cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Resolution of the Intrinsic Tryptophan Residues of Bovine Protein Tyrosyl Phosphatase

Fluorescence steady-state and lifetime measurements have been performed that permit the differentiation of the 2 intrinsic tryptophan residues in bovine low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (BPTP). Spectral information was obtained by use of two single-tryptophan mutant proteins, W39F and W49F, and the double mutant protein W39,49F. Fluorescence measurements show that Trp39 is characterized by a large blue shift, a low quantum yield, and a shorter mean lifetime compared to Trp49. Solute fluorescence quenching studies of W39F reveal that Trp49 is highly exposed to the aqueous environment. In contrast, Trp39 is situated within a hydrophobic core and is only partially accessible to quenching agents such as acrylamide, iodide ion, and cesium ion. The fluorescence contributions of Trp39 and Trp49 are additive, and their sum is equivalent to that observed for wild type BPTP. Calculated intramolecular distances between Trp39 or Trp49 and a 5-[[(acetylamino)-ethyl]amino]naphthalene-1- sulfonate group covalently bound at Cys12 or Cys17 of the respective protein mutants, place Trp49 within 10 A and Trp39 at least 20 A from the active site. The fluorescence decay of the single tryptophan mutants and, surprisingly, wild type BPTP were each adequately fitted as biexponentials. The latter is a consequence of the imprecision involved in determining actual minima in a three- and four-exponential fitting. Comparison of quenching results of wild type BPTP with those of the single tryptophan mutant proteins indicates that minor fluorescence components, easily resolved using a biexponential fitting for the mutant proteins, are unresolvable for wild type BPTP. These minor components skewed the weighted magnitudes and induced perturbations in lifetimes for the tryptophan fluorescence of wild type BPTP, which directly influenced the calculated values of Ksv and kq.
DR-BB Rat Thymus Contains Thymocyte Populations Predisposed to Autoreactivity

We have induced autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in athymic WAG rats by transfusing thymocytes from histocompatible phenotypically normal rats of the DR-BB strain. DR-BB rats rarely develop spontaneous IDDM, but readily become hyperglycemic if depleted in vivo of regulatory T-cells that express the RT6.1 maturational alloantigen. Successful adoptive transfer of IDDM by DR-BB thymocytes required that the athymic recipients be depleted of emerging populations of donor-origin RT6.1 + T-cells. Thymocytes from both normal and RT6-depleted diabetic DR donors were equally capable of transferring autoimmunity. In contrast, thymocytes from normal histocompatible YOS rats failed to transfer IDDM. The autoreactive potential of DR-BB rat thymocytes was minimal from birth to 4 weeks of age and then increased substantially at 8–9 weeks of age. These results demonstrate that the DR-BB rat thymus harbors abnormal cell populations predisposed to autoreactivity. The data localize the developmental defect leading to diabetes in the BB rat to an abnormal intrathymic selection process.
Religious Intermarriage in the United States: Determinants and Trends

Abstract This article uses data from the 1987–1988 National Survey of Families and Households to study the determinants of religious intermarriage in the United States as well as changes over time in its prevalence. Separate logit regressions are estimated for exclusivist Protestant, ecumenical Protestant, and Catholic respondents. Variables identified as playing a role in the intermarriage decision include the proportion of coreligionists in the relevant marriage market, various proxies for religiosity and for commitment to the parental faith, education, a premarital pregnancy, and gender. The estimated effects are generally consistent with hypotheses derived from a model of religious intermarriage. The results also show that the prevalence of religious heterogamy has increased significantly over the past decades for Catholics and ecumenical Protestants. In sharp contrast, there has been no perceptible change in the probability of marrying outside the religion for exclusivist Protestants, a group which continues to display distinctive patterns of economic and demographic behavior.
61.1: Invited Paper: ZnO Thin Film Transistors and Circuits on Flexible Polymeric Substrates by Low‐Temperature PEALD

We report using a novel, weak oxidant, plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process at 200 °C to fabricate stable, high mobility ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) and fast circuits on glass and polyimide substrates. Weak oxidant PEALD provides a simple, fast deposition process that results in uniform, conformai semiconductor and dielectric layers and enhancement-mode MOSFETs from uncompensated films. Highly conformai PEALD Al2O3 layers provide a high yield dielectric on rough plastic substrates for both PEALD ZnO TFTs and cross-overs. Our PEALD ZnO TFTs have field-effect mobility of >20 cm2/V·s on polyimide substrates with excellent bias stress stability. TFTs biased continuously for 40,000s showed <50 mV threshold voltage shift. We also report fast PEALD ZnO circuits on polyimide substrates with propagation delay <20 ns/stage for VDD = 18 V.
Conditional MSE-based discrimination of the sample mean and the post-stratification estimator in population sampling

Whenever a random sample is drawn from a stratified population, the post-stratification estimator\(\tilde X\) usually is preferred to the sample mean\(\tilde X\), when the population mean is to be estimated. This is due to the fact that the variance of\(\tilde X\) is asymptotically smaller than that of\(\tilde X\), while both estimators are asymptotically unbiased. However, this only holds looking at post-stratification unconditionally, when strata sample sizes are random. Conditioned on the realized sample sizes, the MSE of\(\tilde X\) can be higher than that of\(\tilde X\) which means that\(\tilde X\) should be preferred to\(\tilde X\), even if it is biased. The conditional MSE difference of\(\tilde X\) and\(\tilde X\) is estimated, and using this estimation and its variance a heuristic test based on the Vysochanskii-Petunin inequality is derived.
Neurosarcoidosis as a Cause of Refractory Psychosis: A Complicated Case Report

T his report describes the psychiatric presentation and clinical course of a man who was eventually diagnosed with neurosarcoidosis. He presented with a past history of depressive symptoms and intermittent psychosis. His previous psychiatric diagnoses included schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and dementia. He had been hospitalized numerous times before the establishment of his diagnosis, with multiple unsuccessful attempts at psychiatric management of symptoms that included hallucinations, disorganization, and confusion. Sarcoidosis is a rare disorder (10.9– 35.5 cases per 100,000) and involves the central nervous system (CNS) in approximately 5% of cases. In addition to neurologic signs and symptoms, psychiatric presentations of neurosarcoidosis may include symptoms of delirium, dementia, depression, personality changes, and psychosis. Because CNS sarcoidosis is a treatable disease that may present with psychiatric symptoms, it is important that mental health professionals become aware of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of this disease. The complexity of this illness and difficulties in differential diagnosis are described in this report.
Reassuring or Risky: The Presentation of Seafood Safety in the Aftermath of the British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

The BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill was enormously newsworthy; coverage interlaced discussions of health, economic, and environmental impacts and risks. We analyzed 315 news articles that considered Gulf seafood safety from the year following the spill. We explored reporting trends, risk presentation, message source, stakeholder perspectives on safety, and framing of safety messages. Approximately one third of articles presented risk associated with seafood consumption as a standalone issue, rather than in conjunction with environmental or economic risks. Government sources were most frequent and their messages were largely framed as reassuring as to seafood safety. Discussions of prevention were limited to short-term, secondary prevention approaches. These data demonstrate a need for risk communication in news coverage of food safety that addresses the larger risk context, primary prevention, and structural causes of risk.
A spatial analysis of air transport access and the essential air service program in the United States

In the United States, the goal of essential air service (EAS) is to provide a minimum level of air transport service from smaller, often remote communities to the national network. While supporters of EAS tout the economic benefits of connecting rural and isolated communities, critics cite high costs, low use and antiquated eligibility requirements as factors which compromise the value of the program. In this paper, a comprehensive database of US airports is combined with network analysis techniques and a geographic information system to evaluate population access (at the census tract level) to EAS airports for 2006. Results suggest that redundant coverage of EAS market areas by alternative Federal Aviation Administration designated hub airports can contribute to EAS airport market leakage and that alternative definitions of EAS community eligibility have the potential to dramatically increase programmatic efficiency and reduce federal monies spent on EAS subsidies.
Rebel Organizations and Conflict Management in Post-Conflict Societies 1990–2009

How do the organizational features of rebel groups participating in civil wars affect the likelihood of the resumption of conflict after a civil war has ended? As many scholars have noted, peace duration is a function of the extent to which rebel groups stick to the deal. However, occasionally a rebel group fractures, and the conflict resumes as a result. Using a combination of existing data on civil conflicts and characteristics of the settlement agreement, along with original data on the characteristics of the insurgent organizations implementing the agreement, we test the effect of the organizational features of the rebel group on the duration of the peace settlements that occurred after the end of the cold war until 2009.
Multi-block mesh extrusion driven by a globally elliptic system

This paper investigates the possibility of using a boundary integral equation to facilitate the generation of multi-block grid systems about semi-complex geometries. The integral equation utilized is that for a source density distribution over the surface of the body about which the conforming grid system is sought. Advantages of and restrictions to the current method are discussed in relation with other gridding techniques. Sample grid systems are provided for several dissimilar geometric shapes which illustrate the quality and robustness of the present scheme. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed Stochastic Subgradient Projection Algorithms for Convex Optimization

We consider a distributed multi-agent network system where the goal is to minimize a sum of convex objective functions of the agents subject to a common convex constraint set. Each agent maintains an iterate sequence and communicates the iterates to its neighbors. Then, each agent combines weighted averages of the received iterates with its own iterate, and adjusts the iterate by using subgradient information (known with stochastic errors) of its own function and by projecting onto the constraint set.
Predicting the effect of oxidative doping on the conductivities of metal-tetrakis(dimethylphosphino)benzene coordination polymers from the electrochemical properties of their related bimetallic complexes

Abstract Intermetallic electronic coupling in 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(dimethylphosphino)benzene bridged bimetallic Ni, Pd and Pt complexes has been studied by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. These bimetallic complexes show minimal cross-ring metal-metal interactions. The observed oxidation potential for the monometallic NiII complex is similar to that of its bimolecular analog, but substantial shifts from the monometallic complexes are observed for the PdII and PtII complexes. The very low conductivities observed in the metal-phosphine coordination polymers (MNiII, PdII, PtII) and their partially-oxidized (p-doped) analogs are consistent with the minimal coupling observed in the bimetallic complexes.
Vapor-liquid phase equilibrium in random microporous matrices

The theory developed by Madden and Glandt [J. Stat. Phys. 51, 537 (1988)] for fluids in disordered microporous matrices is extended. A perturbation theory approach is used to obtain the free energy of the confined fluid, with the interparticle potential as the perturbation variable. The theory is combined with a mean-field approximation and applied to a system of square-well particles for which vapor-liquid coexistence envelopes are obtained. The effects of matrix density on the coexistence properties are explored, and a comparison is done with previous experiment and lattice modeling.
Simulating droplet dynamics during evaporation-driven self-assembly

A modeling methodology based on the coupling of free surface energy minimization techniques and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling has been developed for simulating the macro-regime of evaporation-driven self-assembly processes; specifically, those processes that use lithographically defined features to precisely direct the self-assembly of particles on a substrate. Because surface tension dominates the gravitational, inertial, and viscous forces acting on the droplet, the shape of the droplet is determined as a function of its volume and pinning geometry by minimizing its surface energy. The evolution of droplet shape during evaporation is used to define the deforming control volume, over which the governing partial differential equations for conservation of mass, momentum, and particle concentration are solved. By decoupling the free surface and the flow models, a diverse range of problems can be investigated. The macro-scale model is envisioned as one part of a hierarchical model that can be used to study the entire lithographically-directed, evaporation-driven self-assembly process.
Models of basalt petrogenesis: Lower Keweenawan diabase dikes and middle Keweenawan Portage Lake Lavas, upper Michigan

Lower Keweenawan diabase dikes from Marquette-Baraga Counties, and middle Keweenawan Portage Lake Lavas from upper Michigan, can each be subdivided into two chemically distinct groups: a low TiO2-P2O5 group characterized by higher A12O3 content, higher Mg ratio, and lower total Fe and REE abundances than a high TiO2-P2O5 group. Both groups, which are indistinguishable in the field, are enriched in the LREE relative to the HREE, and have similar normalized REE abundance patterns.
Ramipril prevents hypersensitivity to phenylephrine in aorta from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Summary This study investigated the protective effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on endothelium-dependent responses in arteries from control (CON) and streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) there is an endothelium-dependent component to the increased alpha-adrenergic responsiveness characteristic of diabetes; 2) endothelium-dependent, acetylcholine-induced relaxation is attenuated in aorta from diabetic rats; and 3) ramipril (3 mg/kg daily in the food, 12-15 weeks) will prevent functional vascular changes in diabetic rats. Vascular function was assessed in aortic rings using standard muscle bath procedures for measurement of isometric force. Sensitivity to phenylephrine was increased in aortic rings from diabetic compared to control values [pD2 values (-log EDs0): CON = 6.22 + 0.12, STZ = 7.54 + 0.11), and removal of the endothelium (-Endo) increased phenylephrine sensitivity (CON-Endo = 7.40 + 0.11, STZEndo = 8.32 + 0.18). The magnitude of the shift in responsiveness following endothelium removal was greatest in control rats. Ramipril treatment (Ram) partially normalized phenylephrine responsiveness in intact (STZ + Ram = 6.55 + 0.11) and denuded (STZEndo + Ram = 7.75 + 0.10) vessels. Vasodilatation to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin was not altered in diabetic rats nor was it affected by ramipril treatment. Diabetes increases contractile sensitivity to phenylephrine but not to vasodilators and chronic ramipril treatment prevents this increase in contractile sensitivity. Ramipril treatment did not alter the hyperglycaemic condition induced by streptozotocin. The changes in phenylephrine sensitivity appear to involve an endothelial and a smooth muscle component. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 664-670]
Recursive partitioning analysis of pretreatment variables of 416 patients with locoregional esophageal cancer treated with definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy on Intergroup and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trials

Abstract Purpose To analyze the relative contributions of uniformly collected pretreatment patient- and tumor-related variables to survival and to identify the terminal nodes via recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) that could be used as a stratification variable for future Phase III trials. Methods and materials From two Intergroup trials (85-01, n = 130; and 94-05, n = 218) and one Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial (92-07, n = 68), we identified 416 patients who were treated with definitive concomitant cisplatin and 5-FU–based chemoradiotherapy and analyzed their data for survival by RPA to define prognostic classes. The following pretreatment factors were evaluated: histologic type, age, weight loss, Karnofsky performance status, gender, race, T stage, tumor location, tumor size, N stage, and degree of dysphagia. The entire data set was considered as the initial node. The criterion for split points was the smallest p value less than unadjusted 0.05. Results Of the 416 patients, 336 (81%) were dead at the time of the analysis. The RPA identified only one significant split: pretreatment weight loss in the prior 6 months of Conclusion Unlike our experience with malignant glioma, brain metastases, and locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer, RPA failed to identify novel prognostic information that could be incorporated into the stratification scheme of future chemoradiotherapy trials for esophageal cancer. Furthermore, our analysis validated the percentage of weight loss as a stratification variable for esophageal cancer.
Factors related to successful retention in methadone maintenance: A review

This paper discusses patient demographic and psychological characteristics as predisposing factors, and dose size and availability of alternative treatment systems as treatment variables in determining length of stay at MMTPs. In general, there is considerable evidence that predisposing factors and treatment variables interact in affecting retention rates. The implications of this interaction for research in MMTP effectiveness are discussed.
CXCR2- and E-selectin-induced neutrophil arrest during inflammation in vivo.

The signaling events leading to the activation of integrins and firm arrest of rolling neutrophils in inflamed venules have yet to be elucidated. In vitro assays suggest that both E-selectin and chemokines can trigger arrest of rolling neutrophils, but E-selectin−/− mice have normal levels of adherent neutrophils in inflamed venules. To test whether chemokine-induced neutrophil arrest in vivo can be unmasked by blocking E-selectin, we investigated neutrophil adhesion in inflamed cremaster muscle venules in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α–treated CXCR2−/− or wild-type (WT) mice injected with E-selectin blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9A9. To block chemokine receptor signaling, we investigated E-selectin−/− or WT mice treated with pertussis toxin (PTx) intravenously. Neutrophil adhesion was unchanged in CXCR2−/−, E-selectin−/−, PTx-treated WT, or mAb 9A9–treated WT mice. However, TNF-α–induced neutrophil adhesion was almost completely abrogated in E-selectin−/− mice treated with PTx and significantly reduced in CXCR2−/− mice treated with the E-selectin blocking mAb. In thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, PTx treatment blocked neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneum of E-selectin−/− mice, but had only a partial effect in WT animals. These data show that E-selectin– and chemokine-mediated arrest mechanisms are overlapping in this model and identify CXCR2 as an important neutrophil arrest chemokine in vivo.
Coronary artery bypass grafts: how many? What kind?

With the passage of time and with increasing operative experience, refinements of the original techniques for coronary artery bypass grafting described by Favaloro, Johnson, Green, and their associates are being reported. This issue of The Annals contains two articles pertaining to some of the currently utilized techniques. Bigelow and his associates (p 507) report the long-term follow-up of a group of patients, initially described by Bartley and co-workers [21, who received multiple sequential aortocoronary anastomoses to single venous grafts. Patency rates two years postoperatively for 18 of these sequential grafts exceeded those observed in patients receiving individual grafts during the same interval. Late patency rates for sequential grafts equal to or exceeding those for single grafts have been noted in other series as well [3, 133. Bigelow and colleagues conclude that the problem of closure of an entire graft system (observed in 7 of 122 grafts) is outweighed by the better patency rates and decreased operating time achieved with this technique. While the demonstration of adequate patency rates cannot be disputed, theoretical objections to the use of single venous grafts sequentially anastomosed to the major coronary arterial branches remain. These include: (1) the potential for a catastrophic event if occlusion of the entire graft occurs, (2) the possibility for a ”steal” phenomenon if occlusion or stenosis of the segment of graft adjacent to the aorta develops, and (3) the long-term performance of these grafts. Bigelow’s group has documented total occlusion of 7 sequential grafts (4 by angiography and 3 at postmortem examination). At least 2 of 5 patients dying of probable myocardial infarction and 1 of 4 dying of progressive heart failure had complete occlusion of the
A Comparison of Computer-Based Versus Pencil-and-Paper Assessment of Drug Use

Objective: This randomized trial explores whether client responses to a structured interview differed when the interview was administered using a paper instrument or a computer. Method: 100 clients in substance abuse treatment were randomly assigned to undergo a comprehensive clinical assessment by either standard pencil-and-paper interview or computer-assisted interview. The reported use of drugs and incidence of drug-related problems were compared across the two types of administration using ANOVA, independent sample t tests, and chi-square statistics. The difference in the effect of the computerized interview on clients with and without pending legal issues was also evaluated. Results: In general, clients provided the same responses to standard pencil-and-paper interviews and computer-assisted interviews. Having pending legal issues did not affect the client’s sensitivity to the computer-assisted interview. Conclusion: We found no evidence that the use of computerized clinical assessments by social wor...
Preliminary survey of the solar reflectance of cool roofing materials

Abstract Air-conditioning energy savings and improved comfort in hot climates can be obtained with the use of roofing materials that reflect solar radiation. Available quantitative information on the solar reflectance of most roofing materials is insufficient, so it is difficult for building designers to choose cool materials. Here we report quantitative values of solar reflectance for a few types of materials and discuss which material properties, such as composition, roughness, purity, etc., affect the solar reflectance. Outdoor temperature measurements on materials in sunlight are used to illustrate the strong correlation of roof temperature with solar absorptance, and further, to demonstrate the effects of infrared emittance and convection.
Pitfalls and recommendations regarding the management of acute pain among hospitalized patients with dementia.

Objective. Older adults with dementia are frequently hospitalized, and a substantial minority present with (or develop) pain during hospitalization. Although general pain management guidelines are available, care can prove challenging in the setting of dementia. The purposes of this study were to review cases of older demented adults with pain admitted to an inpatient geriatric medicine service, and to identify difficulties in their management, which arise as a consequence of patients’ dementia. Design. Case series. Setting. An urban tertiary care hospital located in New York City. Patients. Adults aged 70 years and older with dementia and pain. Results. Patients with dementia and pain may be 1) unable to describe the qualitative characteristics and associated features of their pain; 2) less able than cognitively intact older adults to alert their care providers to the presence of side effects from pain medicines; and 3) unable to discern variations in the level of pain or compare their current pain to their experience of the day or hours before. These deficits can lead to a delayed or incorrect diagnosis, suffering due to side effects, and overtreatment, which can lead to complications like delirium, bowel problems, and prolong length of stay. Conclusions. The cases presented herein highlight the need to conduct a thorough cognitive assessment of all older hospitalized patients with pain prior to implementing pain medicines. Research is needed to develop effective strategies for managing pain among demented elders in the acute-care setting.
Intrathoracic Manifestations of Degos' Disease (Malignant Atrophic Papulosis)

Degos' disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) is a rare multisystemic disease with characteristic cutaneous lesions, abdominal symptoms and often rapidly fatal course. Our review of the reported intrathoracic involvement in the more than 60 reported cases of Degos' disease suggests that pleuritis and pericarditis are manifestations of the underlying pathophysiologic process. Seventeen of these reported cases were said to have intrathoracic lesions, which were, in most cases, incidental findings at autopsy. We present an illustrative report of a case in which chronic pleuritis and pericarditis were the major causes of morbidity in a 32-year-old woman with Degos' disease.
Fabrication and Experimental Testing of Individual Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (CNT) based Infrared Sensors

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a potential to be efficient infrared (IR) detection materials due to their unique electronic properties. Since carbon nanotube films lose special properties of CNTs and increase noises, a single CNT is preferred for building infrared sensors. Although some experimental progress toward individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based IR sensor has been reported, several difficulties hindered the further development of individual CNT based IR sensors. Firstly, there is no a reliable and efficient way to reproducibly fabricate individual CNT based sensors up to now. In this paper, an automated dielectrophoresis deposition system is used to deposit CNTs around the electrodes, and then an Atomic Force Microscopy based nanomanipulation system is used to position an individual CNT onto the electrodes. Since this process is controllable and reliable, it becomes possible to fabricate an individual CNT based sensor array, which is difficult to make with other fabrication method. Secondly, since it is very difficult to control the diameter of the SWNTs during production process, it is difficult to get a SWNT based infrared sensor with expected bandgap. To solve this problem, the electronic breakdown technique is used to tune the semiconducting properties of a single multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT). The diameter of a single MWNT can be modified by electrical breakdown of outer layer of nanotube walls. Thirdly, SWNT has a low quantum efficiency (~ 0.02-0.1) due to its thin diameter and short absorption depth. In this paper, a single MWNT based infrared sensor is fabricated and tested. It shows a higher quantum efficiency (~ 0.3) than the SWNT based infrared sensors.
The photochemistry of pyrene-cytosine conjugates : modelling the carcinogenic action of aromatic hydrocarbons

Photoreduction, but not the corresponding photooxidation, of cytosine can be sensitized by a covalently appended pyrene molecule in a process that may have some importance for understanding the known carcinogenic activity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Classical conditioning modifies cytochrome oxidase activity in the auditory system

The effects of excitatory classical conditioning on cytochrome oxidase activity in the central auditory system were investigated using quantitative histochemistry. Rats in the conditioned group were trained with consistent pairings of a compound conditional stimulus (a tone and a light) with a mild footshock, to elicit conditioned suppression of drinking. Rats in the pseudorandom group were exposed to pseudorandom presentations of the same tone, light and shock stimuli without consistent pairings. Untrained rats in a naive group did not receive presentations of the experimental stimuli. The findings demonstrated that auditory fear conditioning modifies the metabolic neuronal responses of the auditory system, supporting the hypothesis that sensory neurons are responsive to behavioural stimulus properties acquired by learning. There was a clear distinction between thalamocortical and lower divisions of the auditory system based on the differences in metabolic activity evoked by classical conditioning, which lead to an overt learned behavioural response versus pseudorandom stimulus presentations, which lead to behavioural habituation. Increases in cytochrome oxidase activity indicated that tone processing is enhanced during associative conditioning at upper auditory structures (medial geniculate nucleus and secondary auditory cortices). In contrast, metabolic activation of lower auditory structures (cochlear nuclei and inferior colliculus) in response to the pseudorandom presentation of the experimental stimuli suggest that these areas may be activated during habituation to tone stimuli. Together these findings show that mapping the metabolic activity of cytochrome oxidase with quantitative histochemistry can be successfully used to map regional long-lasting effects of learning on brain systems.
Memory controller policies for DRAM power management

The increasing importance of energy efficiency has produced a multitude of hardware devices with various power management features. This paper investigates memory controller policies for manipulating DRAM power states in cache-based systems. We develop an analytic model that approximates the idle time of DRAM chips using an exponential distribution, and validate our model against trace-driven simulations. Our results show that, for our benchmarks, the simple policy of immediately transitioning a DRAM chip to a lower power state when it becomes idle is superior to more sophisticated policies that try to predict DRAM chip idle time.
RANKing the importance of measles virus in Paget's disease

report that erythroid cells from patients with Paget’s disease express viral mRNA (2), along with the delayed and unpredictable expression of the phenotype, suggests that some generally quiescent hematopoietic stem cell serves as the primary host for viral infection. However, the presence of viral mRNA in mesenchymal cells in bone (3) raises the possibility that nonhematopoietic cells also play a role in the disease.
Changes in Pyruvate Metabolism Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Are Linked to DNA Damage and Serve as a Sensor of Temozolomide Response in Glioblastoma Cells

Recent findings show that exposure to temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA damaging drug used to treat glioblastoma, can suppress the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. To understand the mechanistic basis for this effect and its potential utility as a TMZ response biomarker, we compared the response of isogenic glioblastoma cell populations differing only in expression of the DNA repair protein MGMT, a TMZ-sensitivity determinant, after exposure to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]-pyruvate-based magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor temporal effects on pyruvate metabolism in parallel with DNA damage responses and tumor cell growth. TMZ exposure decreased conversion of pyruvate to lactate only in MGMT-deficient cells. This effect coincided temporally with TMZ-induced increases in levels of the DNA damage response protein pChk1. Changes in pyruvate to lactate conversion triggered by TMZ preceded tumor growth suppression and were not associated with changes in levels of NADH or lactate dehydrogenase activity in tumors. Instead, they were associated with a TMZ-induced decrease in the expression and activity of pyruvate kinase PKM2, a glycolytic enzyme that indirectly controls pyruvate metabolism. PKM2 silencing decreased pyruvate kinase activity, intracellular lactate levels, and conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the same manner as TMZ, and Chk1 silencing blocked the TMZ-induced decrease in PKM2 expression. Overall, our findings showed how TMZ-induced DNA damage is linked through PKM2 to changes in pyruvate metabolism, and how these changes can be exploited by magnetic resonance imaging methods as an early sensor of TMZ therapeutic response.
Concerning the extent of nucleophilic participation in solvolyses of glucopyranosyl derivatives

The specific rates of solvolysis of 2-deoxy-α- and -β-D-glucopyranosyl-4′-bromoisoquinolinium ions (1 and 2) give excellent correlations in a Grunwald–Winstein equation approach for solvents with NT values more positive than −1.4; the sensitivity to changes in NT value is considerably reduced in less nucleophilic solvents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum cholesterol esterification in species resistant and susceptible to atherosclerosis.

Abstract Initial rates of cholesterol esterification were measured in rat, rabbit, pig, dog, guinea pig and human serum. The data indicate a tendency for the rate of esterification to increase with serum free cholesterol levels in all species. The fractional rate of esterification ( % cholesterol esterified/min) for the species in decreasing order are rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, pig and man.
WorldSens: system tools for embedded sensor networks

In this article, we present worldsens, a fast and accurate development framework for sensor network applications. In order to deploy such applications, we design and implement worldsens, an integrated platform for the design, development, performance evaluation and profiling of embedded sensor network applications. It relies on two softwares: WSNet and WSim, which are used throughout the application design and implementation, from the high level design choices to the implementation validation. WSNet is a modular event-driven wireless network simulator that can be used for high-level or low-level design while WSim is a full platform hardware simulator which takes the target binary code as input and uses instruction cycles as time reference. WSNet and WSim can be used in conjunction to offer a sensor network distributed simulation with instruction and radio byte accuracy.
Codependence and Interdependence: Cross-Cultural Reappraisal of Boundaries and Relationality

This article explores the cross-cultural implications of the Western notion of “boundaries” and the Asian matrix of “relationality” for pastoral care ministry. Theorists of codependence (relationship addiction) show that American awareness of boundaries produces phobic attitudes toward the interwoven interplay of human relationships. Noting the underlying American cultural ideal (i.e., individual autonomy), evidences that boundaries are culturally defined are reviewed. Drawing upon the social-psychological concept of interdependence (Asian construal of self), the author proposes that there is a need for a different understanding of “boundaries,” since some Asian people have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the two. Boundaries and relationality need to be in dialogue with each other so as to create “relational boundaries” that empower mutual relations within which we may come to experience the power of the relational, triune God.
Observations on the Disappearance of Shed Caribou Antlers

The object of this report is to record the disappearance of shed antlers from a section of tundra along the Hudson Bay Railroad south of Churchill, Manitoba, between August, 1951, and August, 1955. Secondarily, I wish to relate these observations with those presented in a recent paper on the Barren Ground Caribou ( Rangifer arcticus arcticus ) by Harper (1955). This writer (p. 50) makes the following remarks: “According to Charles Schweder, the old antlers left at the river crossings from bygone days are superior in size to those of the present day. He himself has never secured a set of antlers equal to one (fig. 25) lying on the shore of Simons' Lake; it may have been there for 20 or 30 years prior to 1947.” Shed caribou anders remaining untouched on the ground for more than a few years seems to be the exception rather than the rule. Millais (1907:321) states of the Newfoundland caribou: “The females chew the points of every old horn they come across.” Hamilton (1939:80) supports this with the comment: “Caribou chew and partially eat their freshly fallen antlers.” In Banfield's recent report on caribou (1954, part 11:13) he has a short but precise statement which reads, “Discarded antlers are avidly chewed during the winter months,” Thus it appears that the caribou themselves rid the countryside of fallen antlers, and in all probability those antlers from shot …
Effect of insulin upon thyroxine secretion rate of female rats.

SummaryA group of 47 virgin female rats had a mean TSR of 0.99 ± 0.03 μg/100 g bw/day. The 23 rats treated with 3 units of insulin for 10 days prior to and during the period of estimation had a mean TSR of 1.22 ± 0.06 μg/100 g bw/day, significant increase of 20% over the previous TSR of the same animals. In a second group (II), insulin was injected for 10 days, then withdrawn during the 8 to 14 days required to determine TSR. In this group, the increased TSR observed in Group I was maintained.
Impact of Military Base Shut-Downs

(1973). Impact of Military Base Shut-Downs. The Black Scholar: Vol. 5, Black Soldier II, pp. 9-15.
C-banding analyses and the evolution of heterochromatin among arvicolid rodents

Development of the C-banding procedure has enabled identification of the amount and location of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) in the karyotypes of many species. One group of mammals that has received considerable attention in this regard is the rodents. C-band data are currently available for species belonging to a number of rodent groups including the following familiar ones: sciurids, geomyids, heteromyids, New World cricetids, Old World cricetids, Eurasian murids, Australian murids and octodontids. Patton and Sherwood (1983) summarized chromosomal evolution among rodents and indicated that the following four categories of C-band variation have been observed: (a) differences in the amount of centromeric heterochromatin, (b) variability in the number of autosomal heterochromatic short arms, (c) presence or absence of telomeric or interstitial autosomal C-bands, and (d) variation in sex chromosome heterochromatin. The family Arvicolidae (voles, lemmings, and muskrats) is taxonomically diverse, containing more than 120 species. This group occurs in the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia, includes species that occupy a wide array of habitats, and has attracted considerable interest from classical taxonomists, population biologists, and behaviorists. However, the approximately 40 species of New World arvicolids have received little attention from comparative cytogeneticists utilizing differential staining procedures. Detailed banding data have been reported for fewer than 15 species (Judd, 1980; Judd et al., 1980; Modi, 1986; Nadler et al., 1976; Rausch and Rausch, 1975; Zenzes and Voiculescu, 1975) and no comprehensive statements regarding chromosomal evolution have been made. This report presents C-banded karyotypes for 17 North American species. These data are tabulated along with information from the literature concerning additional New World and Old World species, and are discussed with respect to the chromosomal distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, euchromatic rearrangements, and interspecific C-band differences.
Reversed anion selectivity in cultured cystic fibrosis sweat duct cells

The human genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by defective epithelial Cl- conductance (GCl). To distinguish the CF-affected GCl from other Cl- channels, we have studied the properties of GCl in normal and CF cells grown from explanted reabsorptive sweat ducts (RD). The cultured cells from normal subjects retained some of the typical duct cell properties. The Na+ conductance inhibitor amiloride hyperpolarized intracellular potentials (Vm) by 10.4 +/- 1.6 mV (n = 12). Substitution of gluconate for Cl- depolarized Vm by 15.5 +/- 1.1 mV (n = 33). The apparent GCl (G'Cl) of normal cells was sensitive to adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (forskolin, 10(-6) M), as evidenced by a significant increase (63%, n = 9) in the Cl- gradient induced depolarization, and more selective for Cl- than I- (substitution of Cl- by I- depolarized Vm by 6.3 +/- 0.3 mV, n = 49). Although the cells from CF subjects were statistically indistinguishable from normal cells based on Vm (-18.5 +/- 1.2 mV, n = 49 vs. -2...
Abstract 4196: Neuregulin signaling in development and transformation of the luminal breast epithelium

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA ErbB3 and ErbB4 are members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) that can be activated by neuregulins (NRGs) and as a result are often referred to as the neuregulin receptors. The neuregulin receptors are required for growth and survival of the ductal and alveolar luminal epithelium. We have recently shown that ErbB3 is required for survival and growth of the ductal luminal epithelium and to maintain the balance of differentiated epithelial cell types in the mammary gland, which is consistent with the fact the ErbB3 expression is highest in the ductal luminal epithelium and in luminal progenitor populations of the mouse and human mammary glands. ErbB4, is also required for growth in the luminal mammary epithelium, but not within the ductal luminal population, rather in the alveolar luminal population. In addition to neuregulin receptor signaling in development, ErbB3 and ErbB4 expression has been found to be at the highest levels in luminal breast cancers compared to other molecular breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, human luminal breast cancer cell lines also express higher levels of ErbB3 and ErbB4 than cell lines derived from other molecular breast cancer subtypes. Since both ErbB3 and ErbB4 are capable of binding to neuregulin ligands and heterodimerizing with other ErbB family members, there is evidence that ErbB4 may compensate for loss of ErbB3, and vice versa. Thus, our goal is to understand how combined loss of ErbB3 and ErbB4 impact the normal luminal cell populations and the transformed cell populations of the breast epithelium. We hypothesize that loss of ErbB3 and ErbB4 will decrease cellular growth and survival during development and in our mouse models of breast cancer. Early studies demonstrate conditional loss of ErbB3fl/fl and ErbB4fl/fl independently and in combination decrease pup weights compared to control mice and demonstrate reduced epithelium/alveolar cell expansion in whole mount and histology analysis. In addition, early analysis of ErbB3fl/fl, ErbB4fl/fl ErbB3fl/fl/ErbB4fl/fl crossed to the p110 inducible mouse model of breast cancer are trending to a delay in tumor onset. Molecular analysis demonstrates a reduction in Pi3K/Akt signaling and Jak/Stat signaling in ErbB3fl/fl and ErbB4fl/fl respectively, with ongoing studies currently underway to analyze signaling in ErbB3fl/fl/ErbB4fl/fl mice in development. Citation Format: David B. Vaught, Donna Hicks, Violeta Sanchez, Rebecca Cook. Neuregulin signaling in development and transformation of the luminal breast epithelium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4196. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4196
Single-phase and Three-phase Energy Meter Research and Application of Automated Verification System

A long time,the energy certification of measuring instruments are used manually,low efficiency,high cost,and is closely related to test quality and technical level of the staff,it is difficult to ensure that the test standards and test results,it is difficult to meet the requirements of the State Grid Corporation of.To solve these problems,Tianjin Electric Power Company has developed Single-phase and Three-phase energy meter automated verification system,to eliminate the test quality differences caused by man-made and geographical factors,verification,distribution,efficiency and management level,and enhance the control and influence of the measurement work.
208 THE INCIDENCE OF TWINNING IN FAMILIES OF HEMANGIOMA PATIENTS.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation, if any, between the incidence of hemangiomas and the incidence of twinning in families of hemangioma patients. In addition, we would like to investigate at which order of family relation there is an increased incidence of twinning, if any. Methods A series of patients who received surgical treatment for hemangioma by Dr. John Reinisch at Children9s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) between 2003-2005 were identified. These patients were contacted by the investigators and asked questions regarding the incidence of twinning in their families and where in the family tree the twins occurred. Consequently, the patient was asked to provide a control family to answer the same questions regarding the incidence of twinning in their family and where in the family tree twinning occurred. The degree of family tree was calculated. The relative rates of incidence of twinning in the hemangioma patient population and the control group were calculated and compared. Results A total of 164 hemangioma excisions on 154 patients were performed between 2003-2005 by Dr. John Reinisch at CHLA. Of these, 87 patients were successfully contacted and of these, 86 agreed to participate in the survey. The hemangioma population has a 61% (52/86) occurrence of twinning in their families. Of these, 23% (12/52) of patients were twins, 2% (1/52) occurred at the first order, 15% (8/52) at the second order, 19% (10/52) at the third order, 17% (9/52) at the fourth order, and 25% (13/52) at a higher order of family relation. A total of 42 of control subjects were identified. Twelve control subjects were contacted, who all agreed to participate in the study. The control population has a 58% (7/12) occurrence of twins in their families. Of these, 25% (3/12) of the control subjects were twins, no twins occurred in the first order, 8% (1/12) at the second order, no twins at the third order, 17% (2/12) at the fourth order, and 8% (1/12) at higher order of family relation. Further investigation is pending. Conclusion Based on preliminary results, there is an increase in the incidence of twinning in families of hemangioma patients versus a control group, although it is not statistically significant. Additionally, there is an increase of twinning in the first, second, and third order family relation in the hemangioma patient population. Further investigation is pending.