cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A review of conduction aphasia.

In this paper, a historical overview of the interpretation of conduction aphasia is initially presented. It is emphasized that the name conduction aphasia was proposed by Wernicke and was interpreted as a disconnection between the temporal and frontal brain language areas; this interpretation was re-taken by Geschwind, attributing the arcuate fasciculus the main role in speech repetition disturbances and resulting in the so-called Wernicke-Geschwind model of language. With the introduction of contemporary neuroimaging techniques, this interpretation of conduction aphasia as a disconnection syndrome due to an impairment of the arcuate fasciculus has been challenged. It has been disclosed that the arcuate fasciculus does not really connect Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas, but Wernicke’s and motor/premotor frontal areas. Furthermore, conduction aphasia can be found in cases of cortical damage without subcortical extension. It is concluded that conduction aphasia remains a controversial topic not only from the theoretic point of view, but also from the understanding of its neurologic foundations.
Genes associated with membrane-initiated signaling of estrogen and energy homeostasis.

During the reproductive cycle, fluctuations in circulating estrogens affect multiple homeostatic systems controlled by hypothalamic neurons. Two of these neuronal populations are arcuate proopiomelanocortin and neuropeptide Y neurons, which control energy homeostasis and feeding. Estradiol modulates these neurons either through the classical estrogen receptors (ERs) to control gene transcription or through a G protein-coupled receptor (mER) activating multiple signaling pathways. To differentiate between these two divergent ER-mediated mechanisms and their effects on homeostasis, female guinea pigs were ovariectomized and treated systemically with vehicle, estradiol benzoate (EB) or STX, a selectivemERagonist,for4wk,starting7dafterovariectomy. Individual body weights were measured after each injection day for 28 d, at which time the animals were euthanized, and the arcuate nucleus was microdissected. As predicted, the body weight gain was significantly lower for EB-treated females after d 5 and for STX-treated females after d 12 compared with vehicle-treated females. Total arcuate RNA was extracted from all groups, but only the vehicle and STXtreated samples were prepared for gene microarray analysis using a custom guinea pig gene microarray. In the arcuate nucleus, 241 identified genes were significantly regulated by STX, several of which were confirmed by quantitative realtime PCR and compared with EB-treated groups. The lower weight gain of EB-treated and STX-treated females suggests that estradiol controls energy homeostasis through both ER and mER-mediated mechanisms. Genes regulated by STX indicate that not only does it control neuronal excitability but also alters gene transcription via signal transduction cascades initiated from mER activation. (Endocrinology 149: 6113–6124, 2008)
CRYOMYOLYSIS, A NEW PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF UTERINE FIBROIDS

Conservative surgical options for uterine myomata traditionally were abdominal myomectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and, more recently, myolysis. Each of these procedures has distinct advantages, but also apparent disadvantages. We attempted to introduce an additional option for conservative surgical treatment of fibroids by freezing the structures, a procedure termed cryomyolysis. In this pilot study, 14 women were pretreated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for a minimum of 2 months preoperatively to minimize uterine and myoma size. Cryomyolysis was performed and the GnRH agonist was discontinued. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed in 10 of the 14 women after GnRH agonist treatment but before surgery, and 4 months postoperatively. Total uterine volume ranged from 41.3 to 1134.8 ml preoperatively, and 49.5 to 1320 ml postoperatively (mean increase 22% after discontinuation of GnRH agonist). Normal uterine volume ranged from 35.6 to 548.7 ml preoperatively and 45.1 to 729.6 ml postoperatively (mean increase 40%); however, myoma volume showed a mean decrease of 6% (range -87-28%). Analysis of only frozen myomata revealed a mean volume decrease of 10%. Cryomyolysis maintains at or slightly reduces these lesions to post-GnRH agonist size, and all other uterine tissue returns to pretreatment size. We believe cryomyolysis may be an effective conservative surgical approach to uterine fibroids.
Minimal Antibiotic Concentrations of Aminoglycosides and β-Lactam Antibiotics for Some Gram-Negative Bacilli and Gram-Positive Cocci

The minimal antibiotic concentration (MAC) is the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent that produces a decrease of 1 log in the number of organisms/ml as compared with a control culture in drug-free medium. Various gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci were grown in the presence of amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and cefamandole at concentrations varying from eight times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to 1/128 of the MIC. Colony forming units (cfu) were counted, the MIC was determined, and the MIC:MAC ratio, which indicates the magnitude of the effective range, was calculated. The MIC:MAC ratio appears to be characteristic for a given species and antibiotic. There is no relation between the MICs and the MIC:MAC ratios. The highest ratios were given by Proteus mirabilis with aminoglycosides (MIC:MAC mean, 29.2 with tobramycin), and the lowest ratios were given with beta-lactam antibiotics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis (MIC:MAC means, 2.1 with carbenicillin and cefamandole, respectively).
Ensuring Quality in the Treatment of Chemical Dependency

The field of chemical dependency treatment has evolved rapidly over the past ten years as managed care principles have influenced the delivery of behavioral health services. There have been substantial shifts in the utilization of treatment modalities for persons with drug and alcohol dependence; for example, the use of intensive outpatient and partial hospitalization treatment services have increased, while the use of hospital-based inpatient rehabilitative care has decreased. Two factors have driven this service utilization shift: (1) our ability to measure treatment effectiveness, and (2) our ability to measure cost-effectiveness.
The physiology of copper tolerance in fathead minnows: insight from an intraspecific, correlative analysis.

Exposure to a sublethal (150 μg/L) concentration of copper (Cu) can reduce the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of some fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The reduction is not consistent from one individual to the next, however, as some individuals experience dramatic reductions, while others maintain performance at preexposure levels. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether fish that experienced dramatic reductions in Ucrit were physiologically different from more resistant individuals. Individual variation in gill Na+-K+ activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity was not significantly associated with variation reduction in Ucrit. Whole-body Cu was significantly related to reduction in Ucrit, and the relationship was surprisingly negative with the greatest reductions in Ucrit occurring in the fish with the lowest whole-body Cu concentrations. Whole-body Na+ was also significantly related to reduction in Ucrit, as the fish with the greatest whole-body Na+ experienced the smallest reduction in Ucrit. Fathead minnows are differentially susceptible to sublethal concentrations of Cu; this difference appears to be related to Na+ ionoregulation as well as the capacity of the fish to accumulate Cu.
Real-time modeling and prediction of physiological hand tremor

This paper provides results of our investigation of adaptive algorithms for real-time modeling and prediction of physiological tremor signals. The goal of the investigation is to find effective methods which are suitable for small embedded systems used in real-time signal processing of physiological hand tremor. Our investigation shows that physiological hand tremor can be represented with an AR(3) process. Based on this fact, it is possible to identify the model of the physiological hand tremor with simple adaptive algorithms. On the other hand an adaptive linear predictor can also be realized, based on the same adaptive algorithms, which is significant for the suppression of physiological hand tremor in hand-held tools.
Plant phloem sterol content: forms, putative functions, and implications for phloem-feeding insects.

All eukaryotes contain sterols, which serve as structural components in cell membranes, and as precursors for important hormones. Plant vegetative tissues are known to contain mixtures of sterols, but very little is known about the sterol composition of phloem. Plants are food for many animals, but plant-feeding arthropods (including phloem-feeding insets) are unique among animals in that they have lost the ability to synthesize sterols, and must therefore acquire these essential nutrients from their food, or via endosymbionts. Our paper starts by providing a very brief overview of variation in plant sterol content, and how different sterols can affect insect herbivores, including those specializing on phloem. We then describe an experiment, where we bulk collected phloem sap exudate from bean and tobacco, and analyzed its sterol content. This approach revealed two significant observations concerning phloem sterols. First, the phloem exudate from each plant was found to contain sterols in three different fractions – free sterols, sterols conjugated to lipids (acylated), and sterols conjugated to carbohydrates (glycosylated). Second, for both plants, cholesterol was identified as the dominant sterol in each phloem exudate fraction; the remaining sterol in the fraction was a mixture of common phytosterols. We discuss our phloem exudate sterol profiles in a plant physiology/biochemistry context, and how it relates to the nutritional physiology/ecology of phloem-feeding insects. We close by proposing important next steps that will advance our knowledge concerning plant phloem sterol biology, and how phloem-sterol content might affect phloem-feeding insects.
Assessing Readiness for Couple Therapy: The Stages of Relationship Change Questionnaire

Client readiness for change is garnering increased interest both conceptually and methodologically. This article describes the reliability, validity, and utility of a measure of readiness for couple relationship change, Schneider's (2003) Stages of Relationship Change Questionnaire (SRCQ). Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change, the instrument measures change along nine domains of marital functioning. Results indicate that this one-factor instrument may reliably measure readiness for change and discriminate between various stages of change. Most in this sample (n = 406) were in early stages of change, with men more often in the stage of precontemplation and women more often in contemplation. The SRCQ can be completed and scored in under 10 min. Clinical use and research implications are discussed.
The Opi1p transcription factor affects expression of FLO11, mat formation, and invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mat formation in the bakers' yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a surface-associated phenomenon in which yeast cells spread over the surface of a low-density agar petri plate as a complex film. This spreading growth occurs by sliding motility and is dependent on the adhesion protein (adhesin) Flo11p. In order to identify molecular pathways that govern mat formation, whole-genome transcriptional profiling was used to compare cells growing as a mat to cells growing in a suspension culture (planktonic cells). This analysis revealed that S. cerevisiae upregulates a subset of genes in response to growth on a surface. These genes included the INO1 gene, which encodes the myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, which carries out the rate-limiting step in inositol biosynthesis. Further inquiry revealed that a transcription factor that controls INO1 expression, called Opi1p, participates in the regulation of mat formation. Opi1p appears to modulate mat formation by influencing the expression of FLO11. The opi1Δ mutant was found to exhibit reduced FLO11 levels. Consequently, the opi1Δ mutant perturbs the FLO11-dependent phenotype of invasive growth. The opi1Δ mutant's defects in mat formation and invasive growth are dependent on the transcriptional activator Ino2p. These results indicate that Opi1p affects mat formation and invasive growth by participating in the regulation of FLO11.
Learning the neuron functions within a neural network via Genetic Programming: Applications to geophysics and hydrogeology

A neural network classifier is sought. Classical neural network neurons are aggregations of a weight multiplied by an input value and then controlled via an activation function. This paper learns everything within the neuron using a variant of Genetic Programming called Gene Expression Programming. That is, this paper does not explicitly use weights or activation functions within a neuron, nor bias nodes within a layer. Promising preliminary results are reported for a study of the detection of underground caves (a 1 class problem) and for a study of the interaction of water and minerals near a glacier in the Arctic (a 5 class problem).
Innovative administration supports innovative education

Louisiana Tech Universitypsilas College of Engineering and Science has over ten years experience operating under an innovative multidisciplinary administrative structure which has created a supportive environment for numerous education reform initiatives. The traditional departmental structure was dismantled in favor of a much more flexible approach which has helped remove barriers between departments and promoted collaboration between engineering and science programs. The new administrative structure relies heavily on multidisciplinary teams and has been a key factor in the successful establishment of our first integrated engineering curriculum in 1997, followed by our integrated science curriculum in 2002. Other innovations implemented since that time include the first undergraduate nanosystems engineering degree program in the US; multidisciplinary design courses which include engineering, business, and technical writing students; a freshman enrichment program; the living with the lab curriculum (the most recent version of our integrated engineering curriculum); and a program whereby engineering and science majors complete the master of arts in teaching and become certified K-12 teachers. The college currently has $3.5 million in NSF funding for STEM projects. Much of the lasting success of these education reform efforts can be attributed to the supportive, interdisciplinary approaches the college uses in all of its core functions, including undergraduate education, research, and graduate education.
Excellence in oncologic care: passion, priority, and performance.

Clinicians in academic medicine appreciate the paramount importance of science. Academic institutions achieve national ranking primarily based on grant funding and science. The true power of discovery is translation of science to better medical care and enhancement of society as a whole. That said, the fundamental patient–health care provider relationship was, is, and will remain the heart and soul of the American health care system. This relationship must prevail to fully realize scientific discovery. Those who push the frontiers of science are noble. Those who work tirelessly in service to their patients, who go the extra mile, are special. Bringing the “noble” and “special” together makes for an unbeatable team. In broad terms, optimal patient care requires excellence in 3 key areas: (1) personal qualities, (2) awareness of patient needs and desires, and (3) a well-functioning clinical delivery system.
Genetic Influences on Aortic Root Size in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study

Aortic root dilatation is a major pathophysiological mechanism for aortic regurgitation and predisposes the aortic root to dissection or rupture. However, only a small proportion of the variance of aortic root size can be explained by its known clinical and demographic correlates. The present study was undertaken to determine the heritability of echocardiographically derived aortic root diameter in the American Indian participants in the second Strong Heart Study examination. Echocardiograms were analyzed in 1373 SHS participants who had ≥1 family member in the cohort. Heritability calculations were performed by using variance component analysis as implemented in SOLAR, a computer analysis program. In a polygenic model, the variables entered and identified as covariates of larger aortic root diameter were older age, male sex, and center (P<0.001), which accounted for 35% of the overall variability of aortic root diameter. After simultaneous adjustment was made for these significant covariates, the proport...
The 2nd Generation Intel Core Processor. Architectural Features Supporting HPC

In this paper we take a look at what the 2nd generation Intel Core processor brings to high performance computing. We compare three generations of Intel CPU based systems and present a performance assessment of these three platforms. We compare three families of Intel CPU based systems utilizing a single socket platform across a number of HPC benchmarks and micro codes focused on different performance criteria, compare the results and discuss the implications for HPC.
The β3-adrenergic receptor TRP64ARG polymorphism and obesity in Alaskan Eskimos

OBJECTIVE: A polymorphism in the bb3-adrenergic receptor (b3-AR) has been described and consists of an amino acid substitution at position 64 where tryptophan is replaced by arginine (Arg allele). This polymorphism appears to be a modest contributor to obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and may be dependent on gender, gene dosage, ethnic background and environmental factors. We have investigated whether the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the bb3-AR was associated with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure or the presence of NIDDM in Alaskan Eskimos. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and fifty four Alaskan Eskimos from two distinct villages (Inupiaq and Yupik). MEASUREMENTS: bb3-AR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion. RESULTS: The frequency of the Arg allele in Alaskan Eskimos was 0.38 and represents the highest Arg allele frequency in any population reported to date. 13.8% of the population were homozygous for the Arg allele, 47.6% heterozygous, and 38.6% lacked the Arg allele. However, the Arg allele was not associated with BMI, blood pressure or the presence of NIDDM in Alaskan Eskimos. CONCLUSION: These data do not support a significant role for the b3-AR Arg allele as a marker for obesity (as measured by BMI) or the presence of NIDDM in Alaskan Eskimos. It is possible that other phenotypic variables, not yet available for analysis in this population, may be associated with the presence of the Arg allele.
Causes of River Avulsion: Insights from the Late Holocene Avulsion History of the Mississippi River, U.S.A.

Abstract The emphasis on gradient advantages in studies of avulsion is misleading. While gradient advantages are necessary for an avulsion to occur, the late Holocene avulsion history of the Mississippi River in Louisiana suggests that factors such as substrate composition and floodplain channel distributions are more important. Cross-valley to down-valley slope ratios of the modern floodplain range from 16 to 110 and are typically > 30. The slope ratio is 35 at the location of the Mississippi–Atchafalaya diversion (Old River) yet slope ratios are 83 to 110 immediately upvalley of Old River. All values of Mississippi River floodplain slope ratios are significantly larger than values of avulsion threshold calculated by numerical models. Shallow floodplain cores, 14C dating of organic remains, and geologic mapping show that the Mississippi River has avulsed only four times over the past 5 ky in the southern Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV). Gradient advantages are widespread, yet avulsions are rare. These observations indicate that factors other than gradient advantage control Mississippi River avulsion. Several examples of Mississippi and Red River avulsion by channel reoccupation support the idea that channel distributions and substrate compositions are primary influences on avulsion. Incipient Mississippi River avulsion and development of the Atchafalaya River involved reoccupation of abandoned Mississippi River channels and a Red River crevasse-splay complex. The modern Atchafalaya River also incises buried Mississippi River channel-belt sands. Abandoned channel belts and crevasse-splay complexes consist of sandy substrates that facilitate scour and the development of channels capable of capturing the Mississippi River. Abandoned channels provide ready-made conduits for Mississippi River flow that can efficiently develop into avulsive channels. Multi-storied sheet sandstones in ancient fluvial deposits may provide additional support for the idea that erodible substrates and floodplain channel distributions are critical influences on avulsion. These features record episodic reoccupation of channel belts, which at least in some cases, may simply reflect successive avulsions rather than major changes in aggradation rate or extrabasinal factors such as climate.
Coordinated training of noise removing networks

When a recognition system designed with a noise-free speech signal is deployed in the real world, it experiences severe degradation due to environmental acoustic ambient noise. An enhancement technique based on a noise removing network (NRN) which has recurrent connections is proposed. This NRN is trained in coordination with a time delay neural network (TDNN) which has been trained for noise-free speech recognition tasks. The proposed enhancement technique has favorable performance for white/colored Gaussian noisy speech when compared with the NRN without coordinated training and the classical linear Wiener filtering methods. >
Bis[(1,2,5,6‐h)‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene] rhodium(1+), Hexafluoroantimonate(1−)

[130296-28-5] C16H24F6RhSb (MW 555.02) InChI = 1S/2C8H12.6FH.Rh.Sb/c2*1-2-4-6-8-7-5-3-1;;;;;;;;/h2*1-2,7-8H,3-6H2;6*1H;;/q;;;;;;;;+1;+5/p-6/b2*2-1-,8-7-;;;;;;;; InChIKey = BROZUPPJWNODCU-SXGOCSEPSA-H (catalyst precursor for enantioselective hydrogenation, enantioselective cyclization/hydrosilylation of 1,6-enynes, and [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-enynes with alkynes) Alternate Name: 1,5-cyclooctadiene, rhodium complex; antimonate(1−), hexafluoro-, (OC-6-11)-, bis[(1,2,5,6-η)-1,5-cyclooctadiene]rhodium(1+) (9CI); bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(1+) hexafluoroantimonate; bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(1+) hexafluoroantimonate(1−); bis(cyclooctadiene)rhodium hexafluoroantimonate. Form Supplied in: brown crystals, commercially available. Preparative Methods: can be prepared by reaction of [{Rh(cod)2Cl}]2 with an excess of AgSbF6 in dichloromethane for 1 h. The product mixture is then reduced in volume and precipitation is induced by addition of diethyl ether.1 Purification: recrystallization from CH2Cl2 and ether. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: The catalyst, although air stable, is sensitive to water and appropriate precautions in storage should be taken to ensure optimal catalytic activity. The toxicological effects of this chemical have not been thoroughly tested and therefore unknown health risks may exist. Standard good laboratory practices should be used when working with this reagent.
Minilaparoscopy with Interchangeable, Full 5-mm End Effectors: First Human Use of a New Minimally Invasive Operating Platform.

Abstract Background: The most common paradigm in minimally invasive surgery is entry of a single trocar through separate incisions in the abdomen. However, in an effort to decrease postoperative pain and minimize scarring, alternative techniques have been described. Needlescopic surgery uses instruments that are 3 mm or less in diameter. Prior uses of needlescopic instruments have been hindered somewhat by diminished shaft strength and small end-effector size. The Percuvance™ (Teleflex, Wayne, PA) system uses a 2.9-mm shaft with interchangeable 5-mm end effectors in order to minimize abdominal wall trauma while maintaining the functionality of traditional laparoscopic instruments. Materials and Methods: All patients evaluated for laparoscopic surgery by two surgeons with a foregut and general surgery practice at the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, OH) were included in the study. Fifteen consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. Patient demographics and operative results were reviewed. Results: In Marc...
Wave–vortex decomposition of one-dimensional ship track data

We present a simple two-step method by which one-dimensional spectra of horizontal velocity and buoyancy measured along a ship track can be decomposed into a wave component consisting of inertia–gravity waves and a vortex component consisting of a horizontal flow in geostrophic balance. The method requires certain assumptions for the data regarding stationarity, homogeneity, and horizontal isotropy. In the first step an exact Helmholtz decomposition of the horizontal velocity spectra into rotational and divergent components is performed and in the second step an energy equipartition property of hydrostatic inertia–gravity waves is exploited that allows a diagnosis of the wave energy spectrum solely from the observed horizontal velocities. The observed buoyancy spectrum can then be used to compute the residual vortex energy spectrum. Further wave–vortex decompositions of the observed fields are possible if additional information about the frequency content of the waves is available. We illustrate the method on two recent oceanic data sets from the North Pacific and the Gulf Stream. Notably, both steps in our new method might be of broader use in the theoretical and observational study of atmosphere and ocean fluid dynamics.
The Formation of Echinocytes by the Insertion of Oxygenated Sterol Compounds Into Red Cell Membranes

Abstract Human red cells incubated with oxygenated sterol compounds (OSC) at a concentration of 2.5 × 10−5M in medium containing lipoprotein-depleted serum become echinocytic. The formation of echinocytes by OSC is impeded by low temperature, replacement of lipoprotein-depleted serum by bovine serum albumin, or lipoprotein-containing serum, but not by the presence of free cholesterol. Echinocyte formation is apparent within 2 min of exposure of red cells to OSC, reaches a peak at 5–150 min, and declines to a nadir at 2–8 hr. This reversal to normal shape is followed by a second phase of echinocyte formation, with the percentage of abnormally shaped red blood cells increasing progressively over the next 40 hr. Following a 24-hr incubation with OSC, the oxysterols can be detected in approximately equal amounts in extracts of whole red cells or red-cell stroma. The proportion of OSC in the incubation mixture inserted into erythrocyte membranes ranges from 2.4% in the case of 25-hydroxycholesterol to 36% for 7β-hydroxycholesterol. A non-echinocyte-forming OSC such as 20α-hydroxycholesterol enters red cell membranes with an efficiency equal to or greater than that of potent echinocyte-forming OSC. Virtually all OSC membrane insertion occurs within 1 hr of red cell exposure, and the amount of membrane-inserted OSC remains constant over the next 23 hr. OSC insertion into red cell membranes is impeded by the presence of lipoproteins, but not by the presence of free cholesterol. We postulate that the early formation of echinocytes by membrane-inserted OSC is a consequence of asymmetric expansion of the outer lamella of the red-cell membrane lipid bilayer due to the presence of bulky hydrophilic groups on sterol molecules inserted within the hydrophobic environment of the membrane hydrocarbon chains. Early disappearance of echinocytes may be a consequence of the “flip-flop” and equilibrium redistribution of membrane-inserted OSC between the outer and inner membrane halves. OSC may be involved in red cell echinocyte formation in certain human diseases.
pH stability of St. Louis encephalitis virus.

Summary and ConclusionsFrom the data presented here it would appear that the hydrogen ion concentration at which St. Louis encephalitis virus is most stable is similar to that reported for the virus of Japanese B encephalitis. The former was found, by titration in mice, to be most stable at a pH value near 8.8. The virus of St. Louis encephalitis could still be detected after 3 weeks at pH 8.4 and pH 8.8 but not at higher or lower pH values.
A Global, Neutral Platform for Sharing Trial Data

Brigham and Women's Hospital–Harvard University's Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center, along with partners, is designing a platform to link existing data-sharing platforms and communities and host data from investigators who want to share data but lack the resources to do so.
Comparative effects of methyl- and ethylnitrosourea on DNA directing cell-free DNA-dependent synthesis of beta-galactosidase.

An in vitro DNA-directed system for synthesis of β-galactosidase was used to study the effects of methylnitrosourea (MNU) and ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on function of the DNA template. Both MNU and ENU inhibited formation of β-galactosidase activity when added to the complete system at the beginning of incubation; this inhibition increased with increasing concentrations of either MNU or ENU. When template DNA was exposed to MNU or ENU before use in the protein synthesis system, β-galactosidase synthesis was greatly reduced. Under comparable conditions, MNU was more inhibitory than ENU. Incubation of DNA with MNU or ENU resulted in DNA alkylation, which increased linearly with the concentration of nitrosourea over the range 0-1% alkylated nucleotides. MNU was shown to act both as an alkylating agent and, presumably via its degradation product NCO - , as a carbamoylating agent, but alkylation was far more extensive than carbamoylation after 10 min at 37°C and pH 8.0. The degree of inhibition of β-galactosidase synthesis was directly related to the extent of total alkylation, irrespective of whether MNU or ENU was allowed to react with template DNA. No difference in genotoxicity between these two agents was observed which could be ascribed to differences in sites of alkylation. Carbamoylation of DNA by exposure to KNCO did not inhibit synthesis of β-galactosidase, although KNCO was highly inhibitory when added to the complete system.
Raw soybeans for gestating swine.

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of feeding ground raw soybeans to swine during gestation on reproductive performance for three consecutive parities. Sixty crossbred gilts were bred and randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with 30 gilts/treatment. The diets were formulated to contain 14% crude protein with either soybean meal (SBM) or raw soybeans (RSB) serving as the source of supplemental protein. All animals were fed in individual gestation stalls and were given 1.81 kg of feed/d. Upon entering the farrowing house at approximately 110 d of gestation, all animals, regardless of previous treatment, were fed the same lactation diet (15% protein corn-soybean meal diet) until the pigs were weaned (28 d). After completing three parities, 88 of a possible 90 litters were farrowed by each dietary group. Total number of live pigs at parturition and 21 d for three parities were: (SBM) 887, 732 and (RSB) 924, 765, respectively. Average pig birth and 21-d weights for each dietary group were (SBM) 1.52, 5.42 and (RSB) 1.59, 5.41 kg, respectively. Pigs from dams fed RSB had higher average pig birth weights (P less than .05), but weaning weights were not affected. There were no significant differences in maternal weight changes during gestation. Milk samples were collected within 6 h after parturition, 3 and 14 d of lactation. Percentage milk fat for each time period was: (SBM) 5.6, 9.0, 7.0 and (RSB) 6.3, 10.7, 6.5, respectively. Sows fed RSB had a higher milk fat at 3 d (P less than .05) but a lower milk fat at 14 d (P less than .1) than did the sows fed SBM. The study indicated RSB can be effectively utilized in gestation diets fed to swine.
Novel Diarylheptanoids and Metabolism and Bioavailablity of Curcumin

Abstract There has been considerable interest in diarylhepatanoids (1,7-diphenylheptane skeleton) for their potential role in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, including cancer. In the quest for novel diarylheptanoids, a large number of diarylheptanoids have been identified from Alpinia species of the Zingiberaceae family. Curcumin, a representative diarylheptanoid from Curcuma longa , possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. Despite its promising safety profile and therapeutic potential for many devastating diseases, clinical application of curcumin is limited due to its metabolic instability and poor systemic bioavailability. A number of approaches have been undertaken, including encapsulated exosomes and nanoparticles, to deliver curcumin to target sites with enhanced bioavailability. Nonenzymatic degradation and oxidative transformation of curcumin may have roles in mediating some of the biological activities, including its cancer chemoprevention activity.
Mathematical and Statistical Concepts in Data Analysis

Proceeding from a well-defined and visualized dataset to a usable model requires a series of steps, beginning with an understanding of a few linear algebra concepts. Once again, it isn’t necessary to be able to perform the steps manually, but it is essential to understand the concepts in order to implement the computer methods appropriately. Refining the dataset, selecting variables, and correcting non-normality and collinearity then allow developing hypotheses, with a mind toward the conditional probabilities that are inherent.
Broadening Horizons: New Antibodies Against Influenza

Seasonal influenza vaccine formulation efforts struggle to keep up with viral antigenic variation. Two studies now report engineered or naturally occurring human antibodies targeting the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem, with exceptional neutralizing breadth (Joyce et al., 2016; Kallewaard et al., 2016). Antibodies with similar structural features are elicited in multiple subjects, suggesting that modified vaccine regimens could provide broad protection.
Chemical modification of extracellular matrix by cold atmospheric plasma-generated reactive species affects chondrogenesis and bone formation.

The goal of this study was to investigate whether cold plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) modifies extracellular matrices (ECM) to influence chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Replacement of cartilage by bone during endochondral ossification is essential in fetal skeletal development, bone growth and fracture healing. Regulation of this process by the ECM occurs through matrix remodelling, involving a variety of cell attachment molecules and growth factors, which influence cell morphology and protein expression. The commercially available ECM, Matrigel, was treated with microsecond or nanosecond pulsed (μsp or nsp, respectively) DBD frequencies conditions at the equivalent frequencies (1 kHz) or power (~1 W). Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 was added and the mixture subcutaneously injected into mice to simulate ectopic endochondral ossification. Two weeks later, the masses were extracted and analysed by microcomputed tomography. A significant increase in bone formation was observed in Matrigel treated with μsp DBD compared with control, while a significant decrease in bone formation was observed for both nsp treatments. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed Matrigel treated with μsp plasma increased the number of invading cells, the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor and chondrogenesis while the opposite was true for Matrigel treated with nsp plasma. In support of the in vivo Matrigel study, 10 T1/2 cells cultured in vitro on μsp DBD-treated type I collagen showed increased expression of adhesion proteins and activation of survival pathways, which decreased with nsp plasma treatments. These results indicate DBD modification of ECM can influence cellular behaviours to accelerate or inhibit chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Seed Soybean Treatments on Seed Emergence and Yield

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate soybean seed treatments on disease pressure. There have been experimental plots for seed treatment evaluation at the McNay Research Farm for the last three years. The McNay farm was selected for seed treatment experimental plots because it exhibited a high level of phytophthora damping off the spring of 1999. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different seed treatments on seedling diseases under high disease pressure as expressed by stand establishment, plant vigor, and harvest yield.
An Anonymous Referee Report

This is a combined experimental and theoretical study of the compound UO2, UO2(NO3)2(H20)6 and UO0.75Pu0.25O2, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RXIS), high resolution x-ray absorption (XAS) and LDA and LDA-U calculations.
Development Support for Specifying and Monitoring Goals of Open Business Processes

Business processes are increasingly complex and open because they rely on services that are distributed geographically and across organizations. As a result, they are prone to several points of failure. Monitoring, therefore, remains an important concern. We describe services monitoring support that integrates monitoring into common development activities. A flexible monitoring toolkit, REQMON, is the basis of the support. SERMON extends REQMON to support commitment-based property specification, which simplifies monitoring of open services. We show how to develop and apply such specialized monitoring as part of the best practices of development.
Outcomes of an inpatient refeeding protocol in youth with anorexia nervosa: Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego/University of California, San Diego

Current guidelines for nutritional rehabilitation in hospitalized restrictive eating disorder patients recommend a cautious approach to refeeding. Several studies suggest that higher calorie diets may be safe and effective, but have traditionally excluded severely malnourished patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety of a higher calorie nutritional rehabilitation protocol (NRP) in a broad sample of inpatients with restrictive eating disorders, including those who were severely malnourished. A retrospective chart review was conducted among eating disorder inpatients between January 2015 and March 2016. Patients were started on a lower calorie diet (≤1500 kcals/day) or higher calorie diet (≥1500 kcals/day). Calorie prescription on admission was based on physician clinical judgement. The sample included patients aged 8–20 years with any DSM-5 restrictive eating disorder. Those who were severely malnourished (<75% expected body weight [EBW]) or required tube feeding during admission were included. Multivariable regression models were used to determine whether level of nutritional rehabilitation was associated with hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, or hypokalemia. The sample included 87 patients; mean age was 14.4 years (S.D. 32.7); 29% were <75% EBW. The majority (75.8%) was started on higher calorie diets (mean 1781 kcal/day). Controlling for rate of calorie change, initial %EBW, age, race/ethnicity, insurance, diagnosis, and NG/NJ tube placement, higher calorie diets were not associated with hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, or hypokalemia on admission or within the first 72 h. Increased risk of hypophosphatemia on admission was associated with lower baseline %EBW. A higher calorie NRP was tolerated in this broad population of inpatients with restrictive eating disorders. Lower %EBW on admission was a more important predictor of hypophosphatemia than initial calorie level. Larger studies are required to demonstrate the safety of higher calorie diets in severely malnourished patients.
Testing Models for the Formation of the Equatorial Ridge on Saturn's Moon Iapetus via Crater Counting

Abstract Iapetus's equatorial ridge, visible in global views of the moon, is unique in the Solar System. The formation of this feature is likely attributed to a key event in the evolution of Iapetus, and various models have been proposed as the source of the ridge. By surveying imagery from the Cassini and Voyager missions, this study aims to compile a database of the impact crater population on and around Iapetus's equatorial ridge, assess the relative age of the ridge from differences in cratering between on ridge and off ridge, and test the various models of ridge formation. This work presents a database that contains 7748 craters ranging from 0.83 km to 591 km in diameter. The database includes the study area in which the crater is located, the latitude and longitude of the crater, the major and minor axis lengths, and the azimuthal angle of orientation of the major axis. Analysis of crater orientation over the entire study area reveals that there is no preference for long-axis orientation, particularly in the area with the highest resolution. Comparison of the crater size-frequency distributions show that the crater distribution on the ridge appears to be depleted in craters larger than 16 km with an abruptly enhanced crater population less than 16 km in diameter up to saturation. One possible interpretation is that the ridge is a relatively younger surface with an enhanced small impactor population. Finally, the compiled results are used to examine each ridge formation hypothesis. Based on these results, a model of ridge formation via a tidally disrupted sub-satellite appears most consistent with our interpretation of a younger ridge with an enhanced small impactor population.
Euromania and Eurocrash

One of the most ambitious innovations in international finance in the seventy years since the end of the Second World War was the establishment of a common currency for Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and most other countries that were members of the European Union (EU). Eleven of the fourteen EU member countries adopted the euro on 1 January 1999; Britain and Denmark chose to retain their currencies. More than ten countries subsequently have joined the EU and each has either adopted the euro or will do so as one of the conditions for joining the EU.
The protein kinase CK2 substrate Jabba modulates lipid metabolism during Drosophila oogenesis.

Lipid metabolism plays a critical role in female reproduction. During oogenesis, maturing oocytes accumulate high levels of neutral lipids that are essential for both energy production and the synthesis of other lipid molecules. Metabolic pathways within the ovary are partially regulated by protein kinases that link metabolic status to oocyte development. Although the functions of several kinases in this process are well established, the roles that many other kinases play in coordinating metabolic state with female germ cell development are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the catalytic activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) is essential for Drosophila oogenesis. Using an unbiased biochemical screen that leveraged an unusual catalytic property of the kinase, we identified a novel CK2 substrate in the Drosophila ovary, the lipid droplet–associated protein Jabba. We show that Jabba is essential for modulating ovarian lipid metabolism and for regulating female fertility in the fly. Our findings shed light on a CK2-dependent signaling pathway governing lipid metabolism in the ovary and provide insight into the long-recognized but poorly understood association between energy metabolism and female reproduction.
Development of an improved synthetic route to triply linked di(perylene bisimides) with varied substituents and their performance as non-fullerene acceptors in polymer photovoltaics

Abstract A series of triply-linked perylene bisimide dimers (diPBIs) with varied solubilizing groups (short-chain aliphatic, long-chain aliphatic, and aryl) were synthesized to determine the structure-property relationships that govern their performance as non-fullerene acceptors in conventional polymer photovoltaic devices. In the synthesis of the intermediates, a new solvent and ligand system for dehalogenation of 1,6,7,12-tetrabromo-perylene bisimides to 1,12 dibromo-perylene bisimides was developed in order to access PBI systems that are not available via procedures previously reported. The new dimethylacetamide/2-picolinic acid system expands the available R-groups for inclusion on perylene bisimides that render them insoluble in the conventional DMSO/L-proline system, while providing milder conditions and higher yields. A cosolvent system of DMSO/diphenyl sulfoxide was utilized to couple the brominated perylene bisimides, allowing for direct coupling of aliphatic-substituted perylene bisimides. The resulting diPBIs showed only very small differences in optoelectronic properties, but aliphatic-substituted diPBIs provided better performance due to their better solubility and ability to form co-continuous films with the donor polymer PTB7.
Young children’s narrative skill: concurrent and predictive associations with emergent literacy and early word reading skills

Narrative skill is included in emergent literacy frameworks and believed to be important for children’s early reading development. Yet, empirical evidence concerning associations with other emergent literacy skills and later word reading skills is limited. We comprehensively assessed the emergent literacy skills of 3- to 5.5-year old children (n = 243), along with their word identification and decoding skills 2 years later. Narrative skill was modestly associated with all measures of emergent literacy. Narrative skill predicted word reading skills in univariate models but not after accounting for other emergent literacy skills. Further analyses showed that associations between narrative and word reading skills were fully mediated by other emergent literacy skills. When considered in light of prior work indicating associations between narrative skill and reading comprehension, these indirect associations between narrative and early word reading suggest a second pathway by which narrative skill may support reading development.
A health system wide approach to the delivery of survivorship care plans.

42Background: Survivorship care plans (SCPs) are recognized by organizations including the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, as a best...
Normal Tractions in Simple Shear of Isotropic Bodies

Homogeneous motions of homogeneous simple bodies have been studied in Lecture 5. From the results there it follows as a special case that any static homogeneous deformation may be maintained by the effect of boundary tractions alone in any homogeneous simple body. Such a deformation may carry the body from any one homogeneous configuration into any other.
Is oral sucrose an effective analgesic in neonates

The use of oral sucrose, with or without pacifiers, has been shown to relieve pain in neonates, as assessed by physiologic and behavioral pain indicators and pain scores.
Conformation-Dependent Antibodies as Tools for Characterization of Amyloid Protein Aggregates

Abstract Misfolding and aggregation of proteins plays an important role in many biologic processes and disease states. In order to unravel the precise causative relationship between the structure of protein aggregates and disease pathogenesis, detailed characterization of various structural classes of amyloid aggregates is needed. This chapter focuses on recent discoveries of conformation-specific antibodies and their use in characterization of the different structural classes of protein aggregates in cell culture and transgenic animal models. We review applications of such antibodies in the detection of aggregates, differentiation between the aggregates based on their structure, imaging of protein aggregates in vivo and their potential therapeutic applications.