cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Carp and Rainbow Trout

Abstract The symptoms of acute fluoride intoxication in carp and rainbow trout include lethargy, violent and erratic movement, and death where there is partial or complete muscle contraction. Excessive mucus production associated with an increase in mucous cells in the epithelium of the head region and the gills also occurs. Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of the serum proteins in carp blood are evident. There is an increase in the fluoride concentration of the bones and a hypertrophy of the ultimobranchial gland. Rainbow trout embryos display initial symptoms similar to adult fish, including lethargy, violent movement, and tetany. Rupturing of the chorion by the embryo is attributed to violent movement during the onset of intoxication. Lethal doses and the sensitivities of fish to the toxin are dependent on several variables including size of fish, temperature of medium, and calcium and chloride concentration of the medium. It was demonstrated that there is an uptake of fluoride in muscle tissue, ...
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to aVeillonellaspecies from a Continuous-Flow Culture System of Chicken Cecal Bacteria

Administering native intestinal flora to newly hatched chicks protects against cecal Salmonella colonization, and is known as competitive exclusion. Continuous-flow culture systems have been used to maintain defined competitive exclusion cultures. We have recently demonstrated that such a stable continuous-flow culture, CF3, contains 29 bacterial strains representing ten genera. Broiler chicks treated with CF3 are protected against Salmonella colonization of the ceca. Such protection is correlated with elevated concentrations of proprionic acid in the cecal contents of treated chicks. In this study we report on the preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to one of the proprionic acid producing anaerobes contained in CF3, namely Veillonella CF3. Five different monoclonal antibodies were characterized with respect to: (1) isotype; (2)Veillonella specificity as judged by cross-reactivity profiles with other bacteria; (3) sensitivity as measured by the limit of detection of the number of colony forming units of Veillonella; and (4) antigen recognition of Veillonella by Western Blot analysis. These antibodies have been used to enumerate Veillonella in both the CF3 cultures and in the ceca of young chicks.
Second births among teenage mothers: program results and statistical methods

This paper uses survival analysis to examine three large-scale, multi-site, randomized, controlled programs that attempted to prevent or delay second births to teenagers. Statistically significant differences in the hypothesized direction were found between the intervention and the control groups in the Elmira and Memphis Home Visitation sites. No statistically significant differences in the hypothesized direction were found in the Teen Parent Welfare Demonstration overall or in any of its three sites or in all New Chance sites combined. Delaying second pregnancies among teenagers requires intensive efforts. Survival analysis is a more accurate and useful way of presenting program results than simple analysis of the proportion of women with a second birth.
Studies on serum stimulation of mouse fibroblast migration

Evidence is presented that the factor present in rat serum that promotes the migration of mouse fibroblasts (3T3) is a high mol. wt molecule. Amino acids, Mg2+ and Ca2+ are essential for full expression of activity. Once exposed to serum there is an 8–10 h lag period before cell migration can be detected. Cycloheximide, velban, colchicine, actinomycin D, and cytochalasin B, all inhibit cellular migration from a wound edge.
German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race and Scholarship

German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race and Scholarship, Suzanne L. Marchand, Washington, DC: German Historical Institute, and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, ISBN: 978...
Microtubules in transcellular movement of procollagen.

Alteration of microtubular funtion modifies the rate at which procollagen is converted to collagen.
Planet-wide sand motion on Mars

Prior to Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data, images of Mars showed no direct evidence for dune and ripple motion. This was consistent with climate models and lander measurements indicating that winds of sufficient intensity to mobilize sand were rare in the low-density atmosphere. We show that many sand ripples and dunes across Mars exhibit movement of as much as a few meters per year, demonstrating that Martian sand migrates under current conditions in diverse areas of the planet. Most motion is probably driven by wind gusts that are not resolved in global circulation models. A past climate with a thicker atmosphere is only required to move large ripples that contain coarse grains.
Early ontogeny of D-amphetamine-induced one-trial behavioral sensitization.

The early ontogeny of D-amphetamine-induced one-trial behavioral sensitization was characterized using male and female preweanling and preadolescent rats. In Experiment 1, rats were injected with saline or D-amphetamine (1, 4, or 8 mg/kg) in activity chambers or the home cage on postnatal day (PD) 12, PD 16, PD 20, or PD 24. One day later, rats were challenged with either 0.5 or 2 mg/kg D-amphetamine and distance traveled was measured in activity chambers for 120 min. In Experiment 2, saline or D-amphetamine was administered in activity chambers on PD 24, while a challenge injection of D-amphetamine (0.25–4 mg/kg) was given on PD 25. At younger ages (PD 13 and PD 17), a strong sensitized response was evident on the test day regardless of whether rats were pretreated with D-amphetamine (4 or 8 mg/kg) before being placed in the activity chamber or 30 min after being returned to the home cage. Rats did not display D-amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization on PD 21, nor was context-dependent sensitization apparent on PD 25 even when a broad dose range of D-amphetamine was used. When low doses of D-amphetamine were administered on the pretreatment and test days (1 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively), sensitized responding was not evident at any age. In summary, D-amphetamine-induced one-trial behavioral sensitization was only apparent within a narrow developmental window during early ontogeny. This ontogenetic pattern of sensitized responding is similar to the one produced by methamphetamine and distinct from the pattern produced by cocaine. The unique sensitization profiles resulting from repeated D-amphetamine and cocaine treatment may be a consequence of their different mechanisms of action.
Device physics of quantum-well heterostructure MI 3 SFET's

A quantum-well heterostructure FET that is undoped except for a thin layer beneath the well and is fabricated in an ion-implanted self-aligned geometry is examined in experiments and computer simulations. Key aspects of the physics of this device, which relate to channel access, charge control, and deep-level trapping, are described.
Independence of myoelectric control signals examined using a surface EMG model

The detection volume of the surface electromyographic (EMG) signal was explored using a finite-element model, to examine the feasibility of obtaining independent myoelectric control signals from regions of reinnervated muscle. The selectivity of the surface EMG signal was observed to decrease with increasing subcutaneous fat thickness. The results confirm that reducing the interelectrode distance or using double-differential electrodes can increase surface EMG selectivity in an inhomogeneous volume conductor. More focal control signals can be obtained, at the expense of increased variability, by using the mean square value, rather than the root mean square or average rectified value.
Production, purification, and characterization of a highly glucose-tolerant novel beta-glucosidase from Candida peltata.

Candida peltata (NRRL Y-6888) produced beta-glucosidase when grown in liquid culture on various substrates (glucose, xylose, L-arabinose, cellobiose, sucrose, and maltose). An extracellular beta-glucosidase was purified 1,800-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of the yeast grown on glucose by salting out with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose, Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel filtration, and cellobiose-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. It was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50 degrees C and had a specific activity of 108 mumol.min-1.mg of protein-1 against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside (pNP beta G). The purified beta-glucosidase readily hydrolyzed pNP beta G, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose, with Km values of 2.3, 66, 39, 35, 21, and 18 mM, respectively. The enzyme was highly tolerant to glucose inhibition, with a Ki of 1.4 M (252 mg/ml). Substrate inhibition was not observed with 40 mM pNP beta G or 15% cellobiose. The enzyme did not require divalent cations for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). Ethanol at an optimal concentration (0.75%, vol/vol) stimulated the initial enzyme activity by only 11%. Cellobiose (10%, wt/vol) was almost completely hydrolyzed to glucose by the purified beta-glucosidase (1.5 U/ml) in both the absence and presence of glucose (6%). Glucose production was enhanced by 8.3% when microcrystalline cellulose (2%, wt/vol) was treated for 24 h with a commercial cellulase preparation (cellulase, 5 U/ml; beta-glucosidase, 0.45 U/ml) that was supplemented with purified beta-glucosidase (0.4 U/ml).
Three Hundred Years of Bar Theory

This analysis reviews the ideas, insights and assumptions that are critical for a comprehensive formulation of a theory for bars. One assumption, the Wagner hypothesis, was thought to be necessary for explaining what appears to be pure torsional buckling when certain bars are compressed. The characterization of the phenomenon as pure torsional buckling is incorrect. The hypothesis is not needed, and without it, the theory returns to a simpler and more rational earlier form. Bar theory had its early beginnings in 1705, when James Bernoulli proposed that the curvature of a bent bar is proportional to the bending moment and that internal resisting couples result from the extensions and contractions of the bar’s longitudinal filaments. Daniel Bernoulli, James’s nephew, communicated the idea to Leonhard Euler in 1742, and Euler, acting on it, solved the elastica problem in 1744 Love 1944 . Later, Euler defined buckling and computed buckling loads. His work laid the foundation of what is known as stability theory. Euler considered a bar as though it were a line of particles that curved in accordance with Bernoulli’s principle. In 1776, Charles Augustin de Coulomb Love 1944 examined the normal planes of a bent bar. By assuming that the profiles did not warp plane sections remain plane and with known or assumed properties for the bar’s material, he was able to determine the neutral axis for bending. From that time, the bar was considered as a threedimensional body for purposes of analysis. It is evident that bar theory rests on “special hypotheses” that make it approximate. Plate and shell theories are also approximate for their dependency on special hypotheses. Such theories are useful and occasionally needed, as when the elasticity solution is not available. They typically supply the stresses, strains, and deformations that most concern the structural engineer and machine designer and are simpler to use than the elasticity theory. The drawback to an approximate theory is that it often produces inconsistent and incomplete results. For example, bar theory is inconsistent when it predicts a transverse shear stress on the normal plane of the bar and neglects the shear strain it should produce. It is incomplete as well because a prismatic bar of irregular cross section will generally not have a true shear center and shear centerline so that it is not possible to know whether transverse loads will twist the bar as well as bend it. S. Timoshenko suggested that for some bars, the error might be small if the centroid line is also taken to be the shear centerline. Elasticity theory is considered to be exact because its results are complete and consistent. However, it includes one glaring inconsistency that is masked by specifying that it is meant for use when strains and displacements are small. An analysis begins with the initial configuration of the body, and that configuration is used to express the equilibrium of the deformed body in its final state. If a truer representation is desired, the loads may be incrementally applied and the configuration determined after each in-
Sexual dimorphism and directional sexual selection on aposematic signals in a poison frog

It is commonly assumed that natural selection imposed by predators is the prevailing force driving the evolution of aposematic traits. Here, we demonstrate that aposematic signals are shaped by sexual selection as well. We evaluated sexual selection for coloration brightness in populations of the poison frog Oophaga [Dendrobates] pumilio in Panama's Bocas del Toro archipelago. We assessed female preferences for brighter males by manipulating the perceived brightness of spectrally matched males in two-way choice experiments. We found strong female preferences for bright males in two island populations and weaker or ambiguous preferences in females from mainland populations. Spectral reflectance measurements, coupled with an O. pumilio-specific visual processing model, showed that O. pumilio coloration was significantly brighter in island than in mainland morphs. In one of the island populations (Isla Solarte), males were significantly more brightly colored than females. Taken together, these results provide evidence for directional sexual selection on aposematic coloration and document sexual dimorphism in vertebrate warning coloration. Although aposematic signals have long been upheld as exemplars of natural selection, our results show that sexual selection should not be ignored in studies of aposematic evolution.
Cationic polymerization of β-pinene and styrene

The yield, composition, and molecular weight of homopolymers and copolymers of β-pinene and styrene are described as a function of the feed, temperature, and solvent. Fractionation, gel permeation chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of GPC fractions are used as analytical tools to present evidence for copolymerization in methylene dichloride. Additional support for copolymerization is obtained from the relation of polymer composition to percent conversion. The reduction of molecular weights of homopolymers by aromatic solvents was investigated.
Genetic screening for cystic fibrosis

The importance of the recent recommendations that address cystic fibrosis carrier screening cannot be overemphasized. For the first time, a systematic approach to offering or making screening available to all pregnant women in the hopes of providing refined risk estimates for a genetic disease has been established. Caucasian of European or Ashkenazi-Jewish descent should be offered screening. Within the proposed guidelines are ethnic-specific carrier frequencies (1/29) used to establish who should be offered testing and to whom testing should be made available. Recent recommendations have made clear that in a pan-ethnic population a frequency of 1/1,000 is required for inclusion into the cystic fibrosis mutation panel. A general framework for screening during pregnancy has been established (either concurrent or sequential). It will be interesting to watch as the fruits of the human genome project are inspected and applied to everyday clinical practice. No doubt the cost of screening will be reduced through advances in technology. The combined efforts of NIH, ACOG, and ACMG have provided the first set of comprehensive standards for screening of recessive diseases. How time changes these guidelines deserves following.
Positional effects of monofluorinated phenylalanines on histone acetyltransferase stability and activity

To explore the impact of global incorporation of fluorinated aromatic amino acids on protein function, we investigated the effects of three monofluorinated phenylalanine analogs para-fluorophenylalanine (pFF), meta-fluorophenylalanine (mFF), and ortho-fluorophenylalanine (oFF) on the stability and enzymatic activity of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT), tGCN5. We selected this set of fluorinated amino acids because they bear the same size and overall polarity but alter in side chain shape and dipole direction. Our experiments showed that among three fluorinated amino acids, the global incorporation of pFF affords the smallest perturbation to the structure and function of tGCN5.
Polycrystalline Si Films Fabricated by Low Temperature Selective Nucleation and Solid Phase Epitaxy Process

With a selective nucleation and solid phase epitaxy (SNSPE) process, grain sizes of 10 μ have been achieved to date at 620°C in 100 nrm thick silicon films on amorphous SiO2, with potential for greater grain sizes. Selective nucleation occurs via a thin film reaction between a patterned array of 20 rnm thick indium islands which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites on the amorphous silicon starting material. Crystal growth proceeds by lateral solid phase epitaxy from the nucleation sites, during the incubation time for random nucleation. The largest achievable grain size by SNSPE is thus approximately the product of the incubation time and the solid phase epitaxy rate. Electronic dopants, such as B, P, and Al, are found to enhance the solid phase epitaxy rate and affect the nucleation rate.
Two Sides of the Same Coin? The Differing Roles of Assets and Consumer Debt in Marriage

This study examines whether assets and consumer debts relate to change in marital satisfaction and conflict in opposing ways or in independent ways. It also tests whether these relationships are direct or mediated. Using a nationally representative longitudinal sample, the results indicate that assets and consumer debt influence change in marital outcomes in mostly independent rather than complementary ways. Consistent with prior literature, assets work indirectly by decreasing feelings of economic pressure. Consumer debt, however, directly predicts changes in marital conflict, even after controlling for variables in the family stress model. Debts also act indirectly by decreasing depression once economic pressure is included in the model. This unexpected suppressor effect suggests that the meaning of debts may not be straightforward.
Equitable versus nearly equitable coloring and the Chen-Lih-Wu conjecture

Chen, Lih, and Wu conjectured that for r ≥ 3, the only connected graphs with maximum degree at most r that are not equitably r-colorable are K r,r (for odd r) and K r+1. If true, this would be a strengthening of the Hajnal-Szemeredi Theorem and Brooks’ Theorem. We extend their conjecture to disconnected graphs. For r ≥ 6 the conjecture says the following: If an r-colorable graph G with maximum degree r is not equitably r-colorable then r is odd, G contains K r,r and V(G) partitions into subsets V 0, …, V t such that G[V 0] = K r,r and for each 1 ≤ i ≤ t, G[V i ] = K r . We characterize graphs satisfying the conclusion of our conjecture for all r and use the characterization to prove that the two conjectures are equivalent. This new conjecture may help to prove the Chen-Lih-Wu Conjecture by induction.
A personal information management scheme using shared labels and implication links

The tree-based file management scheme is universally deployed as a personal information management approach; however, it has several weaknesses. In this paper, we identify and discuss some of the weaknesses of the tree-based approach: these include conceptual fragmentation, conceptual non-comprehensiveness, entry point restriction, and enforced ordering. After describing some previous attempts at building alternative schemes for PIM, we propose our own scheme, based on shared labels and implication links. Location addresses consist of unordered sets of labels, and each location has connections to other addresses that are subsets and supersets of the location's address. Implication links can be used to capture implication relationships between concepts: specifying a link from one label to another means that the first label will automatically be accompanied by the second in addresses. We discuss the components of the new scheme, in addition to methods for manipulating it. We describe the ways in which the new scheme addresses the problems identified with the tree-based approach. We also present a mockup of a prototype application for browsing information repositories based on the new scheme. To conclude, we discuss future research directions, including theoretical analysis, implementation, and testing.
The role of dietary calcium in hypertension: A hierarchal overview

The role of calcium in clinical hypertension can be best understood by a hierarchical model in which the blood pressure effects of a dietary signal depend on alterations of hormonal systems specific for that signal. These alterations mediate both the cellular recognition of these signals as well as the resultant clinical responses to them. In the case of both dietary calcium and dietary salt, these systems appear to include calcium regulating hormones having direct, calcium-dependent vasoactive properties, and which are linked to the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Altered salt and calcium intake exert reciprocal linked effects on these hormone systems and on blood pressure. These reflect altered cellular calcium uptake from the extracellular space, salt-induced calcium hormones stimulating and calcium-induced suppression of these hormones inhibiting extracellular calcium uptake. Among normotensive individuals, this is associated with a reciprocal calcium-dependent suppression or stimulation of renin secretion, respectively, resulting in an offsetting decreased or increased angiotensin II-mediated release of calcium into the cytoplasm from intracellular stores. Hence, no significant change in cytosolic free calcium or, consequently, in blood pressure usually results from increasing or decreasing dietary salt or calcium intake. However, whether due to genetic or other environmental factors as yet undefined, the metabolic "set point" of plasma renin activity in some subjects is already suppressed, or, alternatively, is unresponsive to the above hormonally mediated dietary mineral variations. Under these circumstances, increases in dietary salt will cause cytosolic free calcium and thus blood pressure to rise, whereas increased dietary calcium in these very same "salt-sensitive" subjects will offset the effect of salt, and lower pressure in these individuals. This analysis suggests that although increasing oral calcium intake to achieve at least current nutritional standards is entirely appropriate, uniform recommendations for all hypertensives to further increase or decrease dietary calcium or salt may be inappropriate and will obscure those for whom these maneuvers are particularly relevant.
Meat Meets Meta: A Quantitative Review of the Price Elasticity of Meat

The price elasticity of meat has been estimated in numerous studies that utilize a variety of disparate modeling procedures. In light of differences in the literature, a meta-analysis is performed to assess the sensitivity of the meat price elasticity to a number of characteristics, including the type of meat, specification of demand, nature of data, estimation method, characteristics of the publication outlet, and location of demand. The results from estimating linear and Box-Cox meta-regressions, coupled with different panel data treatments, reveal that these characteristics have differing influence on the reported price elasticity.
The Voigt-type microwave kerr effect in semiconductors with spherical constant energy surfaces

Abstract A plane wave analysis is given for the free-carrier, microwave magneto-Kerr effect in semiconductors having spherical constant energy surfaces for the case of the applied static magnetic field perpendicular to the propagation direction (Voigt-type Kerr effect). The analysis is in terms of R v , the complex polarization factor of the reflected wave. The behavior of R v is considered in detail for low magnetic fields. Multiple-carrier conduction and energy-dependent scattering are shown to give rise to major contributions to R v . Computer curves for | R v |vs. μ e B , n p and ω are presented for parameters corresponding to InSb. Approximate expressions for R v , which are valid for low magnetic field, high-loss conditions, are given and compared with curves computed from the more complex expressions. Room temperature data for R v are presented for TE 11 waves in a circular waveguide. The dependence of R v on magnetic flux density is shown for intrinsic InSb. The data are compared with the plane wave predictions. Experimental data for the magneto-Kerr effect are also given for magnetic fields slightly misaligned from the Voigt orientation. An empirical model is introduced which describes these data in terms of data for the Faraday and Voigt orientations of the magnetic field. This model is shown to be of value for alignment of the magnetic field in the Voigt orientation, and for measurement of the Voigt-type Kerr effect in the presence of any small, remaining longitudinal magnetic field component.
Inverse Problems in Radiative Transfer: Determination of Atmospheric Parameters

Abstract It is shown that the relaxation method for inverse solution of the full radiative transfer equation leads to unique temperature profiles. Apart from its attractive simplicity, the algorithm is also capable of discriminating between noise and valid information without any need for data smoothing. A set of new inverse problems is formulated for the determination of the concentration of absorbing gases in an atmosphere, the extent and height of clouds, and surface elevations. The proposed methods are illustrated by examples in the earth's atmosphere for the region of the 4.3 μ CO2 band.
Gödel and Philosophical Idealism

odel made many affirmations of robust realism but also showed serious engagement with the idealist tradition, especially with Leibniz, Kant, and Husserl. The root of this apparently paradoxical attitude is his conviction of the power of reason. The paper explores the question of
18F-Fluoroestradiol PET guides dosing of selective estrogen receptor degraders

11 Objectives Estrogen receptor (ER) targeting therapies are key in management of breast cancer (BrCa). Currently, there are no methods to optimize treatment dosing of anti-ER medications. However, ER functional availability may be evaluable using 16α-[18F]-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) PET. This study assesses the utility of 18F-FES PET in dose optimization of fulvestrant, a selective ER degrader (SERD), in a preclinical model of ER+ BrCa. Methods Human ER+ BrCa cells, MCF7, were incubated with different doses of fulvestrant for 24 h. Retention of 18F-FES was measured and compared to semiquantitative assays of ERα protein expression (ELISA) and ESR1 mRNA transcription (qPCR). MCF7 tumors were grown in ovariectomized nude mice. The mice were assigned to vehicle, low- (0.05mg), medium- (0.45mg) or high-dose (5mg) treatment groups (n=5-7). Two days after fulvestrant treatment, PET/CT was performed using 18F-FES and 18F-FDG. ER expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and qPCR on xenografts. Tumor proliferation was assessed using Ki-67 IHC. Results In vitro, fulvestrant was equipotent at reducing 18F-FES uptake as ER protein expression, despite stimulating mRNA transcription severalfold. Tumors resected from mice demonstrated decreased ER staining with increasing fulvestrant dose. ER expression significantly decreased with fulvestrant treatment in a dose-dependent manner both in ELISA of tumor lysates and IHC staining, despite similar mRNA expression. No difference in Ki-67 staining was observed among the treatment groups. We observed a significant dose-dependent reduction of 18F-FES PET SUVmean with fuvestrant treatment, but no significant difference among the treatment groups in 18F-FDG PET parameters. Conclusions We demonstrated that 18F-FES uptake mirrors the dose-dependent changes in functional ER expression with fulvestrant treatment which precedes the changes in tumor metabolism and proliferation. Quantitative 18F-FES-PET may be useful for tracking early efficacy of ER blockade/degradation and guiding ER-targeted therapy dosing in BrCa patients.
Mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction involves ET(A) receptor-mediated inhibition of K(ATP) channel.

There is controversy on the role of endothelin (ET)-1 in the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Although HPV is inhibited by ET-1 subtype A (ETA)-receptor antagonists in animals...
The impact of physical environment on performance and satisfaction in the white collar office: an overview of the literature

Jean Wineman1 provided a seminal review of research analyzing the relationship of white collar work environment to job satisfaction and productivity. While previous research had explored the relationship between physical environment and both performance and satisfaction in the industrial workplace, her work was the first summary of findings for that relationship among white collar knowledge workers. This presentation2 updates and re-evaluates the status of current research that analyzes the relationship of white collar work environment on job satisfaction and productivity in office environments. This presentation describes the construction of both the independent and dependent measures used by Wineman, reviews recent research organized by Wineman’s categories, and broaches the subject of how the physical environment impacts collaboration among knowledge workers.
Metabolism of glycine in the normal individual and in patients with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia

The metabolism of glycine is characterized largely by synthetic reactions. Even the catabolism of glycine appears to foster synthetic reactions because its cleavage leads to the formation of a one-carbon tetrahydrofolate compound which can serve in a variety of synthetic pathways. In non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia the activity of the glycine cleavage reaction is defective. This has been demonstratedin vivo andin vitro using liver and brain.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Longhua District of Shenzhen,2007-2011

Objective To analyze the features of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in Longhua district of Shenzhen,and to provide scientific evidence for preventive strategies.Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted based on the data from the National Disease Surveillance Report System from 2007-2011in Longhua district of Shenzhen.Results From 2007-2011,the average incidence rate was 23.35/105;the average incidence rate was 31.78/105 for male and 15.61/105for women,with the sex ratio of 1.87∶1.People under the age of 20had the lowest incidence rate 9.21/105,and the highest rate was in those above 40years(45.79/105);the smear-positive rate of tuberculosis patients was 59.09%.Conclusion The overall incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis stays at a stable level and people over 40years are of high prevalence population.
The current cavernosometric criteria for corporovenous dysfunction are too strict.

AbstractIn an attempt to define the hemodynamic and radiographic parameters of normal erectile function 6 patients 20 to 41 years old (mean age 30.3 years) with erectile dysfunction that spontaneously resolved after a comprehensive evaluation were reviewed. The results included normal hormonal assays, normal penile biothesiometry and normal penile brachial index. The sleep tumescence and rigidity tracings were abnormal according to the criteria that sleep erections occur every 90minutes, are associated with penile rigidity of greater than 550 gm. plus an increase in penile circumference of greater than 1.5cm. and last longer than 15minutes. High resolution ultrasonography, pulse wave Doppler ultrasound, dynamic pharmacocavernosometry and dynamic cavernosography were performed. After testing the patients were informed that no organic abnormalities had been detected. No medical or surgical treatment was given. The hemodynamic values are presented as suggested normal parameters: maintenance rate (mean 11 ± 3...
Local Organizing and the National Civil Rights Agenda

How do marginalized groups gain representation in the US political system? Does local level organizing affect national advocacy priorities? This paper assesses whether, and how, local organizing influences the agenda of national civil rights organizations. Existing literature explains that advocacy on behalf of marginalized groups might be more likely to occur at the local level – social welfare policies have been devolved to the state, local organizations may have a commitment to grassroots organizing, and national groups may see such advocacy as the responsibility of local organizations. This paper assesses organizing activities of the Black Panther Party and the National Welfare Rights Organization between 1968 and 1971. The two organizations varied in their missions, structures, and relationships with national civil rights organizations. However, both shared a priority of establishing a guaranteed income. The NWRO focused on legislative change, while the Black Panther Party focused on grassroots mobilizing. Based on the archives of the NAACP, National Urban League, and the SCLC, my findings indicate that local organizing influenced national priorities. Organizational statements, internal memos, and legislative strategy reveal that the NWRO’s focus on legislative change, and the Black Panthers’ mass mobilization, worked in concert to make a guaranteed income policy a priority for national civil rights organizations.
Volkswagen Emissions Scandal: A Global Case Study of Legal, Ethical, and Practical Consequences and Recommendations for Sustainable Management

In todayâ€™s global workplace, all executives and corporations must ensure that their managers and employees make ethical and sustainable decisions for their own long-term interest as well as those of the environment and consumers. Volkswagen (VW) has traditionally been known as a quality brand of automotive organization; but now they will also continue to be recognized as a global company that willfully and consciously manipulated their carâ€™s software to falsify data. They will be known as a company that deceived the U.S. government and the public regarding compliance with emission standards; however, they got caught and will pay a heavy price in managing this crisis. This willful scandal makes one think if government deception was considered normal and acceptable in VWâ€™s corporate culture and how such manipulation can be prevented in the future. In this article, we provide the facts about the VW emissions crisis along with a discussion of the harmful consequences resulting from the scandal. Based on the lessons learned, the article offers recommendations for managers and employees of all local and global corporations in making ethical, transparent and sustainable decisions. Finally, a list of discussion questions are offered so managers and business students can reflect upon them for the creation of an organizational culture where effective and sustainable decisions become the norm.Â
Inhibition of Drp1 mitochondrial translocation provides neural protection in dopaminergic system in a Parkinson's disease model induced by MPTP.

Accumulating evidence suggest mitochondria-mediated pathways play an important role in dopaminergic neuronal cell death in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Drp1, a key regulator of mitochondrial fission, has been shown to be activated and translocated to mitochondria under stress, leading to excessive mitochondria fission and dopaminergic neuronal death in vitro. However, whether Drp1 inhibition can lead to long term stable preservation of dopaminergic neurons in PD-related mouse models remains unknown. In this study, using a classical MPTP animal PD model, we showed for the first time Drp1 activation and mitochondrial translocation in vivo after MPTP administration. Inhibition of Drp1 activation by a selective peptide inhibitor P110, blocked MPTP-induced Drp1 mitochondrial translocation and attenuated dopaminergic neuronal loss, dopaminergic nerve terminal damage and behavioral deficits caused by MPTP. MPTP-induced microglial activation and astrogliosis were not affected by P110 treatment. Instead, inhibition of Drp1 mitochondrial translocation diminished MPTP-induced p53, BAX and PUMA mitochondrial translocation. This study demonstrates that inhibition of Drp1 hyperactivation by a Drp1 peptide inhibitor P110 is neuroprotective in a MPTP animal model. Our data also suggest that the protective effects of P110 treatment might be mediated by inhibiting the p53 mediated apoptotic pathways in neurons through inhibition of Drp1-dependent p53 mitochondrial translocation.
The Effects of Alarm System Errors on Dependence: Moderated Mediation of Trust With and Without Risk

Research on sensor-based signaling systems suggests that false alarms and misses affect operator dependence via two independent psychological processes, hypothesized as two types of trust. These two types of trust manifest in two categorically different behaviors: compliance and reliance. The current study links the theoretical perspective outlined by Lee and See (2004) to the compliance-reliance paradigm, and argues that trust mediates the false alarm-compliance relationship but not the miss-reliance relationship. Specifically, the key conditions to allow the mediation of trust are: The operator is presented with a salient choice to depend on the signaling system and the risk associated with non-dependence is recognized. Eighty-eight participants interacted with a primary flight simulation task and a secondary signaling system task. Participants were asked to evaluate their trust in the signaling system according to the informational bases of trust: Performance, process, and purpose. Half of the participants were in a high risk group and half were in a low risk group. The signaling systems varied by reliability (90%, 60%) within subjects and error bias (false alarm prone, miss prone) between subjects. Generally, analyses supported the hypotheses. Reliability affected compliance, but only in the false alarm prone group. Alternatively, reliability affected reliance, but only in the miss prone group. Higher reliability led to higher subjective trust. Conditional indirect effects indicated that individual factors of trust mediated the relationship between false alarm rate and compliance (i.e., purpose) and reliance (i.e., process), but only in the high risk groups. Serial mediation analyses indicated that the false alarm rate affected compliance and reliance through the sequential ordering of the factors of trust, all stemming from performance. Miss rate did not affect reliance through any of the factors of trust. The theoretical implications of this study suggest the compliance-reliance paradigm is not the reflection of two independent types of trust. The practical applications of this research could be to update training and design recommendations that are based upon the assumption of trust causing operator responses regardless of error bias.
The evolution of the diminishing role of extrapleural pneumonectomy in the surgical management of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an uncommon and aggressive thoracic malignancy that is rarely curable, even when multimodality therapy is used. Systemic chemotherapy is the primary treatment for the majority of patients with this disease; however, surgical resection may benefit a subset of patients with early-stage disease. The surgical approach that offers the best outcomes remains an area of controversy, with data from retrospective comparisons being the only guide. Historically, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) has been the standard procedure, carrying with it a cost of significant morbidity and impact on quality of life that has raised questions regarding its routine application. Over the past two decades as surgical techniques have been refined and survival data with EPP in large case series have been reported, the paradigm has evolved toward the use of lung-sparing pleural resections such as pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) and extended P/D. The identification of patients who may benefit from EPP over pleurectomy has proven problematic, and the larger question regarding the impact of any type of surgical intervention on outcomes for pleural mesothelioma patients is still an area of investigation. Uniform treatment approaches have been difficult to develop due to the relatively small numbers of patients with this disease, the use of a staging system that does not readily identify those who may benefit from more aggressive therapy, and the institutional biases that have resulted from the growth of multimodality centers of excellence.
In Reply: Menopausal hormone therapy.

We would like to thank Dr. Thacker for her interest in our article on the clinical considerations regarding optimal duration of hormone therapy.[1][1] We agree that the simple answer to whether there is there a time limit for systemic menopausal hormone therapy is no, emphasizing an individualized
Balancing the Benefits and Risks of CPR

The target article by Rosoff and Schneiderman (2017) raises the question of whether the training of laypersons to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) misrepresents the importance of laypers...
Critique [of The Ethnic Matrix: Implications for Human Service Practitioners by Jesse M. Vazquez]

Vazquez9s psychosocial model for understanding ethnicity and the ethnic process in American society and how this model could be used by practitioners and researchers to further expand their own work is noble. Vazquez fulfilled his purpose. However, the underlying assumption is somewhat misleading, i.e., practitioners and researchers, generally, are not employing the ethnic matrix model. Vazquez states that the absence of ethnic content and concern with ethnic issues in professional training programs was seriously questioned.
A priori-defined diet quality indices, biomarkers and risk for type 2 diabetes in five ethnic groups: the Multiethnic Cohort

Dietary indices have been related to risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominantly in white populations. The present study evaluated this association in the ethnically diverse Multiethnic Cohort and examined four diet quality indices in relation to T2D risk, homoeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and biomarkers of dyslipidaemia, inflammation and adipokines. The T2D analysis included 166 550 white, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American and Latino participants (9200 incident T2D cases). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using a quantitative FFQ and T2D status was based on three self-reports and confirmed by administrative data. Biomarkers were assessed about 10 years later in a biomarker subcohort (n 10 060). Sex- and ethnicity-specific hazard ratios were calculated for the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the alternative HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Multivariable-adjusted means of biomarkers were compared across dietary index tertiles in the biomarker subcohort. The AHEI-2010, aMED (in men only) and DASH scores were related to a 10-20 % lower T2D risk, with the strongest associations in whites and the direction of the relationships mostly consistent across ethnic groups. Higher scores on the four indices were related to lower HOMA-IR, TAG and C-reactive protein concentrations, not related to leptin, and the DASH score was directly associated with adiponectin. The AHEI-2010 and DASH were directly related to HDL-cholesterol in women. Potential underlying biological mechanisms linking diet quality and T2D risk are an improved lipid profile and reduced systemic inflammation and, with regards to DASH alone, an improved adiponectin profile.
The cycling city: bicycles and urban America in the 1890s

Evan Friss’ recent book Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s is a surprisingly relevant tale of social, technological and planning changes amid the boom and bust of bicycling in Am...
My Child's thoughts frighten me: Maladaptive effects associated with parents' interpretation and management of children's intrusive thoughts.

Abstract Background and objectives Environmental factors explain substantial variance in youth's obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and much of this research has focused upon overt parenting behaviors (e.g., accommodation). No work, however, has examined how parents' internal processes (e.g., perception of children's intrusions) influence youth's OCS. Based upon the cognitive theory of obsessions, we propose that parents' misappraisal of children's intrusions as threatening will be positively associated with (a) the number of maladaptive intrusion management strategies recommended by the parent, as well as (b) children's obsessive beliefs, (c) interpretation biases, and (d) OCS severity. Methods Twenty-seven children (M = 12.81; SD = 3.43) and the parent most involved in childcare completed diagnostic interviews and self-report questionnaires. In the laboratory, we induced obsessional anxiety in youth through a standardized in vivo paradigm (e.g., think about a personalized harm-related negative event occurring). Parents rated how they interpreted their children's unwanted thought and the intrusion management strategies they would recommend. Results Parents who interpreted their children's intrusions as threatening recommended more maladaptive intrusion management strategies and their misappraisal positively and significantly correlated with the severity of children's obsessive beliefs, interpretation biases, and OCS, even after controlling for co-occurring internalizing symptoms. Limitations Small sample and cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions. Conclusions Parents' misinterpretation of children's intrusions may operate as a mechanism by which OCS are generationally transmitted. Results can inform OC prevention programs that target parents' cognitive biases in their own psychotherapy.
The Cost of Hair-Styling Regulation: Estimates

Regulations whose effect, if not intent, is to restrict entry in the hair-styling professions are often pointed out as an example of a silly or self-serving regulation. Oddly, little work investigates the actual cost to consumers due to the entry restriction. This paper estimates the cost of a particular aspect of the regulation -- the number of hours of required schooling before one can sit for the barbering or cosmetology examination. The estimates suggest that the haircut suffered by consumers is too small to be worth taking any policy action -- less than a dollar per year per capita. Nevertheless, the estimates are statistically significant and provide a vivid illustration of the "capture" hypothesis of regulation in action.
TASI 2011: lectures on Higgs-Boson Physics

In these lectures I briefly review the Higgs mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and focus on the most relevant aspects of the phenomenology of the Standard Model Higgs boson at hadron colliders, namely the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider. Emphasis is put in particular on the Higgs-physics program of both LHC experiments and on the theoretical activity that has entailed from the the need of providing accurate predictions for both signal and background in Higgs-boson searches.
Determination of the Absolute Sensitivity of Damped MHz Range Ultrasonic Transducers

A broadband capacitive electrostatic acoustic transducer (ESAT) has been developed for ultrasonic measurements in liquid environments [1]. We have used this device to calibrate the particle displacement amplitudes of a Panametries 500 KHz Damped Transducer and to determine its absolute sensitivity as a function of frequency.