cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of a virtual agent's emotional facial expressions on the Mind's Eye test

In this study, we explored how interacting with a virtual agent under stressful conditions affected situational awareness as assessed by a theory of mind task. Volunteers played a negotiation game in which an embodied, digital virtual agent both displayed an angry, happy, or neutral facial expression and played either cooperatively or competitively. Results indicated that users who negotiated with the angry virtual agent performed significantly worse on the Mind in the Eye Task compared to those who interacted with the happy virtual agent. The results indicate that exposure to an angry virtual agent decreased humans' ability to take the mental perspective of another person. These results offer speculations about how negative affect associated with virtual agents can have detrimental implications for human-agent interactions that requires theory of mind type situational awareness, especially regarding virtual agent technology for rehabilitating theory of mind deficits (e.g., for individuals on the Autism spectrum).
Femtosecond laser penetrating corneal relaxing incisions combined with cataract surgery

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of femtosecond laser penetrating corneal relaxing incisions (CRIs) in reducing corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. Setting Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. Design Prospective case series. Methods Using the Lensx laser, CRIs were placed at a diameter of 8.0 mm with a depth of 90%. Corneal astigmatism was measured before surgery and 1 and 3 months after surgery. Vector analyses were performed. To obtain the net corneal changes, the with-the-wound (WTR) and against-the-wound (ATR) changes were calculated along the meridian of the CRI. Multiple regression analysis with generalized estimating equations was used to evaluate the factors contributing to the effectiveness of CRIs. Results The study comprised 51 eyes. One and 3 months postoperatively, respectively, the mean keratometric astigmatism was reduced significantly by 0.65 diopter (D) and 0.67 D (both P P P P > .05). The mean WTW and ATW changes were −1.05 D and −1.00 D, respectively, and 14.9% and 6.7% of eyes, respectively, were overcorrected. Age, CRI length, and CRI location were factors contributing to net corneal changes. A nomogram is proposed. Conclusion Femtosecond laser CRIs were effective in reducing corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, and their long-term effectiveness should be evaluated. Financial Disclosure Dr. Koch is a consultant to Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Alcon Laboratories, Inc., and Revision Optics, Inc. None of the other authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Fanconi Anemia D2 Protein Contributes to BCR/ABL-Mediated Transformation of Hematopoietic Cells.

Homologous recombination (HR), involving RAD51 protein, plays an important role in the response of BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells to numerous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or genotoxic treatment. Fanconi D2 protein (FANCD2), a member of the Fanconi protein family, is monoubiquitinated on K561 and phosphorylated by ATM on S222 in response to DSBs. The K561 monoubiquitinated form of FANCD2 interacts with RAD51 during HR, and phosphorylation of FANCD2 on S222 is important for activation of S phase checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Our studies detected an enhanced interaction between RAD51 and FANCD2 in BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells in comparison to normal counterparts. In addition, although the expression of FANCD2 was stimulated by BCR/ABL and growth factors, higher levels of FANCD2 monoubiquitination was detectable in CML patient cells at chronic phase and in blast crisis, and in BCR/ABL-transformed cells in comparison to non-transformed cells. This effect was reversed after inhibition of BCR/ABL kinase with STI571. Therefore, monoubiquitination of FANCD2 may play a role in BCR/ABL-mediated leukemogenesis. BCR/ABL kinase displayed an impaired transformation potential in FANCD2-/- murine bone marrow cells in comparison to +/+ counterparts. In addition, expression of BCR/ABL kinase, but not the kinase-deficient K1172R mutant, inhibited the proliferation rate of FANCD2-/- human lymphoblast cell line. Growth ability of BCR/ABL-positive FANCD2-/- cells could be rescued by co-expression of the wild-type and S222A mutant of FANCD2, but not the K561R mutant. This observation suggested that K561 monoubiquitination, but not S222 phosphorylation might play an important role in BCR/ABL-mediated transformation. Since BCR/ABL cells employ RAD51-dependent HR to repair numerous DSBs induced by ROS, elevated expression of monoubiquitinated FANCD2 may facilitate this process. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that BCR/ABL-positive FANCD2-/- cells accumulate more DNA damage than +/+ counterparts as indicated by enzymatic assays converting oxidative DNA lesions into gaps detectable by comet assay. In addition, enhanced oxidative DNA damage in BCR/ABL-positive FANCD2-/- cells produced a variety of DNA lesions including abasic sites, and single- and double-strand breaks assessed by neutral comet assay. Moreover, BCR/ABL-positive FANCD2-/- cells accumulated higher numbers of DSBs detected by γ-H2AX immunostaining and displayed discrete apoptosis. In conclusion we hypothesize that monoubiquitination of FANCD2 may play a role in the initial steps of BCR/ABL dependent leukemogenesis, probably due to its ability to interact with RAD51 and facilitate HR repair of an excess of spontaneous DSBs induced by ROS.
GLAUBER CROSS SECTIONS FOR EXCITATION OF THE 2$sup 1$S STATE OF HELIUM BY ELECTRON IMPACT.

The Glauber amplitude for describing collisions of charged particles with two-electron atoms, resulting in transitions between spherically symmetrical states, is reduced to a readily computable form. Application is then made to the $2^{1}S\ensuremath{\leftarrow}1^{1}S$ transition in helium, for which angular distributions are determined for 26.5-, 34-, 50-, and 83-eV incident electrons. Comparison with experiment shows that the Glauber theory is capable of accurately predicting the angular distributions for even our lowest-energy calculation. In particular the theory predicts the recently observed structure in the differential cross section. The energy dependence of the "apparent" generalized oscillator strength is also demonstrated for incident energies in the range 300-1100 eV.
Monumentos, monstruos y espectros: la figura del proletario en Argentina (1920-1950)

In the particular context of the Argentine political and cultural field, the centrality of labor during the first half of the twentieth century has its own specific consequences. In Buenos Aires, such decades were witness to an intense period of industrialization marked by crowds of immigrants arriving daily into the city in search of work. The factory and the office emerged as the engines of a new way to incorporate masses of immigrants into the citizen body: the intimidating stranger became “a laborer” or "a clerk." Or, straightaway, “a worker.” Thus, labor became a powerful mechanism whereby subjects were assigned an identity and disciplined. However, the resistance was also part of that process: by closely examining a variety of documents from a thick cultural context, including political speeches, left-wing magazines, but also iconogrophy and cultural experiments, I argue that during the first half of the twentieth century the representation of workers becomes a battle field for several modes of politicizing the subject.
A photonic phased array using frequency quadrupling without optical filtering

This work demonstrates a millimeter-wave photonic phased array where the input millimeter-wave is generated by a frequency quadrupling technique. The array consists of an external dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM), an optical amplifier and a wavelength-division-multiplex (WDM) coupler. A wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signal from multiple lasers is inputted into the DPMZM and modulated with a 15-GHz radio-frequency (RF) signal to produce a 60-GHz modulation, in which more than 20 dB on optical harmonic distortion suppression ratio is realized without optical filtering. The modulated signal is propagated over an optical fiber is then divided into each feeder of the array by the WDM coupler and de-modulated by photo diodes. This system provides sufficient phase difference without distortion effected by chromatic dispersion of the fiber. The phases are controlled by changing the wavelength of the lasers. A beam shift from −30 degree to 30 degree is achieved by using this system.
A series describing the evolution of mechanical control systems

Abstract We compute a series describing the evolution of a mechanical system starting at rest and subject to a time-varying external force. This generalizes various previous results and lays the foundation for the design of motion control algorithms for a large class of autonomous vehicles, robotic manipulators and locomotion devices.
Electrochemically Mediated Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization

An electrochemically mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (eRAFT) of (meth)acrylates was successfully carried out via electroreduction of either benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or 4-bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (BrPhN2+) which formed aryl radicals, acting as initiators for RAFT polymerization. Direct electroreduction of chain transfer agents was unsuccessful since it resulted in the formation of carbanions by a two-electron-transfer process. Reduction of BrPhN2+ under a fixed potential showed acceptable control but limited conversion due to the generation of a passivating organic layer grafted on the working electrode surface. However, by use of fixed current conditions, easier to implement than fixed potential conditions, conversions >80% were achieved. Well-defined homopolymers and block copolymers with a broad range of targeted degrees of polymerization were prepared.
Mother–Child Coregulation of Parasympathetic Processes Differs by Child Maltreatment Severity and Subtype:

Parasympathetic processes appear to underlie maladaptive parent-child interactions in maltreating families, but it is unknown whether parent-child coregulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) differs by child maltreatment severity and subtype. RSA coregulation in maltreating and nonmaltreating mother-child dyads ( N = 146; age 3-5 years) during two dyadic tasks was analyzed using dynamic time series modeling. Nonmaltreating dyads showed positive RSA concordance but maltreating dyads (when examined as one group) did not. However, when examined separately by subtype, physically abusive dyads showed positive concordance and neglectful dyads no concordance, in dyadic RSA. Patterns were further modified by maltreatment severity, which predicted discordant RSA (one partner's RSA predicting decreases in the other's) in both groups. Specifically, higher physical abuse severity predicted lower resting child RSA, declining mother RSA over time, and mother RSA predicting declines in child RSA over time, suggesting a mother-driven dyadic stress response. Higher neglect severity predicted increasing child RSA over time and child RSA predicting declines in mother RSA over time, suggesting a child-driven maternal stress response. These findings show there are distinct patterns of RSA coregulation in nonmaltreating, physically abusive, and neglectful mother-child dyads, which may inform etiology and intervention with respect to stress regulation in maltreating families.
Benthic Stream Algae: Distribution and Structure

Abstract Algae are ubiquitous in streams and play fundamentally important roles as primary producers at the interface of the physical–chemical environment and the biological community. In this chapter, we present an introduction to the taxonomic and ecological classification of stream algae for the investigator with little previous experience with algae. You will learn to recognize stream benthic algal growth in a variety of microhabitats and how to identify common North American stream algae using an illustrated key. You will also be introduced to the ways by which different ecological factors structure the stream algal community by investigating differences in algal density and biovolumes among different microhabitats.
Contributions of Personality and Depressive Symptoms on Subjective and Objective Memory.

This study aimed to examine whether individual differences in personality and multifaceted depression explain discrepancies between subjective memory (SM) and objective memory (OM), and whether the...
Statutory Inequality: The Logics of Monetary Sanctions in State Law

Monetary sanctions mandated in state statutes include fines, fees, restitution, and other legal costs imposed on persons convicted of crimes and other legal violations. Drawing on content analysis of current legislative statutes in Illinois pertaining to monetary sanctions, we ask three questions: What are defendants expected to pay for and why? What accommodations exist for defendants’ poverty? What are the consequences for nonpayment? We find that neoliberal logics of personal responsibility and carceral expansion suffuse these laws, establishing a basis for transferring public costs onto criminal defendants, offering little relief for poverty, and supporting severe additional penalties for unpaid debt. Statutory inequality legally authorizes further impoverishment of the poor, thereby increasing inequality. Major related organizing and advocacy work, however, has created an opening for significant changes toward greater fairness.
Maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and maternal-infant attachment in the neonatal intensive care unit

The objectives of this study were to identify maternal psychological responses to infants’ neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, understand the relationship between psychological symptoms ...
Missing Mayberry: How whiteness shapes perceptions of health among white Americans in a rural Southern community.

Abstract Elucidating how the racialized social system of whiteness affects the health of white Americans is critically important given current trends. Mirroring the nation, whites in rural North Carolina are currently experiencing increases in early mortality at greater levels than any other racial group in the state. Health focused oral history interviews conducted with whites (n = 13) in an economically distressed, rural community provide insight into potential determinants of this trend. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Analysis was guided by the whiteness and health framework, which considers how structural racism is both health promoting and health harmful for whites. Analysis highlighted three key themes: color-blind ideology, belief in the American Creed, and resistance to change. Whiteness influenced these rural whites' beliefs such that they were blind to the experiences of people of color in their community. Their explicit and figurative nostalgia for The Andy Griffith Show's idyllic town of Mayberry (a fictional Southern community devoid of Black American characters and racial tension during the 1960s) exposed color-blind expectations of what it means to have a healthy community. Additionally, interviewees attributed health status to individual effort and health behaviors, rather than considering how macro-level social determinants impact health. Individual level blame and resistance to change influenced interviewees' political views and suspicion of some social programs that could benefit the health of their community. These meritocratic beliefs about hard-work and self-sufficiency have implications for individual and community level health outcomes.
Pattern of disease in recurrent cervical cancer associated with response to pembrolizumab.

e18006Background: Pembrolizumab received accelerated FDA approval for treatment of metastatic or recurrent PD-L1 positive cervical cancer in 6/2018. Since then, the clinical characteristics of pati...
Psychosocial Adjustment Across Aggressor/Victim Subgroups: A Systematic Review and Critical Evaluation of Theory.

Theoretical conceptualizations of “aggressive-victims” portray them as more emotionally dysregulated and socially inept than adolescents who are either aggressive or victimized. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the literature comparing the psychosocial adjustment of aggressor/victim subgroups (i.e., aggressive-victims, predominant-aggressors, predominant-victims, and youth with limited involvement) and determine whether empirical findings are consistent with theory, particularly regarding whether aggressive-victims possess unique and shared characteristics relative to those with other patterns of involvement in aggression. This review focuses on studies with early adolescent samples given the heightened vulnerability for aggression and victimization and the need for more effective interventions during this developmental period. A systematic search of three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete) identified 25 studies, which varied in their sample characteristics, approach to defining subgroups, and findings regarding the unique and shared characteristics of aggressive-victims. I propose several guidelines for future research in this area and highlight several gaps in our existing knowledge. Implications for theory and prevention efforts are discussed.
Exploring the Relationship between Instructional Practice and Pedagogic Beliefs of University Teachers

ABSTRACT The study examines how the Pakistani university teachers’ classroom instructional practices are associated with their pedagogic beliefs. Quantitative survey method was used with 100 teachers, selected using convenient sampling method and working in public and private universities situated all over the Punjab. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and descriptive statistics like mean & standard deviation and inferential statistics including Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were applied to explore Pakistani university teachers’ beliefs and practices and the relationship between them. Further t-test and ANOVA were used to find out the effects of different demographic characteristics of teachers on their beliefs and practices. The result demonstrate that classroom instructional practices of teachers are significantly correlated with their pedagogic beliefs. KEYWORDS University, Teacher, Instructional Practice, Pedagogic Belief
Post-excisional Wound Closure Chapter for Rural Surgeons

Repair of any skin defect is determined primarily by the size of the defect and the laxity of the surrounding skin. Approximating the edges of any defect with reasonable tension depends on the mobility of the neighboring tissue, which varies according to the location. For instance, closing an abdominal defect primarily is easier than closing a sternal defect or one over the shoulder area. Similarly, as a general rule, the more distal an extremity wound is, the more challenging the reconstruction becomes. The first step in any reconstructive procedure is to define the defect fully. While the dimensions of the defect are important, one must also consider the quality of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the type of tissue at the base of the wound and the surrounding structures. Many wounds can be closed primarily provided that sufficient undermining is performed to allow for minimum tension on the skin edges. Other wounds may require tissue recruitment from the surrounding skin in the form of rotation or advancement flaps, or skin grafting from distant donor sites.
Climate change creates rapid species turnover in montane communities.

Recent decades have seen substantial changes in patterns of biodiversity worldwide. Simultaneously, climate change is producing a widespread pattern of species’ range shifts to higher latitudes and higher elevations, potentially creating novel assemblages as species shift at different rates. However, the direct link between species’ turnover as a result of climate-induced range shifts has not yet been empirically evaluated. We measured rates of species turnover associated with species’ range shifts in relatively undisturbed montane areas in Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and the Indo-Pacific. We show that species turnover is rapidly creating novel assemblages, and this can be explained by variable changes in species’ range limits following warming. Across all the areas we analyzed, mean species’ turnover was 12% per decade, which was nearly balanced between the loss of existing co-occurrences and the gain of novel co-occurrences. Turnover appears to be more rapid among ectothermic assemblages, and some evidence suggests tropical assemblages may be responding at more rapid rates than temperate assemblages.
Time-Space Weighting for Image Sequence Quantization

This paper introduces a method for quantization of image-sequences which takes into account the human sensitivities in both space and time. A weighted clustering approach is used for quantization which allows flexibility in the choice of weights. Assigning weights proportional to the space gradients and the time gradients is shown to produce better quantization of color image sequences.
Progressive Failure Modeling in Notched Cross-Ply Fibrous Composites

This study models and simulates progressive failure initiating from a notch tip of a laminated fibrous composite specimen subjected to tensile in-plane loading. The micro/macro-level approach is used. The micro-level analysis uses the 3-D unit-cell model while macro-level analysis uses the finite element analysis technique. A cross-ply laminate with double-edge notches was studied to investigate delamination, fiber splitting, and transverse matrix cracking in the specimen. Numerical results are compared to previous experimental work.
MHC Molecules of the Preimplantation Embryo and Trophoblast

The mechanisms of protection of the allogeneic fetus from the maternal immune response during pregnancy remain mysterious more than fifty years after the paradox of maternal tolerance was first raised by Peter Medawar. Preimplantation embryos express paternal antigens early in development. After implantation, placental tissue is derived from both maternal tissue and paternal-antigen expressing fetal tissue that is in intimate association with and bathed in maternal blood. There appears to be a key role for an unusual subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I proteins of both maternal and paternal origin in the mediation of tolerance at the maternal/fetal interface and in the control of preimplantation embryonic growth rate. This subset of MHC products is composed of two nonclassical MHC Class Ib proteins, HLA-E and HLA-G in combination with a classical MHC Class la protein, HLA-C. This chapter reviews the history of the discovery of the major histocompatibilty complex Class I genes and the elucidation of the biological role of the proteins encoded by these genes in the immune response and in reproduction. MHC genes have also been implicated in reproductive choice and nurturing behaviors. We hypothesize that the vertebrate immune system derived from ancestral recognition systems driven by reproductive requirements, and was later coopted for immune recognition under additional evolutionary pressures. The complex interactions of MHC Class I proteins with components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems in the context of the preimplantation embryo and the trophoblast of early pregnancy are described in detail, as are the difficulties inherent in studying these systems. Finally, potential future directions of research and the need for new model systems to study both preimplantation embryos and the maternal/fetal placental interface are discussed.
A Dynamic Model of Terrestrial Carbon Cycling

Many human activities tend to reduce the amount of carbon in plants and soils (Woodwell et al 1983, Houghton et al 1983, Houghton and Skole 1990). Houghton et al (1983) estimate that forest clearing and harvest released 180 Pg (1 Pg = 1 x 1015g) of carbon into the atmosphere between 1860 and 1980 compared to about 163 Pg from fossil fuel emissions over the same period (Marland et al 1989)–terrestrial releases exceeded fossil fuel emissions until about 1959, according to these estimates. The 1990 net flux of carbon into the atmosphere, mostly due to tropical deforestation, may have approached 3 Pg/year (Houghton, this volume). Thus the use and manipulation of terrestrial ecosystems probably caused a significant part of the observed increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration (Bolin 1986, Post et al 1990).
Seeing is relieving: electrical synapses between visualized neurons

Two reports of electrical synapses between identified inhibitory neurons in the neocortex suggest that many neuron types known to communicate chemically may also be electrically coupled.
Eosinophilic bodies within neurons in the human thalamus: An age-related histological feature

Abstract Eosinophilic bodies within the cytoplasm of some neurons in the thalamus occurred in middle-aged and old persons. Their presence was not related to any specific disorder, although they were more abundant in the presence of chronic alcoholism, progressive ocular myopathy and myotonic dystrophy. These bodies, which closely resemble the intra-neuronal eosinophilic bodies observed in the thalamus of ageing mice, have not been previously reported in the thalamus of man.
Probabilistic analysis of a large-scale urban traffic sensor data set

Real-world sensor time series are often significantly noisier and more difficult to work with than the relatively clean data sets that tend to be used as the basis for experiments in many research papers. In this paper we report on a large case-study involving statistical data mining of over 100 million measurements from 1700 freeway traffic sensors over a period of seven months in Southern California. We discuss the challenges posed by the wide variety of different sensor failures and anomalies present in the data. The volume and complexity of the data precludes the use of manual visualization or simple thresholding techniques to identify these anomalies. We describe the application of probabilistic modeling and unsupervised learning techniques to this data set and illustrate how these approaches can successfully detect underlying systematic patterns even in the presence of substantial noise and missing data.
An integrated model of regional and local residential sorting with application to air quality

We examine the interconnectedness of demand for regionally and locally varying public goods using a residential sorting model. We propose a version of the model that describes household choices at the city (MSA) level and, conditional on city, the neighborhood (census tract) level. We use a two-stage budgeting argument to develop an empirically feasible sorting model that allows us to estimate preferences for regionally varying air quality while accounting for sorting at the local level. Our conceptual and empirical approach nests previous sorting models as special cases, allowing us to assess the importance of accounting for multiple spatial scales in our predictions for the cost of air pollution. Furthermore our preferred specification connects the city and neighborhood sorting margins to the upper and lower elements of a nested logit model, thereby establishing a useful correspondence between two stage budgeting and nested logit estimation. Empirically we find that estimates from a conventional model of sorting across MSAs imply a smaller marginal willingness to pay for air quality than estimates from our proposed model. We discuss how the difference is attributable in part to the omitted variable problems arising when tract level sorting is ignored.
Preventable Transfers in Pediatric Trauma: A 10-Year Experience at a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center

Abstract Background Injured children are often treated at one facility then transferred to another that specializes in pediatric trauma care. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize potentially preventable transfers (PT) to a freestanding level-I pediatric trauma center. Methods Children with traumatic injuries transferred between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. A PT was defined as a child who was discharged within 36hours of arrival without surgical intervention or advanced imaging studies. Results During this period, 6380 children were transferred, with head injury being the most common injury. 61% had CT imaging performed before transfer. The mean age was 6.9years, mean injury severity score (ISS) 10.4, and median transfer distance 37miles. 27% of these transfers were classified as PT. Air transport was used in 15% at mean charge of $18,574. 29% were discharged from the emergency department. When compared, PTs were younger (6.0 vs. 7.2years, p p p p Conclusion A significant number of pediatric trauma transfers can be classified as preventable. Reducing preventable transfers could offer opportunities for improving value in a trauma care system.
Implications Of Picture Archiving And Communication Systems (PACS) For The Practice Of Radiology

A survey was conducted in which the medical community at a university hospital was asked to respond to questions concerning Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS). 20% of the physicians (medical doctors and senior medical students) responded. Results show that physicians perceive a need for PACS. Although all physicians saw advantages in PACS, radiologists, in particular, saw the system as beneficial to their practice. In contrast, non-radiologists saw more drawbacks to the system most notably decreased portability and excessive cost of the system. Most physicians thought they would utilize radiologic information from remote sites in such a system. They also suggested several ways in which the system might be uniquely modified for their subspecialty needs. The implications of PACS for the practice of radiology will be discussed.
Agamben, Badiou, and Russell

Giorgio Agamben and Alain Badiou have both recently made central use of set-theoretic results in their political and ontological projects. As I argue in the paper, one of the most important of these to both thinkers is the paradox of set membership discovered by Russell in 1901. Russell’s paradox demonstrates the fundamentally paradoxical status of the totality of language itself, in its concrete occurrence or taking-place in the world. The paradoxical status of language is essential to Agamben’s discussions of the “coming community,” “whatever being,” sovereignty, law and its force, and the possibility of a reconfiguration of political life, as well as to Badiou’s notions of representation, political intervention, the nature of the subject, and the event. I document these implications of Russell’s paradox in the texts of Agamben and Badiou and suggest that they point the way toward a reconfigured political life, grounded in a radical reflective experience of language.
Experimental Verification of the Linear Relationship Between Stress and the Reciprocal of the Peak Barkhausen Voltage in ASTM A36 Steel

This study presents an experimental validation of a model theory for determining the relationship between a nondestructive measurement parameter and a property of interest. It was found that the reciprocal of the peak envelope amplitude of the Barkhausen emission voltage follows a linear relationship with stress. A linear relationship between stress and the reciprocal of the root mean square voltage was also obtained. These observations represent an important step towards improving the use of Barkhausen signals for magnetic nondestructive evaluation of stress as a function of depth in ferromagnetic load bearing structures.
Experimental investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of R-134a in microchannels

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of single-phase flows in microchannels for refrigerant R-134a were experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted using rectangular channels micro-milled in aluminum with hydraulic diameters ranging from approximately 112-mm to 210-mm and aspect ratios that varied from 1.0 to 1.5. Using overall temperature, flow rate, and pressure drop measurements, friction factors and convective heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for steady flow conditions. Reynolds number, relative roughness, and channel aspect ratio were the parameters examined in predicting friction factor and Nusselt number for the experiments. Experiment results indicated transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred between a Reynolds number of 2,000-4,000. Friction factor results were consistently lower than values predicted by macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results indicated channel size may suppress turbulent convective heat transfer. Results also indicate that surface roughness may affect heat transfer characteristics in the turbulent regime.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Modification of the Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by Dietary Phenols

The sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), a major pest of sun- flower (Helianthus annuus L.), is susceptible to Bacillus thurl.ngiensis Berliner, but field control has been inconsistent. Our study was done to determine whether phenolics in damaged sunflower tissue are in a conjugated or free form and whether they influence the toxicity of B. thurl.ngiensis to the sunflower moth. Larvae fed diets containing B. thurl.ngiensis had reduced survival and growth. The LD50of B. thurl.ngiensis was 52 international units of potency per gram of diet. Phenolic acids are general biocides. They were found in sunflower hybrids largely in the free (nonconjugated) form after tissue injury. The phenolics were probably converted from the conjugated form to the free form after release of glycosidases. By themselves and at the doses tested, specific phenolic acids did not affect sunflower moth survival and growth. When cinnamic or p-coumaric acids were combined with B. thurl.n- giensis in artificial diet, growth (measured as width of sunflower moth head capsules) of larvae was reduced compared with that of larvae fed diets containing B. thurl.ngiensis. High phenolic sunflower might increase the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis as an agent for sunflower moth control.
Increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in hypertensive paraplegic rats.

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) between thoracic vertebrae four (T4) and five (T5) have elevated levels of sympathetic activity to the heart. Notably, female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) also have increased cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Since elevated levels of cardiac SNA increase the risk for cardiac arrhythmias, we tested the hypothesis that hypertensive, paraplegic rats have an increased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, intact (n = 7) and paraplegic hypertensive rats (n = 6) were chronically instrumented with silver stimulating electrodes on the left ventricle, electrocardiogram (ECG) recording electrodes and an arterial catheter. After recovery, the effective refractory period, the electrical stimulation threshold to induce ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac sympathetic tonus (ST) were determined. Paraplegic rats had a lower effective refractory period (35%), lower electrical stimulation threshold to induce ventricular arrhythmias (62...
Respiratory Failure and Cor Pulmonale Associated with Tracheal Mucoid Accumulation from a SCOOP Transtracheal Oxygen Catheter

Transtracheal oxygen (TTO) delivery for patients with chronic hypoxemia has been used increasingly since its introduction in 1982. Most complications have been relatively minor and usually occur in conjunction with catheter placement. This report describes two patients with long-term catheter use who developed increasing respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, at least in part, due to a large tracheal mucus plug.
Terahertz comb radio frequency generation in nonlinear optical devices

The criteria and conditions that give rise to the generation of optical frequency comb based on multi-signal interferences in a semiconductor optical amplifier placed in a fiber loop circuit are presented. The study includes effects of the amplifier's material parameters, electrical biasing, and gain profile in the comb frequency generation. A practical optical frequency comb generator was implemented in accordance with the theoretical model developed. The experiment produced a comb frequency spanning 4THz with a spacing of 250GHz in the 1550nm to the 1560 nm band. These experimental results were found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Comparing Outcomes after Transthoracic and Transhiatal Esophagectomy: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort of 17,395 Patients

Background Debate continues over whether transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) offers decreased morbidity and mortality compared with transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE). To definitively answer this question, we used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to compare morbidity and mortality after THE and TTE. Study Design Using ICD-9 procedure codes, we queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for patients undergoing THE and TTE. Multivariate statistical analysis was completed to compare morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and hospital volume analysis between the groups. Results Between 1999 and 2003, 17,395 patients included in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample underwent esophagectomy. Mean patient age was similar in those undergoing THE and TTE (61.9 versus 62.0 years, respectively). Overall morbidity and mortality after esophagectomy were 50.7% and 8.8%, respectively. In-hospital mortality after THE was 8.91% compared with 8.47% after TTE (p=0.642). Multivariate regression analysis showed no difference in the incidence of mediastinitis, wound, infectious, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, systemic, procedure-related, or overall complications or hospital length of stay between the two groups. Controlling additionally for hospital volume showed high-volume centers (more than 10 esophagectomies per year) had significantly lower mortality rates than low-volume centers (10 or fewer esophagectomies per year, p=0.024). Additionally, low-volume centers have a higher incidence of gastrointestinal and systemic complications in the TTE group (p=0.048 and p=0.038, respectively). Conclusions This large-volume, multicenter study constitutes the largest cohort in the literature to compare outcomes after THE and TTE. These findings indicate the outcomes after THE and TTE for esophageal disease are equivalent, although higher-volume centers will have lower morbidity and mortality.
Selecting Appropriate First-Line Antiarrhythmic Agents: Comparative Pharmacological Profiles

An understanding of the pharmacological issues presented here will help the physician treat arrhythmias in a manner that will meet the therapeutic goals of relieving clinical symptoms, reducing the risk of sudden death, and prevention of treatment-related adverse effects. Most of the issues presented here are qualitative. It usually is not necessary to memorize quantitative data, e.g., to know the exact clearance or exact volume of distribution of a drug in a given setting, but we do need to know qualitatively what kind of changes to expect and alter dosing or drug selection accordingly. Armed with this knowledge, we can more appropriately and safely treat patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
Skeletal development of non-institutionalized children with low Intelligence Quotients.

Children of both sexes with mild mental retardation show delays in skeletal maturation and cortical bone growth, but boys in general are more affected than girls. Skeletal age for both sexes is below normal in the younger age groups, but approaches normality at adolescence. None of the measures of IQ is significantly correlated with any of the regional measures of skeletal age in the hand-wrist. The approach toward normality of skeletal development in this population at adolescence is reflected in their normal time of first appearance of the adductor sesamoid. Anomalies of the hand-wrist reflect irregularities in comparing normal and low-IQ children. Only brachymesophalangy V displays significantly higher frequencies in the low-IQ groups. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study and the different methods of classifying anomalies, little can be said about the other comparisons. Growth in cortical bone reflects a consistent trend for both the humerus and second metacarpal. While measures of total diameter and total cross-sectional area do appear to be below normal standards, the measures of the marrow do not. This finding accounts for a decreased cortical bone thickness and cross-sectional area in the low-IQ sample. All measures of the humerus correlate significantly with two IQ scores in the boys and all three scores in the girls. Measures of the total metacarpal and marrow area show significant correlations with the three IQ scores among low-IQ boys, while only measures of total metacarpal area show significant correlations with verbal IQ in low-IQ girls. The degree of mental deficiency, then, is only irregularly associated with deficits of bone size for age.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE CULTURAL LITERACY TEST

Hirsch in 1987 advanced the thesis that poor readers do not know much about our cultural background and consequently read poorly. He developed a 115-item test to measure this construct. The purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of Hirsch's Cultural Literacy Test with 42 Caucasian, 63 African-American, and 22 Hispanic students of a community college. Scores on the Cultural Literacy Test correlated .28 with GPA, grade in freshman English .27, and Texas Academic Skills Program Reading .33, Mathematics .30, and Writing .40. Regular English students scored significantly higher than Developmental English students. Students who scored low on cultural literacy did poorly in freshman English.
Robust control of uncertain systems with combined H∞ and LQG optimizations

The design of robust control systems in the presence of real-parameter uncertainty and high-frequency unmodelled dynamics is considered. Concepts of applying H ∞ and LQG optimizations to a surrogate system representation of an uncertain system are discussed. An algorithm is explicitely stated which details the design of control laws guaranteeing both robust stability and robust performance for the uncertain system. Advantages and limitations to this design procedure are outlined, and possible directions for future research are revealed.
Time scheduling of a mix of 4D equipped and unequipped aircraft

In planning for a future air-traffic system that is to be extensively automated, it is necessary to confront the transition situation in which some percentage of the traffic must be handled by conventional means. A safe, efficient transition system is needed since initially not all aircraft will be able to respond to a more automated system, and since it is necessary to encourage users of the system to purchase the equipment required for the more automated operation. The specific problem addressed in this paper is that of time-scheduling a mix of 4D equipped aircraft (aircraft that can accurately meet a controllerspecified time-schedule at selected way points in the terminal area) when operating in conjunction with unequipped aircraft (aircraft that require air-traffic handling by means of standard vectoring techniques). First, a relationship between time-separation and system capacity is developed. The conditions under which a mix of traffic can lead to a capacity improvement have previously been derived. The time-separations are then incorporated into a set of scheduling algorithms which contain the required elements of flexibility needed for terminal-area operation, such as delaying aircraft and changing time-separations. The problem of reducing the size of time-separations allotted for vectored aircraft by means of computer assists to the controller is also addressed.
Copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene with 1- and 2-chloroanthracenes

1- and 2-Chloroanthracenes have been copolymerized with butadiene in the Mutual recipe and in the Mutual recipe with some added benzene. Using charging ratios of 90 parts of butadiene and 10 parts of chloroanthracene in the absence of benzene, the incorporation of the 1 isomer at 62% conversion is 16.9% and the incorporation of the 2 isomer at 80% conversion is 7.3%. In the presence of added benzene (5 ml. to 84 g. charge) the incorporation of the 1 isomer is 21.2% at 39% conversion and the incorporation of the 2 isomer is 9.4% at 53% conversion. The anthracene derivative is incorporated in the polymer chain through the meso positions.
The evolution of developmental strategy in marine invertebrates

Developmental mode varies widely in most animal phyla. These differences in developmental strategy exert a profound influence on the ecology and evolution of closely related species. The mechanistic alterations in ontogeny that lead to switches in developmental mode are coming under increasing scrutiny. Echinoids are one of the best-understood groups in this regard. Parallel modifications in direct-developing echinoids point to some of the key changes in oogenesis and embryogenesis that produce switches in developmental mode.
Changes in rat brain opiate receptor content upon castration and testosterone replacement.

Abstract The saturable binding of naltrexone- 3 H in the brains of castrated male rats exceeds that found in intact animals by a factor of two. This increase is androgen dependent since testosterone replacement reduced the binding to control levels. Scatchard analysis of the saturation curves revealed that the change in binding reflects increased available binding sites and is not due to increased binding affinity. This relationship between testosterone and brain opiate receptors provides for the participation of endorphins in the regulation of pituitary gonadotropins by gonadal hormones. The increased content of opiate receptors in the brains of castrated rats correlates with the greater brain N-demethylation of morphine establishing a further link between this biotransformation and agonist action.