cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B09: Differential effect of microenvironment on tumor phenotype using an immature T cell lymphoma mouse model

Human T cell lymphomas of an immature phenotype with mediastinal origin are classified as T cell lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LBL) and comprise 85-90% of all lymphoblastic lymphomas. Treatment of T-LBL can be challenging because of the metastasizing nature of the disease, which commonly localizes to the bone marrow and can be found in other organs such as liver and spleen. We have developed a mouse T-LBL model by establishing a cell line from a spontaneous mediastinal tumor found in a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse strain. The resulting T-LBL like cell line, JMR4, has a known TCR (2C), known alloreactivity (H-2L d ), and known stimulating self-peptide (SIYR). JMR4 has an immature T cell phenotype, which includes a mixture of CD4 + /CD8 + , CD4 lo /CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 lo and CD4 + cells. Other T cell markers, such as CD5, CD24 and CD69 are expressed at various levels depending on the phenotypic subset. The 2C TCR, which can be detected using the 1B2 idiotypic mAb, has been shown to be functional using flow cytometric analysis following TCR stimulation using peptide loaded thymic stromal feeder cells. In addition, JMR4 can be phenotypically altered (CD4/CD8/CD5/CD69 expression levels) differentially in vitro using the bone marrow stromal cell line OP9 and OP9DL, suggesting that it has pluripotency. Finally, when JMR4 is injected into sub-lethally irradiated mice, it develops into a multi-organ lymphoma. Interestingly, the phenotype of the JMR4 cells, based on CD4 and CD8 expression levels, is differentially regulated depending on organ type and MHC of the host, making JMR4 an ideal model to study the complex interactions of a tumor with its microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms involved in tumor microenvironment (TME) induced changes to tumor cells should be important in understanding metastatic tumor progression and in designing new treatment regimens. Citation Format: Philip J. Lucas, Ronald E. Gress. Differential effect of microenvironment on tumor phenotype using an immature T cell lymphoma mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B09.
Blow-up conditions for two dimensional modified Euler–Poisson equations

Abstract The multi-dimensional Euler–Poisson system describes the dynamic behavior of many important physical flows, yet as a hyperbolic system its solution can blow-up for some initial configurations. This article strives to advance our understanding on the critical threshold phenomena through the study of a two-dimensional modified Euler–Poisson system with a modified Riesz transform where the singularity at the origin is removed. We identify upper-thresholds for finite time blow-up of solutions for the modified Euler–Poisson equations with attractive/repulsive forcing.
A Generalized Linear Model With “Gaussian” Regressor Variables

A model in which the conditional expected value of a response variate is an unknown nonlinear function of an unknown linear combination of regressor variates is considered. It is shown that in the case that the regressors are stochastic and jointly Gaussian, or are deterministic and quasi-Gaussian, the ordinary least squares estimates provide useful estimates of the coefficients of the linear combination up to an arbitrary multiplier. The cases of both conditional and unconditional inference are investigated.
Basel: Territorialization and Rural Autonomy

The city of Basel sits on the bend of the Rhine where the river turns from the foothills of the Alps to flow north through Alsace and beyond. The oldest buildings in the city are remarkable to the visitor for their glittering and colorful glazed tile roofs. In 1356, Basel was leveled by an earthquake and what had not been destroyed by the temblor was consumed by the week-long fire which followed. With the assistance of neighboring cities the people of Basel rebuilt their city, the builders of the time favoring native sandstone and those remarkable glazed roofs. Amazingly, the city not only recovered from the earthquake, but by 1615 its walls enclosed a space three times that of 1356. The intervening centuries had been years of astounding growth for the city, territorially, economically, and culturally.1 Around 10,000 residents lived within the city walls between 1429 and the beginning of the sixteenth century.2 At times, the population of the city may have swelled to half again that many, as it surely did in the early 1430s, during the first seven years of the Council of Basel.
Infusion Therapy for Movement Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on two medications that modulate motor function which includes, intrathecal baclofen for spasticity, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) for Parkinson's disease (PD). Infusion therapies such as baclofen and GDNF have two prerequisites. The first is that more conservative therapies are insufficient and the second is that the drug cannot be given effectively through less invasive means. Baclofen is currently the most widely used and accepted drug for the treatment of spasticity. In contrast, GDNF has been abandoned by some for PD therapy. Intrathecal baclofen is considered when dose escalation of oral baclofen is ineffective or when the side effects of oral baclofen become untenable. While there are risks associated with intrathecal therapy, the benefits on spasms, pain, and quality of life are significant for many severely affected patients. Intrathecal baclofen reduces nocturnal disturbance caused by spasticity and improves sleep. Postawakening muscle contractions are reduced, thereby minimizing secondary insomnia during transient awakenings. Although GDNF has been shelved for several years, work on GDNF and its analogs continues. Ceregene, Inc. is currently conducting trials to evaluate CERE-120, an adeno-associated virus vector carrying the gene for another GFL member, neurturin.
The St. Mary's Hospital Site

ABSTRACTFindings of the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society's 1974–1975 investigations at the St. Mary's Hospital site (AZ AA: 16:26) are discussed. The basic conclusions of the research are that the site's boundaries can be roughly defined and that the major period of occupation was during Rillito-Rincon times.
Gender prediction from mobile ocular images: A feasibility study

Gender is an important demographic attribute. Automated gender estimation has drawn significant interest in numerous applications such as surveillance, human-computer interaction, anonymous customized advertisement systems, image retrieval system as well as in fusion with primary biometric trait to improve the matching accuracy of a biometric system. Although studies have been proposed for gender estimation from face, fingerprint and iris images, none of the existing studies explore gender prediction from ocular images captured in mobile environment, which is the aim of this paper. We evaluate several textural descriptors in combination with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) on a large scale publicly available VISOB dataset captured using mobile devices. The best accuracy of 91.6% is obtained using Histogram of Gradient (HOG) descriptor in combination with MLP classifier.
Fusion imaging of computed tomography and 3D echocardiography: Combined assessment of coronary anatomy and myocardial function

Cardiac multimodality imaging offers new opportunities to display composite information not available with any of the imaging modalities alone. We tested the feasibility of fusion of coronary anatomy and left ventricular (LV) function obtained from computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and 3D echocardiography (3DE). Twenty-four patients underwent CTCA and transthoracic 3DE imaging on the same day. CTCA images were processed using custom software to extract the coronary tree. LV endocardial surfaces were obtained from 3DE and co-registered with the coronary tree using a rigid transformation. Three patients (12%) were excluded because of suboptimal CTCA quality. The composite display of coronary arteries and parametric images of regional LV function allowed visual appreciation of the LV functional abnormality secondary to the stenosis when present. Fusion of CT coronary angiography and parametric imaging of LV regional function derived from 3DE is feasible, potentially providing physiologically meaningful and easy-to-interpret combined display of coronary abnormalities and their functional impact.
Perseveration and Suicide in Huntington's Disease.

Background Huntington's disease (HD) patients are at significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, and associated cognitive and behavioral factors play an important role. Impulsivity is commonly thought to be a risk factor, but does not completely account for all suicide attempts. Objective To provide clinical evidence that perseverative behavior may precipitate suicide attempts in HD. Methods Case review of four HD patients who attempted suicide. Results Each patient demonstrated a clinical history of perseverative behavior, and endorsed perseveration on upsetting thoughts leading up to their suicide attempts. The attempts were planned in response to these ruminations. Conclusions The patients in this series experienced uncontrollable distressful thoughts prior to their thoughtfully planned suicide attempts. These patients did not appear to act impulsively in their decision to attempt suicide.
The historical development of "Time Law of Intersexuality" and its philosophical implications.

After a seminar in which I had discussed Richard Goldschmidt’s opposition to the chromosome theory of heredity, a colleague asked me if the history of twentieth century genetics might not have been better off had Goldschmidt never existed. Such a question underscores one of the vagaries of the history of science: a tendency to see events and people in terms only of progress toward the “right” idea. While it is true that Goldschmidt may be remembered by many biologists today more for the ways he was wrong than the ways he was right, such presentist views fail to see the complex interweavings which makes up the fabric of history. Despite the content of his theories (which are by and large rejected, in detail, by modern standards) Goldschmidt played an important role in the history of twentieth century genetics. Our understanding of, and approach to, genetic processes today bears the mark of the kinds of questions which Goldschmidt persisted in asking, often irreverently, throughout his entire career.
Toward a typology for social-ecological systems

Characterizing and understanding social-ecological systems (SESs) is increasingly necessary to answer questions about the development of sustainable human settlements. To date, much of the literature on SES analysis has focused on "neat" systems involving a single type of resource, a group of users, and a governance system. While these studies provide valuable and specific insights, they are of limited use for application to "messy" SESs that encompass the totality of human settlements, including social organization and technologies that result in the movement of materials, energy, water, and people. These considerations, in turn, create distribution systems that lead to different types of SESs. In messy SESs the concept of resilience, or the ability of a system to withstand perturbation while maintaining function, is further evolved to posit that different settlements will require different approaches to foster resilience. This article introduces a typology for refining SESs to improve short- and long-term adaptive strategies in developing human settlements.
Message Elaboration versus Peripheral Cues

It is now clear that a wide variety of variables can affect a person’s motivation and/or ability to consider issue-relevant arguments in either a relatively objective or in a relatively biased manner. However, according to the ELM, extensive issue and argument processing is only one route to persuasion or resistance. When people are relatively unmotivated or unable to process issue-relevant arguments, attitude changes may still occur if peripheral cues are present in the persuasion situation. In fact, the ELM postulates a tradeoff between argument processing and the operation of peripheral cues: as argument scrutiny (whether objective or biased) is reduced, peripheral cues become relatively more important determinants of persuasion, but as argument scrutiny (whether objective or biased) is increased, peripheral cues become relatively less important. In the first part of this chapter we discuss the tradeoff between relatively objective processing and the operation of cues, and in the second part of this chapter we discuss the tradeoff as it applies to biased processing.
Child Maltreatment: Daunting and Universally Prevalent.

The article presents an introduction to a section of the issue regarding child maltreatment.
When DBS can be of benefit in Huntington’s disease (P2.007)

Objective: To report on a HD patient with disabling truncal dystonia treated with bilateral GPi-DBS. Background: HD is characterized by movement disorders, cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms. Pharmacologic therapy is limited by its effectiveness and side effects. Several case reports have outlined the effect of GPi-DBS in HD patients with a choreic phenotype, but less is known about the effect in HD patients with a predominately dystonic phenotype. Design/Methods: A 66-yo-male with HD (41 CAG repeats) of 30 years duration presented with severe truncal dystonia that interfered with his ability to partake in all daily activities. The movements were most severe in the seated position, but also present while supine, standing and walking. He was unable to sit without displacing the chair backward. The global-dystonia-severity-rating-scale (GDSRS) score for items trunk and neck were 10/10 pre-operatively. Medications including aripiprazole, tetrabenazine and haloperidol were tried without benefit. Bilateral para-spinal botulinum toxin injections minimally reduced the amplitude but not the frequency of movement. He had preserved cognition (MMSE:28/30), and no depressive or psychotic symptoms. Results: Bilateral GPi-DBS was completed in March 2014. Lead implantation was challenging due to severe basal ganglia atrophy. The patient started to note significant improvement in the dystonic movement within 2 weeks after stimulation was initiated. There continues to be significant reduction at current time (30-months post-operatively). The GDSRS-scores for trunk and neck were 4 and 1 respectively. The patient can sit comfortably without displacing his seat and can partake in activities he could not do pre-operatively. Conclusions: This report illustrates that GPi-DBS may provide sustained benefit in carefully selected HD patients with severe dystonia refractory to other treatment modalities. As was the case in our patient, preserved cognition, lack of significant psychiatric disease, clear goals and expectations, and an involved caregiver are essential for a satisfactory outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Karl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Slavin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shannon has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for ""The Neurologist"". Dr. Shannon has received research support from Acorda and Cure Huntington9s Disease Initiative. Dr. Verhagen has received personal compensation for activities with Medtronic, St. Jude Medical, Britannia, US WorldMeds, Cynapsus as a consultant. Dr. Verhagen has received research support for activities from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Adamas, Osmotica, Pfizer, WorldMeds, NIH, and the Michael J Fox Foundation.
Advances in Transcriptomics: Investigating Cardiovascular Disease at Unprecedented Resolution

Whole-genome transcriptional profiling has become a standard genomic approach to investigate biological processes. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) in particular has witnessed myriad applications in genetics and various biomedical fields. RNAseq involves a relatively simple experimental protocol of RNA extraction and cDNA library preparation and, because of decreasing next-generation sequencing cost and lower computational burden for data processing, has obtained a central role in the modern biology. The recent application of RNAseq methodology to single-cell transcriptional profiling has enabled the more precise characterization of cell lineage and cell state genetic profiles. The development of bioinformatic and statistical tools has provided for differential gene expression analysis, RNA isoform analysis, haplotype-specific analysis of gene expression (allele-specific expression), and analysis of expression quantitative trait loci. We give an overview of these and recent developments in RNAseq methodology with emphasis on quality control, read mapping, feature counting, differential gene expression, allele-specific expression and expression quantitative trait loci analysis, and fusion transcript detection. We describe utilization of RNAseq as a diagnostic tool in Mendelian diseases, complex phenotypes, and cancer and give an overview of long read RNAseq technology. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the recent revolution in single-cell transcriptomics that is reshaping modern biology.
Constructing Teacher Leadership Through Mentoring: Functionality of Mentoring Practices in Evolving Teacher Leadership

Mentoring, as one of the formal teacher leadership roles, creates a space for teachers to display their leadership potential as it indirectly brings value to the school community (Ensher & Murphy, ...
Aging and Functions of the RES

Among the most striking alterations occurring with aging are those involving the immune apparatus. These alterations are of two different categories and affect thymus-dependent functions to a greater extent than thymus-independent functions. A decreased proliferative and/or functional response capacity to a wide array of exogenous stimuli occurs postpubertally together with an age-dependent increase in autoimmune phenomena. The first category has been amply documented via standard tests including lymphocyte proliferation following mitogen stimulation, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), humoral immune responses, and T-cell-mediated cytolysis. The second category, though clinically appreciated in its later and grosser expressions, has not been as well studied immunologically due perhaps to a lack of assay systems to measure the apparently subtle losses in self tolerance brought on by normal aging.
Determination of Retinal Position with Afterimages

The determination of retinal positions with afterimages is less exact than investigation with the help of objective images, to be described in the next chapters. It is indispensable in many circumstances, however, and is very useful for an overview, especially in the form given by Helmholtz. I borrow from the latter researcher to set up an experiment proving Listing’s Law in the following way.
What have we learned from transplanting older patients

Abstract Aggressive curative therapies have now been extended to patients older than 65 years, a fast-growing segment of the population. As the number of allogeneic transplants in patients older than age 65 is increasing, attention is now focused on improving outcomes in this group. This paper discusses important aspects of allogeneic transplant in the older patient, focusing on donor and patient selection, choice of conditioning regimen and graft source, and the importance of timely access to a transplant center.
National Prevalence of Sexual Violence by a Workplace-Related Perpetrator

Introduction Workplace sexual violence is not a new phenomenon but has received increased attention recently with the re-emergence of the #metoo movement. Gaps exist in the understanding of the prevalence of this problem in the U.S., its perpetrators, and its impacts. Methods Using 2010–2012 data from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (22,590 women and 18,584 men), this study examined the prevalence of several types of sexual violence by a workplace-related perpetrator (authority figure or nonauthority figure) and numerous impacts of the violence, including psychological impacts, safety concerns, and missing days of work or school. Data were analyzed in 2018. Results In the U.S., 5.6% of women (almost 7 million) and 2.5% of men (nearly 3 million) reported some type of sexual violence by a workplace-related perpetrator. Almost 4% of women (3.9%) reported sexual violence by nonauthority figures and 2.1% reported authority figures; 2.0% of men reported sexual violence by nonauthority figures, and 0.6% reported authority figures. For women, the most commonly reported sexual violence type was unwanted sexual contact (3.5% of women); for men, it was noncontact unwanted sexual experiences (1.3% of men). An estimated 1 million women (0.8%) have been raped by a workplace-related perpetrator. For women and men, fear was the most commonly reported impact of workplace-related sexual violence. Conclusions These findings suggest that workplace prevention efforts that do not address different components of workplace harassment may not be adequate to address all forms of sexual violence occurring across the U.S. in the workplace context.
Treatment of re-refining effluent from lubricating oils by combining electrocoagulation and coagulation-flocculation processes.

A combination of electrocoagulation and coagulation-flocculation processes was used for re-refining effluent from lubricating oils. The efficiency of the process was evaluated based on the chemical...
Weight Loss After Obesity is Associated with Increased Food Motivation and Faster Weight Regain in Mice

Objective While changes in diet often result in short-term weight loss, weight loss is not typically maintained. It remains unclear why long-term weight loss is so difficult. It was hypothesized that obesity produces persistent changes in behavior that bias animals toward weight regain after weight loss. Methods Mice were induced to gain weight with a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then induced to lose this weight with a low-fat diet for 7 subsequent weeks. A control group was maintained on the low-fat diet for all 13 weeks. Activity was measured continuously with home cage activity monitors for the entire experiment. Motivation for sweetened food pellets was tested following weight loss. A separate group of mice was reexposed to a high-fat diet following 2, 4, or 8 weeks of withdrawal to assess the rate of weight regain. Results Activity levels decreased as animals gained weight and partially recovered following weight loss. Motivation for sucrose pellets was persistently heightened after weight loss. Consistent with these behavioral changes, mice also regained weight at a faster rate when reexposed to a high-fat diet after a period of weight loss. Conclusions Weight loss after obesity was associated with increased motivation for palatable food and an increased rate of weight regain.
Identifying the common ground: Small-scale farmer identity and community

Abstract In recent years, the United States and other industrialized countries have seen a growth in small-scale farms; yet, there is limited empirical understanding of small-scale farmers─who these farmers are, how they organize their farming lives, and what they represent. This paper develops an in-depth understanding of small-scale farmers through the lens of identity and community. We conducted semi-structured interviews in Indiana, USA to collect data to address the following questions: (1) how do small-scale farmers in Indiana perceive their identity and community? (2) what are the underlining factors that shape their perceived identity and community? and (3) how do such self-identity and perceived community interact to shape small-scale farmers’ farming practices and their relationship to the larger agroecological-social-economic system? We found that small-scale farmers make distinctions between themselves and other types of farmers. This perceived distinction is important as it illustrates how small-scale farmers describe their farming identity, which is complex, with overlapping meanings and boundaries that are highly contextual, and cannot be easily reduced to categories. We found that small-scale farmers perceive their community to be multi-layered, defined by interacting geographic and social boundaries. We also demonstrate how small-scale farmers’ complex identity and perception of community interact to shape both their social and working lives. Together, these results provide important insights into the diverse experiences and challenges facing small-scale farmers that can be used to inform the development of support infrastructure to assist them in Indiana, USA and beyond.
Scientific Argumentation in Earth System Science Education

We investigate the merit of including deliberate instruction on argumentation and debate in an undergraduate Earth system science course. We examine sample student evaluations of arguments constructed by their peers during a classroom debate on Earth's climate system. Students participating in this exercise had, at a minimum, a baseline understanding of both global climate change and scientific argumentation. Three weeks of instruction were dedicated to global climate change and included an introduction to scientific argumentation. The objective of this exercise was to obtain a deeper understanding of how students use critical reasoning skills when assessing claims related to the global climate. Under the conditions studied, we found that while students invoked critical reasoning skills when assessing the relative strengths of opposing arguments, they often favored presentation style over content in their overall evaluation of the debate. Our finding suggests students be given ongoing practice in critical...
Inconsistent social rhythms are associated with abdominal adiposity after involuntary job loss: An observational study

Objective Unemployment is an established risk factor for obesity. However, few studies have examined obesity-related health behavior after involuntary job loss specifically. Job loss confers a disruption in daily time structure that could lead to negative metabolic and psychological outcomes through chronobiological mechanisms. This study examines whether individuals with unstable social rhythms after involuntary job loss present with higher abdominal adiposity than individuals with more consistent social rhythms and whether this relationship varies as a function of depressive symptoms. Methods Cross-sectional baseline data (n = 191) from the ongoing Assessing Daily Activity Patterns in occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study were analyzed using linear regression techniques. Participants completed the Social Rhythm Metric-17 (SRM) daily over 2 weeks. They also completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and participated in standardized waist circumference measurements (cm). Results A significant interaction emerged between SRM and BDI-II demonstrating that less consistent social rhythms were associated with larger waist circumference at lower levels of depressive symptoms. Additional exploratory analyses demonstrated a positive association between the number of daily activities performed alone and waist circumference when controlling for symptoms of depression. Conclusion These findings are the first to demonstrate a relationship between social rhythm stability and abdominal adiposity in adults who have recently, involuntarily lost their jobs. Results highlight the moderating role of depressive symptoms on daily routine in studies of metabolic health. Future prospective analysis is necessary to examine causal pathways.
CAD-LT score effectively predicts risk of significant coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates

Background & Aims Patients with cirrhosis and significant coronary artery disease (CAD) are at risk of peri-liver transplantation (LT) cardiac events. The coronary artery disease in liver transplantation (CAD-LT) score and algorithm aim to predict the risk of significant CAD in LT candidates and guide pre-LT cardiac evaluation. Methods Patients who underwent pre-LT evaluation at Indiana University (2010-2019) were studied retrospectively. Stress echocardiography (SE) and cardiac catheterization (CATH) reports were reviewed. CATH was performed for predefined CAD risk factors, irrespective of normal SE. Significant CAD was defined as CAD requiring percutaneous or surgical intervention. A multivariate regression model was constructed to assess risk factors. Receiver-operating curve analysis was used to compute a point-based risk score and a stratified testing algorithm. Results A total of 1,771 pre-LT patients underwent cardiac evaluation, including results from 1,634 SE and 1,266 CATH assessments. Risk-adjusted predictors of significant CAD at CATH were older age (adjusted odds ratio 1.05; 95% CI 1.03–1.08), male sex (1.69; 1.16–2.50), diabetes (1.57; 1.12–2.22), hypertension (1.61; 1.14–2.28), tobacco use (pack years) (1.01; 1.00–1.02), family history of CAD (1.63; 1.16–2.28), and personal history of CAD (6.55; 4.33–9.90). The CAD-LT score stratified significant CAD risk as low (≤2%), intermediate (3% to 9%), and high (≥10%). Among patients who underwent CATH, a risk-based testing algorithm (low: no testing; intermediate: non-invasive testing vs. CATH; high: CATH) would have identified 97% of all significant CAD and potentially avoided unnecessary testing (669 SE [57%] and 561 CATH [44%]). Conclusions The CAD-LT score and algorithm (available at www.cad-lt.com ) effectively stratify pre-LT risk for significant CAD. This may guide more targeted testing of candidates with fewer tests and faster time to waitlist. Lay summary The coronary artery disease in liver transplantation (CAD-LT) score and algorithm effectively stratify patients based on their risk of significant coronary artery disease. The CAD-LT algorithm can be used to guide a more targeted cardiac evaluation prior to liver transplantation.
Abstract PS14-24: Multi-center trial in the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast using intra-operative electronic brachytherapy technique, results

Purpose: To report on the technique of intra-operative electronic brachytherapy, local control, side effects and complications after a single fraction of 2000 cGy at the time of partial mastectomy. Material & Methods: 1200 patients with early stage invasive ductal carcinoma and carcinoma in situ were enrolled in the Multi-Center Trial. 246 (20.5%) patients among these 1200 patients had carcinoma in situ and were treated by a single fraction of 2000 cGy dose by intra-operative irradiation to the lumpectomy cavity using Xoft system of electronic brachytherapy at the time of partial mastectomy. 80% of the patients were Caucasian, 7% African American, 7% Hispanic and 6% others. Estrogen receptor was positive in 211 patients, negative in 28 patients and unknown/not assessed in 7 patients. Progesterone receptor was positive in 190 patients, negative in 45 patients and unknown/not assessed in 11 patients. All patients were BRCA negative. 34 (14%) patients had low grade tumors, 109 (44%) intermediate grade tumors, and 103 (42%) high grade tumors. Seroma occurred in 9.8%, induration in 7.6%, and significant fibrosis in 3.5% of the patients. 2/246 (1%) developed ipsilateral recurrence and one patient developed a gastrointestinal cancer. 118 (48%) patients had characteristics of ASTRO criteria being suitable, 108 (44%) cautionary and 20 (8%) unsuitable. Conclusion: The relatively early 2.3 year results of a single fraction of 2000 cGy by IORT to the lumpectomy cavity at the time of partial mastectomy using Xoft Axxent electronic brachytherapy in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the breast is safe and associated with low morbidity and local recurrence with good to excellent cosmesis in 80% of the patients. Citation Format: Alam M.Nisar Syed. Multi-center trial in the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast using intra-operative electronic brachytherapy technique, results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS14-24.
Risk Stratification of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a heterogeneous disease process whose presentation varies widely between individuals who are asymptomatic, develop cardiogenic shock, or experience acute PE-related mortality. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available tools used to risk stratify patients presenting with acute PE. We will particularly focus on the demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and multifactor tools used to predict mortality, PE-related morbidity, and bleeding complications. Established risk assessment strategies incorporate clinical and demographic information into risk scores such as PESI, sPESI, HESTIA, or BOVA scores to stratify patients using their individual risk profiles. Elevated biomarkers (troponin, BNP/NT-Pro-BNP, lactate), evidence of RV dilation and dysfunction, decreased cardiac reserve, and residual lower extremity and intracardiac clot burden are associated with worse prognosis. Novel techniques to identify cardiac reserve are helpful to identify patients who are at high risk for early decompensation. Early standardized risk stratification plays a crucial role in management of patients with acute PE. Identification of low-risk population allows for early discharge and outpatient management, while identification of high-risk population allows for rapid escalation of care and allocation of highly specialized resources in a timely fashion. Finally, pulmonary embolism response team model of care has allowed standardization of management of acute PE by harnessing expertise from multiple subspecialties.
Hepatitis B vaccine and risk of acute myocardial infarction among individuals with diabetes mellitus

Purpose A pre-licensure clinical trial of a two-dose cytosine phosphoguanine adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine (HEPLISAV-B® [Dynavax, USA]; HepB-CpG vaccine) found an unanticipated numerical imbalance in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to recipients of a three-dose aluminum adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine (ENGERIX-B® [GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium]; HepB-alum vaccine). A post-licensure study was required to compare AMI rates among recipients of HepB-CpG vaccine and HepB-alum vaccine. Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), who are at higher risk of AMI, comprise more than half of the post-licensure study cohort. To inform the ongoing post-licensure study, we examined the association between AMI and receipt of HepB-alum vaccine in individuals with DM. Methods We conducted a case-control study nested in a cohort of individuals with DM ages ≥40 years at Kaiser Permanente Southern California using electronic health records. AMI cases from 2012 to 2017 were identified by principal discharge diagnosis and matched 1:1 with randomly selected controls. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for receipt of ≥1 HepB-alum vaccine dose was compared for AMI cases and controls using conditional logistic regression. We subsequently performed the same matched case-control analysis stratified by year. Results Of 8138 matched case-control pairs, 17.4% of cases and 15.0% of controls received HepB-alum vaccine. The aOR of HepB-alum vaccination comparing cases and controls was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.08). Similarly, there was no significant association between HepB-alum vaccine and AMI in any of the study years. Conclusions HepB-alum vaccination was not associated with AMI in individuals with DM. This finding will provide contextual insight for the ongoing post-licensure study of HepB-CpG vaccine.
Using a Collated Cybersecurity Dataset for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can support the span of indicator-level, e.g. anomaly detection, to behavioral level cyber security modeling and inference. This contribution is based on a dataset named BRON which is amalgamated from public threat and vulnerability behavioral sources. We demonstrate how BRON can support prediction of related threat techniques and attack patterns. We also discuss other AI and ML uses of BRON to exploit its behavioral knowledge.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Family Social Capital, and Externalizing Behavior Problems: An Analysis Across Multiple Ecological Levels:

Some research on childhood adversity is critiqued for emphasizing the experiences of white, middle/upper-middle-class people and not accounting for adversities faced by more diverse populations. Ad...
Saadia on “what is in the hearts of people when they reach the limits of endurance in a trial”

This chapter addresses Saadia’s theodicies in his Doctrines and Beliefs, a treatise of Jewish theology, and his seminal commentary on the Book of Job whose aim, I argue, is not to investigate the theological problem of evil but to give a phenomenology of people’s mental reactions to suffering. On Saadia’s radically naturalistic interpretation of Job, according to which Job’s human adversary Satan challenges his piety—that Job is pious only because he is prosperous—Job is made to suffer to justify his piety. But Job’s reaction to this suffering manifests the ambiguity, isolation, and uncertainty of one who suffers without understanding why.
Refocusing School Leadership: Foregrounding Human Development throughout the Work of the School

1. The Schooling Context of Human Development 2. Working Within the Geography of Human Development 3. Foregrounding Human Development in Professional Development 4. Human Resource Leadership within its Organizational Setting 5. The Politics of Human Resource Development 6. The Moral Dimension of Human Resource Development 7. Leaders of Leaders of Human Resource Development 8. The Organic Interpenetration of Human Development Throughout the Work of Schools: A Different Leadership Challenge
Composite Performance Measures : Evidence on Chinese Stock Exchanges

With China's full liberalization of markets in 2007 due to its membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO), interest in China as an investment market is increasing. With this increased interest and the growing transparency of China's financial markets, more focus is needed on measuring the inclusion of Chinese investment in an actively managed portfolio. We use four portfolio performance measures that are commonly used by industry professionals to analyze the performance of different indices in both the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. The Sharpe measure, Treynor measure, Jensen's alpha, and compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) are used to analyze various stock index and composite performance for the period from 1994 to 2003. Also, we compare index performance for three subperiods: precrisis (1994-96), Asian crisis (1997-98), and postcrisis (1999-2003). This is an application of index data from the perspective of an average investor or fund manager who is interested in analyzing performance of sector-specific portfolios. Empirical results provide practical usage and insight for investors when considering the addition of such portfolios to enhance their overall portfolio's value. The results suggest that the Shanghai and Shenzhen B-share indices as well as the Shanghai utilities index provide enhanced return during our examined period.
Awareness of Sex Trafficking Must be Matched by Action and Resolve

Most Americans are unaware that modern day slavery exists in the form of human trafficking. To many, the phrase “human trafficking” elicits connotations of a tragedy present only in far-flung third world countries. And while trafficking of men, women, and children truly is an international evil of epidemic proportions, it hits much closer to home in terms of victims and demand.
Conversion of soluble dopamine β-hydroxylase to a membrane binding form

We have shown that purified bovine soluble dopamine β-hydroxylase can reconstitute onto preformed phosphatidylserine containing vesicles. The binding is dependent on pH and vesicle phosphatidylserine composition but does not require calcium. Reconstitution appears to be irreversible, with the lipid-bound enzyme possessing hydroxylase activity. Additionally, [14C] phosphatidylserine binds to soluble dopamine β-hydroxylase and remains bound after several detergent washes. Thus the reconstituted soluble form of the enzyme appears to be functionally analogous to the membranous form. Both the reconstitution data and the lipid binding data suggest that multiple phosphatidylserine molecules bind to the soluble hydroxylase. We propose that noncovalently bound phosphatidylserine moieties, which copurify with the membrane bound form of the enzyme, alone are responsible for anchoring membranous dopamine β-hydroxylase to chromaffin granule and model membranes.
The Kinetics and Mechanism of Iron(III) Exchange between Chelates and Transferrin I. THE COMPLEXES OF CITRATE AND NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID

Abstract The rate at which iron(III) is transferred from various chelating agents to the metal-binding sites in human transferrin is a function of the chemical nature of the complexing agent. Although equilibrium concentrations are related to the magnitude of the relative stability constants, the kinetics of transfer appears to be regulated by steric factors. The time required for equimolar concentrations of three typical chelates to half-saturate the sites is nitrilotriacetate, 3 sec; citrate, 8 hours; ethylenediaminetetraacetate, about 4 days. The kinetics of ferric citrate transfer is complicated by the polynuclear behavior of this chelate. At a citrate to iron ratio of 1:1, the rate-limiting step of the metal binding is depolymerization to a low molecular weight, reactive complex. At ratios above 20:1, polymerization is suppressed by the formation of ferric dicitrate, which reacts rapidly with the protein to release the metal via the formation of a reactive ferric citrate complex. A reaction sequence is proposed involving the formation of a ternary complex of chelate-iron-transferrin as an intermediate. Ionic Fe(III) does not appear to be involved in the transfer.
Hodoscope instrumentation for photoproduction of wide angle MU meson pairs: Part 3. On-line data readout and checking

Abstract The use of a magnetic tape recorder is discussed for the start-stop mode of operation in which the recorder is started for each event and stopped after the recording of the event. The amount of data recordable in this mode and the limitations upon its use are considered. A fixed program on-line readout and data-checking device is described which is suitable for use with tape recorded data from a hodoscope of several hundred counters. The device may be used visually to display the events or as a quantitative check on the operation of each hodoscope detector. The data may be read from tape immediately after being written or at a later time under control of the checking unit.
Envelopes and kernel functions

This chapter discusses the role of envelopes and kernel functions. The use of envelopes and kernel functions has become more prevalent in the biomedical engineering literature within the past decade. The former is beneficial to be used as the image creation and the latter in the creation of continuous time domain signals from point events. Both methods are very different but are placed together in the same chapter. This is so because they both create a low-frequency signal from a high-frequency one. For some biomedical phenomena, not only is the direct measurement important but also its envelope. Examples are explained to illustrate the importance. It discusses the Hilbert transform, which is a powerful technique used to find the envelope of a signal. The procedure that involves creating the Hilbert transform of the signal, then the analytic signal, and finally the envelope is outlined here in a step-by-step fashion. The chapter also describes the point processes and continuous signals via kernel functions. Various figures and graphs have been used throughout the chapter for better illustration of the concepts discussed here.
Modification of Polymers

Polymers of natural origin (gums, fibers, skins) have been used by man since prehistoric times. The technology of improving the useful qualities of such materials was developed empirically without benefit of the unifying conceptual framework of chemistry. The early chemical efforts which lead to the modification of rubber via isomerization with acid (1781)2 or Vulcanization with sulfur (1839)3 were also largely serendipitous discoveries. By the mid-19th century investigators like Bracconnot (1833)4 and Schonbein (1845)5 had begun systematic efforts to apply the emerging science of organic chemistry to the task of modifying the end-use properties of natural materials, or imparting wholly new properties to them. The careful study of the reaction of cellulose with nitric acid ultimately led to Parkes’ production of the first semisynthetic commercial plastic, “Parkesine” (1864)6. The chemistry of polyisoprene isolated from a variety of natural sources was also a subject of intense chemical investigation. It had been chlorinated in 18597, and was later hydrochlorinated in 18818. Weber (1894)9 recognized similarities between the Vulcanization process and the insolubilization of rubber by S2Cl2. The production of rayon by treatment of alkali-cellulose with CS2 was patented in 189210.
Grain-size dependence of microcrack initiation in two-phase brittle systems

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 8018672.
Competitive interaction of biliverdin and bilirubin only at the primary bilirubin binding site on human albumin.

Abstract The binding of biliverdin-IXα by human albumin and serum was quantitated, using three different binding techniques, to study the effects of biliverdin on bilirubin-albumin binding. The apparent equilibrium association constants ( K ± SD) and binding capacities ( n ) of defatted albumin, pooled adult sera, and pooled umbilical cord sera for biliverdin are: K = 1.3 ± 2 × 10 6 m −1 , n = 1.00; K = 13.0 ± 3 × 10 6 m −1 , n = 0.90; and K = 6.8 ± 0.1 × 10 6 m −1 , n = 0.85, respectively. Although bilirubin binds at more than one albumin site, competitive studies showed that biliverdin binds only at the primary (highest affinity) bilirubin site. Sulfisoxazole, previously thought to compete with bilirubin for the primary binding site, was found to displace bilirubin from both primary and secondary bilirubin binding sites. Biliverdin, because of its specific binding and spectral characteristics, could be a useful probe for determining the capacity of the primary bilirubin-albumin binding site.