cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matrix-Based Genetic Algorithm for Computing the Minimum Volume Ellipsoid

The minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) is a useful tool in multivariate statistics and data mining. It is used for computing robust multivariate outlier diagnostics and for calculating robust covariance matrix estimates. Various search algorithms for finding or approximating the MVE have been developed, but due to the combinatorial nature of the problem, exact computation of the MVE is impractical for all but the smallest datasets. Since large datasets are increasingly common, alternative algorithms are desired. Even among small datasets, performance of the existing algorithms varies considerably-no single algorithm dominates in performance. This paper presents a unique matrix-structured genetic algorithm (GA) that directly searches the ellipsoid space for the MVE. By directly searching the space of ellipsoids, the impact of the combinatorial nature of the problem is minimized. The matrix-structured GA is described in detail, and evidence is provided to illustrate the performance of the new algorithm in detecting multivariate outliers.
A phase I study of Topotecan, as a radiosensitizer, for thoracic malignancies

Abstract Purpose: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of daily Topotecan with full-dose thoracic radiotherapy (XRT). Methods and materials: Patients with advanced thoracic malignancies requiring full dose radiation received daily I.V. Topotecan prior to each daily session of XRT to 60 Gy over 6 weeks. Dose levels (and subjects studied at each) have been 0.2 (N=7), 0.3 (N=5), 0.4 (N=7), and 0.5 mg/m2 per day (N=5) in a best-of-five design. Tumor response was assessed at 4–8 weeks after completion of therapy. Results: From March 1995 to December 1999, a total of 24 patients were treated. The MTD of Topotecan was 0.4 mg/m2 per day, based on dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) observed at 0.5 mg/m2 per day, which were grade 4 hematological toxicities or diarrhea and grade 3 esophagitis. Tumor responses included: zero complete response (CR), nine partial responses (PR), five stable disease (SD), nine progressive disease (PD) and one not evaluated (NE). Additionally, local response was also assessed separately (within the XRT ports) and there were 10 PR, 12 SD, 1 PD, and 1 NE. Conclusion: the MTD of Topotecan with concomitant thoracic radiotherapy is 0.4 mg/m2 per day. The DLTs observed were grade 4 diarrhea, grade 3 esophagitis and grade 4 hematological toxicities. Based on the known radiosensitizing effect of Topotecan, this dose is recommended for phase II testing.
Confocal feedback systems with space variance, time sampling, and secondary feedback loops

A confocal feedback system (CFS) has been modified in three ways to include space variance, time sampling, and a second feedback loop. The space-variant system performs analog solution of partial differential equations (PDE’s) with variable coefficients. The time-sampling system solves PDE’s in three dimensions. The CFS with a second feedback loop has a more flexible feedback transfer function and can solve an extended range of PDE’s. Finally, a combination of time sampling and a second feedback loop can solve four-dimensional problems. Experimental results verifying the abilities of each of these new confocal feedback systems have been obtained.
The induction of ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA by estrogen and progesterone in chick oviduct explant cultures

Abstract Estrogen pretreated chick oviduct tissue can be restimulated in vitro by physiological concentrations of estrogen and progesterone. The rates of synthesis of the major egg white proteins, ovalbumin and conalbumin, as well as the cellular levels of their respective mRNAs, increase after characteristic lag periods; this confirms previously reported results in vivo and demonstrates that both the lag phenomena and the mRNA induction are a function of the direct interaction of steroids with oviduct cells. The antagonistic action of progesterone on an estrogen-mediated induction of conalbumin mRNA also occurs in vitro, and the kinetics of this response are examined. Progesterone terminates the estradiol-induced accumulation of conalbumin mRNA within 30 min after addition to the medium; progesterone alone or in combination with estrogen, however, is capable of inducing conalbumin mRNA after a 4 hr lag period. The temporary nature of this antagonism and the fact that it does not occur with ovalbumin induction indicate the complexity of the oviduct's response to steroids. The role of protein synthesis in the induction of both ovalbumin and conalbumin was examined by including protein synthesis inhibitors in the culture medium. Puromycin, cycloheximide, emetine, pactamycin and high salt all block the induction of both ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA when added together with either estrogen or progesterone. The effect of puromycin is reversible. After the drug is removed from the medium, the mRNA accumulation begins with the same characteristic lag period seen when no inhibitors are added. When given 2 hr after estrogen, puromycin stops the accumulation of conalbumin mRNA within 30 min, whereas cycloheximide and emetine allow the mRNA to accumulate for another 2 hr before causing complete inhibition. There is no effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on the number of estrogen receptors localized in the nucleus. The data suggest a direct link between protein synthesis and the steroid-induced accumulation of specific mRNAs in this system.
Frequency discrimination as a function of signal frequency and level in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.

Frequency difference limens (DLFs) for pure tones were obtained over a wide range of frequencies and levels from 7 normal-hearing subjects and 16 ears of 12 listeners with sensorineural hearing los...
Alerts for in-vehicle information systems: annoyance, urgency, and appropriateness

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the influence of the auditory characteristics of alerts on perceived urgency and annoyance and whether these perceptions depend on the context in which the alert is received. BACKGROUND: Alert parameters systematically affect perceived urgency, and mapping the urgency of a situation to the perceived urgency of an alert is a useful design consideration. Annoyance associated with environmental noise has been thoroughly studied, but little research has addressed whether alert parameters differentially affect annoyance and urgency. METHOD: Three 2(3) x 3 mixed within/between factorial experiments, with a total of 72 participants, investigated nine alert parameters in three driving contexts. These parameters were formant (similar to harmonic series), pulse duration, interpulse interval, alert onset and offset, burst duty cycle, alert duty cycle, interburst period, and sound type. Imagined collision warning, navigation alert, and E-mail notification scenarios defined the driving context. RESULTS: All parameters influenced both perceived urgency and annoyance (p Language: en
Generalized anxiety disorder in hispanics: Symptom characteristics and prediction of severity

Literature suggests that an increasing number of Hispanic people suffer with GAD, and possible associated problems include high costs for treatment and elevated risk of severe impairment. The current study examined components of anxiety, as measured by currently available assessment instruments in both English and Spanish languages, among bilingual Hispanic individuals with GAD. Participants completed all instruments in both languages. Relations between these self-report measures and clinician-rated GAD severity were also studied. In factor analyses, the Spanish measures yielded two factors, the first of which included all instruments assessing physiological components of anxiety and one content specific measure of worry. The second factor included one worry scale and one trait anxiety scale. The English measures yielded a single factor solution. Regression analyses revealed that for the English measures, the BAI and PSWQ were statistically significant predictors of GAD severity. For the Spanish measures, the BAI was the only statistically significant predictor.
Pearl Harbor Revisited

The laughter stopped on September 11, 2001. A day America likened to Pearl Harbor. Till that day we were still laughing at the foolishness of the Organization of Chinese Americans, a self styled civil rights and education organization, linking up with the Japanese American Citizen's League, the group known to have used and abandoned the title "civil rights organization" at their convenience. The OCA might not know what their civil rights organization is or does, in fact there's real doubt that the Organization of Chinese Americans knows what a Chinese American is. In their scrambling around to match their name and title with meaning, I would think the OCA would know that the JACL is the one organization that would sink their credibility as a civil rights group. Everybody knows that. But obviously the OCA didn't.
La logistique de maintenance : un secteur déterminant pour la performance du parc nucléaire

Sans logistique, pas de maintenance efficace. De nombreux metiers sont indispensables pour assurer les operations indispensables a l’entretien et au rechargement du combustible. Exemple a la Centrale de Cattenom lors d’une operation de rechargement du combustible.
Effect of Comprehensive Intervention on Hypertension in a Community of Changping District in Beijing during 2007-2009

[Objective]To evaluate the intervention effect of community management on patients with hypertension,provide the basis for making reasonable health policy.[Methods]The systemic management was inducted in 117 hypertension patients and high-risk people who received baseline survey and periodic physical examination in a community of Changping district during 2007-2009.The management included the health cards,periodic blood pressure measurement,oral administration of hypotensor,health education,intervention on bad habits and bad health behavior.[Results]The comprehensive analysis on three years physical examination results showed: except for diastolic blood pressure(HBP),the levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood glucose(FBS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),serum creatinine(CR) decreased at different degrees.In order to observe the intervention effect,the physical examination data in 2008 and 2009 were respectively compared with the data in 2007 by paired T test,the results showed that SBP,FBS,TG,TC,LDL,HDL and CR was improved at different degrees.[Conclusion]The community management and intervention on hypertension patients and high-risk people is effective,and the whole situation gradually improved over time.The government should strengthen the system management in community.
Sequence Instability in the Proviral Long Terminal Repeat and gag Regions from Peripheral Blood and Tissue-Derived Leukocytes of FIV-Infected Cats during the Late Asymptomatic Phase

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection results in viral persistence, a prolonged asymptomatic phase, and progressive immunopathology. During the asymptomatic phase, a cohort of experimentally FIV-infected cats exhibits features of viral latency in blood suggestive of inactive viral replication. We sought to investigate viral replication activity and genomic stability of the FIV proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) and the 5' aspect of gag over time. FIV-infected cats during the asymptomatic phase demonstrated undetectable plasma FIV gag RNA transcripts and intermittent to undetectable blood-derived cell-associated FIV gag RNA. The LTR sequence demonstrated instability in blood-derived cells over time, in spite of low to undetectable viral replication. Sequence variation in the LTR was identified in CD4+ and CD21+ leukocytes from blood and surgically removed lymph nodes. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LTR were commonly identified. Promoter functionality of a common LTR SNP and rare U3 mutation were examined by reporter gene assays and demonstrated either no change or increased basal FIV promoter function, respectively. In conclusion, this cohort of asymptomatic FIV-infected cats demonstrated instability of the LTR and 5' gag sequences during the study period, in spite of undetectable plasma and rare to undetectable viral gag RNA, which suggests that blood may not accurately represent viral activity in asymptomatic FIV-infected cats.
Answers and Hints to Selected Exercises

Exercise 2.2. (1) Let X=Z(S), Y=Z(T), S, T⊂K[X 1,...,X n]. Then X ∪Y=Z(ST) with ST={FG;F∈G. G∈T}.
Sas: security, anonymity, and survivability in wireless sensor and ad hoc networks

Wireless Sensor and Ad hoc Networks (WSANs) have been a leading area in computer science and engineering research in the last decade. Of particular interest to researchers has been Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs), and Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. Despite their envisioned wide-range applications, these networks have not been significantly used in the real world. This incongruity in the usage of these networks can be attributed to the inherent lack of security, privacy, and survivability in them. This dissertation addresses these three shortcomings to foster expanded use of these networks. It is organized into four segments, each addressing problems with security, privacy, or survivability. Each segment contains the definition of the problem(s), the corresponding system model and assumptions, and proposed solutions. The first segment deals with the design of solutions to facilitate anonymous communication among the sensor nodes in a clustered wireless sensor network. Two effective solutions are presented that can be implemented in today's sensor nodes. Both solutions require only a few kilobytes of memory and create an anonymous message within 200 microseconds. The second segment deals with guaranteeing anonymous authentication in RFID systems. A solution is presented that requires less than 2500 gates in the RFID tags and takes only 44 clock cycles for each authentication. The third segment addresses the problem of accomplishing secure and accurate localization in WSANs. A theoretical bound is proved that helps to obtain effective solutions. In addition, three solutions are presented that solve the problem under different conditions. The solutions have localization of only six percent (6%) in most cases and are much better than the state of the art. The fourth segment delves into relay node placement in wireless sensor networks for connectivity and survivability. The constrained placement of relay nodes was studied in detail and constant approximation algorithms with approximation ratio less than 15 were proposed to obtain efficient relay node placement. The simulation results showed that the results were always within twice the optimal.
Existential disturbances: the beginnings of leisure?

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to contend with, not answer, a question related to happiness. Specifically, we are interested in whether leisure and happiness are possible when feelings stand in stark contrast to those conventionally associated with these terms. Is leisure or happiness possible when one is existentially shaken or disturbed? We contend that it is; that existential disturbances may be necessary as a beginning for leisure, which can then lead to happiness under certain conditions. We begin by situating this claim in an exploration of the early scholarship of Pieper (1998a) and de Grazia (1964), foregrounding their work as appealing to a Classical leisure ideal. We then contrast their work to relatively more recent contributions, particularly those of Neulinger (1974; 1981; 1990), which we interpret as appealing to an idea of leisure, instrumentalized in pragmatic projects useful to legitimize its academic study. Thus, we critically reflect upon what was lost or gained, enhanced or dim...
Applicant characteristics associated with successful matching into otolaryngology

Objective To identify resident applicant characteristics that increase the odds of matching to otolaryngology residency. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Methods Residency applications to our institution from 2009 through 2013 were reviewed. The available data represented 81.1% of applicants to otolaryngology programs nationwide. Online public records were searched to determine whether an applicant matched to an otolaryngology residency position. Factors that were significantly associated with the odds of matching were determined using logistic regression. Results A total of 1,479 unique applications were analyzed. On univariate analysis, 27 demographic, academic, personal, medical school, prior training, and application-specific factors were associated with the odds of matching into otolaryngology. On multivariate analysis, indicators of academic achievement, such as Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (AOA) status, whether applicant received awards, and publications, were significantly associated with the odds of matching (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 1.39, 1.66, respectively). The odds of matching increased with increasing step 1 scores (P < 0.001). Attending a medical school ranked by the U.S. News & World Report and being a U.S. citizen born in the United States significantly increased the odds of matching (OR 1.55 and 2.04, respectively), whereas being a non-U.S. senior medical student significantly decreased the odds of matching (OR 0.33). Conclusion Multiple factors are associated with successfully matching into an otolaryngology residency. Although this information allows medical students to determine the strength of their application, these criteria have not been correlated with resident success. We urge selection committees to begin identifying applicant selection methods that reflect the values we want to cultivate in our future colleagues. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 2016
High-Speed, Comprehensive, Two Dimensional Separations of Peptides and Small Molecule Biological Amines Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Micro Free Flow Electrophoresis.

Two-dimensional (2D) separations are able to generate significantly higher peak capacities than their one-dimensional counterparts. Unfortunately, current hyphenated 2D separations are limited by the speed of the second dimension separation and the consequent loss of peak capacity due to under sampling of peaks as they elute from the first dimension separation. Continuous micro free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) separations eliminate under sampling as a limitation when incorporated as the second dimension of a 2D separation. In the current manuscript we describe the first coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with μFFE to perform 2D CE × μFFE separations. The CE separation capillary was directly inserted into the μFFE separation channel using an edge on interface. Analyte peaks streamed directly into the μFFE separation channel as they migrated off the CE capillary. No complicated injection, valving, or voltage changes were necessary to couple the two separation modes. 2D CE × μFFE generated an ideal p...
Towards a Theory of Intentional Agents

This paper describes the AIA architecture for agents whose behavior is driven by their intentions and who reason about, and act in, changing environments. The description of the domain, written in action language AL, includes both a description of agent’s environment and the Theory of Intentions which describes properties of intentions. The architecture is designed to make agents capable of explaining unexpected observations (by means of diagnostic reasoning) and determining which of his actions are intended at the present moment. Reasoning tasks are reduced to computing answer sets of CR-Prolog programs constructed automatically from the agent’s knowledge.
Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of a Healthy Diet Text Message Intervention for Hispanic Adults Living in the United States.

Hispanics represent a critical target for culturally adapted diet interventions. In this formative research, we translated HealthyYouTXT, an mHealth program developed by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, into HealthyYouTXT en Espanol, a linguistically and culturally appropriate version for Spanish speakers in the United States. We report a three-stage, mixed-methods process through which we culturally adapted the text messages, evaluated their acceptability, and revised the program based on the findings. In Stage 1, we conducted initial translations and adaptations of the text libraries using an iterative, principle-guided process. In Stage 2, we used mixed methods including focus groups and surveys with 109 Hispanic adults to evaluate the acceptability and cultural appropriateness of the program. We used survey data to evaluate whether self-determination theory (SDT) factors (used to develop HealthyYouTXT) of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation and Hispanic cultural beliefs about familism, fatalism, and destiny predict program interest and its perceived efficacy. Mixed-methods analyses revealed substantial interest in HealthyYouTXT, with most participants desiring to use it and viewing it as highly efficacious. Both cultural beliefs (i.e., beliefs in destiny and, for men, high familism) and SDT motivations (i.e., autonomy) predicted HealthyYouTXT evaluations, suggesting utility in emphasizing them in messages. Higher destiny beliefs predicted lower interest, suggesting that they could impede program use. In Stage 3, we implemented the mixed-methods findings to finalize HealthyYouTXT en Espanol. The emergent linguistic principles and multistage, multimethods process can be applied in health communication adaptations.
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids link H3K4me3 modifiers to C. elegans lifespan

Chromatin and metabolic states both influence lifespan, but how they interact in lifespan regulation is largely unknown. The COMPASS chromatin complex, which trimethylates lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), regulates lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the mechanism by which H3K4me3 modifiers affect longevity, and whether this mechanism involves metabolic changes, remain unclear. Here we show that a deficiency in H3K4me3 methyltransferase, which extends lifespan, promotes fat accumulation in worms with a specific enrichment of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). This fat metabolism switch in H3K4me3 methyltransferase-deficient worms is mediated at least in part by the downregulation of germline targets, including S6 kinase, and by the activation of an intestinal transcriptional network that upregulates delta-9 fatty acid desaturases. Notably, the accumulation of MUFAs is necessary for the lifespan extension of H3K4me3 methyltransferase-deficient worms, and dietary MUFAs are sufficient to extend lifespan. Given the conservation of lipid metabolism, dietary or endogenous MUFAs could extend lifespan and healthspan in other species, including mammals.
Experiments with calculated therapeutic and toxic doses of digitalis: V. Comparative effects of toxic doses of digitalis and of pitressin on the electrocardiogram, heart, and brain

Abstract Histologic changes were observed in the myocardium after the repeated injection of large doses of pitressin. The myocardial lesions resembled those which occurred after the administration of toxic doses of digitalis. They were focal in distribution and were most prominent in the subendocardial layer of the left ventricular musculature. The following is a summary of the changes in the RS-T segment and T wave after large doses of pitressin: (1) decrease or increase of the height of the T wave; (2) elevation of the RS-T segment (not of the plateau type) in one or more leads; (3) simple inversion of the T wave in one or more leads; (4) depression of the RS-T segment in one or more leads; (5) cove-plane, negative T 2 and T 3 ; and (6) cove-plane, negative T 1 and T 2 . Cellular degeneration was observed in the cerebral cortex after the repeated injection of large doses of pitressin. Myocardial and cerebral lesions were not observed in all the animals which received large doses of pitressin. Myocardial lesions were produced in the older, but not the younger, animals. Gastric lesions were observed after the injection of large doses of pitressin. This confirms the observation of Dodds and his associates.
Multi-domain Video over Software-Defined Networking (MDVSDN)

Supporting end-to-end quality of services for real-time interactive video applications such as videoconferencing and distance learning across the Internet requires a collection of independent networks or domains to work together to route packets between source and destination. Routing packets across the Internet using a feasible path - a path that meets the quality of service (QoS) attributes of video application is hard because the quality of service attributes such as bandwidth, delay, and jitter are not natively supported by the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) which is the de facto routing protocol for the Internet. Although there may be multiple feasible paths between source and destination, BGP is unable to explore alternative paths because BGP advertises a single best path or feasible path, decreasing network flexibility. This paper provides three contributions to the literature on providing end-to-end QoS for real-time interactive video applications across the Internet. This paper presents Multi-Domain Video over Software-Defined Networking (MDVSDN), a network architecture that selects end-to-end QoS path for real-time video application across independent domains. This paper describes the architectural features of MDVSDN. This paper presents results of implementing the prototype of MDVSDN and evaluates behavior of MDVSDN using message complexity. The message complexity of MDVSDN is linear.
Subspace arrangements as generalized star configurations

In this note, we show that any projective subspace arrangement can be realized as a generalized star configuration variety. This type of interpolation result may be useful in designing linear codes with prescribed codewords of minimum weight, as well as in answering a couple of questions about the number of equations needed to define a generalized star configuration variety.
Southern Mexican Highlands Classic

time period: 1750-1250 b.p. The major sequence for this tradition, that of the Valley of Oaxaca (also called the Central Valleys of Oaxaca), is subdivided into Early Classic (1750-1500 b.p.) and Late Classic (1500-1250 b.p.) phases (referred to as the IIIA and IIIB phases). The corresponding period in the Nochixtlan valley (in the Mixteca Alta region), northwest of the central valleys, is the Las Flores phase (1700-1000 b.p.). The major languages were Zapotec in the Valley of Oaxaca and Mixtec in the Mixteca Alta, although other languages were (and still are) spoken in the Southern Highlands.
"God's Only Begotten Son": A Reply to R. T. Mullins

R. T. Mullins objects, as do a number of contemporary evangelical theologians, to the doctrine of “processions in God.” In my recent book on the Trinity I affirmed and defended this doctrine. Mullins has provided a lengthy critique of my defense, and this is my reply. The reply comprises four main elements. First, there is a brief summary of the doctrine of processions. This is followed by a consideration of the three principal objections to the doctrine developed by Mullins. Next, there is a discussion of the difficulties for the doctrine of the Trinity if the doctrine of processions is rejected. Finally, I provide a positive account of the coherence and evidential support for the doctrine of processions.
Psychiatric Symptomatology and Psychological Functioning in HIV-Infected Mothers

The present study examines psychiatric and psychological functioning in HIV-infected mothers with young children. Reflecting the epidemiology of HIV disease in women, the majority were African American and Latina, socioeconomically disadvantaged single parents with histories of substance use. Women were recruited from primary care HIV clinics. They were administered a structured psychiatric interview (SCID-R-Nonpatient form), as well as a psychological symptom questionnaire (Demoralization Scale). Prevalence rates of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (88%), particularly lifetime histories of Major Depression (58%) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (38%), were considerably higher than in other comparable samples in the literature. History of substance use was associated with history of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the number of traumas experienced was associated with psychiatric and psychological functioning.
I can do better than your AI: expertise and explanations

Intelligent assistants, such as navigation, recommender, and expert systems, are most helpful in situations where users lack domain knowledge. Despite this, recent research in cognitive psychology has revealed that lower-skilled individuals may maintain a sense of illusory superiority, which might suggest that users with the highest need for advice may be the least likely to defer judgment. Explanation interfaces - a method for persuading users to take a system's advice - are thought by many to be the solution for instilling trust, but do their effects hold for self-assured users? To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a quantitative study (N=529) wherein participants played a binary decision-making game with help from an intelligent assistant. Participants were profiled in terms of both actual (measured) expertise and reported familiarity with the task concept. The presence of explanations, level of automation, and number of errors made by the intelligent assistant were manipulated while observing changes in user acceptance of advice. An analysis of cognitive metrics lead to three findings for research in intelligent assistants: 1) higher reported familiarity with the task simultaneously predicted more reported trust but less adherence, 2) explanations only swayed people who reported very low task familiarity, and 3) showing explanations to people who reported more task familiarity led to automation bias.
Optimal Allocation of Groundwater Resources: Managing Water Quantity and Quality

Despite the importance of groundwater in the economy of the Hai River Basin (HRB), falling water tables and salinization of aquifers are both occurring in the region. Hydrological and hydrogeological studies have shown that increases in the salinization of parts of the freshwater aquifers are closely related to the extraction of groundwater. This study uses a framework that considers the interaction between water quantity and quality to examine how the presence of the prehistoric saline water layer affects groundwater management. Simulation results show that in a region where there is a salinization problem like in the HRB, it is optimal to pump at high rates in the early stage of extraction when the quality of groundwater is high. It is then optimal to reduce the pumping rate rapidly as the quality of groundwater deteriorates. Given this characteristic of the optimal pumping path, the heavy extraction currently observed in the HRB does not necessarily indicate that groundwater resources are being overused. However, unregulated extraction by non-cooperative users would eventually cause both the depletion of the water resource and the deterioration of water quality. Hence, joint quantity–quality management is required in the HRB. The study also shows that benefits to groundwater management are higher and costs are lower in regions with salinization problems.
Inter- and Intra- Patient ECG Heartbeat Classification for Arrhythmia Detection: A Sequence to Sequence Deep Learning Approach

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a common and powerful tool to study heart function and diagnose several abnormal arrhythmias. While there have been remarkable improvements in cardiac arrhythmia classification methods, they still cannot offer acceptable performance in detecting different heart conditions, especially when dealing with imbalanced datasets. In this paper, we propose a solution to address this limitation of current classification approaches by developing an automatic heartbeat classification method using deep convolutional neural networks and sequence to sequence models. We evaluated the proposed method on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, considering the intra-patient and inter-patient paradigms, and the AAMI EC57 standard. The evaluation results for both paradigms show that our method achieves the best performance in the literature (a positive predictive value of 96.46% and sensitivity of 100% for the category S, and a positive predictive value of 98.68% and sensitivity of 97.40% for the category F for the intra-patient scheme; a positive predictive value of 92.57% and sensitivity of 88.94% for the category S, and a positive predictive value of 99.50% and sensitivity of 99.94% for the category V for the inter-patient scheme.). The source code is available at https://github.com/SajadMo/ECG-Heartbeat-Classification-seq2seq-model.
Trial of zoledronic acid and interleukin-2 to expand tumoricidal γδ T cells in vivo in patients with refractory neuroblastoma.

TPS10073 Background: CD3+ γδ+ T cells comprise 2 to 5% of the circulating T cells. Vγ9Vδ2+ cells are the dominant circulating γδ T cell and recognize non-peptide phosphoantigens and stress-associat...
Lessons from Lithuania: Teacher beliefs and behaviors in teaching young children to sing:

The purpose of this naturalistic case study was to uncover beliefs and behaviors of successful teachers who produced excellent children’s singing in Lithuania. The research questions guiding the st...
Operating Under the Idea of the Ideal: Aristotle’s Naturalism

In his wonderful essay, ‘Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View’, Kant laid down a challenge (one, for him, with Stoic roots): tell a story of humanity’s ‘history’ under the idea of a certain ideal. Specifically, tell it as a forward looking, trans-generational, process under the conception of the end, the telos, of a world eventually so organized as to acknowledge, and encompass, the realization of the full humanity of each and every human. History not as record but as process: a developmental political progression whose end is a cosmopolitanism, one at once moral and eudaimonic, fulfilling human potential. Kant, while emphasizing the central role of education in furthering this, does not there advocate any particular form of political resolution—whether central world government or global federalism of small scale units (a Foedus Amphictyonum)—nor does he broach questions of how much still further, dynamic, transitioning, or ‘Millian’ experiment, might, or rather should, be sustained within the realization of this universal goal: the degree of instability, of vulnerability to creative risk, of ‘unsocial sociability’, needed by, and for, a still vibrant, still liberal, enlightened humanity.
Do We Accurately Know the Formation of Solar 8B

A detailed examination of current data on S_17 (as opposed to an examination of S_17(0) only) excludes quoting S_17(0) with sufficiently small uncertainty. In contrast to suggestions that S_17(0) is now known with the accuracy of \pm 3%, the exact value of S_17(0) is dependent on the choice of the data and the choice of theory used for extrapolation. In addition recent high precision results (including the Seattle data) on S_17 which are in good agreement, still differ on the measured slopes, as do theoretical models that predict different d-wave contribution, precluding an accurate extrapolation to zero energy of the consistent data. Using a common extrapolation of only the consistent high precision data, suggests a value of S_17(0) = 21.2 \pm 0.5 eV-b, but a value equal to or smaller than 19.0 eV-b can not be excluded due to the uncertainty in the extrapolation, leading to an additional error of +0.0 -3.0 eV-b. This (unacceptable) situation must be cleared by future experiments.
The Welfarist Right to Counsel

The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is typically and often exclusively understood as a criminal procedure protection. From the law school training of attorneys to the legal knowledge imparted to lay people by popular culture, this right is seen as solely within the province of the criminal justice system. This widely held belief is fragmentary and incomplete. Despite its reasonableness, this penal primacy has marred our ability to understand the contours and limitations of indigent defense. Accordingly, this Article utilizes the gifts of legal history to make two novel interventions. First, I put forth an argument that has been gestured to by judges and legal scholars across the ideological spectrum but goes shockingly unstated: the right to counsel as currently practiced is a judicially-created welfare benefit. The second intervention concerns how this argument is actualized. The colonial right to counsel, as well as the right enshrined in the Sixth Amendment, were understood as negative liberties; the government could not prevent defendants from retaining counsel, but it was not required to appoint attorneys for the indigent. This negative liberty transformed into an affirmative obligation during the New Deal and Great Society eras in ways that I argue strikingly accord with the development of American cash assistance programs to the poor (i.e., welfare). Understanding the right to counsel in these ways has substantive implications for current legal, political, and popular discourse on criminal justice reform and economic inequality.
Diseases or Conditions of Platelet Disorders

Platelets play an important role in hemostasis, initiation of blood coagulation, and wound healing. There are various inherited and acquired disorders associated with platelets; patients with platelet disorders must therefore be identified and educated on both their potential bleeding risk and avoidance of those compounds which could increase their risk. This chapter discusses types of platelet disorders, diagnosis, management, and perioperative considerations. Overall, platelet disorders should be carefully considered by a physician when evaluating patients, especially when considering surgery as intraoperative bleeding disturbances can occur secondary to direct surgical manipulation of anatomy or due to hemostatic abnormalities.
A review of uncertainty visualization errors: Working memory as an explanatory theory

Abstract Uncertainty communicators often use visualizations to express the unknowns in data, statistical analyses, and forecasts. Well-designed visualizations can clearly and effectively convey uncertainty, which is vital for ensuring transparency, accuracy, and scientific credibility. However, poorly designed uncertainty visualizations can lead to misunderstandings of the underlying data and result in poor decision-making. In this chapter, we present a discussion of errors in uncertainty visualization research and current approaches to evaluation. Researchers consistently find that uncertainty visualizations requiring mental operations, rather than judgments guided by the visual system, lead to more errors. To summarize this work, we propose that increased working memory demand may account for many observed uncertainty visualization errors. In particular, the most common uncertainty visualization in scientific communication (e.g., variants of confidence intervals) produces systematic errors that may be attributable to the application of working memory or lack thereof. To create a more effective uncertainty visualization, we recommend that data communicators seek a sweet spot in the working memory required by various tasks and visualization users. Further, we also recommend that more work be done to evaluate the working memory demand of uncertainty visualizations and visualizations more broadly.
Faculty and Student Perceptions of Academic Integrity in Technology-Assisted Learning and Testing

The recent COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges to faculty (Fac) and students (Stu) to uphold academic integrity when many classes transitioned from traditional to remote. This study compared Fac and Stu perceptions surrounding academic integrity when using technology assisted proctoring in online testing. Methods: College Fac (N = 150) and Stu (N = 78) completed a survey about perceptions of academic integrity and use of proctoring software for online testing. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to determine if there were differences in the distribution of agreement between students and faculty. Results: Fac and Stu agreed maintaining academic integrity was a priority (93 vs. 94%), and that it is easier to cheat in online tests (81 vs. 83%). Responses differed on whether online proctoring software was effective at preventing academic dishonesty (23% of Fac vs. 42% of Stu disagreed). 53% of Fac and 70% of Stu perceived that online proctoring was an invasion of privacy. Only 7% of Stu and 49% of Fac perceived importance in having a policy about proctoring online tests, whether cheating in an academic setting is likely associated with cheating in a work setting (78 vs. 51%), and if given a choice, 46% of Fac and only 2% of Stu would choose to use proctoring software. Answers to open-ended questions identified feelings of stress and anxiety by Stu and concerns about privacy by Fac. Conclusion: Fac and Stu had similar perceptions of the importance of academic integrity and ease of cheating in online tests. They differed in perception of proctoring software’s effectiveness in deterring cheating, choosing to give or take a proctored online test, and having a policy in place. Policies on technology-assisted online testing should be developed with faculty and student input to address student concerns of privacy, anxiety, and stress and uphold academic integrity. © Copyright © 2021 Alessio and Messinger.
An empirical taxonomy of reward response patterns in a transdiagnostic eating disorder sample.

Abstract Reward response patterns may contribute to risk and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), and there may be clinically meaningful heterogeneity in behavioral responses to different actual and anticipated rewards across ED diagnoses. We used an empirical approach to classify individuals with EDs based on self-reported tendencies for responding to reward-related stimuli. Latent profile analysis was conducted in a transdiagnostic ED sample (N = 104) using Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger et al., 1993) subscales to categorize participants on reward responses of behavioral activation towards immediate, hedonic rewards (Novelty Seeking subscale), persistence towards long-term rewards (Persistence subscale), and maintenance by social rewards (Reward Dependence subscale) rewards. Two profiles were identified: (1) Behavioral Activation group (elevated Novelty Seeking; n = 62); and (b) Behavioral Persistence group (elevated Persistence; n = 42). Generalized linear models comparing profiles showed that frequency of these reward response profiles did not differ in probable AN, BN, or OSFED groups; however, individuals with probable BED more often demonstrated the Behavioral Activation profile (p = .041). These profiles exhibited comparable ED severity, but different presentations. Across probable ED diagnoses, the Behavioral Activation group reported greater binge eating (p = .006, d = 0.32) and had higher BMIs (p = .001, d = 0.57); the Behavioral Persistence group endorsed greater driven exercise (p = .042, d = 0.33). Categorization by activation to novel, immediate rewards versus persistence towards long-term rewards was associated with different symptoms across diagnoses, potentially supporting the role of specific reward response profiles in ED phenomenology.
The Rise of Search Terms to Predict Stock Price Movements

The volume of search for a particular company and its website through the Internet and search engines can be a metric on its web popularity. In this paper we study the relation, if any, between the volume of users’ search for a company’s information and company’s stock price change. Our tests were on companies from the S&P 500 and the keywords information were extracted using Google Trends tool. Results from the study show that some keywords are correlated positively with companies. The more those keywords are searched reflects an increase on the stock price which agrees with the attention theory provided in the literature. On the other hand, results show that the increase of search of other keywords correlates negatively with other companies’ stock prices. This also agrees with the results from other stream of research that recommends the use of sentiment analysis to contextualize the search. This result has implications for both researcher and practitioners. From a research perspective, the paper re-evaluated previous results in the literature. It also identifies the issues in the dataset used by previous research and provides a new dataset whose accuracy is tested and that solves the is-sues identified. From practitioner’s perspective, the paper provides a dataset that can be used as input for individual investors for their investment decisions.
Secure Bar Code Reader for the THz Region

We Designed a new bar code reader based on leaky parallel plate waveguide. The barcode can be produced easily and can be used securely compared to optical bar codes.
Sabbath: The Theological Roots of Sustainable Development

It is the thesis of this paper that, in general, the points of emphasis by the UN Commission on Sustainable Development are in close, but not perfect, alignment with the concept of Sabbath-shalom in Scripture. Some differences also exist. Sabbath begins at Creation and is the substance and symbol of God’s care for this earth. In Sabbath we rest in God’s sustaining power. Sabbath also is integral to covenant relationships. This means that Sabbath is not merely about care for the environment but also about care for all relationships envisioned by the concept of shalom. Both the creation roots and covenant roots link Sabbath to redemption and recreation. Together, these roots give us the direction that humans will journey when caring for each other and for this earth. The fatal flaw in the UN sustainable development movement is presented.
Observer-based Control of Uncertain Linear Systems: Recovering State Feedback Robustness Under Matching Condition

In this paper we study the problem of observer design for a class of state-feedback controllers that includes high-gain linear control, continuous approximations of min-max control and continuous approximations of variable structure control. Assuming that the state-feedback controller robustly stabilizes the system in the presence of matched parametric uncertainties, we are to design the observer such that the observer-based control recovers the stability robustness of the state-feedback-control. We will show that it is possible to design such an observer, if the nominal, system is left-invertible and minimum-phase.
A Novel Mechanism by Which Interferon-γ Can Regulate Interleukin (IL)-13 Responses EVIDENCE FOR INTRACELLULAR STORES OF IL-13 RECEPTOR α-2 AND THEIR RAPID MOBILIZATION BY INTERFERON-γ

Interleukin (IL)-13 mediates its activities via a complex receptor system. Interleukin-13 receptor α-1 chain (IL-13Rα1) binds IL-13 with low affinity, but does not signal. However, when IL-13Rα1 combines with IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), a signaling high affinity receptor complex for IL-13 is generated. In contrast, IL-13Rα2 alone binds IL-13 with high affinity, but does not signal and has been postulated to be a decoy receptor. Herein, we investigated the cellular localization of IL-13Rα2 and the regulation of its expression by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in primary and cultured cells. Our results demonstrate that IL-13Rα2 is largely an intracellular molecule, which is rapidly mobilized from intracellular stores following treatment with interferon (IFN)-γ. Up-regulation of IL-13Rα2 surface expression in response to IFN-γ was rapid, did not require protein synthesis, and resulted in diminished IL-13 signaling. These results provide the first evidence that the IL-13Rα2 is predominantly an intracellular molecule and demonstrate a novel mechanism by which IFN-γ can regulate IL-13 responses.