cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBSERNATION ON RESISTANCE OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa CARRYING GENE qacEΔ1 STRAINS TO DISINFECTANTS

Objective To understand the status of gene qacEΔ1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinic and resistance of carrying gene qacEΔ1 strains to disinfectants in Guangdong region. Methods Quantitative bactericidal test and gene amplification test were used to study Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinic from some hospital in Guangdong region in laboratory. Results 26 strains of gene qacEΔ1 in 30 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinic were detected out,the positive rate was 86. 67%. The survival rate of qacEΔ1-positive stains and qacEΔ1-negative strains were 7. 7% and 0 respectively by 200 mg / L effective iodine for 7min. The survival rate of qacEΔ1-positive stains and qacEΔ1-negative strains were 11. 5% and 6. 7% respectively by 300 mg / L benzalkonium chloride for 7min. The survival rate of qacEΔ1-positive stains and qacEΔ1-negative strains were 19. 2% and 10. 0% respectively by 500 mg / L available chlorine for 10 min. Conclusion The carrying rate of disinfectant resistant gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinic in Guangdong region is high,the disinfectant resistance of qacEΔ1-positive stains is little stronger than qacEΔ1-negative strains.
Marine boundary layer structure as observed by A-train satellites

Abstract. The marine boundary layer (MBL) structure is important to the marine low cloud processes, and the exchange of heat, momentum, and moisture between oceans and the low atmosphere. This study examines the MBL structure over the eastern Pacific region and further explores the controlling factors of MBL structure over the global oceans with a new 4-year satellite-based data set. The MBL top (boundary layer height, BLH) and the mixing layer height (MLH) were identified using the MBL aerosol lidar backscattering from the CALIPSO (Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations). Results showed that the MBL is generally decoupled with MLH ∕ BLH ratio ranging from ∼ 0.5 to ∼ 0.8 over the eastern Pacific Ocean region. The MBL decoupling magnitude is mainly controlled by estimated inversion strength (EIS), which in turn controls the cloud top entrainment process. The systematic differences between drizzling and non-drizzling stratocumulus tops also show dependence on EIS. This may be related to the meso-scale circulations or gravity wave in the MBL. Further analysis indicates that the MBL shows a similar decoupled structure for clear-sky and cumulus-cloud-topped conditions, but is better mixed under stratiform cloud breakup and overcast conditions.
Factors related to obesity in preschool children

The purpose of this research was to examine the following variables for their relationship to the prevalence of preschool obesity: familial aggregation of obesity, infant feeding practices, socioeconomic status, and parents' attitudes toward the use of food for non-nutritive purposes. Parents completed a biographical data form. Height, weight, and skinfold measurements were obtained from 94 preschool children and their biological parents. Both parents answered a Child Feeding Opinion Questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated using percentile rankings from NHANES. On the assumption that subjects over the 75th percentile for triceps skinfold were overweight and those above the 90th percentile were obese, 23.4% and 7.5% of the children, 9.6% and 5.3% of the mothers, and 29.8% and 10.6% of the fathers were overweight or obese, respectively. Most parent-child anthropometric correlations were statistically significant. No statistically significant relationships were found between infant feeding practices and childhood obesity. Mothers' educational level varied inversely with the children's weight for height. Mothers and fathers opposed the use of food for reward, punishment, soothing, or affection. The parents' child feeding attitudes had no obvious relationship with the children's anthropometric measurements.
CATALASE AND ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE-MEDIATED OXIDATION OF ETHANOL IN HEPATIC MICROSOMES OF ACATALASEMIC MICE

Preincubation of hepatic microsomes from acatalasemic mice (C s b) at 42–44° for 15 min resulted in a 97–99% inactivation of catalase and a concomitant 60–70% loss of ethanol oxidation (MEOS); neither enzymic activity was altered in microsomes of the genetic control mice (C s a) by the same heat treatment. The residual MEOS activity in 43°-preincubated C s b microsomes was unaffected by cyanide or azide but was totally abolished by propylpyrazole, a potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Neither propylpyrazole nor preincubation at 43° had any influence on NADPH-linked drug hydroxylations in either C s a or C s b microsomes. Added beef liver catalase restored MEOS activity of 43°-preincubated C s b microsomes to levels that were slightly higher than those obtained with corresponding C s a preparations under similar conditions. These results demonstrate that microsomal ethanol oxidation can be accounted for by catalase (60–70%) and alcohol dehydrogenase (30–40%) and that the postulation of MEOS, as proposed by Lieber and DeCarli (1), is unwarranted.
Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Implementing Quality Early Childhood Inclusive Practices

The long-standing and widespread support for the concept of inclusion of young children with disabilities is manifested in decades of legislation and policy, strongly held professional and family values, and a large body of research (Early childhood inclusion: Focus on change. Baltimore, MD, 2001). In spite of that support, children across the country have uneven opportunities to experience high quality inclusion in natural environments and regular education settings. Data suggests that progress has stalled in implementing the concept in a consistent and sustainable way (Odom, Buysse, & Soukakou, Journal of Early Intervention, 33, 344–356, 2011). To address the current issues related to early childhood preschool inclusion, this chapter begins with a description of this history and current context of inclusive practices within early childhood special education (ECSE). A description of the current implementation of inclusion follows. An approach to addressing the current concerns about early childhood inclusion, using an implementation science framework, identifies the inclusive practices with the strongest evidence, the implementation drivers or levers for change in increasing likelihood that those practices are implemented, and an action agenda for improving the likelihood that young children with disabilities experience high quality inclusion.
Probabilistic Sequence Modeling for Trustworthy IT Servicing by Collective Expert Networks

Within the enterprise the timely resolution of incidents that occur within complex Information Technology (IT) systems is essential for the business, yet it remains challenging to achieve. To provide incident resolution, existing research applies probabilistic models locally to reduce the transfers (links) between expert groups (nodes) in the network. This approach is inadequate for incident management that must meet IT Service Levels (SLs). We show this using an analysis of enterprise 'operational big data' and the existence of collective problem solving in which expert skills are often complementary and are applied in sequences that are meaningful. We call such a network - 'Collective Expert Network' (or CEN). We propose a probabilistic model which uses the content-base of transfer sequences to generate assistive recommendations that improves the performance of CEN by: (1) resolving incidents to meet customer time constraints and satisfaction (and not just minimize number of transfers), (2) conforming to previous transfer sequences that have already achieved their SLs, and additionally (3) address trust in order to ensure adoption of recommendations. We present a two-level classification framework that learns regular patterns first and then recommends SL-achieving sequences on a subset of tickets, and for the remaining directly recommends knowledge improvement. The experimental validation shows 34% accuracy improvement over other existing research and locally applied generative models. In addition we show 10% reduction in the volume of SL breaching incidents, and 7% reduction in MTTR of all tickets.
A User's Guide to the ALiEM Emergency Medicine Match Advice Web Series.

ALiEM EM Match Advice is a web series hosted on the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine website. The intended audience includes senior medical students seeking a residency in emergency medicine (EM) and the faculty members who advise them. Each episode features a panel of three EM program directors who discuss a critical step in the residency application process. This article serves as a user’s guide to the series, including a timeline for viewing each episode, brief summaries of the panel discussions, and reflection questions for discussion between students and their faculty advisors.
Developing Financial Insights: Using a Future Value (Fv) and a Present Value (Pv) Approach

This case provides a tutorial on the basic concepts associated with straightforward time-value-of-money scenarios. The topics of future value (FV) and present value (PV) are discussed and exemplified for both lump sum and recurring cash flow situations. In this vein, the derivation and use of four useful time-value-of-money reference tables is presented to highlight the underlying logic, connections, and mechanics of determining FVs and PVs. The case also provides students with several simple vignettes in which they can apply the foregoing time-value-of-money insights and techniques. The case can be effectively used in degree and nondegree programs, and it requires no additional reading materials. It is well suited for one 90-minute class period and all, or selected subsets of the vignettes contained in it may be assigned. A teaching note is available to registered faculty. Excerpt UVA-C-2318 Jun. 1, 2011 Developing Financial Insights: Using a Future Value (FV) and a Present Value (PV) Approach Base Case Starting Point Most everyone is familiar with the concept that money placed in a savings account will grow to a larger amount as the years pass if the money in that account earns interest at a specified annual compounded rate. For example, $ 500 invested in a savings account that earns 10% interest compounded annually will grow to become $ 550 (i.e., $ 500 × 1.10) after one year, $ 605 (i.e., $ 550 × 1.10) after two years, and $ 665.50 (i.e., $ 605 × 1.10) after three years. . . .
Escherichiacoli mutants deficient in exoribonucleases

Abstract Strain S296, isolated by screening 2000 colonies after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, yields extracts with less than 1% of wild-type RNase activity against ( 3 H) poly(U). Unlike other E. coli strains, S296 grows with a doubling time of about 2 hr., both in nutrient broth and in minimal medium, and at 30°, 37° and 42°. The strain retains 10 to 20% of wild-type exonuclease activity against ( 3 H) rRNA or T4 phage-specific mRNA; but two further mutants, made by screening mutagenized colonies of strain S296, are reduced to 3% of wild-type activity against those substrates as well.
Oligodendrocyte-Associated Enzymes

There is strong experimental evidence that the synthesis and maintenance of myelin are the primary functions of oligodendroglia in both white matter and gray matter (Kuffler and Nicholls, 1966; Bunge, 1968; Ludwin, 1978) (also see Chapter 1). The once-popular concept that glial cells also furnish direct biochemical support to neurons (e.g., Hyden and Pigon, 1960) has remained mostly speculation. With this perspective, therefore, the enzymes that deserve consideration are those that have particular significance for the known functions of oligodendroglia and those that have relatively high activities but that do not seem to be directly related to myelination. These enzymes can be placed in four categories and are so discussed in this chapter. The first category comprises enzymes of glucose metabolism that are elevated in oligodendroglia during the phase of development when myelination is most rapid (Section 2). The activity of at least one of these enzymes remains high into adult life. The second category consists of the enzymes known to be enriched in myelin (reviewed by Norton 1980; Norton and Cammer, 1984), which might be expected to have high activities in oligodendroglia (Section 3). The third category includes the enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of myelin lipids (Section 4). The discussion of these enzymes is brief, in view of the extensive coverage of lipid metabolism in Chapters 2 and 5. The fourth category includes several enzymes, not conveniently classifiable, that have particularly high activities, although not necessarily exclusive localization, in oligodendrocytes (Section 5).
Computer Analysis of Digitized Echocardiograms for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Children

While measurements of systolic time intervals can be derived from analysis of semilunar valve motion on M-mode echo traces and information regarding motion of heart walls is present on M-modes obtained at or below the level of the mitral valve, the sophisticated analysis of left ventricular minor axis dimension (LVD) and wall motion should provide both types of information. In this study, digitized traces of septum and posterior wall motion were analyzed by a mini-computer for the calculation and plotting of continuous LVD in both systole and diastole and for the rate of change of the minor axis dimensions dD/dt (V) in mm/sec. Two groups of children were studied, the first group (1) had a mean body surface area of 1.07±.08(SE)m2 and ranged from 1 month to 16 years of age. All had been examined by a cardiologist and had normal exams. The second group of age-matched children (group 2) consisted of 30 patients with LV pressure overload and concentric hypertrophy secondary to catheterization proven valvar aortic stenosis (n=17) or coarctation and aortic stenosis (n=13). Compared to group 1, group 2 patients had thickening of the septum (0.7±.03cm vs. 0.54±0.01) (p<0.001) and posterior wall (O.72±.04 vs. 0.56±.02) (p<0.005), as well as smaller diastolic (LVDd) (3.5±.16 vs.4.1±.10) (p<0.005) and systolic (LVDs) (2.1±.12 vs. 2.5±.07) (p<0:005) dimensions.
Promoting Documentation of Suicidality in a Family Medicine Residency Clinic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Careful assessment of depression and suicidality are important given their prevalence and consequences for quality of life. Our study evaluated the impact of an educational intervention in a family medicine residency clinic on rates of provider documentation regarding suicidality. METHODS We offered two brief workshops to our clinic staff and created two standardized charting templates to empower and educate providers. One template used with the patient during the clinic visit elicited key factors (eg, plan, intent, barriers) and offered treatment plan options. The second template included supportive text and resources to include in the after-visit summary. A chart review was completed, examining 350 patient records in which the patient reported thoughts of death or suicide in the preceding 2 weeks on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ([PHQ-9], 150 over a 5-month baseline period, 150 in months 1 through 4 immediately following the workshops and template development, and 50 at follow-up months 7 through 8 following the intervention). We examined use of the templates and changes in rates of documentation of suicidality. RESULTS Rates of provider documentation of suicidality for patients who had expressed suicidal ideation on the PHQ-9 increased significantly from 57% at baseline to 78% in the postintervention phase; the rise persisted at follow-up. Rates of use of the assessment template were 58% (postintervention) and 49% (follow-up). Anecdotal provider feedback reflected appreciation of the templates for assessing and documenting challenging issues. CONCLUSIONS Brief educational interventions were associated with improved rates of provider documentation of suicidality. The longer-term impact of the workshops and templates warrant further investigation.
AIDS Knowledge Among Latinos: The Roles of Language, Culture, and Socioeconomic Status

AIDS has a disproportionate effect on persons of Latino origin, who have lower knowledge of AIDS than other ethnic groups. This study assessed AIDS knowledge among Latino adults in New Jersey according to acculturation and socioeconomic status. Data on 121 Latino adults were collected in spring 2000 using bilingual telephone interviews. Respondents were selected using the Census' Latino surname methodology. Items were adapted from the National Health Interview Survey Supplement on AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes and the Marin acculturation scale. AIDS knowledge was more strongly associated with language exposure than with self-assessed English or Spanish language abilities. Low educational attainment and bilingual language exposure were associated with lower AIDS knowledge; when other factors were controlled, place of schooling, length of time in the United States, age and gender were not statistically significant. Transmission of HIV via casual contact was widely misunderstood, but general facts about AIDS and likely means of HIV transmission were well known. AIDS education materials should be designed in both English and Spanish and should take into account the lower educational attainment of recent Latino immigrants.
Curved Exponential Families

Curved exponential families may arise when the parameters of an exponential family satisfy constraints. For these families the minimal sufficient statistic may not be complete, and UMVU estimation may not be possible. Curved exponential families arise naturally with data from sequential experiments, considered in Section 5.2, and Section 5.3 considers applications to contingency table analysis.
Skeletal Organization in Caribbean Acropora Spp. (Lamarck)

The size and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals of the exoskeletons of the Caribbean Scleractinian coral species of the genus Acoropora are described. The fundamental units of the skeleton are the trabeculae, which are linearly aggrading spherulitic fans of polycrystalline aragonite fiber bundles. Each spherulitic fan originates from a center of calcification (Ogilvie, 1896; Wells, 1956) that is composed of packets of submicron calcium carbonate crystals in an amorphous matrix. The nucleating packets appear to have an intracellular origin and their production stimulated by zooxanthellate photosynthesis.
Do We All Talk Before We Type?: Understanding Collaboration in Wikipedia Language Editions

The English language Wikipedia is notable for its large number of articles and for the intricate collaborative interactions that create and sustain it. However, 288 other active language editions of Wikipedia have also developed through the coordination of contributing editors. While collaboration in the English Wikipedia has been researched extensively, these other language editions remain understudied. Our study leverages an influential collaboration model based on behaviors in the English Wikipedia as a lens to consider collaborative activity in the Spanish and French language editions. Through an analysis of collaborative interactions across article talk pages, we demonstrate that talk pages, the locus of most collaboration on the English Wikipedia, are used differently in these different language editions. Our study raises broader questions about how results from studies of the English Wikipedia generalize to other language editions, demonstrates the need to account for variations in collaborative behaviors in all language editions of Wikipedia and presents evidence that collaborative practices on the English Wikipedia have changed overtime.
A Call for Healthy South Asian Americans: Need to Shape Intervention by Providers, Policies, and Prospects

This chapter proffers concluding comments for the handbook entitled Biopsychosocial Approaches to Understanding Health in South Asian Americans. This brief handbook sought to initiate an interdisciplinary, scholarly discourse on the health status of South Asians in the U.S. The value of both practicing disaggregation and applying a biopsychosocial, holistic approach to the conceptualization and treatment of chronic health conditions for South Asian patients in the U.S. is discussed. In applying varied elements of the biopsychosocial model of health, four general questions pertaining to the health of South Asians in the U.S. are posed and pondered. General recommendations for providers working with the South Asian population in the U.S. are proffered.
Knee Sepsis after Suprapatellar Nailing of an Open Tibia Fracture: Treatment with Acute Deformity and External Fixation.

Case. A 31-year-old male was involved in a dirt bike accident and sustained an isolated type II open mid-distal tibia fracture. The patient underwent suprapatellar intramedullary nailing and subsequently developed knee sepsis. Conclusion. This patient was managed with irrigation and debridements of the knee, fracture site, and intramedullary canal. A resultant soft-tissue defect over the fracture site obviated primary closure. Creation of an acute deformity stabilized by a Taylor spatial frame allowed primary wound closure. After soft tissue healing occurred, the frame was used to correct the intentional deformity and maintain reduction until full healing occurred.
An integrative analysis of GWAS and intermediate molecular trait data reveals common molecular mechanisms supporting genetic similarity between seemingly unrelated complex traits

Abstract The rapid accumulation of Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and association studies of intermediate molecular traits provides new opportunities for comparative analysis of the genetic basis of complex human phenotypes. Using a newly developed statistical framework called Sherlock-II that integrates GWAS with eQTL (expression Quantitative Trait Loci) and metabolite-QTL data, we systematically analyzed 445 GWAS datasets, and identified 1371 significant gene-phenotype associations and 308 metabolites-phenotype associations (passing a Q value cutoff of 1/3). This integrative analysis allows us to translate SNP-phenotype associations into functionally informative gene-phenotype association profiles. Genetic similarity analyses based on these profiles clustered phenotypes into sub-trees that reveal both expected and unexpected relationships. We employed a statistical approach to delineate sets of functionally related genes that contribute to the similarity between their association profiles. This approach suggested common molecular mechanisms that connect the phenotypes in a subtree. For example, we found that fasting insulin, fasting glucose, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer clustered into a subtree, and identified cyclic AMP/GMP signaling that connects breast cancer and insulin, NAPDH oxidase/ROS generation that connects the three cancers, and apoptosis that connects all five phenotypes. Our approach can be used to assess genetic similarity and suggest mechanistic connections between phenotypes. It has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of a disease by mapping mechanistic insights from one phenotype onto others based on common molecular underpinnings.
Successful treatment of cutaneous Curvularia geniculata, Nocardia niigatensis and viral papillomatosis in a dog during the therapeutic management of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Opportunistic infections represent a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive medications is recommended with the development of opportunistic infections, which may cause a relapse or worsening of the immune-mediated disease. A 7.5-year-old, spayed female great Dane was diagnosed with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with initial immunosuppressive therapy consisting of oral prednisone, ciclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil. The patient developed diffuse right forelimb pyogranulomatous fungal dermatitis with deep draining tracts 6 weeks into immunosuppressive treatment with Curvularia geniculata growth. Oral once daily terbinafine and itraconazole were initiated; ciclosporin was immediately discontinued and the mycophenolate mofetil/prednisone doses were reduced. The right forelimb skin lesions resolved after 4 weeks, but the patient presented with a diffuse severe neutrophilic dermatitis on the left forelimb; 16S rRNA sequencing identified Nocardia niigatensis. Cutaneous nocardiosis was treated with oral enrofloxacin and doxycycline; systemic immunosuppressive therapies were continued for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia control. One month later, the left forelimb lesions completely resolved but the patient developed several multifocal, exophytic warts; the clinical features and histopathology were consistent with viral papillomas. Within the following 4 weeks, the patient developed severe diffuse papillomatosis of the left forelimb, which was successfully treated with 2 weeks of every other day topical imiquimod administration. In this case, successful treatment of cutaneous opportunistic bacterial, fungal and viral infection was possible with proper treatment even though the immunosuppressive drug treatments could not be discontinued.
Prevalence of Bartonella sp. in United States military working dogs with infectious endocarditis: a retrospective case-control study.

Abstract Objectives Bartonella infection has been associated with endocarditis in humans, dogs, cats and cattle. In order to evaluate the importance of this pathogen as a possible source of endocarditis in United States military working dogs (MWDs), we performed a retrospective case–control study on 26 dogs with histological diagnosis of culture negative endocarditis (n = 18), endomyocarditis (n = 5) or endocardiosis (n = 3) and 28 control dogs without any histological cardiac lesions. Methods DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded cardiac valves and tissues from case and control dogs and submitted to PCR testing with primers targeting the Bartonella gltA gene. PCR-RFLP using four restriction endonucleases and partial sequencing was then performed to determine the Bartonella species involved. Results Nineteen (73%) cases were PCR positive for Bartonella, including B. henselae (8 dogs), B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (6 dogs), B. washoensis (2 dogs) and B. elizabethae (1 dog). Only one control dog was weakly PCR positive for Bartonella. Based on the type of histological diagnosis, 13 (72.2%) dogs with endocarditis, 3 (60%) dogs with endomyocarditis and all 3 dogs with endocardiosis were Bartonella PCR positive. Conclusions Bartonella sp. Infections were correlated with cardiopathies in US military working dogs. Systemic use of insecticides against ectoparasites and regular testing of MWDs for Bartonella infection seem highly appropriate to prevent such life-threatening exposures.
Development of an Undergraduate Medical Education Critical Care Content Outline Utilizing the Delphi Method.

Objectives No consensus exists on a standardized critical care content outline for medical student education. The aim of this research is to develop a national undergraduate medical education critical care content outline. Design The authors used a Delphi process to reach expert consensus on a content outline that identified the core critical care knowledge topics and procedural skills that medical students should learn prior to entering residency. Over three iterative rounds, the expert panel reached consensus on a critical care content outline. Setting An electronic survey of critical care medical educators, residency program directors, and residents in the United States. Subjects The expert panel included three groups as follows: 1) undergraduate medical education critical care educators, 2) residency program directors representing all core specialties, and 3) residents representing their core specialties. Interventions None. Measurements and main results The expert panel included 28 members. Experts represented the following medical specialties: anesthesiology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. Seventeen experts had subspecialty training in critical care. The expert panel identified 19 highly recommended critical care knowledge topics and procedural skills. These topics and procedural skills were grouped into five broad categories as follows: 1) neurologic, 2) respiratory, 3) cardiovascular, 4) renal and electrolytes, and 5) supplemental ICU topics. Bag-mask ventilation was the only procedural skill identified as highly recommended. Conclusions This study provides a national consensus undergraduate medical education critical care content outline. By including experts from multiple specialties, this content outline is meaningful for medical student education, independent of medical specialty. The content outline represents a first step in the development of a national undergraduate medical education critical care curriculum.
A remark on "Biological control through provision of additional food to predators: A theoretical study" [Theor. Popul. Biol. 72 (2007) 111-120].

Abstract Biological control, the use of predators and pathogens to control target pests, is a promising alternative to chemical control. It is hypothesized that the introduced predators efficacy can be boosted by providing them with an additional food source. The current literature (Srinivasu, 2007; 2010; 2011) claims that if the additional food is of sufficiently large quantity and quality then pest eradication is possible in finite time. The purpose of the current manuscript is to show that to the contrary, pest eradication is not possible in finite time, for any quantity and quality of additional food. We show that pest eradication will occur only in infinite time, and derive decay rates to the extinction state. We posit a new modeling framework to yield finite time pest extinction. Our results have large scale implications for the effective design of biological control methods involving additional food.
Killing, Letting Die, and Thomson

Judith Jarvis Thomson ha expresado desconcierto ante el significado de “Matar es peor que dejar morir”. Un examen de cinco posibles interpretaciones de tal expresion sugiere que su sentido mas plausible es el de que “cualquier violacion del deber negativo de abstenerse de matar es un acto moralmente peor, ceteris paribus, que cualquier violacion del correlativo deber positivo de salvar vidas”. La clausula “ceteris paribus” requiere que las intenciones, las motivaciones, las consecuencias actuales y previsibles de un acto, asi como los esfuerzos que se requieren para cumplir los deberes, sean los mismos para los violadores de los deberes respectivos. Se concluye que quienes sostienen que matar es peor que dejar morir estan sugiriendo que esto es asi porque existe un factor logica o empiricamente necesario que, ceteris paribus, proporciona una razon dispositiva para pensar que quien mata realiza un acto moralmente peor que quien deja morir a otro. Esto es, sugieren que la distincion entre matar y dejar morir es moralmente relevante y que, ceteris paribus, proporciona una razon concluyente para pensar que las violaciones a un deber negativo son actos moralmente peores. El desconcierto de Thomson en cuanto al significado de “Matar es peor que dejar morir” proviene de su incapacidad para distinguir entre dos preguntas diferentes: ?Son los actos que logicamente implican la muerte peores que los actos que no lo hacen? ?Es peor decapitar a alguien que golpearlo en la nariz? Una vez que distinguimos entre estas dos preguntas, podemos aclarar las cuestiones que se debaten y resolver el desconcierto. [R.A.B.]
Avoiding Environmental Consequences of Equipment Failure via an LSTM-Based Model for Predictive Maintenance

Abstract This paper builds on the previously developed maintenance strategy of predictive maintenance (PdM) that can detect the incipient breakdown of a system and determine the condition of in-service equipment to estimate the maintenance scheduling. Here, a new data-driven model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) algorithm is proposed to detect the degradation of a manufacturing system and predict its future health condition for PdM. To validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model, a motor bearing failure process is used to demonstrate the proposed method.
What Design Methods do DataVis Practitioners Know and Use

Data visualization as a profession has been growing rapidly in recent years. Although some initiatives are in place to increase engagement between the academic and practitioner communities, we currently do not have a good understanding of how practitioners do their design work, including what methods, approaches, and principles they know and use in their everyday practice. We present a subset of results of a survey in which 87 DataVis practitioners identified their familiarity with popular design methods and the frequency with which they use them in their own work. We also discuss follow-up work to develop a deeper understanding of practitioners' perspectives on design methods.
Hepatitis C Testing and Liver Fibrosis Predictors in the Birth Cohort of a Primary Care Practice.

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for advanced fibrosis in patients born from 1945 through 1965 (birth cohort) who underwent testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients and Methods Data were extracted from the electronic health record of all patients receiving primary care at a single academic institution who underwent HCV testing between September 8, 2010, and March 5, 2018. The birth cohort patients were the primary focus of the study. Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) scores were calculated to screen for fibrosis. Results During the study period, 7097 birth cohort patients had HCV antibody testing, 3462 (48.8%) of whom were men, 6435 (91.0%) were white, 1028 (14.5%) had diabetes mellitus, 2,034 (36.5%) had an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level greater than 30 U/L, and 2,396 (34.2%) had body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater. Hepatitis C virus antibody was present in 124 (1.7%), 33 (26.6%) of whom had HCV viremia. Estimated prevalence of METAVIR [Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis] stage 4 fibrosis was 4.1% (180 of 4433) by a FIB-4 score of 3.25 or greater and 4.3% (204 of 4763) by an APRI score greater than 1.0. The odds ratio (OR) for fibrosis, determined by APRI, was significant for HCV RNA positivity (OR, 15.98; 95% CI, 7.23-35.32; P Conclusion Hepatitis C virus viremia, diabetes mellitus, and elevated ALT levels were associated with increased odds for development of fibrosis. In addition to HCV testing, diabetes mellitus and elevated ALT level are potential parameters to use for recommending noninvasive testing for fibrosis.
Study strategies and “study drugs”: investigating the relationship between college students’ study behaviors and prescription stimulant misuse

Objective: The current study examined the regular use of study strategies between college students who misused prescription stimulants (N = 36) and college students who did not misuse prescription ...
Nanosecond carrier lifetimes in solution-processed enargite (Cu3AsS4) thin films

Enargite (ENG) Cu3AsS4 is a promising material for photovoltaic applications due to its constituent earth abundant elements of differing ionic radii, ideal predicted optoelectronic properties, and demonstrated use in a working thin-film solar cell. However, little is known about ENG's defect properties; such knowledge is necessary to assess its potential for future use in high-efficiency devices. One indicator of a material's quality is its photogenerated carrier lifetime, which can be related to its bulk defect properties. Here, we use a combination of time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence to assess carrier dynamics in ENG thin films processed from nanoparticle precursors. The Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) lifetimes are on the multi-nanosecond scale, which exceed those reported in more mature systems and represent promising values for a candidate photovoltaic material. These results suggest that ENG is worthy of further research and development effort with an eye toward future photovoltaic applications.
From ability to behavior: A scenario-based assessment of health competence predicts daily health behaviors

Recent findings have suggested that we can gain new insights into health decision-making and behavior through the use of a scenario-based approach to health competence (HC). The present research sought to investigate whether and how such individual differences would matter in the conduct of daily life, within two daily diary studies (N = 260). In Study 1, participants receiving higher HC scores were more active in dealing with daily stressors or problems; by contrast, low-HC individuals were more prone to impulsive and antisocial behaviors. Based on these promising results, the Study 2 protocol was a more extensive one. Participants who received higher HC scores thought about their health more often and engaged in diverse healthy behaviors more frequently. Conversely, low-HC individuals were prone to risky and unhealthy daily behaviors. In total, the findings provide key evidence in favor of a new approach to HC and its behavioral manifestations.
Psychological Symptoms and Outcomes in Adults ReceivingCommunity-based Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

Mental health issues in individuals with substance use disorders are common and can affect treatment outcomes.Secondary analysis of a multi-center trial of an internet-delivered psychosocial SUD tr...
Serão as consultas de dez minutos parte do passado

Ainda que presente em todas as especialidades medicas, a prestacao de cuidados de saude centrados no doente traduz uma das seis competencias nucleares da disciplina de medicina geral e familiar. Esta competencia implica desenvolver e aplicar uma tecnica de consulta que promova o estabelecimento de uma relacao medico-doente efetiva, com respeito pela autonomia e circunstâncias dos utentes. Atualmente sao varias as pressoes externas presentes na pratica clinica de um medico de familia, sendo as consultas de dez minutos apenas um exemplo. Com este artigo pretende-se refletir sobre o possivel impacto que as consultas de dez minutos poderao ter na relacao medico-doente, nos profissionais, mas tambem na seguranca dos atos medicos prestados.
Major Federal Environmental Decisions, 2011

This paper summarizes major developments in environmental cases during the 2010-11 term, including under the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, CERCLA, the National Environmental Policy Act, and climate change.
Persistent Opioid Usage After Urologic Intervention and the Impact of Tramadol.

Objective To determine if patients who receive tramadol are as likely to develop persistent usage compared to other opioids after urologic surgery and procedures. Methods We identified adults 18 to 64 years old who underwent a urologic procedure in the years 2014 to 2017 using the Truven MarketScan database and subsequently filled an opioid prescription within two weeks of discharge. Patients were excluded if they had any previous opioid prescriptions in the year before surgery. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to estimate influence of type of opioid on discharge and various comorbidities on persistent use to determine if persistent use was related to the choice of discharge opioid. We also compared these rates to a 1:3 comorbidities matched, non-surgical cohort of patients from the general population. Results Overall, 115,687 patients were included. After 1 year, 14.8% of the urologic surgery cohort had persistent opioid usage compared to 10.8% in the opioid naive matched non-surgical cohort (OR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.35-1.39). Discharge with tramadol was associated with a higher odd of persistent usage compared to class II opioids controlling for type of urologic surgery, age, gender, and pain related comorbidities (OR = 1.23 95% CI 1.13-1.35). The odds of persistent usage varied slightly by type of urologic procedure, but all were higher than matched non-surgical cohort. Conclusion Patients developed persistent opiate usage after urologic surgery compared to a comorbidity matched non-surgical cohort. In this model, tramadol specifically was associated with higher odds of novel persistent opioid usage compared to other opioids. Urologists should not consider tramadol to be a safer choice with regard to developing persistent usage and consider prospective validation of these results.
Integrated hollow fiber membranes for gas delivery into optical waveguide based photobioreactors

Abstract Compact algal reactors are presented with: (1) closely stacked layers of waveguides to decrease light-path to enable larger optimal light-zones; (2) waveguides containing scatterers to uniformly distribute light; and (3) hollow fiber membranes to reduce energy required for gas transfer. The reactors are optimized by characterizing the aeration of different gases through hollow fiber membranes and characterizing light intensities at different culture densities. Close to 65% improvement in plateau peak productivities was achieved under low light-intensity growth experiments while maintaining 90% average/peak productivity output during 7-h light cycles. With associated mixing costs of ∼1 mW/L, several magnitudes smaller than closed photobioreactors, a twofold increase is realized in growth ramp rates with carbonated gas streams under high light intensities, and close to 20% output improvement across light intensities in reactors loaded with high density cultures.
Sub-Kelvin Coolers for Space Missions: Adr Development at NASA/Gsfc

Topics Covered: Science drivers for low temperature cooling; and Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR). architectures and cooling capabilities (1) Single-stage ADR (2) Two-stage ADR (3) Astro-H 3-stage (4) Continuous ADR: 5-stage
The relative crystallinity of celluloses.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses relative crystallinity and indicates some of its implications. The ratio of the crystalline cellulose so determined to the total cellulose found by complete oxidation is taken as the degree of crystallinity. The evidence presented fails to suggest the causes for the large variations in crystallinity estimates that have been reported for similar cellulosic materials. There is a possibility that the different methods may not measure precisely the same characteristic of the material. It also may be that relative crystallinity is not a fixed quantity in any case but depends on circumstances involved in the measurement, such as the amount of swelling. Crystallinity estimates, which depend wholly or in part on X-ray diffraction, seem to be much higher than those obtained by chemical methods. The X-ray diffraction methods are ideal for studies of the crystalline fraction but are necessarily indirect in application to the non-crystalline fraction. Swelling may influence crystallinity estimates in either of the following two ways or in both ways simultaneously. First, swelling may convert some crystallized cellulose to amorphous, that is, it may distort the internal fiber structure and increase chain disorder. Second, the laying open of the fiber by swelling may make accessible some non-crystalline areas that are screened off in the unswollen, dry material.
Sorption of zinc by Lake Michigan sediments: Implications for zinc water quality criteria standards

Abstract A series of sorption and leaching tests were performed to investigate the uptake and release of zinc from Lake Michigan sediments. In general it was found that these sediments had a moderate affinity for zinc in the neutral to slightly alkaline pH range. If the pH of the sediment slurry was decreased to 6 or less, zinc release was found. Increasing the pH to 7 or greater did not result in the zinc being readsorbed. The sorption of zinc by the sediments was rapid, usually complete in 1–2 h. These results are in accord with the results of the other studies conducted with other waters and sediments. Field observations in Lake Michigan have shown that high concentrations of zinc in tributary waters rapidly decrease within a few kilometers of the tributary mouth to an essentially constant lake-wide concentration. This concentration ranged from 2 to 4 times the typical tributary concentrations. These results may be explained by the uptake of zinc by the suspended sediment in the river and nearshore waters, with settling to the quiescent sediment-water interfaces of the deeper areas of Lake Michigan, often far removed from the tributary input. The rapid, essentially irreversible sorption of zinc by aquatic sediments raises important questions concerning the appropriateness of using the US EPA water quality criterion for zinc as a state water quality standard. The US EPA criterion is based on the total zinc concentration. In many aquatic systems most of the zinc would be adsorbed by suspended sediment, and therefore unavailable to aquatic organisms. It is recommended that the US EPA criteria be used to indicate potential zinc water quality problems where “excessive” concentrations of zinc are investigated on a site-specific basis, using a hazard assessment approach designed to evaluate the actual impact of the zinc in impairing beneficial uses of the water.
Double-Dipping Against Uncle Sam: Suing the Federal Government in Multiple Courts at the Same Time

This article previews the issues and arguments in Keene Corp. v. United States, on the Supreme Court’s appellate docket for the 1992-93 Term. Keene Corporation presents the Supreme Court with a highly technical jurisdiction question relating to a litigant's ability to sue the federal government simultaneously in both the Court of Federal Claims and the United States district courts. Keene Corporation's appeal to the Supreme Court presents three issues. First, Keene asks whether the jurisdictional statute for the Federal Claims Court requires dismissal of its lawsuit in the Claims Court, when Keene has sued in both district court and the Claims Court because federal law precludes Keene from bringing all of its claims in the same federal court. Second, Keene asks whether the Claims Court jurisdictional statute bars adjudication of its case there even when the non-Claims Court action is no longer pending. Third, Keene asks whether, assuming that the Supreme Court upholds the dismissal, the Federal Circuit's new interpretation of the jurisdictional statute should apply retroactively to its own case, should be saved under doctrines of non-retroactivity or equitable tolling, or should apply prospectively only to future litigants.In essence, this case presents the Court with competing frustrations: the frustration of the Keene Corporation in seeking redress against the government when federal law requires that different claims be adjudicated in different courts, and the frustration of the federal government in having to defend itself against seemingly duplicative litigation in multiple courts around the country. Although a sleeper of a jurisdictional case, the Court's determination of the jurisdictional issues in Keene is highly important because it will have widespread impact in lawsuits involving multiple claims against the United States as a defendant. In particular, the Court's resolution of the jurisdictional issues in Keene will affect litigants involved in mass-tort litigation where the United States is also a party to the lawsuit. Finally, this case is significant because the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, in deciding that Keene could not pursue its claims against the government in multiple forums, overturned a number of prior precedents that were intended to ameliorate the harshness of the existing jurisdictional rules that create a jurisdictional bar to such lawsuits against the government in multiple forums. If the Supreme Court upholds the Federal Circuit's decision in overruling the holdings of these cases, this reversal will represent a significant, stricter attitude concerning the ability of litigants to pursue multiple claims against the government.