cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of distant metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts.

The charts of 5,019 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts who completed treatment for cure from January 1948 through August 1973, were reviewed. These patients had no evidence of distant metastases when initially evaluated. Five hundred and forty-six patients developed clinical evidence of distant metastases. The overall incidence of distant metastases was 10.9%, varying from 3.1% for vocal cord cancers to 28.1% for cancer of the nasopharynx. The lungs and bones were the most common first sites of metastases, accounting for 52% and 20.3% respectively, whereas metastases to the mediastinum (2.9%) were rare. Forty-eight percent of the metastases were detected within nine months after treatment and 80% were detected within two years. The rate of distant metastases increased with the stage (2% for Stage I to 19.5% for Stage IV). The rate also increased with the T and N classification; however, the N stage had greater influence on the rate of metastases than the T stage. The incidence of distant metastases was significantly higher when there was a recurrence above the clavicles (16.7%) than when there was no recurrence (7.9%, less than 0.001). In patients whose primary lesion was treated by radiotherapy or surgery alone, the incidence was essentialy the same. Patients receiving postoperative irradiation had double the incidence of the preoperative group (20.1% vs 9.9%--p less than .005); however, the sequence of modalities was not randomized.
Added value: the requirements of mine clearers and donors from new mine detection technologies

There are 3 distinct areas where the risk from mines could be reduced by the application of new technologies. These are: the identification of areas of contamination; detection of individual mines; and rendering safe of mines. The aim of this paper is to explain the requirements of mine clearers and donors from new mine detection technologies. The paper discusses: level 1 and 2 mine surveys; manual/mechanical mine clearance techniques and mine clearing dogs; standards in mine clearance; and the potential of new technologies. It is concluded that any new detection equipment that can promote operator confidence to the extent that mine clearers can dispense with (or speed up) manual clearance techniques whilst increasing the surface area that can be covered each day, will be regarded as adding value and will be a cost effective investment. Any new detection equipment that does not add value (i.e. does not allow mine clearers to dispense with or speed up existing survey or detection techniques) will be regarded as expensive and irrelevant and will not find a place in the developing and increasingly competitive world of humanitarian mine clearance.
Local linear regression for data with AR errors

In many statistical applications, data are collected over time, and they are likely correlated. In this paper, we investigate how to incorporate the correlation information into the local linear regression. Under the assumption that the error process is an auto-regressive process, a new estimation procedure is proposed for the nonparametric regression by using local linear regression method and the profile least squares techniques. We further propose the SCAD penalized profile least squares method to determine the order of auto-regressive process. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed procedure, and to compare the performance of the proposed procedures with the existing one. From our empirical studies, the newly proposed procedures can dramatically improve the accuracy of naive local linear regression with working-independent error structure. We illustrate the proposed methodology by an analysis of real data set.
Cosolvency. I. Some Non-Hydrogen Bonding Solutes with Non-Hydrogen Bonding Solvents

The solubility data for a series of non‐hydrogen bonding, monosubstituted benzenes in binary mixtures of water and non‐hydrogen bonding cosolvents is presented. Good correlation between log solubility and fraction cosolvent is obtained, therefore the estimation of solubility in mixed solvents by a log‐linear relationship can be attained. Slight positive or negative deviations from predicted solubility values are seen at high volume fractions of cosolvents. These deviations are attributed to the cosolvent‐water interactions.
The cytopathology of synovial sarcoma: a study of six cases, with emphasis on architecture and histopathologic correlation.

BACKGROUND In this article, the architectural and cytologic features of synovial sarcoma are described. METHODS Romanowsky- and Papanicolaou-stained fine-needle aspiration smears and corresponding hematoxylin and eosin sections were retrieved from archival material and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS Microtissue fragments comprised of spindle cells dominated smears and correlated with fibrosarcoma-like areas prevalent in tissue sections. Characteristic fascicular and whorled patterns were apparent, and matrix material representing collagenous stroma varied from fibrillary to hyalinized. Epithelial components included polygonal and rectangular cells isolated from spindle cells, gland-like formations occurring within otherwise spindle cell microtissue fragments, and clubbed, spindle cell collections lined by flattened epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Features of synovial sarcoma as defined previously by histopathology were apparent in cytologic preparations, facilitating a primary diagnosis by cytology. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 1998;84:42-9. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Multifactor measurement of bodily feelings: Conceptual development, scale construction, and empirical validation

A series of studies is described demonstrating a coherent exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic approach to the scaling of self-reported bodily feelings. This approach attempts to optimize the orthogonality, parsimony, and meaningfulness of a multifactor inventory. Psychometric properties of the resulting 35-item Bodily Feeling Scale (BFS) are presented and its comparability with other inventories is discussed. A validity study using item-content-based scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory showed both concurrent and discriminative validity of the BFS. Implications for clinical and research utility are discussed.
Effect of mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on plasma testosterone in male alligators, with observations on the nature of alligator hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Abstract Mature and subadult male alligators (30–50 kg body wt) were injected with a single dose (500 μg) of synthetic LH-RH. A blood sample was taken immediately before the hormone was injected and additional samples taken either at 24-hr or at 2-hr intervals up to 8 hr followed by a 24-hr sample. Testosterone concentrations in the blood were then determined by radioimmunoassay. LH-RH caused an increase in plasma testosterone in all animals by 2 hr. Plasma testosterone was still significantly higher in the LH-RH-injected animals than in the saline-injected group at 24 hr. Alligators, therefore, differ from other reptiles in that they respond to the mammalian hormone. Hypothalamic tissue from immature alligators was extracted and tested for the presence of immunoreactive LH-RH-like material using two different antisera. One of the antisera (IJ-29) did not cross-react with the tissue extract, whereas a good parallel displacement curve was obtained when the extract was tested against the other antiserum (R-42). Based on the known specificities of the antisera we conclude that alligator hypothalamic tissue contains an LH-RH-like peptide that differs from the mammalian hormone in at least the 8 position, and that alligator LH-RH may be similar to chicken LH-RH.
Unified theory for estimating frequency-of-occurrence laws and optical objects

What is the optimum estimator for optical objects and other occurrence-rate distributions, such as for droplet size? Any contender must obey positivity: optical objects are nonnegative energy sources, and occurrence rates cannot be negative. Maximum entropy has been a contender, but it occurs in at least four forms—used by Jaynes, Burg, Kullbach, and Kikuchi and Soffer. Is any of these the correct one? And, if so, under what conditions? Our viewpoint is that a higher principle should be used that becomes one of the entropy forms, or some other form, under different conditions of prior knowledge. Such a principle is maximum likelihood (ML). We have derived a general ML estimator for spatially incoherent photon or electron objects, using a conventional statistical-physics approach. Results are also applied to other occurrence-rate problems, in particular that of water-droplet or snowflake size in a cloud. The ML estimator accommodates all physical and statistical prior knowledge about the unknown that may be known to the user. The physical knowledge for the optical problem includes the taking conditions (exposure time, pixel-cell size), coherence conditions, and either the Bose–Einstein or the Fermi–Dirac nature of the quanta involved. Statistical knowledge enters through an object-class law on joint intensities, or on occurrences, across the unknown. Specific forms of statistical knowledge are assumed in turn: strong, empirical, none at all, and negative. The resulting ML estimators are maximum (Shannon) entropy, maximum Kikuchi–Soffer entropy, minimum entropy, maximum or minimum cross entropy, maximum Burg or weighted-Burg entropy, minimum photon-site entropy, maximum empirical entropy, or no estimator at all. Other estimators exist as well, depending on the prior knowledge at hand. It behooves the user to define the prior knowledge that most accurately and completely defines his problem.
Determination of the functional dissociation constant of a partial agonist by comparison with a higher efficacy agonist.

Abstract A formula derived by Gero and Tallarida (1977) relates the equilibrium dissociation constant of a partial agonist (P) and that of a second agonist (A) of greater efficacy that acts on the same receptor. The second agonist may or may not be a strong agonist. Accordingly, if the dissociation constant (K) of one of the compounds is known, say from the method of partial irreversible receptor blockade, then the dissociation constant for the other may be determined from the complete concentration-effect curves of the compounds and the derived formula: K p = K A (A p − A i ) P i /(A p + K A )A i , where P i and A i are equieffective concentrations of P and A, Ap = the concentration of A that gives an effect = the maximum effect of P. The practical use of this formula is illustrated here for several agonists, and for each, the value of K obtained is compared to that obtained by partial irreversible receptor blockade. In all cases tested, the agreement is quite good, thus suggesting that this method may be a practical alternative.
Differential expression of arc mRNA and other plasticity-related genes induced by nicotine in adolescent rat forebrain

Relatively little attention has been focused on mechanisms related to neural plasticity and drug abuse in adolescence, compared with abundant research using adult animal models. As smoking is typically initiated in adolescence, an important question to address is whether the adolescent brain responds differently to nicotine compared with the adult. To investigate this question, we examined the expression of a number of early response genes (arc, c-fos and NGFI-B) that have been implicated in synaptic plasticity and addiction, following acute nicotine in adolescent and adult rats. Baseline expression of arc and c-fos was higher in adolescent brains compared with adults. Following acute nicotine treatment (0.1, 0.4 mg/kg), we found a marked induction of arc mRNA in the prefrontal cortex of nicotine-treated adolescents compared with a less pronounced increase of arc in the adult. c-fos and NGFI-B were also upregulated by nicotine, but not in an age-related manner. In contrast, nicotine induced less arc, c-fos, and NGFI-B expression in the somatosensory cortex of adolescents compared with adults. A fourth gene, quinoid dihydropteridine reductase was expressed at lower levels in white matter of the adolescent forebrain compared with the adult, but was not affected by nicotine. These results suggest that in adolescence, the activity of specific early response genes is higher in brain regions critical for emotional regulation and decision-making. Further, nicotine affects key plasticity molecules in these areas in a manner different from the adult. Thus, adolescence may represent a neurobiologically vulnerable period with regard to nicotine exposure.
PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ACID PHOSPHATASE VERSUS ACID PHOSPHATASE IN MONITORING PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER*

Serial levels of PAP and AcP activity were compared for their relative values in monitoring 57 early and 33 advanced prostate cancer patients. Several findings regarding the patients' disease status and the enzyme levels have been observed that may be beneficial to therapeutic management of these patients. They are: [1] an elevated PAP activity in disease recurrence and disease progression generally precedes an elevated AcP activity, and thus represents a more sensitive index for patients with early and advanced disease; [2] serial mean levels of PAP activity greater than the mean + 3 SD are more predictive for disease recurrence and progression than are those of AcP activity in both groups of patients; [3] PAP activity is a more sensitive monitor for changes in objective treatment response than is AcP activity; and [4] PAP is more specific than AcP for prostate, thus offering a more reliable marker to identify metastasis of unknown origin, or to confirm metastasis derived from a primary prostate tumor that may have been suggested by other non-prostate-specific marker[s]. In addition, data suggest a favorable prognosis for patients receiving therapy as inferred by a serial mean of PAP activity that is less than mean + 3 SD.
Public Access to Lake Superior and Attribute Values of Proximate Non-Shoreline Property

Abstract Increasing shoreline development along the Great Lakes has caused public concern regarding the loss of associated ecological attributes. In more remote areas, such as Lake Superior's shoreline, informal public access to shoreline across private property is becoming less common as lakeshore properties are subdivided and developed. Shoreline development increases property values and is an important source of tax revenue for local governments. Using hedonic analysis 162 non-shoreline properties within 3 miles of Michigan's Lake Superior shoreline were examined to determine if proximity to formal public access to the Lake increased property value. Distance to public access to Lake Superior was a statistically significant variable in explaining land value per acre, as were variables for parcel size, county, stumpage value, view, road access, and distance to towns. Fifty-three shoreline parcels were also examined. For shoreline parcels, parcel size, lakefront length, beach type, county, and distance to a small town were statistically significant. Distance to public access to Lake Superior was not statistically significant for shoreline properties.
Phase Diagram of a Ternary Mixture of Cholesterol and Saturated and Unsaturated Lipids Calculated from a Microscopic Model

We employ a molecular model to study a ternary mixture of saturated lipid, with tails of 16 carbons, a monounsaturated lipid with tails of 18 carbons, and cholesterol. The model, solved within mean-field theory, produces several forms of phase diagrams depending upon the relative strengths of interactions, but only one that shows the coexistence of two liquid phases observed in experiment. The lipids in the phase rich in cholesterol are more ordered than those in the other. The binary cholesterol, saturated lipid system also exhibits liquid, liquid coexistence.
Message framing and consumer responses to organic seafood labeling

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of different label-message formats (positively vs negatively framed messages) on consumers’ purchase intentions in an organic seafood shopping setting, along with the moderating effects of two individual characteristics (purchase-decision involvement and perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE)) on the message-framing performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from 1,698 consumers of a supermarket chain in the northeast region of the USA using a web-based experiment. Findings – Results of this study support the superiority of a positively framed message over a negatively framed message in persuading consumers to buy organic food. In addition, this effect of framing on persuasion is contingent upon different levels of consumer purchase-decision involvement as well as PCE concerning organic products. Practical implications – This study offers managerial implications for marketers and retailers, messages appealing the environmenta...
Airway management and CO2 laser treatment of subglottic and tracheal stenosis using flexible bronchoscope and laryngeal mask anesthesia

Mild-to-moderate subglottic and tracheal stenosis can be effectively treated endoscopically, but safe airway management is a key concern. Options have included tracheotomy, jet ventilation, and intermittent apnea technique, each of which has limitations. This article presents the authors' endoscopic surgical technique using laryngeal mask anesthesia during CO 2 laser treatment of subglottic and tracheal stenosis. A flexible bronchoscope is passed through a laryngeal mask airway and permits continuous ventilation during treatment with a flexible CO 2 laser fiber or balloon dilator. This technique allows excellent airway control, access, and visualization during surgery and is easily mastered by anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists.
Transanal excision of rectal tumors using a laparoscopic stapler

A successful method for transanal excision of low-lying rectal tumors is described. With the use of laparoscopic staplers, these tumors can be completely and safely excised and adequate hemostasis obtained.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

Electron-microscopic observations were made of human gastric parietal cells in 22 gastric mucosal biopsies. Half of the specimens were taken during the nonsecretory phase of gastric function and half during active secretion following histamine stimulation. During secretory activity, the intracellular canals within the cytoplasm of the parietal cells became more prominent and complex, apparently reflecting an increase in the surface area of the canalicular membrane. Also, with secretion, there was a decrease in the number of cytoplasmic vesicles, which became oriented about the canaliculi. In contrast, the nonsecreting parietal cell contained large numbers of cytoplasmic vesicles generally distributed, and the canalicular system was shorter and less racemose.
Arthroscopic resection of glenoid labral tears in the athlete: A report of 29 cases

This article is a retrospective review of 28 overhead-throwing and striking athletes who underwent 29 arthroscopic partial glenoid labral resections. Indications for the procedure were a sudden inability to perform because of pain and the presence of a palpable "click" on clinical examination. At a minimum of 2 years follow-up, there was a statistically significant difference in the functional outcome between patients with stable and those with unstable glenohumral joints. In those with stable joints, there was a 91% good or excellent functional outcome. In those with unstable joints, there was a 25% good functional outcome and a 75% fair or poor functional outcome. We also noted a statistically significant difference in labral tear location between the stable and unstable glenohumeral joints. Seven of eight superior labral tears were in stable shoulders. Fourteen of 19 anterior labral tears were in stable shoulders. Both posterior labral tears were in unstable glenohumeral joints. Injury of the glenoid labrum without anatomic instability was observed in 72% of patients. Arthroscopic resection of a longitudinal labral tear in a stable shoulder can relieve the patient's discomfort and allow him or her to return to athletic competition. No patient developed clinical subluxation as a result of labral debridement, nor did any patient convert from a subluxing shoulder to a dislocating shoulder following surgery. In patients with anterior instability and labral tears, labral debridement was not a successful alternative to formal stabilization.
Synthesis and X-ray structures of (biphenoxide)Ti species: four and five coordinate complexes that crystallize as mixtures of diastereomers

Abstract A set of novel Ti(IV) crystal structures are described, where two diastereomers prefer to crystallize together in a 1:1 ratio in the unit cell. The achiral ligand 4,4′,6,6′-tetra-tert-butyl-2,2′-biphenol (1) reacted with chiral Ti(IV) complexes of the type Ti(Oi-Pr)2(OR*)2 to give (biphenoxide)Ti(OR*)2 [OR*=mentholate (4a) or borneolate (4b)] as a mixture of diastereomers (4a and 4a′, 4b and 4b′), in which the bis(phenoxide) ligand has the R and S configuration. An attempt to separate diastereomers 4a and 4a′ by crystallization resulted in a 1:1 mixture of these compounds in the unit cell. Diastereomers of 4a and 4b crystallized in the presence of CH3CN to give five coordinate trigonal bipyramidal complexes (biphenoxide)Ti(OR*)2(NCCH3) (5a, 5a′, 5b, 5b′). Compounds 5a and 5a′, and 5b and 5b′ again crystallized as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers.
THREE STEPS OF HOMOLOGY ASSESSMENT

AbstractN In 1 9 9 1 d e P in n a (C la d istic s 7 : 3 6 7 Ð3 9 4 ) c o in e d th e te rm p rim a ry h o m o lo g y a s th ep u ta tive h o m o lo g y sta te m e n ts p rio r to tre e re c o n stru c tio n . H o w e ve r, so m e c o n fu sio n stille x ists re g a rd in g th e c o n je c tu ra l n a tu re o f h o m o lo g y a n d to th e a n a lysis o f D N A se q u e n c e s. B yd ivid in g d e P in n a Os te rm p rim a ry h o m o lo g y in to to p o g ra p h ic a l id e n tity a n d c h a ra c te r sta teid e n tity, w e e m p h a size th e se q u e n tia l re fin e m e n t o f p u ta tive h o m o lo g y sta te m e n ts. W e d isc u ssth e p ro b le m o f tra n sfo rm a tio n a l ve rsu s ta x ic h o m o lo g y a n d e x p la in th e a p p lic a tio n o f o u rte rm s to D N A se q u e n c e d a ta . ! 1 9 9 6 T h e W illi H e n n ig S o c ie ty D efin itio n sT h is p a p e r is a n e la b o ra tio n o f d e P in n a Os (1 9 9 1 ) d isc u ssio n o f h o m o lo g y c o n -c e p ts, a sse ssm e n t a n d te stin g . T h a t p a p e r, a s th e first o f its k in d in Cladistics, isw id e ly c ite d a s th e p rim a ry re fe re n c e fo r m a n y o f th e id e a s w e w ill a d d re ss,a lth o u g h m o st in sig h ts in to h o m o lo g y h a ve lo n g p e d ig re e s b a c k in to th e p re vio u sc e n tu ry. D e P in n a (1 9 9 1 ) fo llo w e d P a tte rso n (1 9 8 2 ) (a n d m a n y o th e rs c ite d b y d eP in n a ) in e q u a tin g h o m o lo g y w ith syn a p o m o rp h y. T h is d e fin itio n h a s th e a d va n -ta g e o f m a k in g e x p lic it th e re la tio n a l a sp e c t o f h o m o lo g y: a h o m o lo g y is a c o n -d itio n sh a re d b y so m e su b se t o f ta x a in re la tio n to th e o th e r m e m b e rs o f a m o rein c lu sive se t o f ta x a la c k in g th a t c o n d itio n
Renormalized Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations of He 4 and O 16 with center-of-mass corrections

It is emphasized that the propagator-renormalized Brueckner-Hartree-Fock self-consistent field theory (RBHF) is an improvement over the unrenormalized Brueckner approximation plus rearrangement energy corrections for two main reasons: (i) through the renormalization of the off-diagonal matrix elements of the single-particle potential in a fixed basis the shape and size of the field are modified, leading to increased nuclear radii and improved density distributions which affect the expectation values of all observables; (ii) through the solution of coupled equations for the "true" occupation probabilities, occupancy-rearrangement effects are calculated self-consistently rather than merely to lowest order. For an accurate test of the RBHF approximation in light nuclei, center-of-mass (c.m.) corrections to the calculated properties are quite important. Two ways of making the c.m. corrections, discussed earlier, are applied and compared in calculations with the Reid soft-core and Hamada-Johnston interactions for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$. The RBHF equations are solved by matrix diagonalization in the harmonic-oscillator basis. The well depth of the oscillator reference potential for virtual "particle" states is determined by requiring self-consistency, for the low-lying "particle" states, with an average off-energy-shell RBHF self-energy. The binding energies are in good agreement with experiment, as is the radius of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, while the radius of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ is about 8% too small. A careful comparison of separation energies with experiment is made; c.m. corrections, the effect of spuriosity (presence of excited c.m. components) in the $0{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ hole state in $^{15}\mathrm{O}$ or $^{15}\mathrm{N}$, and second- and third-order rearrangement energies calculated earlier, are included. Details of density distributions and electron elastic scattering form factors are given. The possible existence of a dip in the proton density at the center of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle is discussed. The need for higher dimensionality in the calculation of form factors and properties of unbound single-particle states is established.
Molecular cloning of unintegrated visna viral DNA and characterization of frequent deletions in the 3′ terminus

Visna viral DNA, like other retroviral DNA, exists in two circular forms in infected cells. The larger probably contains two copies of the LTR, the smaller, one copy. Recombinant DNA techniques were used to clone unintegrated circular visna viral DNA in the lambda WES . lambda B vector. Circular visna viral DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme SstI, which yields a 9.2-kb viral DNA fragment containing 90% of the viral genome colinear with the restriction map of linear viral DNA. This fragment extends from a site about 900 bp from the left (5') end of the viral DNA molecule, through the 3' region, including U3 and R sequences at its right (3') end. The recombinant clones isolated contain visna viral DNA inserts which range in size from 3.1 kb to 9.2 kb. All the clones contain the 5' region intact, but most had sustained deletions of varying lengths in the 3' terminal region of the cloned fragment.
Density-Dependent Selection in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

We used vesicular stomatitis virus to test the effect of complementation on the relative fitness of a deleterious mutant, monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant (MARM) N, in competition with its wild-type ancestor. We carried out competitions of MARM N and wild-type populations at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) and initial ratios of the wild type to the mutant and found that the fitness of MARM N relative to that of the wild type is very sensitive to changes in the MOI (i.e., the degree of complementation) but depends little, if at all, on the initial frequencies of MARM N and the wild type. Further, we developed a mathematical model under the assumption that during coinfection both viruses contribute to a common pool of protein products in the infected cell and that they both exploit this common pool equally. Under such conditions, the fitness of all virions that coinfect a cell is the average fitness in the absence of coinfection of that group of virions. In the absence of coinfection, complementation cannot take place and the relative fitness of each competitor is only determined by the selective value of its own products. We found good agreement between our experimental results and the model predictions, which suggests that the wild type and MARM N freely share all of their gene products under coinfection.
Dye-pair reporter systems for protein-peptide molecular interactions.

Modifying a linear peptide near each terminus with a fluorescent dye can make it able to signal its own binding to a protein. As originally described, the dye pair is composed of fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine [Wei, A.-P., Blumenthal, D. K., and Herron, J. N. (1994) Anal. Chem. 66, 1500−1506]. This paper shows that it may also be two molecules of tetramethylrhodamine. In aqueous solution, mutual affinity of the dyes causes fluorescence-quenching contact between them. When the peptide is bound by an antibody or cleaved by a proteinase, or when acetonitrile is added, dye-to-dye contact decreases and fluorescence increases 3−15-fold. When five peptides of 4−20 amino acid residues were doubly modified with tetramethylrhodamine, each product had the absorption spectrum of a tetramethylrhodamine dimer. As the peptides were not known to have special conformational features, self-affinity of the dye appeared to be the main cause of dimerization. Disruption of the dye dimers by acetonitrile suggested that di...
Atomic structure of a {001} surface of Ni3Al.

A low-energy electron diffraction intensity analysis of a clean ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$Al{001} surface confirms the mixed-layer (50% Ni--50% Al) termination of this surface and reveals a small contraction of 2.8% of the first interlayer spacing (bulk value 1.78 A\r{}), with the Al atoms slightly farther out (0.02\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 A\r{}) than the Ni atoms, while the second interlayer spacing is bulklike.
Public opinions, alcohol consumption and policy changes in Finland, 1993–2013:

AimsThis article studies trends and patterns of public opinion on alcohol policy in relation to changes in alcohol policy and total alcohol consumption in Finland during the last twenty years.DesignWe first study changes in alcohol policy and total alcohol consumption, and then review and analyse data from public opinions surveys. General trends in the alcohol-policy opinion climate are studied, as well as specific questions such as opinions regarding age limits, pricing of alcoholic beverages and sales place of different alcoholic beverages.FindingsThe Finnish alcohol policy arena has undergone large changes during the last two decades which can also be noted as a growth in the total consumption of alcoholic beverages and related harms. In congruence with higher consumption levels of alcohol, also the share of the population in favour of more restrictive alcohol policies has risen.
Abstract 1861: EPHB4 as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Despite substantial improvements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal cancer, the prognosis of this disease remains bleak. Survival at 5 years for all esophageal cancer patients taken together, with amenable treatments and with or without surgery ranges from 5-20% (Cancer Facts and Figures. American Cancer Society 2011). Although a multidisciplinary approach to include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, alone or in combination, attempts to improve the survival of this aggressive disease, these statistics underscore the continued need for attention to this disease and for identification of new targets in its treatment. We have been studying the role of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in cancer, particularly the EphB4 receptor, which has become increasingly associated with the pathobiology of adult cancers over the past several years. It has been shown to be aberrantly expressed and/or to play an oncogenic role in cancers of the breast, bladder, ovary, uterus, colon, head and neck, and prostate through its effects on cellular motility, growth, and migration, as well as on tumors’ ability to induce neoangiogenesis. To date, its role and potential as a target for therapy in different cancers have not been thoroughly investigated and remain poorly understood. Targeted inactivation of EphB4 and its ligand Ephrin-B2 have demonstrated that both are essential for angiogenic remodeling and embryonic survival (Adams and Klein 2000; Kim, Hu et al. 2008). In this report, we determine that EphB4 is overexpressed, has increased gene copy number and is involved in enhanced motility and migration in esophageal cancer. Archival patient samples consisting of 93 squamous cell carcinoma, 100 adenocarcinoma and 25 adjacent normal control samples as well as four adenocarcinoma and nine squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were used for the studies. Extensive mouse modeling of esophageal cancer was also used. We have reported that there is consistently higher expression of EphB4 in both squamous and adenocarcinoma compared to adjacent normal tissue with a statistically significant correlation between EphB4 expression and higher grades of squamous cell carcinoma. In a chemically induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma model in mice, EphB4 was found overexpressed compared to normal controls. This study identifies EphB4 to be an important pathway in esophageal neoplastic lesions. It would now be useful to bring this to clinical fruition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1861. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1861
Like a virgin: The men don't know, but the little girls understand

(1987). Like a virgin: The men don't know, but the little girls understand. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 5-16.
Comparing Bortezomib to Traditional Therapies for Antibody-Mediated Rejection (AMR): Out with the Old?

Purpose Novel therapies are emerging for treatment of AMR, but minimal data is available comparing efficacy and safety with prevailing treatments. We tested whether the efficacy of bortezomib (Bzb) in lowering donor antibody antibodies (DSA) was improved over standard plasmapheresis (PP)/ IVIG or rituximab therapy for AMR. Methods and Materials Ten adult heart transplant recipients with DSA mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) >1000, biopsy-proven, and/or clinically suspicious AMR were treated for 20 episodes between February 2010 to August 2012. Treatment consisted of PP (5 days) with IVIG (2 g/kg), rituximab (375 mg/m²), and/or Bzb (0.7-1 mg/m² x 4) at least 30 days apart. Antibody titers were measured via single antigen Luminex® assay before and after therapy. Parametric and non-parametric comparisons, linear and logistic regression were used as appropriate to assess outcomes. Results There was a greater reduction in DSA with Bzb therapy (beta=0.58, 95% CI 0.16-0.90, p=0.01) when adjusting for time to AMR. In those with compromised ejection fraction, there was improvement after Bzb therapy (p=0.03). Patient survival in both groups was 100% at 60 days. Conclusions Compared to PP/IVIG or rituximab, Bzb was more effective in reducing DSA without a significant effect on the incidence of infection or survival in this limited data set. There is indication for a randomized controlled trial comparing Bzb to standard AMR therapies to help determine clinical and survival benefit. Patient Characteristics Other (n=11) Bortezomib (n=10) p-value PTD at AMR 427.9 ± 417.6 1610.2 ± 2470.4 0.13 DSA MFI at AMR 6966.4 ± 5231.2 7282.0 ± 5874.9 0.90 DSA MFI post-therapy 6419.9 ± 4515.5 5100.8 ± 5754.5 0.56 % MFI decrease 0.00 ± 0.37 0.37 ± 0.52 0.05 Cylex 493.7 ± 190.5 580.4 ± 159.5 0.31 Allograft Dysfunction 36.4% 60.0% 0.40 EMB + 72.7% 70.0% 0.89 VAD 72.7% 60.0% 0.66 Late AMR 36.4% 50.0% 0.67 Infection 54.5% 50.0% 0.84
Regarding exchange of the 2-hydrogen of thiamine through the tetrahedral intermediate formed by nucleophilic addition

Abstract Kinetic data demonstrates that the exchange of hydrogen at the 2-position of thiazolium ions cannot occur through the tetrahedral intermediate formed by nueleophilic addition of hydroxide to the 2-position.
Surface free energies of three-dimensional Ising models and universality of finite-size scaling amplitudes by direct Monte Carlo sampling.

Direct Monte Carlo sampling is employed to obtain estimates of excess surface free energies of three-dimensional Ising models at criticality. Results for simple and body-centered-cubic lattices provide strong evidence for the universality of finite-size scaling amplitudes and in particular the related interaction per unit area, mediated via the incipient long-ranged correlations, of two free surfaces a finite distance apart.
NO2 inhalation induces maturation of pulmonary CD11c+ cells that promote antigen-specific CD4+ T cell polarization

Background: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an air pollutant associated with poor respiratory health, asthma exacerbation, and an increased likelihood of inhalational allergies. NO2 is also produced endogenously in the lung during acute inflammatory responses. NO2 can function as an adjuvant, allowing for allergic sensitization to an innocuous inhaled antigen and the generation of an antigen-specific Th2 immune response manifesting in an allergic asthma phenotype. As CD11c + antigen presenting cells are considered critical for naive T cell activation, we investigated the role of CD11c + cells in NO2-promoted allergic sensitization. Methods: We systemically depleted CD11c + cells from transgenic mice expressing a simian diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor under of control of the CD11c promoter by administration of DT. Mice were then exposed to 15 ppm NO2 followed by aerosolized ovalbumin to promote allergic sensitization to ovalbumin and were studied after subsequent inhaled ovalbumin challenges for manifestation of allergic airway disease. In addition, pulmonary CD11c + cells from wildtype mice were studied after exposure to NO2 and ovalbumin for cellular phenotype by flow cytometry and in vitro cytokine production. Results: Transient depletion of CD11c + cells during sensitization attenuated airway eosinophilia during allergen challenge and reduced Th2 and Th17 cytokine production. Lung CD11c + cells from wildtype mice exhibited a significant increase in MHCII, CD40, and OX40L expression 2 hours following NO2 exposure. By 48 hours, CD11c + MHCII + DCs within the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) expressed maturation markers, including CD80, CD86, and OX40L. CD11c + CD11b - and CD11c + CD11b + pulmonary cells exposed to NO2 in vivo increased uptake of antigen 2 hours post exposure, with increased ova-Alexa 647 + CD11c + MHCII + DCs present in MLN from NO2exposed mice by 48 hours. Co-cultures of ova-specific CD4 + T cells from naive mice and CD11c + pulmonary cells from NO2-exposed mice produced IL-1, IL-12p70, and IL-6 in vitro and augmented antigen-induced IL-5 production. Conclusions: CD11c + cells are critical for NO2-promoted allergic sensitization. NO2 exposure causes pulmonary CD11c + cells to acquire a phenotype capable of increased antigen uptake, migration to the draining lymph node, expression of MHCII and co-stimulatory molecules required to activate naive T cells, and secretion of polarizing cytokines to shape a Th2/Th17 response.
The curious case of miRNAs in circulation: potential diagnostic biomarkers?

The pervasive occurrence of cell-free miRNAs in circulation suggests that these species play an emerging role as regulatory molecules in the secretory environment. Are these molecules released fortuitously with no clear biological intent? Or do they constitute a regulatory architecture that has evolved to modulate gene expression using the highways and byways of the circulatory system? The study of circulating miRNAs continues to increase our understanding of the regulation of genomes. The diversity of acellular miRNAs from a functional perspective is discussed, and in particular we explore their utility in a clinical setting as blood-based biomarkers for diseases. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:129–138. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1149 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Improving Data Access for Computational Grid Applications

High-performance computing increasingly occurs on "computational grids" composed of heterogeneous and geographically distributed systems of computers, networks, and storage devices that collectively act as a single "virtual" computer. A key challenge in this environment is to provide efficient access to data distributed across remote data servers. Our parallel I/O framework, called Armada, allows application and data-set providers to flexibly compose graphs of processing modules that describe the distribution, application interfaces, and processing required of the dataset before computation. Although the framework provides a simple programming model for the application programmer and the data-set provider, the resulting graph may contain bottlenecks that prevent efficient data access. In this paper, we present an algorithm used to restructure Armada graphs that distributes computation and data flow to improve performance in the context of a wide-area computational grid.
Automated diagnostics for resonance signature recognition on IMAGE/RPI plasmagrams

[1] The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) aboard the IMAGE spacecraft probes plasma at both far and near ranges by means of radio sounding. The RPI plasmagrams, similar in their concept to the ground-based and topside ionograms, contain not only a variety of signatures pertaining to the remote plasma structures and boundaries, but also a suite of the local plasma resonances stimulated by the RPI radio transmissions. Detection and interpretation of the resonance signatures is a valuable diagnostic tool providing the actual electron density and magnetic field strength at the spacecraft location, which are needed for the accurate processing of the remote sensing information on the plasmagrams. The high volume of the RPI sounding data demanded the development of automated techniques for routine interpretation of the plasmagrams. This paper discusses a new method for the detection and interpretation of the resonance signatures in the RPI plasmagrams that employs pattern recognition techniques to localize the signatures and identifies them in relation to model-based resonances.
GENDER AND MEDICAL INSURANCE: A Test of Human Capital Theory

This research investigates gender differences in employer-sponsored medical insurance coverage among full-time male and female workers in the United States and assesses the relevance of human capital theory and its compensating differentials corollary in predicting coverage. Data are analyzed from a subsample of the Quality of Employment Survey, a national probability sample of workers in the United States. Results indicate that men were more likely to have medical insurance coverage from their employers than were women; however, gender differences were minimized in a multivariate context when human capital and structural variables were controlled. Furthermore, human capital variables are, overall, weak predictors of whether both women and men received coverage. More generally, the data suggest that structural conditions of the occupation, rather than individual human capital, may be most relevant for future research.
Emergency contraception. Nurses can empower women.

Despite the record number of contraception options available today unintended pregnancy occurs for a significant number of women. In more than half of these pregnancies the couple was using some form of birth control to prevent pregnancy. Most birth control methods are effective in preventing pregnancy when used accurately and consistently but condoms slip or break or a pill can be forgotten. Unplanned pregnancy is a major health economic and social issue for women. Approximately half of all unplanned pregnancies end in abortion. The rate of unintended pregnancy in the U.S. has decreased during the past decade but is highest among young less-educated and lower-income women. Factors that have contributed to the decline in unintended pregnancy include: decreased adolescent sexual activity; increased use and effectiveness of contraceptives; improved federal funding for family planning services. (excerpt)
Effect of empty uterine space on birth intervals and fetal and placental development in pigs

A substantial loss of embryos occurs between Days 30 and 40 of pregnancy in the pig under crowded intrauterine conditions, but it is not clear whether this loss affects the growth of adjacent conceptuses. Birth intervals are known to increase with decreasing litter size, but the factors responsible are unknown. Two possibilities are that increased birth weight associated with reduced litter size and the empty uterine space and resulting constricted uterine regions that occur in pigs with small litters may impair piglet delivery. To address these, pregnant gilts were laparotomized on Day 35 of pregnancy and one or two fetuses were manually crushed through the uterine wall on the ovarian or cervical end of each uterine horn to create an empty uterine space behind or in front of the litter of piglets, respectively, in relation to the route of delivery from the uterus. A subset of gilts was slaughtered at 105 days of gestation to confirm that the empty uterine spaces were successfully created and to determine their effects on placental and fetal weights of adjacent conceptuses. At slaughter, the lengths of all externally visible empty constricted regions of the uterus were measured. The uterine horns were opened and the lengths of each placenta were measured from the umbilicus toward the ovary and toward the cervix to assess whether placentas developed symmetrically, and then each fetus and placenta was weighed. Fetal crushing successfully created constricted empty uterine regions on the ovarian and cervical ends of the uterine horns. Ovarian-side placental lengths were greater than cervical-side for conceptuses adjacent to fetuses crushed on the ovarian end of the horn. Cervical-side placental lengths were greater than ovarian-side for conceptuses adjacent to fetuses crushed on the cervical end. Both placental and fetal weights were greater (10% and 6%, respectively, P<0.05) for conceptuses adjacent to crushed fetuses compared to nonadjacent conceptuses. Remaining gilts were farrowed to determine the effect of litter size, average birth weights, and treatment on birth intervals of piglets, which were monitored using 24-h video surveillance. The negative association between number of piglets born alive and average birth interval was confirmed and was not explained by litter size-induced reduction in litter average birth weights. Birth intervals and stillbirth rate did not differ between cervically- and ovarian-treated gilts. These results indicate that conceptus loss on Day 35 of gestation can benefit the growth of adjacent placentas and fetuses, but the benefit is small. Increased average birth weight and the presence of empty uterine space that occurs when litter size is reduced does not fully explain the effect of litter size on birth intervals.
In Memoriam: JQ Johnson

I first met JQ Johnson in person at the Frye Leadership Institute, held at Emory University in the summer of 2008. Frye, at that point, was an intensive two week experience that brought together 47 librarians and information and educational technology professionals with provosts, faculty, trustees, students, lobbyists, and others in order to consider more broadly the current and future state of higher education. We talked, listened, asked questions, argued, laughed, slept, and ate (and drank) in the Emory Conference Center Hotel for two weeks, and at the end of those two weeks we were more or less a family. To lose a member of that family has been heart-wrenching.