cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Well, we must be for ourselves in the long run”: Selfishness and Sociality in Wuthering Heights

Thomas J. Joudrey, “‘Well, we must be for ourselves in the long run’: Selfishness and Sociality in Wuthering Heights ” (pp. 165–193) This essay traces a problem that has long dogged criticism of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights (1847): why is a novel concerned with passionate love for others populated by characters who are radically selfish? Bronte, drawing on the Byronic tradition and eschewing contemporary exhortations to self-renunciation, validates selfish desire even at the expense of communal responsibility. In so doing, she is forced to contend with the possibility that selfishness risks disabling sociality and marooning the self in shame, isolation, or solipsism. Bronte shows, however, that selfishness and sociality are symbiotically implicated, in that selfishness acts as a precondition of robust sociality. After a series of failures—represented in Lockwood’s shame-saturated retreat into childish sociality, Heathcliff and Catherine’s self-destroying soul fusion, and Linton Heathcliff’s masturbatory selfishness—Bronte ultimately locates a brokered compromise between selfishness and sociality in the relationship of Cathy and Hareton. By maintaining their respective boundaries of self and yet making them selectively permeable, the two demonstrate that susceptibility to interpersonal exchange proves vital to fostering their autonomy as discrete selves. Wuthering Heights wages battle on two fronts, excoriating the temptation to enclose the self behind impenetrable barriers, but simultaneously denouncing the other extreme that would eradicate all difference through metaphysical soul-fusion. Bronte posits instead that mature selfhood can only be yielded by a posture of openness to external influences, even as the coherence of the self must be fortified against appropriation by those influences.
On the Gradient Functions for Nonequilibrium Dissociative Flow Behind a Shock

Energy dh + qdq = 0 (4) where p, p, h, g, and 6 are the pressure, density, enthalpy, velocity and flow inclination, respectively, s and n are the distances along the streamline and its normal direction, respectively. e = 1 is for axisymmetrical flow and e = 0 is for two-dimensional flow, y is the distance from the axis of symmetry. The thermod3mamic aspect of a nonequilibrium dissociated gas (e.g., N2) is treated below. Consider the dissociation of a unit mass of the mixture, the chemical equation is represented as N2 ^ 27V. Let a be the degree of dissociation, m\ and m? the masses of the reacting N and N2, respectively; then dmi = vida where vx = 1 and v2 = — 1. If the enthalpy of a mixture of perfect gases is chosen as a function of p, S and nn, the second law of thermodynamics may be written as
Dietary Supplements: How Family Physicians Can Address Safety Concerns by Working with the FDA.

Your patients are likely using some type of dietary supplement, whether they tell you or not. What can a physician do to support and protect patients from harm if they choose to use readily available dietary supplements?
Weak gamma rays observed in the /sup 60/Co decay

The intensities and energies of the 346.93-, 826.28-, and 2158.77-keV transitions, and intensity limits for the 467.4- and 1293.7-keV transitions in the decay of $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ were measured using a new improved Compton suppression spectrometer. The spectrometer yields a maximum Compton continuum suppression of 28 and a peak-to-minimum Compton ratio of 550/1 for the 1332.5-keV transition of $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$.RADIOACTIVITY $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ [from $^{59}\mathrm{Co} (n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$]; measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$; deduced $log\mathrm{ft}$. $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$ deduced energy levels. Compton suppression spectrometer.
Efficacy of ultrasound for German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) and Oriental rat flea (Siphonoptera): Pulicidae) control.

Nine commercially manufactured ultrasound pest control devices were evaluated for acoustical characteristics and for efficacy against German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), and oriental rat fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild. All devices tested produced ultrasound, but the quality of the sound differed for each device. German cockroaches entered ultrasound-treated rooms as readily as they did untreated rooms. Field efficacy testing demonstrated that German cockroach populations were not significantly reduced in ultrasound-treated apartments. Oriental rat fleas were capable of mating, oviposition, larval development, and pupation when reared in ultrasound-treated rooms. Results indicate that manufacturer claims of cockroach and flea control with ultrasound devices cannot be substantiated.
Quantitation of Human Cytomegalovirus DNA in Lungs from Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients with Interstitial Pneumonia

DNA-DNA hybridization was compared with culture for virus and histopathology for the detection and quantitation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in lungs from bone marrow transplant recipients. The hybridization assay detected 100 pg of HCMV DNA or ^20 plaque-forming unit equivalents. Compared with culture for virus, the hybridization assay had a sensitivity of 90.6^0 and a specificity of 77.8^o. The quantitiy of HCMV DNA and the infectivity titer were directly correlated. Quantitation of HCMV DNA by hybridization was more reproducible than were infectivity titers for frozen specimens. Histopathologic examination of lung specimens detected HCMV inclusions in 60^0 (15 of 25) of patients with HCMV-associated interstitial pneumonia, whereas hybridization results were positive for 96^o (24 of 25) of these patients. A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between quantitative values for HCMV DNA and the duration of pneumonia.
Politicization Beyond Politics: Narratives and Mechanisms of Iraq War Veterans’ Activism

There is growing interest in the implications of military service for the political attitudes, behaviors, and activism of military veterans. This article considers how promission and antiwar vetera...
IMMUNOLOGY OF THE BLADDER

Immunobiology techniques that once were the domain of research are increasingly being applied in the clinic. Transitional epithelium of the bladder undergoes some recognized immunologic changes as it becomes malignant, and their detection may have prognostic value. Examples of such changes are deletion of the ABO(H) blood group antigens, inappropriate expression of Lewis antigens, loss of beta-2 microglobulin and the MHC class 1 heavy chain, and alterations in the production of cellular adhesion molecules and integrins. Other possibly useful markers are ras oncogene products, Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, and perhaps antigens unique to transitional-cell carcinoma.
Effect of Molecular Weight and Flow Type on Flow Birefringence of Dilute Polymer Solutions

Birefringence measurements can be used to study conformation changes in a polymer solution due to the presence of flow. In the dilute concentration range, such studies have been carried out for simple shear flow1 and uniaxial extensional flow,2 but only for a single molecular weight in each case and for concentrations above 300 ppm. Neither the effect of flow type nor molecular weight has been adequately investigated, though each may be extremely important in “applications” such as the well-known “drag reduction” phenomenon. The present paper summarizes the results of flow birefringence experiments for 50 and 100 ppm solutions of three different MW samples of polystyrene dissolved in a viscous poly-chlorinated biphenyl solvent. A range of two-dimensional flow types was generated using a four roll mill.
Facile characterization of aptamer kinetic and equilibrium binding properties using surface plasmon resonance.

Nucleic acid aptamers find widespread use as targeting and sensing agents in nature and biotechnology. Their ability to bind an extensive range of molecular targets, including small molecules, proteins, and ions, with high affinity and specificity enables their use in diverse diagnostic, therapeutic, imaging, and gene-regulatory applications. Here, we describe methods for characterizing aptamer kinetic and equilibrium binding properties using a surface plasmon resonance-based platform. This aptamer characterization platform is broadly useful for studying aptamer–ligand interactions, comparing aptamer properties, screening functional aptamers during in vitro selection processes, and prototyping aptamers for integration into nucleic acid devices.
A fracture mechanics approach to high cycle fretting fatigue based on the worst case fret concept – I. Model development

An integrated analytical and experimental approach was taken to develop a fracture mechanics-based methodology for predicting the limiting threshold stress of high-cycle fretting fatigue in structural alloys. The contact stress field for two flat surfaces under fretting was analyzed via an integral equation technique. The local fretting stress field of the uncracked body was then utilized to obtain the stress intensity factor of an arbitrarily oriented fatigue crack using a continuum dislocation formulation. The limiting threshold stress ranges for the nonpropagation of fretting fatigue cracks were predicted on the basis that the fretting fatigue cracks are small cracks that exhibit a size-dependent growth threshold and propagate at stress intensity ranges below the large-crack threshold. In part I, the development of the worst-case fret (WCF) model is described. The influence of the limiting high-cycle fatigue (HCF) threshold stress on a variety of fretting fatigue parameters such as bearing pressure, pad geometry, shear stress, mode mixity, and coefficient of friction are elucidated by parametric calculations. In part II, the WCF model is applied to treating HCF of Ti-6Al-4V where model predictions are compared against critical experiments performed on a kilohertz fretting-fatigue rig.
Neutrophil extracellular traps as a potential source of autoantigen in cocaine-associated autoimmunity.

Objective Exposure to illicit cocaine and its frequent adulterant, levamisole, is associated with ANCAs targeting neutrophil elastase (NE), neutropenia and vasculitic/thrombotic skin purpura. The mechanisms of cocaine/levamisole-associated autoimmunity (CLAA) are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of cocaine and levamisole to induce the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a potential source of autoantigen and tissue injury. Methods We performed quantitative and qualitative assessment of NET formation in neutrophils from healthy donors exposed to either drug in vitro . In addition, IgG from sera of individuals with CLAA (CLAA-IgG) was assessed for its ability to enhance formation of, and to bind to, drug-induced NETs. Results Both cocaine and levamisole could induce formation of NETs enriched in NE and, potentially, inflammatory mitochondrial DNA. Both drugs could also augment simultaneous release of B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF). CLAA-IgG, but not IgG from healthy individuals, could potentiate drug-induced NETosis. Furthermore, CLAA-IgG, but not ANCA + control IgG, bound to drug-induced NETs in a pattern consistent with NE targeting. Conclusion Both cocaine and levamisole may contribute to the development of ANCAs by inducing release of potentially inflammatory NETs in association with NE autoantigen and BAFF. Enhancement of drug-induced NET release by CLAA-IgG provides a potential mechanism linking vasculitis/pupuric skin disease to acute drug exposure in patients with CLAA. Further study of this under-recognized form of autoimmunity will be likely to provide mechanistic insight into ANCA-associated vasculitis and other diseases associated with NETosis.
Applications of next-generation sequencing in fisheries research: A review

Abstract The rapid advancement and decreasing costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics and beyond. NGS has led to astonishing number of scientific advances and has offered a paradigm shift from gene to genome-wide research in the field of fisheries and aquaculture. Researchers in fish biology have used NGS to discover novel genetic markers for population and traceability studies. Additionally, NGS technologies have been utilized for ecotoxicological applications, genome-wide characterization to find the genomic regions associated with commercially important traits, profiling of messenger-RNAs and micro-RNAs to study the control of biological processes, and to learn more about evolutionary questions. In recent years, great efforts have been made on sequencing the genomes of economically important aquaculture species. These efforts have shown astounding potential to bring enormous change in genetic and biological research in fisheries and aquaculture. Nevertheless, genomic information for most of the fish species is still lacking and results of some studies using NGS were presented without keeping proper sampling and/or experimental design. Future studies should be spread on other non-model species, but with proper sampling respecting aim of such studies. Only then, it is possible to understand well genetic and biological significance of investigated species for fisheries and aquaculture. This review summarizes various applications of next-generation sequencing that has been used in fishery research up to now.
Transformational leadership, employee turnover intention, and actual voluntary turnover in public organizations

This research seeks to make contributions to the organization-level analysis of voluntary turnover in public organizations. Structural equation modelling is used to explore how transformational lea...
From Activity Areas to Occupational Histories: New Methods to Document the Formation of Spatial Structure in Hunter-Gatherer Sites

Over the past five decades, archaeologists have proposed a wide range of methods for the study of spatial organization within hunter-gatherer sites. Many of these methods sought to identify the spatial location of activities based on patterns of behavior observed in ethnographic contexts. While this resulted in productive observations at certain sites, many of these methods were tailored to specific situations and thus could not be applied to a wide range of sites. For example, open-air sites rarely contain preserved bone or features, such as hearths, which were central components to identifying characteristics of site structure. In addition, many of these methods often did not take into consideration the temporal dynamics of the occupation, i.e., that many sites were formed through subsequent occupations of differing duration. This paper proposes the use of two related methods that assume many assemblages are the result of more than one occupation. The methods target the distribution of lithic artifacts, the most ubiquitously preserved of archaeological materials, and accounts for the potential that the final resting place of artifacts was the result of both intentional and unintentional movement by humans and a host of biological and geological processes. The main goal of this paper is to use an understanding of how these processes influenced the formation of site structure to estimate the relative number and duration of occupations for each site in the sample. These new methods will be presented and explained through the study of seven open-air Middle Paleolithic sites in France but are applicable to a wide range of hunter-gatherer sites.
Anesthesiologists' perceptions of minimum acceptable work habits of nurse anesthetists.

Abstract Study objective Work habits are non-technical skills that are an important part of job performance. Although non-technical skills are usually evaluated on a relative basis (i.e., "grading on a curve"), validity of evaluation on an absolute basis (i.e., "minimum passing score") needs to be determined. Design Survey and observational study. Patients None. Interventions None. Measurements The theme of "work habits" was assessed using a modification of Dannefer et al.'s 6-item scale, with scores ranging from 1 (lowest performance) to 5 (highest performance). E-mail invitations were sent to all consultant and fellow anesthesiologists at Mayo Clinic in Florida, Arizona, and Minnesota. Because work habits expectations can be generational, the survey was designed for adjustment based on all invited (responding or non-responding) anesthesiologists' year of graduation from residency. Main results The overall mean±standard deviation of the score for anesthesiologists' minimum expectations of nurse anesthetists' work habits was 3.64±0.66 (N=48). Minimum acceptable scores were correlated with the year of graduation from anesthesia residency (linear regression P=0.004). Adjusting for survey non-response using all N=207 anesthesiologists, the mean of the minimum acceptable work habits adjusted for year of graduation was 3.69 (standard error 0.02). The minimum expectations for nurse anesthetists' work habits were compared with observational data obtained from the University of Iowa. Among 8940 individual nurse anesthetist work habits scores, only 2.6% were Conclusions Our results suggest that routinely evaluated work habits of nurse anesthetists within departments should not be compared with an appropriate minimum score (i.e., of 3.69). Instead, work habits scores should be analyzed based on relative reporting among anesthetists.
Rayleigh wave group velocities in central California

abstract Experimentally determined Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves of group velocity are given for five paths from NTS to stations in the network operated by the Seismographic Station at U.C. Berkeley. Periods observed range from 4 to 14 seconds. Although, as expected, two different paths from NTS to the western edge of the Sierra Nevada resulted in similar curves, efforts to find empirical curves appropriate to the Great Valley and the Coast Ranges on the assumption of provinces with parallel boundaries were not successful. Estimates of group velocity across the Great Valley along the path NTS to BRK indicate velocities, in the period range 5–9 seconds, considerably lower than would be expected from crustal models so far suggested.
The Cost Effectiveness of Alpha SPF Roofs: Casa View Elementary School Roofing Case Study

The performance of the Alpha Sprayed Polyurethane Foam (SPF) roofing system is perceived as not an economical option when compared to a 20-year modified roofing system. The Dallas Independent School District (DISD) is replacing the existing Alpha SPF roof systems with new roof systems rather than recoating the existing systems at a cost that is 100% more than the recoating costs. The DISD is in a heavy hail area, and the proven hail resistance of the Alpha SPF roof system is an additional benefit for DISD who is self-insured. The Casa View Elementary School roof system was installed with a Neogard Permathane roof system in 1987. This roof was hail tested with ten drops from 17 feet 9 inches of 1-3/4-inch steel ball (9 out of 10 passed) and three drops from 17 feet 9 inches with a 3-inch diameter steel ball (1 out of 3 passed). The analysis of the passing and failing core samples show that the thickness of the top and base Alpha SPF coating is one of the major differences in a roof passing or failing the FM-SH hail test. The current potential cost savings of purchasing a 61,000 square feet Alpha SPF roof versus modified bitumen roof is approximately $610,000 for DISD. The past hail tests on Alpha SPF roof systems show high customer satisfaction (9.8 out of 10) and an over 40-year service life after a $6.00/SF recoat.
Predicting the constitutive response of precipitation hardened NiTiHf

Current efforts towards the identification of suitable processing parameters of shape memory alloys (SMAs) that enhance their actuation performance, are based on semi-empirical approaches. This is largely due to a lack of models able to predict the macro-mechanical response of SMAs as function of given composition and the temperature and time of an imposed heat treatment. The present work aims for the development of multi-field Finite Element (FE) based models, for the NiTiHf SMA material system, adequate to address these challenges and able to simulate materials macro-mechanical response including transformation strain, hysteresis and transformation temperatures. Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) with periodic geometry and boundary conditions are used to model materials microstructure. Randomly placed precipitates are considered in the NiTiHF matrix, while eigenstrains corresponding to the lattice mismatch between the precipitates and the matrix are introduced in order to model the residual stress and strain fields. The Hf concentration field is taken into consideration in addition to the displacement field in order to capture the Hf diffusion process through the adoption of Fickian diffusion law. To this end the composition of NiTiHf in the vicinity of the precipitates is computed thus resulting in substantial SMA transformation temperature shifts. The developed framework is validated based on correlations with experimental results.
A comparison of numerical and analytical predictions of the tidal stream power resource of Massachusetts, USA

The coastal waters of Massachusetts, USA encompass tidal phenomena that generate flows of sufficient magnitude for commercially viable power extraction. We examine the tidal power resource of the Massachusetts coastal region with two high-resolution hydrodynamic tidal models: a regional model encompassing the coastal waters of southeastern New England and a local domain model of Cape Cod Canal. Both models have been subject to comprehensive skill assessment using available surface elevation and ADCP measurements. Based on the model results, we identify five high-energy sites (Cape Cod Canal, Muskeget Channel, Quicks Hole, Robinson Hole and Woods Hole) for evaluation of the maximum extractable tidal power. The power extraction at these sites is modeled using linear momentum actuator disk theory applied to a cross-channel array of turbines. Of the sites evaluated, Muskeget Channel has the greatest resource, with an estimated maximum extractable power of 24 MW. The estimated total power available from all five sites is 44 MW. These estimates agree within 21% with predictions from analytical approaches at all sites. Potential applications for the models include: providing developers with an initial assessment of the resource, guiding observation programs for further study of the resource, and facilitating optimization of turbine array design.
Case Series Study of the Efficacy of Compounded Antibacterial, Steroid, and Moisturizer in Atopic Dermatitis.

Background/Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of a topical antimicrobial combined with a steroid may benefit patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but modern guidelines discourage the use of antimicrobials in treating this condition. We sought to evaluate the degree of improvement in the severity and extent of AD lesions after using a compounded antibacterial, steroid, and moisturizer (CASM). Methods This was a nonblinded retrospective review of patients with AD treated using CASM. Multiple patients in the study had previously failed mid- or higher-potency topical steroids, systemic immunosuppressives, or phototherapy (standard therapy [ST] group). Patients were assessed at baseline and at one follow-up visit, with an average follow-up period of 49.5 days. We included all patients with AD in the database who were prescribed CASM and had one subsequent follow-up appointment. We excluded patients who had newly started a systemic immunosuppressant or phototherapy at the time of beginning CASM. Results We included 116 patients in the study. We observed a decrease in mean severity of 1.4 points on a 6-point scale and an average decrease in body surface area (BSA) affected of 23.2 ± 2.5% overall and a decrease in mean severity of 1.4 points and average decrease in BSA affected of 19.7 ± 2.8% in the ST group. Conclusion CASM appears to be effective in the management of AD and may offer additional benefit for patients who have plateaued with standard therapies.
Improving Operating Room Safety

Abstract Intraoperative errors are common in surgery. Neurosurgery is no different, with errors occurring in 25%–93% of cases. While many of these errors are minor, others, like wrong-sided surgery, can be devastating. Considerable work has been conducted to understand better the frequency of errors in neurosurgery and ways to prevent them. General strategies include team-training paradigms like crew-resource management, which subsumes specific interventions like checklists and structured communication. Other strategies address specific problems, like preoperative antibiotics for surgical site infections and neuromonitoring, to avoid injuring neurological deficits. In this chapter, we first review general strategies for improving intraoperative patient safety, like team training, structured communication, checklists, and team simulations. This is followed by strategies to address specific problems, like pressure ulcers from poor positioning and wrong-sided surgery. While at first these various approaches might seem disparate, they all share the common, laudable goal of improving the safety of patients during one of their most vulnerable times.
Cyclic Nucleotide Pharmacology of Macrophage Functions

Macrophages are critical in the expressions of immune response, especially in the defense against facultative intracellular bacteria and viruses and in the defense against the development of cancer. Historically, studies of the macrophage since the days of Metchnikoff focused on the important role played by this cell in the resistance to infection. With increasing understanding of the immune response, the macrophage was considered the principal cell in the expression of cell-mediated immunity. With the discovery of the role of the thymus and the functions of the T lymphocyte, the macrophage was placed in a role secondary to that of the lymphocyte. Currently, important interrelationships of the two cell populations are being elucidated, and a central role for the macrophage in tumor immunity is emerging.
The challenges and benefits of annotating oral bilingual corpora: The Spanish in Texas Corpus Project

This article describes efforts to collect, process, and automatically annotate a corpus of Spanish as spoken in Texas. It elaborates the protocols for the development of the corpus and the procedures for automatic annotation, illustrating the common pitfalls to language identification in bilingual corpora and potential methods for circumventing them. The benefits of a comparative corpus approach to contact varieties is illustrated by a case study of a putative verbal calque from the Spanish in Texas data. It is demonstrated that the relative frequency of the verb is much higher than in its source Mexican variety and that the verb selects different complements in Texas than it does in other varieties. The article concludes with a discussion of how computational tools might be fruitfully exploited to resolve long-standing debates about language variation in contact settings.
Exploring the Association of Asthma with Urinary Stone Disease: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014.

Abstract Background The prevalence of urinary stone disease (USD) and asthma is rising and has recently been associated in a pediatric population. Objective To investigate the association between asthma and USD in a nationally representative adult population. Design, setting, and participants We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014, a US population-based cross-sectional study. A history of asthma and USD was obtained by self-report to questionnaires. USD severity was represented by graded stratification into non-stone formers, single stone formers, and recurrent stone formers (>2 stones). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Odds ratios (ORs) for asthma were calculated for respondents with USD and separately for the graded USD groups. Survey-weighted logistic regression models included adjustments for demographics (model A), medical information (model B), and for relevant medications (model C). Results and limitations A total of 20 906 participants aged ≥20 yr were included in the analysis. Of these, 9.2% reported of having a history of kidney stones. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics, medical conditions, and medications showed that stone formers had significantly increased odds of asthma (odds ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.47; p = 0.023). Separate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a graded association between single and recurrent stone formers and the odds of having asthma (p = 0.01), which remained significant in the 20–50-yr-old population and the diabetic population, especially for recurrent stone formers. Causal relationships were limited by cross-sectional nature of the study. Conclusions Increasing severity of USD is associated with an increase in odds for asthma among American adults, providing impetus for future studies into the mechanisms explaining this phenomenon. Patient summary In this report, we looked at self-reported histories of asthma and urinary stone disease (USD) using information from a large US population. We found that asthma was associated with USD; however, further studies are needed to elucidate this relationship.
Correlation of Soft Tissue Swelling and Timing to Surgery With Acute Wound Complications for Operatively Treated Ankle and Other Lower Extremity Fractures

Background:Considerable debate exists regarding how soft-tissue edema should influence timing of surgery for ankle and other lower extremity fractures. Assessment of swelling is subjective, and tim...
Skin Health and Healthy Aging: Skin Disease

There are a variety of skin conditions that have a predilection for older patients. The focus of this chapter is to describe the presentation, prevention, and treatment of common skin conditions with higher prevalence in older populations. In addition to those discussed in Chap. 10, we will discuss atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, intertrigo, drug eruptions, and autoimmune blistering dermatoses. Older patients are at greater risk for ulcers, including arterial and venous ulcers. As the skin ages, it becomes more susceptible to both benign and malignant neoplasms. Older patients are at risk for elder abuse, which can come in the form of physical, emotional, sexual abuse or neglect. There are important cutaneous signs to be aware of in the detection of all forms of abuse. Lastly, clinicians must be aware of particular ethical issues associated with the treatment and management of common skin conditions in older patients.
Xanthomatous Thymoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 10 Cases.

OBJECTIVES Ten cases of thymomas with an extensive xanthomatous component are presented. METHODS Cases were identified during a review of more than 500 cases of thymomas. Histologic material from surgical resections was evaluated. RESULTS The patients included five men and five women aged 47 to 64 years who had nonspecific symptoms. Grossly, all tumors were solid, measuring 2.5 to 4.5 cm. Eight tumors were encapsulated; two were minimally invasive. Histologically, the tumors showed varying histologies, all with an extensive xanthomatous component comprising 50% to 80% of the tumor. Immunohistochemical stains showed tumor cells positive for keratin and keratin 5/6 while the xanthomatous component was positive for CD68. Follow-up information showed nine patients remain alive with no recurrence. No follow-up information was obtained in one patient. CONCLUSIONS The presence of an extensive xanthomatous component may pose difficulties in the interpretation of these tumors. This study highlights the importance of proper sampling and awareness of this unusual feature.
Causes and Consequences of Evolutionary Transitions in the Level of Phenotypic Plasticity of Reptilian Sex Determination

Reptiles exhibit a remarkable variety of mechanisms by which the sexual fate of developing individuals is decided, ranging from systems of extreme phenotypic plasticity dependent on incubation temperature (TSD) to others of extreme canalization under the control of sex chromosomes (GSD). Our understanding of the extent of this diversity is growing, as is the insight about its molecular basis (genetic and epigenetic). However, further research is still overdue to fully decipher the causes and consequences of the independent and frequent transitions between TSD and GSD in reptile lineages. For instance, theoretically, it may be expected that TSD lineages suffer higher extinction because TSD may result in highly biased sex ratios that are detrimental for population dynamics, while sex chromosomes may promote higher speciation rates. Yet, support from empirical studies is conflicting and instead, some evidence points to longevity as an important mediator for the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms. While much effort has been devoted to test whether TSD or GSD is adaptive in various lineages, one of the most exciting areas of inquiry today relates to the increasing reports of intermediate systems of sex determination in reptiles (GSD + TSD = GSD susceptible to thermally induced sex reversal) as they shed critical light on the constraints (or lack thereof) for the evolution of sex determination in this group. The flourish of genomic approaches applied to the study of sex determination along with the refinement of phylogenetic comparative methods are also enabling the reconstruction of the enigmatic micro- and macroevolutionary history of reptilian sex determination.
Diastereoselective Syntheses of Highly Substituted Methylenecyclopropanes via Copper- or Iron-Catalyzed Reactions of 1,2-Disubstituted 3-(Hydroxy­methyl)cyclopropenes with Grignard Reagents

Described are diastereoselective syntheses of highly substituted methylenecyclopropanes from 1,2-disubstituted 3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropenes with allylic ether leaving groups, compounds that were constructed via alkylation of cyclopropenecarboxylic acid dianions. Substitution reactions of 1,2-disubstituted 3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropenes with Grignard reagents proceed with good yield and high diastereoselectivity. Under copper(I)-catalyzed conditions, the substitution reactions proceed to give syn-addition products, whereas Fe(acac)3 catalysis gives the products of anti-addition.
BIM use by architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in educational facility projects

In recent years, many public and private sector owners have started to require a building information modeling (BIM) component in new construction projects. Although there has been a significant increase in industry-wide acceptance of BIM, it is still not a standard practice in the educational facility sector. This research aimed at exploring the use of BIM in educational facility projects by the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) disciplines. A survey that investigated BIM adoption at the company level, BIM implementation in projects, benefits of using BIM, and obstacles to using BIM was distributed to architects, site engineers, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, and contractors across the United States. The survey results showed that a majority of the respondents from all five disciplines used BIM. BIM was most commonly used for 3D visualization, automation of documentation, and clash detection. The most important benefits of BIM included better marketing and clearer understanding of projects which is crucial for clients such as school students, teachers, and principals. Lack of expertise and need for training seemed to be main obstacles to BIM use. The research contributes to the body of knowledge by showing prevalence of BIM use on educational facility projects and indicating how BIM could help improve collaborative knowledge sharing among designers, contractors, and clients, resulting in better quality educational buildings. These research findings can be used to assist AEC companies that are interested in implementing BIM in the educational facility projects.
Playing with Words: The Experience of Self-disclosure in Intergenerational Gaming

While small and large technological miracles have undoubtedly made our lives easier, they have potentially also made a significant part of our daily social routine obsolete. People live in the same space but rarely spend quality time together, interacting and bonding. One of the solutions to enhance family relationships may lie in the technology itself—video games. Previous research having shown the sociability of video games, and in this study, we examined their potential in creating closer family relationships, especially among different generations. Participants (n = 183) were asked to play video games together over a period of six weeks. Participants completed a modified version of the self-disclosure and relationship closeness inventories before and after the treatment and responded to a series of open-ended questions post-treatment. Results indicate an increase in breadth and depth of self-disclosure, and in relationship closeness in both younger and older adults. Gathering around a novel shared activity, both younger and older adults found new ways of connecting to their family members, whether through more frequent conversations, broader selection of topics, shared subjects, or pure entertainment. The findings suggest that video games can provide a platform for family communication, resulting in the rejuvenation and maintenance of intergenerational relationships.
Evaluation of morpho-physiological traits and contaminant accumulation ability in Lemna minor L. treated with increasing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations under laboratory conditions.

There is increasing concern about the effects of releasing emerging contaminants (i.e. endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal-care products and flame retardants) into the environment. Particular attention is being paid to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because of their persistence and bioaccumulation, especially in the aquatic environment. In this paper, we present results of a study aimed at evaluating the effects of different perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations (2, 20 and 200 μg/L) on morpho-physiological traits in Lemna minor L. plants. The accumulation of PFOA in the plant's tissues was also monitored. L. minor was selected as a model plant for ecotoxicological studies, and we performed a seven-day assay for this investigation. The results highlight the lack of inhibitory effects on biometric parameters such as mean frond area, total frond number, multiplication rate, doubling time of frond number and average specific growth rate, for each of tested PFOA concentrations. Also, at photosynthetic level, physiological measurements showed that chlorophyll content and electron transport rate (ETR) were not affected by the exposure to PFOA. Remarkably, the chlorophyll fluorescence images, used for the first time in a study on PFOA, evidenced no impairment to the photosynthetic efficiency, measured by the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) over the leaf surface of PFOA-treated plants, in comparison to control. Quantification of PFOA in the growth medium at the end of the seven-day test revealed no statistically different concentrations in plates with or without L. minor plants. We detected increasing PFOA accumulation in plant tissues, in accordance with the PFOA concentrations in the medium. Therefore, the L. minor plants were capable of taking up and accumulating PFOA. The ecological impact of the environmentally relevant PFOA concentrations tested in this work on biological organisms of the aquatic environment is discussed.
Book Review: Contractarians, Communitarians and Agnostics

This is a review of the Special Issue on the Corporate Stakeholder Debate: The Classical Theory and Its Critics, 43 AM. J. COMP. L. 150 (1995). While I find all of the contributions to the symposium thoughtful and provocative, I ultimately found the arguments weakened by their lack of empirical support. For so many of the questions posed in the symposium, the empirical data needed to furnish answers was either absent or conflicting. This deficiency left the articles seeming artificial: elegant theories floating without an anchor. I finished the symposium neither a converted contractarian nor communitarian, but an agnostic – feeling confident that, if nothing else, there is simply too much we don’t know, and that the choice in the stakeholder debate is less about which theory is right, and more about which values one brings to the debate.
First Amendment (Un)Exceptionalism: A Comparative Taxonomy of Campaign Finance Reform Proposals in the US and UK

There is an urgent conversation happening among the world’s democracies about how to respond to the combined threat of online electioneering and foreign interference in domestic elections. Despite the shadow such activities cast over the 2016 presidential election in the United States, the US has been largely absent from comparative discussions about how to tackle the problem. This is not just because of a recalcitrant president. The assumption that America’s “First Amendment Exceptionalism” – the idea that American freedom of expression law is simply too much of an outlier to warrant useful comparative consideration – is strong on both sides of the Atlantic. This is especially true in regard to the regulation of political campaigns. This article challenges that assumption, and argues that America’s more libertarian approach to the legal regulation of political speech does not pose a barrier to fruitful comparative work in this area. It does so by comparing the law of the US to that of the UK. Specifically, it organizes reform proposals being considered in the US and UK into a common taxonomy, and sets out the legal standard governing each type of proposal in each country. Considering each country’s law through this organizational structure allows us to see that the legal differences between the US and UK, while significant, rarely bar the types of changes being considered in either nation. Indeed, the two countries have much to learn from each other’s efforts in this area, and lawmakers, regulators, and scholars should not hesitate to engage with the experiences of their transatlantic peers. In reaching this conclusion, the paper makes three distinct contributions. First, by clustering reform proposals into a taxonomy, it provides a structure for comparative work that will be useful not just in the US and UK, but in all countries working to bring their election laws fully into the internet era. Second, by providing an in-depth yet accessible guide to the legal structures undergirding election law in the US and UK, it provides a useful tool for scholars attempting to understand these systems. The US system in particular is often quickly dismissed by other nations, but without a deeper understanding of how and why US law has ended up as it has those nations risk inadvertently following in its footsteps. Finally, it identifies several concrete areas where the US and UK can benefit from each other’s expertise, thereby providing a roadmap for regulators, lawmakers, and reform advocates in both countries.
Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair With an ITB-Sparing Versus ITB-Splitting Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background:During hip endoscopy, the iliotibial band (ITB) can be split or preserved to access the peritrochanteric workspace. To our knowledge, no comparative studies have been performed to analyz...
Multilingual Analysis of the Quality and Readability of Online Health Information on the Adverse Effects of Breast Cancer Treatments

This quality improvement study assesses the quality and readability of online health information that patients may encounter when seeking information on adverse effects of breast cancer treatment.
Re/Writing Gendered Scripts: A Longitudinal Research Partnership Reshaping Gender and Education Policy and Praxis in Zanzibar, Tanzania

There is a long-held claim in Zanzibar, Tanzania, that girls fail and drop out of secondary school at higher rates than boys. This commonly held belief, or gendered social script, has been reproduced in reports and policies authored by international and government institutions. This chapter investigates why Zanzibari girls are portrayed as falling behind boys despite current data that invalidates this claim. Since 2007, the author has been tracking over 1,145 youth from first grade through secondary school with her colleagues from Zanzibar’s Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT). Together they have analyzed when and why youth leave school and the process of being pushed or pulled of their education. This chapter follows the researchers’ journey from uncovering faulty assumptions to engaging youth as agents in popular theater performances and in re/writing of gendered social scripts. The research urges policymakers to consider girls’ and boys’ narratives on who is leaving school and why.
A Stub Equalizer for Bidirectional and Single-Ended Channels in NAND Memory Storage Device Systems

In memory devices, such as solid-state drive, multitopology is used for interfaces where multiple memory packages are connected to a controller using a branched transmission line. Impedance mismatching caused by the branches and unwanted reflection from deactivated packages inevitably degrades signal quality, limiting the data rate of the interface. In this article, a simple stub equalizer is proposed to improve the data rate of the memory interface. An open-ended stub is placed between a transmitter and a receiver, and the length, impedance, and location of the stub line are determined to properly cancel the reflection from other branches. Parameters are optimized based on the peak distortion analysis and an exhaustive search considering both read and write modes. The improvements are validated through eye-diagram simulations.
The Language of Immigration Coverage: The Arizona Republic and Media’s Role in the Production of Social Illegality:

Recently, several mainstream media organizations have moved away from using “illegal immigrant” in their immigration coverage. While this shift in immigration coverage is positive, seemingly positi...
Serial heart rate variability testing for the evaluation of autonomic dysfunction after stroke.

Background and Purpose : Autonomic dysfunction has been described as a frequent complication of stroke that could involve the cardiac, respiratory, sudomotor, and sexual systems. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction after stroke is one of the most recognized and has been described to increase the rate of mortality and morbidity. Methods : We report 2 cases of stroke—one hemorrhagic and one ischemic—and describe heart rate variability during the patients’ hospitalizations with improvement reported for each patient several days after stroke onset. Results : The first case demonstrated autonomic dysfunction with severe reduction of HRV after a right parietal hemorrhagic stroke. The second case demonstrated similar findings in a patient with acute ischemic stroke. In both cases, normalization of heart rate variability occurred several weeks after stroke symptoms onset and was paralleled by a dramatic improvement of the clinical status. Conclusion : Our data established that serial HRV testing is a non-invasive tool that could be utilized as a marker to evaluate the dynamics of acute stroke.