cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stigma of persons with disabilities in Afghanistan: Examining the pathways from stereotyping to mental distress

Despite evidence that stigma of disability is frequently reflected through stereotyping and often results in mental distress, very limited literature demonstrates the pathways through which stereotyping has an impact on mental health. Drawing from a large sample of 1449 participants interviewed between December 2012 and September 2013 from an Afghan community-based rehabilitation program, we examined the structure of stigma associated with disability in Afghanistan. Labeling and negative stereotypes, associated with a specific cause of disability, result in social exclusion that in turn impacts mental health. Using structural equation modeling with latent variables, we examined the mediation effect of stereotypes associated with disability on mental distress and anxiety. We found a mediating role of social exclusion between stereotypes and mental distress but only in the case of persons with disabilities from birth. Comparing the total effect of 'disabled at birth' and mental distress 0.195 (95% CI: 0.018-0.367) the effect size of this mediation effect was 0.293 (95% CI: 0.173-0.415). There was no significant direct effect between 'disabled at birth' and mental distress once mediation effect was accounted for in our model. These findings suggest that a multipronged policy approach that recognizes the driving forces of stigma and promotes social participation directly alongside psychosocial interventions on mental distress of persons with disabilities is necessary to achieve wellbeing for a group that has been historically and systematically excluded from development interventions.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Intercondylar Notch: An Uncommon Cause of Knee Stiffness

The presence of an osteoid osteoma in a periarticular or intra-articular location about the knee is rare. Osteoid osteoma of the knee may be present with nonspecific complaints including knee pain, stiffness, effusions, and atrophy. Depending on the clinical setting, these symptoms could represent a variety of different diagnoses, including meniscal pathology, chondral pathology, synovitis, or Plica syndrome. In this article, we present the unique case of an osteoid osteoma within the intercondylar notch of the knee that underwent a significant delay in diagnosis and several unnecessary procedures due to misdiagnosis. Although intra-articular osteoid osteomas have been described, there remains a paucity of case reports discussing these lesions within and around the knee, and currently there are no reports available describing such a lesion located within the intercondylar notch. Although osteoid osteomas are relatively common, the intra-articular location of such lesions presents a diagnostic challenge. Vague, nonspecific symptoms including joint pain, swelling, and mechanical symptoms coupled with nonspecific radiographic findings in an otherwise healthy, young patient are more likely to guide the clinician toward a more common diagnosis of a sports-related injury as opposed to a benign bone tumor. This case represents an extremely rare presentation of osteoid osteoma within the intercondylar notch of the knee. The case presentation provides an excellent reminder of the need to consider rare diagnoses such as osteoid osteoma, especially in cases of chronic, unrelenting, localized pain in the absence of any other explicable pathology.
Effects of Riblets on the Wake Characteristics of an Airfoil

s+ = spacing of riblets in law of the wall variables Measurements were made in the near and inter- TKE = kinetic mediate wake regions of a NACA 0012 airfoil with three different riblet sizes at a freestream Reynolds number of 2.5 x lo5. The riblets were the symmetric v-grooved type of heights .0229, .076, and .I52 mm, recrpectively. Ezperiments were conducted in the TAMU suction type, open return low speed wind tunnel. To ensure turbulent pow on the' airfoil, a transition strip was applied at 10% of the chord. A modified hook probe was used to measure surface boundary layer profiles and skin friction coeficients at the trailing edge. Wake velocity profiles and turbulence parameters were measured with the help of a temperature compensated hot film z-probe. The growth of the wake was found to be similar for the clean airfoil and the airfoil with riblets, however riblet effectiveness was indicated by a marked decrease in turbulence levels in the wake. Integration of the velocity profiles showed that a reduction in drag of up to 13.3% was achieved. Drag re
Suitability of Fluorescent Ptilinal Marking for Mark-Recapture Studies Using the House Fly, Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

A fluorescent ptilinal marking method for house flies ( Musca domestica ) provides a recognizable and nontransferrable mark that is suitable for mark-recapture studies. Marked flies do not show any apparent behavioral changes in their response to UV light. Collection or storage of samples in alcohol negates the marks, but refrigerated samples are unaffected.
Efficient Parallel Skyline Evaluation Using MapReduce

This research develops an advanced two-phase MapReduce solution that is able to efficiently address skyline queries on large datasets. Unlike existing parallel skyline approaches, our scheme considers data partitioning, filtering, and parallel skyline evaluation as a holistic query process. In particular, we apply filtering techniques and angle-based partitioning in the first phase, in which unqualified objects are discarded and the processed objects are partitioned by their angles to the origin.In the second phase, local skyline objects in each partition are calculated in parallel, and global skyline objects are output after a merging skyline process. To improve the parallel local skyline calculation, we propose two partition-aware filtering methods that keep skyline candidates in a balanced manner. The aggressive partition-aware filtering aggressively eliminates objects in the partition with the greatest population of candidate objects, whereas the proportional partition-aware filtering slows down the growth of partition population proportionally.Recognizing the lack of studies that incorporate the MapReduce framework into parallel skyline processing, we propose a partial-presort grid-based partition skyline algorithm that is able to significantly improve the merging skyline computation on large datasets. The presort process can be completed in the shuffle phase with little overhead. Our experimental results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed parallel skyline solution utilizing MapReduce on large-scale datasets.
Rediscovering and Reconnecting Funds of Knowledge of Immigrant Children, Families, and Teachers.

In the United States, one in four children under the age of 6 attending preschool has at least one immigrant parent and speaks a language other than English. Despite this increasing population of immigrant children in U.S. preschool settings, their stories have rarely been heard. The author shares three stories of her students and their families that focus on their lived experiences and funds of knowledge, and reconnects those stories with her own funds of knowledge as an immigrant student and teacher. Teachers in many communities around the world are educating immigrant children in their classroom. By focusing on the strengths and knowledge that all children bring to the classroom from their home and community experiences, teachers will be enriching the classroom and achieving higher quality education for every student.
Stability of molecular hydrogen inside C720 fullerene: A path integral Monte Carlo study

Abstract The stability of H2 molecules trapped inside a 720 carbon atoms fullerene (C720) was studied using the path integral Monte Carlo formalism. The change in free energy with respect to the free molecules as a function of H2 molecules inside the fullerene was computed using alchemy methods coupled to replica exchange algorithms. The most stable number of molecules and the maximum number of molecules that could be trapped inside C720 were obtained at T = 300 K and 200 K. Modifications in the interparticle potential were considered to increase the trapping capacity of C720. Four clearly defined concentric layers of H2 in the molecular fluid phase were observed inside the C720 at loading that are acceptable for efficient storages.
IMMUNOREGULATION BY PHAGOCYTIC CELLS IN THE COMMON AMERICAN NEWT, NOTOPHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS

ABSTRACT The role of phagocytic cells in immunoregulation in vivo is being explored in the primitive amphibian, Notophthalmus viridescens . Colloidal carbon is injected intraperitoneally in order to provide phagocyte blockade. Response levels to subsequent high dose (25%) injections of heterologous erythrocytes are monitored as antigen-binding cells (ABC)/106 pooled spleen cells by immunocytoadherence. Colloidal carbon blockade dramatically reduces the level of ABC activity in the spleen. The degree of inhibition varies with the time interval between injection of colloidal carbon and immunogen challenge. Some carbon including splenic phagocytes may bind erythrocytes. We find that this binding is induced and is specific for the type of heterologous erythrocyte used as immunogen. Studies using immunofluorescence and lymphocyte depletion suggest that these phagocytes may cytophilically bind IgM, the only isotype known to be produced by this species. They do not appear to generate visualizable amounts of surface IgM in the absence of immunization. No inhibition of splenic ABC is seen in colloidal carbon blockaded newts which are immunized with TNP-LPS. Our results suggest that regulatory phagocytes may play a role in the primitive newt, when an immunogen which is thymus-dependent (TD) in the mammal is used, but not when a thymus-independent (TI) immunogen is used. While we do not have detailed knowledge of the nature of the lymphocyte subsets which may be involved in newt humoral immune responses, it would appear that the newts do respond differently when TD and TI immunogens are presented.
High-Temporal Resolution Photography for Observing Riparian Area Use and Grazing Behavior

ABSTRACT Observation is a simple method of acquiring information and is a critical step in the scientific method for both developing and investigating testable hypotheses. Cameras have long played a role in observation, and as technology advances, new tools and methods for collecting, interrogating, and displaying large quantities of high-resolution images have evolved. We describe an automated digital time-lapse camera system and present an example field deployment to observe the temporal and spatial patterns of riparian use by humans and animals during a 3-mo period. We also describe software tools for image interrogation and visualization, as well as new information gathered through their use. The system was tested in 2014, in a 2.4-ha site within the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in east central Arizona, United States where elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and cattle grazed. Photographs were taken every 30 sec for 38 d, afterwhich an electric fencewas installed to restrict cattle access and the time s...
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Healthcare: A Clinical Guide to Preventive, Primary, and Specialist Care

If the Fenway Guide (Makadon, Mayer, Potter, Goldhammer, & American College of Physicians (2003–), 2015) is a desk reference for the primary care provider, then Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgen...
OPTIMAL OUTCROSSING IN IPOMOPSIS AGGREGAT A: SEED SET AND OFFSPRING FITNEs.

Restricted gene flow and localized selection should establish a correlation between physical proximity and genetic similarity in many plant populations. Given this situation, fitness may decline in crosses between nearby plants (inbreeding depression), and in crosses between more widely separated plants ("outbreeding depression") mostly as a result of disruption of local adaptation. It follows that seed set and offspring fitness may be greatest in crosses over an intermediate "optimal outcrossing distance." This prediction was supported for Ipomopsis aggregata, a long-lived herbaceous plant pollinated by hummingbirds. In six replicate pollination experiments, mean seed set per flower was higher with an outcrossing distance of 1-10 m than with selfing or outcrossing over 100 m. A similar pattern appeared in the performance of offspring from experimental crosses grown under natural conditions and censused for a seven-year period. Offspring from 10-m crosses had higher survival, greater chance of flowering, and earlier flowering than those from 1-m or 100-m crosses. As a result, 1-m and 100-m offspring achieved only 47% and 68%, respectively, of the lifetime fitness of 10-m offspring. Offspring fitness also declined with planting distance from the seed parent over a range of 1-30 m, so that adaptation to the maternal environment is a plausible mechanism for outbreeding depression. Censuses in a representative I. aggregata population indicated that the herbaceous vegetation changes over a range of 2-150 m, suggesting that there is spatial variation in selection regimes on a scale commensurate with the observed effects of outbreeding depression and planting distance. We discuss the possibility that differences in seed set might in part reflect maternal mate discrimination and emphasize the desirability of measuring offspring fitness under natural conditions in assessing outcrossing effects.
U.S. federal tobacco control policy from 1964 to 2013: Were punctuated and significant public health reforms enacted?

Currently, an academic controversy exists regarding whether U.S. tobacco control policy has been punctuated and rapid, primarily driven by federal policymaking or a combination of federal, state, and local policymaking, and has substantially reduced tobacco consumption. An analysis of U.S. tobacco control policy from 1964 to 2013 indicates federal policy change was not rapid and punctuated and some limited progress occurred in improving the public health. Asserting all U.S. tobacco control policy is purportedly punctuated because of federal tobacco control efforts also ignores discretionary policy output and outcome legislation and regulations operating solely at the state or local levels of government. Analyses of punctuated policy change trends must include operationalized policy outputs and outcomes grounded in scholarly historical and scientific research that analyzes all key policy issues such as clean indoor air linked to a general policy area, like tobacco control, to determine whether punctuation has occurred or not. In the case of federal, but not state tobacco policy, punctuation did not occur. Instead, there were some moderate and incremental advances in tobacco control contradicted by federal tobacco consumption and support policies.
A Cortical Mechanism for Shape-from-Texture Based on Dynamic Changes in Complex Cell Receptive Fields

We propose a cortical mechanism for the determination of shape and depth from texture based on the change in spatial frequency components across an image. Frequency components are extracted by a unit which models complex cells in VI. The unit reproduces some of the receptive field properties of complex cells including spatial phase invariance and responses to multiplebars. In our model, these properties arise from dynamic receptive fields: similar functional changes have been discovered in VI in the size and the position of receptive fields over very short time scales. Several stimuli including real images have been simulated and show reasonable agreement with human perception.
Disparate Postsynaptic Induction Mechanisms Ultimately Converge to Drive the Retrograde Enhancement of Presynaptic Efficacy

Retrograde signaling systems are fundamental modes of communication synapses utilize to dynamically and adaptively modulate activity. However, the inductive mechanisms that gate retrograde communication in the postsynaptic compartment remain enigmatic. We have investigated retrograde signaling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, where three seemingly disparate perturbations to the postsynaptic cell trigger a similar enhancement in presynaptic neurotransmitter release. We show that the same presynaptic genetic machinery and enhancements in active zone structure are utilized by each inductive pathway. However, all three induction mechanisms differ in temporal, translational, and CamKII activity requirements to initiate retrograde signaling in the postsynaptic cell. Intriguingly, pharmacological blockade of postsynaptic glutamate receptors, and not calcium influx through these receptors, is necessary and sufficient to induce rapid retrograde homeostatic signaling through CamKII. Thus, three distinct induction mechanisms converge on the same retrograde signaling system to drive the homeostatic strengthening of presynaptic neurotransmitter release.
The Sexual Health of Women in Lebanon: Are There Differences by Sexual Orientation?

Abstract Purpose: From studies conducted in Western countries (United States, United Kingdom, and Australia), we know that the sexual health of sexual minority women (SMW) differs in key ways from that of heterosexual women (HSW). To date, the sexual health of SMW living in the Middle East and North Africa region has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the sexual health of SMW and HSW living in Lebanon. Methods: SMW and HSW living in Lebanon (N = 95) completed an anonymous, self-administered survey. SMW's risk perceptions and health promoting and sexual behaviors were compared to those of HSW. We examined differences by sexual orientation by using t tests and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The 45 SMW and 50 HSW had similar demographic characteristics. Significantly more SMW had heard of human papillomavirus, but only 22% of women from both groups knew of its association with abnormal Papanicolaou tests. Cervical cancer screening rates were similar in SMW and HSW, although remarkably...
Key assumptions in multiscale segregation measures: How zoning and strength of spatial association condition outcomes:

Multiscale segregation measures have the potential to increase understanding of residential context and ultimately a wide range of social and spatial processes. By examining segregation at multiple...
Integrating Social Equity into the Core Human Resource Management Course

The National Academy of Public Administration’s Board of Trustees recently adopted social equity as the fourth pillar of public administration. Human resource management (HRM) courses are situated ...
FAILURE OF SINO-ATRIAL NODAL TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL COMPLETE HEART BLOCK IN DOGS.

With symptomatic complete heart block, the principal circulatory derangements are secondary to bradycardia.3, 4 Effective therapy, therefore, depends on increasing the ventricular rate. This has been achieved with pharmacologic agents or with electrical stimulation of the ventricles with internal or external pacemakers. Recently, a different approach has been suggested by Ernst,1 based on the proposition that auriculo-ventricular conduction can be restored by transplantation of the sino-atrial (SA) node into the ventricular myocardium. Although the results of his studies with dogs supported the potential clinical use of this technique, Ernst took care to point out that he had not been able to carry out the crucial experiment necessary to establish its value. Such an experiment would necessitate the production of proved permanent complete heart block, and its subsequent effective treatment with SA nodal transplantation. In the present study, SA nodal transplantation was carried out under circumstances in which success or failure could be ascertained with certainty. Complete heart block was established in 9 dogs, 2 to 9 weeks before nodal transplantation, to establish the fact that the heart block was permanent. The SA node was then transplanted, and the animals were observed for as long as 3 months for evidence of restored auriculo-ventricular conduction.
Association of Compensation From the Surgical and Medical Device Industry to Physicians and Self-declared Conflict of Interest.

Importance Surgical and medical device manufacturers have a cooperative relationship with clinicians. When evaluating published works, one should assess the integrity and academic credentials of the authors, who serve as putative experts. A relationship with a relevant manufacturer may increase the potential risk for bias in relevant studies. Objective To characterize the association of industrial payments by device manufacturers, self-declared conflict of interest (COI), and relevance of publications among physicians receiving the highest compensation. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based bibliometric analysis identified 10 surgical and medical device manufacturing companies and the 10 physicians receiving the highest compensation from each company using the 2015 Open Payments Database (OPD) general payments data. For each of the 100 physicians, the total amount of general payments, number of payments, institution type, and academic rank were recorded. Royalty or license payments were excluded. A search of PubMed identified articles published by each physician from January 1 through December 31, 2016, and their associated COI declaration. Scopus was used to identify bibliometric data reported as thehindex (number of papers by a researcher with at leasthcitations each). Main Outcomes and Measures Discrepancy between self-declared COI and industry payments. Results The 100 physicians included in the sample population (88% men) were paid a total of $12 446 969, with a median payment of $95 993. Fifty physicians (50.0%) were faculty at academic institutions. The mean (SD)hindex was 18 (18; range, 0-75) for the authors. In 2016, 412 articles were published by these physicians, with a mean (SD) of 4 (6) publications (range, 0-25) and median of 1 (36 physicians had no publications). Of these articles, 225 (54.6%) were relevant to the general payments received by the authors. Only in 84 of the 225 relevant publications (37.3%) was the potential COI declared by the authors. Conclusions and Relevance A high level of inconsistency was found between self-declared COI and the OPD among the physicians receiving the highest industry payments. Therefore, a policy of full disclosure for all publications, regardless of relevance, is proposed. No statistically significant association was demonstrated between academic rank or productivity and industrial payments.
Increased lucid dream frequency in long-term meditators but not following MBSR training.

Strong conceptual and theoretical connections have been made between meditation practice, mindfulness and lucid dreaming. However, only a handful of empirical studies have evaluated the relationship between lucid dreaming and meditation, and conclusions remain tempered by methodological limitations. Here we evaluate the relationship between meditation, mindfulness and lucid dream frequency using several complementary methods. First, using a cross-sectional design, we evaluate differences in lucid dream frequency between long-term meditators and meditation naive individuals. Second, we evaluate the relationship between lucid dream frequency and specific facets of trait mindfulness in both meditators and non-meditators. Third, using a blinded randomized-controlled design, we evaluate the impact of an 8-week mindfulness course on lucid dreaming frequency. Our results show that lucid dreaming is more frequent in long-term meditators compared to meditation naive individuals. Additionally, lucid dream frequency in meditation-naive individuals was associated with a capacity to verbalize experience, while lucid dream frequency in long-term meditators was associated with observational and decentering facets of trait mindfulness. However, an 8-week mindfulness course did not increase the frequency of lucid dreams. Together these results support a continuity between increased awareness of waking and sleeping states, provide a novel form of evidence linking meditation training to meta-awareness, and support an association between meditation practice and lucid dreaming, but leave open the specific nature of this connection.
Charge-transport properties of as-grown Cd1-xZnxTe1-ySey by the traveling heater method

In this article, we report on the charge-transport characteristics of a new quaternary material Cd1-xZnxTe1-ySey (CZTS) grown by the Traveling Heater Method (THM). The as-grown CZTS material was found to possess fewer Te inclusions than CZT†. Moreover, high resistivity of ∼1-2x1010 ohm-cm was achieved, meeting the requirements of most gamma-ray detector applications. The mobility-lifetime product for electrons [(μτ)e] was measured to be ∼4x10-3 cm2/V. The energy resolution for the quasi-hemispherical detector fabricated from the as-grown CZTS ingot obtained was ∼2.8% (FWHM) at 662 keV.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for beef products derived from RNA interference technology

Abstract This study estimates, for the first time in the meat sector, consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for genetically modified foods produced using RNA interference (RNAi), a new gene editing technology. We examine WTP in four different choice experiment designs involving beef steaks with varying number of attributes, label setting and label wording to assess consumer demand. Results suggests consumers will require a discount for beef products produced using RNAi, with specific magnitudes varying substantially based upon the labeling wording faced by consumers. Therefore, ultimate RNAi adoption will reflect the magnitude of inner-supply chain, cost reductions given consumer demand.
Examining the Roles of Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking Venues, and Sociosexuality in College Men’s Sexual Aggression

Objective:College men’s alcohol consumption is positively associated with sexual aggression perpetration, yet men’s drinking does not typically predict later sexual assault after accounting for ris...
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Inhibit Gut-Brain Satiation Signaling in Diet-Induced Obesity.

Gut-brain signaling controls feeding behavior and energy homeostasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on these pathways are poorly defined. We tested the hypothesis that elevated endocannabinoid activity at cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1Rs) in the gut of mice rendered DIO by chronic access to a high fat and sucrose diet for 60 days inhibits nutrient-induced release of satiation peptides and promotes overeating. Immunoreactivity for CB1Rs was present in enteroendocrine cells in the mouse's upper small-intestinal epithelium that produce and secrete the satiation peptide, cholecystokinin (CCK), and expression of mRNA for CB1Rs was greater in these cells when compared to non-CCK producing cells. Oral gavage of corn oil increased levels of bioactive CCK (CCK-8) in plasma from mice fed a low fat no-sucrose diet. Pretreatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2, blocked this response, which was reversed by co-administration with the peripherally-restricted CB1R neutral antagonist, AM6545. Furthermore, monoacylglycerol metabolic enzyme function was dysregulated in the upper small-intestinal epithelium from DIO mice, which was met with increased levels of a variety of monoacylglycerols including the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol. Corn oil failed to affect levels of CCK in DIO mouse plasma; however, pretreatment with AM6545 restored the ability for corn oil to stimulate increases in levels of CCK, which suggests that elevated endocannabinoid signaling at small intestinal CB1Rs in DIO mice inhibits nutrient-induced CCK release. Moreover, the hypophagic effect of AM6545 in DIO mice was reversed by co-administration with the CCKA receptor antagonist, devazepide. Collectively, these results provide evidence that hyperphagia associated with DIO is driven by a mechanism that includes CB1R-mediated inhibition of gut-brain satiation signaling.
The importance of chloroplast movement, nonphotochemical quenching, and electron transport rates in light acclimation and tolerance to high light in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Premise While essential for photosynthesis, excess light can damage plants. We investigated how growth light conditions affect two photoprotective strategies, chloroplast movement and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), as well as electron transport rates (ETR), and the relative importance of these processes in the short-term stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods We grew wild-type (WT) and mutant plants with impaired chloroplast movement (phot1, phot2, phot1 phot2, chup1) or NPQ (npq1) at low (160 μmol photons m-2 s-1 ) or intermediate light (400 μmol photons m-2 s-1 ) before quantifying transmission changes due to chloroplast movement, NPQ, ETR, and the ability to recover from a short-term high-light treatment. Results Plants with impaired chloroplast avoidance movement (phot2, phot1 phot2, chup1) did not recover as well from a short-term high light treatment as the WT or npq1 and phot1 mutants. Plants grown at intermediate light recovered more completely from the same stress treatment regardless of their genotype and despite reduced degrees of transmission changes due to chloroplast movement. This result was due in part to all genotypes having up to a 2-fold increase in ETRmax and a slight increase in NPQmax . Conclusions Growth light conditions affect which mechanisms are important in dealing with short-term high-light stress. The chloroplast avoidance response is important for low-light-grown plants, while increases in ETRmax and NPQmax allow plants grown at intermediate light intensities to avoid being damaged.
Closing the Gap: Participatory Formative Evaluation to Reduce Cancer Screening Disparities among Patients with Limited English Proficiency

Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) have disproportionately lower rates of cancer screening than English-proficient patients. Given the multifactorial nature of screening disparities, strategies to improve screening rates must address barriers within and outside of the clinic setting. The objectives of this study were to understand local barriers from multiple stakeholder perspectives, to identify potential multilevel intervention approaches, and to mobilize community-engaged intervention decision making and planning. This participatory formative evaluation approach employed needs assessment and user engagement in order to enhance intervention usefulness and relevance. The study took place in several stages and involved clinic and community partners in a small metropolitan area of the Midwest USA. Interviews were conducted with LEP patients (n = 9) who had not completed three recommended screenings (breast, cervical, and colorectal), primary care providers (n = 5), medical interpreter (n = 5), and community members (n = 3). These highlighted multilevel barriers including limited patient understanding of preventive health, time and cost constraints, and variable roles of language interpreters. The literature was also reviewed to identify interventions used with similar populations. Findings from this review suggest that interventions are largely focused on single population groups or address single screening barriers. Finally, a community-academic summit (n = 48 participants) was held to review results and develop recommendations for community and clinic interventions. Findings from this study indicate that it is possible to engage a diverse group of stakeholders in strategies that are responsive to health care providers and patients, including LEP patients from heterogeneous backgrounds.
Statewide Pediatric Quality Improvement Collaborative for HPV Vaccine Initiation.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly sexually transmitted pathogen and has been implicated in several types of cancers, yet immunization rates have remained low. Methods Wisconsin pediatricians participated in a 3-month health care collaborative from April through June 2016. Results HPV vaccination initiation increased overall among all participating practices from 56.4% at baseline to 71.2% after the 3-month time period. In addition, Tdap and meningococcal vaccine rates increased in these practices as well. Discussion/conclusions A statewide pediatric health care collaborative can make significant improvements in HPV vaccination rates in a relatively short period of time and also can directly improve rates of other adolescent vaccines.
Time-resolved formation of uranium and silicon oxides subsequent to the laser ablation of U3Si2

Abstract The early-time kinetic behavior of species in a plume produced from laser ablation of U3Si2 in an environment containing 2% O2 is characterized using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. The UO band around 593.55 nm and the SiO band around 230 nm is observed as well as various atomic and ionic uranium transitions. Temperatures and concentrations of these species are tracked and reported as well.
Experiences With the Mental Health Service System of Family Caregivers of Individuals With an Intellectual/Developmental Disability Referred to START

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) frequently have behavioral or mental health needs, but experience obstacles to treatment. Family caregivers are often responsible for coordinating the care of individuals with IDD. This study examined family caregiver experiences using intake data from a national tertiary crisis intervention model designed for people with IDD and mental health needs. Caregivers (n = 488) completed the Family Experiences Interview Schedule. Less than half of families reported satisfaction with the mental health services received. Notable gaps were in crisis, night and weekend services, choice of services and providers, communication and coordination between providers, and specialized training. Experiences were worse for caregiving fathers and individuals with IDD with co-occurring chronic medical conditions.
Early Head to Pelvis Computed Tomography in Out‐of‐Hospital Circulatory Arrest Without Obvious Etiology

Objectives Patients resuscitated from an out-of-hospital circulatory arrest (OHCA) commonly present without an obvious etiology. We assessed the diagnostic capability and safety of early head-to-pelvis computed tomography (CT) imaging in such patients. Methods From November 2015 to February 2018, we enrolled 104 patients resuscitated from OHCA without obvious cause (idiopathic OHCA) to an early sudden-death CT (SDCT) scan protocol within 6 h of hospital arrival. The SDCT protocol included a noncontrast CT head, an electrocardiogram-gated cardiac and thoracic CT angiogram, and a nongated venous-phase abdominopelvic CT angiogram. Patients needing urgent cardiac catheterization or hemodynamically unable to tolerate SDCT were excluded. Cardiac CT analyses were blinded, but other SDCT findings were clinically available. Primary endpoints were the number of OHCA causes identified by SDCT compared to the adjudicated cause and critical diagnoses identified by SDCT, including resuscitation complications. Safety endpoints were acute kidney injury (AKI) and inappropriate treatments based on SDCT findings. Acute coronary syndrome was the presumed etiology if any major coronary artery had a >50% stenosis without another OHCA cause. Results SDCT scans occurred within 1.9 ± 1.0 h of hospital arrival and identified 39% (41/104) of all OHCA causes and 95% (39/41) of causes potentially identifiable by SDCT. Critical findings were identified by SDCT in 98% (43/44) of patients that included potentially life-threatening resuscitation complications of liver or spleen laceration (n = 6); pneumothorax or thoracic organ laceration (n = 8); and mediastinal, pericardial, or vascular hemorrhage (n = 3). SDCT exclusively identified 13 (13%) OHCA causes that would otherwise not be identified without SDCT imaging. No inappropriate treatments resulted from SDCT findings. AKI was common (28%) but only one (1%) patient required new dialysis. Conclusions This observational cohort study suggests that early SDCT scanning is safe, can expedite the diagnosis of potential causes, and can meaningfully change clinical management after idiopathic OHCA.
A Developmental Approach to Autism

Autism is one of the most well-investigated developmental disorders. The reasons for the intensive research effort are easy to grasp for those with interests in cognition, language, development, or psychopathology. Autism presents a truly puzzling, sometimes even paradoxically uneven profile of abilities. Because it is uneven, this profile holds promise for revealing surprising insights into the functioning of both normal and abnormal minds.
The New Openness in Educational Research

This chapter explores notions of what it means to “represent” a work of research in the act of writing up a study informed by the pragmatic philosophies of Richard Rorty and John Dewey. The argument is framed within current concerns in the educational research community over ways of raising the scientific nature of scholarship in this field. The chapter then extends this discussion of representation by examining scholarly communication practices that can increase the openness of this work as a guiding principle in the advancement of science, discussing open access and open data strategies for enhancing both the impact and the public good quality of the work.
Impact of multiple matched controls on design sensitivity in observational studies.

Summary In an observational study, one treated subject may be matched for observed covariates to either one or several untreated controls. The common motivation for using several controls rather than one is to increase the power of a test of no effect under the doubtful assumption that matching for observed covariates suffices to remove bias from nonrandom treatment assignment. Does the choice between one or several matched controls affect the sensitivity of conclusions to violations of this doubtful assumption? With continuous responses, it is known that reducing the heterogeneity of matched pair differences reduces sensitivity to unmeasured biases, but increasing the sample size has a highly circumscribed effect on sensitivity to bias. Is the use of several controls rather than one analogous to a reduction in heterogeneity or to an increase in sample size? The issue is examined for Huber's m-statistics, including the t-test, the examination having three components: an example, asymptotic calculations using design sensitivity, and a simulation. Use of multiple controls with continuous responses yields a nontrivial reduction in sensitivity to unmeasured biases. An example looks at lead and cadmium in the blood of smokers from the 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A by-product of the discussion is a new result giving the design sensitivity for the permutation distribution of m-statistics.
The Role of Hybrid Vigor in the Replacement of Pecos Pupfish by Its Hybrids with Sheepshead Minnow

Many species are jeopardized by hybridization and genetic introgression with closely related species. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that promote or retard gene flow between divergent populations are little stud- ied and poorly understood. Like many imperiled fish species, the Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis )i s threatened with replacement by its hybrids with a close congener. We examined swimming performance and growth rate of hybrid pupfish to determine the role of hybrid vigor in the genetic homogenization of C. pecosen- sis by its hybrids with sheepshead minnow (C. variegatus). The F1 hybrids, backcross hybrids, and purebred C. variegatus displayed greater swimming endurance than purebred C. pecosensis .I naddition, F1 hybrids and C. variegatus grew more rapidly than C. pecosensis .T he ecological superiority of hybrids probably promoted their rapid spread through and beyond the historic range of C. pecosensis .T hese results indicate that eradication of hybrids and restoration of C. pecosensis to its native range is unlikely. Extinction of unique species via genetic homogenization can result from human activities that increase gene flow between historically fragmented populations; conservation managers must weigh the potential for such a catastrophe against the presumed benefits of increased interpopulation gene flow. This example illustrates how, after hybridization has occurred, conflict may arise between formerly complementary conservation goals.
Using metamaterials to exploit lateral waves for RF microwave applications

In this paper, the excitation of lateral (surface) waves in a layered media consisting of a ground plane, a metamaterial layer and free space is investigated. It is presumed an effective media approximation yields the anisotropic constitutive parameters for the metamaterial layer. Using these approximations, Green's functions are developed for the electromagnetic fields resulting from a Hertzian dipole excitation located at the metamaterial and free space interface. As the formulation of the problem is accomplished in the spectral domain, the strength of the lateral waves is found from the residues of poles circled in the complex plane. This is first done for the case of an anisotropic media in the x- and y- directions (parallel to the ground plane). Because the unit cell patterning of the metamaterials gives the microwave designer increased flexibility, it is possible to undertake a similar analysis using anisotropic constitutive parameters expressed in cylindrical coordinates. This analysis is fundamental for applied microwave applications such as the realization of an antenna on a layered media and demonstrates the enormous design flexibility made possible for metamaterials.
Abstract 154: Changes in Task fMRI After Stroke Rehabilitation Using Closed-Loop Neurofeedback

Introduction: Brain-computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology for stroke rehabilitation, but little is known about brain changes associated with its use. We examine changes in laterality index (LI) and functional connectivity (FC) during hand movements associated with BCI interventional therapy. Methods: We collected anatomical and functional MRI of 8 stroke patients with upper extremity motor impairment before, during, and after up to 6 weeks of therapy using a BCI system with tongue and functional electrical stimulations. We acquired functional images during imagined (MI) and executed (ME) tapping and squeezing of each hand; not all subjects performed all tasks. Two subjects’ scans were flipped so that as a group the lesion was left (L) and the impaired limb right (R). We computed LI using 3 mask sets: whole brain, motor network, and motor cortex. Group-level analyses examined FC changes to motor network seeds using AFNI and Matlab NBS toolbox. Results: BCI intervention led to decreased average...
Allegory from the Cave: A Story about a Mis-Educated Profession and Paradoxical Prescription

The Article reviews and engages Professor Derrick Bell’s more recent scholarship on the nature of the legal profession and the practice of law – ETHICAL AMBITION: LIVING A LIFE OF MEANING AND WORTH – placing Bell’s work in the broader framework of the entire legal enterprise highlighting its relevance to legal ethics, the ills of the profession and legal training. The Article juxtaposes Bell’s more contemporary critique of the legal profession and practice with the observations of Carter G. Woodson in THE MIS-EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO, another African-American educator largely unfamiliar to the broader legal academy. The author proposes that the contextual synchronicity of these two works has the potential to dramatically transform the faces of legal education and legal practice, and encourage honesty in ethics discourse. In the author’s view, Bell and Woodson’s works are revolutionary in scope and provide the justification and the framework for a more self-integrative approach to law practice. Specifically, the Article examines the challenges faced by the legal academy and profession in developing ethical and effective lawyers, and offers a platform for a paradigm shift in the practice of law. It then demonstrates how the work of these two African-American intellectuals provides the justification and the framework for what I call a more self-integrative practice of law; and hence, a partial answer to the ills of the profession and shortcomings of legal education. Thus, Bell’s and Woodson’s work merely serves as a springboard for the proposed paradigm shift in the practice of law and confronting ethical and professional dilemmas. Additionally, the inquiry of this Article deserves renewed interest in light of the Carnegie Report – Educating Lawyers: Preparation for the Profession of Law (2007), which supports my view of the centrality of the holistic development of lawyers to promoting ideals of justice and value-laden decision making towards professional formation.The Article begins with a summary of Bell’s and Woodson’s works and demonstrates the connections between them in the context of humanizing the study and practice of law. The author then addresses some of the practical constraints of implementing a self-integrative perspective into law school curricula and legal practice, and attempts to respond to some of the more poignant questions regarding the recommended paradigm. The Article concludes by highlighting the tremendous benefits to be realized if one acknowledges Woodson’s insights and utilizes Bell’s principles as beacons to creating a new framework for training lawyers and engaging in the ethical practice of law.
Longitudinal study of condom use patterns among women with or at risk for HIV.

The objectives of this paper are to compare the patterns of condom use at three times for sexually active HIV-infected women and a comparison group of uninfected women and to examine correlates of condom-use patterns. Data are reported from the first three visits (first year) of a longitudinal study of the biomedical and behavioral manifestations of HIV infection in women. Analyses were conducted on 386 HIV-infected and 203 uninfected sexually active women. Participants were interviewed at enrollment and at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. HIV-infected and uninfected women received safer-sex counseling at each study visit and uninfected women were tested for HIV. Consistent condom use at all three times was reported by a higher percentage of HIV-infected than uninfected women (34% vs.13%; p ≤ .01) whereas inconsistent or nonuse was more common among the uninfected than infected women (21% vs.7%; p ≤ .01). Condom use differed by partner serostatus: 25% of the HIV-infected women with infected partners reported consistent condom use compared with 41% of those with partners whose serostatus was negative or unknown. For HIV-infected women with uninfected partners, injecting drugs and crack use were associated with inconsistent condom use. These findings suggest that HIV serostatus of women and their partners affects consistency of condom use. Despite greater condom use by HIV-infected women with partners of negative or unknown serostatus than by those with infected partners, the fact that condom use was far from universal suggests the need for interventions involving uninfected male partners of infected women.