cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marital Dissolution and Psychiatrie Disorders

Abstract Simple and moderated associations between 12-month prevalence of marital dissolution and 12-month prevalence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were evaluated. Moderators examined were demographic (gender, length of marriage, race/ethnicity) and distal (parental death, parental marital dissolution, parental mental illness) variables. Compared with continuously married individuals, people who divorced or separated were at elevated risk for mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Results also suggested that (1) Whites were more likely than individuals of other races to report a mood disorder following marital dissolution, and (2) people without parental history of substance abuse were at higher risk for substance use disorders following marital dissolution than people with a parental history.
Detecting genome-wide epistases based on the clustering of relatively frequent items

Motivation: In genome-wide association studies (GWAS), up to millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genotyped for thousands of individuals. However, conventional single locus-based approaches are usually unable to detect gene–gene interactions underlying complex diseases. Due to the huge search space for complicated high order interactions, many existing multi-locus approaches are slow and may suffer from low detection power for GWAS. Results: In this article, we develop a simple, fast and effective algorithm to detect genome-wide multi-locus epistatic interactions based on the clustering of relatively frequent items. Extensive experiments on simulated data show that our algorithm is fast and more powerful in general than some recently proposed methods. On a real genome-wide case–control dataset for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the algorithm has identified genotype combinations that are significantly enriched in the cases. Availability: http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~minzhux/EDCF.zip Contact:minzhux@cs.ucr.edu; jingli@cwru.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Persistence of Republicanism Class War Talk, American Style

The authors argue that there have been moments in American history when a class analysis entered into popular discourse. What has been “exceptional” about American history is the manner in which that class analysis emerged. When Americans speak the language of “class” and “class warfare,” it is often clothed in the rhetoric of labor republicanism. That is, rather than offering a systemic analysis of capitalist processes, American labor republicanism offers a class analysis that sets a small set of bad acting “elites” and their dependents against the mass of American workers. The authors trace this discourse from Franklin Roosevelt’s 1936 description of “economic royalists” to Lou Dobbs’s nativist attack on “corporate elites” and undocumented workers. As the United States enters a new period of “class awareness” and economic crisis, this republicanism returns to haunt public discourse.
Career placement of skilled migrants in the U.S. labor market : a dynamic approach

The initial occupational placements of male immigrants in the U.S. labor market vary significantly by country of origin even when education and other factors are taken into account. Does the heterogeneity persist over time? Using data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 U.S. Censuses, this study finds that the performance of migrants from countries with lower initial occupational placement levels improves at a higher rate compared with that of migrants originating from countries with higher initial levels. Nevertheless, the magnitude of convergence suggests full catch-up is unlikely. Country specific attributes are found to have less direct impact on the rate of assimilation than on the initial performance.
Autoimmunity against Fibrinogen Mediates Inflammatory Arthritis in Mice

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune synovitis characterized by the presence of anticitrullinated protein Abs, although the exact targets and role of anticitrullinated protein autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of RA remain to be defined. Fibrinogen, which can be citrullinated, has recently emerged as a candidate autoantigen. To determine whether autoimmunity against fibrinogen can mediate inflammatory arthritis, we immunized a variety of common mouse strains with fibrinogen and found that DBA/1 and SJL mice developed an inflammatory and erosive arthritis. Mice with fibrinogen-induced arthritis (FIA) possess fibrinogen-reactive T cells that produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. FIA can be adoptively transferred with either plasma or fibrinogen-specific T cells from diseased mice. Mice with FIA possess rheumatoid factor, circulating immune complexes, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide Abs, all of which are characteristic of human RA. These observations demonstrate that fibrinogen is arthritogenic in mice and that the pathogenesis of FIA is mediated by both autoantibodies and fibrinogen-reactive T cells.
Wireless patient monitoring: reliability and power management

Wireless and mobile technologies are finding a role in patient monitoring in diverse environments including hospitals and nursing homes. However, the quality and reliability of patient monitoring have not been highly satisfactory due to unpredictable and spotty coverage of infrastructure-oriented wireless networks such as wide-area cellular networks and wireless LANs. Recently, the use of ad hoc wireless networks among mobile and wearable devices for patient monitoring has been proposed. Although very exciting, there are many challenges in using ad hoc wireless networks for patient monitoring including how to support reliable patient monitoring and how to manage power transmission from patients' devices. In this paper, we provide several solutions for enhancing the reliability of patient monitoring and for improving the power management of devices in normal and emergency messages transmission. We are currently evaluating the performance of the proposed solutions and protocols, and the results will be presented at the workshop
Phylogeny of infraorder Sejina (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Phylogenetic relationships among the families in the infraorder Sejina and the position of Sejina relative to other infraorders of Mesostigmata are re-examined based on molecular and morphological data. Data sets included DNA sequence data for complete 18S, EF-1 , partial CO1genes, and 69 morphological characters. The two families of Heterozerconina consistently group within Sejina, and we propose to synonymize Heterozerconina with Sejina (Sejina s.l). Microgyniina is not the closest relative of Sejina. Rather, Sejina s.l. most often groups with Gamasina. Uropodellidae and Ichthyostomatogasteridae are sister groups and this lineage forms the sister group to Discozerconidae plus Heterozerconidae. Overall, we recognize 5 families within Sejina: Uropodellidae, Ichthyostomatogasteridae, Sejidae, Discozerconidae, and Heterozerconidae.
A wide-band focusing system for bioelectric applications

Since subnanosecond pulses are short compared to the membrane charging time of biological cells, they penetrate the cells, allowing direct electric field interaction with cell substructures. The use of such ultrashort pulses (with risetimes on the order of 100 ps) also provides an opportunity of using antennas, rather than solid electrodes, to deliver the electromagnetic energy to biological targets. For this purpose, we are developing a wideband pulse system that will allow us to focus the electromagnetic energy. The focusing system uses a prolate spheroidal reflector. A spherical TEM wave is launched in a rotationally symmetric structure towards the reflector from the first focal point by using a conical radiator. The TEM wave is then reflected on the prolate spheroidal surface and directed towards the second focal point. The focused electric field at the second focal point has only axial components. The temporal development of the electric fields at the focal point consists of prepulse, impulse and postpulse. Prepulse and impulse have the same polarity and thus contribute to an increased electric field at the focal point. The system is filled with water to achieve a better spatial resolution through compression of the wavelength. Design issues such as optimization of the reflector and the biconical structure are discussed.
Electric probe measurements in the plume of an ion thruster

Results are presented of measurements with double and single electric probes in the beam of a UK-10 ion thruster, using xenon as the propellant gas. The probe material consisted of tungsten and secondary emission was of negligible importance. As a consequence of the large directed velocity of the ions, the ion current to a probe was essentially independent of probe voltage. Since the debye length was small compared with the probe radius, no ions or electrons were collected on the downstream part of a probe. The thruster was operated at a thrust level of 18 ± 0.3 mN. Detailed results are given for ion flux profiles and ion density in the beam, as well as for floating potential profiles and degree of nonneutralization. Ion densities reach a maximum of 1.8 ± 0.2 x 10'° cm~3 on the beam centerline at an axial distance of 15 ± 0.3 cm from the acceleration grid. The floating potential at that location is 8.5 ± 0.2 V with respect to the neutralizer, while the degree of nonneutralization there is on the order of 10~ 4. Characteristic electron energies vary from 0.5 to 2.7 eV. Evidence is obtained that the electron gas has a non-Maxwellian speed distribution function.
The flux of kilogram-sized meteoroids from lunar impact monitoring

Abstract The flashes from meteoroid impacts on the Moon are useful in determining the flux of impactors with masses as low as a few tens of grams. A routine monitoring program at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center has recorded over 300 impacts since 2006. A selection of 126 flashes recorded during periods of photometric skies was analyzed, creating the largest and most homogeneous dataset of lunar impact flashes to date. Standard CCD photometric techniques were applied to the video and the luminous energy, kinetic energy, and mass are estimated for each impactor. Shower associations were determined for most of the impactors and a range of luminous efficiencies was considered. The flux to a limiting energy of 2.5 × 10−6 kT TNT or 1.05 × 107 J is 1.03 × 10−7 km−2 h−1 and the flux to a limiting mass of 30 g is 6.14 × 10−10 m−2 yr−1 at the Moon. Comparisons made with measurements and models of the meteoroid population indicate that the flux of objects in this size range is slightly lower (but within the error bars) than flux at this size from the power law distribution determined for the near Earth object and fireball population by Brown et al. (Brown, P.G., Spalding, R., ReVelle, D., Tagliaferri, E., Worden, S. [2002]. Nature 420, 294–296). Size estimates for the crater detected by Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter from a large impact observed on March 17, 2013 are also briefly discussed.
Public health policy on diet, nutrition, and cancer

(1985). Public health policy on diet, nutrition, and cancer. Nutrition and Cancer: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 274-283.
Military Conscription, Conscientious Objection and Democratic Citizenship in the Americas

This paper is about military conscription, conscientious objection, and democratic citizenship in the Americas, especially in the United States (U.S.) and Mexico, today and historically. In the United States there is at present no formal military draft, but when they turn eighteen all men, including those who reside illegally in the United States, must nevertheless file their names and contact information with the Selective Service System (SSS) office of the federal government. As there is no formal conscription in the United States today, only those who enlist and then have a change of heart can apply for conscientious objector (CO) status. In Mexico, all men who are born in the country or become naturalized citizens are obligated to report for possible military service, and one in three young men are chosen by lottery and must actually serve a year in the Mexican Army. Mexican law does not recognize the right to conscientious objection and for this reason there is no recorded history of young men in Mexico refusing to serve in the military for religious or moral reasons.
Surface Runoff Hydrograph Equation

Bloomsberg’s equation for the description of surface runoff hydrographs is modified and a methodology is developed to express the shape and profile of rising limb, crest segment, and recession limb of a hydrograph in algebraic terms. Variables of concern for such a description include time to peak, peak rate of runoff, point of recession, recession constant, and the percentage ratio of flow volumes in recession to the total volume of surface runoff. A computerized procedure, based on the derived formulations and working rules, would facilitate tracing of the surface runoff hydrograph free of reliance on graphical procedures. The method is applied to nine arbitrarily chosen drainage areas in the Great Basin region in order to investigate the reproducibility of observed unimodal flood hydrograph events.
Studies of the isolated perfused human placenta

Summary Methods of perfusing the isolated, surviving human placenta under nearly physiologic circumstances are presented. During periods up to 12 hours, the rate of glucose utilization is about 1 Gm. per kilogram per hour. The production of organic acids causes a steady rise in hydrogen ion concentration with a parallel rise in potassium concentration. No conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid could be observed. Hypoxia results in vasodilatation with increased rates of flow through the fetal vascular bed, whereas high oxygen pressures cause the reverse. It is believed that similar responses occur in utero. The fetal circulation is not responsive to epinephrine or norepinephrine but responds with vigorous vasoconstriction to serotonin and histamine.
Head Start and Cognition Among Latino Children

Poor educational attainment relative to non-Latinos is a persistent problem for Latino children. This paper examines the capacity of the Head Start program to affect test scores and schooling achievement among these children. Large positive effects are found on all the measures we examine. On average, Head Start closes 1/3 of the gap in test scores between Latino children and non-Hispanic white children, and 2/3 of the gap in the probability of grade repetition. However, these effects are not evenly distributed across groups or regions. In particular, while the gains to second (and higher) generation children are relatively uniform across the country, first-generation children outside California do not appear to gain from enrollment in the program. Conversely, first-generation children in California reap gains in test scores that are twice as large as those we find for all Latino children. This result suggests that early intervention programs that are tailored to the needs of specific groups can be very effective.
Geomechanical characterization of Newberry Tuff

Abstract In this paper we present the results of a petrophysical and geomechanical characterization program focusing on the rock mechanical properties of welded tuffs from Newberry volcano, Oregon. The rock samples are from drill cores obtained from three wells in the vicinity of the Newberry EGS namely, GEO N-2, GEO N-1, and OXY 72–3. As part of the rock characterization process, petrographic thin sections were prepared and used to describe rock texture and mineralogy. High resolution X-ray CT scanner was also used to provide 3D images of the rock pore structure. Rock porosity and permeability were measured using the gas expansion method and a pulse permeameter, respectively. Triaxial compression tests were performed on the specimens extracted from whole core to determine their Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and failure envelopes. In particular, multistage triaxial compression tests were carried out to determine deformation and failure properties, and to establish relationships between petrophysical and mechanical/failure properties. In addition, multistage triaxial shear tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties and shear strengths of the fractures developed in triaxial compression tests. Joint roughness coefficient (JRC) and Joint Wall Compressive Strength (JCS) were obtained through analysis of the shear tests. Joint normal stiffness and shear stiffness were also estimated and it was observed that a higher confining pressure results in higher joint shear stiffness. These studies provide insight into the effects of mineralogy and texture and structure on the strength and deformation properties of the tuff samples tested. Mineral composition and the presence of phenocrysts, argillitic materials, and natural fracture were noted to impact rock mechanical properties. Natural fracture and vein mineralogy also influence fracture development in the samples as well as frictional and shear strength properties of the joints tested. Rock samples with higher clay mineral content were found to be relatively more ductile with minimal increase, or even decrease, in permeability under failure in compression tests. The data set obtained in this study is very useful for stimulation design and interpretation of observed micro-seismicity in relation to permeability enhancement.
Learning Tabletop Object Manipulation by Imitation

We aim to enable robot to learn tabletop object manipulation by imitation. Given external observations of demonstrations on object manipulations, we believe that two underlying problems to address in learning by imitation is 1) segment a given demonstration into skills that can be individually learned and reused, and 2) formulate the correct RL (Reinforcement Learning) problem that only considers the relevant aspects of each skill so that the policy for each skill can be effectively learned. Previous works made certain progress in this direction, but none has taken private information into account. The public information is the information that is available in the external observations of demonstration, and the private information is the information that are only available to the agent that executes the actions, such as tactile sensations. Our contribution is that we provide a method for the robot to automatically segment the demonstration into multiple skills, and formulate the correct RL problem for each skill, and automatically decide whether the private information is an important aspect of each skill based on interaction with the world. Our motivating example is for a real robot to play the shape sorter game by imitating other’s behavior, and we will show the results in a simulated 2D environment that captures the important properties of the shape sorter game. The evaluation is based on whether the demonstration is reasonably segmented, and whether the correct RL problems are formulated. In the end, we will show that robot can imitate the demonstrated behavior based on learned policies.
Effects of 60Co gamma irradiation on aflatoxin B1 and B2 production by Aspergillus flavus.

Germination of spores of the toxinogenic organism Aspergillus flavus NRRL-3145, previously exposed to specific gamma radiation levels, resulted in a greater production of aflatoxins B1 and B2 follo...
Timing of Discrete Actions: Evidence for Perceptual Dominance in Human Performance:

An experiment involving a street-crossing task is described. The subjects were required to release a pedestrian within a narrow window of opportunity to cross the road without being run over by vehicles. To test a number of hypotheses on whether timing of actions is driven by perceptual cues or some internal clocking mechanisms, the experiment involved conditions where the street-crossing task was either visible throughout trials or where the vehicles were removed, and coupled with a concurrent mental arithmetic loading task with either visually or auditorily presented stimuli The data support the hypothesis that when the stimuli remain visible, people predominantly rely on perceptual cues for timing discrete actions. Significant performance decrements were observed in the removal conditions Importance of the visual component in the task performance was supported by the larger performance decrement in the unmasked condition when the subjects' attention had to be divided between two sets of visual stimuli....
THERMAL TRANSPORT IN POLYMERS

An introduction to polymers and their thermal conductivity is provided, with particular attention paid to recent work that has highlighted the potential to make high thermal conductivity polymers. The thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers is generally low, on the order of 0.1–1.0 W m−1 K−1; however, polymers can be inexpensive to manufacture and they are corrosion resistant and lightweight, which makes them attractive for heat transfer applications. To realize their potential, higher thermal conductivity and higher strength is needed, which can be achieved to some extent by adding fillers to a polymer matrix. A review of the strategies employed to raise the thermal conductivity of polymers is provided along with an introductory review of the physics that intrinsically allows individual polymer molecules to serve as good heat conductors.
Endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm using the off-the-shelf multibranched t-Branch stent graft.

Endovascular repair has been increasingly used to treat thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms using patient-specific or off-the-shelf fenestrated and branched stent grafts. Device customization limits the application of patient-specific devices in patients who need urgent or emergency repair because of ruptured or large, rapidly expanding aneurysms. For these patients, an off-the-shelf multibranched stent graft, the t-Branch stent graft (Cook Medical, Bjaeverskov, Denmark) has been developed based on the relative predictability of visceral vessel anatomy, allowing incorporation and intraoperative customization of target vessels with four down-going directional branches. We used the t-Branch stent graft in a 66-year-old woman with a rapidly enlarging type III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Completion angiography and follow-up computed tomography angiography demonstrated successful exclusion of the aneurysm sac, patent target vessels, and nearly complete sac shrinkage at the 12-month follow-up.
Lateralization in Alpha-Band Oscillations Predicts the Locus and Spatial Distribution of Attention.

Attending to a task-relevant location changes how neural activity oscillates in the alpha band (8–13Hz) in posterior visual cortical areas. However, a clear understanding of the relationships between top-down attention, changes in alpha oscillations in visual cortex, and attention performance are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the degree to which the posterior alpha power tracked the locus of attention, the distribution of attention, and how well the topography of alpha could predict the locus of attention. We recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data while subjects performed an attention demanding visual discrimination task that dissociated the direction of attention from the direction of a saccade to indicate choice. On some trials, an endogenous cue predicted the target’s location, while on others it contained no spatial information. When the target’s location was cued, alpha power decreased in sensors over occipital cortex contralateral to the attended visual field. When the cue did not predict the target’s location, alpha power again decreased in sensors over occipital cortex, but bilaterally, and increased in sensors over frontal cortex. Thus, the distribution and the topography of alpha reliably indicated the locus of covert attention. Together, these results suggest that alpha synchronization reflects changes in the excitability of populations of neurons whose receptive fields match the locus of attention. This is consistent with the hypothesis that alpha oscillations reflect the neural mechanisms by which top-down control of attention biases information processing and modulate the activity of neurons in visual cortex.
SU-F-T-302: Implementation of the RadCalc Image Analysis Tool for IMRT QA

Purpose: To assess RadCalc as a means for analyzing fluence maps of IMRT QA patient plans. Eclipse generated fluence maps were compared to RadCalc fluence maps generated from both Eclipse parameters and from dynalog trajectory files. Methods: Six IMRT plans consisting of fifty individual fields were compared both field-by-field and as composite plans. These plans were exported from Eclipse to RadCalc. Each plan was then delivered in QA mode on a Varian Clinac iX, while recording and saving the dynalog trajectory files. These files were then imported into RadCalc, providing three sources of generating fluence maps: Eclipse, RadCalc, and dynalog files. Using the image analysis tool in RadCalc, a gamma analysis was then performed as a point-by-point comparison for each IMRT field. The Eclipse fluence map was used as the baseline for each comparison. Results: Based on the manufacturer's recommendations, all fields were normalized to the maximum pixel value within each Eclipse field. All data was analyzed using a gamma index of 3mm/3% with passing criteria of 90%. For both dynalog analysis and RadCalc fluence analysis, 48/50 created fluence maps passed at greater than 90% when compared with the Eclipse baseline. In analyzing the composite of each of the six patients’ plans, all plans passed over 90%. Conclusion: Using the dynalog trajectory files in combination with RadCalc Version 6.3 image analysis is a promising metric for verifying IMRT QA passing rates. Notably, if a field failed, it did so for both dynalog and RadCalc compared to Eclipse. This suggests RadCalc can accurately simulate fluence maps, with similar results to dynalog comparisons. Limitations within the RadCalc software were discovered in the analytical process such as pixel resolution and the inability to set minimum threshold values. Comparisons could be extended to include dose map and distance to agreement analysis by expanding software capabilities.
Intraocular lens power overestimation in a patient with history of circling keratorraphy.

Abstract We report a case of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) power overestimation in a patient with history of hyperopia managed with circling keratorraphy. A 65-year-old female presented to our institute complaining of decreased vision in both eyes. The patient had a history of bilateral hyperopia that was managed 20years ago (1994) with circling keratorraphy. At presentation her uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/70 and 20/60 in her right eye (OD) and left eye (OS), respectively, while her corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/25 OD and 20/25 OS with manifest refraction of −0.50+1.50×75 OD and +0.50sph+1.50cyl×30 OS. Slit lamp examination revealed the presence of a circular intrastromal corneal suture (6mm diameter) and mild (+1) nuclear sclerosis in both eyes. The patient was scheduled to undergo cataract extraction targeting plano, using a toric IOL; one month after the surgery, the manifest refraction of the operated right eye was −2.00+0.50×175, reflecting an overestimation of the intraocular lens (IOL) power for the attempted target. Cataract extraction in patients with history of circling keratorraphy for the management of hyperopia results in IOL power overestimation, consistent with that which is seen in patients with other previous hyperopic corneal refractive procedures.
Assessing the Impact of Local Festivals

This paper introduces a consumer-based, normative model for assessing the Local Impact of Festival Tourism (LIFT). The model is tested using: (1) consumer profiles developed from two hundred ninety attendees of a local festival, (2) surveys of local business firms, and (3) financial statement information. The primary conclusion drawn from the study is that festivals have an overall favorable impact on gross local product. However, one aspect of the model reveals that festival-specific businesses have a neutralizing influence on local business sales. Finally, word-of-mouth communication is found to be the most effective marketing communication for stimulating festival attendance.
Stiction compensation via model predictive control

In this work, we develop a model predictive control (MPC) strategy incorporating stiction dynamics, input rate of change constraints, and actuation magnitude constraints as a stiction compensation methodology. Stiction is a nonlinear friction phenomenon that causes poor performance of control loops in the process industries. In this work, we develop an MPC formulation including detailed valve dynamics for a sticky valve and additional constraints on the input rate of change and actuation magnitude to reduce control loop performance degradation and to prevent the MPC from requesting physically unrealistic control actions from the valve due to stiction. Using a chemical process example with an economic model predictive controller (EMPC), we demonstrate the selection of appropriate constraints for the proposed method and show that the incorporation of the stiction dynamics and actuation magnitude constraints in the EMPC improves its selection of control actions so that the valves are able to reach the set-points requested by the EMPC and to meet operating constraints.
An ethics for antihumanism? Belief and practice

Secular and religious thinking, both, have tended to privilege acting on principle over responding to circumstances. This has allowed proponents for the separation of Church and State to argue that one can surrender matters of outward conduct in public to the State without compromising one’s “inner” beliefs. Yet, this secular conception of belief, isolated from broader social commitments, can also lead to radical expressions of faith. It is worth questioning, then, whether secularism’s configuration of belief as a free-floating mental state does not, in the long run, prove more dangerous than did culture-bound religious differences. We need to look beyond the secular–religious configuration of belief to embrace conceptions of the good based on practice.
An analysis of human-robot social interaction for use in crowd simulation

The simulation of crowd dynamics is an important tool for a number of applications, including architectural design, pedestrian transport and escape planning. The use of robots has been recently proposed as a mechanism to improve the efficiency of pedestrian transport by modifying the large-scale dynamics of crowds. However, in order to simulate the effect of introducing robots into a crowd, one must have a model of how individuals can react to the form and behavior of the robots that are introduced. Finally, this paper provides an overview of the existing work on human-robot interaction in the field of social robotics and illustrates how this information can be integrated into crowd dynamics simulations
Type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma: differentiation from Type 2 papillary RCC on multiphasic MDCT

To investigate whether multiphasic MDCT enhancement can help differentiate type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from type 2 papillary RCC. With IRB approval for this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, we derived a cohort of 36 type 1 papillary RCCs and 33 type 2 papillary RCCs with preoperative multiphasic MDCT with up to four phases (unenhanced, corticomedullary, nephrographic, and excretory) from 2000 to 2013. Following segmentation, a computer-assisted detection (CAD) algorithm selected a 0.5 cm-diameter region of maximal attenuation within each lesion in each phase; a 0.5 cm-diameter region of interest was manually placed on uninvolved renal cortex in each phase. The relative attenuation of each lesion was calculated as [(Lesion attenuation−cortex attenuation)/cortex attenuation] × 100. Absolute and relative attenuation values were compared using Mann–Whitney tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Relative excretory phase attenuation of type 2 papillary RCCs was significantly greater than that of type 1 papillary RCCs (2.0 vs. −18.3, p = 0.005). Relative excretory phase attenuation differentiated type 1 papillary RCCs from type 2 papillary RCCs with an accuracy of 73% (36/49), sensitivity of 87% (26/30), positive predictive value of 74% (26/35), and negative predictive value of 71% (10/14). Multiphasic MDCT enhancement may assist in differentiating type 1 papillary RCCs from type 2 papillary RCCs, if prospectively validated.
Disappearance and appearance of an indigestible marker in feces from growing pigs as affected by previous- and current-diet composition

Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal’s BW. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of previous (Phase 1, P1) and current- (Phase 2, P2) diet composition on marker disappearance (Cr) and appearance (Ti) in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDF content. When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDF diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively, for Cr levels to decrease below the limit of quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, for Ti to be maximized. These effects were not, however, independent of the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on fecal marker concentrations (P < 0.01). When dietary NDF increased from P1 to P2, it took less time for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized (an average of 2.5 d), than if NDF decreased from P1 to P2 where it took longer for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized (an average of 3.4 d). Because of the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods for elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary fiber concentrations of the past and currently fed diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or feces such that a small amount of maker is present to confound subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are collected.
Durango: Scalable Synthetic Workload Generation for Extreme-Scale Application Performance Modeling and Simulation

Performance modeling of extreme-scale applications on accurate representations of potential architectures is critical for designing next generation supercomputing systems because it is impractical to construct prototype systems at scale with new network hardware in order to explore designs and policies. However, these simulations often rely on static application traces that can be difficult to work with because of their size and lack of flexibility to extend or scale up without rerunning the original application. To address this problem, we have created a new technique for generating scalable, flexible workloads from real applications, we have implemented a prototype, called Durango, that combines a proven analytical performance modeling language, Aspen, with the massively parallel HPC network modeling capabilities of the CODES framework. Our models are compact, parameterized and representative of real applications with computation events. They are not resource intensive to create and are portable across simulator environments. We demonstrate the utility of Durango by simulating the LULESH application in the CODES simulation environment on several topologies and show that Durango is practical to use for simulation without loss of fidelity, as quantified by simulation metrics. During our validation of Durango's generated communication model of LULESH, we found that the original LULESH miniapp code had a latent bug where the MPI_Waitall operation was used incorrectly. This finding underscores the potential need for a tool such as Durango, beyond its benefits for flexible workload generation and modeling. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficacy of Durango's direct integration approach, which links Aspen into CODES as part of the running network simulation model. Here, Aspen generates the application-level computation timing events, which in turn drive the start of a network communication phase. Results show that Durango's performance scales well when executing both torus and dragonfly network models on up to 4K Blue Gene/Q nodes using 32K MPI ranks, Durango also avoids the overheads and complexities associated with extreme-scale trace files.
Using GitHub pages for a computer science course website: conference tutorial

GitHub's Pages feature (https://pages.github.com) might be a convenient way for you to create and manage a website for your course, especially if you are already familiar with GitHub. In this presentation I'll share from my experience creating a site for a course in 3D Computer Graphics programming. It was important to me that code examples in several languages (JavaScript, HTML, CSS and the OpenGL Shading Language) be easy to include and be rendered with syntax highlighting. I wanted good looking mathematical notation, preferably generated from LaTeX input syntax, since that's the format used in notes I'd prepared for teaching the course in the past. And I wanted things like lesson and exercise numbers to be generated automatically, so that I could add content in the middle without needing to update everything from that point on.
The Disruptive Innovation of Self-Organized Learning Environments

Education is undergoing tremendous change. Technology and communication are central to this change, as speed and accessibility have increased exponentially. Learners' content knowledge is no longer...
Unpacking smokers’ beliefs about addiction and nicotine: A qualitative study.

Evidence suggests that consumers correctly identify nicotine as addictive; however, many may also harbor misconceptions about its harmfulness. The majority of this evidence is based on survey data, however, which may be prone to some limitations. In the current study, we employed qualitative methods to examine, in their own words, smokers' beliefs about nicotine and addiction. Twelve 1-hr focus groups were conducted in 3 cities in the United States (Columbus, OH; New Orleans, LA; and Washington, DC) from October to November, 2014. Adult cigarette smokers (N = 108), defined as those who reported smoking cigarettes on every day or some days, were segmented by age group (18-25 years and ≥26 years) and tobacco-use behavior. Thematic, in-depth analysis of focus-group discussion transcripts was conducted. Participant demographic information was recorded. Results showed that smokers identify nicotine as a cause of addiction to cigarettes; however, they also attribute their addiction to other factors. When asked about nicotine's effects on the body, immediate physiological effects of smoking (e.g., stimulation, relaxation) were top of mind. Opinions varied in terms of whether nicotine itself was harmful or harmless; many were unsure and/or had not considered this question. Discussions revealed heterogeneity in smokers' beliefs as well as recognition of their own uncertainty and lack of knowledge. The current findings provide insight that smokers may not be as misinformed regarding the relative harms of nicotine and tobacco, as has been suggested by quantitative evidence. Implications for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
The 4 M’s of Motivation: Keys to Motivating Student-Athletes

Finding ways to motivate student-athletes can be a challenging task that requires creativity, autonomy and buy-in. The 4 M’s of Motivation: Keys to Motivating Student-Athletes introduces an innovative model that can be used by athletic academic professionals to help student-athletes cultivate and maintain motivation.
Why Teach Idioms? A Challenge to the Profession

This article presents a rationale for making idioms and their use a mainstay of the second language (L2) curriculum. First, it offers a definition of the elusive term “idiom” as a point of departure for the ensuing discussion. Second, it offers five specific reasons why idiom instruction should be integrated into the L2 curriculum: here, it is argued that students’ knowledge of idioms needs to be anchored in language materials and situations that are both authentic and purposeful. It is further argued that requiring students to produce idioms in ways that native speakers use them enhances students’ mastery of them, facilitating the binding and mapping processes of idiom internalization. Finally, this article challenges the SLA profession to propose a systematic, theoretically informed program for developing idiomatic competence in L2 learners that is based on meaningful, authentic idiom use in the classroom and beyond.
Correlates of Treatment Retention Among Persons with Serious Mental Illness Receiving Integrated Care in a Community Mental Health Setting

Knowledge about methods to retain community mental health (CMH) clients in integrated primary and behavioral health care (PBHC) programs is needed to address longstanding health disparities. A pree...
Inventing Hebrews: Design and Purpose in Ancient Rhetoric

Inventing Hebrews examines a perennial topic in the study of the Letter to the Hebrews, its structure and purpose. Michael Wade Martin and Jason A. Whitlark undertake at thorough synthesis of the ancient theory of invention and arrangement, providing a new account of Hebrews' design. The key to the speech's outline, the authors argue, is in its use of 'disjointed' arrangement, a template ubiquitous in antiquity but little discussed in modern biblical studies. This method of arrangement accounts for the long-observed pattern of alternating epideictic and deliberative units in Hebrews as blocks of narratio and argumentatiorespectively. Thus the 'letter' may be seen as a conventional speech arranged according to the expectations of ancient rhetoric (exordium, narratio, argumentatio, peroratio), with epideictic comparisons of old and new covenant representatives (narratio) repeatedly enlisted in amplification of what may be viewed as the central argument of the speech (argumentatio), the recurring deliberative summons for perseverance. Resolving a long-standing conundrum, this volume offers a hermeneutical tool necessary for interpreting Hebrews, as well as countless other speeches from Greco-Roman antiquity.
Neuroleptic-Induced Movement Disorders: Pharmacology and Treatment

Since 1952, when Delay & Deniker introduced chlorpromazine (Thorazine), the prototype of the group of major tranquilizers known as neuroleptics, psychiatrists and neurologists have been aware that patients sometimes develop aderse neurological conditions as side effects of these drugs. It is our purpose in this discussion to examine some current theories concerning the pharmacology of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders — primarily parkinsonism, and the dyskinesias — and to consider some of the recent thinking regarding their treatment. We have conducted in our laboratory a series of studies testing the clinical efficacy of adrenergic and cholinergic compounds in relieving symptoms of various drug-induced movement disorders. We will here report on some of these investigations and subsequently consider them in the wider context of work done throughout the field of drug-related extrapyramidal disorders.
Comparison of Damping Models for Space Flight Cables

A model to predict the dynamic response of space flight cables is developed. Despite the influence of cable harnesses on space structures’ dynamics, a predictive model for quantifying the damping effects is not available. To further this research, hysteretic and proportional viscous damping were incorporated in Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models to predict the dynamic response of a typical space flight cable, using hysteretic dissipation functions to characterize the damping mechanism. The Euler-Bernoulli beam model was used to investigate the hysteresis functions specifically, and it was determined that including hysteretic dissipation functions in the equations of motion was not sufficient to model the additional modes arising in damped cables; additional damping coordinates in the method of Golla, Hughes and McTavish will be necessary to predict damping behavior when using dissipation functions for this case. A Timoshenko model that included viscous and time hysteresis damping was developed as well, and will ultimately be more appropriate for cable modeling due to the inclusion of shear and rotary inertia terms and damping coefficients.
Regulation of Terminal differentiation of Human B-Cells by IL-6

Terminal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells is characterized by a marked change in the cellular morphology as the cells develop the capacity to synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig). Concomitantly, the B cells decrease the expression of Ig and MHC class II on the cell surface. The terminally differentiated plasma cells cease to proliferate. Despite these well orchestrated series of events that characterize B cell terminal differentiation, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this process are not well understood.
Onymous Consistent Voting Systems

This paper studies the strategic consistency of various onymous voting schemes. First the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem is extended to read: all stable, non-imposed social choice functions are oligarchic. Next, it is shown that this result does not extend to collegial polities, even if stability is replaced by strategic consistency in the sense of Peleg. Finally, it is shown that the sincere outcome of a collegial polity is in
The relationship between columnar epithelial dysplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus

The authors assessed the relationship between dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and invasive adenocarcinoma in a study of both endoscopic biopsy specimens and esophagectomy specimens. They reviewed the pathologic findings and clinical follow-up of 14 patients with dysplasia in Barrett's mucosa in endoscopic biopsy specimens. They also studied systematically the histopathologic features of the Barrett's mucosa in 43 esophagectomy specimens resected for Barrett's carcinoma. In the biopsy specimens, dysplasia occurred in distinctive-type Barrett's mucosa of 13 patients (93%) but in cardiac-type mucosa of only 3 (21%). Six patients had high-grade dysplasia; five underwent esophagectomy and three of these were found to have superficially invasive adenocarcinoma. The other patient with high-grade dysplasia as well as eight patients with intermediate- or low-grade dysplasia are not known to have carcinoma on available follow-up. In the study of resection specimens, high-grade dysplasia was strongly associated with adjoining invasive adenocarcinoma, because 84% of areas with invasion had high-grade dysplasia and 92% of areas with high-grade dysplasia showed invasion. The authors' findings suggest that the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence most commonly occurs in Barrett's mucosa of the distinctive type; high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's mucosa is a marker indicating high probability of invasive carcinoma; the presence of high-grade dysplasia in biopsy specimens of Barrett's mucosa is an indication for esophagectomy in suitable surgical candidates.