cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis for substituted benzoic and cinnamic acids using high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Abstract A high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique for separating the 11 most common substituted benzoic and cinnamic acids occurring naturally in plants, and both parent acids, has been developed. Separation was by reversephase adsorption chromatography, based upon differential polarity of the investigated compounds. True polar mobility was obtained by the addition of ammonium acetate to inhibit intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the phenolic hydroxy groups. Optimum separation was obtained using a combination of isocratic and linear gradient elution. The HPLC technique offers excellent resolution, reproducibility, and an analysis time of 25 min. When coupled with a computing integrator, divergence from expected relative peak areas was less than 2% for all but four of the investigated compounds.
The effect of electrode kinetics on electrophoretic forces

Electric fields are commonly used to deposit colloidal particles on electrode surfaces and can even be used in directed assembly. The electric field beneath each particle changes as the particle approaches the wall; the proximity of the wall breaks the fore/aft symmetry and drives complicated flows that exert forces on the particle. While two limiting cases have been partially analyzed, constant electrode potential and uniform current density, the full problem has not been explored. Here, the electroosmotic flows in the region between the particle and the electrode are analyzed and the forces are computed for arbitrary electrode kinetic boundary conditions. Finite element analysis is employed to explore the effect of the current distribution beneath a particle on the net force acting on it. Previously established dimensionless kinetic parameters are used to scale between the two limiting cases. The forces on particles are an order of magnitude larger than the bulk electrophoretic force and are profoundly sensitive to the current distribution beneath the particle as it approaches the electrode.
Acid‐base and electrolyte effects of shortening steeplechase in a Three‐day‐event

This study was designed to characterise the acid-base and electrolyte effects of shortening the distance required during steeplechase (Phase B) in the face of hot and humid weather conditions during a treadmill-simulated Speed and Endurance test. Eight conditioned Thoroughbred horses underwent 3 randomised permutations of a standardised exercise test on a high speed treadmill. Each test consisted of trotting at 3.7 m/s for 10 min (Phase A); galloping at 11 m/s (Phase B) for 4 (cool laboratory conditions), 3 (hot and humid), or 2 (hot and humid) min; trotting at 3.7 m/s for 30 min (Phase C); and walking at 1.8 m/s for 10 min (Phase X). The treadmill slope was 4% for trotting and galloping and 0% for walking. Cool versus hot and humid conditions were 20 degrees C and 50-60% relative humidity vs. 26-28 degrees C and 80-85% relative humidity, respectively. Pulmonary artery blood samples were obtained at rest prior to exercise (Rest); at the end of Phases A (A10) and B (B2-4); at 10 (C10), 20 (C20) and 30 (C30) min through Phase C; and at 5 min into Phase X (X5). Additional samples for lactate (LA) and glucose (GLC) analysis were obtained 5 min into Phase C (C5) and at the end of Phase X (X10). Samples were analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB), total plasma protein (TP), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), anion gap (AG), plasma glucose (GLC) and lactate (LA), pH, PCO2, bicarbonate (HCO3) and base excess (BE). Shortening steeplechase distance by 50% under hot and humid conditions (2 min B) resulted in a consistent return to control measurements (4 min B) only for plasma LA. Changes in PCV, HB, TP, K and Cl were related more to the longer galloping distance in the 4 min B trials than to hot vs. cold laboratory conditions. Alternatively, changes in LA, GLC, pH, PCO2 and AG were more related to hot and humid laboratory conditions than they were to galloping distance. These latter variables, when combined with physical measures such as core temperature, bodyweight loss, point of fatigue on Phase C and recovery heart rates may serve as the best monitors of positive responses in future studies of proposed modifications to Phase C, rather than those variables which were more distance than weather-related.
A new class of invariance transformations in classical Hamiltonian particle dynamics

Abstract The relation between Hamiltonian dynamics and the representation of relativity groups is explored. The implications of relativitic invariance are first explored for classical particle systems. The relation to representations of the relativity transformations is then considered, in particular showing that the preservation of canonical Poisson bracket relations (the analog to canonical commutation relations) is a strong additional requirement on some types of relativity transformations (like the Lorentz rotation). In this discussion, a system is said to be relativistically invariant if a solution to the second order equation of the position transforms into a solution to an equation of motion of the same functional form. The formalism is developed from a Hamiltonian point of view, and in a form which is analogous to the equivalent quantum theory. For a concrete illustration of the discussion, the representation of dilation for simple harmonic motion is developed.
Body weight in early adulthood, adult weight gain, and risk of endometrial cancer in women not using postmenopausal hormones.

High body mass index (BMI) measured in middle age or later is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. However, whether BMI measured in early adulthood and adult weight change are associated with endometrial cancer risk is less clear, particularly among nonusers of postmenopausal hormones (PMH). These associations were investigated among women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Women taking PMH (n = 11,624, 12 % of all women) were excluded, and the analysis was limited to 33,057 postmenopausal women who did not take PMH. Between enrollment in 1992/1993 and 30 June 2009, 447 women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard rate ratios (RR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the association of BMI at age 18, calculated from recalled weight, and weight change between age 18 and 1992, with endometrial cancer incidence. BMI at age 18 was associated with higher risk of endometrial cancer in multivariable models adjusted for other risk factors (RR 1.29, 95 % CI 1.12–1.49 per 5 BMI units). Similarly, adult weight change was associated with higher risk of endometrial cancer (RR 1.81, 95 % CI 1.66–1.98 per 5 BMI unit change) in multivariable models adjusted for other risk factors. High BMI at age 18 and greater adult weight gain were strongly associated with risk of endometrial cancer. These results underscore the importance of both avoiding overweight/obesity in young adulthood and preventing weight gain thereafter to minimize risk of this cancer.
Real-time lens distortion correction using texture mapping

Optical lens systems suffer from non-linear radial distortion. Applications such as computer vision and medical imaging require distortion compensation for the accurate location, registration and measurement of image features. While in many applications distortion correction may be applied offline, a real-time capability is desirable for systems that interact with the environment or with a user in real time. The construction of a triangle mesh combined with distortion compensation of the mesh nodes results in a pair of static node co-ordinate sets, which a texture-mapping graphics accelerator can use along with the dynamic distorted image to render high-quality distortion-corrected images at video framerates. Mesh generation, an error analysis, and performance results are presented. The polar-based method proposed in this paper is shown to have both more accuracy than a conventional grid-based approach and greater speed than the traditional method of using the CPU to transform each pixel individually.
Priority-Based Congestion Control Algorithm for Cross-Traffic Assistance on LTE Networks

As the availability of LTE grows, the support of LTE to vehicular safety applications has been studied in recent years. One problem that was studied is the capability of beacon delivery. Due to the limited bandwidth, it is possible that not all vehicles can be served at the same time. A prioritization scheme should be used to satisfy the needs of applications. In this paper, we proposed a priority-based congestion control algorithm for cross-traffic assistance on LTE networks. All UEs are prioritized based on criteria such as distance to an intersection or arrival time to an intersection. If the load of the cell reaches the limit, low priority users will be disconnected in order to serve high priority users. Simulations show that the priority scheme can serve the needs of cross-traffic assistance service.
The axiom of choice and almost continuity

Abstract F.B. Jones used the Axiom of Choice to define a real valued function of one variable, whose graph intersects every closed subset of the plane that projects onto an uncountable set in the first coordinate [11]. More recently it has been shown that such a function is almost continuous [12]. We use this function to construct a connected space with a dispersion point. And we show that Jones' construction is of central importance in the theory of noncontinuous retractions, which preserve the fixed point property. In particular, we use Jones' construction to characterize the absolute quasi retracts.
Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders: advances in diagnosis, prevention and management in children.

Abstract With improving operative and postoperative survival after pediatric thoracic transplantation, attention has appropriately begun to focus on complications of long-term immunosuppression. One important complication is post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. Much has been learnt about this spectrum of disorders over the last 15 years, including the pivotal role of primary Epstein–Barr virus infection in the etiology of most cases. Despite these advances, nomenclature remains confusing for the clinician, prediction of outcome is imprecise and treatment strategies are poorly defined. Indeed, no treatments have been subjected to comparative prospective clinical trials. Only recently has attention focussed on strategies for prevention. This article will review the current state of knowledge of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders, with emphasis on recent advances in diagnosis, prevention and management.
A radiological approach to the diagnosis of small bowel disease.

Examination of the small bowel has become more accurate due to the introduction in the past 20 years of non flocculable barium which gives better delineation of the bowel wall and increases the speed of examination. In this article, a review of small bowel abnormalities has been compiled from a radiological view point rather than the more usual method of dealing with them in the context of diseases which involve the small bowel. The most important radiological features in the study of the small bowel are abnormalities of luminal calibre, which must persist from one examination to the next to be significant, dilution of the barium by excess secretions, changes in the mucosal fold pattern with either increase in the fold thickness or change in the general pattern, and the presence of nodules or ulcers in the wall. The radiological appearances of the fistulae, diverticula, gas in the bowel wall and mesenteric changes are also discussed.
Long wavelength oscillations of a quantum plasma in a uniform magnetic field. II

Abstract The self-sustained oscillations of a quantum mechanical electron gas in a uniform magnetic field are discussed in the time-dependent Hartree approximation, or random phase approximation. The full electromagnetic interaction between electrons is taken into account, and spin effects are included. The resulting dispersion relation reduces to the Appleton-Hartree equation of classical magnetohydrodynamics in the limit of long wavelengths. It is found that this classical equation holds even for a highly degenerate electron gas or for magnetic fields so strong that only a few Landau oscillator levels are appreciably occupied. The validity of long wavelength expansions is discussed for the various normal modes, particular attention being given to the low frequency transverse mode, a particular case of which is the helicon or whistler. It is also shown that the normal modes with appreciable longitudinal currents are correctly described over a wide range of wavelengths by the electrostatic approximation, in which only Coulomb forces between electrons are retained.
DIVERS' DETERGENTS ARE DIFFERENT

![Figure][1] As anyone who has ever blown bubbles as or with a child knows, if you stop blowing before the sphere is complete, it collapses and disappears. The gas exchange surfaces of our lungs, the alveoli, are also highly curved, thin-walled, moist membranes that are open to the atmosphere
Uniqueness Matters: LCSH and Keywords in the Library Catalog's ETD Records.

This study concerns the overlap between author-supplied keywords and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) bibliographic records in the library catalog. The article provides a discussion on uniqueness, matching, and complementariness based on a replication of Strader's methodology and rubric from a 2009 article. Findings support most of Strader's conclusions, including the complementary nature of keywords and controlled vocabularies. Both keywords and LCSH provide unique terms that enhance access. Researchers also broke new ground regarding partial matching, particularly within LCSH. The fact that uniqueness matters has implications for the continued use of LCSH, for LCSH maintenance, and for further research.
IA-32 Processor with a Wide-Voltage-Operating Range in 32-nm CMOS

Designing a microprocessor that's efficient across a wide-voltage-operating range requires overcoming a variety of microarchitecture and circuit design challenges. In this article, the authors demonstrate their IA-32 processor, which is built in 32-nm CMOS technology, which can operate efficiently between 280 mV and 1.2 V. They also discuss some of the circuit and methodology challenges that they overcame.
Breeding for CLEARFIELD Herbicide Tolerance: Registration of ‘ND901CL’ Spring Wheat

ND901CL' (Reg. No. CV-1029, PI 655233) hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES). ND901CL was released in 2008 primarily for its tolerance to imadazolinone herbicides. It has superior adaptation to rainfed wheat production in western regions of North Dakota and counties in adjacent states. It is a CLEARFIELD-tolerant wheat intended to be used with Beyond herbicide (active ingredient imazamox, 2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5- oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC). The tolerance to CLEARFIELD herbicide in ND901CL is controlled by two genes. The als1 locus for acetolactate synthase, is located on the D genome and was transferred from 'FS4' wheat. The als2 locus is located on the B genome and originated from 'Teal 11A' wheat. ND901CL was derived from the Teal 11A/3/'Grandin' (PI 531005)/FS4//*3 'Kulm' cross made at NDSU in 2002. Grandin and Kulm are two HRSW cultivars released by NDAES in 1989 and 1994, respectively. Both FS4 and Teal 11A were provided by the BASF Corporation to our breeding program. ND901CL was produced from a bulk of one purifi ed F 4:5 plot selected in 2004 at Christchurch, New Zealand. ND901CL was released because it combines high yield with good end-use quality and tolerance to BEYOND herbicide.
Pain Management After Total Joint Arthroplasty

Pain management following total joint arthroplasty continues to be a growing area of interest as surgical techniques and instrumentation improve and allow for potentially more rapid recovery time. A variety of peri/post-operative pain management protocols are used by arthroplasty surgeons and anesthesiologists with little consensus. However, it is clear that uncontrolled postoperative pain may result in significant morbidity – including delayed mobilization, poor surgical outcomes, and prolonged hospitalization. In this article the systemic administration of narcotics, neuraxial anesthesia, peripheral nerve blockade, intra-articular analgesia, and non-opioid oral analgesics for use in the total joint arthroplasty population are reviewed.
Parameter optimization for automated concrete detection in image data

Several research studies have been recently initiated to investigate the use of construction site images for automated infrastructure inspection, progress monitoring, etc. In these studies, it is always necessary to extract material regions (concrete or steel) from the images. Existing methods made use of material's special color/texture ranges for material information retrieval, but they do not sufficiently discuss how to find these appropriate color/texture ranges. As a result, users have to define appropriate ones by themselves, which is difficult for those who do not have enough image processing background. This paper presents a novel method of identifying concrete material regions using machine learning techniques. Under the method, each construction site image is first divided into regions through image segmentation. Then, the visual features of each region are calculated and classified with a pre-trained classifier. The output value determines whether the region is composed of concrete or not. The method was implemented using C++ and tested over hundreds of construction site images. The results were compared with the manual classification ones to indicate the method's validity.
Reviving Whorf: The Return of Linguistic Relativity

The idea that natural languages shape the way we think in different ways was popularized by Benjamin Whorf, but then fell out of favor for lack of empirical support. But now, a new wave of research has been shifting the tide back toward linguistic relativity. The recent research can be interpreted in different ways, some trivial, some implausibly radical, and some both plausible and interesting. We introduce two theses that would have important implications if true: Habitual Whorfianism and Ontological Whorfianism. We argue that these offer the most promising interpretations of the emerging evidence.
A comparison of tibial artery bypass performed with heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and great saphenous vein to treat critical limb ischemia.

Background Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) bonded with heparin (HePTFE) has been reported to perform equivalent to saphenous vein graft (SVG) for below-knee bypass. This series examines outcomes for tibial artery bypass using HePTFE and SVG over a contemporaneous time period. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted for 112 tibial bypasses (62 HePTFE, 50 SVG) performed from November 2006 to January 2009. Demographics for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease were similar. Indications for revascularization were also similar: disabling claudication, 9%; rest pain, 25%; and tissue loss, 66%. The HePTFE group included more reoperative procedures (45% vs 26%). All HePTFE bypasses were performed using an autologous vein patch at the distal anastomosis. Postoperative graft surveillance by pulse examination, ankle-brachial index, and duplex ultrasound imaging occurred at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 12 months. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis evaluated results in patients with no missing variables. Results HePTFE and SVG bypasses demonstrated no significant differences in target tibial artery distribution: anterior tibial (15 vs 17), dorsalis pedis (4 vs 5), posterior tibial (22 vs 16), and peroneal (21 vs 12). Graft occlusion occurred in 19 patients (16.9%) during follow-up. Primary patency at 1 year was 75.4% for HePTFE and 86.0% for SVG. There was no significant difference in primary patency due to sex (male, 78%; female, 84%), race (white, 82%; African American, 77%), or diabetes mellitus (no diabetes mellitus, 84%; diabetes mellitus, 76%). End-stage renal disease resulted in decreased patency (57%), with an eightfold reduction (95% confidence interval, 1.8%-39.8%; P = .006). SVG patients had a lower risk of occlusion/death (95% confidence interval, 14.2%-94.5%; P > .05). Sixteen amputations were performed, with no significant difference based on conduit. Conclusions This experience indicates a trend for single-segment quality saphenous vein to remain the conduit of choice for tibial artery bypass compared with HePTFE. Factors relevant to decreased 1-year patency for the entire cohort were end-stage renal disease and nonhealing ulceration as the indication for revascularization. Although relatively short-term, these results do support HePTFE as a viable alternative conduit for patients with absent or poor quality saphenous vein who need a tibial bypass.
Polymethionyl,-valyl and-glycyl derivatives of equine heart cytochromec heme octapeptide

Polymethionyl ((Met)5·3-H8PT), polyvalyl ((Val)4·4-H8PT) and polyglycyl ((Gly)3·2-H8PT) derivatives of the heme octapeptide of equine heart cytochrome c were prepared with the aid of the N-carboxyl anhydrides of their respective amino acids. Only for the (Met)5·3-H8PT did the γ-peak in the absorption spectrum of the reduced form shift from 412.5 nm, the value for the unsubstituted octapeptide, to 414 nm, the value close to the γ-peak of intact ferrocytochrome c. The γ-peak of the oxidized form of the octapeptide did not shift significantly from 397 nm. Amino acids attached to the N-terminal cysteine of the octapeptide, with methionine excepted, have little or no effect on the spectrum, and apparently cannot serve as either an intramolecular or intermolecular ligand for the iron. This result is in marked contrast to those previously obtained with the substituted cytochrome c heme undecapeptide (ref. 8) where all three derivatives had altered spectra. For the octapeptide, the ratio, absorbance of the γ-peak of the oxidized form to absorbance of the γ-peak of the reduced form, did not change appreciably for any of the derivatives, although when the reaction products from excess methionine anhydride were present (before centrifugation and dialysis) the ratio was lower and approached the ratio for cytochrome c.
Fourier Transform Infrared Studies of Polymeric Materials

Abstract The recent introduction of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers that are operable over the entire IR frequency range has revitalized the field of IR spectroscopy. IR studies of complex polymeric materials that were impossible, or at least extremely difficult using conventional dispersive spectrometers, are now readily accomplished. In this review of the application of FTIR to the study of polymeric materials, we initially present a brief critical comparison of the FTIR and dispersive spectrometers followed by a discussion of the results that have been published to date.
ROLE OF A DUCTILE DECOLLEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULL-APART BASINS : EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND NATURAL EXAMPLES

Abstract Traditional models describe pull-apart basins as graben or half-graben basins with normal or normal-oblique slip master faults, analogous to Death Valley, California. Yet many pull-aparts are characterized by asymmetric basins with strike-slip master faults indicating that not all pull-apart basins conform to the simple Death Valley models. We present analogue modelling results that show developmental sequences and structural styles of pull-aparts are dramatically different when overburden rides over a ductile horizon, and that thickness of the ductile horizon exerts control on basin development. In our models, synthetic and antithetic strike-slip faults control basin geometries, while localized normal faulting and local oblique slip on strike-slip faults accommodate basin subsidence. Faults evolve from initial strike-slip to normal-oblique and normal dip slip to form a system of either isolated sub-basins in the case of thick ductile layers, or coalescing sub-basins in the case of thin ductile layers. These results demonstrate distinct differences between non-ductile and ductile decollement pull apart structures. Basin boundaries dominated by normal faults suggest a decollement within or at the base of a non-ductile layer similar to Death Valley, California. Basin bounding faults dominated by strike-slip and oblique-slip faults indicate basin formation over a ductile layer, similar to the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba) or Gulf of Paria (Venezuela and Trinidad).
TNFα causes thrombin-dependent vagal neuron apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease

The role of peripheral tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well established, but its central nervous system (CNS) effects are not understood. Thrombin, another mediator of inflammation in IBD, has been implicated in CNS vagal neuron apoptosis in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). This study evaluates DMV TNFα exposure, characterizes effects of TNFα on DMV neurons, and identifies a relationship between DMV TNFα and thrombin in IBD. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was administered via enema to induce colonic inflammation in rats. TNFα in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and DMV tissues were determined by ELISA and DMV TNFα expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). TNFα was administered into the fourth intracerebral ventricle (4 V) adjacent to the DMV, with and without blockade of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and the thrombin receptor proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate microglial activation (Cd11b) and prothrombin presence in DMV sections. Apoptosis was examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) and activated caspase-3 immunofluorescence. IBD is associated with increased TNFα protein in serum, CSF, and DMV tissue; DMV TNFα transcription is also increased. TNFα (4 V) caused a 54 % increase in microglial activation, a 27 % increase in DMV prothrombin protein, and a 31 % increase in vagal neuron apoptosis by TUNEL. There was a 52 % increase in activated caspase-3 immunofluorescence in TNFα-treated animals (p < 0.05). All effects of 4 V TNFα were prevented by TNFR1 blockade. TNFα-induced apoptosis was prevented by PAR1 blockade. IBD is associated with DMV exposure to TNFα, causing excess DMV prothrombin and vagal apoptosis.
Gaze controls cooperating through prediction

Abstract Animate vision systems, biological or robotic, employ gaze control systems to acquire and stabilize objects on their retinae, and in some animals to foveate (centre) objects. Our goal is to guild robust gaze control behaviour from cooperating lower-level visual reflexes. Predictive control strategies can cope with time delayed, multi-rate and interacting controls. Solutions are explored through simulation incorporating ten primitive gaze control capabilities, more or less comparable to subsystems in primate gaze and head control. Versions of several of the subsystems have been implemented on a binocular robot. Smith prediction is the basic control strategy, using kinematic simulation of agent and optimal filtering to predict world state.
Mechanics of Optic Cup Invagination in the Embryonic Chick Eye

Invagination of epithelia is an essential morphogenetic process that occurs in early eye development. The mechanics of the tissue forces necessary for eye invagination are not yet understood [1]. The eyes begin as two optic vesicles that grow outwards from the forebrain and adhere to the surface ectoderm. At this point of contact, both the surface ectoderm and optic vesicle thicken, forming the lens placode and retinal placode, respectively. The two placodes then bend inward to create the lens vesicle and bilayered optic cup (OC) [1, 2].Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Low-Power Negative Inductance Integrated Circuits for GHz Applications

A negative impedance converter (NIC) design is proposed to obtain a negative inductance of $L=-1\ {\rm nH}$ operating from 0.1 to 6 GHz. The design is based on Linvill's open circuit stable topology, and it is implemented by 65 nm CMOS process to achieve a low power negative inductance integrated circuit. The NIC circuit is attached to a 1.2 V dc power supply and consumes 5 mW of power. The simulation and theoretical results are compared with the measurement, and good agreements are obtained.
Solution of the Poisson equation by differential quadrature

The method of differential quadrature is demonstrated by solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation. The results for three test problems are compared with the exact analytical solutions and the numerical solutions obtained by others for the Galerkin, the control-volume and the five-point finite difference methods. The method of differential quadrature leads to more accurate results for comparable levels of computational effort.
An RGD Containing peptide from HIV-1 TAT-(65–80) modulates protooncogene expression in human bronchoalveolar carcinoma cell line, A549

Tat (transactivator of transcription) is essential for HIV-1 replication in vivo and in vitro. Tat-(65-80), an RGD containing domain, has been shown to regulate proliferative function of a variety of cell lines, including a human adenocarcinoma cell line, A549. The exact cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these effects are mediated, remain unknown. To evaluate the hypothesis that Tat-(65-80) modulates the expression of immediate early genes (IEG) c-jun, c-myc, c-fos and the tumor suppressor gene p53, serum starved A549 cells were incubated with Tat-(65-80) or heat-inactivated Tat-(65-80) at 10 ng/ml. Total cellular RNA was isolated from the cells at various time points (0-24 hours). In each case, 5 micrograms of RNA was reverse transcribed in 20 microliters of reaction volume. Equal amounts of cDNA were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by electrophoresis. The photographic negatives of the ethidium bromide stained gels were quantitated by densitometric scanning and normalized to corresponding beta-actin PCR products. Treatment with Tat-(65-80) showed a twofold induction of c-jun at 0.5 h. Peak expression occurred at 60 minutes and remained above baseline at 24 hours (h). c-myc was increased at 0.5 h, reached a twofold increase at 2 h and remained above baseline at 24 h. c-fos increased seven fold at 0.5 h and declined subsequently to baseline at 8 h. p-53 gene was reduced fivefold at 0.5 h and remained downregulated thereafter. These results show that Tat-(65-80) can modulate growth related genes in human lung epithelial cells.
Current versus voltage measurements on GaAs doping superlattices

We report results of current versus voltage measurements on GaAs doping superlattices with current flow parallel to the superlattice symmetry axis, i.e., perpendicular to the layers. The material was grown by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and characterized by excitation intensity‐dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy. The luminescence results show the superlattices to be of high quality. Four samples with nominally identical doping densities and layer thicknesses but different total numbers of superlattice periods were investigated. The electrical measurements demonstrate the strong dependence of the current on the number of superlattice periods. Our results agree semi‐quantitatively with a simple model which attributes the current to thermionic emission over the multiple built‐in space‐charge potential barriers.
Changes in incubation sharing in one pair of captive California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)

Three years of behavioral data were collected on incubation behavior in one pair of captive condors (Gymnogyps californianus) at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Data were collected from daily video tape reviews of the nest box. The amount of time each bird was in the nest box, and whether it was on or off the egg were recorded, along with any aggressive interactions observed in the nest. For the first 2 years, the female incubated the egg(s) significantly more than the male. During the third year, the male increased his incubation time on the egg, resulting in no difference between the two sexes in incubation time. Changes in male incubation behavior may be a result of several factors: increased compatibility between the pair, social maturation, and/or increased dominance on the part of the male. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 5445: Polyphenolic phytochemical curcumin suppresses HER-2 protein phosphorylation and gene expression in breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the major pigment ingredient of turmeric, a plant native to South Asia, belonging to ginger family. Turmeric is used in Oriental cuisine and is believed to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. Curcumin has apoptotic activity against different types of cancer, including colon cancer, stomach and skin tumors, breast cancer and prostate cancer, and has been the subject of several clinical studies. Curcumin disrupts different stages of carcinogenesis, including cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis in preclinical models. In order to understand the mechanism of action of curcumin in HER-2 positive breast cancer, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of curcumin on SK-BR-3, an HER-2 positive human breast cancer cell line. Curcumin inhibited the growth of SK-BR-3 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 5 ± 1 µg. A significant 80% cells underwent apoptosis in the presence of 25 µM curcumin at the 24 hour of treatment, as determined by APO-BRDU assay. At 25 µM concentration, curcumin suppressed the expression of HER-2 gene by a significant 70% (P ≤ 0.005, compared to untreated control) at 24 hours of treatment, as measured by real-time qPCR assay. In addition, curcumin suppressed the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and cyclin E by 30 to 70%. In contrast, 10, 25 and 50 µM concentrations of curcumin increased the expression of p21 by 4-, 3-, and 2-fold, respectively, at 16 hours of treatment. Comparable increase in p21 level was evident at 24 hours of treatment also. Curcumin arrested cells in the G2/M phase (38 ± 3% compared to 22 ± 2 % control at the same time point; P < 0.001; n = 3). Curcumin suppressed HER-2 phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism of action. Pre-treatment of cells with an anti-oxidant, glutathione partially reversed apoptosis induced by curcumin, and restored HER-2 and cyclin D1 protein levels. These results suggest the involvement of redox pathway also in the action of curcumin. Taken together, our data indicate multiple pathways in the mechanism of action of curcumin in HER-2 positive breast cancer cells, and suggest possible preventive strategies with this natural plant product. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5445. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5445
Hazard vulnerability assessment: How well does nature follow our rules?

Vulnerability is a central construct in environmental risk assessment, and a variety of methods have been introduced to facilitate its expression as a planning and decision-making device. The contrasting interpretations generated by these methods of modelling produce dramatic differences in spatial representation that contribute to uncertainty, and no clear connection has been established between vulnerability and the actual consequences resulting from a nature hazard event. In this study, geographic information system-based vulnerability modelling is evaluated, and the association between modelled-produced expressions and the aftermath impact of a natural hazard event on the human landscape is examined. Employing hurricane aftermath data from the 2005 Hurricane Katrina event in New Orleans, Louisiana, this study presents a comparative analysis that can assist in the validation of vulnerability assessment methods and identify limitations in current modelling strategies. The results of this analysis demons...
Partner violence and health among HIV-infected jail detainees.

Purpose – Little is known about the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) with specific HIV-treatment outcomes, especially among criminal justice (CJ) populations who are disproportionately affected by IPV, HIV, mental, and substance use disorders (SUDs) and are at high risk of poor post-release continuity of care. Design/methodology/approach – Mixed methods were used to describe the prevalence, severity, and correlates of lifetime IPV exposure among HIV-infected jail detainees enrolled in a novel jail-release demonstration project in Connecticut. Additionally, the effect of IPV on HIV treatment outcomes and longitudinal healthcare utilization was examined. Findings – Structured baseline surveys defined 49 percent of 84 participants as having significant IPV exposure, which was associated with female gender, longer duration since HIV diagnosis, suicidal ideation, having higher alcohol use severity, having experienced other forms of childhood and adulthood abuse, and homo/bisexual orientation. IPV...
Sediment and soil organic matter source assessment as revealed by the molecular distribution and carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes

Abstract The assessment of organic matter (OM) sources in sediments and soils is a key to better understand the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in aquatic environments. While traditional molecular marker-based methods have provided such information for typical two end member (allochthonous/terrestrial vs. autochthonous/microbial)-dominated systems, more detailed, biomass-specific assessments are needed for ecosystems with complex OM inputs such as tropical and sub-tropical wetlands and estuaries where aquatic macrophytes and macroalgae may play an important role as OM sources. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of a combined approach using compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis and an n-alkane based proxy (Paq) to differentiate submerged and emergent/terrestrial vegetation OM inputs to soils/sediments from a sub-tropical wetland and estuarine system, the Florida Coastal Everglades. Results show that Paq values (0.13–0.51) for the emergent/terrestrial plants were generally lower than those for freshwater/marine submerged vegetation (0.45–1.00) and that compound specific δ13C values for the n-alkanes (C23 to C31) were distinctively different for terrestrial/emergent and freshwater/marine submerged plants. While crossplots of the Paq and n-alkane stable isotope values for the C23 n-alkane suggest that OM inputs are controlled by vegetation changes along the freshwater to marine transect, further resolution regarding OM input changes along this landscape was obtained through principal component analysis (PCA), successfully grouping the study sites according to the OM source strengths. The data show the potential for this n-alkane based multi-proxy approach as a means of assessing OM inputs to complex ecosystems.
Territoriality and Citizenship

Governments are territorial, and the future of this nation's cities depends on there being enough of their inhabitants with a strong commitment to ensuring that they have a future. Among those who have such an interest are the cities' employees. Their role in city government is more than that of passive instruments merely carrying out the will of political superiors. City survival depends on a city's overall capacity to attract and hold the kind of people who, if they are territorially attached, will undertake what is necessary to enable the city to renew its economy.
The Effect of Values Affirmation on Psychological Stress

There is growing evidence for the efficacy of acceptance-based behavioral therapies, which aim to increase acceptance of internal experiences and values-consistent action. Further, experimental studies have demonstrated that acceptance decreases distress and increases willingness to engage in challenging tasks (e.g. Levitt, Brown, Orsillo, & Barlow, 2004). However, research demonstrating the positive effects of values articulation on psychological functioning is needed. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention in reducing anxiety related to a stressful speech task. Contrary to predictions, engagement in values writing did not reduce anticipatory or posttask anxiety relative to engagement in a neutral writing task. However, self-esteem significantly predicted anxious response to the task. Experiential avoidance and valued living were also associated with anxious response to the task, although the contribution of these predictors was not statistically significant.
Megestrol melanoma study

The progestogen megestrol acetate (160 mg/day PO continuously starting 2 days before chemotherapy) plus chemotherapy with dacarbazine (220 mg/m2/day IV for 3 days), cisplatin (25-30 mg/m2/day IV for 3 days) every 3 weeks, and carmustine (150 mg/m2 IV single dose every 6 weeks) were administered to 22 patients, 18 of whom were evaluable. Toxicity was tolerable, and more than 80% of ideal dosing was achieved during the first two cycles of treatment. A net weight gain of 0.95 kg was observed during this program of treatment. A 56% objective response rate, including visceral responding sites, with a median duration of response of 37.5+ weeks was achieved. A median survival of 15 months for all evaluable study patients was seen, which is somewhat longer than that achieved by most prior studies, including those employing the same chemotherapy regimen plus tamoxifen. Megestrol acetate may contribute to a high objective response rate and prolonged median survival in viscerally dominant metastatic melanoma when used with a chemotherapy regimen of dacarbazine, carmustine, and cisplatin.
On the influence of synaptic weight states in a locally competitive algorithm for memristive hardware

Memristors promise a means for very compact neuromorphic nanoscale architectures that leverage in-situ learning algorithms. While traditional learning algorithms simulated in software commonly assume analog values for synaptic weights, actual physical memristors may have a finite set of achievable states during online learning. In this paper we simulate a learning algorithm with limitations on both the resolution of its weights and the means of switching between them to gain an appreciation for how these properties might affect classification performance. For our experiments we use the Locally Competitive Algorithm (LCA) by Rozell et al. in conjunction with the MNIST dataset. We investigate the effects of both linear and non-linear distributions of weight states, concluding that as long as the weights are roughly within a power law distribution close to linear the algorithm is still effective. Our results also show that the resolution required from a device depends on its transition function between states; for transitions akin to round to nearest, synaptic weights should have around 16 possible states (4-bit resolution) to obtain optimal results. We find that lowering the threshold required to change states or adding stochasticity to the system can reduce that requirement down to 4 states (2-bit resolution). The outcomes of our research are relevant for building neuromorphic hardware with state-of-the art memristive devices.
Internal information technology audit process quality: Theory development using structured group processes

Abstract A theoretical framework of the internal information technology audit (ITA) process is developed by collecting data from multiple sources using structured group processes. A series of nominal group processes involving information technology auditors, ITA managers, and financial auditors from three different internal audit organizations was performed to generate source data. This data was then coded and analyzed using a constant comparison approach to identify the codes, indicators, concepts, and relationships included in the theory. The results reveal 26 concepts organized into six categories: Audit Organization, Client Organization, Enterprise Environment, Process and Methodology, Target Process or System, and Audit Personnel. Based on the data and the concepts identified ten propositions are suggested. The results are then compared with prior research.
Analog Computer in Drug Dosage and Formulation Design

Methods have been described which utilize the analog computer as a laboratory aid in the preparation of drug formulations with improved therapeutic efficacy. Five basic dosage models were used to show the versatility of the computer and the variety of programs that are possible. These included single dosage, repetitive dosage, and three different types of sustained and delayed-release mechanisms. The analog computer may be used to predict which combination of existing formulas should be combined to give the desired response or may be used to provide specific information on the desirable physical characteristics of such formulas in advance of their manufacture. The major information needed for such predictions are the pharmacokinetic parameters specific to the drug in question. The analog computer provides an inexpensive means of predicting formulation requirements and may perform, in a matter of hours, work that might take weeks or months by normal laboratory screening methods.
In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolic Studies of Phospho-aspirin (MDC-22)

Purpose To investigate the metabolism of phospho-aspirin (PA, MDC-22), a novel anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent.
Appendicitis associated with a strangulated Littre's hernia☆

Abstract A 12 year-old boy presented with right lower abdominal and groin pain. Intraoperatively, he was found to have acute appendicitis associated with a strangulated Meckel's diverticulum, or Littre's hernia. Both the appendix and Meckel's diverticulum were resected laparoscopically while the inguinal hernia was repaired four months later. We present an uncommon finding of a strangulated Littre's hernia discovered concurrently with acute appendicitis. The presentation, management and review of the literature of this condition are discussed.
Tilt Estimation in Moderate-to-Strong Scintillation.

Adaptive optics systems are being applied in ever more challenging environments, for example, the projection of lasers over long horizontal paths through the atmosphere. These long atmospheric paths corrupt the signal received from the beacon and typically yield highly scintillated received wave fronts. Tilt estimation for controlling the fast steering mirror in these systems is complicated by the presence of branch points in the scintillated received wave fronts. In particular, correlation between the tilt and the projected beam’s centroid error at the target has been observed in horizontal laser beam projection experiments. The presence of this correlation indicates that better tracking performance should be achievable. We compare the performance of four estimation schemes applied to tilt estimation in a horizontal laser projection system. It is demonstrated that all four schemes underestimate the tilt required to return the laser beam to a target in highly scintillated environments. A method of correcting this tilt is presented, and the expected performance improvement is quantified.