cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Overweight With Academic Performance and Social and Behavioral Problems: An Update From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study

Background: Childhood overweight is a condition that is prevalent within our society, affecting more and more children each year. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child overweight and educational outcomes. Methods: Data are reported for 13,680 children in third grade from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, a set of data designed and carried out by the US Department of Education. Students were individually administered reading and math assessments. Teachers reported how often students exhibited certain social skills and behaviors. A series of 1-way analyses of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance was used. Results: Overweight children had significantly lower math and reading test scores compared with nonoverweight children in third grade. However, these differences became insignificant after including socioeconomic and maternal education variables. Third grade overweight girls had significantly more externalizing and internalizing problems as well as lower self-control scores than nonoverweight girls even after including socioeconomic and maternal education variables. Conclusions: Findings suggest that how we deal with children’s overweight may have implications for the future psychological health of a considerable proportion of US children.
Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with animal manure.

Antibiotics are commonly added to animal feed as supplements to promote growth of food animals. However, absorption of antibiotics in the animal gut is not complete and as a result substantial amounts of antibiotics are excreted in urine and feces that end up in manure. Manure is used worldwide not only as a source of plant nutrients but also as a source of organic matter to improve soil quality especially in organic and sustainable agriculture. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether or not plants grown in manure-applied soil absorb antibiotics present in manure. The test crops were corn (Zea mays L.), green onion (Allium cepa L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group). All three crops absorbed chlortetracycline but not tylosin. The concentrations of chlortetracycline in plant tissues were small (2-17 ng g -1 fresh weight), but these concentrations increased with increasing amount of antibiotics present in the manure. This study points out the potential human health risks associated with consumption of fresh vegetables grown in soil amended with antibiotic laden manures. The risks may be higher for people who are allergic to antibiotics and there is also the possibility of enhanced antimicrobial resistance as a result of human consumption of these vegetables.
The C5SiMe7+ cation: pyramidal, bicyclic, or cyclohexadienyl?

The monosila analogue of the C6Me7+ cation can be accessed by hydride abstraction from (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dimethylsilane, Cp*SiMe2H. Treatment of this material with triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate in dichloromethane at −50 °C produced a single cationic species stable for a day or longer. The presence of a single resonance for the ring methyls and a single resonance for the silyl methyls in both the 1H and the 13C spectra indicated either a static structure with fivefold symmetry or a dynamic structure in which the dimethylsilyl group equilibrates rapidly among positions. Density function theory calculations found a minimum whose structure had the unsymmetrical silabicyclo[3.1.0]hexenyl structure. Calculated 1H, 13C, and 29Si chemical shifts for this structure were in good agreement with the observed values for this structure. Another calculated minimum was the silacyclohexadienyl structure, but its calculated chemical shifts were very different from those observed. We conclude that the cation has the bicyclic structure but rapidly interconverts the ring positions to produce the very simple NMR spectra.
Building a Profession: A Sociological Analysis of the Intern Development Program

With most jurisdictions requiring its completion, the Intern Development Program (IDP) has become the primary architectural internship program in the United States. This article reports findings from the first empirical assessment of IDP since its inception almost twenty-five years ago. Current and former interns from IDP and from traditional unstructured internships were surveyed. Their experiences are examined to assess whether IDP provides a superior internship. In addition, the structure of IDP is analyzed, revealing some of its inherent limitations. These findings are discussed in the context of the structural challenges facing the profession and suggestions for reforming internship are presented.
Synthesis and oxidation kinetics of sol-gel and sputtered tantalum nitride thin films

Tantalum nitride is widely used as a thin film resistor material. Tantalum nitride thin films were produced by nitridation of sol-gel tantala thin films. The oxidation kinetics and the activation energy for oxidation were investigated and compared to those of sputtered tantalum nitride thin films. Data was gathered from in situ sheet resistance measurements taken between 550 and 720 K. Sol-gel films exhibited parabolic oxidation kinetics and had an activation energy of 1.9 eV. Sputtered films displayed quartic oxidation kinetics at lower temperatures tending toward cubic kinetics at higher temperatures and had an activation energy of 1.6 eV.
Systematic review and metasummary of attitudes toward research in emergency medical conditions

Emergency departments are challenging research settings, where truly informed consent can be difficult to obtain. A deeper understanding of emergency medical patients' opinions about research is needed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of quantitative and qualitative studies on which values, attitudes, or beliefs of emergent medical research participants influence research participation. We included studies of adults that investigated opinions toward emergency medicine research participation. We excluded studies focused on the association between demographics or consent document features and participation and those focused on non-emergency research. In August 2011, we searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scirus, PsycINFO, AgeLine and Global Health. Titles, abstracts and then full manuscripts were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus and adjudicated by a third author. Studies were evaluated for bias using standardised scores. We report themes associated with participation or refusal. Our initial search produced over 1800 articles. A total of 44 articles were extracted for full-manuscript analysis, and 14 were retained based on our eligibility criteria. Among factors favouring participation, altruism and personal health benefit had the highest frequency. Mistrust of researchers, feeling like a 'guinea pig' and risk were leading factors favouring refusal. Many studies noted limitations of informed consent processes in emergent conditions. We conclude that highlighting the benefits to the participant and society, mitigating risk and increasing public trust may increase research participation in emergency medical research. New methods for conducting informed consent in such studies are needed.
Conservation of the glucan phosphatase laforin is linked to rates of molecular evolution and the glucan metabolism of the organism

Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of LD is cytoplasmic accumulation of insoluble glucans, called Lafora bodies (LBs). Mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatase laforin account for ~50% of LD cases, and this gene is conserved in all vertebrates. We recently demonstrated that laforin is the founding member of a unique class of phosphatases that dephosphorylate glucans. Herein, we identify laforin orthologs in a protist and two invertebrate genomes, and report that laforin is absent in the vast majority of protozoan genomes and it is lacking in all other invertebrate genomes sequenced to date. We biochemically characterized recombinant proteins from the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae to demonstrate that they are laforin orthologs. We demonstrate that the laforin gene has a unique evolutionary lineage; it is conserved in all vertebrates, a subclass of protists that metabolize insoluble glucans resembling LBs, and two invertebrates. We analyzed the intron-exon boundaries of the laforin genes in each organism and determine, based on recently published reports describing rates of molecular evolution in Branchiostoma and Nematostella, that the conservation of laforin is linked to the molecular rate of evolution and the glucan metabolism of an organism. Our results alter the existing view of glucan phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and strongly suggest that glucan phosphorylation is a multi-Kingdom regulatory mechanism, encompassing at least some invertebrates. These results establish boundaries concerning which organisms contain laforin. Laforin is conserved in all vertebrates, it has been lost in the vast majority of lower organisms, and yet it is an ancient gene that is conserved in a subset of protists and invertebrates that have undergone slower rates of molecular evolution and/or metabolize a carbohydrate similar to LBs. Thus, the laforin gene holds a unique place in evolutionary biology and has yielded insights into glucan metabolism and the molecular etiology of Lafora disease.
Metabolism of Bovine Semen. II. Qualitative Anaerobic Catabolism of Glucose-C14 by Bovine Spermatozoa,

Summary Washed bovine spermatozoa were incubated with uniformly labeled glucose-C 14 in Ringer-phosphate solution, and the products of catabolism were studied. The products were separated into classes by subjecting the incubation medium successively to absorption of carbon dioxide, precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, neutral distillation, acid steam distillation, alkaline ether extraction, and acid ether extraction. The preparations showing considerable radioactivity were further purified by the preparation of derivatives or by ion exchange chromatography. The major portion of the radioactivity appeared in lactic acid, although appreciable activity also was found in carbon dioxide, volatile acids and an unidentified compound. Relationships among the specific activities of the compounds studied indicate that spermatozoa probably metabolize glucose to lactic acid, and that the lactic acid may be broken down further to carbon dioxide, acetate, and other compounds. Results with immotile spermatozoa, however, indicated that carbon dioxide may be formed without passing through the intermediate stage of lactic acid.
Cost and time-cost effectiveness of multiprocessing

Speedup and efficiency, two measures for performance of pipelined computers, are now used to evaluate performance of parallel algorithms for multiprocessor systems. However, these measures consider only the computation time and number of processors used and do not include the number of the communication links in the system. The author defines two new measures, cost effectiveness and time-cost effectiveness, for evaluating performance of a parallel algorithm for a multiprocessor system. From these two measures two characterization factors for multiprocessor systems are defined and used to analyze some well-known multiprocessor systems. It is found that for a given penalty function, every multiprocessor architecture has an optimal number of processors that produces maximum profit. If too many processors are used, the higher cost of the system reduces the profit obtained from the faster solution. On the other hand, if too few processors are used, the penalty paid for taking a longer time to obtain the solution reduces the profit. >
Semiconductor manufacturing-the past and the future

Summary form only given. It is noted that the trends dominating the semiconductor industry show no signs of diminishing. Lithography dimensions continue to decrease and chip sizes continue to increase, resulting in functional density increases that predict 50-100 million transistors per chip in the 1990s. The sophistication of clean-room environment controls and process equipment specifications are rapidly escalating the cost of entering the manufacturing business. With this backdrop, it is significant that the selling price for today's complicated circuits, such as 1-Mb DRAMs, is almost identical to that of the initial 1K DRAMs produced in the early 1970s. The author examines whether this trend will continue, and what requirements will be placed on materials suppliers, the equipment manufacturers, and VLSI producers. >
An Experimental Study of Weighted k-Link Shortest Path Algorithms

We consider the problem of computing a minimum-weight polygonal path between two points in a weighted polygonal subdivision, subject to the constraint that the path have few segments (links). We give an algorithm that generates paths of weighted length at most (1 + e) times the weight of a minimum-cost k-link path, for any fixed e> 0, while using at most 2k − 1 links. This is an improvement over the previous (1 + e)-approximation algorithm, which used at most 5k − 2 links. Further, we have implemented our new algorithm and we have conducted a performance study of these algorithms (old and new) on a variety of real-world and synthetic data, comparing not only the efficiency but also the quality of paths generated using these algorithms. We also consider the implications of these results on the practical usage of these algorithms.
Ovum Transport in Rabbits Injected with Prostaglandin E1 and F2α

The effects of prostaglandins (PCs) on ovum transport were investigated in Dutch- belted rabbits. PGF,� or PGE, (5 mg, sc) was administered 4, 9, or 13 h after ovulation (i.e., 14, 19, or 23 h after an injection of 11CC). Animals were sacrificed either 5 or 6 h after treatment, the oviducts removed, divided into three equal segments, and flushed with saline. Neither PCF,� nor PCEgiven at 4 or 9 h after ovulation had an effect on the location of ova when the oviducts were examined 5 h posttreatment. PGF,�, or PGE, treat- ment at 13 h after ovulation resulted in accelerated ovum transport; the majority of ova in prostaglandin-treated animals (35/48 for PGE,; 37/42 for PGF2.,) were found either in the proximal third of the oviduct, the uterus, or were not recovered. Unrecovered ova were assumed to be in the uterus or to have been transported through the reproductive tract. Prostaglandin treatment hastened the arrival of ova at the uterus by approximately 40 h. It is concluded that both PGF:,, and PGE, can accelerate ovum transport in the rabbit, when administered in pharmacologic doses.
Genetics of Noonan syndrome – a new gene, and the search is still on

Germline gain-of-function mutations in SOS1 cause Noonan syndrome Roberts et al. (2007) Nature Genetics 39: 70–74 Gain-of-function SOS1 mutations cause a distinctive form of Noonan syndrome Tartaglia et al. (2007) Nature Genetics 39: 75–79
Quality of postimplementation review for enterprise resource planning systems

This paper examines the process of system review during the postimplementation stage of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, or postimplementation review (PIR), and identifies factors that contribute to high-quality PIRs. The present study utilizes an exploratory, qualitative research approach in examining the concept of PIR and its potential importance in successful ERP system implementations. A case study methodology was employed that allowed detailed examination of significant events after the implementation of ERP systems in two different organizations. Insights from the case studies were subsequently used to conceptually define the construct of PIR quality, distinguish the construct from antecedent conditions during the implementation process and from potential outcomes, and propose a research model that could be useful in future empirical investigations. Past research efforts that addressed the extent to which organizations realize expected benefits from ERP system implementations could use this construct to reexamine performance relationships and more completely interpret their results (or lack of results) according to the extent to which organizations engage in high-quality PIRs. This study, therefore, presents contributions for both the practice and research on ERP system implementation effectiveness.
Personality Factors Affecting the Preschool Child's Response to Dental Stress

Responses to dental stress were evaluated in 26 preschool children during an initial examination visit_ Measures of the children's developmental status and personality were collected during a home visit. Significant relationships emerged which suggest that personality development influences children's ability to tolerate dental stress.
Creating a Peer-Led Cooperative Learning Program to Improve STEM Retention

The importance of high-tech careers has risen as the international competitiveness of US students on tests of science and math has declined. The problem is compounded by a persistent inequity in ST...
Hindi translation of Berlin questionnaire and its validation as a screening instrument for obstructive sleep apnea

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a fairly common problem with adverse health consequences. However, any screening questionnaire is not available in Hindi to screen sleep apnea. Materials and Methods: Subjects undergoing video-synchronized in laboratory attended polysomnography were requested to participate in this study. They were screened with the help of Hindi version of Berlin questionnaire (BQ). Outcome of the BQ was tested against the gold standard polysomnography. Descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of Hindi version were calculated. Results: 38 patients with polysomnography diagnosed OSA and 12 controls were included in this study. Average body mass index (BMI) in the OSA group was 33.12 + 6.66 kg/m 2 whereas in the control group BMI was 25.01 + 4.20 kg/m 2 . Average age in the OSA group was 48.9 + 10.2 years whereas the control group was older (56.9 + 12.1 years). Hindi version had sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 58%. PPV of the instrument was 0.87 whereas NPV was 0.63. Conclusion: Hindi version of BQ is a valid tool for screening the OSA irrespective of the literacy status of the subjects.
Macroeconomic effects of household debt: an empirical analysis

Multi-equation econometric frameworks are used to investigate the impact of household debt on GDP in the US. In the vector autoregression analysis capturing the transitory feedback effects, we observe a bidirectional positive feedback process between aggregate income and debt. According to the estimation of vector error correction models, there are negative long-run relationships between household debt and output. These empirical results provide a support for the view of the debt-driven business cycles.
The effect of etchant and cement age on the adhesion of resin composite to conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements

The effects of etching with maleic or phosphoric acid on the adhesion of resin composite to resin-modified glass-ionomer cement restorative materials were evaluated through a shear bond test. These effects were determined with both recently set and aged cement. For the three resin-modified materials tested, compared to no etching, the two etchants improved or did not affect the adhesion of resin composite, regardless of the age of the cement. For a chemically cured material, included in the study as a control, the same effects were observed, except that etching of the recently set cement with maleic acid was detrimental to adhesion.
Role of interleukin-18 in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases

Interleukin (IL)-18 is an IL-1 family cytokine expressed by macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes and is implicated in various aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. IL-18 signals similar to IL-1β intracellularly to activate gene transcription. Since its discovery, IL-18 has been demonstrated to play a key role in pathogen defense from helminths and some bacteria. Recently however, evidence has accumulated that IL-18 expression is increased in many presentations of allergic disease. A pathologic role for IL-18 includes stimulating mast cell and basophil degranulation, recruiting granulocytes to sites of inflammation, increasing cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) and NK-T cells, inducing Immunoglobulin (Ig)E production and isotype switching, and affecting a broad range of T cells to promote a type II helper T cell (Th2) response. Evidence and importance of these effects are presented, including novel results from our lab implicating IL-18 in the direct expansion of mast cells, basophils, and other myeloid-lineage cells from bone-marrow precursors. The development of urticaria, asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis, and eosinophilic disorders all have demonstrated correlations to increased IL-18 levels either in the tissue or systemically. IL-18 represents a novel site of immune regulation in not only allergic conditions, but also autoimmune diseases and other instances of aberrant immune functioning. Diagrammatic summarized abstract for readers convinance is presented in Fig. 1.
On the theory of learning with Privileged Information

In Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI) paradigm, along with the standard training data in the decision space, a teacher supplies a learner with the privileged information in the correcting space. The goal of the learner is to find a classifier with a low generalization error in the decision space. We consider an empirical risk minimization algorithm, called Privileged ERM, that takes into account the privileged information in order to find a good function in the decision space. We outline the conditions on the correcting space that, if satisfied, allow Privileged ERM to have much faster learning rate in the decision space than the one of the regular empirical risk minimization.
The new electromechanical steering APA-BS

The steering with the internal development name “APA-BS” (Axially Parallel Actuation-Braun- Schweig) is a proprietary development of the Volkswagen AG, Braunschweig. This paper portrays the concept that offers a shock free, sensitive, precise, and powerful steering performance. The newly developed electromechanical steering is being used firstly in the new Volkswagen compact-SUV, the Tiguan.
The Role of Botulinum Toxin in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Botulinum toxin is used extensively for the management of gastrointestinal smooth muscle disorders. This review is a summary of the current status of this therapy. Botulinum toxin appears to be beneficial for achalasia, hypertensive esophageal disorders, and anal fissure, but has unclear utility in gastroparesis, upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Very few placebo-controlled trials have been performed despite widespread use of the toxin for the past 25 years. Botulinum toxin appears to be safe and side effects are uncommon. Despite uncontrolled data, botulinum toxin is now used for a variety of spastic smooth muscle disorders of the GI tract. In some instances, this therapy may preclude the need for more invasive treatments. Controlled trials are needed.
Relational and Emotional Theories of Abusive Supervision: An Integration and Theoretical Model

Abusive supervision research has burgeoned over the last decade. Abusive supervision studies have consistently linked abusive supervision with follower outcomes. However, the literature suffers fro...
Estimating co-pollutant benefits from climate change policies in the electricity sector: A regression approach

Abstract We use data from US power plants and a regression based approach to empirically estimate the marginal rate of co-pollutant emission reductions resulting from a mass-based carbon reduction policy for electricity producers. The standard approach to estimating co-pollutant reductions uses Linear Programming Models. These models require millions of input variables and constraints, resulting in long computational times and an opaque simulation process, while yielding only point estimates for key variables of interest. Our regression-based approach has far fewer data requirements, needs less computational resources, and produces estimates with confidence intervals that capture estimation uncertainty. Moreover, it is straightforward and transparent to implement and provides a larger range of potential outcomes for policy makers to consider. Our results indicate that a 1% decrease in electricity output from coal (gas) power plants would reduce SO2 by 0.6% and NOx by 0.8% (0.7%). These are not statistically significant different than estimates reported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We estimate that reducing electricity output enough to reduce CO2 emissions by one ton yields health benefits of $15.33 from NOx reductions and $59.64 from SO2 reductions.
Endovascular Treatment of Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms With Flow Diversion: Case Series and Systematic Review.

Background Flow diversion of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms has not been widely reported, possibly owing to concerns regarding parent vessel size and branch vessel coverage. Objective To examine the safety and effectiveness of PCA aneurysm flow diverter treatment. Methods Retrospective review of PCA aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland) at 3 neurovascular centers, including periprocedural complications and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Systematic review of the literature identified published reports of PCA aneurysms treated with flow diversion. Rates of aneurysm occlusion and complications were calculated, and outcomes of saccular and fusiform aneurysm treatments were compared. Results Ten PCA aneurysms in 9 patients were treated with the PED. There were 2 intraprocedural thromboembolic events (20%), including 1 symptomatic infarction and 1 delayed PED thrombosis. Eight of 10 patients returned to or improved from their baseline functional status. Complete aneurysm occlusion with parent vessel preservation was achieved in 75% (6/8) of cases at mean follow-up of 16.7 mo. Eleven of 12 (92%) major branch vessels covered by a PED remained patent. Including the present study, systematic review of 15 studies found a complete aneurysm occlusion rate of 88% (30/34) and complication rate of 26% (10/38), including 5 symptomatic ischemic strokes (13%; 5/38). Fusiform aneurysms more frequently completely occluded compared with saccular aneurysms (100% vs 70%; P = .03) but were associated with a higher complication rate (43% vs 9%; P = .06). Conclusion The safety and effectiveness profile of flow diverter treatment of PCA aneurysms may be acceptable in select cases.
Orthotopic and heterotopic murine models of pancreatic cancer and their different responses to FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy

ABSTRACT Syngeneic, immunocompetent allograft tumor models recapitulate important aspects of the tumor microenvironment and have short tumor latency with predictable growth kinetics, making them useful for trialing novel therapeutics. Here, we describe surgical techniques for orthotopic and heterotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor implantation and characterize phenotypes based on implantation site. Mice (n=8 per group) were implanted with 104 cells in the pancreas or flank. Hy15549 and Han4.13 cell lines were derived from primary murine PDAC (Ptf1-Cre; LSL-KRAS-G12D; Trp53 Lox/+) on C57BL/6 and FVB strains, respectively. Single-cell suspension and solid tumor implants were compared. Tumors were treated with two intravenous doses of FOLFIRINOX and responses evaluated. All mice developed pancreatic tumors within 7 days. Orthotopic tumors grew faster and larger than heterotopic tumors. By 3 weeks, orthotopic mice began losing weight, and showed declines in body condition requiring euthanasia starting at 4 weeks. Single-cell injection into the pancreas had near 100% engraftment, but solid tumor implant engraftment was ∼50% and was associated with growth restriction. Orthotopic tumors were significantly more responsive to intravenous FOLFIRINOX compared with heterotopic tumors, with greater reductions in size and increased apoptosis. Heterotopic tumors were more desmoplastic and hypovascular. However, drug uptake into tumor tissue was equivalent regardless of tumor location or degree of fibrosis, indicating that microenvironment differences between heterotopic and orthotopic tumors influenced response to therapy. Our results show that orthotopic and heterotopic allograft locations confer unique microenvironments that influence growth kinetics, desmoplastic response and angiogenesis. Tumor location influences chemosensitivity to FOLFIRINOX and should inform future preclinical trials. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Tradescantia Micronuclei (Trad-MCN) Test For Environmental Clastogens

The Tradescantia Micronuclei (Trad-MCN) test is a well-validated system for the in situ monitoring of gaseous mutagens or radiation and bioassay for toxicity or clastogenicity of liquid types of environmental pollutants, drugs, and food additives. For testing gaseous mutagens or radiation, excised Tradescantia in-florescences containing meiotic pollen mother cells may be exposed to the agent at the chosen pollution sites or in the treatment chambers. For testing liquid types, the cuttings are allowed to absorb the agent through the stem and transport the agent to the meiotic pollen mother cells. The chromosome fragments that are induced by the agent at the early meiotic stage become micronuclei at the tetrad stage. The acetocarmine squash method is utilized to prepare microslides, and frequencies of micronuclei among a large population of tetrads are the reliable indicators of the chromosome damage. This test reveals directly the magnitude of chromosome damage in the germ cells of an eukaryote. It is relatively simple, versatile, and efficient. Results of the test can be obtained and analyzed in 24–48 hr. It is, perhaps, the most inexpensive test known at the present time.
Catastrophic Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome with Bilateral Intraocular Hemorrhage (P3.242)

Objective: To describe a rare manifestation of catastrophic reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) with bilateral intraocular hemorrhage. Background: The pathophysiology of RCVS is unknown. Catastrophic RCVS cases complicated with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage causing severe disability and even death have increasingly been noted. Intraocular hemorrhage related to subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury is known as Terson syndrome and is thought to be due to acute increase in intracranial pressure. Intraocular hemorrhage in the setting of RCVS was not reported. Design/Methods: Case report Results: A 48-year old woman with remote history of eclampsia and recent mild headache for one week presented with acute onset of confusion, dysarthria, and right hemiparesis. BP was 242/140. Her mental status declined rapidly and she was intubated. A head CT showed an intracerebral hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia with mild mass effect. One day later, a brain MRI demonstrated numerous diffusely scattered, diffusion-restricted lesions in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brainstem with a few hyperintense areas in T2-weighted imaging. MRA of the head showed diffuse multifocal irregularities. A six-day follow-up brain MRI showed the increased number of ischemic infarcts without expansion of intracerebral hemorrhage. A fundoscopic exam showed intraocular hemorrhage in both eyes. With an atypical presentation, she underwent an extensive workup including brain biopsy which were all negative. A three-week follow-up MRI/MRA of the head demonstrated evolution of ischemic lesions and decreased hyperintensity in T2-weighted imaging as well as complete resolution of vascular irregularities. She stayed in a state of unresponsive wakefulness and was discharged to a rehab facility. Conclusions: Intraocular hemorrhage can be a rare manifestation of catastrophic RCVS and it may support relationship between RCVS and increased ICP. Also, this presentation distinguishes RCVS from other disorders such as primary angiitis of the CNS which RCVS may be mistaken for. Disclosure: Dr. Baang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kedar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Diesing has nothing to disclose.
TapTag: Assistive Gestural Interactions in Social Media on Touchscreens for Older Adults

Older adults want to live independently and at the same time stay socially active. We conducted contextual inquiry to understand what usability problems they face while interacting with social media on touch screen devices. We found that it is hard for active older adults to understand and learn mobile social media interfaces due to lack of support of safe interface exploration and insufficient cognitive affordances. We designed TapTag to enhance the learnability for older adults on touch screens. TapTag is an assistive gestural interaction model that utilizes muti-step single taps. TapTag breaks the interaction process to 2 steps, one gesture is to explore the user interface (UI), and the second is to activate the functionality of the UI element. We prototyped TapTag as an overlay on the top of Facebook app. We conducted a comparative study where older adults used Facebook app and Facebook with TapTag. The results showed that Facebook with TapTag provided a better user experience for older adults in terms of learnability, accessibility, and ease of use.
Monomeric tert-butanol in benzene and cyclohexane solutions: A fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study

The dependence of the hydroxyl stretching frequency of monomeric tert-butanol in cyclohexane and benzene solutions on concentration was studied at different temperatures. The –OH group in the monomeric form of the alcohol appears to experience very small or negligible alcohol concentration effects. This is attributed to the ability of tert-butanol to form dimers by hydrogen bonding, which in turn shield their polar groups from monomeric tert-butanol. As a result, the environment that the latter interacts with consists of weakly polar or nonpolar species (cyclohexane or benzene), and the nonpolar (methyl) groups of dimeric tert-butanol.
Universal TCIT Improves Teacher-Child Interactions and Management of Child Behavior.

One avenue for improving children’s socio-emotional competence and classroom behavior is by improving the quality of early teacher–child interactions. Universal Teacher–Child Interaction Training (TCIT-U), adapted from Parent Child Interaction Therapy, is a school-based prevention program in which teachers are taught to use the principles of learning and behavior management in the classroom to increase positive interactions and to reduce problem behaviors in young children. The current study advanced prior research by investigating TCIT-U’s effectiveness with English language learners and in a rural public school setting. We examined the direct effects on teachers’ and children’s observed behavior, and the durability of teachers’ skill use in the next school year. In the present study, changes in teacher and child behavior were analyzed within a multiple baseline design across two classrooms with five teachers and 39 preschool children. Teacher and child behavior were measured through behavioral observations and a standardized teacher rating scale. Results revealed that teachers increased their use of positive attention and behavior management skills with intervention, and these changes remained stable during follow-up. Further, improvements in children’s behavior were detected by significant changes in post-TCIT teacher ratings on a strengths-based measure. Observed disruptive behavior displayed decreasing trends during intervention for children nominated by their teachers as having behavioral concerns, although the overlap and variability in the data limited convincing evidence of an intervention effect. Finally, teachers reported high satisfaction with the program. This study supports TCIT-U’s use as an intervention to increase positive interactions between teachers and students and as a universal prevention program for behavior problems in preschool classrooms.
Upcycling Single-Use Polyethylene into High-Quality Liquid Products

Our civilization relies on synthetic polymers for all aspects of modern life; yet, inefficient recycling and extremely slow environmental degradation of plastics are causing increasing concern abou...
Cutaneous drug eruptions including serum sickness-like reaction, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema, and drug-induced lupus.

Cutaneous manifestations of drug reactions are common yet vary widely in their appearance and degree of internal organ involvement. Serum sickness--like reactions, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthem, granulomatous drug eruption, pseudolymphoma, and drug-induced lupus are medication-induced conditions with dermatologic presentations. Many of the conditions discussed are relatively rare but nonetheless demand our attention and understanding. Some of the conditions presented may be more likely encountered in the hospital setting, as is the case with serum sickness-like reactions and drug-induced lupus, whereas others may present to outpatient clinic for diagnosis. Given the similarities in clinical history of patients presenting with these conditions, an understanding of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, culprit medications, histologic appearance, and serologic characteristics is warranted to correctly diagnose and manage these uncommon adverse reactions. We also discuss how to differentiate some of these conditions from more serious mimickers, as in the case of pseudolymphoma drug reaction mimicking a true lymphoma and drug-induced lupus mimicking acute systemic lupus erythematosus.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Marijuana Use in e-Cigarettes Among US Youth in 2017, 2018, and 2020.

This study reports the prevalence of ever use of marijuana in e-cigarettes among US youth in 2020 and changes in prevalence from 2017 to 2020 by racial and ethnic groups.
The cost of corrupt lobbying and the role of institutional correction for bystander firms

This research combines legitimacy theory with expectancy violation to argue that when salient wrongdoing outside a firm is associated with a strategic behavior of bystander firms, the stakeholders ...
$$L^p$$ L p maximal estimates for quadratic Weyl sums

Let $$p \ge 1$$ . We give upper and lower bounds for $$\begin{aligned} {M}_{p}(N): = \bigg \Vert \mathop {\mathrm{sup}}\limits _{0 \le t \le 1} \bigg | {\sum _{n=1}^N} {e}(nx + n^{2}t)\bigg |\bigg \Vert _{L^{p}[0,1]}^{p} \end{aligned}$$ that are of the same order of magnitude.
Identification and characterization of Eimeria spp. in western north American Bison (Bison bison) herds and potential risk of cross-species transmission

Abstract The American bison (Bison bison) is an iconic native wildlife species of the Great Plains of North America. Recently, farmed bison have also gained importance to the livestock industry across the United States and Canada. One of the common diseases in young bison is coccidiosis, a diarrheal disease caused by protozoa that can result in significant morbidity. The goal of the present study was to investigate occurrence and identity of bison coccidia of the genus Eimeria in both farmed and free-ranging bison with focus on potential Eimeria species transmissibility between bison and cattle. Individual bison (up to one year of age) were sampled across Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and South Dakota on six bison ranches (n = 137) and in two free-range herds (n = 70). Eimeria populations were assessed by fecal analyses. Morphological identification revealed presence of oocysts consistent with Eimeria (E.) bovis, E. zuernii, E. ellipsoidalis, E. cylindrica, E. alabamensis, E. auburnensis, E. canadensis, E. pellita, E. subspherica, and E. bukidnonensis, all of which are described in cattle. Additional Eimeria species specific ITS1 sequencing data along with generated phylogenetic maximum likelihood trees suggest that Eimeria species from cattle, namely E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. alabamensis, E. cylindrica, E. brasiliensis, E. ellipsoidalis, and E. wyomingensis, are genetically consistent with the detected bison coccidia. In conclusion, the study results indicate that bison harbor a variety of Eimeria species and bison Eimeria species appear to be transmissible between different bovine species such as bison and cattle.
A 2.3 GHz −10.8 dBm Threshold Parametric Frequency Selective Limiter with 1.7 dB Loss

We present the design and measured performance of a two-stage ~ 2.3 GHz diode-based parametric frequency selective limiter (pFSLs), built on a FR-4 printed-circuit-board (PCB) and showing record-low power threshold ( $P_{th}$ , equal to −10.8 dBm) and insertion-loss value (ILS.S, equal to 1.66 dB) for driving power levels (P in ) lower than P th . Thanks to its optimally engineered dynamics, the built pFSL can not only selectively attenuate undesired signals with power levels ranging from −10.8 dBm to 4 dBm, but it also provides a strong suppression level (IS> 19 dB) when driven by much higher P in values than P th , even approaching 28 dBm. The record performance demonstrated in this work proves, for the first time, that diode-based pFSLs are suitable to increase the resilience to electromagnetic interference (EMI) even of those wireless radios designed for low-power consumption and, consequently, characterized by a narrow dynamic range.
Review of Tainting Evidence Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab

Science and law approach problems and arrive at solutions in completely different ways. Law arrives at conclusions by taking established principles and applying them to new facts, a deductive process. Science arrives at conclusions by observing facts, creating hypotheses and testing them, an inductive process. Law relies upon precedence and procedure. Science is innovative and iconoclastic.
Characterization of a Set of Caulobacter Crescentus Transcription Factors Deletion Strains and Their Role in the Oxidative Stress Response

Transcriptional factors control gene expression cascades, often in response to environmental conditions. Here we have investigated the role of these cascades in orchestrating the oxidative stress r...
A collapsed non-native RNA folding state

At physiological Mg2+ concentrations, the catalytic core of the bI5 group I intron does not fold into its native structure. In contrast, as judged by the global size, this RNA undergoes structural collapse at Mg 2+ concentrations much lower than required to drive folding of the RNA completely to the native state. The bI5 RNA therefore exists in equilibrium between expanded and collapsed non-native states. The activation energy of RNA folding from the collapsed state to the native state is negligible and the reaction is not accelerated by the addition of urea. This collapsed state is thus distinct from the kinetic traps observed during folding of other large RNAs. The collapsed non-native state forms readily in the case of bI5 RNA and may exist generically prior to assembly of other ribonucleoprotein holoenzymes, such as the ribosome.
Ventricular bigeminy masquerading as total electrical alternans. In a case of probable tuberculous pericarditis.

Abstract An unusual electrocardiographic finding simulating total electrical alternans in a 45 year old woman with a recent history of pericardial effusion is reported. Findings obtained on subsequent tracings made clear that the original tracing had disclosed an unusual form of ventricular bigeminy produced by ventricular fusion beats appearing consecutively. This correct interpretation eliminated an unnecessary delay of surgery for active cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis.
Hypercube Algorithms: with Applications to Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

Fundamentals algorithms for SIMD and MIMD hypercubes are developed. These include algorithms for such problems as data broadcasting, data sum, prefix sum, shift, data circulation, data accumulation, sorting, random access reads and writes and data permutation. The fundamental algorithms are then used to obtain efficient hypercube algorithms for matrix multiplication, image processing problems such as convolution, template matching, hough transform, clustering and image processing transformation, and string editing. Most of the algorithms in this book are for hypercubes with the number of processors being a function of problems size. However, for image processing problems, the book also includes algorithms for and MIMD hypercube with a small number of processes. Experimental results on an NCUBE/77 MIMD hypercube are also presented. The book is suitable for use in a one-semester or one-quarter course on hypercube algorithms. For students with no prior exposure to parallel algorithms, it is recommended that one week will be spent on the material in chapter 1, about six weeks on chapter 2 and one week on chapter 3. The remainder of the term can be spent covering topics from the rest of the book.
FIESTA-HD: A parallel finite element program for hydrodynamic device simulation

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the convective hydrodynamic transport model (HD) for semiconductor device simulation by employing parallel and stabilized finite element methods. The HD model is shown to resemble the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations and Galerkin/least-squares finite element methods, originally developed for compuational fluid dynamics (CFD) equations. The complexity of the HD model demands enormous computational time. The chapter presents the development of a finite element formulation for the HD transport model. A parallel finite element device simulation program, FIESTA-HD, has been developed and run on distributed memory parallel computers including Intel's i860, Touchstone Delta and the IBM's SP-1 systems. A SPMD programming model is used in the parallel implementation of the device simulator, FIESTA-HD. The chapter demonstrates the portability of FIESTA-HD on distributed memory parallel computers. It presents the numerical results and demonstrates the robustness and accuracy of the numerical schemes. Taking advantage of the advances in parallel computers with stable numerical schemes, simulations are performed with more complex and realistic device models.
Determination of Carbon Number Distributions of Complex Phthalates by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry With Ammonia Chemical Ionization

An assay method for phthalate esters with a complex mixture of isomer of varying carbon numbers, such as di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS) positive chemical ionization (PCI) with 5% ammonia in methane is described. GC–MS-PCI-NH3, unlike GC–MS electron ionization (EI) (GC–MS-EI) that produces generally m/z 149 ion as the main base peak and low intensity M + peaks, produces higher intensity (M+ 1) ions that allow the determination of total (R + R 0 ) carbon number distributions based on the various R and R 0 alkyl groups of the di-esters moiety. The technique allows distinguishing among the various commercial DINP and DIDP plasticizers. The carbon number distributions are determined in the acceptable range of 85 mole percent (m/m). Several examples of analysis made on commercial DINP and DIDP are presented. The use of only 5% instead of 100% ammonia simplifies use of GC–MS-PCI-NH3 but still produces sufficient M+ 1 ion intensities that are appropriate for the assay. In addition, use of low concentrations of ammonia mitigates potential safetyaspects related to use of ammonia and provides less corrosion for the instrument hardware.