cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strengthening the predictive power of screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in younger and older children

Abstract Background There is increasing interest in routine screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) to help identify high-risk children who would benefit from interventions. However, there has not yet been sufficient research concerning which particular set of ACEs would be most predictive as a potential screening tool. Objective This study compared 40 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), covering 11 different conceptual domains, in their ability to predict trauma symptoms in childhood. Participants and setting The current study uses pooled data from three National Surveys of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) conducted in 2008, 2011, and 2014. Each survey collected information on children aged one month to 17 years. Methods Samples were obtained from a mix of random digit dialing and address based sampling methods. Telephone interviews were conducted with children 10 years and older and with caregivers, if the randomly selected child was under age 10. Results and conclusion A different set of 15 items best predicted trauma symptoms for younger (2−9-year-old) compared to older (10−17-year-old) youth. Some conventional ACEs, like physical and emotional abuse, proved important for both age groups. However, family-related factors were more predictive for younger children, while community and peer violence exposures were more predictive for older children. Our new proposed measures explained substantially more variance in subsequent trauma symptoms than did the original ACE measure (R2 = .31 vs .18 for 2-9 year olds; R2 = .43 vs .26 for 10-17 year olds; p
Do people really know what food retailers exist in their neighborhood? Examining GIS-based and perceived presence of retail food outlets in an eight-county region of South Carolina.

Abstract Measures of neighborhood food environments have been linked to diet and obesity. However, the appropriate measurement methods and how people actually perceive their food environments are still unclear. In a cross-sectional study of 939 adults, the perceived presence of food outlets was compared to the geographic-based presence of outlets within a participant’s neighborhood, utilizing percent agreement and Kappa statistics. Perceived presence was based on survey-administered questions, and geographic-based presence was characterized using 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-mile (1-mile = 1.6 km) Euclidean- and network-based buffers centered on each participant’s residence. Analyses were also stratified by urban and non-urban designations. Overall, an individual’s perceived neighborhood food environment was moderately correlated with the geographic-based presence of outlets. The performance of an individual’s perception was most optimal using a 2- or 3-mile geographic-based neighborhood boundary and/or when the participant lived in a non-urban neighborhood. This study has implications for how researchers measure the food environment.
Still just the tip of the iceberg.

Citation:Owens RL. Still just the tip of the iceberg. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(suppl_1):9S–10S.
Potato Market Participation and Its Extents Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia: A Double Hurdle Approach

Potato is an important commodity for livelihood in many parts of Ethiopia. Potato producers in Ethiopia face sophisticated marketing challenges, including inadequate access to market and low amount of marketed surpluses due to subsistence-oriented production of potato. The study aimed to identify factors that determine the market participation and its extents. About 136 potato producers were selected randomly from peasant association found in Dedo Districts of Ethiopia. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary sources. Descriptive and econometric methods of data analysis were used to analyze data from the survey. A double hurdle model was applied to investigate factors affecting market participation and its extents. Results of descriptive statistics revealed that out of the total sample producer, 87.5 % of sample household has participated in the potato market. Age, sex, education, land size allocated for potato, and non-farm income were significantly influencing potato market participation. Age, sex, education (years of schooling), non-farm income, active labor and land allocated for potato influenced smallholder farmers level of market participation.
Experiential Learning in Data Science: Developing an Interdisciplinary, Client-Sponsored Capstone Program

Interest in data science education and degree programs has rapidly expanded over the past several years. An integral part of many degree programs is a capstone experience, where students complete a major research or real-world project at the culmination of their educational program. In engineering and computer science, many have shown that client-sponsored projects lead to better student engagement and improved training. In this paper, we discuss experiences with developing an interdisciplinary, client-sponsored capstone program in data science and machine learning. We show how we set up the capstone program, including how the program is structured, how projects are set up, how the course is managed, how students are assessed, and outline the newly developed capstone curriculum. Finally, we report results from a cohort of students participating in this capstone program and discuss lessons learned as well as best practices when developing data science capstone programs.
JBSR Conference Paper- Presentation

This paper uses a chi square analysis and spill over theory to consider how workplace bullying has an impact on respondents' desire for physical intimacy. Findings confirmed that black women are more likely to have a declined desire for physical intimacy because of workplace bullying in higher education.
Rent Preservation and the Persistence of Underdevelopment

Initial inequality in endowments and opportunities, together with low average levels of endowments, can create constituencies in a society that combine to paralyze reforms, even though the status quo hurts them collectively. Each constituency prefers reforms that expand its opportunities, but in an unequal society, this will typically hurt another constituency's rents. Competitive rent preservation ensures no comprehensive reform path may command broad support. Though the initial conditions may well be a legacy of the colonial past, persistence does not require the presence of coercive political institutions, perhaps one reason why underdevelopment has survived independence and democratization. Instead, the roots of underdevelopment may lie in the natural tendency towards rent preservation in a divided society.
SU-E-T-630: Predictive Modeling of Mortality, Tumor Control, and Normal Tissue Complications After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: While rates of local control have been well characterized after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), less data are available characterizing survival and normal tissue toxicities, and no validated models exist assessing these parameters after SBRT. We evaluate the reliability of various machine learning techniques when applied to radiation oncology datasets to create predictive models of mortality, tumor control, and normal tissue complications. Methods: A dataset of 204 consecutive patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) at the University of Pennsylvania between 2009 and 2013 was used to create predictive models of tumor control, normal tissue complications, and mortality in this IRB-approved study. Nearly 200 data fields of detailed patient- and tumor-specific information, radiotherapy dosimetric measurements, and clinical outcomes data were collected. Predictive models were created for local tumor control, 1- and 3-year overall survival, and nodal failure using 60% of the data (leaving the remainder as a test set). After applying feature selection and dimensionality reduction, nonlinear support vector classification was applied to the resulting features. Models were evaluated for accuracy and area under ROC curve on the 81-patient test set. Results: Models for common events in the dataset (such as mortality at one year) had the highest predictive power (AUC = .67, p < 0.05). For rare occurrences such as radiation pneumonitis and local failure (each occurring in less than 10% of patients), too few events were present to create reliable models. Conclusion: Although this study demonstrates the validity of predictive analytics using information extracted from patient medical records and can most reliably predict for survival after SBRT, larger sample sizes are needed to develop predictive models for normal tissue toxicities and more advanced machine learning methodologies need be consider in the future.
Speed and rotor position estimation of the PMSM by SM observers with compound manifolds and linear feedback

The paper presents a method to estimate the speed and rotor position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Estimation is done using cascaded sliding mode (SM) observers. A front observer estimates the EMFs of the motor in the stationary reference frame; these are obtained by filtering the manifolds of the SM observer. The EMFs are passed to a back SM observer that estimates the speed and re-estimates the EMFs. The method uses only the measured voltages and currents - it is useful for sensorless speed controlled PMSM drives where the EMFs are used to compute the rotor position angle and the speed is needed for feedback. The paper presents the design of the EMF observer; then, it shows three versions of the speed observer - this is a two-dimensional SM design that uses compound manifolds and linear feedback as well. The mathematics of the observers is validated with simulations and experimental results.
Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic, Oxygen

Oxygen difluoride is the most stable binary compound of oxygen and fluorine. It is mainly a laboratory chemical. Dioxygen difluoride is unstable and difficult to purify, but has found some application in the conversion of uranium oxides to UF6 and as a recovery agent for actinides from nuclear wastes. Physical and chemical properties are given.
Autofluorescence imaging with near-infrared excitation:normalization by reflectance to reduce signal from choroidal fluorophores.

PURPOSE We previously developed reduced-illuminance autofluorescence imaging (RAFI) methods involving near-infrared (NIR) excitation to image melanin-based fluorophores and short-wavelength (SW) excitation to image lipofuscin-based flurophores. Here, we propose to normalize NIR-RAFI in order to increase the relative contribution of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fluorophores. METHODS Retinal imaging was performed with a standard protocol holding system parameters invariant in healthy subjects and in patients. Normalized NIR-RAFI was derived by dividing NIR-RAFI signal by NIR reflectance point-by-point after image registration. RESULTS Regions of RPE atrophy in Stargardt disease, AMD, retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, and Leber congenital amaurosis as defined by low signal on SW-RAFI could correspond to a wide range of signal on NIR-RAFI depending on the contribution from the choroidal component. Retinal pigment epithelium atrophy tended to always correspond to high signal on NIR reflectance. Normalizing NIR-RAFI reduced the choroidal component of the signal in regions of atrophy. Quantitative evaluation of RPE atrophy area showed no significant differences between SW-RAFI and normalized NIR-RAFI. CONCLUSIONS Imaging of RPE atrophy using lipofuscin-based AF imaging has become the gold standard. However, this technique involves bright SW lights that are uncomfortable and may accelerate the rate of disease progression in vulnerable retinas. The NIR-RAFI method developed here is a melanin-based alternative that is not absorbed by opsins and bisretinoid moieties, and is comfortable to view. Further development of this method may result in a nonmydriatic and comfortable imaging method to quantify RPE atrophy extent and its expansion rate.
Emissions of nitrous oxide and methane from conventional and alternative fuel motor vehicles

This paper provides estimates of emissions of two important but often not well-characterized greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to transportation energy use: methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The paper focuses on emissions of CH4 and N2O from motor vehicles because unlike emissions of CO2, which are relatively easy to estimate, emissions of CH4 and N2O are a function of many complex aspects of combustion dynamics and of the type of emission control systems used. They therefore cannot be derived easily and instead must be determined through the use of published emission factors for each combination of fuel, end-use technology, combustion conditions, and emission control system. Furthermore, emissions of CH4 and N2O may be particularly important with regard to the relative CO2-equivalent GHG emissions of the use of alternative transportation fuels, in comparison with the use of conventional fuels. By analyzing a database of emission estimates, we develop emission factors for N2O and CH4 from conventional vehicles, in order to supplement recent EPA and IPCC estimates, and we estimate relative emissions of N2O and CH4 from different alternative fuel passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles.
Distributed Pasting of Small Votes

Bagging and boosting are two popular ensemble methods that achieve better accuracy than a single classifier. These techniques have limitations on massive datasets, as the size of the dataset can be a bottleneck. Voting many classifiers built on small subsets of data ("pasting small votes") is a promising approach for learning from massive datasets. Pasting small votes can utilize the power of boosting and bagging, and potentially scale up to massive datasets. We propose a framework for building hundreds or thousands of such classifiers on small subsets of data in a distributed environment. Experiments show this approach is fast, accurate, and scalable to massive datasets.
A random access picture digitizer, display, and memory system

The JPL Robotics Research Program is developing techniques that might be applicable in the future to planetary missions, to the assembly of large structures in Earth orbit, or to free-swimming underwater vehicles where there is a need for the integration of a computer vision system with mechanical effectors. In each of these applications there Is a necessity for real-time processing and a size limit on the on-board processor. To meet these objectives, a random access picture digitizer and memory system (RAPID) has been developed which provides, in effect, real-time random access television cameras to the computer. This short report describes the impact of RAPID on the Robotics Program, both in terms of the hardware design and software organization.
KANT'S REFUTATION OF IDEALISM: A REPLY TO CHIGNELL

I reply to the most important criticisms made by Chignell of my ‘Kant's Refutation of Idealism’. I also introduce a new consideration which brings out more fully the power of Kant's argument.
Power and Particle Handling and Wall Conditioning in NCSX

Plasma boundary control in stellarators has been shown to be very effective in improving plasma performance and, accordingly, is an important element from the very beginning of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) design. Studies of the magnetic field topology outside the last closed magnetic surface (LCMS) indicate the possibility of many toroidal revolutions of field lines launched within a couple of centimeters of the LCMS. Field line connection lengths, typically in the order of 100 m, should be sufficient to allow for the necessary separation of divertor and separatrix temperatures. In the top and bottom of the bean-shaped cross section (toroidal angle {psi} = 0), afield expansion of >5 is observed, which will help to spread out the heat flux on limiters and divertor plates. Plasma-facing components (PFCs) will be developed systematically according to our respective understanding of the NCSX boundary; the phased PFC development will start out with a set of limiters and has the eventual goal to develop a divertor with all the benefits of impurity and neutrals control. Neutrals calculations have been started to investigate the effect of neutrals penetration at various plasma cross sections, especially at the location of {psi} = 0 deg. Advanced wallmore » conditioning techniques, as employed in other major fusion devices, will be incorporated in the NCSX operation.« less
Market Segmentation and the Diffusion of Quality-Enhancing Innovations: The Case of Downhill Skiing

We report econometric results concerning the diffusion of detachable chairlifts in the United States that provide the first empirical evidence that the adoption of a technological innovation by a firm decreases the likelihood that a local competitor will also adopt it. We model the effect that an innovation in service speed has on a f's incentive to differentiate the quality of its service from that of its competitors. In our model, the incentive to adopt is negatively related to the number of competitors who have already adopted. Our empirical results support this hypothesis.
A phenomenological theory of rocket immunoelectrophoresis.

Abstract A phenomenological theory of mass transport for antigen—antibody reactions predicts many of the characteristic features of rocket-immunoelectrophoretic patterns including the linear dependence of rocket height upon antigen concentration. The results of the calculations also have implications for the interpretation of crossed inimunoelectrophoretic patterns.
Dynamic evolution in societal networks

A societal network is defined to be a finite directed graph in which individuals are represented by nodes, and relations between individuals by labelled arcs. Each individual undergoes state transitions at discrete instants of time, so that the societal network may be thought of as a deterministic dynamic process. It is shown that the individuals of such a network may be divided into equivalance classes, so that the original network may be represented by a reduced network containing one node for each equivalence class. Similar results are obtained for a more general type of partition called a “class structure.” The application of these concepts is illustrated in the context of “balanced” networks, which have either positive or negative relations between nodes. The long‐run behavior of societal networks is then examined, and it is shown that any network will eventually reach either a stable state or a periodic pattern of state transitions. In the case of a probabilistic transition rule, it is proved that t...
Robustness of the T Test: A Guide for Researchers on Effect of Violations of Assumptions:

The purpose of this study was to determine empirically the effects of quantified violations of assumptions underlying the t test. Using computer simulations, the effects of heterogeneity of varianc...
Optimizing general-purpose software instrumentation middleware performance for distributed real-time and embedded systems

Software instrumentation is an important aspect of software-intensive distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems because it enables real-time feedback of system properties, such as resource usage and component state, for performance analysis. Although it is critical not to collect too much instrumentation data to ensure minimal impact on the DRE system's existing performance properties, the design and implementation of software instrumentation middleware can impact how much instrumentation data can be collected. This can indirectly impact the DRE system's existing properties and performance analysis, and is more of a concern when using general-purpose software instrumentation middleware for DRE systems. This paper provides two contributions to instrumenting software-intensive DRE systems. First, it presents two techniques named the Standard Flat-rate Envelope and Pay-per-use for improving the performance of software instrumentation middleware for DRE systems. Secondly, it quantitatively evaluates performance gains realized by the two techniques in the context the Open-source Architecture for Software Instrumentation of Systems (OASIS), which is open-source dynamic instrumentation middleware for DRE systems. Our results show that the Standard Flat-rate Envelope improves performance up to 57% and the Pay-per-use improves performance up to 49%.
Generation of optical Schröinger cat states by number-resolved squeezed photon subtraction

We have generated and measured an approximation of an optical Schrodinger cat state by photon subtraction from a squeezed state. Using single-photon avalanche photodiode detectors and photon-number-resolving transition edge sensors, we were able to extract Wigner distributions for one or two photons subtracted from the squeezed state, resulting in both an odd and even cat state. The one-photon-subtracted Wigner distribution shows measured negative features (without any correction), indicating quantum character. The Wigner distribution of the two-photon-subtracted state is negative after correcting for homodyne losses. A full statistical analysis is under way to quantify the magnitude and fidelity of the cat states generated.
Teaching Students with Disabilities: A Review of Music Education Research as It Relates to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

This article explores trends in research since the 1975 passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), notes gaps in the literature, and offers suggestions for future directions music education researchers could take in exploring the needs and experiences of music teachers and their students with disabilities. A majority of existing literature examines teacher perceptions and attitudes toward students with special needs and preservice music teacher preparation. As the number of students served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act continues to grow, and policy changes create more complex expectations of teachers, music education researchers need to continue to study these topics and broaden research to include outside perspectives, assessment and evaluation, and more research on classroom practices and voices of students with disabilities in order to better serve music teachers and their students.
Note on the local growth of iterated polynomials

The local behavior of the iterates of a real polynomial is investigated. The fundamental result may be stated as follows:
Hospital Resource Consumption and Outcome: Route of Admission and Age for Hospitalized Otolaryngology Patients

• Hospitals and physicians face new payment mechanisms that provide incentives to study health policy, management, and economics. The purpose of this study was to analyze hospital resource consumption and outcome based on age and the route of hospital admission (emergency [ER] vs nonemergency [non-ER]). We analyzed all adult otolaryngology hospital admissions (N=1589) during a three-year period (1985 through 1987) to a large northeastern academic medical center. Hospital resource consumption, measured by hospital length of stay and total hospital cost per patient, rose with age for ER and non-ER admissions. Severity of illness, clinical resource utilization, and mortality demonstrated these same characteristics. Diagnosis related group prospective hospital payment generated financial risk for ER admissions and elderly patients. Analysis demonstrated ER admission as more predictive of subsequent hospital resource consumption and outcome with changes in age compared with non-ER admission. Our findings suggest that in the future physicians and hospitals may find that age and the route of admission may be useful in stratifying patients regarding cost and outcome. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:87-91)
Unified electro-magneto-fluid dynamics (EMFD): Introductory concepts

Abstract Recent advances in numerical techniques and computing technology, as well as new, fully rigorous theoretical treatments, have made analysis of combined electro-magneto-fluid dynamic (EMFD) flows well within reach. A survey of electro-magnetics and the theory describing combined electro-magneto-hydrodynamic flows is presented. In Part 1 emphasis is placed on describing the sources and interactions of electric and magnetic fields described by Maxwell's equations. The natural and induced sources of material polarization and magnetization are described as well as the sources and transport of electric charge in the fluid. The paper concludes with a presentation of the unified EMFD system of equations, combining Maxwell's equations, the Navier-Stokes equations and material constitutive relations. Part 2 of this paper [Int. J. Non-Linear Mechanics 32, 923–932 (1997)] will focus on a comparison of existing separate electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) and magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) models with the unified EMFD model.
ICDs, VT, VF, and the AATS and STS.

I n this issue of The Annals Markewitz and collaborators [1] from Munich, Germany, and Hammel and colleagues [2] from Muenster, Germany, describe their experience with the remarkable fourth-generation Medtronic PCD 7219D Jewel implantable arrhythmia control device. This technological tour de force is extensively programmable with diagnostic functions, biphasic waveform cardioversion, antitachycardia pacing, and bradycardia back-up pacing. The Medtronic PCD 7219D Jewel can deliver up to 300 shocks and professes a longevity of 41/2 years. The device has a volume of 83 em" and a weight of only 132 g! Thus, in 69% and 87% of patients, respectively, insertion required only a single subclavicular incision for simultaneous venous access and subpectoral implantation. In 16 and 23 patients, respectively, "no mortality, no morbidity, and no surgical complications were observed." Both groups should be commended on their surgical technique, but one wonders whether these results can be reproduced easily.
Some experimental observations of the surface elasticity of surfactant solutions

Abstract Previous experimental data concerning the propagation of waves in ripple tanks and the onset of waves in falling liquid films are reexamined in order to obtain new values of the compositional surface elasticity. Values of the elasticity from these dynamic experiments are compared with thermodynamic values. The results, especially those from the ripple tank experiments, are encouraging.
Removal of Refractory Organics from Water by Aeration. I. Methyl Chloroform

Abstract A mathematical model for the removal of volatile organics from water by aeration and by solvent sublation into an organic phase is presented. The model includes the effect of the finite rate of solute mass transfer from the aqueous into the vapor phase. Results are calculated for the removal of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) chloroform, and benzene from water with 1-octanol, anisole, or kerosene as the organic phase. Experimental data on the aeration of TCE and on its solvent sublation into I-octanol are in good agreement with the model. Small bubbles and long water columns greatly reduce the inefficiency of the process caused by mass transfer rate limitations.
Reverse isotope effect on the superconductivity of PdH, PdD, and PdT

Abstract The reverse isotope effect on the superconducting transition temperature of PdH, PdD, and PdT is quantitatively explained by incorporating the effects of the zero-point motion of Pd and H on the electronic structure of the system. The vibration of the Pd atom smears out its charge distribution in space. The corresponding potential is felt by the vibrating H, D, and T atoms. This interaction modelled in terms of the Debye-Waller mechanism is shown to have a significant effect on the electron-phonon coupling constant. The anharmonicities in the phonon spectra and the electronic structure influenced by the vibrating atoms play a major role in the observed isotope dependence of the transition temperature.
What’s Learned Together Stays Together: Speakers’ Choice of Referring Expression Reflects Shared Experience

When referring to named objects, speakers can choose either a name (mbira) or a description (that gourd-like instrument with metal strips); whether the name provides useful information depends on whether the speaker's knowledge of the name is shared with the addressee. But, how do speakers determine what is shared? In 2 experiments a naive participant (director) learned names for novel objects, then instructed another participant (matcher), who viewed 3 objects, to click on the target object. Directors learned novel names in 2 phases. First, the director and the matcher learned (shared) names either together or alone; second, the director learned (privileged) names alone. Directors typically used a name for items with shared names and a description for items with privileged names. When the director and matcher learned the names individually but with knowledge of what the other learned, directors were much more likely to use privileged names than when director and matcher learned shared names together. Experiment 1b separated effects of collaborative learning from partner-specific effects, showing collaborative learning experience with 1 person helps a speaker distinguish shared and privileged information with a new partner who has the same knowledge. Experiment 2 showed that partner-specific effects persisted even when semantic category was a reliable cue to which names were privileged. The results are interpreted as evidence that ordinary memory processes provide access to shared knowledge in real-time production of referring expressions and that shared experience when learning shared names provides a strong memory cue to the ground status of names. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).
Role of phosphate depletion and high dialysate calcium in controlling dialytic renal osteodystrophy

The increasing utilization of hemodialysis for long-term maintenance in end-stage renal insufficiency has led to the recognition that hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy are frequent, if not universal, complications. Although scattered reports have dealt with factors influencing the development of these conditions, there has been little systematic evaluation. Recently, attention has focused on inorganic phosphate retention and on the calcium content of the dialysate bath. Since other reports in this issue of Kidney International will deal with abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism, this paper will only touch on this aspect and will concentrate on calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P i ) per se . An excellent comprehensive review of the entire subject has been published recently by Stanbury [1].
Dynamic navigation in multiple view software specifications and designs

Abstract This paper describes an approach for dynamic navigation among multiple view software specifications and designs. Each view contains graphical and/or textual information about a particular aspect of the system. The paper describes an approach for facilitating access to a specification/design model by mapping the multiple views of the model to an integrated underlying representation and providing a Dynamic Navigation System for navigating through this representation in an application-independent and method-independent fashion. The paper also describes a hypermedia prototype that provides dynamic navigation among the multiple views using different search strategies and paths.
Nanoparticle-free single molecule anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy.

In the absence of large, plasmon-supporting nanoparticles, biocompatible dendrimer- and peptide-encapsulated few-atom Ag nanoclusters produce scaffold-specific single molecule (SM) Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The strong SM vibrational signatures are enhanced by the ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}}_{n}$ transitions in nanoparticle-free samples and cannot arise from plasmon enhancement. Characteristic SM-Raman intermittency is observed, with antibunching of the underlying ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}}_{n}$ emission directly confirming the SM nature of the emissive species.
Effects of adenosine on polymorphonuclear leucocyte function, cyclic 3′:5′‐adenosine monophosphate, and intracellular calcium

1. Inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function by adenosine was studied with respect to effects of adenosine on intracellular cyclic AMP and calcium during the PMN respiratory burst. 2. The adenosine analogue 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA) and L-N6-phenyl-isopropyl-adenosine (L-PIA) inhibited PMN oxygen metabolite generation with relative potencies (NECA greater than adenosine greater than L-PIA) characteristic of an A2 receptor. 3. The respiratory burst was inhibited by adenosine when PMN were activated by calcium ionophore or chemotactic peptide but not when cells where activated by oleoyl-acetyl-glycerol (OAG). 4. Adenosine increased intracellular cyclic AMP during the PMN respiratory burst regardless of whether cells were stimulated by ionophore, chemotactic peptide or OAG. 5. To determine whether the differences in cell inhibition by adenosine were related to differences in intracellular calcium mobilization by each activating agent, calcium was evaluated with the fluorescent probe, indo-1. Adenosine suppressed the increase in intracellular calcium following PMN activation by calcium ionophore or chemotactic peptide. In contrast, calcium did not increase in PMN activated by OAG and adenosine did not affect intracellular calcium changes following this stimulus. 6. These results demonstrate that physiological concentrations of adenosine inhibit the PMN respiratory burst in association with an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and reduction of intracellular calcium.
Continued Hyperactivity on the Secondary Star of AM Herculis

We present observations in the red region of the spectrum of the magnetic cataclysmic variable prototype AM Her during its 2005 low state. We confirm the unexpected structure of the Hα emission line and verify most of the conclusions of our earlier study: the line is typically triple-peaked, and the radial velocity curves of all three components are phased with the radial velocities of absorption features from the photosphere of the M dwarf secondary star. The red and blue satellites of the central Hα peak were interpreted in the earlier paper as arising from magnetically confined gas motions in large, long-lived loop prominences on the secondary star; our new data are consistent with that conclusion. Furthermore, although the radial velocities of the strong central peak of the Hα emission line suggested an origin from the irradiation-heated inner hemisphere of the secondary, the phase variation of the equivalent width of the line in these new data is inconsistent with such an interpretation. It is likely that the central component of Hα has a significant contribution from stellar activity on the secondary star. Finally, simultaneous V-band photometry of the system was acquired during much of the spectroscopy, with the expectation that the ~0.6 mag flares seen in earlier data might be correlated with changes in Hα. Although the strength of Hα increased by ~1.5 times on several brief occasions during the spectroscopy, no simultaneous photometric flaring was detected.
A mortar-finite element approach to lubricated contact problems

Abstract In this paper, a new numerical approach, based on mortar discretization of interface fields, is proposed to solve lubricated contact problems between deformable solid bodies. The Reynolds approximation to the thin film fluid equations is used to describe the fluid behavior on the interface, while the equations of small strain elasticity (to which finite elements are applied) are assumed to govern the solid body behavior. The result of this approach is a monolithic scheme in which the fluid and solid mechanics are solved simultaneously, without the need for iterative or staggered approaches between the fluid and solid phases. Key features of the approach are that the fluid film thickness, directly related to the deformation of the solid phase, is computed from a least squares projection based on dual basis functions (as pioneered by Wohlmuth [B.I. Wohlmuth, Discretization Methods and Iterative Solvers Based on Domain Decomposition, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2001]). The free boundary problem for the fluid phase, corresponding to the boundary between lubricated and cavitated regions, is regularized with a penalty method and thus resolved as part of the solution. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the approach.
Fear of Intimacy among Dating Couples

Fear of intimacy among heterosexual dating couples was examined with the Fear-of-Intimacy Scale (FIS) and the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR). Following a 6-month interval, couples were again contacted to determine whether they continued to date. Males reported higher FIS scores than females, and FIS scores were positively correlated within couples. Also, FIS scores of males and females were significantly correlated with indices of actual and desired intimacy; however, for females, correlations of FIS scores with desired intimacy were significantly lower than correlations with actual intimacy. Females who were no longer in the dating relationship at the 6-month follow-up had higher FIS scores than those who were continuing in their dating relationship. These findings increase our understanding of fear of intimacy, especially gender differences in dating couples.
Physiographic and Human Responses to Flooding in the Lower Meghna River Region of Bangladesh

(2001). Physiographic and Human Responses to Flooding in the Lower Meghna River Region of Bangladesh. Geocarto International: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 75-80.
Simultaneous quantitative gas chromatographic determination of atropine and scopolamine.

Atropine and scopolamine as free bases were simultaneously quantitated by GLC. Atropine and its sulfate salt produced peaks as apoatropine and atropine base. Scopolamine base produced peaks of scopolamine and a product of lower molecular weight. Linear standard curves were obtained between 0.5 and 200 mcg. for each alkaloid. Pure compounds and plant extracts were compared with the USP XVII assay for total alkaloids of belladonna.
Practical Considerations When Evaluating Direct-to-Consumer Advertising as a Marketing Strategy for Prescription Medications:

The decision to use direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs is one that pharmaceutical marketers must consider carefully. The risks, novelty, and controversy surrounding this strategy make it either appealing or intimidating, depending on the risk-seeking nature of the pharmaceutical company. To enhance one's ability to determine whether DTCA is an appropriate marketing strategy, product-related criteria have been presented for marketers to consider. By evaluating these criteria, as well as the current regulatory and social environments, pharmaceutical marketers will be prepared to design and justify an effective consumer-directed advertising campaign. Future research initiatives in this area can facilitate the quality of decision making by determining the impact of DTCA on patient/health care professional relationships, patient compliance and health, consumer attitudes, and medication prices. Consumer-directed pharmaceutical marketing initiatives are only going to expand in number an...
Quantitative determination of reducing sugars, oligosaccharides, and glycoproteins with [3H]borohydride

Abstract A very simple and direct radioactive isotope method has been described for the quantitative determination of reducing sugars. The method can be adapted to give any degree of sensitivity desired. The procedure is of general applicability to the determination of a large class of sugars. The stoichiometry of the reaction makes it a comprehensive procedure which greatly facilitates the analysis of sugars, oligosaccharides, and glycoproteins after acid and enzymic hydrolysis. Examples of the versatility of the method are given.
Low-bandgap conjugated polymer for high efficient photovoltaic applications.

We investigate the morphological and performance of organic photovoltaics based on blended films of alternating poly(thiophene–phenylene–thiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The resulting fine-scale phase separation leads to enhanced performance and the highest power efficiency (6.4% under AM 1.5G (100 mW cm−2)) when we use solvent annealing process.
Control of mitosis by changes in the subcellular location of cyclin-B1–Cdk1 and Cdc25C

Nuclear events of mitosis are initiated when the protein kinase cyclin-B1-Cdk1 is translocated into the nucleus during prophase. Recent work has unveiled many of the mechanisms that govern the localization of cyclin-B1-Cdk1 and its regulator Cdc25C. Phosphorylation-dependent changes in the rate of nuclear import and export of these proteins help to control the onset of mitosis both in normal cells and in cells delayed before mitosis by DNA damage.
Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of reflexive and volitional saccades: evidence from studies of humans.

Abstract This review provides a summary of the contributions made by human functional neuroimaging studies to the understanding of neural correlates of saccadic control. The generation of simple visually guided saccades (redirections of gaze to a visual stimulus or pro-saccades) and more complex volitional saccades require similar basic neural circuitry with additional neural regions supporting requisite higher level processes. The saccadic system has been studied extensively in non-human (e.g., single-unit recordings) and human (e.g., lesions and neuroimaging) primates. Considerable knowledge of this system’s functional neuroanatomy makes it useful for investigating models of cognitive control. The network involved in pro-saccade generation (by definition largely exogenously-driven) includes subcortical (striatum, thalamus, superior colliculus, and cerebellar vermis) and cortical (primary visual, extrastriate, and parietal cortices, and frontal and supplementary eye fields) structures. Activation in these regions is also observed during endogenously-driven voluntary saccades (e.g., anti-saccades, ocular motor delayed response or memory saccades, predictive tracking tasks and anticipatory saccades, and saccade sequencing), all of which require complex cognitive processes like inhibition and working memory. These additional requirements are supported by changes in neural activity in basic saccade circuitry and by recruitment of additional neural regions (such as prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices). Activity in visual cortex is modulated as a function of task demands and may predict the type of saccade to be generated, perhaps via top-down control mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies suggest two foci of activation within FEF - medial and lateral - which may correspond to volitional and reflexive demands, respectively. Future research on saccade control could usefully (i) delineate important anatomical subdivisions that underlie functional differences, (ii) evaluate functional connectivity of anatomical regions supporting saccade generation using methods such as ICA and structural equation modeling, (iii) investigate how context affects behavior and brain activity, and (iv) use multi-modal neuroimaging to maximize spatial and temporal resolution.
Electron trapping in thin SiO2 films due to avalanche currents

Abstract The avalanche breakdown phenomenon in silicon results in the injection of charge into silicon dioxide, where it may be partly trapped. Experimental results on the dependence of electron trapping in silicon dioxide on total dose and dose rate (current density) are presented for avalanching MOS drain junctions and capacitors.
Abstract 2954: TWIST1 is a critical mediator of KRAS mutant tumorigenesis in human non-small cell lung cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL A large fraction of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) have mutant KRAS, which is associated with poor response to current cytotoxic therapy and a poor prognosis. Although the KRAS signaling pathway has been well characterized, no current therapies target this critical oncogene. Several studies have demonstrated that bypass of senescence in Kras-mediated adenocarcinoma mouse models is essential for tumorigenesis. Therefore, activation of senescence in KRAS mutant NSCLC may be an effective therapeutic strategy. We recently demonstrated that the basic helix loop helix transcription factor Twist1 cooperates with mutant Kras to induce lung adenocarcinoma in transgenic mouse models and that inhibition of Twist1 in these models led to activation of Kras-induced senescence and tumor stasis. In the current study, we examine the role of TWIST1 in KRAS mutant human NSCLC. Silencing of TWIST1 in multiple KRAS mutant NSCLC cell lines resulted in dramatic growth inhibition and either reactivation of oncogene-induced senescence or in some cases, apoptosis. Similar effects were also observed in four KRAS wild type lines, including cell lines with key driver mutations including a cell line with an activating EGFR mutation and a cell line with c-Met amplification. Gene set enrichment analysis of NSCLC cell lines after silencing of TWIST1 revealed a striking cell cycle arrest gene signature. Growth inhibition by silencing of TWIST1 was independent of p53 or Rb/p16 mutational status. Furthermore, activation of oncogene-induced senescence by TWIST1 silencing did not require previously defined mediators of senescence, p21 and p27, nor could this phenotype be rescued by overexpression of SKP2. To extend these observations in vivo, TWIST1 was silenced in both KRAS mutant and wildtype cell lines and these cells were implanted in NOD-SCID mice to assess tumor formation. Interestingly, silencing of TWIST1 in xenograft models preferentially inhibited KRAS mutant tumor formation suggesting that TWIST1 plays a critical in mediating KRAS tumorigenesis. Finally, inducible silencing of TWIST1 resulted in significant growth inhibition of established xenograft KRAS mutant tumors. Together these findings suggest TWIST1 is essential for the establishment and maintenance of KRAS mutant NSCLC tumors and silencing of TWIST1 in KRAS mutant NSCLC represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2954. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2954