisting of four radiating elements is presented. The array elements are oriented back to back in a cross fashion to achieve a pattern orthogonality utilizing the end-fire radiation characteristics of the Yagi-Uda antennas. This technique is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling between the radiating elements which is essential to the performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. Design and simulations are conducted using CST Microwave Studio which is based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). Results show that the correlation level is below -35 dB between the array elements at 5.2 GHz with about λ/4 separation distance.
Concept of an individual vehicle check with formalized models and methods

Abstract The concept of an individual vehicle check is an essential base to increase the test quality and to reduce the test time within the vehicle production. This concept improves the current audit process. With this target a method will be introduced that helps workers of the automobile industry to check the vehicle for the desired functionalities. The basis of the new method is a function model specified in UML (OMG, 2004) a new component of the method is the integration of individual vehicle description and the test instructions into the vehicle model.
Voronoi cells in lie groups and coset decompositions: Implications for optimization, integration, and fourier analysis

The rotation group and special Euclidean group both contain discrete subgroups. In the case of the rotation group, these subgroups are the chiral point groups, and in the case of the special Euclidean group, the discrete subgroups are the chiral crystallographic space groups. Taking the quotients of either of these two Lie groups by any of their respective co-compact discrete subgroups results in coset spaces that are compact orientable manifolds. In this paper we develop methods for sampling on these manifolds by partitioning them further using double-coset decompositions. Fundamental domains associated with the aforementioned coset- and double-coset decompositions can be defined as Voronoi cells in the original groups. Division of these groups into Voronoi cells facilitates almost-uniform sampling. We explicitly compute these cells and illustrate their use in optimization, integration, and Fourier analysis on these groups. Motivating applications from the fields of protein crystallography, robotics, and control are reviewed in the context of this theory.
Benzylamine metabolism at low O2 concentrations: Relative sensitivities of monoamine oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and hippurate synthesis to hypoxia

The O2 dependence of the metabolism of benzylamine to benzaldehyde, benzoate and hippurate was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. The initial oxidation to benzaldehyde, catalyzed by monoamine oxidase, had an apparent Kmo2 value of 34 microM in cells and 40 microM in isolated rat liver mitochondria. The conversion of benzaldehyde to benzoate was essentially independent of O2 concentration in spite of the dependence of the reaction upon cytosolic NAD+. The conversion of benzoate to hippurate was half-maximal at 2.4 microM O2 in hepatocytes and at about 0.5 microM O2 in rat liver mitochondria. These values are consistent with the O2 dependence of bioenergetic changes in these preparations and indicate that the O2 dependence of hippurate formation is due to ATP availability for synthesis of benzoyl-CoA. These studies show that the three metabolic processes involved in benzylamine metabolism have markedly different dependences upon O2 and that metabolism of benzylamine by monoamine oxidase is O2 dependent over a physiologically important range.
Maternal depression and childhood obesity: A systematic review

Abstract Objective Maternal depression is prevalent and has been associated with parenting practices that influence child weight. In this systematic review we aimed to examine the prospective association between maternal depression and child overweight. Methods We searched four databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and Academic Search Premier) to identify studies for inclusion. We included studies with a prospective design with at least one year follow-up, measuring maternal depression at any stage after childbirth, and examining child overweight or obesity status, body mass index z-score or percentile, or adiposity. Two authors extracted data independently and findings were qualitatively synthesized. Results We identified nine prospective studies for inclusion. Results were examined separately for episodic depression (depression at a single measurement occasion) and chronic depression (depression on multiple measurement occasions). Mixed results were observed for the relationship between episodic depression and indicators of child adiposity. Chronic depression, but not episodic depression, was associated with greater risk for child overweight. Conclusions While chronic depression may be associated with child overweight, further research is needed. Research is also needed to determine whether maternal depression influences child weight outcomes in adolescence and to investigate elements of the family ecology that may moderate the effect of maternal depression on child overweight.
Adipocyte-Derived Stem Cells for the Face

This review gives a basic overview of the current state of fat transplantation in view of adipose-derived stem cells. Current technologies regarding facial rejuvenation are presented, with a brief review of the procedures.