cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint AIS-ACM MSIS 2006 Curriculum Draft Report.

This panel will present the final draft report of the Joint ACM/AIS Committee on the MS Curriculum in Information Systems. The committee, chaired by John T. Gorgone and Paul Gray, held several public meetings at AMCIS 2003, ICIS 2003, AMCIS 2004, IAIM/ICIS 2004, and ICECON 2004 to solicit feedback on proposed curriculum changes and to hear about the experiences of the MSIS community. We have listened to the MSIS community and have made modifications to the curriculum. The committee has conducted several virtual conferences, and met at Claremont Graduate University the spring of 2005 to develop the final draft Curriculum Guidelines for the remainder of this decade. The panelists are the members of the Committee and will be present to interact with the audience for feedback. Attendance and participation in this panel is particularly important for faculty in departments offering MS degrees in Information Systems. The publication target is January 2006.
A Financial Market Model for the US and the Netherlands

This paper describes a capital market model for the Netherlands. This capital market model can be used to evaluate the pension agreement between the government, employers and employees in the Netherlands. Pension funds may invest in a stock market index and in bond funds which rebalance permanently their portfolio to fix the maturity. So we need a description of the stock market and the bond market inclusive the term structure. Both the nominal bonds as well as the development of the stock returns depend on the inflation process which needs to be modelled, too. Net benefits of pensions can be considered as a derivative of bonds and equity, because both the benefits and premiums depend on the investment results. So we need an instrument to evaluate derivative products. The Koijen et al. (2010) model meets all these requirements and will be used after reestimation using Dutch data.This paper provides a technical documentation of this capital market model and details on the derivations and the estimation. The estimation results are compared to estimates for the US. The results for the Netherlands deviate in several respects from those for the US. In particular, the estimates are less signi cant. A possible explanation may be that (not included) exchange rate fluctuations are more relevant for Europe than for the US.Due to the small open economy character and the data construction this model can be considered as a model for the north European capital market.This estimated capital market model will be used to construct scenario sets. These scenarios will be used in an asset liability model (ALM) to evaluate the pension agreement.The Koijen et al. (2010) model is related to Brennan and Xia (2002), Campbell and Viceira (2001) and Sangvinatsos and Wachter (2005). More details of the model can be found in Koijen et al. (2005) and Koijen et al. (2006). A survey of all risks that pension funds are facing, can be found in Broer (2010).Section 2 presents the model assumptions. The link between nominal and inflation linked bonds is discussed in section 3, just as the term structure. Bond funds implementing constant duration are the subject of section 4. The model is formulated in continuous time, but for simulation and estimation purposes a discretized version is necessary. This discretization is discussed in section 5. To determine the value of derivative products, as for instance pension rights, risk-neutral simulation is used which is discussed in section 6. The data used to estimate the model are discussed in section 7. Section 8 presents the estimation procedure and section 9 the estimation results. The model will be used to generate scenarios. Section 10 presents some possible scenarios to get some feeling for the results. Section 11 concludes.
Effects of false-evidence ploys and expert testimony on jurors, juries, and judges

Triers of fact evaluated trial materials involving disputed confessions, false-evidence ploys (FEPs) during interrogation, and expert testimony. In two experiments, we assessed pre-deliberation and...
Accuracy of Adult Children's Perceptions of Mothers' Caregiver Preferences.

Background and objectives Most older mothers have strong preferences regarding which offspring will serve as their future caregivers, and violation of these preferences has been found to have consequences for mothers' psychological well-being. However, no study has examined the accuracy of adult children's perceptions of their mothers' caregiver preferences. In this article, we compare mothers' stated preferences for particular caregivers with their adult children's perceptions of their mothers' preferences. Research design and methods Data were collected from 675 adult children and their mothers nested within 285 families as part of the Within-Family Differences Study. Results Only 44.6% of adult children accurately reported their mothers' preferences for particular offspring as caregivers. Consistent with our hypotheses, accuracy was higher when mothers and children shared values regarding filial piety, and lower when children were parents, had poor health, and lived further away. Surprisingly, primary caregivers were substantially less likely to accurately report mothers' caregiver preferences than were noncaregivers. This counterintuitive pattern can be explained by the finding that most mothers were cared for by children whom they did not prefer and may have therefore been reluctant to share their preferences with those caregivers. Discussion and implications Given the negative psychological consequences for mothers whose caregiver preferences are violated, the high level of inaccuracy found among adult children has important implications when mothers face serious health events. These findings underscore the need for intervention efforts to encourage practitioners and clinicians to collect information directly from mothers regarding preferences for particular offspring as caregivers.
Sampled Dense Matrix Multiplication for High-Performance Machine Learning

Many machine learning methods involve iterative optimization and are amenable to a variety of alternate formulations. Many currently popular formulations for some machine learning methods based on core operations that essentially correspond to sparse matrix-vector products. A reformulation using sparse matrix-matrix products primitives can potentially enable significant performance enhancement. Sampled Dense-Dense Matrix Multiplication (SDDMM) is a primitive that has been shown to be usable as a core component in reformulations of many machine learning factor analysis algorithms such as Alternating Least Squares (ALS), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Sparse Factor Analysis (SFA), and Gamma Poisson (GaP). It requires the computation of the product of two input dense matrices but only at locations of the result matrix corresponding to nonzero entries in a sparse third input matrix. In this paper, we address the development of cuSDDMM, a multi-node GPU-accelerated implementation for SDDMM. We analyze the data reuse characteristics of SDDMM and develop a model-driven strategy for choice of tiling permutation and tile-size choice. cuSDDMM improves significantly (up to 4.6x) over the best currently available GPU implementation of SDDMM (in the BIDMach Machine Learning library).
Advanced cancer survival in a rural community: The impact of hospice services.

e20628 Background: The intensity of end-of-life (EOL) cancer care in a rural community has been previously reported (Cowall et al: J Oncol Pract 8: 40e-44e, 2012) using a random sample of all cance...
Diorganyl Dichalcogenides as Surface Capping Ligands for Germanium Nanocrystals

Indirect ligand exchange methods have been demonstrated to replace the oleylamine capping with dodecanethiol for germanium nanocrystals (Ge NCs). In these methods, hydrazine is employed to effectiv...
Etiology and Risk Factors for Infectious Keratitis in South Texas.

Purpose To determine the causative organisms and associated risk factors for infectious keratitis in South Texas. Methods This retrospective study was performed at a tertiary teaching hospital system in South Texas. Medical records of all patients who presented with infectious keratitis from 2012 to 2018 were reviewed. Only patients with culture-proven bacterial, fungal, and Acanthamoeba keratitis were included. Results In total, 182 eyes of 181 patients had culture-proven bacterial, fungal, or Acanthamoeba keratitis. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 93 years, with a mean of 48.3 ± 20.8 years. The most common etiologic agent was bacteria, with 173 bacterial cultures (95.1%) recovered, followed by 13 fungal cultures (7.1%), and 3 Acanthamoeba cultures (1.6%). Of the 218 bacterial isolates, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common (25.7%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.0%), and Moraxella (7.8%). Fusarium was the most common fungal isolate (46.2%). The most common risk factors for infectious keratitis included contact lens wear (32.4%), underlying corneal disease (17.6%), trauma (14.3%), and ocular surface disease (13.7%). Conclusions Bacteria are the most common cause of infectious keratitis in this patient population, with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas as the most common isolates. The prevalence of culture-positive fungal keratitis is significantly lower than that of bacterial keratitis. Contact lens wear is the most common risk factor associated with infectious keratitis in South Texas.
Ecological factors affecting muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) reproduction in Midwestern lakes

Reproduction of muskellunge Esox masquinongy has failed in many waters that formerly supported self-sustaining populations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to isolate causes of such failures. Differential mortality was observed in lots of muskellunge eggs incubated in jars of unaerated lake water over substrates of sand, gravel, silt, aquatic macrophytes, wood, tree leaves, polyethylene screen, and bare glass. High and rapid early mortality (days 1-2), attributable to low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (0-0.1 mg/liter), occurred among eggs incubated on leaves and macrophytes. After day 3, Saprolegnia sp. fungus was implicated in high egg mortalities in jars with inorganic substrates and moderate DO (3.8-4.1 mg/liter). Lowest mortality rates occurred on organic substrates (silt and wood) amidst intermediate DO concentrations (0.4-1.7 mg/liter) and limited fungal infestation. Measured DO at the substrate-water interface in eight midwestern lakes showed that four lakes had high DO (mean, 6.0-8.4 mg/liter), little microstratification, and support self-sustaining muskellunge populations. The other four showed extreme DO microstratification and virtual anoxia (mean, 0.4-2.4 mg/liter) at the substrate-water interface. Populations of these four lakes are almost solely supported by stocking. Qualitative and quantitative observations of spawning areas in the eight lakes showed that suitable spawning area characteristics include substrates with low biological oxygen demand, dense stonewort Chara sp.
A Parallel Process Model of Integration and Multidimensional Prosocial Behaviors in Recent Immigrant U.S. Latinx Adolescents.

With a growing population of Latinx youth immigrating to the United States, it is important to understand how Latinx youth adapt to mainstream U.S. culture. Given that the majority of research examining social development among recent immigrant adolescents has focused on negative adjustment outcomes, research examining positive social behaviors is needed to avoid deficit approaches to their development, gain a holistic understanding of youth development, and improve interventions with this population.This study examined the associations among trajectories in cultural integration and multiple prosocial behaviors among recent immigrant U.S. Latinx adolescents in Miami, Florida and Los Angeles, California. Adolescents (N = 302; 53.3% males; M age = 14.51 years) completed measures of integration and prosocial behaviors across six time points. Latent growth curve models indicated that integration significantly increased, though this growth tapered off over time. The growth in prosocial behaviors depended on the specific form of helping assessed. While the growth in altruistic and compliant prosocial behaviors was stagnant, there was an increase in anonymous prosocial behaviors and a decrease in public and dire prosocial behaviors. Emotional behaviors did not linearly change, though slightly tapered off by the final time points. Parallel process latent growth curve model results indicated positive correlations between the slopes of cultural integration and most forms of prosocial behaviors. These findings highlight the positive role of cultural integration as an acculturative process for U.S. Latinx youth and the multidimensionality of prosocial behaviors.
Suggested Resources for the Practitioner

This chapter provides a compilation of professional resources that may be of benefit for the practitioner. Its primary goal is to be an accessible reference for the practitioner who treats patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The chapter is organized in four basic sections: (1) evidence-based practice guidelines in chronic kidney disease, (2) diet-related resources and food lists, (3) critical tools for conducting nutrition assessments and delivering quality care, and (4) Internet websites and applications. The majority of the information in this chapter augments topics already presented and discussed in earlier chapters.
Interviewed while Black.

Interviewed while Black Being interviewed as a Black applicant at the medical student, resident, fellow, or faculty level involves a collision of microaggressions and feelings and experiences relat...
Genetic algorithms for graph partitioning and incremental graph partitioning

Partitioning graphs into equally large groups of nodes, minimizing the number of edges between different groups, is an extremely important problem in parallel computing. This paper presents genetic algorithms for suboptimal graph partitioning, with new crossover operators (KNUX, DKNUX) that lead to orders of magnitude improvement over traditional genetic operators in solution quality and speed. Our method can improve on good solutions previously obtained by using other algorithms or graph theoretic heuristics in, minimizing the total communication cost or the worst case cost of communication for a single processor. We also extend our algorithm to incremental graph partitioning problems, in which the graph structure or system properties changes with time.
A Pilot Study of Sexual and Gender Minority Student Experiences in Application to U.S. Medical Schools.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) students in the United States experience adverse dynamics as undergraduates and as medical students, including discrimination or fear of it, heightened stress, and ...
Designing Ionic Liquid-Derived Polymer Composites from Poly(Ionic Liquid)–Ionene Semi-interpenetrating Networks

While the solvating power of ionic liquids (ILs) for a variety of solute types including polymers is well-known, the use of ILs as solvents for ionenes—charged polymers with cationic moieties withi...
Pharmacological Management of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women

Opioid misuse during pregnancy is associated with negative outcomes for both mother and fetus due not only to the physiological effects of the drug but also to the associated social, medical and mental health problems that accompany illicit drug use. An interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of opioid use disorder during pregnancy is most effective. Ideally, obstetric and substance use treatment are co-located and ancillary support services are readily available. Medication-assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine is intrinsic to evidence-based care for the opioid-using pregnant woman. Women who are not stabilized on an opioid maintenance medication experience high rates of relapse and worse outcomes. Methadone has been the mainstay of maintenance treatment for nearly 50 years, but recent research has found that both methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatments significantly improve maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. Although methadone remains the current standard of care, the field is beginning to move towards buprenorphine maintenance as a first-line treatment for pregnant women with opioid use disorder, because of its greater availability and evidence of better neonatal outcomes than methadone. However, there is some evidence that treatment dropout may be greater with buprenorphine relative to methadone.
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology

Welcome to UIST 2012, the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. UIST is the premier forum for the presentation of research innovations in the software and technology of human-computer interfaces. Sponsored by ACM's special interest groups on computer-human interaction (SIGCHI) and computer graphics (SIGGRAPH), UIST brings together researchers and practitioners from many areas, including web and graphical interfaces, new input and output devices, information visualization, interactive displays, tangible computing, and computer supported cooperative work. The single-track schedule, intimate size, and location in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a place rich in history of technical innovations, make UIST 2012 an ideal place to exchange results and to forge future collaborations. We received a record 288 paper submissions from more than 20 countries. After a thorough review process, the program committee accepted 62 papers (21.5%). Each anonymous submission was first reviewed by a primary program committee member and three external reviewers. If any of the four reviewers deemed a submission to pass a rejection threshold we asked the authors to submit a short rebuttal addressing the reviewers' concerns. The secondary committee member then wrote a fifth review of the paper taking into account the authors' rebuttal. The program committee met in person in Redmond, WA, on June 7--8, 2012, to select the papers for the conference. Submissions were finally accepted only after the authors provided a final revision addressing the committee's comments. In addition to the presentations of accepted papers, this year's program includes a keynote by Margaret Livingstone (Harvard Medical School neuroscientist) on how art affects the brain. Posters, demos, the ninth annual Doctoral Symposium, and the fourth annual Student Innovation Contest (this year focusing on a new touch-sensitive device from Synaptics called Jedeye) complete the program.
"Damaged humanity": the call for a patient-centered medical ethic in the managed care era.

Edmund Pellegrino claims that medical ethics must be derived from a perception of the patient’s “damaged humanity,” rather than from the self-imposed duties of professionals. This essay explores the meaning and examines the challenges to this patient-centered ethic. Social scientific and bioethical interpretations of medicine constitute one kind of challenge. A more pervasive challenge is the ascendancy of managed care, and especially investor-owned, for-profit managed care. A list of questions addressed to patients, physicians and organizations is offered as one means of assessing this threat and moving toward morally trustworthy relationships.
CD23 Trimers Are Preassociated on the Cell Surface Even in the Absence of Its Ligand, IgE

Allergic disease is mediated by high levels of allergen-specific IgE. IgE binding to CD23, the low affinity receptor for IgE, results in a negative feedback signal leading to a decrease in IgE production. Previous studies have shown that CD23 associates as an oligomer and that cooperative binding of at least two lectin domains is required for high affinity IgE binding to CD23. We have previously shown that cooperative binding is required for regulation of IgE production. This study describes the production of several mAbs that bind the stalk region of murine CD23. One of the Abs, 19G5, inhibited the IgE/CD23 interaction at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Analysis of the binding properties of these Abs revealed that CD23 dissociates at high temperatures, such as 37 degrees C; however, the N terminus is constitutively associated, indicating partial, rather than complete, dissociation. A novel finding was that the stalk region, previously thought to mediate trimer association, was not required for oligomerization. These data reveal important information about the structure of CD23 that may be useful in modulating IgE production.
Identification of a pH-responsive DNA region upstream of the transcription start site of human NBCe1-B

In rodent incisors two distinct stages of enamel formation can be identified visually based on cell morphology: the secretory stage and the maturation stage. The expression profiles of many genes characterize both stages, including the bicarbonate transport protein NBCe1. Bicarbonate is a requirement for the mineralizing enamel matrix to buffer excessive protons that form as a consequence of hydroxyapatite formation. NBCe1-B mRNA is up-regulated during the maturation stage of amelogenesis, where hydroxyapatite formation predominates. In this study, a presumed 572-bp NBCe1-B promoter region was subcloned into a reporter construct, and within this 572-bp region of DNA we characterized a 285-bp segment that shows an increase of ≈ 2.3-fold in gene-transcription activity when transfected into ameloblast-like cells and cultured in medium maintained at pH 6.8 (vs. pH 7.4). A presumed pH-responsive transcriptional factor-binding domain(s) thus resides in the 285-bp NBCe1-B promoter region where candidate domains include the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells1(NFKB1), jun proto-oncogene (JUN), and tumor protein p53(TP53)-binding sites. Mutagenesis studies identify that both the NFKB1- and TP53-binding sites are responsive to changes in the extracellular pH. These data help to explain how ameloblasts respond to the altered extracellular milieu of protons by changing their gene-expression profile throughout the stages of amelogenesis.
Global distribution and surface activity of macromolecules in offline simulations of marine organic chemistry

Organic macromolecules constitute a high percentage of remote sea spray. They enter the atmosphere through adsorption onto bubbles followed by bursting at the ocean surface, and go on to influence the chemistry of the fine mode aerosol. We present a global estimate of mixed-layer macromolecular distributions, driven by offline marine systems model output. The approach permits estimation of oceanic concentrations and bubble film surface coverages for several classes of organic compound. Mixed layer levels are computed from the output of a global ocean ecodynamics model by relating the macromolecules to standard biogeochemical tracers. Steady state is assumed for labile forms, and for longer-lived components we rely on ratios to existing transported variables. Adsorption is then represented through conventional Langmuir isotherms, with equilibria deduced from laboratory analogs. Open water concentrations locally exceed one micromolar carbon for the total of proteins, polysaccharides and refractory heteropolycondensates. The shorter-lived lipids remain confined to regions of strong biological activity. Results are evaluated against available measurements for all compound types, and agreement is generally well within an order of magnitude. Global distributions are further estimated for both fractional coverage of bubble films at the air–water interface and the two-dimensional concentration excess. Overall, we show that macromolecular mapping provides a novel tool for the comprehension of oceanic surfactant patterns. These results may prove useful in planning field experiments and assessing the potential response of surface chemical behaviors to global change.
Deformation paths in the shallow levels of an accretionary prism: The Eocene Shimanto belt of southwest Japan

Detailed structural analysis of coherent turbidites in a part of the Eocene Shimanto belt on the Muroto Peninsula, Shikoku Island, Japan, reveals a structural evolution that is typical of the shallow levels of accretionary prisms in style and sequence of deformational fabrics, but anomalous in that it includes both a marked rotation in shortening direction and a major out-of-sequence thrust. Deformation throughout a history of progressive lithification and burial was dominated by subhorizontal shortening and seaward-vergent shear. Structures evolved from predominantly mesoscale thrusts and folds to larger, more brittle faults, and finally to kilometer-scale, amplified fault-bend folds with an associated pressure-solution cleavage. This structural progression is consistent with increasing strength of the rocks, decreasing fluid pressures, and increasing temperature and pressure as the sediments were dewatered, lithified, and accreted to the prism. In contrast to this straightforward structural evolution, the prism-scale deformation of the Eocene Shimanto belt is difficult to reconcile with simple models of prism developmentthat assume orthogonal subduction and seaward-stepping imbrication. A 50° counterclockwise rotation in the shortening direction and a major out-of-sequence (or intraprism) thrust are recorded by two distinct structural domains. In both, the earliest structures are clastic dikes and faults indicative of north-south shortening. One domain is characterized by east-striking, regional-scale folds and cleavage that are transected by an east-northeast-trending cleavage; however, the other is characterized by northeast-striking folds and cleavage that are transected by a slightly more north-striking cleavage. The different deformation histories of the two do-mains require that they be separated by a major intraprism fault. This fault carries tectonic melange containing blocks of pillow basalt and chert, indicating that it rooted in the decollement zone beneath the prism. The tectonostratigraphy and deformation histories of the two domains suggest that both before and after the out-of-sequence fault developed, higher structural levels of the prism experienced significant subhorizontal shortening, whereas lower structural levels bypassed this zone of deformation.
Massive hemoptysis from thoracic actinomycosis successfully treated by embolization

Massive hemoptysis, a rare complication of pulmonary actinomycosis, is generally treated surgically. We describe a patient with massive hemoptysis due to pulmonary actinomycosis who was treated successfully by means of selective bronchial artery embolization. The role of BAE is discussed.
Abstract 1589: Olive oil alters benzo(a)pyrene biotransformation and reduces oxidative DNA damage in colon of ApcMinmouse

Sporadic colon cancers have been shown to be triggered by diet and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies have shown that colon cancer rates were significantly reduced in Mediterranean countries where olive oil is the main ingredient of diet. Published works have shown that olive oil inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines. Studies conducted earlier in our laboratory have shown that dietary exposure to the environmental toxicant benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) leads to colon tumor formation. Benzo(a)pyrene biotransformation studies have shown that once BaP is metabolized by cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes, it forms metabolites such as BaP 7, 8-diol-epoxide (BPDE), BaP 3,6 & 6,12-diones. These metabolites have also been shown to cause double stranded breaks in DNA and cause oxidative damage. Therefore, we hypothesize that olive oil9s interaction with BaP will modulate BaP metabolism and reduce colon tumor formation. In this study we investigated the effect of olive oil on BaP-induced colon carcinogenesis in male Apc Min mice. Mice were assigned to a control (n=7) or treatment group (n =7). Treatment consisted of 50 and 100 μg BaP/kg body weight dissolved in tricaprylin (BaP-only group) or olive oil administered daily via oral gavage for sixty days. Post exposure, mice were sacrificed; colon and liver tissues were retrieved from each group of mice and were preserved in formalin and pathological changes were evaluated. The tissues were further analyzed for the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome 1A, cytochrome 1B1, and glutathione S-Transferase. Additionally, to determine if BaP caused oxidative DNA damage to tissues, genomic DNA was isolated from the respective tissues and we quantified aldehyde lesions. There was a reduced incidence of adenomas in colons of mice that ingested BaP + olive oil compared to mice that received BaP only (p Citation Format: Leah D. Banks, Priscilla Amoah, Mohammad S. Niaz, Mary K. Washington, Samuel E. Adunyah, Aramandla Ramesh. Olive oil alters benzo(a)pyrene biotransformation and reduces oxidative DNA damage in colon of Apc Min mouse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1589
Perspective - Systematic study of Reynolds stress closure models in the computations of plane channel flows

This paper investigates the roles of pressure-strain and turbulent diffusion models in the numerical calculation of turbulent plane channel flows with second-moment closure models. Only high Reynolds number models are considered. Three turbulent diffusion and five pressure-strain models are utilized in the computations. The main characteristics of the mean flow and the turbulent fields are compared against experimental data. All the features of the mean flow are correctly predicted by all but one of the Reynolds stress closure models. The Reynolds stress anisotropies in the log layer are predicted to varying degrees of accuracy (good to fair) by the models. It is found that, contrary to previous assertions, wall-reflection terms are not necessary to obtain the correct Reynolds stress anisotropy in the log-layer. The pressure-strain models determine the level of anisotropy in the log-layer, while the diffusion models strongly influence the rate of relaxation towards isotropy in the outer-layer. None of the models could predict correctly the extent of relaxation towards isotropy of the streamwise and lateral components of the Reynolds stresses in the wake region near the center of the channel. Results from direct numerical simulation are used to further clarify this behavior of the models.
Necrotizing enterocolitis: finding infants at highest risk.

Despite decades of research, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the conditions within our neonatal intensive care units with the highest mortality. Experience has garnered the common realization that preterm infants and those requiring surgical therapy will fare the worst. However, clear clinical predictors to identify positively which infants will progress with the disease remain elusive.
Pernicious anemia. The expected findings of very low serum cobalamin levels, anemia, and macrocytosis are often lacking.

• When patients are examined for possible cobalamin deficiency, great stress is often placed on the presence or absence of macrocytosis and anemia and on how low the serum cobalamin level is. The present study, however, shows that only 45 (64%) of 70 consecutively diagnosed patients with pernicious anemia, the most common cause of cobalamin deficiency, had very low cobalamin levels (74 pmol/L [or 100 ng/L]). Anemia was absent in 13 (19%) of the patients, and macrocytosis was absent in 23 (33%) of the patients; such absence was particularly common when cobalamin levels were only slightly or moderately low (74 to 184 pmol/L). Coexisting iron deficiency was responsible for the absence of macrocytosis in nine patients. Of the ten patients with neither anemia nor macrocytosis, neurological disturbance was prominent in six, including four whose only noticeable abnormality was cerebral. These observations indicate that macrocytosis and anemia, two classic features of pernicious anemia, may be overstressed in our diagnostic approach. All subnormal serum cobalamin results are best viewed as pathological until proved otherwise. Emphasis on only very low cobalamin levels risks delaying the diagnosis of pernicious anemia in a substantial proportion of cases, particularly in those without anemia or macrocytosis. (Arch Intern Med1988;148:1712-1714)
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Transplant vasculopathy: evaluation with multi-detector computed tomography.

A 43-year-old man was admitted with progressive fatigue, shortness of breath, and orthopnea. He received an orthotopic heart transplant 13 years ago, which was complicated by multiple episodes of rejection. His last catheterization 2 years before presentation demonstrated moderate transplant vasculopathy. More recently, a nuclear perfusion scan showed a myocardial scar in the mid to basal anterior and anterolateral walls, but no reversible stress-induced ischemia. On admission, the ECG showed normal …
Use of Parallel Synthesis To Probe Structure−Activity Relationships among 12-Helical β-Peptides: Evidence of a Limit on Antimicrobial Activity

We report structure−activity trends among helix-forming β-amino acid oligomers that are intended to mimic α-helical host-defense peptides. Parallel synthesis of two small, focused β-peptide libraries allowed us to identify relatively short (11-residue) β-peptides that display antimicrobial activity. These β-peptides exhibit selectivity for bacteria relative to human red blood cells. A large hydrophobic helical surface is necessary for antimicrobial activity. Longer analogues (16 residues) of the most active library members were prepared and evaluated. Some of these longer β-peptides showed very good antimicrobial activity, but none was more active than a previously reported β-peptide [Porter, E. A.; Wang, X.; Lee, H.-S.; Weisblum, B.; Gellman, S. H. Nature 2000, 404, 565]. The extensive literature on α-helical host-defense peptides and related α-peptides indicates that such molecules are seldom active at concentrations below 1 μg/mL, and our results suggest that amphiphilic helical β-peptides are subject ...
CooLBIST: An Effective Approach of Test Power Reduction for LBIST

Low power design is becoming the mainstream in VLSI. However, since most of the technologies minimizing power consumption have only focused on normal mode operation, test mode operation is often posing the high power consumption because of the high switching activity during scan shift operation. On the other hand, test data volume has become big issue as the size of digital designs continues to grow. Logic built-in self-test (LBIST) is well known as one of the technologies to reduce test data volume. In general, LBIST uses pseudorandom pattern generator (PRPG) with high switching activity. Therefore LBIST makes high power consumption during scan shift operation. As the results, it increases test time (costs) because test engineer has to slow down shift speed to solve power issue. Now, we propose new technique called CooLBIST that controls switching activity during scan shift operation of LBIST. Application result shows that new activity control technique succeeds in reducing the switching activity during scan shift operation without a decline in fault coverage.
Object-Tracking on Mobile Devices using Binary Descriptors

With the growing ubiquity of mobile devices, advanced applications are relying on computer vision techniques to provide novel experiences for users. Currently, few tracking approaches take into consideration the resource constraints on mobile devices. Designing efficient tracking algorithms and optimizing performance for mobile devices can result in better and more efficient tracking for applications, such as augmented reality. In this paper, we use binary descriptors, including Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK), Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB), Binary Robust Independent Features (BRIEF), and Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) to obtain real time tracking performance on mobile devices. We consider both Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS operating systems to implement our tracking approach. The Android implementation is done using Android’s Native Development Kit (NDK), which gives the performance benefits of using native code as well as access to legacy libraries. The iOS implementation was created using both the native Objective-C and the C++ programing languages. We also introduce simplified versions of the BRIEF and BRISK descriptors that improve processing speed without compromising tracking accuracy.
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS UTILIZING AN HEMAGGLUTINATION TECHNIQUE

Hemagglutination is a specific and sensitive technique for investigating the purity of lipoproteins and the immunologic relationships between low density lipoprotein fractions. The Sf 10–400 and Sf 3–9 lipoprotein fractions, isolated from human serum by dextran sulfate-density gradient centrifugation procedure and repurified by centrifugation appeared to contain only lipoprotein antigens since these fractions did not stimulate the production of antibodies against other serum proteins. Cross-absorption experiments with lipoproteins carried on "tanned" cells demonstrated that the Sf 3–9 lipoprotein fraction contains all the antigenic components of the Sf 10–400 lipoprotein fraction together with additional antigenic components not found in the Sf 10–400 lipoprotein fraction. Thus Sf 3–9 and Sf 10–400 lipoprotein fractions are immunologically similar but not identical. Low density lipoproteins contain no antigens in common with the high density lipoproteins. An Sf 3–9 antiserum can be used to detect both Sf 3–9 and Sf 10–400 antigens. The Sf 3–9 lipoprotein fraction used as an antigen will detect antibodies against both Sf 3–9 and Sf 10–400 lipoprotein fractions. The Sf 3–9 and Sf 10–400 antisera did not contain immune antibodies against erythrocytes of the different blood groups or against sheep, guinea pig, dog, calf, pig, horse, and chicken erythrocytes. Normal subjects and subjects with recent myocardial infarctions had no circulating autoantibodies against the Sf 3–9 and Sf 10–400 lipoprotein fractions.
On-farm fuel alcohol production: Economic considerations and implications for farm management

Abstract On-farm production and use of ethanol fuel with maize grain as the raw material is examined with respect to four possible objectives: security of the farm's fuel supply; reduction in fuel costs; productive use of surplus labor in the off season; and added flexibility in marketing the farm's grain. Production on a farm scale differs from industrial production with respect to both the technology and the economic structure of the enterprise. Farm-scale production costs are higher than those of industrial facilities and exceed the value of the ethanol at current fuel prices. Suitable ways for using ethanol production on farms often are incompatible with the various objectives of farm ethanol production. The components of the overall system, from raw material production to end use, must be analyzed together within the framework of total farm operation.
Transposition errors in context-free languages

Abstract This article examines the problem of context-free languages that include strings containing transposition errors. The precise construction of a transposition error-correcting algorithm is given. Error detection and correction has been analyzed by others. Context-free grammar transformations to allow for the derivation of strings containing replacement, deletion, and insertion errors have been defined. This article presents an algorithm that, when given a Chomsky Normal Form context-free grammar G , constructs a Chomsky Normal Form context-free grammar, G T , to derive strings that contain transposition errors. The strings in the new language are one transposition error away from those in the original language, L ( G ). G T can be used to parse incorrect strings and to correct them. This approach also allows for the detection, classification, and correction of transposition errors occurring in the syntactic description of patterns. The number of new productions in G T is related by a small polynomial to the number of productions in G .
Novel classes of mouse repeated DNAs

Mouse DNA cleaved with Eco R11 (bst NI) displays two prominent restriction bands of 1.5 and 1.7 kb in agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. These constitute novel subsets of repeated DNA in the mouse. Sequential Hoechst 33258-CsCl gradient fractionation of mouse DNA, yielding more GC rich main band DNA, and AT rich satellite DNA, revealed that both these fragments copurified with GC rich main band DNA. They were not detected in purified satellite preparations. Together these restriction bands constituted larger than or equal to 0.2% of main band DNAs. Hybridization of 32p labelled satellite DNA to blots of Eco R11 restricted mouse DNA showed positive hybridization only to smaller satellite restriction fragments, indicating satellite DNA had little or no homology with either the 1.5 or 1.7 kb fragments. The 1.5 and 1.7 kb fragments were isolated from gels and labelled with 32p by nick translation. Using a series of restriction endonucleases each of these two fragments showed different cleavage patterns. Filter hybridization confirmed that these two fragments were distinct subsets as they did not cross hybridize with each other. They also did not hybridize to other more minor repeated non-satellite DNA bands noted in ethidium bromide stained gels. Neither of them could be assigned to ribosomal genes as they did not hybridize to 32p kinase labelled 18S and 28S RNA. Isolation of DNA from male and female mice showed comparable amounts of both the 1.5 and 1.7 kb fragments. Thus neither was Y chromosome specific. From restriction patterns, and preliminary chromosome hybridization studies, these fragments are thought to represent "interspersed" repeated sequences rather than very long tandem (satellite like) centromeric arrays. The relationship between these repeated sequence subsets, their evolution and detailed organization, and their representation in different mouse species, remain to be determined.
Diffuse pulmonary injury following paint remover exposure

A case of paint remover inhalation causing pulmonary edema and pleural effusions is described. Methylene chloride, an ingredient of paint removers, can cause pulmonary edema and carbon monoxide poisoning. The expanding interest in home projects involving furniture refinishing and paint removal puts a large segment of the population at risk. The implications of such exposure need to be recognized by the medical community.
Comparison Between 201Tl and 99mTc Sestamibi Uptake During Adenosine-Induced Vasodilation as a Function of Coronary Stenosis Severity

Background Myocardial uptake of either 201Tl or 99mTc-sestamibi (sestamibi) is known to plateau at high coronary flow rates. However, few direct comparisons have been made between these tracers to determine what effect differences in the uptake plateau for the two tracers may have on the detection of coronary stenoses of various severities. Methods and Results Twenty-two dogs were instrumented with flow transducers on the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (LCx) arteries. In 6 nonstenotic dogs, adenosine was infused directly into the LAD, whereas 16 dogs with either critical (n=7) or mild (n=9) LAD stenoses received an intravenous infusion. At peak flow, 201Tl (0.5 mCi), sestamibi (5 to 8 mCi), and radiolabeled microspheres were injected simultaneously. Five minutes later, dogs were killed, and ex vivo imaging of heart slices and gamma-well counting of multiple myocardial samples was performed. Neither 201Tl nor sestamibi uptake increased in direct proportion to flow. In the 6 nonstenotic dogs,...
Self-injurious behavior in college students.

As an introduction to my comments on the Whitlock et al study1 (in this issue of Pediatrics ), I would like to present some of my understandings about self-injurious behavior (SIB, the politically correct term for self-mutilation [SM]) based on 25 years of studying and treating self-injurers. Up until the late 1980s most psychiatrists and psychologists (the pediatric literature was conspicuously silent) regarded SM as a singular, horrific, and senseless behavior that was somehow linked with suicidality either symbolically or in fact. Only a few researchers attempted to truly understand this phenomenon. In 1987, my book Bodies Under Siege ,2 which was broadly and favorably reviewed, brought a measure of order to SM by dividing it into 2 major categories that I labeled “culturally sanctioned” and “pathologic.” By examining deep-seated mutilative rituals, some going back to the stone age, I determined that they primarily served 3 purposes: (1) to attain grace and improve relationships with God; (2) to maintain social stability; and (3) to achieve physical healing. This finding led me to consider self-injury as a morbid form of self-help. By examining patients I devised a phenomenological classification of deviant SM that I refined in the 1996 second edition of my book and in collaborative publications. Deviant SM may be divided into … Address correspondence to Armando R. Favazza, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 3 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201. E-mail: favazzaa{at}health.missouri.edu
Nutrients and trace elements as they affect blood pressure in the elderly

Hypertension, a major public health problem, becomes more prevalent during aging. Although the pathogenesis is uncertain, epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors such as nutrition may play a major role in blood pressure regulation. As examples, it is generally accepted that obesity and sodium/alcohol consumption are important factors, and many believe that calcium, magnesium, and potassium consumption are regulatory as well. However, less emphasis has been placed on whether macronutrients and trace elements influence blood pressure (BP) significantly. Accordingly, this review focuses on the ability of macronutrients and foods (sugars, soluble fibers, garlic, and fats), trace elements and natural coenzymes like chromium and NADH to influence BP. Clearly, many natural products, especially those with ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and/or act as antioxidants, have the capability to affect BP.
Synthesis and enzymatic resolution of DL‐2‐phenylglycine‐1‐14C

DL-2-Phenylglycine-1-14C was prepared in good yield employing a modified Strecker synthesis. The resolution of DL-2-phenylglycine into its pure enantiomorphs was accomplished by the stereoselective enzymatic hydrolysis of the N-chloroacetyl derivative of the L-optical isomer using hog kidney acylase.
Gender stereotypes as situation-behavior profiles

Recent research suggests that social perceivers’ dispositional inferences are influenced by information about the ways others’ behavior varies stably across situations. We extend this research to stereotypes. Specifically, we examined peoples’ preconceptions about the situation–behavior profiles that social groups are likely to display, as well as the implications of such preconceptions for behavioral judgments. Focusing on gender stereotypes, in Study 1 we found that perceivers’ expectations about men’s and women’s assertiveness are qualified by situational information. Study 2 revealed that perceivers’ beliefs about the mentalistic attributes (e.g., goals, beliefs, motivations) that characterize men and women mediated the relationship between target gender and perceivers’ expectations about situation–behavior patterns. Study 3 explored how such contextualized stereotypes affect on-line judgments of targets’ behavior, showing that perceivers judge a given behavior’s assertiveness based not only on target gender but also on situation type.