cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iodine nutrition status of school age children in Zhongshan County in 2011

[Objective]To investigate the iodine nutrition status of school age children in Zhongshan County,to evaluate the control effects of iodine deficiency disorders,and provide scientific evidence for its control in future.[Methods]The investigation was based on the"Guangxi Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention and Monitoring Scheme."[Results] The qualified rate of iodised salt wa 96.0% in Zhongshan County.The median of urinary iodine among the school age children was 240.4 μg/L,32.0% children’s urinary iodine level≥300 μg/L.The median of water iodine was 5 μg/L.[Conclusion]In Zhongshan County with environmental iodine deficiency,the iodine nutrition of the school age children is adequate;however,there is a trend the iodine nutrition is a little surplus.Therefore,the monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders should be monitored and the different guidance for children in different iodine nutrition states should be implemented.
Hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry for rapid determination of inorganic arsenic in food

Objective:To improve the method for rapid determination of inorganic arsenic in food by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence.Methods:After extraction of the inorganic arsenic in food in water-bath at 70℃ with 10% hydrochloric acid,then it was centrifuged,the solution was digested.Determination was performed by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Results:Under optimal conditions,the relative standard deviation of the method was 4.67%～8.36%,with recoveries of 87.3%～107.8%,and the detection limit of 0.0047 mg/kg.Conclusion:The method is time-saving,easy to operate and highly sensitive and could be used as an alternative for the determination of inorganic arsenic in food.
Detection of mutation in core promoter in children at different status of serum HBeAg with chronic hepatitis B

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the different status of serum HBeAg and mutation in core promoter in children with chronic hepatitis B, who had same genotype B/adw2 of HBV. Methods: A total of 64 children infected with hepatitis B virus (genotype B/adw2) were divided into two groups according to status of serum HBeAg. Core promoter was amplified by PCR and cloned into pGEM-T vector with T-A cloning technique. The recombinant plasmid pGEM-CP was confirmed by digestion with restriction enzyme ApaⅠand SacⅠ.The correct clones were selected to be sequenced from each patient. Results: In each group the genotypes of HBV were B/adw2.There was significant difference in mutations of core promoter between the two groups with different serum status of HBeAg(29.41% vs 6.67%,P0.05).There were four hot mutational positions in the HBe antibody positive group.Conclusion: The mutation of HBV CP is related to HBe seroconversion .
Effect of payer status on outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery in blacks.

BACKGROUND Black patients with coronary artery disease have a higher mortality rate than white Americans. They also have a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease, which may have an effect on mortality rates. The deleterious effect of these comorbidities may be exacerbated by impaired access to secondary prevention strategies and longitudinal care. Therefore, the presence or absence of comprehensive care as indicated by payer status may then affect survival on surgically treated patients. In this study we examined the role of cardiovascular risk factors and insurance carrier status on early outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in blacks versus white Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS From January 1990 to December 1996, 2776 patients (2003 men, 773 women; mean age 63 +/- 10 years), underwent isolated CABG in a multispecialty practice serving a major metropolitan population. There were 494 (17.8%) black patients and 2282 (82.2%) white patients. The proportion of black patients in each payer category was 17.8% commercial, 14.1% managed care, 52.9% Medicaid, and 19.5% Medicare. The effect of preoperative risk factors, including status of operation (elective, urgent, or emergent), sex, race, redo CABG, presence of renal disease, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, the completeness of revascularization, age, and left ventricular ejection fraction were analyzed with the chi 2 test for categorical variables and the Student t test for age and ejection fraction. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of all variables on mortality rates simultaneously. Black patients had a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal disease than white patients (P < 0.001). Overall, 30-day mortality rate was 2.5% (58 of 2282) in white patients versus 5.5% (25 of 494) for black patients (P < 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that only emergency surgery status (OR 3.59, P < 0.01), redo CABG (OR 3.78, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 2.32, P < 0.03), history of congestive heart failure (OR 2.1, P < 0.004), older age (OR 1.07, P < 0.001), and low ejection fraction (OR 0.98, P < 0.003) correlated with mortality rates. Race and payer status were not significant predictors of death. CONCLUSIONS These data on CABG surgery in black patients suggest that early death is due to associated risk factors and not due to race or insurance payer status.
Functions of Two or More Variables (with Constraint)

In the problem of finding an extreme value of a function f(x 1, x 2) of two variables, it may happen that the variables x 1 and x 2 are not independent but are connected by one or more relations called constraints. In theory, we can solve for one of the two variables in terms of the other, and proceed as in Chapter 1. In actual practice, however, we are held back by two considerations. First, it may be tedious to substitute one variable for another. Second, and more important, we have to be careful in choosing which one of x 1 and x 2 to be the independent variable. The following example illustrates the possible pitfalls when we are not careful.
The Effect of Na+ on the Activation of Water Oxidation by Ca2+ and Sr2+

Washing PSII preparations in 1 M NaCl removes about 1 of the 2–3 bound Ca2+ per Photosystem II reaction center and causes the loss of water oxidation (1). Partial recovery of this activity is specific to the addition of Ca2+ (2) or, less effectively, to Sr2+ (3,4). This salt wash also removes the P17 and P23 proteins from the preparation and it has been hypothesized (4,5) that the loss of Ca2+ results from a decreased affinity of the cation for the P23-less reaction centers. However, the presence of a high affinity (10 µM) and a low affinity (1 mM) Ca2+ binding sites have been observed in P17, P23-depleted PSII preparations (6,7). Alternatively, it has been proposed that the relative proportion of Ca2+ removed from these sites depends on the presence of light or EGTA during the salt wash (1,7). Experiments show that the high affinity Ca2+ binding site is required to form a functional S3 state (8,9) while the low affinity site is involved with photoactivation (10), H2O2-driven S1/S-1 cycling (11) and for electron transfer to Z+ (12).
Accounting and Budgets

We live in a world in which budgets of all types have a profound influence on our lives. Contact with budgets ranges from somewhat informal personal budgets for our income and time, to the direct or indirect influence of governmental budgets, to the strict control exercised by our employer’s business or corporate budgets. In a budget the funds that have been established for specific purposes very much determine what activities will be pursued and the extent that they will be accomplished. This pattern is definitely the case in the chemical process industries, varying from such simple and basic functions as whether there are funds to hire additional engineers, the amount of money allocated for specific projects, and the extent that the company will invest in new projects and make capital expenditure based on recommendations you have made after performing cost estimates and economic analyses.
The interaction of cyanonaphthyridinomycin with DNA.

The characteristics of the in vitro interaction of cyanonaphthyridinomycin (CYANO) with DNA are described. Unlike naphthyridinomycin (NAP), CYANO is extremely dependent on reductive activation with dithiothreitol (DTT) to bind DNA. The reaction of CYANO with DNA is kinetically slower than that observed for NAP and is still linear after six hours incubation at room temperature. The extent of binding is pH dependent with acidic pH being inhibitory. CYANO, as with NAP, appears to bind to dG:dC base pairs in the minor groove of double stranded DNA. Studies using [C3H3:14CN] CYANO demonstrated that the cyanide group is lost when the drug binds to DNA. In the absence of DNA but in the presence of DTT, cyanide is still released from CYANO and the extent of release is also inhibited by acid pH conditions. These results suggest that the cyanide group comes off prior to binding of the antibiotic to DNA. The rate limiting step in the reaction of CYANO with DNA would appear to be the release of cyanide from the drug molecule.
Effects of Fluorescent Light on Flavor and Ascorbic Acid Content in Refrigerated Orange Juice and Drinks

The effect of fluorescent light on flavor changes and ascorbic acid losses in orange juice and orange drink packaged in various containers was investigated. In general, flavor changes occurred more quickly and to a greater extent in glass and blow mold plastic packaged juices than in paperboard. Microbial growth in paperboard packaged orange juice may have caused flavor changes greater than those induced by light after 72 h of exposure. Ascorbic acid losses in light-exposed packages were much higher with reconstituted orange drinks, between 40 to 90%, than with orange juice, about 20%, following 144 h of exposure.
Perceptions of Professional Identity Development From Counselor Educators in Leadership Positions

The perceptions of professional identity development from 10 counseling leaders were examined through consensual qualitative research methodology. Themes and implications include the (a) intersection of being counselor educators and leaders in the counseling field and (b) the development and strengthening of professional identity over time.
Recent Debate over Categorical Foundations

The proposal by Shapiro (2009, p. 76) “to sharpen the battle lines a little” around categorical philosophy and foundations for mathematics suggests also extending the lines to include the original publications by mathematicians William Lawvere (1963, 1964, 1966) and Saunders Mac Lane (1986, 1998).
Agriculture and Irrigation in Nile Basin

This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of agriculture and irrigation in the Nile basin, background of agriculture and irrigation in the Nile basin, scope of the chapter, the Nile river basin, scarce Nile water and existing sharing arrangements, move to establish basin-based cooperation, new water demands in the Nile basin, escalating conflict scenario, fear of climate change, The China factor and the riparian countries of the Nile understanding.
Understanding the impact of animated gesture performance on personality perceptions

Applications such as virtual tutors, games, and natural interfaces increasingly require animated characters to take on social roles while interacting with humans. The effectiveness of these applications depends on our ability to control the social presence of characters, including their personality. Understanding how movement impacts the perception of personality allows us to generate characters more capable of fulfilling this social role. The two studies described herein focus on gesture as a key component of social communication and examine how a set of gesture edits, similar to the types of changes that occur during motion warping, impact the perceived personality of the character. Surprisingly, when based on thin-slice gesture data, people's judgments of character personality mainly fall in a 2D subspace rather than independently impacting the full set of traits in the standard Big Five model of personality. These two dimensions are plasticity, which includes extraversion and openness, and stability, which includes emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. A set of motion properties is experimentally determined that impacts each of these two traits. We show that when these properties are systematically edited in new gesture sequences, we can independently influence the character's perceived stability and plasticity (and the corresponding Big Five traits), to generate distinctive personalities. We identify motion adjustments salient to each judgment and, in a series of perceptual studies, repeatedly generate four distinctly perceived personalities. The effects extend to novel gesture sequences and character meshes, and even largely persist in the presence of accompanying speech. This paper furthers our understanding of how gesture can be used to control the perception of personality and suggests both the potential and possible limits of motion editing approaches.
Path following studies with an articulated farm vehicle

The operation of agricultural field machinery is often considered to be an arduous task performed under difficult conditions. The availability and affordability of advanced technologies has provided sufficient means to allow many repeatable tasks to be performed autonomously within a satisfactory level of precision. An articulated field robot based on a commercially available row crop sprayer vehicle has been developed. Navigation and positioning functions are achieved using a wide-area precision DGPS. Onboard sensors monitor engine, hydraulic, electrical, and control plane parameters. This paper describes the implemented methodology for general path creation and following for an articulated farm vehicle. A robust derivation of ‘bang-bang’ control signals has been considered. Fundamental maneuvering components have been identified, and are applicable to any movement between configurations of the articulated vehicle. The paper will report the general characteristics of autonomously maneuvering the articulated vehicle, and will demonstrate the highly-practical application of this technology in the agricultural field environment.
Chaos in continuously monitored quantum systems: An optimal-path approach

We predict that continuously monitored quantum dynamics can be chaotic. The optimal paths between past and future boundary conditions can diverge exponentially in time when there is time-dependent evolution and continuous weak monitoring. Optimal paths are defined by extremizing the global probability density to move between two boundary conditions, and are then expressed as solutions to a Hamiltonian dynamical system. We investigate the onset of chaos in pure-state qubit systems with optimal paths generated by a periodic Hamiltonian. Specifically, chaotic quantum dynamics are demonstrated in a scheme where two noncommuting observables of a qubit are continuously monitored, and one measurement strength is periodically modulated. The optimal quantum paths in this example bear similarities to the trajectories of the kicked rotor, or standard map, which is a paradigmatic example of classical chaos. We emphasize connections with the concept of resonance between integrable optimal paths and weak periodic perturbations, as well as our previous work on ``multipaths,'' and connect the optimal path chaos to instabilities in the underlying quantum trajectories.
Imaging Heart Failure With Artificial Intelligence: Improving the Realism of Synthetic Wisdom.

See Article by Sanchez-Martinez et al The technological origami is unfolding before our eyes; each leaf that unfurls bestows us with new challenges and opportunities. During the last 2 decades, several modalities in cardiovascular imaging have evolved with the sheer number of parameters utilized in the assessment of cardiac function. Particularly, the assessment of cardiac motion and deformation from echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging creates a large volume of spatially and temporally diverse data. In the absence of suitable techniques, the majority of the data analysis currently is time constrained by graph-based assessments of spatially averaged functional data over a cardiac cycle. Computational modeling and the emerging algorithmic objectivity in machine learning can provide opportunities to resolve such dilemmas and minimize impediments that arise from high-dimensional imaging datasets. To this end, Sanchez-Martinez et al,1 in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , proposed the adoption of algorithmic objectivity to differentiate patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from those who suffered dyspnea from other causes. This work extends the potential approaches suggested in previous investigations toward automation and acceleration of complex pattern recognition using cardiac imaging data for disease phenotyping.2 Utilizing the data from MEDIA study (Metabolic Road to …
Equations of Motion in Accelerators

A typical accelerator uses a sequence of various types of magnets separated by sections of free space (so-called drifts) to control the motion of the particle beam. To specify the Hamiltonian ( 5.23) we need to know the vector potential, \(A_s\), for these magnets. We evaluate the fields and Hamiltonian for the major magnet types assuming that the field profiles are uniform over their length. Often in analysis and simulations, one has to take into account that at the end points of the magnets different field geometries appear, called fringe fields. The impact of these fields are usually treated as highly localized corrections which are calculated separately from the bulk of the magnet, and involve higher order terms that we will simply neglect in this chapter. When fringe fields are weak they can be treated as field errors, which are covered in Chap. 8.
Increasing IUD and Implant Use Among Those at Risk of a Subsequent Preterm Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Postpartum Contraceptive Counseling.

Abstract Objective To assess the impact of contraceptive counseling on the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), namely, intrauterine devices and the contraceptive implant, by 3 months postpartum among women with a recent preterm birth. Design We enrolled patients in a single-blinded, one-to-one, randomized, controlled trial to assess the impact of enhanced family planning counseling immediately after a viable preterm birth in the inpatient setting. Participants received either structured counseling with an emphasis on LARC by a family planning specialist (intervention) or routine postpartum care (control). We followed participants to the primary outcome of LARC use 3 months postpartum. Results We followed 121 participants for 3 months. Primary outcome data were available for 119 participants (61 intervention, 58 control). We found no demographic differences between the groups. Participants in the intervention group were significantly more likely to use LARC at 3 months postpartum compared with controls (51% vs. 31%; p Conclusions After a preterm birth, brief LARC-focused, structured counseling before hospital discharge significantly increased LARC method use at 3 months postpartum.
Ferroelectric Sensors and Actuators: Smart Ceramics

“Smart” materials have the ability to perform both sensing and actuating functions. Passively smart materials respond to external change in a useful manner without assistance, while actively smart materials have a feedback loop which allows them to both recognize the change and initiate an appropriate response through an actuator circuit.
Protrusive Activity of the Cell Surface and the Movements of Tissue Cells

Summary: The locomotion of the body’s component cells depends upon the formation of three classes of protrusions from the cell surface. These protrusions have been studied primarily in tissue culture, where they all form preferentially along the leading margins of crawling cells. They differ from one another in shape: flattened protrusions are called “lamellipodia” (or “ruffles”); rounded protrusions are called “lobopodia” (or “blebs”); while the third class consists of narrow, stiff rods called “filopodia” (or “microspikes”). These are actively pushed out from the cell surface, although some then form adhesions to the substratum or to other cells.
Energy Security Through Hydrogen

Energy and environmental security are major problems facing our global economy. Fossil fuels, particularly crude oil, are confined to a few regions of the world and the continuity of supply is governed by dynamic political, economic, and ecological factors. These factors conspire to force volatile, often high fuel prices while, at the same time, environmental policy is demanding a reduction in greenhouse gases and toxic emissions. A coherent energy strategy is required, addressing both energy supply and demand, taking account of the whole energy life cycle including fuel production, transmission and distribution, and energy conversion, and the impact on energy equipment manufacturers and the end-users of energy systems. In the short term, the aim should be to achieve higher energy efficiency and increased supply from local energy sources, in particular renewable energy sources. In the long term, a hydrogen-based economy will have an impact on all these sectors. In view of technological developments, vehicle and component manufacturers, transport providers, the energy industry, and even householders are seriously looking at alternative energy sources and fuels and more efficient and cleaner technologies – especially hydrogen and hydrogen-powered fuel cells. The Hydrogen Energy System has the best potential of becoming the energy system of the future. Hydrogen can be produced from sustainable, renewable sources and may contribute to meet the growth in world energy demand. For example, hydrogen is a carbon-free energy carrier. When hydrogen is used in fuel cells, there are no harmful emissions. The current production of hydrogen is estimated to be approximately 500 billion m/year, equivalent to 3.3 million barrels of oil per day. This is equivalent to approximately 10% of the energy currently used in the transportation sector. Today, hydrogen is mostly made by partial oxidation
Regularity Theory for Harmonic Maps

Suppose that Ω is an open subset of ℝ n , n ≥ 2, and that N is a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension m ≥ 2 which is isometrically embedded in some Euclidean space ℝ p . We look at maps u of Ω into N; such a map will always be thought of as a map u = (u1,…, u p ): Ω → ℝ p with the additional property that u(Ω) ⊂ N.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel trisubstituted ethylenes: 3. Alkoxy ring-substituted isopropyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates.

Novel trisubstituted ethylenes, alkoxy ring-substituted isopropyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH = C(CN)CO2CH(CH3)2 (where R is 2-methoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-ethoxy, 3-ethoxy, 4-ethoxy,...
What Is Mild Traumatic Brain Injury? Translational Definitions to Guide Translational Research

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a disorder that has gained increasing attention in the last several years because of its impact on professional sports and U.S. Servicemembers returning after deployment overseas. In fact, mTBI occurs in all segments of the population and has a significant impact on individuals over a wide range of ages who are injured in a variety of settings. In simplest terms, mTBI is just as the words describe, a brain injury that is mild and caused by trauma. It is essentially synonymous with a concussion. However, in modern usage the term mTBI has taken on more significance and has come to signify not only the injury but all of the associated signs and symptoms, whether physical, emotional, or psychosocial. Much of this new notoriety stems from the fact that the nosology of mTBI is ill defined and, despite a significant amount of study, mechanistic aspects of the disorder are poorly understood. The goal of this chapter is not so much to provide a precise definition but rather to explore how definitions affect the translational scientific approach to advancing diagnosis and care. The chapter appears first to set the tone for this entire volume. In practice the clinician looks at a patient who, after suffering a head injury, and appears “not quite right” (NQR). We ask researchers to figure out how to best diagnose and optimally treat this very heterogenous condition. We hope that this volume helps to focus the field on the task of better defining and treating patients who are NQR after a documented mild traumatic event.
Unintended Pregnancy among Pregnant Women in Ghana: Prevalence and Predictors.

Background. Unintended pregnancy is seen as the key concept for better understanding the fertility and the unmet need for family planning of populations. It is seen as a major challenge among women in many developing countries including Ghana. However, there is scarcely nationally representative information on its prevalence and predictors in Ghana. Methods. In a cross-sectional study design, data for this study were extracted from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The prevalence of unintended pregnancies was computed, and logit regression models were fitted to predict the factors influencing unintended pregnancies in the country. Results. The total prevalence of unintended pregnancies among pregnant women in Ghana was found to be 40%. Background characteristics such as age (OR=4.85, CI=1.48-15.84), level of education (OR=0.50, CI=0.26-1.01), marital status (OR=3.83, CI=1.67-8.75), parity (OR=0.13, CI=0.05-0.32), and region of residence (OR=0.11, CI=0.03-0.31) were the significant predictors of unintended pregnancy, net of unmet need for contraception. However, unmet need for contraception (OR=7.13, CI=1.57-8.91) serves as an independently significant predictor of unintended pregnancy regardless of the background characteristics of respondents. Conclusions. The study findings strongly underscore the need for significant improvement in the access to contraception methods and family planning information in the quest to considerably reduce unintended pregnancies in the entire country.
A Stochastic Expectation-Maximization Approach to Shuffled Linear Regression

We consider the problem of inference in a linear regression model in which the relative ordering of the input features and output labels is not known. Such datasets naturally arise from experiments in which the samples are shuffled or permuted during the protocol. In this work, we propose a framework that treats the unknown permutation as a latent variable. We maximize the likelihood of observations using a stochastic expectation-maximization (EM) approach. We compare this to the dominant approach in the literature, which corresponds to hard EM in our framework. We show on synthetic data that the stochastic EM algorithm we develop has several advantages, including lower parameter error, less sensitivity to the choice of initialization, and significantly better performance on datasets that are only partially shuffled. We conclude by performing two experiments on real datasets that have been partially shuffled, in which we show that the stochastic EM algorithm can recover the weights with modest error.
Review of Shakespeare’s Macbeth (directed by Robert Hastie for Shakespeare’s Globe) at the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, London, 10 January and 12 January (Matinée) 2019

Fresh off a smashing summer season at the outdoor Globe Theatre, artistic director Michelle Terry “moved Shakespeare indoors” – to paraphrase the title of Andrew Gurr and Farah Karim-Cooper’s impor...
Eccrine duct dilatation in neutrophilic scarring alopecias.

BACKGROUND Eccrine duct dilatation (EDD) has been noted to occur significantly more often in primary lymphocytic scarring alopecias compared with non-scarring alopecias, thus serving as a possible histopathologic marker for primary scarring alopecias with a lymphocytic infiltrate. This study aims to determine the presence and role of EDD in primary neutrophilic scarring alopecias. METHODS We performed a retrospective review comparing primary scarring alopecia (neutrophilic, n = 90; lymphocytic, n = 100) and non-scarring alopecia (n = 123) for presence of EDD, seen in Boston University School of Medicine between 2013 and 2017. RESULTS EDD was more commonly seen in primary neutrophilic scarring (62.2%, 56/90) and primary lymphocytic scarring alopecias (54.0%, 54/100) than in non-scarring alopecias (25.2%, 31/123) (P < 0.001). Albeit uncommon, non-scarring alopecias exhibited the biggest ratio of dilated eccrine duct lumen to background duct lumen (14.33), followed by lymphocytic (10.99) and neutrophilic scarring alopecias (6.66). CONCLUSION EDD is seen more frequently in primary scarring alopecias compared with non-scarring alopecias and usually found in sections containing inflammation and dermal fibrosis, serving as a possible histopathologic clue for a scarring process. Non-scarring alopecias have significantly fewer but considerably larger EDD which, may imply a different pathologic cause.
Rhetoric as a Posthuman Practice, by Casey Boyle

If you are like me, the most immediate reaction to Casey Boyle’s Rhetoric as a Posthuman Practice will be admiration for the depth of the scholarship. Boyle is impressively conversant in posthuman ...
The Fire This Time

You are so right when you say that Cambridge is no longer a sleepy fishing village. The black people has woke up and we intend to stay awoke [ sic ]. Black Action Federation, “Letter to the Editor,” July 26, 1967 In the wake of Gloria Richardson's departure, Cambridge's elite reaffirmed their belief that Cambridge was a progressive community whose racial peace temporarily had been upset by outside agitators and local malcontents. Buoyed by reports issued by outside agencies, most notably the “Miles Committee,” which recommended the removal of the National Guard – a recommendation the governor followed – local white leaders insisted that the turmoil of the previous few years would not return as long as Richardson and the agitators stayed away. Along the same lines, the editors of the Daily Banner congratulated the city for implementing the rest of the “Agreement,” which led to the building of some public housing units and the hiring of some blacks in the federally funded employment office. Newspaper editorials also juxtaposed the history of black representation on Cambridge's town council to developments in the Deep South, where white southern diehards viciously attacked civil rights marchers merely for trying to register to vote. Cambridge's gradual economic recovery allowed many white people to add that the unique conditions that had given rise to black discontent, specifically the collapse of the Phillips Packing Company, had been overcome and that better days, for all, lay ahead. Even some local civil rights activist shared this optimistic assessment. Commenting on the changing situation, Stanley Wise, SNCC's field worker in Cambridge, wrote: “If developments in Cambridge follow their present course, perhaps we can go back [to college] soon.” Steve Fraser, a participant in Mississippi Summer, showed up in Cambridge in 1965 expecting a hotbed of radicalism but instead found CNAC and remaining SNCC field representatives preoccupied with applying for federal grants and other bureaucratic tasks. Two years later, multiple news sources reported a similar scene. “Ask about racial demonstrations in Cambridge these days,” began an Associated Press story, “and you're likely to hear, instead, about the gleaming new housing development.” “Progress,” not strife, “is a favorite word.” The Maryland Interracial Relations Commission offered a similar assessment, asserting that the city had made progress in five crucial areas, including jobs and housing.
CO2 Laser Division of Neo-Vallecula Improves Dysphagia in the Postlaryngectomy Patient: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Objectives. To review the literature on neo-vallecula diagnosis and management and to report our findings regarding 3 patients who developed neo-vallecula in the context of free-flap pharyngeal reconstruction following total laryngectomy. Methods. This case series reports three patients who developed a neo-vallecula following a laryngectomy and free-flap pharyngeal reconstruction. All three patients were treated with a CO2 laser endoscopic procedure. Results. Neo-vallecula formation is thought to be related to tension on the neopharyngeal closure or closure technique following total laryngectomy. Diagnosis may be obtained with swallow studies, videofluoroscopy, or endoscopy. Treatment has included external excision and endoscopic procedures such as stapling, harmonic scalpel excision, and laser removal. We utilized an endoscopic approach entailing the use of a CO2 laser to divide the neo-vallecula, and all our patients reported improvement in their dysphagia. Conclusions. Treatment of an anterior neo-vallecula endoscopically using a CO2 laser is an effective way to treat dysphagia in patients following total laryngectomy with free-flap pharyngeal reconstruction.
Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Increasing Diversity and Community Participation to Achieve Environmental and Social Justice

Communities of color are disproportionately burdened by environmental pollution and by obstacles to influence policies that impact environmental health. Black, Hispanic, and Native American student...
Quantitative texture analysis of normal and abnormal lung tissue for low dose CT reconstruction using the tissue-specific texture prior

Screening is an effective way to detect lung cancer early and can improve the survival rate significantly. The low-dose computed tomography (LdCT) is demanding for lung screening to ensure the exam radiation as low as reasonably possible. The statistical image reconstruction has shown great advantages in LdCT imaging, where many types of priors can be used as constrain for optimal images. The tissue-specific Markov random field (MRF) type texture prior (MRFt) was proposed in our previous work to address the clinical related texture information. For the chest scans, four tissue texture were extracted from regions of lung, bone, fat and muscle respectively. In this work, we focus on the region of interest, i.e. lung for the lung cancer screening. The quantitative texture analysis of normal and abnormal lung tissue was performed to address the following issues of the proposed MRFt model: (1) a more comprehensive understanding of the lung tissue texture (2) what MRF prior we should use for the abnormal lung tissue. Experiments results showed that normal lung tissue has texture similarity among different subjects. The robust similarity among humans laid the feasibility of building the lung tissue database for the LdCT imaging which has no previous FdCT scans. Different abnormal lung tissue varies significantly. There is no way to get the prior knowledge of lung nodules until the CT exam was performed.
Machine Learning Steel Ms Temperature

Empirical equations, thermodynamics frameworks, and neural network modeling have been developed to predict steel martensite start temperature, Ms, but they might not tend to generalize well when co...
David Oliver: Has covid-19 shown society's disregard for old and sick people?

By 15 February, the UK had given first doses of covid-19 vaccine to more than 15 million people. It explicitly prioritised old, frail, and sick people because of their higher risk of death and serious illness from covid—leaving younger and fitter people waiting. Look beyond this decision, however, and the picture on discriminatory attitudes towards old, sick, or disabled people doesn’t look so good. Many people are unhappy about non-pharmaceutical preventive interventions for covid—travel and social distancing restrictions, shop and hospitality closures, masks, self-isolation, lockdowns. As livelihoods and industries are threatened, as daily life is disrupted and personal freedoms curtailed, this is understandable. A sceptic movement of people opposing such measures has grown, challenging the purported benefit and highlighting the potential harms to the economy, to health …
Modeling the role of duration in intensity increment detection

A tonal signal added in-phase to an ongoing tonal pedestal of the same frequency produces changes in both the energy at the frequency of the tone and the shape of the amplitude envelope of the pedestal (see Fig. 1). A variety of models based on combinations of these two cues were used here to predict performance 1) in a detection task where signals of various durations were presented in a quiet background, and 2) in a detection task where various amplitude-modulated maskers were presented as well.
Angiotensin-(1-7) administration benefits cardiac, renal and progenitor cell function in db/db mice.

Background and Purpose Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, in part due to inflammation and oxidative stress. These two pathological mechanisms also affect other organs and cells including the kidneys and progenitor cells. Angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)] has previously been shown to counterbalance pathological effects of angiotensin II, including inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term (2 weeks) Ang-(1–7) treatment on cardiovascular and renal function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db). Experimental Approach Eight- to nine-week-old db/db mice were administered either vehicle, Ang-(1–7) alone, or Ang-(1–7) combined with an inhibitor (losartan, PD123319, A-779, L-NAME or icatibant) daily for 14 days. Key Results An improvement in physiological heart function was observed in Ang-(1–7)-treated mice. Ang-(1–7) also reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration of the heart tissue and increased blood vessel number. These changes were blocked by antagonists of the MAS1, AT2 and bradykinin receptors and inhibition of NO formation. Treatment with Ang-(1–7) reduced glomerular damage and oxidative stress in kidney tissue. Bone marrow and circulating endothelial progenitors, as well as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, were increased in mice treated with Ang-(1–7). Conclusions and Implications Short-term Ang-(1–7) treatment of young db/db mice improved heart function and reduced kidney damage. Treatment also improved bone marrow and circulating levels of endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. All of this may contribute to improved cardiovascular and renal function.
Distribution: Movement of Drugs through the Body

Drug distribution refers to the reversible movement of drug from blood to various tissues of the body. Following entry into the systemic circulation, a drug distributes into different tissues, the rate and extent of which is dependent on the drug's physicochemical properties and the blood flow to the tissues. This article focuses on the various factors affecting drug distribution and the different approaches available to modify drug distribution. Keywords: distribution; drugs; systemic circulation; pegylation; prodrug
Advanced Leadership Note: An Institutional Perspective and Framework for Managing and Leading

Large-scale societal issues increasingly appear on the agenda of business leaders, including poverty, health, education, business-government relations, and the degradation of the environment. These problems are not entirely new, but the forces of globalization and the economic crisis have made them more visible and increase their urgency. They share several characteristics that signal the need for new kinds of societal leadership and academic scholarship. From the perspective of leadership, one common characteristic of these global problems is that they include both technical and political components. The political context surrounding any problem must be understood and managed, and a variety of institutions across sectors must be mobilized before technical solutions can be applied. Along similar lines, technical knowledge of solutions alone is not enough to scale successful demonstration projects that address these complex problems. That step involves resources and skills centered on forging appropriate systemic connections to effectively distribute solutions. Thus, these challenges cannot be dealt with by one profession or institution acting alone; indeed, effective action most often occurs at the intersections of professional and institutional fields. Holistic solutions, however, can be difficult to implement because of the complex interactions (or failures to interact) among many participants who deal with just one piece of an issue. Finally, solutions to these problems require concurrent actions at several system levels and/or among many stakeholders. This means that social capital as well as financial capital is required to forge relationships, influence opinion leaders and gatekeepers, and ensure cultural appropriateness.Learning Objective: Introduces framework for large scale institutional leadership & change.
Molecular Basis of Transient Repression of β-Galactosidase in Escherichia coli

Abstract The molecular basis of transient repression of β-galactosidase by glucose was examined. This repression acted only at the level of transcription. Apparently, it was not mediated by the I-gene product. Analysis of single cells in a culture subjected to transient repression showed that essentially all cells initially experienced repression and later became gradually resistant to repression.
Finite Number of Dimensions

Considering a Euclidean space of n dimensions, we have vectors q with coordinates qr (r = 1, 2,…, n). For the present we shall restrict the q’s to be real, so that the qr are real numbers. The vector q has the squared length qrqr, a summation being understood over r. We also write it as the scalar product (q, q).
A PASSIVE FIBER OPTIC NETWORK DESIGNED FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

This paper looks at automotive data communications trends, compares telecommunications, Local Area Network (LAN), and automotive network applications, and presents a passive star network developed for automotive network applications.
Survival of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus During Thermal Processing of Frankfurters, Summer Sausage, and Ham

Infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern for human health professionals around the world. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is just one of the resistant organisms of concern. MRSA prevalence has also been recently reported in retail meat products at rates higher than originally thought. Although the risk of contracting an infection from handling contaminated meat products is thought to be low, very little is known about this organism from a food safety perspective. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of MRSA during thermal processing of frankfurters, summer sausage, and boneless ham. Frankfurters, summer sausage, and boneless ham were manufactured using formulations and processing procedures developed at the Iowa State University meat laboratory. Thermal processing resulted in a significant log reduction (p<0.05) for boneless ham, summer sausage, and frankfurters when compared to uncooked, positive controls for each of the three processed meat products. All products were thermally processed to an internal temperature of 70°C and promptly cooled to 7.2°C. Boneless ham showed the highest log reduction (7.28 logs) from cooking, followed by summer sausage (6.75 logs) and frankfurters (5.53 logs). The results of this study indicate that thermal processing of ham, summer sausage, and frankfurters to 70°C is sufficient to reduce the risk of MRSA as a potential food safety hazard.
Pituitary gonadotropin responses to synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in patients with typical and atypical polycystic ovary disease.

Abstract Synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was administered intravenously to 17 women with polycystic ovary disease (PCO), 16 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA), and nine women with normal cycles. The serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at frequent intervals before and after LH-RH injection. The PCO patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups on the basis of ovarian morphology. The eight patients with large, “typical” PCO's (Type I) showed a greater LH response and a lower FSH response to LH-RH than did the nine patients with smaller, “atypical” PCO's (Type II). The LH response in Type I PCO was also greater than that in HA, but the FSH response in both types of PCO was significantly less than that in HA. The gonadotropin responses to LH-RH in Type I PCO were quite similar to those occurring in normal women during the two to three days preceding ovulation. The results suggest that excessive LH secretion and/or impaired FSH secretion may be etiologically significant in PCO but do not clearly differentiate whether the stimulus for this pattern of gonadotropin secretion occurs at the hypothalamic or pituitary level.
The Impact of Incremental Delivery on Maintenance Effort: An Analytical Study

Incremental delivery (ID) is a relatively new software development paradigm which advocates that systems be delivered to end-users in usable, useful, and semi-independent chunks (increments). ID differs from the traditional development paradigm, which we call monolithic development (MD), where a software system is considered as a monolithic, inseparable whole delivered as one unit. The purpose of this study is to compare the ID and MD approaches in terms of their maintenance costs through an analytical parametric study. The results of the study provide insight into how incremental delivery can be employed to reduce software maintenance effort and costs.
Coco Is a Dual Activity Modulator of TGFβ Signaling

The TGFβ signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of developmental processes and disease. The activity of TGFβ ligands is modulated by various families of soluble inhibitors that interfere with the interactions between ligands and receptors. In an unbiased, genome-wide RNAi screen to identify genes involved in ligand-dependent signaling, we unexpectedly identified the BMP/Activin/Nodal inhibitor Coco as an enhancer of TGFβ1 signaling. Coco synergizes with TGFβ1 in both cell culture and Xenopus explants. Molecularly, Coco binds to TGFβ1 and enhances TGFβ1 binding to its receptor Alk5. Thus, Coco acts as both an inhibitor and an enhancer of signaling depending on the ligand it binds. This finding raises the need for a global reconsideration of the molecular mechanisms regulating TGFβ signaling.