cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nasal Congestion, Postnasal Drip, and Aural Fullness

A54-year-oldmanpresentedwith a3-monthhistory ofworsening right-sidednasalcongestion,postnasaldrip,andaural fullness.Hedeniedepistaxisbutcomplainedofheadachesandfacialpainoverhisright frontalandmaxillarysinuses.Hehadcompleted2coursesoferythromycin,acourseofmethylprednisolone,andatrialofalbuterol,allwith partial relief.He reportedahistoryofallergic rhinitis and recurrent sinusitiswithaural fullnessbutdeniedsmokingorenvironmentalexposures. Therewas no external nasal deformity. Rigid nasal endoscopy revealedapale,multilobulatedmasshigh in the rightnasal cavityand medial to themiddle turbinate (Figure, A). The lesionobstructed the middlemeatusbymasseffectandlateralizationofthemiddleturbinate withsecondaryobstructionofthemaxillaryostiumandfrontal recess. Thenasal septumwasmidlinewithoutdisease in the left nasal cavity. Unenhanced computed tomographic (CT) imaging showed a 34 × 15-mm lesion in the superior aspect of the right nasal cavity with extension to the cribriform plate and ethmoid sinuses. There was opacification of the right frontal sinus but no evidence of bony erosion of the cribriform plate or lateral invasion into the orbit or nasal septum. Representative coronal T1-, T2-, and postcontrast T1-weighted MRI images are shown in the Figure, B-D, respectively. Findings from the examinationwere otherwise unremarkable. At surgery, the lesionwas found tohaveeroded through themiddle turbinate and to be attached to the skull base near the anterior attachment of themiddle turbinate. What is your diagnosis? A
Chess-Like Games May Have No Uniform Nash Equilibria Even in Mixed Strategies

Recently, it was shown that Chess-like games may have no uniform (subgame perfect) Nash equilibria in pure positional strategies. Moreover, Nash equilibria may fail to exist already in two-person games in which all infinite plays are equivalent and ranked as the worst outcome by both players. In this paper, we extend this negative result further, providing examples that are uniform Nash equilibria free, even in mixed or independently mixed strategies. Additionally, in case of independently mixed strategies we consider two different definitions for effective payoff: the Markovian and the a priori realization.
How national institutions influence technology policies and firms' knowledge-building strategies: A study of fuel cell innovation across industrialized countries

Abstract The central thesis advanced in this study is that firms’ knowledge-building strategies can be usefully explained by the variations in their national institutional contexts. Using an inductive approach, a study of fuel cell innovation across the U.S., France, Japan and Norway demonstrates how countries’ socio-political institutions – characterized by their levels of statism and corporatism – contribute to variations in technology policies pertaining to investment, collaboration, internationalization, and diversity. These technology policies are sources of advantages (and disadvantages) for firms, with implications for their knowledge-building strategies. The proposed theoretical framework is especially relevant in the context of industry emergence and R&D internationalization.
Clinical cultural competence and the threat of ethical relativism.

Taking seriously the value of cultural competence in healthcare requires at least three general commitments. First, it involves accepting the view that patients' health beliefs and behaviors are influenced to a significant degree by their own social and cultural practices. Second, it requires careful attention to how health professionals typically respond to patients' different social and cultural standards at various levels of the healthcare delivery system. And third, it calls for developing interventions that are sensitive to these first two issues to assure the delivery of quality healthcare for culturally diverse patients. This much is plain, insofar as we are talking about the broadest of commitments necessary to support the value of cultural competence in healthcare. But what other, more specific commitments are implied in accepting the value of cultural competence?I thank the guest editors of this issue, John R. Stone and Erika Blacksher, for their helpful suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper.
Sexually dimorphic outcomes and inflammatory responses in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Background Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of motor and cognitive impairment in children. Clinically, male infants are more vulnerable to ischemic insults and suffer more long-term deficits than females; however, the mechanisms underlying this sex difference remain elusive. Inflammatory processes initiated by microglial activation are fundamental in the pathophysiology of ischemia. Recent studies report a sexual dimorphism in microglia numbers and expression of activation markers in the neonatal brain under normal conditions. How these basal sex differences in microglia affect HIE remains largely unexplored. This study investigated sex differences in ischemic outcomes and inflammation triggered by HIE. We hypothesize that ischemia induces sex-specific brain injury in male and female neonates and that microglial activation and inflammatory responses play an important role in this sexual dimorphism.
The Elite Football Players with a Fifth Metatarsal Fracture

Objectives: Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal can be a difficult clinical problem, especially in the athlete who wishes to return to competition. Clinical and radiographic evaluation cannot always be relied upon to assess complete healing. Refracture, after operative and nonoperative treatment, of a fifth metatarsal is a known phenomenon. The purpose of the study was to characterize and describe the prevalence of fifth metatarsal fractures in athletes at the NFL Scouting Combine and test the hypothesis that radiographic healing and symptom free return to play in college predict length of career and risk of re-injury.
Vascular masking for improved unfolding in 2D SENSE‐accelerated 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography

Purpose To describe and evaluate the method we refer to as “vascular masking” for improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) retention in sensitivity encoding (SENSE)-accelerated contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA). Materials and Methods Vascular masking is a technique that restricts the SENSE unfolding of an accelerated subtraction angiogram to the voxels within the field of view known to have enhancing signal. This is a more restricted voxel set than that identified with conventional masking, which excludes only voxels in the air around the object. Thus, improved retention of SNR is expected. Evaluation was done in phantom and in vivo studies by comparing SNR and the g-factor in results reconstructed using vascular versus conventional masking. A radiological evaluation was also performed comparing conventional and vascular masking in R = 8 accelerated CE-MRA studies of the thighs (n = 21) and calves (n = 13). Results Images reconstructed with vascular masking showed a significant reduction in g-factor and improved retention of SNR versus those reconstructed with conventional masking. In the radiological evaluation, vascular masking consistently provided reduced background noise, improved luminal signal smoothness, and better small vessel conspicuity. Conclusion Vascular masking provides improved SNR retention and improved depiction of the vasculature in accelerated, subtraction 3D CE-MRA of the thighs and calves. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:1161–1170. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transpersonal Psychology: The Role of the Afrocentric Paradigm

Conspicuously absent in the literature of transpersonal psy chology in its search for a paradigm is an exploration of traditional African culture and world view. Such a legacy of omission from phil...
Reconstructive Surgery for Trochanteric Ulcer

Trochanteric ulcer is an ulcer which is located at the lateral part of the hip joint over the prominent bony part of the femur which is the greater trochanter. This ulcer is rarely seen in post-acute spinal cord injury or in other acute illnesses, because the patient is always in the supine position; however, this type of ulcer is commonly seen in chronic insensate patients which results from lying down on his/her side of the body. The harder the surface the patient is lying on, the deeper the damage to the skin and deep tissue. Anatomically, the greater trochanter is covered with anatomical bursa and skin; therefore, if ulceration occurs, it will involve the skin and the underlying bursa exposing the tendinous part of the vastus lateralis muscle origin. Healing in a stage IV ulcer may not occur because of the nature of the tissue and the formation of granulation tissue in the bursal cavity which is colonized by bacteria; consequently, surgical closure is indicated in this condition. Another condition is seen in spinal cord injury patients when the greater trochanter is rotated posteriorly secondary to subluxation of the hip joint which results from the paralysis and spasticity of the muscle. This abnormal position of the greater trochanter will create a new pressure point when patient is in the sitting or supine position which can cause skin ulceration. In repairing the trochanteric ulcer, it is important to excise the entire bursa and the surrounding tissue to help the healing process of the area. In addition to the important step of shaving the prominent trochanteric bone, the common flap available in the area to be utilized for repair of this ulcer is the tensor fascia lata flap which was described long time ago by Nahai in 1978 [1–4], as musculocutaneous flap or with modifications followed by Lewis in 1981 [5, 6] as V-Y advancement flap. The tensor fascia lata flap can be described as a myofasciocutaneous flap. In many instances, the muscle itself will not cover the defect because of the small size of the muscle, but the fasciocutaneous component of the flap will cover the defect. Taking into consideration that the blood supply of the fascia will be derived from the muscle and the skin island which covers that fascia will derive its blood supply from the fascia and muscle. The tensor fascia lata flap can be used as an island flap, V-Y advancement flap, or a rotation flap. All these modifications and their utilization depend on the size and location of the defect.
Comments on "An algorithm for decomposing a two-dimensional nonlinear vector field"

The algorithm is used to derive a closed form for the desired decomposition and potential function.
Antibiotic use review in ambulatory care using computer-assisted medical record audit

The use of a computer-assisted medical record audit (CAMRA) for reviewing antibiotic use in ambulatory patients was evaluated. A random sample of 40 medical records documenting treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis, otitis media, or acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections at two family practice clinics was used to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of computerized prescription screening and CAMRA relative to medical record audit (MRA) alone. Accuracy was the ability to correctly classify antibiotic therapy as appropriate or inappropriate. The initial computerized prescription screening criteria were modified to reduce the proportion of false positives and negatives and a second random sample of 40 medical records was audited. The computerized prescription screening was the most efficient method, requiring less than one hour of professional time to audit 80 medical records. MRA and CAMRA took 17.4 and 3.0 hours, respectively. By definition, MRA was 100% accurate. Computerized prescription screening and CAMRA correctly classified 73% and 78% of the medical records, respectively. The results of this study are similar to a previous study reviewing antihypertensive therapy, but this study showed CAMRA less favorably. This is primarily because of the many diagnoses for which a particular antibiotic can be prescribed and the wide dosage ranges for antibiotics based on body weight. CAMRA could be more useful for evaluating antibiotic therapy if diagnostic information were available before doing the computerized prescription screening and if the computerized prescription screening criteria included patient diagnosis and body weight.
Equal opportunity and genetic intervention.

What does the prospect of being able to alter a human being's “natural assets” by genetic engineering imply for our understanding of the requirements of justice, and of equal opportunity in particular? Although their proponents are reluctant to admit it, some of the most prominent contemporary theories of justice yield a quite radical conclusion: If safe and effective intervention in the genetic “natural lottery” becomes feasible, there will be at least a strong prima facie case for doing so in the name of equality of opportunity (or of some other egalitarian principle of justice, such as the principle that persons are entitled to equal concern and respect), if this is the most effective way to meet the demands of justice.
Reliability and performance of general two-dimensional broadcast wireless network

In this paper, an analytic model is built to study the medium access control (MAC) performance and reliability of general two-dimensional (2-D) IEEE 802.11 based wireless networks for one-hop broadcast communications. First, a semi-Markov process (SMP) model is introduced to capture the medium contention and backoff behavior and the impact of hidden terminal problem in IEEE 802.11 broadcast wireless networks in a more precise way. An M/G/1/K queue is used to model arrival and service of messages in an individual mobile terminal. To the contention for the shared medium, the SMP model interacts with the M/G/1/K queue through fixed-point iteration. Furthermore, based on the fixed-point solution, performance metrics including packet delivery probability (PDP), MAC-level and Application-level transmission delay, and MAC-level and Application-level packet reception ratio (PRR) are derived. The 2-D PDPs are derived through a coverage area computation for the impact of hidden terminal problem and concurrent transmissions to evaluate point-to-point reception probability, and then through integration of the reception probabilities over the circular intended range of the sending node. The analytical model takes into account IEEE 802.11 backoff counter process, hidden terminal problem, message inter-arrival interval, distinct transmission range, carrier sensing and interference ranges, and Nakagami fading channel with distance dependent path loss. Finally, as an example, the proposed analytic model is applied to a 2-D ad hoc network. The new model is validated through extensive simulations and new observations about the effects of network parameters on the performance and reliability are obtained.
How Deep Does Convergence in Corporate Governance Go? Sustainable Strategic Decoupling in the Compliance with Codes of Good Corporate Governance

Whether corporate governance systems, policies, and practices are converging to the Anglo-American model is an intensely debated issue. This paper addresses the convergence-divergence debate in corporate governance in the context of the diffusion of codes of good governance. Rather than joining the “either-or” debate, a model is presented in which drivers of convergence and impediments to convergence are simultaneously considered as determinants of the depth of convergence outcomes. The notion of sustainable strategic decoupling is introduced to address these dynamics at the firm level of analysis and to highlight that firms can actively respond to conflicting institutional pressures for change and continuity by making strategic choices.
New species of Cosmocercoides (Nematoda; Cosmocercidae) and other helminths in Gonocephalus liogaster (Squamata; Agamidae) from Peninsular Malaysia.

Cosmocercoides malayensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of Gonocephalus liogaster (Squamata, Agamidae) from Peninsular Malaysia is described and illustrated. Cosmocercoides malayensis sp. nov. represents the 23rd species assigned to the genus and the 10rd species from the Oriental biogeographical region. Cosmocercoides malayensis sp. nov. differs from the previously described Oriental species in number and position of rosette papillae; however, it is most similar to C. bufonis and C. rickae in that these 3 species have 6 post cloacal rosette papillae. Cosmocercoides bufonis possesses a pre-bulbar copular swelling, which is absent in C. malayensis; C. rickae posssesess somatic papillae, which are absent in C. malayen-sis. Three addtional nematode species were found, adult specimens of Meteterakis singaporensis and Orneoascaris sandoshami and larva of Physocephalus sp.
Cost Stability and the Periodic Review Cycle

This paper investigates the relationship between a firm's cost stability and the frequency with which it acquires data in planning its operations. We first consider a benchmark model of a profit maximizing monopolist whose marginal costs follow an AR(1) process over time. The firm uses forecasts based on historically observed costs for its production decisions and must determine how often it should collect cost data to update its forecasts. We explore the relationship between the frequency of forecast updates and the stability of cost data over time. In the benchmark model, we show that decreasing cost stability leads to more frequent data collection. We then examine the impact of product market competition on the firm's cost data collection choices. The firm is assumed to compete as a Cournot duopolist in its product market. We show that when the cost shocks are common to the industry, competition decreases the frequency of plan updates. Finally, we examine the impact of inventory by allowing a monopolist firm to "smooth" the cost shocks by holding inventory. We show that inventory introduces a non-monotonicity into the solution. Decreasing cost stability need not lead to an increase in the frequency of data collection.
Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell scanning localizes anastomotic hemorrhage between the distal ileum and duodenal stump of an enteric-drained pancreas transplant

Increasing numbers of pancreas transplants are performed with enteric exocrine drainage. Complications are more difficult to diagnose in enteric-drained pancreas transplants than in bladder-drained pancreas transplants. A 41-year-old woman underwent a simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant. She received a whole-organ pancreas transplant with exocrine drainage from the duodenal stump into the distal ileum. One week after operation, accelerated renal rejection developed and was treated with plasmapheresis. In a coagulopathic state from plasmapheresis, marked hematochezia developed 2 weeks after operation. The Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell scan clearly identified anastomotic hemorrhage between the duodenal stump of the pancreas transplant and the ileum.
Differential diagnosis of alcoholism.

The stereotype of the alcoholic as a skid- row bum is only one of many persisting fallacies concerning alcoholism. Others have to do with overtness, “hitting bottom,” quantity of alcohol consumed, and progression. Many more problem drinkers remain “stuck” at an earlier phase than progress to the end stages marked by psychologic, social and vocational deterioration. It is up to the physician to make the diagnosis at a time when prognosis is favorable.
Are Asian American women at higher risk of severe perineal lacerations

AbstractObjective: To evaluate whether Asian race is an independent risk factor for severe perineal lacerations.Methods: We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study examining the relationship between Asian race and severe perineal lacerations (third and fourth degree). The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Characteristics of Asian American women were compared with those of non-Asian women. The primary outcome of interest was severe perineal lacerations. Multivariable logistic regression was used to refine the associations between Asian race and severe perineal lacerations while adjusting for confounding effects. Results were compared with previously published data using a pooled odds ratio.Results: 2,270,044 Women with singleton vaginal deliveries were identified, and 120,452 (5.3%) were Asian. After adjusting for confounders, Asian women were more likely to experience severe perineal lacerations than a...
Determination of eight synthetic colours in beverage by HPLC-transform wavelength

Objective:To establish a beverage of 8 synthetic colours(tartrazine,sunset yellow,ponceau 4R,amaranth,allura red,erythrosine,indigotine,brilliant blue) wavelengths in the visible light transformation by high performance liquid chromatography Methods.Methods: The sample pH value adjusted to remove carbon dioxide after the ultrasound,and then into the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of the pigment wavelength maximum absorption wavelength in the visible region.Results: The eight kinds of synthetic pigments in the 1.0 mg/L～50mg/L range of good linearity,the correlation coefficient(r) was higher than 0.999,and method recovery was 93.4%～101.5%,the relative standard deviation RSD(%) 1.2%～3.8%.Conclusion: This method is simple,easy to operate,the results were also good,accurate and reliable.
I am Not Your Victim: Anatomy of Domestic Violence - Analysis of the Beth Sipe Autobiography

This paper is an analysis that defines and describes the patterns of recognized intimate partner violence, and looks at the physical, social, psychological, and economic aspects of abuse. It correlates these aspects to the personal experiences of Beth Sipe according to her autobiographical account in I Am Not Your Victim, which serves as a model example of a domestic abuse relationship. This analysis also discusses the societal implications of abuse, which encouraged changes like the Violence Against Women Act, and how that made resources and shelters available to women in similar situations.
PiGraphs: learning interaction snapshots from observations

We learn a probabilistic model connecting human poses and arrangements of object geometry from real-world observations of interactions collected with commodity RGB-D sensors. This model is encoded as a set of prototypical interaction graphs (PiGraphs), a human-centric representation capturing physical contact and visual attention linkages between 3D geometry and human body parts. We use this encoding of the joint probability distribution over pose and geometry during everyday interactions to generate interaction snapshots, which are static depictions of human poses and relevant objects during human-object interactions. We demonstrate that our model enables a novel human-centric understanding of 3D content and allows for jointly generating 3D scenes and interaction poses given terse high-level specifications, natural language, or reconstructed real-world scene constraints.
Effects of Filament Diameter Tolerances in Fused Filament Fabrication

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies due to the growing availability of low-cost desktop 3D printers and the relatively low cost of the thermoplastic filament used in the 3D printing process. Commercial filament suppliers, 3D printer manufacturers, and end-users regard filament diameter tolerance as an important indicator of the 3D printing quality. Irregular filament diameter affects the flow rate during the filament extrusion, which causes poor surface quality, extruder jams, irregular gaps in-between individual extrusions, and/or excessive overlap, which eventually results in failed 3D prints. Despite the important role of the diameter consistency in the FFF process, few studies have addressed the required tolerance level to achieve highest 3D printing quality. The objective of this work is to develop the testing methods to measure the filament tolerance and control the filament fabrication process. A pellet-based extruder is utilized to fabricate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using a nozzle of 1.75 mm in diameter. Temperature and extrusion rate are controlled parameters. An optical comparator and an array of digital calipers are used to measure the filament diameter. The results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high diameter consistency and low tolerances (0.01mm) at low extrusion temperature (180 °C) and low extrusion rate (10 in/min).
Distinction of Neurons, Glia and Endothelial Cells in the Cerebral Cortex: An Algorithm Based on Cytological Features.

The estimation of the number or density of neurons and types of glial cells and their relative proportions in different brain areas are at the core of rigorous quantitative neuroanatomical studies. Unfortunately, the lack of detailed, updated, systematic, and well-illustrated descriptions of the cytology of neurons and glial cell types, especially in the primate brain, makes such studies especially demanding, often limiting their scope and broad use. Here, following extensive analysis of histological materials and the review of current and classical literature, we compile a list of precise morphological criteria that can facilitate and standardize identification of cells in stained sections examined under the microscope. We describe systematically and in detail the cytological features of neurons and glial cell types in the cerebral cortex of the macaque monkey and the human using semithin and thick sections stained for Nissl. We used this classical staining technique because it labels all cells in the brain in distinct ways. In addition, we corroborate key distinguishing characteristics of different cell types in sections immunolabeled for specific markers counterstained for Nissl and in ultrathin sections processed for electron microscopy. Finally, we summarize the core features that distinguish each cell type in easy-to-use tables and sketches, and structure these key features in an algorithm that can be used to systematically distinguish cellular types in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, we report high inter-observer algorithm reliability, which is a crucial test for obtaining consistent and reproducible cell counts in unbiased stereological studies. This protocol establishes a consistent framework that can be used to reliably identify and quantify cells in the cerebral cortex of primates as well as other mammalian species in health and disease.
When agendas align: Critical materials and green electronics

Modern electronic devices are constructed using a large palette of materials, some of which are considered “critical,” meaning that their supply-chains are tenuous to some degree and they cannot easily be substituted. The rare earth crisis of 2010–'11 brought worldwide attention to the challenge of dealing with critical materials, and resulted in several research programs being created, world wide, to find technological solutions to shortages of essential materials. Some of the approaches used to ensure the supply chains of critical materials are consistent with making electronics greener, some are neutral, and some can run counter to the greening of information devices. Some of the approaches applied to critical materials can also be applied to anacritical materials which are the opposite of critical materials in a particular sense: they are materials that need to be removed from production or eliminated from waste because they are oversupplied or have undesirable traits such as toxicity or contamination of recycle streams. We describe where critical materials strategies and greening strategies coincide, and evaluate the most significant roadblocks to success.
Biochemical and Cellular Analysis Reveals Ligand Binding Specificities, a Molecular Basis for Ligand Recognition, and Membrane Association-dependent Activities of Cripto-1 and Cryptic

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways are key determinants of cell fate in animals. Their basic mechanism of action is simple. However, to produce cell-specific responses, TGF-β pathways are heavily regulated by secondary factors, such as membrane-associated EGF-CFC family proteins. Cellular activities of EGF-CFC proteins have been described, but their molecular functions, including how the mammalian homologs Cripto-1 and Cryptic recognize and regulate TGF-β family ligands, are less clear. Here we use purified human Cripto-1 and mouse Cryptic produced in mammalian cells to show that these two EGF-CFC homologs have distinct, highly specific ligand binding activities. Cripto-1 interacts with BMP-4 in addition to its known partner Nodal, whereas Cryptic interacts only with Activin B. These interactions depend on the integrity of the protein, as truncated or deglycosylated Cripto-1 lacked BMP-4 binding activity. Significantly, Cripto-1 and Cryptic blocked binding of their cognate ligands to type I and type II TGF-β receptors, indicating that Cripto-1 and Cryptic contact ligands at their receptor interaction surfaces and, thus, that they could inhibit their ligands. Indeed, soluble Cripto-1 and Cryptic inhibited ligand signaling in various cell-based assays, including SMAD-mediated luciferase reporter gene expression, and differentiation of a multipotent stem cell line. But in agreement with previous work, the membrane bound form of Cripto-1 potentiated signaling, revealing a critical role of membrane association for its established cellular activity. Thus, our studies provide new insights into the mechanism of ligand recognition by this enigmatic family of membrane-anchored TGF-β family signaling regulators and link membrane association with their signal potentiating activities.
All-Printed Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

A fully automated additive manufacturing process that produces all-printed flexible and stretchable electronics is demonstrated. The printing process combines soft silicone elastomer printing and liquid metal processing on a single high-precision 3D stage. The platform is capable of fabricating extremely complex conductive circuits, strain and pressure sensors, stretchable wires, and wearable circuits with high yield and repeatability.
Gabapentinoids therapy is associated with higher doses of atropine and dobutamine in stress echocardiography

Background: Anecdotal observation by a stress technician suggested that patients on gabapentinoids required longer protocols to achieve the target heart rate (HR) during stress echocardiography. In addition, recent randomized clinical trials have shown attenuation of reflex tachycardia and
Survival analysis of recurrent events on prostate cancer: facts from cancer genome

Many diseases and clinical outcomes may recur to the same patient. These events are termed as recurrent events. Several statistical models have been proposed in the literature to analyze recurrent events. In this study, we identify the clinical and the genetic risk factors for recurring tumors among prostate cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Five statistical approaches for modeling recurrent time-to-event are implemented to identify and to determine the effects of the clinical and the genetic risk factors of tumor recurrence. In particular, we consider Andersen-Gill (A-G), Wei-Lin-Weissfeld (WLW), Prentice-Williams- Peterson Total Time (PWP-TT), Prentice-Williams-Peterson Gap Time (PWP- GT) and Frailty models. We present and discuss the risk factors in uencing the recurrence of tumors and their impacts in prostate cancer patients obtained from five commonly used models in this paper.
Integration of Factors and Overview of Book

In preceding chapters the “clorpt” formula was taken apart and explicit factor sequences were secured. Now, a case of implicit correlation is to be resolved by stratified resampling. Later, previous sequences are put together in multivariate synthesis.
Selves in contact: how integrating perspectives on sociocultural selves and intergroup contact can inform theory and application on reducing inequality

Research within cultural psychology and intergroup relations represent two, often separate and distinct, approaches to examining social groups—including outcomes and experiences that define and distinguish group membership and its consequences. Often, social group membership (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender, and social class) is tied to persistent and pervasive divides—separations that mark the difference in who attends college, stays in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, and even views personal and societal events (e.g., microaggressions, police-involved shootings) as involving bias. Addressing such complex and often divisive issues, psychological science has contributed theoretical and applied insights to mitigate social differences and inequalities experienced by historically disadvantaged social groups. The present paper integrates research on cultural psychology and intergroup relations by (a) reviewing empirical findings on sociocultural selves and intergroup contact and (b) considering how merging approaches from these literatures, using a selves in contact framework, can inform and elaborate theoretical perspectives and applications aimed at reducing inequality.
Comment on “A Simple Model for Regolith Formation by Chemical Weathering” by Braun et al.: Contradictory Concentrations and a Tale of Two Velocities

An intriguing model has been presented predicting that the rate of deepening of the critical zone is proportional to lateral hydraulic gradients in a hillslope's perched aquifer. Unfortunately, the model is based on assumptions that lead to a contradiction and the prediction that discharge concentrations are supersaturated with respect to weathering products. Consequently, the remainder of the paper's deductions from the model cannot be regarded as valid. A corrected version of the model implies that deepening of the critical zone is proportional to local recharge, and not to lateral water table gradients.
Controlled laboratory experiments and modeling of vegetative filter strips with shallow water tables

Abstract Natural or planted vegetation at the edge of fields or adjacent to streams, also known as vegetative filter strips (VFS), are commonly used as an environmental mitigation practice for runoff pollution and agrochemical spray drift. The VFS position in lowlands near water bodies often implies the presence of a seasonal shallow water table (WT). In spite of its potential importance, there is limited experimental work that systematically studies the effect of shallow WTs on VFS efficacy. Previous research recently coupled a new physically based algorithm describing infiltration into soils bounded by a water table into the VFS numerical overland flow and transport model, VFSMOD, to simulate VFS dynamics under shallow WT conditions. In this study, we tested the performance of the model against laboratory mesoscale data under controlled conditions. A laboratory soil box (1.0 m wide, 2.0 m long, and 0.7 m deep) was used to simulate a VFS and quantify the influence of shallow WTs on runoff. Experiments included planted Bermuda grass on repacked silt loam and sandy loam soils. A series of experiments were performed including a free drainage case (no WT) and a static shallow water table (0.3–0.4 m below ground surface). For each soil type, this research first calibrated VFSMOD to the observed outflow hydrograph for the free drainage experiments to parameterize the soil hydraulic and vegetation parameters, and then evaluated the model based on outflow hydrographs for the shallow WT experiments. This research used several statistical metrics and a new approach based on hypothesis testing of the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) to evaluate model performance. The new VFSMOD routines successfully simulated the outflow hydrographs under both free drainage and shallow WT conditions. Statistical metrics considered the model performance valid with greater than 99.5% probability across all scenarios. This research also simulated the shallow water table experiments with both free drainage and various water table depths to quantify the effect of assuming the former boundary condition. For these two soil types, shallow WTs within 1.0–1.2 m below the soil surface influenced infiltration. Existing models will suggest a more protective vegetative filter strip than what actually exists if shallow water table conditions are not considered.
Retention of student pharmacists' knowledge and skills regarding overdose management with naloxone

Background: Overdose education and naloxone training was recently implemented into the required curriculum of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Rhode Island. The objective of this study ...
Social Media and Bariatric Surgery

Physician use of social media is ever increasing. Since the beginning of the widespread use of social media in 2005, the use of social media in US adults has increased to 87% in a 2014 study. There is widespread adoption of several social media platforms, but no generalized consensus on the best way to utilize each platform for a physician’s practice. This chapter looks at the history of social media and its impact on surgeons and provides insight into who should use it and why and how.
Social Studies in South Korea: Examining Teacher and Teacher Educator’s Views

The Republic of South Korea is a nation that has seen dramatic changes in its economic and educational systems over the course of the last 50 years. These circumstances present unique views of citizenship and the roles that teachers and teacher educators play in this process. This study presents two case studies, one a classroom teacher and the other a teacher educator. It examines their views of social studies and geography education, the process training new citizens, and offers insights into what the dynamic relationship between the two offers future educators and teacher educators.
Uncertainty Implications of Hybrid Approach in LCA: Precision versus Accuracy

The hybrid approach in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that uses both input-output and process data has been discussed in the context of mitigating truncation error and burdens of data collection. However, the implication of introducing input-output data on the overall uncertainty of an LCA result has been debated. In this study, we selected an existing process LCA, performed a Monte Carlo simulation after hybridizing each truncated flow at a time, and analyzed the dispersion and position of the distribution in the results. The results showed that hybridization effectively moved the mean of the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 38% higher while maintaining the standard deviation within the 0.62-0.78 range (relative standard deviation, 3-4%). We identified key activities contributing to the overall uncertainty and simulated the potential effect of collecting higher quality supplier-specific data for those activities on the overall uncertainty. The results showed that replacing as few as 10 of the largest uncertainty contributors with high precision supplier-specific data substantially narrowed the distribution. Our results suggest that hybridizing truncated inputs improves accuracy of LCA results without compromising their precision, and prioritizing supplier-specific data collection can further enhance precision in a cost-effective manner.
Autologous Blood Transfusion

Autologous blood transfusion (ABT) is the collection and reinfusion of the patient’s own blood or blood components. Autologous donation is used in preparation surgery with the idea of avoiding allogeneic blood use. Allogeneic blood, on the other hand, is collected from someone other than the patient.
Experimental Micromechanics and Viscoelasticity of Biological and Bioprotective Materials

The properties of composite materials including those of biological origin depend very much upon structure. We consider here viscoelastic properties in which the stiffness depends on time or frequency, and microelastic properties in which there is dependence of stress upon spatial gradients of strain. The complex structural hierarchy of composite materials, particularly biological ones, gives rise to several viscoelastic processes, however the microelastic response is principally governed by the largest size structural elements.
Influence of Interventions on Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior after Stroke: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that frequent engagement in daily activities requiring physical activity may influence risk factors for recurrent stroke. The effects of nonpharmacological interventions on daily physical activity levels and sedentary behavior are unclear. OBJECTIVE To describe the effects of interventions on levels of daily physical activity and sedentary behavior among people with stroke. METHODS OVID/Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database were searched using the following search terms: stroke, rehabilitation, intervention, sedentary, physical activity, lifestyle, self-management, and exercise. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two authors. RESULTS Thirty-one interventions were identified that included exercise, behavior change techniques, and education components. These components were delivered alone and in varying combinations. At postintervention, between-group effects on change scores (Cohen's d = 0.17-0.75, P < .05) or between-group differences in odds of participating in daily physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07, P < .05) were detected in six studies, and within-group effects in nine studies (Cohen's d = 0.21-3.97, P < .05). At follow-up, between-group differences in odds of participating in daily physical activity were detected in one study (OR = 2.64, P < .05), and within-group effects in two studies (Cohen's d = 0.25, P < .05). No effects (P < .05) were detected in 17 studies. CONCLUSION It may be possible to modify daily physical activity levels and sedentary behavior poststroke; however, there is insufficient evidence to suggest the superiority of a particular intervention approach. Future studies should explore the unique contributions of individual intervention components to guide development of parsimonious multicomponent interventions that are effective for promoting daily physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior among people with stroke. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
Collapse of the British Tea Table Company

The struggle between John Pearce and the Hurst faction must be understood as part of a broader trend in which the chairmen and Board of Directors of some major catering companies sought to exert authority over the managing director through various tactics—dismissal, demotion to general manager without a seat on the Board or even eliminating the position altogether.
Chapter 4 – Infrastructure

Infrastructure refers to those resources and items required to successfully support and operate information systems. These items include, but are not limited to, security, networks, computers and closely associated hardware, their operation and management, data centers, and desktop computers. In many cases, these items may be purchased as services from a vendor, or are a part of services supported by groups within an organization. Infrastructure items often require large capital and operational expenditures, lengthy lead times, and highly technical skills. The internal versus the acquisition of these services from commercial suppliers is usually decided by economic tradeoffs and availability of local skills. Infrastructure also refers to hardware and software for the use and management of information systems. These include software to manage identity management (users and their passwords), logins (such as single sign-on or SSO), anti-virus software, firewalls, and software for remote access. Infrastructure plays a large role in supporting the security of information systems to protect data against accidental or inappropriate destruction, alteration, or access.
Kinetics of hydrogen reduction of magnetite concentrate particles at 1623–1873 K relevant to flash ironmaking

The reduction of magnetite concentrate particles by H2 has been investigated in drop-tube reactor (DTR) to obtain a rate equation that can be applied to the design and analysis of an ironmaking fla...
Electrostatically-assisted direct ink writing for additive manufacturing

Abstract Nozzle-based three-dimensional (3D) printing (additive manufacturing) technologies, which build a model by depositing and stacking materials layer-by-layer, are limited by long layer-build time resulting in low throughput. While nozzle-based printing is already arguably versatile, such sub-categories as Direct-Ink-Writing (DIW) find difficulty when printing material on rough surfaces. Recently electrohydrodynamic (EHD) elements added new features in droplet positioning but also revealed limitations in the achievable build height due to the need for a grounded substrate or embedded electrode. Here, we introduce an additional electrode added to the printhead generating an electric field (E.F.) between the above-mentioned electrode and printing nozzle. The resulting Coulomb force pulls the extruded ink in the direction of printing allowing faster translational speed, thinner trace widths, and improved deposition on rough surfaces without a decrease throughout the build height. We also developed the electrohydrodynamic theory of the proposed DIW processes. After completing DIW experiments on a translating belt with a stationary nozzle, an electric field oriented in the direction of printing was retrofitted to a DIW-based 3D printer. The integration of the electrode to the printhead allowed successful prints at the machine’s maximum speed of 500 mm/s for a documented situation in which DIW previously failed in existing literature. Similarly, successful prints were achieved on rough surfaces where the printing was impossible without the applied E.F. Along with new design opportunities, these results unlock speed restriction within nozzle-based printing while significantly expanding versatility and substrate choices. Compared to the state-of-the-art DIW processes, our electrostatically-assisted direct ink writing technology shows orders of magnitude faster direct writing speed (> 500 mm/s) and capability of printing on super-rough surfaces which were impossible before.
In the Furtherance of Injustice, Injustice, or Both? A Multilevel Analysis of Courtroom Context and the Implementation of Three Strikes

A hierarchical logistic model is used to analyze data on Three Strikes-eligible offenders in California and the counties in which they are sentenced. The analysis finds that discretion is widely exercised by elected prosecutors and judges in the administration of Three Strikes. Discretion functions as a “safety valve” and preserves some sentencing proportionality, but may also allow political concerns to influence sentencing decisions. A more conservative political environment is strongly associated with stricter application of the law. Consistent with racial threat theory, eligible felons are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences in counties with larger Latino populations. However, the size of the black population has no significant effect. Higher unemployment rates are associated with more stringent application of the law. Prosecutorial and judicial discretion benefits offenders unequally. Controlling for legally relevant factors, black offenders are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences, while younger ones are less likely.