cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Placement and routing in 3D integrated circuits

Three-dimension technologies offer great promise in providing improvements in the overall circuit performance. Physical design plays a major role in the ability to exploit the flexibilities offered in the third dimension, and this article gives an overview of placement and routing methods for FPGA- and ASIC-style designs. We describe CAD techniques for placement and routing in 3D ICs, developed under our 3D analysis and design optimization framework. These approaches address a dichotomy of design styles, both FPGA and ASIC. The factors that are important in each style are different, so that a one-size-fits-all approach is impractical, and therefore, we present separate approaches for 3D physical design for each of these technologies. Hence, our FPGA placement method uses a two-step optimization process that minimizes inter-tier vias first, followed by further optimization within and across tiers. In contrast, the ASIC flow uses cost function weighting to discourage, but not minimize, inter-tier crossings.
Portfolio Analysis of Layered Security Measures

Layered defenses are necessary for protecting the public from terrorist attacks. Designing a system of such defensive measures requires consideration of the interaction of these countermeasures. In this article, we present an analysis of a layered security system within the lower Manhattan area. It shows how portfolios of security measures can be evaluated through portfolio decision analysis. Consideration is given to the total benefits and costs of the system. Portfolio diagrams are created that help communicate alternatives among stakeholders who have differing views on the tradeoffs between security and economic activity.
Input/output selection in DEA under expert information, with application to financial markets

Abstract Data envelopment analysis (DEA), as generally used, assumes precise knowledge regarding which variables are inputs and outputs; however, in many applications, there exists only partial knowledge. This paper presents a new methodology for selecting input/output variables endogenously to the DEA model in the presence of partial (or expert’s) knowledge by employing a reward variable observed exogenous to the operation of the DMUs. The reward is an allocation of a limited resource by an external agency, e.g. capital allocation by a market, based on the perceived internal managerial efficiencies. We present an iterative two-stage optimization model which addresses the benefit of possibly violating the expert information to determine an optimal internal performance evaluation of the DMUs for maximizing its correlation with the reward metric. Theoretical properties of the model are analyzed and statistical significance tests are developed for the marginal value of expert violation. The methodology is applied in Fundamental Analysis of publicly-traded firms, using quarterly financial data, to determine an optimized DEA-based fundamental strength indicator. More than 800 firms covering all major sectors of the US stock market are used in the empirical evaluation of the model. The firms so-screened by the model are used within out-of-sample mean-variance long-portfolio allocation to demonstrate the superiority of the methodology as an investment decision tool.
Impact of the HITECH Act on physicians’ adoption of electronic health records

Background and Objective The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act has distributed billions of dollars to physicians as incentives for adopting certified electronic health records (EHRs) through the meaningful use (MU) program ultimately aimed at improving healthcare outcomes. The authors examine the extent to which the MU program impacted the EHR adoption curve that existed prior to the Act. Methods Bass and Gamma Shifted Gompertz (G/SG) diffusion models of the adoption of “Any” and “Basic” EHR systems in physicians’ offices using consistent data series covering 2001–2013 and 2006–2013, respectively, are estimated to determine if adoption was stimulated during either a PrePay (2009–2010) period of subsidy anticipation or a PostPay (2011–2013) period when payments were actually made. Results Adoption of Any EHR system may have increased by as much as 7 percentage points above the level predicted in the absence of the MU subsidies. This estimate, however, lacks statistical significance and becomes smaller or negative under alternative model specifications. No substantial effects are found for Basic systems. The models suggest that adoption was largely driven by “imitation” effects ( q -coefficient) as physicians mimic their peers’ technology use or respond to mandates. Small and often insignificant “innovation” effects (p-coefficient) are found suggesting little enthusiasm by physicians who are leaders in technology adoption. Conclusion The authors find weak evidence of the impact of the MU program on EHR uptake. This is consistent with reports that many current EHR systems reduce physician productivity, lack data sharing capabilities, and need to incorporate other key interoperability features (e.g., application program interfaces).
Can pine forest restoration promote a diverse and abundant understory and simultaneously resist nonnative invasion

An important goal of forest restoration is to increase native plant diversity and abundance. Thinning and burning treatments are a common method of reducing fire risk while simultaneously promoting understory production in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. In this study we examine the magnitude and direction of understory plant community recovery after thinning and burning restoration treatments in a ponderosa pine forest. Our objective was to determine if the post-treatment community was a diverse, abundant, and persistent assemblage of native species or if ecological restoration treatments resulted in nonnative species invasion. This project was initiated at the Grand CanyonParashant National Monument, Arizona, USA in 1997. We established four replicated blocks that spanned a gradient of soil types. Each block contained a control and a treated unit. Treated units were thinned to emulate pre-1870 forest stand conditions and prescribed-burned to reintroduce fire to a system that has not burned since � 1870. We measured plant cover using the point-line intercept method and recorded species richness and composition on 0.05 ha belt transects. We examined the magnitude of treatment responses using Cohen’s d effect size analysis. Changes in community composition were analyzed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS). Native plant species cover and richness increased in the thinned and burned areas compared to the controls. By the last year of the study, annual species comprised nearly 60% of the understory cover in the treatment units. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), a nonnative annual grass, spread into large areas of the treated units and became the dominant understory species on the study site. The ecological restoration treatments did promote a more diverse and abundant understory community in ponderosa pine forests. The disturbances generated by such treatments also promoted an invasion by an undesirable nonnative species. Our results demonstrate the need to minimize disturbances generated by restoration treatments and argue for the need to proactively facilitate the recovery of native species after treatment.
Blind SIMO channel estimation for CPM signals

We present a technique for blind channel estimation for continuous-phase modulated (CPM) signals received using multiple sensors. By modeling an appropriately-sampled CPM signal as a sequence of temporally-correlated symbols having known statistics, we use the method of Lopez-Valcarce and Dasgupta to blindly estimate the resulting single-user multi-channel model. We discuss Cramer-Rao bounds on the variance of such estimates, including a bound developed by Cirpan et al., and we show the bounds can be tightened by incorporating the source statistics. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the technique for several CPM signals and for several multipath channels.
Some thoughts on the continuing dilemma of angina pectoris.

electrocardiographic abnormalities. 5 Many reports followed documenting ischaemia by different methods in such patients but, in contrast to ischaemia associated with obstructive CAD, left ventricular wall motion appeared to be preserved. This finding led to speculation about long-term outcomes of such patients. Indeed multiple early reports suggested that outcomes were similar to those of selected subjects without angina and obstructive CAD. Unfortunately, this conclusion was widely embraced and led to dismissal of such patients from subspecialty care and also from general medical care. During our attempts to identify reasons for higher ischaemic heart disease (IHD) event rates among women vs. men, it became clear that there was a strong bias against evaluation of women with chest pain and other findings suggesting IHD. The public message about this gender inequity then prompted referral of more women with these findings to coronary angiography. We began to see increasing numbers of such women who were not only disabled by persistent angina, but had serious adverse outcomes. These concerns led to the WISE study in 1996, and about two-thirds of the initial consecutive cohort of women with chest pain and other findings suggesting IHD were found to have no obstructive CAD: their adverse outcomes confirmed that this was not a benign syndrome, as initially believed. 2 Also important was the application of coronary artery reactivity testing for endothelial and microvascular function (Figure 1). Among women with normal coronary arteries and non-obstructive CAD, WISE study data showed that most had endothelial and/or microvascular dysfunction. The latter was defined by low coronary flow reserve and independently predicted adverse cardiovascular events (e.g. first occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) after 5.4 years followup. 3 These serious events are consistent with the cardiovascular disease continuum expected for a disorder involving the microvasculature. Furthermore, they consume a large amount of healthcare resources. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provided superior resolution to evaluate perfusion, and these patients were found to have a relative failure of subendocardial perfusion to increase with adenosine, which could explain the absence of major changes in left ventricular wall motion. 6
Two-component signal transduction pathways regulating growth and cell cycle progression in a bacterium: a system-level analysis

Two-component signal transduction systems, comprised of histidine kinases and their response regulator substrates, are the predominant means by which bacteria sense and respond to extracellular signals. These systems allow cells to adapt to prevailing conditions by modifying cellular physiology, including initiating programs of gene expression, catalyzing reactions, or modifying protein–protein interactions. These signaling pathways have also been demonstrated to play a role in coordinating bacterial cell cycle progression and development. Here we report a system-level investigation of two-component pathways in the model organism Caulobacter crescentus. First, by a comprehensive deletion analysis we show that at least 39 of the 106 two-component genes are required for cell cycle progression, growth, or morphogenesis. These include nine genes essential for growth or viability of the organism. We then use a systematic biochemical approach, called phosphotransfer profiling, to map the connectivity of histidine kinases and response regulators. Combining these genetic and biochemical approaches, we identify a new, highly conserved essential signaling pathway from the histidine kinase CenK to the response regulator CenR, which plays a critical role in controlling cell envelope biogenesis and structure. Depletion of either cenK or cenR leads to an unusual, severe blebbing of cell envelope material, whereas constitutive activation of the pathway compromises cell envelope integrity, resulting in cell lysis and death. We propose that the CenK–CenR pathway may be a suitable target for new antibiotic development, given previous successes in targeting the bacterial cell wall. Finally, the ability of our in vitro phosphotransfer profiling method to identify signaling pathways that operate in vivo takes advantage of an observation that histidine kinases are endowed with a global kinetic preference for their cognate response regulators. We propose that this system-wide selectivity insulates two-component pathways from one another, preventing unwanted cross-talk.
An assessment of supermarket loyalty cards in one major US market

A survey was conducted in a large US metropolitan area of the West. The objective of the study was to determine if loyalty cards issued by supermarkets are actually associated with customer loyalty and how loyalty cards compare with other factors that retailers could use to enhance supermarket loyalty. The results indicate that loyalty cards are not associated with supermarket loyalty. Frequent users of loyalty cards are more likely to shop at different stores and use loyalty cards from several stores. The consumer respondents indicated that there are a number of factors other than having a supermarket loyalty card that would be more likely to increase their loyalty to any one supermarket. Besides confirming the universally accepted belief that consumers would be more loyal to conveniently located supermarkets, the respondents identified a few other factors that would enhance their supermarket loyalty such as stores that offer fast check‐out lanes. Loyalty factors were cluster analyzed into three categories, those most important, those least important, and those of moderate importance.
Mental Health Care Providers' Views of Their Work with Consumers and Their Reports of Recovery-Orientation, Job Satisfaction, and Personal Growth

The research examined the role of mental health care providers' perceptions of their professional relationships with consumers in understanding their reports of agency recovery-oriented services and their own sense of job satisfaction and personal growth. Multidisciplinary community mental health care providers (N = 105) responded to an online self-report questionnaire. Providers' reports of higher levels of working alliance and greater provider directiveness in working with consumers was significantly related to providers' reports of higher levels of agency recovery-orientation and higher levels of personal growth. Providers' reports of working alliance accounted for the largest proportion of variance in providers' reports of job satisfaction. Mental health providers' perceptions of relationships with consumers are central to understanding providers' views of agency recovery-orientation and sense of professional and personal well-being.
EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA: A MORPHOLOGIC AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY.

Correlated histochemical, phase and electron microscopic studies were employed in examining the eosinophils from a patient with acute eosinophilic leukemia. Numerous morphologic alterations were observed in the leukemic eosinophils and eosinophilic myelocytes. These alterations included asynchronous nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation; an increase in cell size; the formation of eosinophilic granules which vary markedly in number, size, contour, and density; and the presence of fibrillar formations in some of the leukemic cells. Histochemically, the major alterations observed in the leukemic cells were the extensive deposition of glycogen in the cytoplasm and the demonstration of increased phosphorylase activity in these cells. Other minor variations in the histochemical reactivity of the leukemic eosinophils also have been described. Histochemical procedures included technics for proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activities.
The Dirichlet and Regularity Problems for Some Second Order Linear Elliptic Systems on Bounded Lipschitz Domains

In this paper, we investigate divergence-form linear elliptic systems on bounded Lipschitz domains in $\mathbb {R}^{d+1}, d \ge 2$ , with L 2 boundary data. The coefficients are assumed to be real, bounded, and measurable. We show that when the coefficients are small, in Carleson norm, compared to one that is continuous on the boundary, we obtain solvability for both the Dirichlet and regularity boundary value problems given that the coefficients satisfy a certain “pseudo-symmetry” condition.
Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Phenology in Central Iowa and Examination of a Thermal-Unit System to Predict Development Under Field Conditions

Two generations of seedcorn maggots (SCM)occurred in central Iowa in 1980 and 1981. In both years, overwintering flies appeared in late April (at 181/198°Dc; 1980–1981) and the F1 generation appeared in early June (at 494/490 degree-days C; 1980–1981). SCM were uncommon or absent in the summer and fall, strongly suggesting aestivation by flies in the F2. Air temperatures were useful in predicting SCM development in the field; however, both air and soil temperatures overestimated SCM development. Our results indicate that low-risk planting periods could be identified with additional knowledge of SCM population biology.
THE EFFECTS OF TEAM STRATEGIC ORIENTATION ON TEAM PROCESS IN COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTS

In two experiments, we test the effects of team strategic orientation on team member perceptions and information search. In both studies, defensive team strategic orientation increases members’ per...
Targeting Lung Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease found mostly in the Caucasian population; a major complication of CF that often leads to mortality is lung inflammation. Playing a key role in the inflammation, as demonstrated by several studies, is the continuous recruitment of neutrophils to the lung [1-3]. Despite these millions of activated neutrophils, CF patients cannot adequately defend against invading pathogens because the bactericidal activity of the neutrophils in CF patients is dysregulated [4,5] due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene [6]. When pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and several species of Mycobaterium and Burkholera colonize in the lung airways, neutrophils are continuously drawn to the site and cause a persistent inflammatory response [7]. The severity of airway inflammation varies widely even among patients who are homozygous for the most common mutation in CFTR, DF508 [8]. The underlying mechanisms that cause neutrophils to lose their function for pathogen clearance are not well understood; therefore, effective pharmacological approaches are lacking.
Where do we go from here? Reappraising the data on anticoagulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension

The use of anticoagulation as part of the treatment regimen in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a topic of debate. A recently published analysis of anticoagulation use in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) study offers conflicting conclusions regarding the benefit of this therapeutic strategy. There remains no robust randomized trial in PAH weighing the risks versus benefits of including anticoagulation in treatment regimens, leaving clinicians to surmise value in individual patients. Reexamination of available data may help to provide guidance on this controversial topic in the absence of future dedicated investigations.
Three Ozark earthquakes

Abstract This paper continues the discussion of the seismicity of the Middle Mississippi Basin. Seismographic and macroseismic data are presented on three Missouri earthquakes: (1) the Little Saline Creek earthquake, January 15, 1945; (2) the Doniphan, Missouri, earthquake, May 15, 1946; and (3) the Little Black River earthquake, December 1, 1947. Many geological studies have established the existence of three major fault zones in the basement; the Mississippi embayment zone, the Shawneetown-Rough Creek zone, and the Ste. Genevieve zone. The earthquake of January 15, 1945, is additional evidence that the Ste. Genevieve fault zone is seismically active. The other two shocks are not directly associated with the major fault zones. They, together with previous similar minor activity, may be associated with a deep-seated fault system near the physiographic margin of the Ozarks or with deep-seated fractures on the southeastern flank of the uplift.
A partial exponential lumped parameter model to evaluate groundwater age distributions and nitrate trends in long-screened wells.

A partial exponential lumped parameter model (PEM) was derived to determine age distributions and nitrate trends in long-screened production wells. The PEM can simulate age distributions for wells screened over any finite interval of an aquifer that has an exponential distribution of age with depth. The PEM has 3 parameters – the ratio of saturated thickness to the top and bottom of the screen and mean age, but these can be reduced to 1 parameter (mean age) by using well construction information and estimates of the saturated thickness. The PEM was tested with data from 30 production wells in a heterogeneous alluvial fan aquifer in California, USA. Well construction data were used to guide parameterization of a PEM for each well and mean age was calibrated to measured environmental tracer data (3H, 3He, CFC-113, and 14C). Results were compared to age distributions generated for individual wells using advective particle tracking models (PTMs). Age distributions from PTMs were more complex than PEM distributions, but PEMs provided better fits to tracer data, partly because the PTMs did not simulate 14C accurately in wells that captured varying amounts of old groundwater recharged at lower rates prior to groundwater development and irrigation. Nitrate trends were simulated independently of the calibration process and the PEM provided good fits for at least 11 of 24 wells. This work shows that the PEM, and lumped parameter models (LPMs) in general, can often identify critical features of the age distributions in wells that are needed to explain observed tracer data and nonpoint source contaminant trends, even in systems where aquifer heterogeneity and water-use complicate distributions of age. While accurate PTMs are preferable for understanding and predicting aquifer-scale responses to water use and contaminant transport, LPMs can be sensitive to local conditions near individual wells that may be inaccurately represented or missing in an aquifer-scale flow model.
Effect of Sham Feeding on Gastric Emptying

We studied the effect of vagal stimulation by sham feeding on gastric emptying in normal human subjects. When a saline test meal was infused into the stomach, simultaneous sham feeding did not alter the emptying of a nonabsorbable marker added to the meal or the volume of fluid emptied from the stomach. When a homogenized steak meal was infused, sham feeding caused a slight acceleration of emptying (47 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 2% marker recovered from the stomach 45 min after the meal, P
Epithelium-dependent contraction of airway smooth muscle caused by eosinophil MBP.

We have identified two distinct functions of the epithelium of guinea pig airways that modulate airway smooth muscle contractility in the presence of the major basic protein (MBP) of human eosinoph...
Individualized surgical management of complete atrioventricular canal.

In a 5 year interval 46 children with complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) required 51 operations. Thirty-two children underwent correction; nine-received surgical palliation. The ages of the children undergoing correction ranged from 4 months to 14.6 years (mean 4.2 years); eight were less than 1 year old. Weights ranged from 4.1 kg to 39 kg (mean 13.5 kg); 15 weighed less than 10 kg. Ten had undergone previous palliation (seven by pulmonary artery band; three by shunt). There were no early deaths and two late deaths. One infant required mitral replacement at correction; two required subsequent mitral replacement. The ages of the children undergoing palliation ranged from 8 days to 1.34 years (mean 5.8 months); 16 were less than 1 year old. Weights ranged from 2.5 kg to 8.5 kg (mean 4.4 kg); 14 weighed less than 5 kg. Operations included pulmonary artery banding in 14, shunt creation in four, and pericardial enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract in one. One death occurred 5 days after pulmonary artery banding in an infant with unrecognized coarctation. One late death occurred several months after the creation of a second shunt in a child with severe tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries. Forty-two (91%) of these children were alive at the time of this review. The outcome in these 46 patients supports individualized choice of initial operation (palliation versus correction) based upon clinical condition, weight, and associated anomalies. The pulmonary artery is banded in infants less than 4 to 5 kg; larger infants and children undergo correction primarily.
Capitalizing Religion: a rejoinder to critique

My motivation for writing Capitalizing Religion was in part deeply personal; as I discuss in the introduction, I was attempting to come to terms with my father’s death. However, I was equally motiv...
Fantasies and melodramas in television network news: The case of Three Mile Island

Television news is a form of storytelling. The logic of the medium impels it to use melodramatic formulas as elements of news stories. Each melodrama constitutes a fantasy played with by audiences. A key question is what type of melodramatic fantasies network news offers. Network coverage of the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island, 1979, displayed marked differences between networks in melodramatic coverage. Four major rhetorical traditions emerged: popular sensationalist (emphasized by ABC News), informative (that of CBS News), didactic and feature stories (the last two characteristic of NBC News). The rhetorical vision implicit in each network's melodramatic coverage resulted in fantasies of subversion (ABC), affirmation (NBC), and reaffirmation (CBS).
Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Skim, Whole and Chocolate Milk, and in Whipping Cream during Incubation at 4, 8, 13, 21 and 35°C

Autoclaved samples of skim, whole, and chocolate milk and of whipping cream were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (one to four strains were tested individually, depending on the experiment) and incubated at 4, 8, 13, 21 or 35°C. Growth curves were then derived and generation times and maximum populations calculated for each combination of strain, product, and temperature. The growth rate of L. monocytogenes was similar in all four products at a given incubation temperature and increased with an increase in temperature. Doubling times over all products and strains were 41 min (35°C), 1 h 43 min-1 h 55 min (21°C), 4 h 27 min-6 h 55 min (13°C), 8 h 40 min-14 h 33 min (8°C), and 29 h 44 min-45 h 33 min (4°C). In each instance, maximum populations reached were at least 107 cells/ml, with highest numbers consistently produced in chocolate milk (at least 10 times greater than in skim or whole milk or cream at any temperature). Little decrease in final numbers occurred with extended storage at the incubation temperature being studied. All results were analyzed statistically to determine magnitude and source of variation. Observed differences in data resulted from interactive effects between strain, product, and temperature. Therefore, no single factor can be considered as the sole cause of a particular finding. That L. monocytogenes can attain such high populations at low temperatures should be of concern. Since refrigerated storage is no guarantee of protection against growth of L. monocytogenes , every precaution should be taken to prevent contamination of certain foods by this organism.
Sprawl and Smart Growth

During the twentieth century, automobile use shifted urban development from the center to the outer fringes of the cities. American zoning laws prohibited the mixing of land uses—residential, commercial, and industrial—leading to low-density, separate housing and retail; this separation pushed cities to sprawl outward. By the 1990s, planners began to experiment with a New Urbanism that mixes residential and commercial spaces and promotes mass transit use. They argue that rather than slowing or stopping urban growth, they can use this New Urbanism for Smart Growth—a potential win-win for residents, the building industry, communities, and the environment. The chapter traces the history of urban development in the USA after the Second World War.
Healthy Start: Lessons Learned on Interconception Care

The Federal Healthy Start program was started in 1991 to address the factors that contribute to the Nation's high infant mortality rate, particularly among populations with disproportionately high rates of adverse perinatal health outcomes. The goals of Healthy Start are to reduce disparities in access to and utilization of health services by using a lifespan approach, improving the local health care system, and increasing consumer and community input into health care decisions. In 2007, Healthy Start served 99 communities in 38 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Most Healthy Start grantees are nonprofit organizations. Since 2005, all 97 Healthy Start grantees (and the 2 additional grantees funded in 2007) have been required to include an interconception care component. Three quarters of grantees enrolled the majority of their interconception clients during the prenatal period. Most grantees used care coordination and case management as the primary approach to improving interconception health care. In 2007, 93 interconception projects reported that 9 out of 10 women had an ongoing source of primary care. Grantees screened to detect health conditions and risks, as well as provided an opportunity to provide vital information to women about their risks for chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The Healthy Start interconception components demonstrate a critical need for and the potential impact of a strong interconception care program for high-risk populations such as women living in poverty, in medically underserved communities, and without health coverage.
Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Overlap Syndromes

Overlap syndromes have features of different immune-mediated liver diseases. Findings of autoimmune hepatitis may occur in patients with primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis, and patients with primary biliary cholangitis may have features of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Diagnostic criteria have not been codified, but guidelines for diagnosing the overlap syndrome between autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis have been promulgated. Overlap syndromes may respond variably to the conventional treatments for classical disease. Combination therapy with corticosteroids and low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid has been recommended for most patients. Treatment can be individualized and directed to the predominant disease component, and patients may respond to corticosteroids or ursodeoxycholic acid alone. Outcomes are variable and possibly reflect the severity of the cholestatic component. Median graft (10 years) and survival (11 years) after liver transplantation is comparable to results in other immune-mediated liver diseases, but recurrence is more common (53–69 % after 5–10 years).
Cardiac Toxicity Associated with the Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Combination with CHOP (A-CHOP) Chemotherapy for Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL): The ECOG 2404 Trial.

Abstract Abstract 1671 Poster Board I-697 Background Bevacizumab (Avastin), a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), is approved in combination with chemotherapy in lung, colorectal, breast and brain cancers. VEGF-A expression is reported in all lymphoma subtypes, with strongest expression in PTCL. Given the relatively poor prognosis of PTCL with standard therapy, we combined bevacizumab (A) with CHOP in the ECOG 2404 phase II trial. Methods Untreated PTCL pts with a normal baseline cardiac ejection fraction received bevacizumab 15 mg/ kg IV and CHOP chemotherapy on day 1 for 6-8 cycles. Patients (pts) with CR/PR/SD received maintenance therapy with bevacizumab 15 mg/ kg IV q 3 weeks for 4 cycles. Due to the reported 3.7% incidence of cardiac toxicity associated with bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer pt previously exposed to anthracyclines (Avastin package insert), cardiac function was monitored prospectively with ejection fraction (EF) determination at the completion of A-CHOP prior to the start of bevacizumab maintenance. Results Among 33 pts who came off study, toxicity data are available for all and coded using CTCAE Version 3.0. 22 received at least 4 cycles of A-CHOP (median treatment duration 3.6 months ( Conclusions We observed four cases of clinical CHF early after cumulative doxorubicin doses of 300-400 mg/m2 in our study, The incidence of CHF among study patients who received 4 or more A-CHOP cycles is concerning and suggests that bevacizumab may potentiate the adverse cardiac effects of anthracyclines, resulting in clinically significant toxicity. Careful monitoring of cardiac function is warranted in ongoing trials combining bevacizumab and doxorubicin in lymphomas and solid tumors to assess long-term safety and better understand underlying mechanisms and risks. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Impossibility of Liberal Secularism: Religious (In)tolerance, Spirituality, and Not-Religion

This article re-thinks the problem of religious (in)tolerance by analyzing the 2015 deportation of three “Hindu priests” from a Caribbean nation for the practice of obeah. Defined popularly as “witchcraft” or “African tradition,” obeah was first criminalized as the alleged inspiration for the largest slave uprising of the eighteenth century British Caribbean. I argue that the recent deportations in a nation that constitutionally enshrines freedom of conscience foregrounds some of the foundational limits of liberal secularism. I trace a genealogy of liberalism to critique the secular ideal of the “freedom from difference.” I suggest that attempts to invoke “spirituality” as a more inclusive idiom for denigrated forms of “not-religion” such as obeah extend rather than eliminate these limits of liberal secularism. I close by drawing some parallels with anti-Muslim nationalism in the U.S. and suggest some ways of thinking about a trinary formation of religion, not-religion, and secular power in modern nation-states.
Abstract 152: In vitro Modeling of the Pacemaker/working Myocardial Fate Decision by the Shox2-nkx2-5 Antagonistic Mechanism

Our recent studies have identified a Shox2-Nkx2-5 antagonistic mechanism that regulates pacemaker/working myocardial cell fate decision in the developing venous pole in mice, particularly in the junction domain of the sinoatrial node (SAN) and pulmonary vein myocardium where Shox2 and Nkx2-5 are co-expressed. In such regulatory mechanism, the stronger transcription output by Shox2 promotes pacemaker cell fate, while stronger Nkx2-5 output favors working myocardial fate. Interestingly, we also found that a majority of Hcn4-positive cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells co-express Shox2 and Nkx2-5, suggesting that in vitro differentiated pacemaker-like cells also adopt such an antagonistic mechanism to regulate cell fate. To establish an in vitro modeling system to further dissecting the functional importance of the Shox2-Nkx2-5 antagonism and for future in vitro differentiation of pacemaker cells, we established induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines from mice carrying allelic series of Shox2 and Nkx2-5, as well as lineage specific Cre and RosamTmG reporter alleles. These iPS cell lines are being tested to prove the principle that the Shox2-Nkx2-5 antagonistic mechanism also functions in iPS cell-derived cardiomycytes to regulate cell fate, and are being used for lineage tracing of differentiated cardiomycytes. Furthermore, these cell lines could also be applied to modeling human diseases with Nkx2-5 mutations in vitro.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender-Role Dimensions and Relationship Satisfaction

Multilevel meta-analytic techniques were used to examine the overall relationship between self-reported gender-role dimensions (psychological femininity and psychological masculinity) and self-reported relationship satisfaction. Twenty-six studies (43 effect sizes) were included in the femininity-relationship satisfaction meta-analysis, and 26 studies (43 effect sizes) were included in the masculinity-relationship satisfaction meta-analysis. Femininity revealed a stronger association with relationship satisfaction than masculinity: there was a medium relationship (r = .28) between femininity and relationship satisfaction and a small relationship (r = .13) between masculinity and relationship satisfaction. Sex/gender was not a moderator in either meta-analysis. Publication biases were not detected. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Arabian Peninsula ethnicity is associated with lower ovarian reserve and ovarian response in women undergoing fresh ICSI cycles.

Recent studies have demonstrated that ethnicity can be an independent determinant of assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. In this context, we investigate whether ART outcomes differ between Arabian Peninsula and Caucasian women. This is a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-embryo transfer (ET) cycles for male factor infertility. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups based on ethnicity—Arabian Peninsula or Caucasian. Ovarian reserve, ovarian response, and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the groups. A sub-analysis was performed between individual Arabian Peninsula nationalities for the same outcomes. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the independent effect of ethnicity on ovarian response. Seven hundred sixty-three patients were included—217 (28.4%) Arabian Peninsula and 546 (71.6%) Caucasian. There was no difference in the mean age of the two groups; however, the former had a higher body mass index (28.5 ± 7.5 vs. 23.3 ± 5.7; P < 0.001). Although follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and antral follicle counts (AFC) were within the normal range in both groups, Arabian Peninsula women had higher FSH levels (5.7 ± 2.5 vs. 4.9 ± 2.8; P = 0.001) and lower AFC (13.9 ± 4.7 vs. 16.5 ± 4.3; P < 0.001) when compared to Caucasian women. Women from the Arabian Peninsula also had a statistically lower number of mature oocytes retrieved (15.6 ± 6.8 vs. 14.1 ± 8.4; P = 0.01), despite requiring higher gonadotropin doses. Multiple linear regression reveled that Arabian Peninsula women had 2.5 (95% CI 2.1–3.9) less mature oocytes, even after controlling for confounders. A sub-analysis within the Arab cohort demonstrated that Qatari women had a higher yield of mature oocytes when compared to Emirati, Kuwaiti, and Saudi women. There was no difference in the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth when comparing individual Arabian Peninsula nationalities with each other or to Caucasians. Arabian Peninsula ethnicity is associated with lower ovarian reserve and ovarian response parameters in women undergoing their first ICSI-ET cycle.
Adenoacanthoma of the sigmoid colon: report of a case.

A case of adenoacanthoma of the sigmoid colon is described. Twelve other cases have been reported in the literature. This figure suggests that this histologic tumor differentiation in the colon is rare. The histologic appearance and theories of histogenesis are discussed and the literature reviewed.
Professing Educational Leadership: Caring Ways.

This article focuses on the nature of caring in the university graduate classroom. Its purpose is to show how the ethic of care can be visible and should affect what occurs in administrative prepar...
Topological Defect Behavior in a Quenched Nematic Liquid Crystal

This chapter provides an introduction to coarsening (or phaseordering) dynamics in nematic liquid crystals, the process by which a nematic reaches equilibrium after a quench from the isotropic to the nematic phase. With a rapid quench to the nematic phase a large number of topological defects are formed and dominate the subsequent equilibration process. The equilibration process is characterized by the presence of dynamical scaling of the domain structure and its associated measures, such as the structure factor and order parameter correlation function. To illustrate these general ideas we discuss the results of a molecular dynamics simulation of the Gay Berne model of liquid crystals after such quench in a system with 65536 molecules. Twist disclination lines as well as type-1 lines and monopoles were observed. Evidence of dynamical scaling was found in the behavior of the spatial correlation function and the density of disclination lines. However, the behavior of the structure factor provides a more sensitive measure of scaling, and we observed a crossover from a defect dominated regime at small values of the wavevector to a thermal fluctuation dominated regime at large wavevector.
Risk Perception and Interest in HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men with Rectal Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infection.

Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia infections are associated with significantly increased risk of HIV transmission among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM diagnosed with rectal gonorrhea or chlamydia may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We analyzed HIV risk perception, PrEP interest, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) test results among MSM presenting to a publicly funded STI clinic from 2014 to 2016. A total of 401 MSM were tested for rectal STIs during the study period: 18% were diagnosed with rectal gonorrhea or chlamydia infection. Patients who perceived themselves to be at medium or high risk for HIV were significantly more likely to express interest in PrEP compared to those who reported low or no perceived risk (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.13–3.11; p = .014). However, there was no significant difference in perceived HIV risk between those who were diagnosed with a rectal STI and those who were not. Although rectal STIs are a significant risk factor for HIV infection, MSM diagnosed with a rectal STI did not perceive themselves to be at increased risk for HIV infection, indicating a potential barrier to successful PrEP implementation in this population.
Evaluating different values of effort and reinforcement parameters under concurrent‐ and single‐operant arrangements

If particular parameters (e.g., reinforcer quality) are found to be preferred in a concurrent-operant arrangement, then these should be incorporated into interventions for maintaining skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities. However, because results from a concurrent-operant arrangement may not predict those of a single-operant assessment, interventions with less preferred parameters may also be effective. The purpose of this study was to determine if preference for a particular parameter, determined via concurrent-operant arrangements, predicted responding when two values of highly and less preferred parameters were manipulated in a single-operant arrangement. Participants allocated responding to one parameter over another during concurrent-operant assessments, indicating that certain parameters were highly preferred. However, contingent presentation of two values of less preferred parameters increased compliance to similar levels achieved with two highly preferred parameters in a single-operant arrangement. These findings suggest that clinicians may have multiple options when selecting parameters for use during intervention.
Node-Positive Segmentectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Abstract Background Segmentectomy for well-selected early stage non–small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been shown to have similar oncologic outcomes and survival to lobectomy. However, these data are based on the presumption that the disease is node negative. Few data exist regarding the risk factors for and the outcomes of patients with disease treated with segmentectomy that is found to be node positive. We sought to determine the risk factors for and outcomes of clinical stage I NSCLC patients who are treated with segmentectomy but are determined to be node positive. Patients and Methods We queried patients with clinical stage I NSCLC ≤ 3 cm within the National Cancer Data Base between 2004 and 2014 who were treated with segmentectomy or lobectomy and found to have positive nodes. Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival (OS) between segmentectomy and lobectomy. For comparison only, segmentectomy patients with pathologically node-negative disease were identified to determine predictors of node positivity after segmentectomy via multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 4556 patients with node-positive disease were identified, comprising 115 segmentectomy patients and 4441 lobectomy patients. Multivariable analysis identified increasing tumor size, squamous-cell histology, and increasing number lymph nodes sampled as significant predictors of node positivity after segmentectomy. There was no difference in OS between segmentectomy and lobectomy, with 3-year OS rates of 66.3% and 68.1%, respectively (P = .723). Conclusion There are discrete risk factors for discovering positive nodes after segmentectomy. Segmentectomy is associated with similar OS compared to lobectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC found to be node positive.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the uniaxial tensile test of silicon nanowires using the MEAM potential

Abstract The silicon nanowire is a novel nanometer-scale structure which can be used in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. While the plastic deformation and failure mechanisms, including the brittle-to-ductile transition at room temperature, of nanowires have been studied both experimentally and theoretically, the fundamental atomic-scale mechanisms of these behaviors still remain incompletely understood. In this article we study the mechanical and failure behaviors of the [110]-oriented single-crystalline silicon nanowires by performing uniaxial tensile tests using molecular dynamics simulations with three modified embedded-atom-method (MEAM) potentials, referred to as Baskes, Lee, and Lee-modified. The effects of several key parameters such as size, temperature, and strain rate are investigated. A preliminary examination of the three MEAM potentials reveals that Lee and Lee-modified models outperform Baskes model in predicting the thermal expansion coefficient and surface energies. The uniaxial tensile simulations show that some mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus and tensile strength exhibit size-dependence while there is little size-effect on the failure strain. A novel parameter named the ductile failure probability is introduced to quantify the failure behavior of the nanowire during the tensile test, which scales from 0 for the pure brittle to 1 for the pure ductile mode failure. Overall, the ductile failure probability increases with decreasing size and increasing temperature in all of the three models. The Baskes nanowires exhibit the most ductile failures among the three models whereas most Lee-modified nanowires fail through fractures on the (111) plane. The Lee model shows some intermediate levels of ductile failure behavior. The difference due to the strain rate is very small, but overall nanowires become slightly more brittle as the strain rate decreases.
Power threats and radical healing in Black youths’ leisure

Using racial threat theory, the present commentary argues that Black youth have been historically and are presently treated as a threat in leisure settings. The acknowledgment that leisure settings...
Embedded Design: Engaging Students as Active Participants in the Learning of Human-Centered Design Practices.

ABSTRACTBackground and Context: in this paper, we argue that integrating Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) into K-12 computing education can present learners with opportunities to develop human-cent...