cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using moderate inversion to optimize voltage gain, thermal noise, and settling time in two-stage CMOS amplifiers

This paper describes the use of moderate inversion for selected MOS transistors in a two-stage CMOS amplifier to achieve high voltage gain, low thermal noise, and fast settling time at minimum power consumption. A detailed circuit analysis, implemented in a MATLAB design tool, is presented to find the optimal inversion level for MOS transistors. The analysis and design tool are illustrated for a fully differential, two-stage, 0.5-µm CMOS amplifier having voltage gain > 80 dB, input-referred thermal noise voltage &#60; 6 nV/Hz1/2, gain bandwidth of 100 MHz, phase margin of 58°, and 0.1% settling time &#60; 15 ns for load capacitances of 6 pF and a supply voltage of 2.5 V. SPICE simulation results confirm that these specifications are achieved at a minimum supply current of 2.42 mA by operating first- and second-stage input transistors in moderate inversion compared to 3.82 mA for operation in strong inversion, resulting in a 37% decrease in power consumption.
Upregulation of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and IRAK-2 Expression During ML-1 Cell Differentiation to Macrophages: Role in the Potentiation of Cellular Responses to LPS and LTA

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induces the differentiation of human myeloid ML-1 cells to macrophages. In the current study, the expression, responsiveness, and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in TPA-induced ML-1-derived macrophages were investigated. We have found that TPA-induced differentiation of ML-1 cells was accompanied by the upregulation of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, TLR1 and TLR4 protein expression on ML-1 cells could be blocked by pretreatment with U0126, suggesting the role of an Erk1/2-induced differentiation signal in this process. In addition, the expression of IRAK-2, a key member of the TLR/IRAK-2/NF-κB-dependent signaling cascade was also induced in response to TPA. Accordingly, we demonstrated an increased cellular release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and various interleukins) upon stimulation with LPS and LTA ligands for TLR4 and TLR2, respectively. Furthermore, using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, addition of LPS and LTA induces a sustained DPI-inhibitable generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the differentiated ML-1 cells. Together, these data suggest that the increase in the responsiveness of TPA-treated ML-1 cells to LPS and LTA occurs in response to the upregulation of their respective receptors as well as an induction of the IRAK-2 gene expression.
DC and high-frequency characteristics of GaN-based IMPATTs

The dynamic characteristics of wurtzite (Wz) phase and zincblende (Znb) phase GaN IMPATTs are reported at D-band and compared with Si and GaAs-based IMPATT devices at the same operating conditions and frequency of operation. It is shown that GaN-based IMPATTs are potential candidates for replacing traditional IMPATTs at high frequency of operation.
The inverse relationship between food price and energy density: is it spurious?

Objective An important debate in the literature is whether or not higher energy-dense foods are cheaper than less energy-dense foods. The present communication develops and applies an easy statistical test to determine if the relationship between food price and energy density is an artifact of how the data units are constructed (i.e. is it ‘spurious’ or ‘real’?). Design After matching data on 4430 different foods from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with corresponding prices from the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion’s Food Prices Database, we use a simple regression model to test if the relationship between food price and energy density is ‘real’ or ‘spurious’. Setting USA. Subjects Total sample size is 4430 observations of consumed foods from 4578 participants from the non-institutionalized US adult population (aged 19 years and over). Results Over all 4430 foods, the null hypothesis of a spurious inverse relationship between food price per energy density and energy density is not rejected. When the analysis is broken down by twenty-five food groups, there are only two cases where the inverse relationship is not spurious. In fact, the majority of non-spurious relationships between food price and energy density are positive, not negative. Conclusions One of the main arguments put forth regarding the poor diet quality of low-income households is that high energy-dense food is cheaper than lower energy-dense food. We find almost no statistical support for higher energy-dense food being cheaper than low energy-dense food. While economics certainly plays a role in explaining low nutritional quality, more sophisticated economic arguments are required and discussed.
Disease ecology in the Galapagos Hawk (Buteo galapagoensis): host genetic diversity, parasite load and natural antibodies

An increased susceptibility to disease is one hypothesis explaining how inbreeding hastens extinction in island endemics and threatened species. Experimental studies show that disease resistance declines as inbreeding increases, but data from in situ wildlife systems are scarce. Genetic diversity increases with island size across the entire range of an extremely inbred Galapagos endemic bird, providing the context for a natural experiment examining the effects of inbreeding on disease susceptibility. Extremely inbred populations of Galapagos hawks had higher parasite abundances than relatively outbred populations. We found a significant island effect on constitutively produced natural antibody (NAb) levels and inbred populations generally harboured lower average and less variable NAb levels than relatively outbred populations. Furthermore, NAb levels explained abundance of amblyceran lice, which encounter the host immune system. This is the first study linking inbreeding, innate immunity and parasite load in an endemic, in situ wildlife population and provides a clear framework for assessment of disease risk in a Galapagos endemic.
Biometric Sensor Management: Tradeoffs in Time, Accuracy and Energy

In this paper a novel sensor management algorithm is presented for a biometric sensor network. A distributed detection framework is managed for different energy, accuracy and time requirements. The design variables include sensor thresholds, fusion rule, sensor selection and sensor mode selection. Different sensors are associated with different transaction times. Hence, varying sensor modes can affect the accuracy and energy consumption. Once the sensors and their modes are selected, the accuracy achieved by this subset of sensors is maximized by managing the thresholds and the fusion rule. Risk, time and energy are the three objectives that the system attempts to minimize. The three objectives are tied into a single objective function by weighting them. A hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is design the system. The algorithm is a hybrid of continuous, discrete and binary particle swarm. The continuous particle swarm is used to manage the thresholds. The binary particle swarm is used to manage the fusion rule. The discrete particle swarm is used to select the sensors and the sensor mode. The system is adapted for different threat levels that depend on the a priori of imposter in the network. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in adapting the system to different requirements under different threat situations.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Adolescent Substance Use:

Although social disorganization theory hypothesizes that neighborhood characteristics influence youth delinquency, the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent substance use and racial/ethnic differences in this relationship have not been widely investigated. The present study examines these issues using longitudinal data from 1,856 African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian adolescents participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). The results indicated that neighborhood disadvantage did not significantly increase the likelihood of substance use for the full sample. When relationships were analyzed by race/ethnicity, one significant (p ≤ .10) effect was found; disadvantage increased alcohol use among African Americans only. The size of this effect differed significantly between African American and Hispanic youth. In no other cases did race/ethnicity moderate the impact of disadvantage on substance use. These results suggest that disadvantage is not a strong predictor of adolescent substance use, although other features of the neighborhood may affect such behaviors.
Comparative study of shape retrieval using feature fusion approaches

A thorough comparison of shape similarity distance measures for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and application of feature normalization and machine learning has received limited attention. This article reports on the comparison of the performance of several shape similarity algorithms and the effect of several feature normalization methods. We also propose a learning-based feature selection and fusion scheme as an approach to bridge the ‘semantic gap’ between low-level image features and high-level human concepts. The methods are tested on a collection of segmented vertebral boundaries extracted from a subset of digitized x-ray images of the spine from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). In general the experimental results show that proper multi-feature fusion schemes achieve significantly improved retrieval performance.
Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change after Catastrophic Events

Thomas A. Birkland Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change after Catastrophic Events Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2006 ISBN 978-1-58901-121-2 After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attac...
Foodborne Botulism Treated with Heptavalent Botulism Antitoxin

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of foodborne botulism and subsequent use of the investigational heptavalent botulism antitoxin (H-BAT).CASE SUMMARY:A 60-year-old man was hospitalized with blurred vision, diplopia, and dysarthria. On hospital day 2, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for progressive fatigable weakness with ptosis, dysphagia, dysarthria, and nausea. Secondary to worsening respiratory distress, the patient was intubated and placed on a ventilator. The patient could open his eyes only with assistance but still had normal strength in all extremities. H-BAT was administered 48 hours after presentation for possible botulism. The patient then revealed that he consumed home-canned corn several days prior to admission. On hospital day 8, botulinum neurotoxin was confirmed in the patient's serum and the home-canned corn. The patient slowly regained muscle strength and was discharged to a long-term acute care facility on hospital day 22.DISCUSSION:Foodborne botulism is caused by a neur...
Instantaneous frequency measurement

A method is outlined for obtaining an indication of instantaneous frequency by a computation of the reciprocal of the time for one period. This is accomplished by the discharge of a condenser through an element having current proportional to the square of the voltage. The square law element consists of a biased diode network.
Fiberoptic Microneedle Probes for Tissue Penetration

Medical diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications using lasers such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and laser hyperthermia therapy have limited success due to the lack of penetration depth of light into in vivo tissues. Light can only travel a few millimeters into tissue before the effects of scattering and absorption attenuate it to unuseful levels.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Fault-toleration by Duplication and Debugging for Distribution Real-time Systems

Distributed real-time systems have continually being developed for many real applications. It is very important to assure the reliability of such systems. However, developing a fault-free distributed real-time system is very difficult. Duplication is one of the fault-tolerant technologies for improving the reliability of distributed real-time computer systems. In this paper, we present a dual-cluster distributed real-time system model with four states to improve the reliability of distributed real-time systems. The system employs cluster switch, output arbitration and fault detection to increase its reliability. The system's availability is evaluated according to the model. We also introduce a dynamic approach for visualizing and debugging the timing behavior of distributed real-time systems.
Myeloperoxidase immunohistochemistry as a measure of disease activity in ulcerative colitis: association with ulcerative colitis-colorectal cancer, tumor necrosis factor polymorphism and RUNX3 methylation.

Background: Patients with extensive, longstanding ulcerative colitis (UC), a disease of chronic colonic inflammation, are at risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Elucidating the mechanism and fully characterizing the nature of this chronic inflammation offers the potential to identify those at greatest risk. We performed a case-control study comparing histologic disease activity (HDA; neutrophils on hematoxylin and eosin [H&E]-stained slides) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) directed against specific cell types. We correlated IHC results with data previously generated on methylation status of RUNX3 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods: A nonadjacent, nonneoplastic section of bowel wall was identified for each UC-CRC case. HDA was assessed for UC-CRC cases (n = 50) and UC-controls (n = 50). Sections were immunostained using antibodies against macrophages (CD68), neutrophils/monocytes (myeloperoxidase, MPO), and T cells (CD3). Slides were scored using ImageJ and results reported as the percent area positive for each marker. Results: HDA did not correlate with infiltrate levels as measured by IHC and increasing HDA was inversely related to UC-CRC risk. Conversely, the percent area positive for CD68 and MPO was significantly elevated in UC-CRC cases versus controls (P = 0.04 and A SNP. Conclusions: HDA is less sensitive than IHC and may underestimate inflammatory cell populations associated with UC-CRC. The epigenetic/genetic associations related to elevated MPO staining in UC-CRC may offer new methods for risk stratification and adjunctive screening tools. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Access to affordances, development of situation models, and identification of procedural text problems

This experiment tested the effect of access to an object's affordances on the development of an accurate situation model of procedural texts. The 40 participants read two sets of instructions while either doing the task or only reading the text. They then rated each sentence in terms of its difficulty and the type(s) of problem(s) it had (if any), and told how they would fix the problem(s). As predicted, participants who did the task tended to notice improperly ordered sentences, whereas those who only read the text (without seeing the device) tended to focus on grammatical problems. The results were consistent with the indexical hypothesis of Glenberg and Robertson (Glenberg, 1999).
COEVOLUTION OF AN AVIAN HOST AND ITS PARASITIC CUCKOO

We use a quantitative genetic model to examine the coevolution of host and cuckoo egg characters (termed "size" as a proxy for general appearance), host discrimination, and host and cuckoo population dynamics. A host decides whether to discard an egg using a comparison of the sizes of the eggs in her nest, which changes as host and cuckoo eggs evolve. Specifically, we assume that the probability that she discards the largest egg in her nest depends on how much larger it is than the second largest egg. This decision rule (i.e., the acceptable difference in egg sizes) also evolves, changing both the chance of successful rejection of a cuckoo egg in parasitized nests and the chance of mistaken rejection of a host egg in both parasitized and unparasitized nests. We find a stable equilibrium for coexistence of the host and cuckoo where there is cuckoo egg mimicry, evolutionary displacement of the host egg away from the cuckoo egg phenotype, and host discrimination against unusual eggs. Both host discrimination and host egg displacement are fairly weak at the equilibrium. Cuckoo egg mimicry, although imperfect, usually evolves more extensively and quickly than the responses of the host. Our model provides evidence for both the evolutionary equilibrium and evolutionary lag hypotheses of host acceptance of parasitic eggs.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITION OF THE FELDSPAR CONSTITUENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF A PORCELAIN BODY

An investigation is presented covering industrial application of potash soda, lime-soda feldspars as represented by commercial microcline, albite, and andesine, respectively, and various mixtures of these feldspars were chosen on the basis of a study of the potash, soda, lime-soda feldspar system. These feldspars and mixtures were incorporated in a typical porcelain body and were prepared and formed according to normal practice for a plastic body.
Mobile Communications, Social Networks, and Urban Travel: Hypertext as a New Metaphor for Conceptualizing Spatial Interaction*

The widespread use of mobile communications is leading to new practices in family life and social life, and these changes have significant implications for the study of urban travel. Because of the...
Estimating earnings response coefficients: Pooled versus firm-specific models

Abstract Short-window earnings response coefficients estimated from pooled time-series cross-sectional regressions are systematically smaller than corresponding averages of firm-specific coefficients estimated from time-series regressions. The cause is a negative relation between firm-specific earnings response coefficients and unexpected earnings variances. If the hypotheses of equality of firm-specific coefficients and equality of firm-specific unexpected earnings variances are rejected, firm-specific estimation should be used instead of pooled estimation. Using pooled estimation may lead to incorrect inferences about the magnitude of estimated coefficients and/or incorrect inferences about differences in coefficient behavior between groups of firms.
Model matching by state feedback and dynamic compensation

A new approach to the exact model matching problem is given based on an algorithm for characterizing the input-output structural properties of a linear system. In contrast to previous methods, the state feedback matching problem is solved without recourse to initial coordinate transformations. Moreover, the algorithm given here extends directly to the dynamic model matching problem and yields a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for one system to be transfer function equivalent via dynamic state feedback to a specified model system.
FOOD SOUNDS: HOW MUCH INFORMATION DO THEY CONTAIN?

Subjects listened to tape recorded sounds made by crushing each of 18 different foods. After listening to each sound, they selected from a list of the 18 foods the four foods most likely to have produced that sound. Many of the subjects were able to use the information present in the sound to identify the food; however, their performance was far from perfect. The foods differ in the recognizability of their crushing sounds. The recognizability of a food's sound does not appear to depend on the familiarity or the class (e.g., vegetable, cracker) of food.
c9t11-Conjugated linoleic acid-rich oil fails to attenuate wasting in colon-26 tumor-induced late-stage cancer cachexia in male CD2F1 mice.

Scope: Cancer cachexia is characterized by muscle and adipose tissue wasting caused partly by chronic, systemic inflammation. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a group of fatty acids with various properties including anti-inflammatory cis9, trans11 (c9t11)-CLA and lipid-mobilizing trans10, cis12 (t10c12)-CLA. The purpose of this study was to test whether dietary supplementation of a c9t11-CLA-rich oil (6:1 c9t11:t10c12) could attenuate wasting of muscle and adipose tissue in colon-26 adenocarcinoma-induced cachexia in mice. Methods and results: Loss of body weight, muscle and adipose tissue mass caused by tumors were not rescued by supplementation with the c9t11-CLA-rich oil. In quadriceps muscle, c9t11-CLA-rich oil exacerbated tumor-induced gene expression of inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 receptor and the E3 ligase MuRF-1 involved in muscle proteolysis. In epididymal adipose tissue, tumor-driven delipidation and atrophy was aggravated by the c9,t11-CLA-rich oil, demonstrated by further reduced adipocyte size and lower adiponectin expression. However, expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage markers were not altered by tumors, or CLA supplementation. Conclusion: These data suggest that addition of c9t11-CLA-rich oil (0.6% c9t11, 0.1% t10c12) in diet did not ameliorate wasting in mice with cancer cachexia. Instead, it increased expression of inflammatory markers in the muscle and increased adipose delipidation.
Genetic Divergence Among Massachusetts Populations of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Eubranchipus vernalis (Crustacea: Anostraca)

Abstract The vernal pool fairy shrimp Eubranchipus vernalis (Eastern Fairy Shrimp) is an obligate freshwater invertebrate that is an important member of northeastern United States vernal pool ecosystems. The extent of gene flow among populations of vernal pool fairy shrimp in the Northeast is currently unknown, yet this information is important for understanding the ecology and evolution of this species. In order to infer the level of gene flow among E. vernalis populations, we used mtDNA sequence data to estimate the level of genetic divergence and the pattern of geographic variation among 22 vernal pool populations sampled across Massachusetts during spring 2003. We found significant differences among vernal pool populations in the frequency of unique mtDNA sequences, but no coherent geographic pattern in the distribution of these sequences, and there was no significant correlation between levels of genetic divergence and geographic distance. We argue that these results reflect priority effects rather t...
Robinson modes at Aladdin

A fourth harmonic radiofrequency (RF) cavity improves the beam lifetime of the Aladdin electron storage ring. When the harmonic cavity is operated with a low-emittance lattice, coupling between the dipole and quadrupole Robinson modes may cause instability. During stable operation, damped Robinson modes are observed in the spectrum of phase noise upon the beam
Cyclooxygenase metabolites are compartmentalized in the human lower respiratory tract

Cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid are thought to play an important role in the regulation of diverse physiological functions in the lung. Although the concentration of these metabolite...
Contractile and cellular remodeling in rabbit skeletal muscle after cyclic eccentric contractions

The time course of muscle contractile and cellular properties was studied in rabbit ankle flexor muscles after injury produced by eccentric exercise. Cyclic eccentric exercise was produced by incre...
JOURNAL CLUB: Quantification of Fetal Dose Reduction if Abdominal CT Is Limited to the Top of the Iliac Crests in Pregnant Patients With Trauma.

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to correlate fetal z-axis location within the maternal abdomen on CT with gestational age and estimate fetal dose reduction of a study limited to the abdomen only, with its lower aspect at the top of the iliac crests, compared with full abdominopelvic CT in pregnant trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed a study of pregnant patients who underwent CT of the abdomen and pelvis for trauma at a single institution over a 10-year period. The inferior aspect of maternal liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, adrenals, and kidneys was recorded as above or below the iliac crests. The distance from the iliac crest to the top of the fetus or gestational sac was determined. The CT images of the limited and full scanning studies were independently reviewed by two blinded radiologists to identify traumatic injuries. Fetal dose profiles, including both scatter and primary radiation, were computed analytically along the central axis of the patient to estimate fetal ...
The effect of patient and injury factors on long-term outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up is required for accurate assessment of results after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and recent years have witnessed the publication of numerous papers detailing long-term outcomes. The primary aim of this systematic review was to determine which patient factors affect long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes based on the current literature. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review yielded 18 prospective manuscripts with minimum follow-up ranging from 5-12 years after ACL reconstruction. RESULTS: Longer follow-up was associated with increased radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. Increased meniscal or articular cartilage pathology at ACL reconstruction were found to be associated with increased prevalence of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up in most studies. There is currently insufficient evidence to correlate these intra-articular findings with decreases in clinical outcome measures. Further research is needed to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on long-term outcome after ACL reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular injuries noted at the time of ACL reconstruction affect long-term results. The effect of BMI and other patient factors is unclear. Long-term follow-up of large multicenter cohorts will provide definitive data on the relative importance of different factors in determining results of ACL reconstruction. Language: en
Some Propositions on Thrid Party Choice: Domestic vs. International Logistics Providers

The increasingly competitive and deregulated environment for domestic logistics is forcing firms to reexamine private provision of logistics services. Domestic logistics services may increasingly be provided by third party logistics companies, as they are in the international logistics realm. This paper reports results of an exploratory review that compares the influence of key forces that drive the logistics outsourcing decision in the domestic and international setting. The results of this review are used to develop propositions for future research and suggest an agenda for empirical testing. Results should influence strategies pursued by providers and purchasers of third party logistics services.
Abstract 3038: Epithelial Membrane Protein-2 (EMP2) promotes glioblastoma growth via upregulating invasion and angiogenesis.

Recent data suggests that EMP2 is a novel oncogene in a number of tumors including breast, ovarian, endometrial and primary central nervous system malignancies. Its expression correlates with poor survival and can serve as a prognostic indicator in many tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a medium survival of 18 months, and we have found that EMP2 is expressed in the majority of GBM tumors but not in healthy brains. In order to therapeutically exploit the expression of EMP2 on these tumors, we have developed recombinant antibodies to this oncogene. In experimental models, use of the anti-EMP2 antibodies showed profound efficacy in reducing GBM tumor load. We further dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms and found that EMP2 accelerated GBM tumor growth through increasing αvβ3 integrin surface expression in GBM cells, activating downstream FAK and Src kinases and promoting cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, EMP2 upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in several GBM cell lines. This increase appeared to be functionally relevant as conditioned medium from GBM cells with forced overexpression of EMP2 increased human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and capillary tube formation, suggesting a role for EMP2 in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Our results suggest the importance of this oncogene in the control of the tumor microenvironment and that targeting EMP2 expression may be a novel therapy for GBM. Citation Format: Yu Qin. Epithelial Membrane Protein-2 (EMP2) promotes glioblastoma growth via upregulating invasion and angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3038. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3038
Channel and power adaptation for cognitive radios in multiuser OFDM systems

In this paper, we investigate joint power and channel allocation problem for the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based multi-user cognitive radio systems with quality-of-service (QoS) in terms of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and proportional rate constraints. The QoS requirement of each cognitive radio user imposed by its minimum SINR and interference introduced by unlicensed secondary users to primary users make power and channel allocation problem more complex. We present a formal analysis for a proposed approach and illustrate the approach with numerical results obtained from simulations.
High Q Miniature Sapphire Acoustic Resonator

We have demonstrated high Q measurements in a room temperature Miniature Sapphire Acoustic Resonator (MSAR). Initial measurements of bulk acoustic modes in room temperature sapphire at 39 MHz have demonstrated a Q of 8.8×106. The long term goal of this work is to integrate such a high Q resonator with small, low noise quartz oscillator electronics, providing a fractional frequency stability better than 1×10−14 @ 1s.
Comparison of Flowering Habit of Japonica CMS Lines with Different Cytoplasm

Using isonuclear alloplasmic japonica CMS lines with different cytoplasm sources in Rice Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liaojing 6A(BT type,WA Type and Yinshui Type),restorer line C418,Fuhui838 and Yejinghui as materials,their differences in flowering habit,stigma vigour and exsertion rate,seed set were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in the flowering habit among the three CMS lines with different cytoplasm sources.WA type and Yinshui type CMS bloomed relatively early,but the flowering peak was relatively fragmented.BT type CMS bloomed later,but the flowering peak was concentrated.Flowering habits of Yinshui type CMS were between that of WA type and BT type;while its fertility stability was better than BT type CMS.
A direct volume drawing method for reverse fault strata

There is a problem when modeling a reverse fault strata,some software model the reverse fault strata by dividing it into different block,but with the complex program,the result is not coupled.This paper gave a method to solve this problem.Based on the data of borehole,it obtained the data of strata interface,and directly interpolated to get the fault surface to implement drawing the strata body directly by some rules.This method was not only suitable for continuous strata but also for those faulted strata,especially for those complex geological body and structure,and owned the advantage of consolidating the modeling of the fault,reverse fault,thin out strata.The way was simple flow,easily operated,high efficiency,and convenient data management,which could supply a reference for reverse fault strata volume drawing.
Na+-H+ exchange in isolated myocytes from adult rat heart.

The intracellular pH (pHi) in ventricular myocytes isolated from adult rat heart was measured in suspension using the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Ste...
Development and Validation of Dose-Response Relationship for Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen internationally and in the U.S. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a dose-response model for infection by this organism. Only animal data was available in the literature. The beta-Poisson dose response model provided good fit to the data, and one of the two data sets was found to be concordant with attack rates noted in human outbreaks. There are differences, however, between the dose-response relationship and endemic illness rates computed from “market basket” surveys of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes. Further work to elucidate the bases for this difference is necessary.
A Run-Length Encoding Approach for Path Analysis of C. elegans Search Behavior

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans explores the environment using a combination of different movement patterns, which include straight movement, reversal, and turns. We propose to quantify C. elegans movement behavior using a computer vision approach based on run-length encoding of step-length data. In this approach, the path of C. elegans is encoded as a string of characters, where each character represents a path segment of a specific type of movement. With these encoded string data, we perform k-means cluster analysis to distinguish movement behaviors resulting from different genotypes and food availability. We found that shallow and sharp turns are the most critical factors in distinguishing the differences among the movement behaviors. To validate our approach, we examined the movement behavior of tph-1 mutants that lack an enzyme responsible for serotonin biosynthesis. A k-means cluster analysis with the path string-encoded data showed that tph-1 movement behavior on food is similar to that of wild-type animals off food. We suggest that this run-length encoding approach is applicable to trajectory data in animal or human mobility data.
Ultrafast Arbitrary Optical Waveform Generation

The principles of femtosecond pulse shaping for generation of arbitrary optical waveforms are reviewed. The broad range of applications is illustrated with examples of recent research at Purdue University.
Achieving clear margins. Directed shaving using MarginProbe, as compared to a full cavity shave approach

Abstract Background Following lumpectomy, full cavity shaving approach is used to reduce positive margin rates, among other issues previously studied by others, at an expense of increase in tissue volume removed. We present our experience after switching from full cavity shaving to a targeted shaving approach using MarginProbe, an intra-operative margin assessment device. Methods Specimen excision was performed according to standard of care. Additional shavings were taken based on device readings on the lumpectomy specimen. Intra-operative imaging was used, as required. Results We compared 137 MarginProbe cases to 199 full cavity shave cases. The re-excision rate was reduced by 57% (P = 0.026), from 15.1% to 6.6%. The overall tissue volume removed was reduced by 32% (P = 0.0023), from 115 cc to 78 cc. Conclusions MarginProbe enabled a change in the lumpectomy technique from full cavity shavings to directed shavings guided by the device. There was a significant reduction in re-excisions and in the overall tissue volume removed.The lower amount of shavings also contributed to a reduction in pathology work.
SUVmax of Normal Tissues in Pediatric and Adult Patients on FDG PET/MR

1270 Objectives To measure SUVmax of various normal tissues in pediatric and adult patients and compare them to each other. Methods A total of 22 (9 pediatric [ Results The average age was 14.3 + 2.7 years in pediatric and 54.6 + 10.7 years in adult patients. The average uptake time was 71 + 4.8 minutes in the pediatric and 67 + 3.8 minutes in the adult group (P=0.055). The SUVmax of various tissues are given in the attached table. There was a statistically significant difference in SUVmax between the pediatric and adult group in the aorta, liver and lungs (P +0.6; P Conclusions The SUVmax of various normal tissues is lower than the corresponding known values on PET/CT, which goes along with the described generally lower SUV on PET/MR comparted to PET/CT. However, SUVmax is reproducible in various location of the same tissue, which indicates the robustness of the measurements. Finally, there is an age-dependent increase in SUVmax on PET/MR in aorta, liver and lungs from pediatric to adult patients. These preliminary data will help to establish normal tissue reference standards on FDG PET/MR but need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Bridging a Survey Redesign Using Multiple Imputation: An Application to the 2014 CPS ASEC

The Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) serves as the data source for official income, poverty, and inequality statistics in the United States. In 2014, the CPS ASEC questionnaire was redesigned to improve data quality and to reduce misreporting, item nonresponse, and errors resulting from respondent fatigue. The sample was split into two groups, with nearly 70% receiving the traditional instrument and 30% receiving the redesigned instrument. Due to the relatively small redesign sample, analyses of changes in income and poverty between this and future years may lack sufficient power, especially for subgroups. The traditional sample is treated as if the responses were missing for income sources targeted by the redesign, and multiple imputation is used to generate plausible responses. A flexible imputation technique is used to place individuals into strata along two dimensions: 1) their probability of income recipiency and 2) their expected income conditional on recipiency for each income source. By matching on these two dimensions, this approach combines the ideas of propensity score matching and predictive means matching. In this article, this approach is implemented, the matching models are evaluated using diagnostics, and the results are analyzed.
High-Grade Glioma

Higher-grade brain gliomas are more likely to be infiltrative and progressive. PET/MR imaging can detect and characterize gliomas through typical MR features. It can also aid in the grading of gliomas by simultaneously analyzing metabolism which has prognostic implications.
Electrophysiological measurements reveal that a succinyl linker enhances performance of the synthetic chloride channel SCMTR

Four variants of a synthetic chloride anion channel composed of dialkyamines linked to a heptapeptide have been studied in different lipid and polymer membranes using electrophysiological techniques. For the first time, the values of conductance states, voltage gating properties, and qualitative state transition frequency were measured in different lipid systems.
Programming and Controlling the Operations of a Team of Miniature Robots

We describe a software architecture used to control the operations of a group of miniature mobile robots called Scouts. Due to their small size, the Scouts rely on a proxy processing scheme where they receive commands and transmit sensor information over RF channels to a controlling workstation. Because the bandwidth of these channels is limited, a scheduling system has been developed that allows the robots to share the bandwidth. Experimental results are described.
Scaling Properties of Superfluid 3He in Aerogel

We have investigated the superfluid transition of 3 He in different samples of silica aerogel. Several of these samples have been characterized using x-ray imaging, yielding information about the microstructure of the aerogel. In comparing new measurements on a 99.5% sample with previous observations on the behavior of 3 He in 98% porous aerogel we have found evidence for a scaling of the superfluid transition temperature to the correlation length of the aerogel. Furthermore, the superfluid density exhibits a similar universal behaviour over a range of values of reduced temperature. We discuss these new results in the context of superfluid pairing in the presence of a correlated disorder, specifically focussing on the fractal nature of the aerogel.
The Effects of Syntactic Complexity and Sentence Length on the Speech Motor Control of School-Age Children Who Stutter

Purpose Early childhood stuttering is associated with atypical speech motor development. Compared with children who do not stutter (CWNS), the speech motor systems of school-age children who stutte...
Behavioral measurements of auditory streaming and build-up by budgerigars ( Melopsittacus undulatus ).

The perception of the build-up of auditory streaming has been widely investigated in humans, while it is unknown whether animals experience a similar perception when hearing high (H) and low (L) tonal pattern sequences. The paradigm previously used in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) was adopted in two experiments to address the build-up of auditory streaming in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). In experiment 1, different numbers of repetitions of low-high-low triplets were used in five conditions to study the build-up process. In experiment 2, 5 and 15 repetitions of high-low-high triplets were used to investigate the effects of repetition rate, frequency separation, and frequency range of the two tones on the birds' streaming perception. Similar to humans, budgerigars subjectively experienced the build-up process in auditory streaming; faster repetition rates and larger frequency separations enhanced the streaming perception, and these results were consistent across the two frequency ranges. Response latency analysis indicated that the budgerigars needed a longer amount of time to respond to stimuli that elicited a salient streaming perception. These results indicate, for the first time using a behavioral paradigm, that budgerigars experience a build-up of auditory streaming in a manner similar to humans.
Analyzing pathways data to reduce unwarranted variation, understand practice patterns, and update pathways.

300Background: A clinical pathways program requires regular updates to pathways content, real-time decision support, and data collection and analysis of decisions made. A goal of Dana-Farber Pathways (DFP) is to analyze data to reduce unwarranted variation and inform granular, warranted variation. Methods: Each of our 31 medical oncology pathways is created and updated by DF experts (clinicians and scientists). DFP is implemented through a web-based portal that provides real-time decision support. DFP captures on- and off- pathway treatment decisions and reasons for off-pathway decisions; this is shared with each disease group monthly. For each interval review meeting we assess on-pathway rates and decisions for each node in the pathway. Low on-pathway rates prompt discussion about possible action, including provider education or pathway modification. Results: In 2017, 7,460 total treatment decisions were collected through DFP; 78% were on-pathway. We have clinical reasoning for 90% of the off-pathway dec...
Philanthropic partnership at the University of Iowa: Providing complimentary ACRL membership to LIS students

T he strength of ACRL comes from its membership. Nevertheless, ACRL and other membership-based professional organizations face many challenges in terms of recruiting and retaining members. Of course, membership and involvement in ACRL contributes to an individual’s career success. But academic and research libraries also benefit when their employees are engaged in their professional associations. Membership and participation in professional associations provides valuable mentoring and professional development opportunities. This is true at every stage of one’s career, but it is particularly critical to help new professionals understand the value of these activities. Many would agree that graduate school is the perfect time to introduce students to their future professional associations, yet membership often remains out of reach financially for many students.
Analog Signal Processing Using Stochastic Magnets

We present a low energy-barrier magnet based compact hardware unit for analog stochastic neurons (ASNs) and demonstrate its use as a building-block for neuromorphic hardware. Networks assembled from these units are particularly suited for temporal inferencing and pattern recognition. We demonstrate example applications of these ASNs including multi-layer perceptrons, convolutional neurons, and reservoir computers showing tasks such as temporal sequence learning, processing, and prediction tasks which prove that these units can be used to build efficient, scalable, and adaptive neural network based signal-processors. We also provide an illustrative comparison with digital CMOS based circuits that implement similar functionality with networks built using the presented units, demonstrating a possible two orders of magnitude reduction in component-count and concomitant increase in energy efficiency. Efficient non von-Neumann hardware implementation of such signal-processors can open up a pathway for integration of hardware based cognition in a wide variety of emerging systems such as IoT, industrial controls, bio- and photo-sensors, self-driving automotives, and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Consumer Smart Homes: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go

Currently a variety of smart home systems are available from different vendors, who made different designs choices in how these systems operate, which in turn affect end users. A key question that we consider in this work is how these commercially available smart home systems differ in practice, what are the implications of those differences, and whether other design alternatives might be better. To answer these questions, we systematically evaluate seven popular smart homes and identify their underlying design choices around access control, privacy, and automation, and highlight the implications of those design choices for end users. We surface challenges and tensions for design choices around topics like security, privacy, usability, automation, and reliability, and we make design recommendations where possible. Our findings lay the groundwork for future research in this area.
Independence Day: The Emotional Tenor of Populism in Poland

Although the power of emotion has generally been undertheorized in the study of politics, recent populist movements gain their power from a diverse complex of emotions: hope, fear, disappointment, and anger. Independence Day events in Warsaw (November 11, 2014) reveal the stark contrast between the official ceremony, characterized by formality and pomp, and the opposition march, full of energy and anger. Both events employ national symbols and claim to be the legitimate heirs of past struggles for freedom, but the contrasting emotional tenor of each signal fundamentally opposed orientations toward open borders, global markets, and indeed the character of the Polish nation. I argue that the populist reassertion of nationalism in Poland can be viewed as the rejection of neoliberal hegemony and has parallels to nativist trends in the United States. Impassioned calls for “illiberal democracy” and “closed-border globalization” reveal a retreat from liberalism, including both liberal social values and free market values.
Strengthening laboratory capacity for detection of respiratory viral pathogens through the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) framework.

Background Endemic and emerging respiratory viruses are a threat to public health, and a robust public health laboratory system is essential to ensure global health security. Objective This program sought to expand molecular laboratory testing capacity to detect a broad range of respiratory pathogens in clinical respiratory specimens collected during disease surveillance and outbreak investigations. Methods As a part of the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention utilised the equipment and training infrastructure already in place at the World Health Organization National Influenza Centers to expand testing capacity for respiratory viruses in laboratories in GHSA partner countries. This was done through the provision of quality assured reagents, including multiplex platforms and technical guidance for laboratory staff, as well as the assessment of laboratory testing accuracy. Conclusion Early findings illustrated that GHSA laboratories have been able to expand testing capacity using specimens from routine surveillance, as well as from outbreak situations.