cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rescue karyotyping: a case series of array-based comparative genomic hybridization evaluation of archival conceptual tissue.

Background: Determination of fetal aneuploidy is central to evaluation of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). However, obtaining this information at the time of a miscarriage is not always possible or may not have been ordered. Here we report on “rescue karyotyping”, wherein DNA extracted from archived paraffin-embedded pregnancy loss tissue from a prior dilation and curettage (D&C) is evaluated by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted at an academic medical center. Patients included had unexplained RPL and a prior pregnancy loss for which karyotype information would be clinically informative but was unavailable. After extracting DNA from slides of archived tissue, aCGH with a reduced stringency approach was performed, allowing for analysis of partially degraded DNA. Statistics were computed using STATA v12.1 (College Station, TX). Results: Rescue karyotyping was attempted on 20 specimens from 17 women. DNA was successfully extracted in 16 samples (80.0%), enabling analysis at either high or low resolution. The longest interval from tissue collection to DNA extraction was 4.2 years. There was no significant difference in specimen sufficiency for analysis in the collection-to-extraction interval (p=0.14) or gestational age at pregnancy loss (p=0.32). Eight specimens showed copy number variants: 3 trisomies, 2 partial chromosomal deletions, 1 mosaic abnormality and 2 unclassified variants. Conclusions: Rescue karyotyping using aCGH on DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue provides the opportunity to obtain critical fetal cytogenetic information from a prior loss, even if it occurred years earlier. Given the ubiquitous archiving of paraffin embedded tissue obtained during a D&C and the ease of obtaining results despite long loss-to-testing intervals or early gestational age at time of fetal demise, this may provide a useful technique in the evaluation of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss.
Measurements of the Persistent Current Decay and Snapback Effect in Tevatron Dipole Magnets

A systematic study of the persistent current decay and snapback effect in the fields of Tevatron accelerator dipoles was performed at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility (MTF). The decay and snapback were measured under a range of conditions including variations of the current ramp parameters and magnet operational history. The study has mostly focused on the dynamic behavior of the normal sextupole component. In addition, the paper presents the persistent current effects observed in the other allowed field harmonics as well. The results provide new information about the previously observed "excess" decay during the first several seconds of the sextupole decay during injection and the correlation between the snapback amplitude and its duration.
Numerical Simulation of the 1981 Sichuan Flood. Part I: Evolution of a Mesoscale Southwest Vortex

Abstract During the period 11–15 July 1981, heavy rainfall occurred over the Sichuan Basin in China, resulting in severe floods that took a large toll in human life and property damage. Mesoscale analyses by Kuo, Cheng and Anthes have shown that the flood was directly related to the development of a long-lived mesoscale southwest (SW) vortex over the basin. In this paper we present the results of numerical experiments aimed at 1) testing the capability of a limited-area mesoscale model to predict the evolution of the SW vortex and the accompanying heavy precipitation, 2) examining the structure of the simulated vortex using the model data, and 3) elucidating the role of various physical processes in the evolution of the SW vortex. Principal findings are: 1) The control experiment, which utilized an 80-km grid spacing and simple physical parameterizations, was able to simulate the evolution of the mesoscale SW vortex and the accompanying heavy precipitation. The simulation captured many observed features a...
Investigation of state-filling and carrier collection of doped InAs QDs through direct absorption measurement

A method of fabricating transmission samples was created to determine if the reduction in quantum efficiency of heavily delta-doped quantum dots (QD) was due to a loss in minority carrier collection efficiency, as was shown for bulk material, or due to saturation of the lowest energy states by dopant carriers. This was achieved by bonding the sample to a glass slide as a handle, utilizing substrate removal to thin the sample, as well as anti-reflective and pro-transmission optical coatings to improve transmission and reduce reflection.
The Short-Run Relationship between Real Effective Exchange Rate and Balance of Trade in China

This paper analyzes the short-run relationship between the real effective exchange rate and the balance of trade in China. We examined the causality between effective exchange rate and balance of trade with Granger-Causality test using the monthly data from January 1994 to August 2009. The test suggests that in the short run balance of trade causes a change in effective exchange rate but not vice versa. The uni-directional relationship between exchange rate and balance of trade compels the use of transfer function methodology. Transfer function estimation shows that a shock in balance of trade has a 3-4 month delayed effect on effective exchange rate in the short-run but this delayed effect dissipates in the long run.
Origin of J–V Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells

High-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organometal halide perovskite have emerged in the past five years as excellent devices for harvesting solar energy. Some remaining challenges should be resolved to continue the momentum in their development. The photocurrent density–voltage (J−V) responses of the PSCs demonstrate anomalous dependence on the voltage scan direction/rate/range, voltage conditioning history, and device configuration. The hysteretic J–V behavior presents a challenge for determining the accurate power conversion efficiency of the PSCs. Here, we review the recent progress on the investigation of the origin(s) of J–V hysteresis behavior in PSCs. We discuss the impact of slow transient capacitive current, trapping and detrapping process, ion migrations, and ferroelectric polarization on the hysteresis behavior. The remaining issues and future research required toward the understanding of J–V hysteresis in PSCs will also be discussed.
“Gender and Honor in Mexican History: Liberalism and Revolution in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Mexico”

Blum, Ann S. Domestic Economies: Family, Work, and Welfare in Mexico City, 1884–1943. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2009. Cano, Gabriela. Se Llamaba Elena Arizmendi. Mexico: Editores Tusquets, 2010. Piccato, Pablo. The Tyranny of Opinion:Honor in the Construction of the Mexican Public Sphere.Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010. Sloan, Kathryn. Runaway Daughters: Seduction, Elopement, and Honor in Nineteenth-Century Mexico. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 2008. Smith, Stephanie. Gender and the Mexican Revolution: Yucatan Women and the Realities of Patriarchy. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
Mitral Valve Replacement After Failed Mitral Ring Insertion With or Without Leaflet/Chordal Repair for Pure Mitral Regurgitation

Mitral repair operations for correction of pure mitral regurgitation (MR) are generally quite successful. Occasionally, however, the reparative procedure incompletely corrects the MR or the MR recurs. From March 1993 to January 2016, twenty nine patients had mitral valve replacement after the initial mitral repair operation, and observations in them were analyzed. All 29 patients at the repair operation had an annular ring inserted and later ( 1 year in 21) mitral valve replacement. The cause of the MR before the repair operation appears to have been prolapse in 16 patients (55%), secondary (functional) in 12 (41%) (ischemic in 5), and infective endocarditis which healed in 1 (3%). At the replacement operation the excised anterior mitral leaflet was thickened in all 29 patients. Some degree of stenosis appeared to have been present in 16 of the 29 patients before the replacement operation, although only 10 had an echocardiographic or hemodynamic recording of a transvalvular gradient; at least 11 patients had restricted motion of the posterior mitral leaflet; 10, ring dehiscence; 2, severe hemolysis; and 2, left ventricular outflow obstruction. In conclusion, there are multiple reasons for valve replacement after earlier mitral repair. Uniformly, at the time of the replacement, the mitral leaflets were thickened by fibrous tissue. Measurement of the area enclosed by the 360° rings and study of the excised leaflet suggest that the ring itself may have contributed to the leaflet scarring and development of some transmitral stenosis.
On the Geometry of Clocks

(1930). On the Geometry of Clocks. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 368-369.
INCREASED CARDIAC READMISSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR NONCOMPACTION COMPARED TO NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is an incompletely understood form of cardiomyopathy that can lead to heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death; however, outcome studies in this disease are lacking. Therefore we examined patients found to have cardiomyopathy by cardiac
Magnetic resonance and computed tomography evaluation of tracheobronchial lesions prior to laser photoresection.

Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images prior to endoscopic laser photoresection for obstructing lesions of the airways were compared in 24 patients. In 33% of the cases, MR was considered superior to CT in defining the relationship of the vessels to the tracheobronchial tree and the location and extent of the airway lesion. In 50% MR and CT were equal. In 17% MR was not diagnostic, mainly because of motion degradation of the images. Transverse MR imaging can define tumor relationship to vessels. Coronal imaging allows visualization of the trachea and mainstem bronchi, and surface coil technology allows imaging with improved resolution of the proximal trachea. MR, when available, is an appropriate first imaging modality for evaluating the relationships of the tracheobronchial tree and vasculature prior to laser photoresection. If MR is not readily available, or if cardiac arrhythmia or patient motion precludes MR imaging, then contrast-enhanced CT evaluation would be the modality of choice.
Antibacterial Properties of Some Positive Univalent Iodine Compounds

SummaryFrom these experiments, one can conclude that monopyridine iodine (I) p-nitrobenzoate rapidly destroys common pathogenic bacteria and that it is relatively non-toxic and non-irritating
Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation from Phenyl Radical Pyrolysis and Reaction of Phenyl and Acetylene

An experimental investigation of phenyl radical pyrolysis and the phenyl radical + acetylene reaction has been performed to clarify the role of different reaction mechanisms involved in the formation and growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) serving as precursors for soot formation. Experiments were conducted using GC/GC-MS diagnostics coupled to the high-pressure single-pulse shock tube present at the University of Illinois at Chicago. For the first time, comprehensive speciation of the major stable products, including small hydrocarbons and large PAH intermediates, was obtained over a wide range of pressures (25-60 atm) and temperatures (900-1800 K) which encompass the typical conditions in modern combustion devices. The experimental results were used to validate a comprehensive chemical kinetic model which provides relevant information on the chemistry associated with the formation of PAH compounds. In particular, the modeling results indicate that the o-benzyne chemistry is a key factor in the formation of multi-ring intermediates in phenyl radical pyrolysis. On the other hand, the PAHs from the phenyl + acetylene reaction are formed mainly through recombination between single-ring aromatics and through the hydrogen abstraction/acetylene addition mechanism. Polymerization is the common dominant process at high temperature conditions.
Analysis on population structure and seasonal fluctuation of flies in Shandong Province in 2011-2013

Objective To investigate the density and population distribution,ecological behaviour and seasonal fluctuation of flies,and to provide a scientific basis for controlling flies' breeding measures in Shandong Province.Methods The fly density and population were investigated by cage trap method blending with sugar and vinegar as baits to capture flies from April to November.Results A total of 15 424 flies were captured in Shandong Province in 2011-2013.The top 3 dominant species were musca domestica,lucilia sericata and chrysomyia megacephala,the percentages were 33.85%,17.78% and 10.73% respectively.In those 3years,the average fly density was 10.2 flies per cage.The density was the highest in 2011 which was 11.12 flies pieces per cage;The second density was 11.03 flies per cage in 2013;The lowest density was 8.59 flies per cage in 2012.The overall seasonal prevalence in last 3 years was a single-peak curve,and the peak of flies was usually from June to September,the highest peak appeared in July.The environment with the largest density was farmers' market(14.1 flies per cage),followed by green belt(10.98 flies per cage),residential area(9.08 flies per cage),and external environments of restaurants(8.28 flies per cage).Conclusion The flies density and population are of difference according to the different seasons and habitats.Temperature,breeding environment,prevention and control measures are the main influencing factors.The monitor results display that it is necessary to take environmental management primarily,and chemical counter-measures as the auxiliary prevention measures before early breeding peak occurs,so aim to provide the scientific basis for synthetical fly control measures and achieve control of infectious disease and popular of fly in the future.
An optimized transport-of-intensity solution for phase imaging

The transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) is often used to determine the phase and amplitude profile of a complex object by monitoring the intensities at different distances of propagation or around the image plane. TIE results from the imaginary part of the paraxial wave equation and is equivalent to the conservation of energy. The real part of the paraxial wave equation gives the eikonal equation in the presence of diffraction. Since propagation of the optical field between different planes is governed by the (paraxial) wave equation, both real and imaginary parts need to be satisfied at every propagation plane. In this work, the solution of the TIE is optimized by using the real part of the paraxial wave equation as a constraint. This technique is applied to the more exact determination of imaging the induced phase of a liquid heated by a focused laser beam, which has been previously computed using TIE only. Retrieval of imaged phase using the TIE is performed by using the constraint that naturally arises from the real part of the paraxial wave equation.
Induction of hepatic glycogenesis in the fetal rat.

We have performed an in vivo study to test the hypothesis that induction of fetal hepatic glycogenesis is stimulated by insulin and involves activation of protein phosphatase type-1. Control animal...
Self-consistent scheme for optical response of large hybrid networks of semiconductor quantum dots and plasmonic metal nanoparticles

We discuss a self-consistent scheme for treating the optical response of large, hybrid networks of semiconducting quantum dots (SQDs) and plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Our method is efficient and scalable and becomes exact in the limiting case of weakly interacting SQDs. The self-consistent equations obtained for the steady state are analogous to the von Neumann equations of motion for the density matrix of a SQD placed in an effective electric field computed within the discrete dipole approximation. Illustrative applications of the theory to square and honeycomb SQD, MNP, and hybrid SDQ-MNP lattices as well as SQD-MNP dimers are presented. Our results demonstrate that hybrid SQD-MNP lattices can provide flexible platforms for light manipulation with tunable resonant characteristics.
Idealized Numerical Modeling of the Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Cyclones

AbstractA numerical experiment is performed to evaluate the role of the daily cycle of radiation on axisymmetric hurricane structure. Although a diurnal response in high cloudiness has been well documented previously, the link to tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity remains unknown. Previous modeling studies attributed differences in results to experimental setup (e.g., initial and boundary conditions) as well as to radiative parameterizations. Here, a numerically simulated TC in a statistically steady state is examined for 300 days to quantify the TC response to the daily cycle of radiation.Fourier analysis in time reveals a spatially coherent diurnal signal in the temperature, wind, and latent heating tendency fields. This signal is statistically different from random noise and accounts for up to 62% of the variance in the TC outflow and 28% of the variance in the boundary layer. Composite analysis of each hour of the day reveals a cycle in storm intensity: a maximum is found in the morning and...
Reactions and Thermochemistry of Mixed Cluster Ions

Protonated clusters of the type H+(CH3OH)n(CH3CN)m show a predominant sequence with the composition H+(CH3OH)n(CH3CN)2, where the solvent shells are completed by blocking groups on both ends [4]. Even though ionization involves large excess energies, the observed cluster distributions are sensitive to thermochemical differences as small as 1–3 kcal/mole. Nucleophilic substitution reactions have been observed following the ionization of p-difluorobenzene-methanol mixed clusters. The generation of p-fluoroanisole ion exhibits a strong dependence on the degree of solvation of the cluster. The results for different alcohols will be discussed.
Deformation and Recrystallization Textures of Rolled Uranium Sheet

The rolling and recrystallization textures in 300°C rolled uranium sheet were investigated using a Geiger counter diffractometer with the modified Schulz reflection technique. Seven sections of sheet material were used in order to obtain sufficient data for quantitative pole figures by the reflection technique. A special integrating specimen table was used for obtaining and recording the data automatically. The rolling texture was described in terms of several “ideal orientations” in which the stronger orientations have either the (110) or (010) poles in the vicinity of the rolling direction. The recrystallization texture of the sheet uranium was also described by several “ideal orientations” which are somewhat different, except in one case, than the as-rolled “ideal orientations.”
Immunomodulatory effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on elastin scaffold remodeling in diabetes

Diabetes is a major risk factor for the progression of vascular disease, contributing to elevated levels of glycoxidation, chronic inflammation and calcification. Tissue engineering emerges as a potential solution for the treatment of vascular diseases however there is a considerable gap in the understanding of how scaffolds and stem cells will perform in patients with diabetes. We hypothesized that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) by virtue of their immunosuppressive potential would moderate the diabetes-intensified inflammatory reactions and induce positive construct remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we prepared arterial elastin scaffolds seeded with autologous ASCs and implanted them subdermally in diabetic rats and compared inflammatory markers, macrophage polarization, matrix remodeling, calcification and bone protein expression to control scaffolds implanted with and without cells in nondiabetic rats. ASC-seeded scaffolds exhibited lower levels of CD8+ T-cells and CD68+ pan-macrophages and higher numbers of M2 macrophages, smooth muscle cell-like and fibroblast-like cells. Calcification and osteogenic markers were reduced in ASCseeded scaffolds implanted in non-diabetic rats but remained unchanged in diabetes, unless the scaffolds were first pre-treated with penta-galloyl glucose (PGG), a known anti-oxidative elastin-binding polyphenol. In conclusion, autologous ASC seeding in elastin scaffolds is effective in combating diabetes-related complications. To prevent calcification, the oxidative milieu needs to be reduced by elastin-binding antioxidants such as PGG.
Mémoire anachronique: Lettre à moi-même et à quelques autres

Alice Cherki is a distinguished member of that small band of Frenchmen and women born in Algeria who chose to support the cause of Algerian independence. This ‘letter to herself’ is a rather quirky...
Less common rheumatologic disorders: Current concepts of skin and systemic manifestations.

The cutaneous manifestations of the common rheumatologic disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and systemic sclerosis, are well known. In contrast, the dermatologic findings of less common rheumatologic disorders, including Sjogren syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, and relapsing polychondritis, are less widely known. The cutaneous manifestations of these connective tissue disorders are reviewed.
Accountability and the Public Funding of Higher Education

The idea that higher education institutions receiving public funds should be accountable for working towards socially desirable goals became increasingly popular on both sides of the Atlantic since the early 1990s. Policies have been introduced to promote accountability in higher education, including various models of performance assessment and performance, or output-based, funding. This paper offers an overview of recent empirical research on performance funding policies in the US and Europe. It compares and contrasts findings from multi-state stakeholder analyses, along with a review of preliminary evidence on the impact of performance funding policies on institutional behaviour and institutional performance. The systematic review of research evidence reveals that higher education institutions with a joint teaching-research mission are more likely to oppose performance funding measures than other academic and non-academic stakeholders, and that academic stakeholders consider performance funds an additional revenue source. The impact of performance funding policies on institutional behaviour and performance is found to be modest at best across studies.
Maximal Operators Associated to Sets of Directions of Hausdorff and Minkowski Dimension Zero

For any set Ω⊂[0,π∕2) we let R Ω be the set of rectangles in ℝ 2 oriented in one of the directions of Ω. The geometric maximal operator associated to Ω is given by $$\begin{array}{rcl}{ M}_{\Omega }f(x) =\sup\limits_{x\in R\in {R}_{\Omega }} \frac{1} {\left \vert R\right \vert }{\int \nolimits \nolimits }_{R}\left \vert f(y)\right \vert \;dy\;.& & \\ \end{array}$$ In this chapter we show that if M Ω is bounded on L p (ℝ 2) for 1<p≤∞, then Ω must be countable and of Hausdorff and Minkowski dimension zero. We shall see that the converse does not hold, however, by exhibiting an example of a countable set Ω of Hausdorff and Minkowski dimension zero for which the associated maximal operator M Ω is unbounded on L p (ℝ 2) for 1≤p<∞ . All of these results will be seen to be consequences of a recent theorem of Bateman (Duke Math. J. 147:55–77, 2009) regarding geometric maximal operators and N-lacunary sets.
Intestinal Calcium Transport

The absorption of dietary calcium is variable and incomplete. The efficiency of absorption is regulated to meet skeletal mineral requirements and is also sensitive to dietary calcium intake and circulating levels of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25(OH)2D3). The events involved in the translocation of calcium across the epithelium from lumen to blood have been studied using a variety of in vivo and in vitro techniques. The results permit construction of a two-component model for calcium transport composed of a transcellular pathway regulated by 1, 25(OH)2D3 and a paracellular pathway sensitive to transepithelial osmotic and electrochemical gradients. This review will focus on the pathways for calcium transport, the driving forces involved, and regulation by 1, 25(OH)2D3. Events at the cellular level, while poorly understood, will also be discussed.
Structural Analysis of ZON-Type Aluminophosphates by Solid State NMR

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the new aluminophosphate material AlPO4-ZON. Highly resolved multiple quantum magic-angle spinning NMR spectra showed all four Al sites in the framework of AlPO4-ZON. Additional 27Al resonances were detected in some samples. They were assigned to an impurity phase of AlPO4-AFR and to six-coordinated aluminum in the extra-lattice positions. High-speed MAS NMR of 1H yielded the OH concentration in the samples synthesized from the fluoride-modified gels of different pH. The location of fluorine in the AlPO4-ZON framework has been verified by measuring the internuclear distances between 19F and all 27Al sites using the MQ-REDOR technique. MQ-REDOR has been also used to measure the distances between 1H and 27Al nuclei in this material.
Cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery during hypoxemia and hemodilution: Role of arterial oxygen content

To determine the role of arterial O2 content (CaO2) in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to hypoxemia and hemodilution, CaO2 was progressively reduced from approximately 18 to approximately 6...
When will everything change

If tobacco control has an iconic characterisation of cigarette smoking, it is surely Michael Russell’s 1976 statement that ‘People smoke for nicotine but they die from the tar’.1 The statement suggests either providing smokers with satisfying levels of nicotine but with greatly reduced tar (Russell’s proposal) or, somewhat ironically (but no less logically), the opposite: ignoring the tar but reducing nicotine to non-addicting levels. Four decades later, entrepreneurs are offering smokers a high-tech version of the first approach in the form of electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn (HnB) tobacco ‘sticks’. These novel products deliver satisfying levels of nicotine (at least satisfying for some smokers), while yielding many fewer chemicals than does combusted tobacco.2 The devices’ ultimate health effects are unknown and possibly unknowable, reflecting the decades required …
Writing for Survival: Letters of Sarajevo Jews Before Their Liquidation During World War II

Throughout the many centuries of their sojourn in Bosnia and Herzegovina under various empires and regimes, the Bosnian Jews were integrated—socially, politically, economically, and culturally. There was a long and peaceful intermingling of the Jewish community with the Bosnian Muslim, Serb, and Croat communities, whose leaderships showed a mutual acceptance and respect for the habits and rituals of the different religious groups. However, the events of the mid-twentieth century destroyed that characterization. Preserved letters written by Sarajevo Jews detailing some of their living conditions shed light on their situation. The chapter provides insight into life in wartime Sarajevo and a situation when references to belonging and history meant nothing to representatives of the occupying forces.
Correction of the Lower Face and Neck

Rejuvenation of the lower face and neck strives to reverse signs of aging while optimizing the patient's natural anatomy. Common features of an aesthetically pleasing lower face include a well-defined and appropriately balanced mandible and an acute cervicomental angle. Correction of the aging lower face and neck is accomplished through multiple surgical interventions, performed either alone or in combination. Determination of appropriate procedures is based on individual anatomic pathology. Intimate knowledge of facial anatomy and the complexity of the aging process is paramount to achieve a natural and aesthetic result. Thorough patient evaluation and counseling should precede any intervention. Specifically, the surgeon should be cognizant of the patient's skeletal structure, soft tissue distribution, muscular anatomy, and skin quality. Appropriate postoperative care and management of complications are vital to success.
Introduction to “Advances in Photodynamic Therapy 2018”

This Special Issue of Molecules entitled "Advances in Photodynamic Therapy 2018" contains seven papers, including five original reports and two reviews. [...].
Context-Aware workplace learning support: concept, experiences, and remaining challenges

Workplace learning offers the unique possibility of the immediacy of purpose and real-world context. In order to leverage on this, we have developed a context-aware method to support workplace learning. In this paper, we want to describe the concept of context-steered learning, both from a content-driven and communication-driven perspective, and present corresponding system functionality primitives.
Acute Cor Pulmonale in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19.

Acute Cor Pulmonale in Covid-19 Five cases of acute cor pulmonale in patients with Covid-19 are described. Although acute pulmonary thromboembolism was the most likely cause of right ventricular fa...
Customer Preferences, Supply-Chain Costs, and Product-Line Design

The modeling framework developed here to address the positioning and pricing of a product line assumes that products differ in price and in a single physical attribute. It incorporates a flexible representation of customer heterogeneity, allowing for price-sensitive demand, and a rich class of supply-chain cost models. A key characteristic of potentially optimal product lines, termed the cross-point property, is used to develop efficient dynamic programming algorithms to determine an optimal product line.
Megafauna in Salt Marshes

Megafauna shape ecosystems globally through trophic interactions, ecology of fear, and ecosystem engineering. Highly productive salt marshes at the interface of terrestrial and marine systems have the potential to support megafauna species, but a recent global meta-analysis of consumer-plant interactions in marshes found few studies investigated impacts of wild megafauna. We conducted a literature review to document the variety of megafauna in salt marshes and found that 34 species utilize salt marshes, including sharks, manatees, pinnipeds, crocodilians, sea otters, hippos, and large terrestrial animals, such as lions, bears and water buffalo. The use of salt marsh habitats by a variety of megafauna may have implications for both the conservation of these large consumers and for the resilience of coastal wetlands through stabilizing feedbacks on plant ecosystems. Future studies should quantify the occurrence and impacts of megafauna in salt marshes, and how their conservation can help restore these valuable ecosystems.
Finite element modeling of fretting wear in anisotropic composite coatings: Application to HVOF Cr3C2–NiCr coating

Abstract This paper presents a two-dimensional (2D) plane strain finite element model to simulate fretting wear in composite cermet coating. The coating considered in this investigation is High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr with 55% volume fraction of Cr3C2. The material microstructure is modelled using Voronoi tessellations with a log-normal variation of grain size. Moreover, the individual phases of the material in the coating were assigned randomly to resemble the microstructure from an actual SEM micrograph. The ceramic carbide phase is orthorhombic and the cubic matrix possesses a high anisotropy index. As a result, each grain was modelled with random orientation to account for material anisotropy. The RVE dimensions were chosen such that its elastic response represented the overall response of a poly-aggregate. In order to simulate debonding of the ceramic carbide phase from the matrix, cohesive elements were used at the grain boundaries. Damage mechanics was used to model degradation of cohesive elements resulting from repeated fretting cycles. A grain deletion algorithm was developed to simulate removal of material from fretting wear. The crack patterns predicted from the model match closely with the patterns observed in experimental studies on wear of HVOF Cr3C2–NiCr coating. The model also predicts carbide pullout, a major damage mechanism in HVOF Cr3C2–NiCr coating subjected to wear. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate and corroborate the wear rate of HVOF Cr3C2–NiCr coating. The wear rate from the model matches closely with experiments at a constant load and displacement amplitude. The results from the model were then extended to obtain a fretting wear map under a combination of various loads and displacement amplitudes.
Reducing the Incidence and Impact of Gun Violence Through Community Engagement

The crisis of gun violence in the United States disproportionately affects disadvantaged communities. Many solutions posit law enforcement-based, targeted policing, and sentencing strategies. This chapter provides an overview of community-focused, trauma-informed programs.
Kinesthetic and visual scaffolding for understanding oxygen delivery and reading hemoglobin oxygen curves.

I describe a kinesthetic activity about oxygen handling by hemoglobin with two specific goals: 1) to help students gain a better understanding of how hemoglobin properties affect oxygen delivery an...
'A Good Thing Sells Itself' Dranding and the Politics of Literary Culture in Kenya

The notion of Africa as a brand represents a new phase in the history of what V.Y. Mudimbe called the idea of Africa. Branding mediates relationships between images, identities, and institutions. Consequently, the shift to branding as a paradigm for African identities has crucial implications for African Europhone literatures, which remain heavily invested in changing the images of Africa that circulate in global media. This paper considers the significance of branding to African literature by examining recent debates over literary culture in Kenya. Over the last decade the new Kenyan publisher, Kwani Trust, has emerged at the center of strident debates over the future of Kenyan literature. A crucial element of these debates has been Kwanis aggressive local branding, including merchandising, store promotions, events, logos, special covers, and use of social and conventional media. Yet its contributors frequently critique branding and marketing as instruments of political coercion. I contend that Kwanis ambivalent embrace of branding represents an effort to renew African literatures potential as a forum for identity critique. I build on unpublished interviews, surveys, and internal documents collected during ten months of fieldwork supported by an International Dissertation Research Fellowship, as well as close readings of Kwani texts.
Teaching NeuroImages: CAR-T Induced Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus.

A 79-year-old woman receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for high-grade lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma developed worsening confusion over 3 days. She became nonverbal and unable to follow commands. MRI of the brain demonstrated global atrophy. EEG showed 2.5- to 3-Hz generalized spike and slow complexes, indicative of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), which resolved with the administration of lorazepam (figure). IV levetiracetam load was administered for maintenance therapy. The patient was able to answer simple questions the next morning and returned to baseline 3 days later with optimization of antiseizure medications. CAR-T–induced neurotoxicity can present with multiple neurologic manifestations including sometimes intractable seizures.1 It is imperative to consider CAR-T–induced NCSE as a complication that is potentially reversible.2
Implementing the Social Functions of Business in the Digital Economy

Digitalization is an integral part of the development of the economy and society in modern conditions. On the one hand, the introduction of innovative technologies creates new opportunities for business development, on the other hand, dictates new rules and requirements for its organization. At the same time, social and economic development cannot be imagined without taking into account the social dimension of economic growth. Increasing economic indicators of business development in Russia and reducing the growth of social tension is a complex task for the coming years, which determines the relevance of research in the field of implementing social functions of business. This problem became especially important during the coronavirus pandemic, when the need to protect individual social groups of citizens and provide various types of social services through remote access was manifested. The transformation of the service sector under the influence of the digitalization process poses the business community with the task of accessibility of socially significant products and services in 24/7 mode. It should be noted that business socialization is carried out at the intersection of entrepreneurship and charity and is embodied in various business models. The article addresses the problems of developing modern forms of implementing the social functions of business in the context of the digital transformation of the economy and society. One of the tools to solve the problem of implementing the social functions of the business in the environment is the mechanism for developing and implementing social business projects, taking into account their effectiveness and social significance.
Linkages Between Metropolitan Economy and Modem Logistics Based on Linear Regression Analysis

The linkages between the metropolitan economy and modern logistics are one of the heated topics being discussed by academic circles. The modern logistics industry is a comprehensive system covering every aspect and step in logistics activities, from production, purchase, storage, transport, to delivery. Along with the rapid progress in economic globalization and the development of information technology, the development of logistics is impelled speedily and is expected to inject fresh impetus for a new round of economic development [1]. This paper focused on both empirical research and quantitative discussions on the relationship between the metropolitan economy and modern logistics. This paper selected five top-tier cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, gathered their economic and logistic data from 2014 to 2018, and used linear regression model and other econometric methods. The results validate that there is a strong linear relationship between logistic development and economic growth, and modern logistics has unique advantages in bringing new increase points and promoting China's economy.
Computation-aware distributed optimization over networks: a hybrid dynamical systems approach

The area of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has emerged as a general discipline that studies complex dynamical systems that incorporate computation, control, and communication technologies [10]. The application of CPS spans several domains, from autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems to deep-space exploration and quantum computing. However, traditionally, the algorithmic design and the implementation of CPS algorithms have been studied separately. While this approach facilitates the theoretical analysis of the system, it naturally poses critical issues when deploying the designed systems in their intended domain, i.e., the physical world.
书评 Bai & Wang (2015): China in Depth: An Integrated Course in Advanced Chinese

This article reviews China in Depth: An Integrated Course in Advanced Chinese 978-7-301-26287-0
The Antagonist pGlu-βGlu-Pro-NH2 Binds to an Allosteric Site of the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor.

After we identified pGlu-βGlu-Pro-NH2 as the first functional antagonist of the cholinergic central actions of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2), we became interested in finding the receptor-associated mechanism responsible for this antagonism. By utilizing a human TRH receptor (hTRH-R) homology model, we first refined the active binding site within the transmembrane bundle of this receptor to enhance TRH’s binding affinity. However, this binding site did not accommodate the TRH antagonist. This directed us to consider a potential allosteric binding site in the extracellular domain (ECD). Searches for ECD binding pockets prompted the remodeling of the extracellular loops and the N-terminus. We found that different trajectories of ECDs produced novel binding cavities that were then systematically probed with TRH, as well as its antagonist. This led us to establish not only a surface-recognition binding site for TRH, but also an allosteric site that exhibited a selective and high-affinity binding for pGlu-βGlu-Pro-NH2. The allosteric binding of this TRH antagonist is more robust than TRH’s binding to its own active site. The findings reported here may shed light on the mechanisms and the multimodal roles by which the ECD of a TRH receptor is involved in agonist and/or antagonist actions.
Maternal responsiveness and early language acquisition.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses concurrent and predictive associations between the amount of verbal information mothers provide to their children and children's receptive and productive lexical development. It demonstrates the special relevance of mothers' responsive verbal interactions for their children's language gains. The lagged effects of maternal responsiveness for language acquisition by modeling the developmental onset of key language milestones are explored. A content analysis is included, in which maternal responses to the children are characterized in terms of their targets, which behaviors of children mothers respond to, as well as their contents, how mothers respond. To illustrate the effects of responsiveness more concretely, it focuses on the language acquisition of two children who experienced extremes of maternal responsiveness and augment these analyses by presenting their language diaries: one with a relatively unresponsive mother and one with a highly responsive mother. This microgenetic portrayal captures the essence of quantitative findings by characterizing individual trends that reflect those of the group. The chapter concludes by providing the relevance of verbal responsiveness for children's language acquisition in light of current theories on the social context of language development. It highlights the ways in which maternal responsiveness supports the limited, if still impressive, perceptual, cognitive, and social abilities that children bring to the task of learning language, and speculates on why and how different forms of maternal verbal responsiveness become essential as children first master language.
Intracellular composition and homeostatic mechanisms in severe chronic infantile malnutrition. III. Renal adjustments.

The present report deals with preliminary results on the study of renal function in advanced malnutrition. The glomerular filtration rate (clearance of inulin) and renal plasma flow (clearance of para-aminohippurate) were studied in 10 children with severe chronic malnutrition. Osmolar clearance were also measured in six of these children. In three, with marked hypotonicity despite acute dehydration, the effects of intravenous administration of a load of sodium chloride were studied. A significant reduction in filtration rate and renal plasma flow was encountered, which was most evident during dehydration. A decrease in osmolar clearance and the presence of "free-water" clearance in both non-dehydrated and dehydrated malnourished children suggested suspension of the usual antidiuretic mechanisms for conservation of water; however, the rise in osmolar clearance and reabsorption of osmotically free water following administration of hypertonic saline, indicated that the capacity of the renal tubules to respond to an adequate stimulus was not lost. Administration of an hypertonic solution of saline produced a marked expansion of the volume of extracellular fluid. More than half of this expanded volume resulted from redistribution of intracellular "endogenous" water. Expansion of volume limited rise of osmolality of extracellular fluid in two cases, but failed to do so in the third. A relatively large proportion of the filtered water was excreted during hypotonic dehydration. Filtration rates apparently decreased as the proportion of filtered water excreted became increased. The possibility that reduction in filtration rate constitutes a volume defense mechanism and that the apparent anomalies in renal function represent an adaptation to the cellular hypotonicity of the malnourished subject are discussed.
A Poisson random field model of pathogen transport in surface water

[1] To address the uncertainty associated with microbial transport and surface water contamination events, we developed a new comprehensive stochastic framework that combines processes on the microscopic (single microorganism) and macroscopic (ensembles of microorganisms) scales. The spatial and temporal population behavior is modeled as a nonhomogeneous Poisson random field with Markovian field dynamics. The model parameters are based on the actual physical and biological characteristics of the Cryptosporidium parvum transport process and can be extended to cover a variety of other pathogens. Since soil particles have been shown to be a major vehicle in microbial transport, a U.S. Department of Agriculture approved erosion model (Water Erosion Prediction Project) is incorporated into the model. Risk assessment is an integral part of the stochastic model and is conducted using a set of simple calculations. Poisson intensity functions and correlations are computed. The results consistently indicate that surface water contamination events are transient, with traveling high peaks of microorganism concentrations. Correlations between microorganism populations at different points in time and space reach relatively significant levels even at large distances from one another. This information is aimed to assist water resources management teams in the decision-making process to identify the likely timing and locations of high-risk areas and thus to avoid collection of contaminated water.
Fetal adrenal gland volume and preterm birth: a prospective third-trimester screening evaluation

AbstractObjective: Given the importance of the fetal adrenal gland in producing hormones critical to labor, we sought to evaluate whether sonographic three-dimensional measurements of the adrenal gland are a useful screening tool for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB).Method: We prospectively screened 128 non-anomalous singletons from 24 to 36 weeks' gestation with volumetric measurements of the fetal adrenal gland at their indicated antenatal sonogram. Labor and delivery outcomes were assessed and compared with respect to adrenal volume.Results: When corrected for estimated fetal weight, the 11 women (9%) who delivered following SPTB had smaller adrenals than those who did not, 0.33 cm3/kg compared with 0.57 cm3/kg, respectively (p = 0.006). There was no difference in volumes between those who delivered by SPTB within 7 days or greater than 14 days from measurement (0.34 cm3/kg versus 0.33 cm3/kg, p = 0.79). Among women at increased risk of SPTB, those with SPTB had smaller adrenals than those who did not:...