cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Varicella in the Peripartum Period

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes the highly contagious childhood exanthem commonly known as chickenpox. These illnesses are typically self-limited with few complications. However, varicella infection acquired during pregnancy or the neonatal period can have devastating consequences. Congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella infection, and maternal varicella pneumonia are complications that can occur in rare cases and are associated with serious morbidity and mortality in the neonate or mother. Fortunately, varicella in pregnancy is an infrequent occurrence that is attributable to the advent of widespread varicella vaccination and acquired immunity during childhood period.
Optical Analysis of HAMR Media

We have studied the impact of structural randomness on the variation in optical absorption of recording grains. Using finite-difference time-domain simulation, we demonstrate that randomness in size, shape, and position of FePt grain can cause 2%–9% variation in absorption, depending on the strength of randomness. We have also discussed the resulting impact of several design parameters: air gap, average grain size and its standard deviation, size, and permittivity of grain boundaries, seedlayer thickness, and aspect ratio of recording grains. We demonstrate that the impact of random absorption on jitter is comparable to experimentally estimated variations in Curie temperature ${\sigma }_{T_{c}}$ . In the case of standard recording system parameters, we observe ${\sigma }_{T}\sim 1.5$ % averaged over the write bubble which corresponds to ${\sigma }_{T}\sim 3$ % for the grains inside.
In situ investigations on the impact of heat production and gamma radiation with regard to high-level radioactive waste disposal in rock salt formations

Deep geological formations especially rock salt formations, are considered worldwide as suitable media for the final disposal of radioactive high-level waste (HLW). In the Federal Republic of Germany, the Institut fur Tieflagerung of the Gesellschaft fur Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH Munchen operates the Asse Salt Mine as a pilot facility for testing the behavior of an underground nuclear waste repository. The tests are performed using heat and radiation sources to simulate disposed HLW canisters. The measured data obtained since 1965 show that the thermomechanical response of the salt formation and the physical/chemical changes in the vicinity of disposal boreholes are not a serious concern and that their long-term consequences can be estimated based on theoretical considerations and in-situ investigations.
Studies in Tourism Geography of India: Definition, Approaches and Prospects

Tourism geography is a novel area of research and broadly examines the interaction among such themes as ‘spatial organization’, ‘land-man relations’ and ‘areal differentiation’ (Taaffe 1974; Gibson 2008) in the study of the distribution and spatial pattern of tourist places. Tourist activities generate wealth and employment, attract foreign exchange, promote travel and hospitability industry, advance cross-cultural communication and understanding, build infrastructure, and lead to local as well as global development. Pearce (1979) examined the range and scope of tourism geography and opined the centrality of spatial interaction in the geographies of tourism. The geography of tourism examines a variety of areas like ‘the effects of scale’, ‘spatial distribution of tourist phenomenon’, ‘tourism impacts’, ‘planning for tourism’, and ‘spatial modeling for tourist development’ (Williams 1998). The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 2016) reports that tourism will continue to grow in most Western developed economies. Recently, Indian geographers have been interested in the spatial dimension of tourism in India (Mir 2016). Given this overview, the objective of this chapter is to address two research questions: (1) how is tourism conceptualized by geographers? (2) what insights do Indian studies provide about tourism geography?
Laser Iridoplasty to Treat Iris-occluded XEN Gel Stent.

Purpose To provide the first report on argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) to restore XEN-45 Gel stent patency after iris occlusion. Methods Case description, laser technique, and relevant clinical imaging. Results A 53-year-old African American male patient presented with progressive advanced stage primary open-angle glaucoma. Initial intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40 mm Hg, which continued to be elevated despite maximal medical therapy and selective laser trabeculoplasty. The patient underwent an uncomplicated XEN-45 Gel stent implantation and presented with an IOP of 4 mm Hg 5 days postoperatively with a functioning bleb. On postoperative day 10, the XEN lumen was found to be occluded by the iris with an IOP spike of 39 mm Hg. Anti-glaucoma treatment to induce miosis and liberate the stent was unsuccessful. ALPI was attempted to relieve the obstruction. IOP dropped to 26 mm Hg immediately post-ALPI and continued to be well-controlled 6 months later (11 mm Hg). Conclusions ALPI can effectively restore XEN Gel stent patency if occluded by the iris and should be considered before attempting more invasive surgical revisions.
Managing Environmental Change through Inter-agency Collaboration: Protective Governance in Mandated Groundwater Sustainability Planning

When organizations collaborate to address resource sustainability dilemmas caused by environmental change, they must decide how to structure the rules governing collective decisions. Concerns about the risk of losing autonomy dissuade organizations from collaborating, yet the study of such governing rules has not been a central focus in both environmental and organizational literatures. We argue that governing rules designed to protect agency autonomy can entice participation from diverse stakeholders, including underprivileged and often marginalized environmental actors while enhancing confidence in the collaboration’s ongoing and anticipated sustainability efforts. We test this argument in the context of large-scale governance reform in California, in which the state recently mandated local governing entities to collaborate for sustainable groundwater planning or risk state intervention. Using data collected from both archival records and a state-wide survey of local groundwater managers, the analysis shows that inclusive representation, unweighted voting power structures, and unanimity decision rules constitute protective governance, which in turn boosts participating agencies’ confidence in sustainability efforts. This study provides theoretical and empirical insights into how organizations can address constitutional issues to improve collaborative processes and outcomes of environmental sustainability efforts.
Reconsidering Gender Stereotypes with an Intersectional Lens

The political stereotypes literature has long considered how gender impacts voters perceptions of political candidates. This literature has largely suggested that voters prescribe stereotyped policy competencies and personality characteristics to women that are distinct from that prescribed to men. In the focus on understanding gender differences, the literature has largely not considered how women of color are perceived by voters. Though there is evidence both on the dimensions of race and gender, distinctly, of political stereotypes, there is a reason to believe that women of color are in fact perceived in a unique way by voters. To understand how perceptions of women of color may be unique, we use an experiment that manipulates race of female candidates and stereotypical issue positions (feminine versus masculine issues). In addition, we bring a unique scenario to bare here in that we examine participant preferences for a Black woman candidate in a time of political crisis. We find that participants do not perceive a difference between masculine and feminine issue ownership as it pertains to Black women. However, Black women were advantaged over White women in being able to use feminine issue ownership and gain participant appeal.
Development and assessment of an efficient pediatric affect and cooperation scale.

Abstract Study objective HRAD± was developed to quickly evaluate pediatric preprocedural affect and cooperativity during mask induction of anesthesia and peripheral intravenous (PIV) placement. HRAD± represents: Happy, Relaxed, Anxious, Distressed, with a yes/no answer to cooperativity. The primary aim of this study was to compare HRAD± to previously published scales. Design We conducted an observational study. Setting Videos of pediatric patients were collected in the perioperative environment. Patients Twenty-four children, twenty-one pediatric anesthesiologists and twenty pediatric perioperative providers were included. Interventions To assess the reliability of HRAD±, standard patient videos were created. Children underwent mask induction or PIV placement, and these interventions were video recorded. Mask induction and PIV placement videos were rated by pediatric anesthesiologists and perioperative non-physician providers respectively using HRAD±. Measurements Two trained researchers provided the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS), Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress (OSBD), and Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) scores, and we calculated correlations to HRAD±, inter-rater reliability, and intra-rater reliability. Main results HRAD± scores strongly correlated with mYPAS (r = 0.846, p HRAD± inter-rater reliability for mask induction was 0.414 (p Conclusions HRAD± is an efficient and reliable scale that serves as a practical alternative for measuring pediatric affect during mask induction and PIV placement. The results demonstrate strong correlation with commonly utilized yet more complex affect scales.
Diffraction-grating beam splitter, interferometric-lithography nanopatterning with a multilongitudinal-mode diode laser

Large-area, oblique-incidence interferometric nanopatterning using a low-cost multilongitudinal-mode diode laser as the source and a spin-on-glass based diffraction-phase-mask grating beam splitter is demonstrated. The phase mask is engineered to have only two equal intensity orders (0th and −1st), dramatically simplifying the optical arrangement and decreasing the propagation distance between the beam splitter and the sample. The low-cost, high-power (150 mW) TEM00 405-nm diode laser operates with a large number of longitudinal modes, resulting in an impractical mask-to-sample-gap proximity requirement. A dual-grating-mask, achromatic interferometric scheme is introduced to extend this gap dimension to easily accessible scales. Uniform nanopatterns with a periodicity of 600 nm were fabricated over a 1 cm diameter area using this multimode diode laser. This technique is scalable and has the potential for large-area nanopatterning applications.
X-Ray Spectrographic Analysis of Automotive Combustion Deposits Without the Use of Calibration Curves

An X-ray spectrographic technique requiring no calibration curves is used to determine chlorine, bromine, and lead in automotive combustion deposits. Other elements, such as zinc and barium, can probably be determined by the same X-ray technique. The inert dilution method, described by Sherman1 in 1957, is employed. Improvements in sample preparation have been made to make the procedure more reliable. Results are calculated by the use of a formula, which is shown to be valid even though sample and standard have composition differences which cause interelement-effect errors if calibration-curve techniques are used. Adequate agreement is obtained between the inert dilution X-ray method and chemical procedures.
A partial census of trivalent generalized Moore networks

The authors have previously introduced a family of graphs possessing "average minimum path length" as a useful model for an idealized computer network. The present paper gives a detailed determination of all non-isomorphic members of the family up to 14 nodes. Results, to appear in a later paper, are announced for graphs up to 34 nodes.
Bestimmung der Wellenlänge, Periodenzahl und Periodendauer

Geradeso wie fur die gewohnliche Bewegung die Geschwindigkeit υ mit dem wahrend der Zeit t zuruckgelegten Weg S durch die Beziehung $$\upsilon = \frac{S}{t}$$ verknupft ist, so hat man fur die Wellenlange λ, die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit υ und Periodenzeit T den Ausdruck $$\upsilon = \frac{\lambda }{T} = f \cdot \lambda .$$
Plasmodium salvages cholesterol internalized by LDL and synthesized de novo in the liver

Our previous morphological studies illustrated the association of sterols with Plasmodium infecting hepatocytes. Because malaria parasites cannot synthesize sterols, they must scavenge these lipids from the host. In this paper, we have examined the source/s of sterols for intrahepatic Plasmodium and evaluated the importance of sterols for liver stage development. We show that Plasmodium continuously diverts cholesterol from hepatocytes until release of merozoites. Removal of plasma lipoproteins from the medium results in a 70% reduction of cholesterol content in hepatic merozoites but these parasites remain infectious in animals. Plasmodium salvages cholesterol that has been internalized by low-density lipoprotein but reduced expression of host low-density lipoprotein receptors by 70% does not influence liver stage burden. Plasmodium is also able to intercept cholesterol synthesized by hepatocytes. Pharmacological blockade of host squalene synthase or downregulation of the expression of this enzyme by 80% decreases by twofold the cholesterol content of merozoites without further impacting parasite development. These data enlighten that, on one hand, malaria parasites have moderate need of sterols for optimal development in hepatocytes and, on the other hand, they can adapt to survive in cholesterol-restrictive conditions by exploitation of accessible sterols derived from alternative sources in hepatocytes to maintain proper infectivity.
Glycoproteins from ascitic fluid of Ehrlich ascites tumor. Isolation and chemical characterization.

Three glycoprotein bands were identified by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the perchloric acid soluble fraction of ascitic fluid of Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. The three proteins were first separated by a new discontinuous preparative electrophoresis apparatus described previously [1]. They were further purified on Sephadex G-100 and then were subjected to chemical characterization. These glycoproteins were rich in glutamic and aspartic acids and contained the sugar moieties galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid. The percent sugar composition ranged from 17.7–37.3% of the total weights of these glycoproteins.
Smart Materials Used in Frequency Selective Passive Sensors

While looking ahead to regular use of the new higher thrust versions of the Titan vehicle, low-frequency pressure was flagged as a concern impacting the structural integrity of the launch pad. Initial calculations predicted pressures as high as 150 psig on launch pad structures close to the vehicle. Among the activities to address this concern was the actual measurement of pad pressures during the first west coast Titan IV launch. In addition to an active measurement system covering a limited portion of the pad, a Microballoon Tagged Material (MTM) technology was developed to back up the active system and provide additional coverage on other parts of the pad which were inaccessible to active sensor installation. The MTM is a “smart” material that can passively measure and record maximum pressure.1 In its original application, the MTM was used in a benign environment to record quasi-static maximum pressures in a fluid.2 In this new application, the MTM sensor system was hardened to survive the severe pad environment during launch and a fluidic low pass filter was employed to shield the MTM from high frequencies.
ACTIVATION BY DIVERSE XENOCHEMICALS OF THE 51-BASE PAIR PHENOBARBITAL-RESPONSIVE ENHANCER MODULE IN THE CYP2B10 GENE

By extending previous studies of the phenobarbital (PB)-responsive 132-base pair (bp) enhancer sequence in the CYP2B10 gene, we have delimited a 51-bp enhancer element that is fully inducible by PB in mouse primary hepatocytes. Sixteen structurally unrelated phenobarbital-type inducers activated the 51-bp enhancer element in transient transfection assays. The results thus indicate that most PB-type inducers, if not all inducers, increase the transcription of the CYP2B10 gene by activating this 51-bp element, now designated PB-responsive enhancer module or PBREM.
Family treatment approaches. 2. A brief psychotherapy program for disturbed adolescents.

Prefaced on the assumption that families are capable of carrying on self-rehabilitation, brief psychotherapy has been attempted in which an ortho-psychiatric team works with a single family group for a period of two or three days. Through a series of group, individual, and multiple therapist sessions major family dynamics are highlighted and family self-rehabilitation accelerated. Details of procedure and clinical examples are presented.
A molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 7.

Abstract The homology between mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosomes 11, 15, and 19 was examined using interspecific backcross animals derived from mating C3H HeJ - gld gld and Mus spretus mice. In an earlier study, we reported on the linkage relationships of 16 loci on mouse chromosome 7 and the homologous relationship between this chromosome and the myotonic dystrophy gene region on human chromosome 19. Segregation analyses were used to extend the gene linkage relationships on mouse chromosome 7 by an additional 21 loci. Seven of these genes (Cyp2a, D19F11S1h, Myod-1, Otf-2, Rnu1p70, Rnu2pa, and Xrcc-1) were previously unmapped in the mouse. Several potential mouse chromosome 7 genes (Mel, Hkr-1, Icam-1, Pvs) did not segregate with chromosome 7 markers, and provisional chromosomal assignments were made. This study establishes a detailed molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 7 that will be useful as a framework for determining linkage relationships of additional molecular markers and for identifying homologous disease genes in mice and humans.
Activation of acetylcholinesterase by Triton X-100.

Abstract The effect of Triton X-100 on human brain acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was studied with reference to its solubilization and the solubilization products which were analyzed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The particulate activity remained virtually constant at various Triton X-100 levels despite solubilization of the protein. In the supernatant the relative specific activity increased to 360% at 1.0% Triton X-100. The analytical and electrophoretic data indicated that the major increase in acetylcholinesterase activity after extraction with Triton X-100 is a result of an enhancement of the catalytic activity of the protein.
The Relationship of “Crooke's Changes” in the Basophilic Cells of the Anterior Pituitary Body to Cushing's Syndrome (Pituitary Basophilism)

PRIOR to 1930, when Teel and Cushing (1) suggested1 the possibility of a “hyperpituitary state associated with an adenoma of basophilic elements,” basophilic pituitary tumors were considered to be innocuous pathologic curiosities. The following year Teel (2) reported the first case of pituitary basophilism under the title “Basophilic adenoma of the hypophysis with associated pluriglandular syndrome.” The symptoms in this case were ascribed to endocrine activity on the part of the tumor. In 1932, in a paper which is now regarded as a classic, Cushing (3) described twelve additional examples of the same pluriglandular symptom complex and attributed it to the hypersecretory influence of an associated basophilic adenoma. In some of these cases he had observed the patient personally and had proved the diagnosis at necropsy. In others, he made the diagnosis from the reported description of the case and predicted correctly that if the pituitary body were re-examined by serial section a basophilic adenoma would b...
Dense Nanorods for Enhanced Sensing of Complex Mixed Solution

We show wafer-scale nanorods fabrication using interference lithography and ion milling techniques. Both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanogratings are achieved. Complementary structures of nanorods and nanoholes are demonstrated with tunable and enhanced optical responses. By combining such nanostructures with attenuated total reflection (ATR) components, we show significantly enhanced absorbance measurements. The results shown in this paper may enable new opportunities for plasmon-assisted sensing and spectroscopy.
Building a food studies program: On-the-ground reflections from Syracuse University

Syracuse University (SU) is currently building a food studies program within the newly formed Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition. In this essay we provide an overview of our experiences working to establish this food studies program at SU. We reflect on key issues that we struggle with and believe have resonance with and implications in the development of food studies as an academic discipline at other institutions. We briefly outline the emergence of food studies as a distinct area of scholarship, discuss both the opportunities and tensions food studies creates with established disciplines, provide background on the history of food studies at SU, discuss the process of curriculum development, explore the struggles to balance a liberal arts education with professional training, and conclude with some tentative lessons learned thus far in the process.
A hemolytic polypeptide from the venom of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Abstract The venom of Pogonomyrmex barbatus was analyzed with a view to elucidating the chemical nature of the agent responsible for direct hemolysis. Gel filtration experiments indicated the mol. wt of the active substance, termed barbatolysin, to be ca. 3000. Barbatolysin was isolated in nearly pure form by isoelectric focusing and was found to be a strongly basic polypeptide containing 34 amino acid residues. The relative susceptibility of erythrocytes from different animals was compared using venoms of P. barbatus, P. badius and Apis mellifera. Barbatolysin was not lethal for mice, but mouse lethality was associated with a second venom component having an isoelectric pH of 8·0 and a mol. wt of 8000. The information obtained suggests that there is a functional resemblance between the venoms of P. barbatus and A. mellifera with respect to direct-acting hemolysins.
RIPsec - Using reputation-based multilayer security to protect MANETs

This paper examines the theory, application, and results for a Reputation-Based Internet Protocol Security (RIPsec) framework that provides security for a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) operating in a hostile environment. While there has been significant research in MANET security, the research has tended to address subsets of the overall security challenge. RIPsec leverages existing technologies to provide an overarching layered security framework that provides a more comprehensive security solution than existing approaches. Protection from external threats is provided in the form of encrypted links and encryption-wrapped nodes while internal threats are mitigated by behavior grading that assigns reputations to nodes based on their demonstrated participation in the routing process. End-to-end message security using public and private certificates protects against both internal and external threats. Network availability is improved by behavior grading and round-robin multipath routing. Simulation results showed that the number of routing errors sent in a MANET was reduced by an average of 52% when using RIPsec. The cost in network performance for the security provided by RIPsec was a reduction in throughput. However, the reduction was acceptable given the increase in security. The network load was also reduced, decreasing the overall traffic introduced into the MANET and permitting individual nodes to perform more work without overtaxing their limited resources. The RIPsec framework was analyzed to demonstrate its robustness against a number of well-known attacks against ad-hoc networks. Of the four features incorporated into RIPsec (encryption, IPsec transport mode, behavior grading, and multipath routing), three other frameworks incorporated two of the features (encryption and behavior grading), and the remaining eight frameworks only incorporated one of the four security features. The incorporation of all four security features at multiple levels makes RIPsec very robust against attacks.
Intergenerational Communication of Race‐Related Trauma by Japanese American Former Internees

The present study investigated the intergenerational communications between Japanese Americans who were unjustly ordered into U.S. concentration camps during World War II and their offspring born after the war. Survey data were collected from 450 2nd-generation (Nisei) Japanese American former internees to assess patterns of communication with their children about the internment. The study and its results are discussed in relation to racial socialization and the influence of ethnicity on reactions to traumatic stress.
Classification of dorsal horn neurons based on somatic receptive fields in cats with intact and transected spinal cords: neural plasticity.

Abstract Classification of dorsal horn neurons based on cell activity responses to somatic receptive fields stimulation, was compared between anesthetized cats with transected or intact cords. Results showed a significant ( P ≤0.001) difference. In animals with transected cords, dorsal horn neurons responded with less specificity to noxious and innocuous stimulation. The results are consistent with the proposition that loss of supraspinal influences plays a significant role in determining response characteristics of dorsal horn neurons.
Cycling of Sr90 in molting crayfish.

Crayfish injected with Sr90-Y90 while in the premolt stage concentrated the isotope in the gastrolith and fixed it in the exoskeleton. During molt the Sr90-Y90 in the gastrolith was mobilized and deposited in the postmolt exoskeleton. This cycle was repeated for two complete molting periods.
Two Documents Detailing the Oneida Community’s Practice of Complex Marriage

In 1915, Dr. George E. Cragin delivered a candid (and heretofore unpublished) lecture to the Oneida Medical Club on male continence, or coitus reservatus, a practice supporting the Oneida Community’s concept of complex marriage, or free love. A portion of a published article to which Cragin alludes, containing an account by one disaffected woman member, is offered in counterpoint.
Epithelioid ependymoma: a new variant of ependymoma: report of three cases.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pathological features of three very similar and unusual primary central pervous system tumors that are not readily recognized as conventional ependymomas but which, by ultrastructural examination, have an ependymomatous character. METHODS: Three distinctive tumors were found in a review of our files for cases of ependymoma. In each case, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were reviewed, and immunostatins for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Electron microscopy was performed in each case. RESULTS: The tumors had a diffuse myxoid background, often containing tightly clustered cells that minicked multinucleated giant cells, but lacking perivascular pseudorosettes or central lumen rosettes. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin immunostains did not reveal perivascular processes. Epithelial membrane antigen immunostains showed a dot-like cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in some cell clusters in two of the three cases. Cytokeratin was negative in all three cases. However, ultrastructurally, the cells of each tumor had extensive surface microvilli; the giant cell-like clusters had cells with extensive close appositions, some junctions, and, in two cases, lumina with microvilli. Two of the patients were adults (both with temporal lobe tumors), and one patient was 13 years old and had a cervical spinal cord intramedullary tumor. Each tumor was sharply circumscribed from adjacent central nervous system tissue but was not encapsulated. One of the cases in an adult was mitolically highly active; this tumor recurred locally 4 years after initial gross total excision. CONCLUSION: These tumors are unusual variants of ependymoma. This pattern of ependymoma is sufficiently distinctive to be recognized in hematoxylin and eosin stains once the architecture of the epithelioid clusters is appreciated.
Ultrastructure of malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti infected with Dirofilaria immitis.

Abstract Ultrastructural examinations of Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti (black-eyed Liverpool strain) experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) larvae were made to assess pathology elicited by these worms. Tubules from uninfected mosquitoes and from mosquitoes at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days postexposure (PE) to D. immitis microfilariae were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Uninfected tubules were composed of stellate and primary cells, the latter possessing apical microvilli containing many mitochondria, a cytoplasm containing nuclei, mitochondria, and vacuoles, and a highly infolded basal plasma membrane resting on a thin basal lamina. At 2 days PE apical microvilli of primary cells had fewer mitochondria and contained many vesicular structures. At 4 days PE mitochondria were absent from the apical microvilli and disruption of primary cell cytoplasm was evident. Cytoplasmic ground substance was highly disrupted by day 6 PE and cells appeared to be greatly inflated. By days 8–10 PE infoldings of the basal plasma membrane were no longer evident, and apical microvilli were destroyed as larvae moved through the apical membrane into the lumen of the Malpighian tubule. Data presented suggest that D. immitis larvae completely destroy Malpighian tubule cells in which they reside, and large worm burdens could be responsible for destruction of the excretory system and vector mortality.
Toxicity of glutaminase in patients with advanced lymphoblastic leukaemia

Abstract Fifteen patients with relapsed lymphoblastic leukaemia were treated with a glutaminase isolated from Achromobacter sp. using this enzyme for the first time in combination with other drugs in the treatment of human leukaemia. Although two patients achieved complete remission, and a further three partial remission, five patients showed acute hypersensitivity to the glutaminase and two of the five required resuscitation. Also one patient developed hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis 36 h after receiving the enzyme for the first time, and three others had biochemical evidence of carbohydrate intolerance. All patients experienced nausea and vomiting shortly after the start of the first infusion which lessened with second and third courses, and did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. The high incidence of side effects in these patients indicates that despite the anti-leukaemic activity of this enzyme its application is limited by poor patient acceptability.
Isotope selective infrared laser-induced unimolecular dissociation of dimeric bis (1,1,1.5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dionato) dioxouranium (vi)

Abstract The uranium isotope selective gas phase decomposition of [UO2 (hfacac)2]2 has been measured following absorption of infrared laser radiation by either of two strong absorption features near 10.6 μm These results show that isotopic selectivity can be attained with high yield at Ion laser fluence.
Conditional Agenda-Setting and Decision-Making Inside the European Parliament

This article revisits two mistaken impressions about the process of European integration. The first is that the European Parliament (at least before Maastricht) is a weak Parliament. The second is that in a Europe of mutual recognition of standards (Cassis de Dijon), the natural level of harmonis‐ation standards is the lowest common denominator (or close to it) because countries with low standards have no incentive to vote for improvements. The article makes the argument that the basis for both of these mistaken impressions is lack of understanding of the European Parliament's role as ‘conditional agenda‐setter’, which is specified by the co‐operation procedure of the European Union. According to this procedure, the Parliament can make a proposal which, if accepted by the Commission, is easier for the Council to accept than to modify. Elsewhere, I have argued that this procedure places significant decision‐making powers in the hands of the Parliament.1 Here I make two extensions. First, I explain how this...
Elections and Accountability for the Economy: A Conceptual and Empirical Reassessment

Abstract Does electoral accountability exist under democracy? Given its normative importance, this question remains central to empirical research. Even so, scholars do not agree on a definition of the dependent variable. Some insist that in order for accountability to exist, voters must reelect incumbents for good performance or remove them from office for bad performance. However most scholars require only that voters reward or punish incumbents for good or bad performance, measured in terms of vote shares. We explore the extent to which accountability exists across the range of definitions, from vote shares through changes in seat shares to the question of incumbent survival in office. We have two main findings. First, accountability exists across the range of potential meanings of the word – including changes in partisan control. Second, institutional factors thought to mitigate connections between past performance and vote shares do not function as predicted, both across meanings of accountability and...
Chronic Pain and Cancer Pain Management: Current and Future Aspects

Summary Pain management represents an area of potentially large growth for anesthesia practice, as it represents a field in which it is possible to do both patient care and clinical research. In addition, it provides new areas of practice and the potential for increased revenues for areas outside the operating room. Underrecognition of the role of good pain management can be overcome through education of our medical colleagues and the general public and through lobbying efforts. These in turn will increase the utilization and growth of pain clinics. More pain clinics will result in enhancement of the field by increasing awareness of a specialty that can make a very large contribution to improving the quality of life of many people. Proper pain management often involves a multidisciplinary approach and anesthesiologists should have good consultants, especially psychiatrists and physical therapists, available. Ultimately, with the combination of diagnostic skills and multiple treatment modalities, including medications, nerve blocks, and implantable techniques, the anesthesiologist is ideally suited to lead the field of pain management.
Stochastic population mechanics in the relational systems formalism: Volterra-Lotka ecological dynamics

Abstract Highly multiple interacting systems can be formally treated by means of classical tistical mechanics or by means of stochastic methods. Within the framework of a recently developed general relational systems formalism, it is here shown how the two approaches are related: the method for constructing the prior probability distribution needed in the stochastic approach is shown to imply Gibbs statistical mechanics. This generalization of statistical mechanics has a wider applicability since it does not require the postulation of the existence of a Liouville equation, nor of a conserved quantity, nor of an ergodic hypothesis. These results are here applied to the classical problem of a Volterra-Lotka system of interacting biological species, and it is shown how the statistical mechanical treatment of such a system, as developed by Kerner, can meaningfully be carried on in terms of observable variables only.
Direct Interpretation of Far-Infrared Interferograms with Application to Diatomic and Linear Molecules

Interferograms, the information directly available from lamellar grating and Michelson interferometer-type spectrometers, are derived on the basis of an absorption spectrum whose lines are sharp, symmetrical, and reasonably well isolated from each other. The formulation shows that if the absorption spectrum is periodic in wavenumber, the interferogram will also have periodic structure characterized by features called signatures. The results are used to predict the interferogram for the pure rotational spectrum of a molecule whose rotational constants approximate those of carbon monoxide. It is found for an absorption spectrum consisting of equally spaced lines (rigid rotor model) that the shape of the individual signatures should be almost identical although damped out exponentially. However when centrifugal distortion is taken into account (nonrigid rotor model), which cause the absorption lines for a linear or diatomic molecule to converge slightly at higher wavenumbers, it is found to lead to a distortion of the signatures, the distortion becoming more pronounced toward large differences of optical path between the interfering beams.
Magnetization and magnetic levitation of ring samples made of melt textured YBa2Cu3Ox

Abstract We present measurements of the magnetization and the levitation force of various superconducting rings made of melt textured YBa2Cu3Ox. We compare the measurements on the rings to those when a slit is cut into them. The slit prevents shielding currents from forming complete loops around the perimeter of the rings. For most small rings used for the magnetization measurements (5 mm diameter or less), the slit reduces the magnetization according to Bean's model. For some rings, however, this decrease was much smaller that the theoretical value. Consistently, however, magneto-optical images revealed the presence of weak links cutting across those rings. The larger rings used for the levitation experiments (20 mm diameter) were not of the same quality, i.e., the ratio of the levitation force before and after the slit was cut was below the theoretical value for all rings investigated. Because of their large size, magneto-optical images of those rings could not be taken. It is very likely that these larger rings have weak links which prevent large-diameter circulating shielding currents.
Simulated Estimates of Pre-Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the US: 1980 to 2008

Purpose To simulate national estimates of prepregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in non-Hispanic white (NHW) and non-Hispanic black (NHB) women. Methods Prepregnancy diabetes and GDM were estimated as a function of age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) using South Carolina live singleton births from 2004-2008. Diabetes risk was applied to a simulated population. Age, natality and BMI were assigned to women according to race- and age-specific US Census, Natality and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data, respectively. Results From 1980-2008, estimated GDM prevalence increased from 4.11% to 6.80% [2.68% (95% CI 2.58%-2.78%)] and from 3.96% to 6.43% [2.47% (95% CI 2.39%-2.55%)] in NHW and NHB women, respectively. In NHW women prepregnancy diabetes prevalence increased 0.90% (95% CI 0.85%-0.95%) from 0.95% in 1980 to 1.85% in 2008. In NHB women from 1980 through 2008 estimated prepregnancy diabetes prevalence increased 1.51% (95% CI 1.44%-1.57%), from 1.66% to 3.16%. Conclusions Racial disparities in diabetes prevalence during pregnancy appear to stem from a higher prevalence of prepregnancy diabetes, but not GDM, in NHB than NHW.
Electrostatic Effects on Ion Selectivity and Rectification in Designed Ion Channel Peptides

To help determine how amino acid sequence can influence ionic conduction properties in α-helical structures, we have synthesized and studied three closely related, channel-forming peptides. The sequences are based on a 21-residue amphiphilic Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Leu-Ser-Leu heptad repeat motif and differ in having either neutral, negatively, or positively charged N-termini. The channels formed by the neutral peptide are modestly cation selective and exhibit asymmetric current-voltage curves arising from the partial charges at the ends of the α-helix. Addition of a negatively charged Glu residue converted the channel to a completely cation-selective structure and essentially eliminated its rectification. Addition of a positively charged Arg residue near the N-terminus of the peptide reduced this channel's cation selectivity and increased the extent of rectification. These effects on channel ionic conductance can be explained by a theoretical electrostatic model and provide insights into the workings of more com...
Role of Kruppel-like factors in leukocyte development, function, and disease.

The Kruppel-like transcription factor (KLF) family participates in diverse aspects of cellular growth, development, differentiation, and activation. Recently, several groups have identified new connections between the function of these factors and leukocyte responses in health and disease. Gene targeting of individual KLFs in mice has uncovered novel and unexpected physiologic roles among myeloid and lymphocyte cell lineage maturation, particularly in the bone marrow niche and blood. In addition, several KLF family members are downstream targets of stimuli and signaling pathways critical to T-cell trafficking, T regulatory cell differentiation or suppressor function, monocyte/macrophage activation or renewal, and B memory cell maturation or activation. Indeed, KLFs have been implicated in subtypes of leukemia, lymphoma, autoimmunity, and in acute and chronic inflammatory disease states, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and airway inflammation, raising the possibility that KLFs and their upstream signals are of therapeutic interest. This review focuses on the relevant literature of Kruppel-like factors in leukocyte biology and their implications in clinical settings.
A Preliminary Account of the Effect of Otitis Media on 15-month-olds' Categorization and Some Implications for Early Language Learning

In the present study, 24 infants 14 to 16 months old (M=15.3 months) with a history of otitis media (OM) and tube placement were tested for categorical responding within a visual familiarization-di...
Failure dependent bandwidth in shuffle-exchange networks

A failure-dependent bandwidth model for shuffle-exchange (S/E) and augmented shuffle-exchange (S/E+) interconnection networks is presented. The models are based on probabilities of either data or address model failures for the individual binary switches that comprise the network and give the expected bandwidth as a function of the probability of failures in these switches. A model consistent with those previously published for a zero probability of failure is first developed for the S/E network. It is extended to the S/E+ network by developing a special model for the input stage of the S/E+ network and then proving that, to within a close approximation, the conditions necessary for the S/E model hold at the outputs of first stage of the S/E+. The primary uses of the bandwidth models presented are as a network design parameter and as a measure to evaluate the cost effectiveness of proposed, switch-level, reliability enhancement. >
The inhibitory actions of dopamine, hydroxyamphetamine and phenylephrine on aqueous humor formation.

Abstract Dopamine, hydroxyamphetamine and phenylephrine have each been found to produce vasoconstriction and to decrease the rate of aqueous humor formation in enucleated, arterially perfused cat eyes. These data point out once again the role of the vasculature in the regulation of aqueous humor formation and support previous conclusions for the involvement of α-adrenergic receptors in these responses.
A guide for fitness function design

Fitness function design is often both a design and performance bottleneck for evolutionary algorithms. The fitness function for a given problem is directly related to the specifications for that problem. This paper outlines a guide for transforming problem specifications into a fitness function. The target audience for this guide are both non-expert practitioners and those interested in formalizing fitness function design. The goal is to investigate and formalize the fitness function generation process that expert developers go through and in doing so make fitness function design less of a bottleneck. Solution requirements in the problem specifications are identified and classified, then an appropriate fitness function component is generated based on its classifications, and finally the fitness function components combined to yield a fitness function for the problem in question. The competitive performance of a guide generated fitness function is demonstrated by comparing it to that of an expert designed fitness function.
Effects of Cognitive Group Iterventions on Depression and Cognition Among Elderly Women in Long-Term Care.

The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and focused visual imagery group therapy on cognition and depression in frail women residing in nursing homes were examined.' Twenty-four (24) women participated in a 24-week protocol of cognitive- behavioral group therapy and twenty-one (21) in a protocol of visual imagery group therapy of similar duration. Eleven (11) women in a comparison condition participated in a 24 week series of educational discussion group sessions. Data on cognition and depression are reported for four time points: 4 weeks before treatment initiation, 8 and 20 weeks after treatment initiation, and 4 weeks after treatment termination. Subjects in the cognitive-behavioral and visual imagery groups experienced a significant improvement in cognition over the duration of the study, while subjects in the educational discussion groups did not. There was no effect for any of the interventions on depression. This lack of effect may indicate the tenacity of depression among female nursing ...
Relation between Sex-Role Orientation and Marital Satisfaction

This study investigated the reported marital satisfaction of couples as it related to their sex-role orientations. One hundred eighty-five couples living in Columbia, MD, completed Rem Sex-Role Inventories and Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Tests. The results suggest that couples in which both partners are androgynous report higher marital satisfaction than both sex-typed (traditional role) couples and incongruent (sex-typed spouse with non-sex-typed spouse) couples. These results were discussed in a framework of cognitive balance.