cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The immiseration of the Korean farmer during the Japanese colonial period

Focusing on the late 1920s to the mid-1930s, this paper determines and analyses the societal conditions and structures leading to the immiseration of Korean farmers during the colonial period. Specifically, these were the deterioration of aspects of traditional society, indebtedness, and interest rates. These led to wide-scale smallholder bankruptcies, resulting in their transformation into landless tenants, and ultimately resulting in a bifurcation into the “haves” and the “have-nots” in the Korean countryside.
Increased risk of arterial thromboembolic events with combination lenalidomide/dexamethasone therapy for multiple myeloma.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cancer associated thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Research and guidelines have focused on venous thromboembolic events (VTE). Within the past decade, combination lenalidomide and dexamethasone has become a standard of therapy for multiple myeloma and is now widely used. In these patients, the risk of arterial thromboembolic events (ATE) has not been addressed to the same extent as VTE.Areas discussed: Presented is a targeted review of published data on ATE in MM patients on combination lenalidomide/dexamethasone therapy. Incidence, clinical presentations, prognosis, mechanisms and thromboprophylaxis are discussed. A framework for approaching ATE/VTE in these patients is suggested.Expert commentary: There is an increased incidence of ATE in this population, primarily cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. ATE is associated with poorer prognosis and its prevention must be an important goal of management. It is suggested that on initiating treatment, a comb...
Indentation size effect in amorphous polymers based on shear transformation mediated plasticity

Abstract The existence of an indentation size effect (ISE) in the measured hardness in poly (methyl methacrylate) is investigated by performing nanoindentation experiments. The continuous stiffness measurement technique was employed to measure the hardness and the elastic modulus of the sample as a function of the indentation depth at different strain rates. Results establish the existence of a strain rate dependent ISE in the glassy polymer as hardness increases with decreasing the indentation depth. Employing the well-known shear transformation (ST) mediated flow theory and considering the statistical nature of the formation and distribution of the flow units, a rate dependent ISE model for glassy polymers is developed. This model is based on the possibility of the occurrence of discrete shear transformation sites within the deformed volume under the indenter which is controlled by the indentation depth and geometry. Results obtained from the proposed model show good agreement with the experimental values. The details considered in the model development in terms of the variations of indentation strain rate and elastic modulus with depth as well as validity and limitations of the model are discussed.
Generation and Recognition of Inflectional Morphology

Koskenniemi’s two-level morphological analysis system can be improved upon by using a PATR-like unification grammar for handling the morphosyntax instead of continuation classes, and by incorporating the notion of negative rule feature into the phonological rule interpreter. The resulting system can be made to do generation and recognition using the same grammars.
Growth of CdMnTe free of large Te inclusions using the vertical Bridgman technique

Abstract We grew Cd1-xMnxTe crystals with a nominal composition of 5% Mn and 95% Cd using the vertical Bridgman technique. We were able to grow crystals from as-received starting material that were free of secondary phases, such as Te inclusions with a size > 1-µm diameter, without adding compensating Cd to the initial charge. The Te precipitations (size
ISOLATED SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY DISSECTION QUASHED BY AN UNUSUAL APPROACH

Isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection is a rare occurrence and is managed mostly by femoral approach. We are highlighting a novel radial artery approach for SMA dissection in a case where femoral access was unable to be achieved. A 54-year-old male presented to the emergency room for
How to Calibrate Your Adversary's Capabilities? Inverse Filtering for Counter-Autonomous Systems

We consider an adversarial Bayesian signal processing problem involving “us” and an “adversary”. The adversary observes our state in noise; updates its posterior distribution of our state and then chooses an action based on this posterior. Given knowledge of “our” state and sequence of adversary's actions observed in noise, we consider three problems: (i) How can the adversary's posterior distribution be estimated? Estimating the posterior is an inverse filtering problem involving a random measure - we formulate and solve several versions of this problem in a Bayesian setting. (ii) How can the adversary's observation likelihood be estimated? This tells us how accurate the adversary's sensors are. We compute the maximum likelihood estimator for the adversary's observation likelihood given our measurements of the adversary's actions where the adversary's actions are in response to estimating our state. (iii) How can the state be chosen by us to minimize the covariance of the estimate of the adversary's observation likelihood? “Our” state can be viewed as a probe signal which causes the adversary to act; so choosing the optimal state sequence is an input design problem. The above questions are motivated by the design of counter-autonomous systems: given measurements of the actions of a sophisticated autonomous adversary, how can our counter-autonomous system estimate the underlying belief of the adversary, predict future actions and therefore guard against these actions.
Abstract 865: Isolation of circulating tumors cells from genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma

The major cause of cancer-associated mortality is tumor metastasis, but our understanding of this process is far from complete. During successful dissemination, tumor cells invade the surrounding tissue of the primary tumor, intravasate into blood and lymphatic vessels, translocate to distant tissues, extravasate, adapt to the new microenvironment, and eventually seed, proliferate, and colonize to form metastases. Because dissemination mostly occurs through the blood, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that have been shed into the vasculature and may be on their way to potential metastatic sites are of obvious interest (1). KRAS mutations are the most frequent oncogenic drivers of non-small cell lung cancer and when associated with co-mutations lead to a decrease in overall survival. We have previously established a lenti-Cre-induced Kras and Lkb1 mutant and Kras and p53 mutant genetically engineered mouse modes (KLLenti) and (KPLenti) that develop 100% lung adenocarcinoma to conduct the first study to isolate and maintain primary, CTC and metastatic cells that are KLLenti or KPLenti. We are able to isolate TTF-1+ and pan-cytokeratin+ CTCs from the KLlenti and KPlenti mice and validated their mutational status by genotyping, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Moreover, lkb1-mutant or p53-mutant primary tumor cells have different 3-D invasive properties and patterns, as well as the respective CTCs and metastatic cells when compared across different genetic sub-types. To further study gene expression patterns between primary, CTC, and metastatic sites RNAseq will be employed to identify pathways that drive metastasis within the genetic sub-types. Citation Format: Liza J. Burton, Junghui Koo, Carol Tucker-Burden, Wei Zhou, Melissa Gilbert-Ross, Chunzi Huang, Gabriel Sica, Adam Marcus. Isolation of circulating tumors cells from genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 865.
Smoothing properties of the Friedrichs operator on Lp spaces

We show that the Friedrichs operator exhibits smoothing properties in the Lp scale. In particular, we prove that on any smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domain the Friedrichs operator maps A2(Ω) to Ap(Ω) for some p > 2.
Urban planning, austerity, and resistance

ABSTRACTAusterity is a common method by which capitalists and governments discipline cities. Cities, neighbourhood residents, and social movements often resist.
Brief Report Treatment of infertility and menopause in a patient with multiple sclerosis affecting the pituitary stalk: a case report.

Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination of the CNS that affects women in their child-bearing years. There has been no absolute data to suggest infertility in this population; however, women with MS may exhibit decreased fertility due to various etiologies. Furthermore, their transition into menopause presents unique aspects in patient care. Methods We report a case of a 38 year-old female with a diagnosis of MS with subsequent secondary amenorrhea and primary infertility. Multidisciplinary work-up with was consistent with hypothalamic hypogonadism secondary to MS affecting the pituitary stalk. She was treated for infertility in our clinic as well as management of her menopausal symptoms. Results The patient conceived triplets after 2 cycles of ovarian stimulation with injectable gonadotropins and intrauterine insemination. She underwent fetal reduction to twins. After completion of childbearing, she was treated for menopausal symptoms with various hormonal therapies and ultimately remained on oral conjugated estrogens with no symptoms. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of infertility caused by suspected MS involvement of the pituitary stalk. In this patient population, infertility treatment can be successful with gonadotropins and alleviation of menopausal symptoms can be achieved with hormone replacement.
Healthy ageing in the far North: perspectives and prescriptions

Objectives: This study captured factors integral to healthy ageing in central Alaska. To date, conceptual models fail to meaningfully address how healthy ageing is impacted by location and context, particularly in remote or sparsely populated areas. The way "healthy", or "successful", ageing is defined in an extreme environment, and how that contrasts with global definitions of healthy ageing, has yet to be examined.Method: Residents of central Alaska aged 60 and older completed background demographics and several measures of personality and well-being and then engaged in a guided discussion.Results: Themes identified as important to healthy ageing were attitude/perspective, socialisation, sense of community, purpose and staying active, and independence. Challenges endorsed included service gaps, transportation, seasonality, cost of living, and isolation.Discussion: The current data parallels previous investigations of healthy ageing and provides a new understanding of the importance of resilience factors for those living in central Alaska.
CHAPTER 2-1 – TIME-DEPENDENT EFFECTS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

Publisher Summary The nature of all nuclear magnetic resonance spectra depends on the rates of various processes such as inter- and intramolecular motions and chemical exchange. As these processes can influence the values of spectral parameters, such as line width, chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants, it is important that the underlying principles should be fully understood. The spectra of some molecules can change radically if the rates of certain processes are changed by altering the conditions of observation—for example, temperature or pH of solution. In solids, a particular nucleus experiences a field from neighbouring magnetic nuclei, and the magnitude of this field depends on the spin orientations of these nuclei. In a study described in the chapter, it was observed that this effect was absent in the liquid state because of rapid random motion of molecules. In solids, the magnetic environment of a particular nucleus exists for a period that is long compared with the time of survival of its environment in the liquid state.
Public Scrutiny and Police Effort: Evidence from Arrests and Crime After High-Profile Police Killings

After a spate of protests touched off by high-profile incidents of police use of force, there has been a renewed focus on whether public scrutiny shapes policing behavior, otherwise known as the Ferguson Effect. This paper shows that after police killings that generate significant public attention and scrutiny, officers reduce effort and crime increases. The effects differ by offense type: Reduced police effort yields persistently fewer arrests for low-level offenses (e.g., marijuana possession), but there are limited changes in arrests for violent or more serious property crimes. The increase in offending is driven by murders and robberies, imposing significant crime costs on affected municipalities. These findings are robust to numerous changes in empirical specification, transformations of the dependent variable, and varying levels of fixed effects that control for changes in state law and treatment spillovers. To disentangle the potential simultaneous effects impacting policing behavior following a high-profile, officer-involved fatality, I develop a theoretical model that provides empirically testable predictions for each mechanism. I find that the reduction in low-level arrests coincides with public scrutiny as the causal channel.
Age-Related Brain Structure Differences, by Age of Onset, in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder

Introduction While brain structure during adolescence and early adulthood has been relatively well characterized in bipolar disorder (BD), it is still unclear how the brain's structure is affected by the illness in later life, and whether age of onset may influence age-related changes. Methods High resolution structural magnetic resonance images were acquired at 3 Tesla in 103 individuals with BD and 98 healthy controls (HC), ages 40 to 79 years. Categorical group comparisons (BD vs. HC), and analyses for group differences in age-related patterns, were performed for cortical thickness and grey matter volume. The BD group was also subdivided by age of first mood symptom onset, being either age 25 years and over (adult-onset, n=21) or below age 25 years (adolescent-onset, n=82), and the BD subgroups were compared to controls in a three-way analysis. Results Compared to the HC group, the overall BD group was characterized by lower cortical thickness within the insula and parahippocampus regions (pcorrected= 0.0054), and lower grey matter volume within the hippocampus, thalamus and putamen (pcorrected = 0.001). Significant age-related differences were not detected between the overall BD group and HC group. However, when individuals with BD were divided by those with adolescent or adult onset of the illness, the adult-onset BD subgroup showed significant age-related declines in insula and parahippocampal thickness, and hippocampal, thalamic and striatal grey matter volume, compared to the early-onset BD subgroup and HC group (p = 0.021). Conclusions The findings support structural abnormalities within the insula, parahippocampus, hippocampus, thalamus and striatum in adults with BD ages 40-79 years. Age-related decreases within the insula, parahippocampus and hippocampus may occur particularly in individuals with BD with onset after the age of 25 years. The results suggest that individuals with later onset of BD may be at a greater risk for age-related abnormalities in brain structure in brain systems that subserve emotional and cognitive processes. Funding Funding for the project was awarded by the National Institute of Mental Health.
Improving Pulmonary Nanotherapeutics Using Helical Aerosol Streams: An In Silico Study.

The increasing prevalence of pulmonary ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung tuberculosis, and lung cancer, coupled with the success of pulmonary therapy, has led to a plethora of scientific research focusing on improving the efficacy of pulmonary drug delivery systems. Recent advances in nanoscience and nano-engineering help achieve this by developing stable, potent, inhalable nanosize drug formulations that potentially increase dosages at target sites with significant therapeutic effects. In this study, we numerically analyze a novel methodology of incorporating helical air-nanoparticle streams for pulmonary nanotherapeutics, using a customized version of the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) toolbox openfoam. As nanoparticles predominantly follow streamlines, helical airflow transports them in a centralized core along the human upper respiratory tract, thereby minimizing deposition and hence waste on the oropharyngeal walls, potentially also reducing the risk of drug-induced toxicity in healthy tissues. Advancing our previous study on micron-particle dynamics, helical streams are shown to improve the delivery of nanodrugs, to deeper lung regions when compared to a purely axial fluid-particle jet. For example, an optimal helical stream featuring a volumetric flow rate of 30 L/min, increased the delivery of 300-nm particles to regions beyond generation 3 by 5%, in comparison to a conventional axial jet. Results from regional deposition studies are presented to demonstrate the robustness of helical flows in pulmonary drug delivery, thus paving the way toward successful implementation of the novel methodology in nanotherapeutics.
Review of Desde los márgenes a la centralidad. Escritoras en la historia literaria de América Central. 2019

Book Review/Resena de: Desde los margenes a la centralidad. Escritoras en la historia literaria de America Central. Eds. Consuelo Meza Marquez y Magda Zavala. Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, 2019.
Reconstructive Surgery of the Hip Joint Involved with Pressure Ulcer, Pathological Conditions, and Trauma

The hip is a powerful joint in the human body. In ambulatory patients, the hip joint is necessary for standing, walking, and sitting. In paralyzed individuals (those with paraplegia or tetraplegia), the hip joint has an important function, depending on the extent of the paralysis, when sitting in a wheelchair. The hip joint acts to stabilize the sitting position, in transferring from the wheelchair to another surface and vice versa, and when turning from side to side. The hip joint acts to stabilize the lower extremities. It has a powerful muscle attachment and strong capsule. Unfortunately, in paralyzed individuals, the hip joint can be affected directly or indirectly by pathological conditions close to the hip joint or by traumatic conditions, for example, the direct extension of infection or necrosis from pressure ulcers such as the trochanteric ulcer or ischial ulcer. These are common examples of conditions that can affect the hip by causing septic hip and eventually osteomyelitis of the femoral bone or pelvic bone or abscess of the iliopsoas muscles.
Analysis of Porcine Kupffer Cell Recognition of Human Erythrocytes

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that when porcine livers are perfused with human blood, porcine Kupffer cells extract up to 3 units of human red blood cells (RBC) over the course of a 72h perfusion. We have previously hypothesized that the recognition event responsible for this interaction involves a lectin receptor on the surface of the porcine Kupffer cell interacting with a carbohydrate epitope on the surface of the human RBC. METHODS: Treatments to disrupt the protein core of purified glycoproteins from the surface of human RBC included: pronase, trypsin, 2-ME, and heating to 90°. Alternatively, we have removed the carbohydrate residues from purified human RBC glycoproteins using glycosidases. RBC binding in the presence or absence of treated glycoproteins was quantified by Chromium-labeled RBC recognition by primary cultures of porcine Kupffer cells. RESULTS: Human, but not porcine, RBC were bound by in vitro primary cultures of porcine Kupffer cells. The binding of human RBC was inhibited by pre-incubation of
Cancer as a problem in intercellular communication: regulation by growth-inhibiting factors (Chalones).

Publisher Summary Studies emphasize that intercellular communication at local and systemic levels are the crux of the cancer problem, not only in connection with the preneoplastic stages of initiation and promotion, but also in the understanding of the nature of the cancer cell. Thus, this chapter focuses on the positive and negative controls on cell proliferation (using the terms “hormones” and “chalones,” respectively), along with research that combines the chemical messengers of endocrinology and the targets of molecular biology. While DNA sequences are of tremendous interest, the ultimate task is the characterization of proximal and ultimate protein products and their function. These proteins include the regulators of proliferation and differentiation and their receptors. The chapter focuses on the growth inhibitors that are referred as “chalones.” Chalones means negative-acting hormone. The use of the word “chalone” for growth inhibitors has fallen into disfavor as a categorized term describing those negative controlling substances that are probably produced by the most chemically mature differentiating cells of that series. However, the word has been favored to describe negative influences on cell proliferation and hundreds of papers have employed this term as well.
Anucleate mammalian cells: applications in cell biology and virology

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods for the isolation and characterization of anucleate mammalian cells and the techniques for the fusion of anucleate and nucleated cells; and outlines certain of the potential experimental applications of anucleate mammalian cell systems. Cells formed by the fusion of anucleate and nucleated cells are not hybrid cells or heterokaryons in the conventionally accepted sense as two different genomes are not represented. The range of cell types susceptible to fusion by inactivated Sendai virus is extremely wide. Sendai virus for use in cell fusion experiments is grown in 10- to 11-day-old embryonated hens eggs as virus propagated in mammalian cell cultures has negligible cell fusion activity. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the egg is inoculated with 0.1 ml of Sendai virus, incubated at 36°C with the pointed end of the egg down for 3 days, and then maintained at 4°C overnight. Sendai virus preparations used for fusing cells are normally inactivated to avoid the problem of replication of infective virus within the fused cells and the accompanying virus-induced effects on cellular morphology and metabolism.
A discrete parameter HMM approach to on-line handwriting recognition

One area where on-line handwriting recognition technology is most critical is the domain of small portable platforms. Because such platforms have limited resources, it is not presently practical to consider a continuous parameterization for the hidden Markov models used in the recognition. On the other hand, discrete parameter techniques such as used in speech recognition are difficult to apply, because there is no well-understood handwriting equivalent to phonological rules. A possible solution is to extract this information directly from the data, by constructing an alphabet of sub-character, elementary handwriting units. The performance of this method is illustrated on a discrete handwriting recognition task with an alphabet of 81 characters.
Study Fails to Link ILL Usage Patterns to Liaison Activities

A Review of: Leykam, Andrew. “Exploring Interlibrary Loan Usage Patterns and Liaison Activities: The Experience at a U.S. University.” Interlending & Document Supply 36.4 (2008): 218-24. Objective - To investigate Interlibrary Loan (ILL) usage patterns, and connect them to liaison activities beyond collection development. Design – Pattern analysis of ILL requests. Setting – Library of The College of Staten Island, a mid-size, public university with predominantly undergraduate enrolment. Subjects – 4,875 identifiable requests over a three-year period. Methods – A data set of requests for ILLs of monographs over a period of three years was acquired from OCLC resource sharing statistics. This data was manually reviewed to remove duplicate records of the same request, but not multiple requests for the same item. The data included requestor status, department, publication date and subject classification of requested items. Main Results – Differences in use across user statuses and departments were identified. Conclusion – Usage Patterns can accurately illustrate trends in the borrowing behaviour of patrons, and be used to inform liaison librarians about user needs.
Diagnostic Software Architectures

A critical distinguishing characteristic of architectures for families of embedded systems is their relative need for errordetection and-management. This need can range from extreme, as occurs with nearly all life-rated systems, to nominal, such as might occur with simple, inexpensive toys. Increasing a system's capability for error detection and management invariably results in increased complexity and an increased load on system resources. Consequently, even systems with extremely high error management capability sometimes demonstrate anomalous behavior. When this occurs, it is typically necessary to rapidly and effectively identify the source of the anomaly. Therefore, a key consideration when developing an architecture for a family of embedded systems is determining the scope and nature of the diagnostic requirements that will be placed on the architecture. This paper discusses the value of diagnostic architectures, the construction of diagnostic architectures, and techniques for determining where diagnostic elements should be placed within an architecture. The paper also examines several specific diagnostic techniques and discusses tradeoffs between detail, data persistence, system performance, and system resources
Preventing and controlling viral contamination of shellfish

Abstract: A significant proportion of infectious foodbome illnesses worldwide can be attributed to human enteric viruses. Bivalve molluscan shellfish can act as vehicles for transmission of enteric viruses. Viruses accumulate in shellfish digestive diverticula and can infect humans upon ingestion of raw or undercooked shellfish meat. The use of indicator bacteria as an index of fecal contamination in shellfish growing areas reduced bacterial gastrointestinal infections but this practice is believed to have limited predictive value for enteric viral pathogen contamination. Mitigation strategies such as depuration or relaying exist to reduce or eliminate potential enteric virus hazards associated with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish.
The Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment on the Spacelab-II Mission

The Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment flown on the Spacelab-II mission was designed to measure the elemental composition of individual cosmic ray nuclei (Li to Ni) from 40 Gev/amu to several TeV/amu. The detector utilizes plastic scintillation counters for charge measurement, and gas Cerenkov and transition radiation detectors for energy measurements. The data analysis is in progress and results on the energy spectra are expected in the near future.
Effect of air movement on thermal resistance of loose-fill thermal insulations

An apparatus to measure the heat flux through horizontally applied loose-fill insulations with air movement above the insulation has been constructed and used to test specimens of loose-fill cellulosic, fiberglass, and rock wool insulations. Heat flux divided by the temperature difference across insulation specimens was measured for air velocities up to 92 cm/s. An increase in the heat flux term with air movement was observed and correlated with air velocity and specimen density. The magnitude of the increase in the heat flux term was greatest for the specimen of low-density fiberglass insulation.
The struggle for web equality by persons with cognitive disabilities

This article is based on the book eQuality: The Struggle for Web Accessibility by Persons with Cognitive Disabilities (2014, Cambridge University Press). It contends that the rights of individuals with cognitive disabilities to equal access to web content are not only protected under law, but may also be implemented and supported by current user-based, semantic and cloud technologies. Consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act and the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, web content equality is defined through functional, rather than disability-specific, approaches and techniques to enable personalization and customized usage across online functions. Legal challenges brought forward by individuals with cognitive and other disabilities illustrate the barriers still faced by individuals with disabilities to web equality as well as some of the solutions to and outcomes of these challenges. In closing, a view for the full and equal enjoyment of web content, which considers technology, financial benefits, and the role of advocacy and regulations, is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumental variable approaches to identifying the causal effect of educational attainment on dementia risk

Abstract Purpose Education is an established correlate of cognitive status in older adulthood, but whether expanding educational opportunities would improve cognitive functioning remains unclear given limitations of prior studies for causal inference. Therefore, we conducted instrumental variable (IV) analyses of the association between education and dementia risk, using for the first time in this area, genetic variants as instruments as well as state-level school policies. Methods IV analyses in the Health and Retirement Study cohort (1998–2010) used two sets of instruments: (1) a genetic risk score constructed from three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 7981); and (2) compulsory schooling laws (CSLs) and state school characteristics (term length, student teacher ratios, and expenditures; n = 10,955). Results Using the genetic risk score as an IV, there was a 1.1% reduction in dementia risk per year of schooling (95% confidence interval, −2.4 to 0.02). Leveraging compulsory schooling laws and state school characteristics as IVs, there was a substantially larger protective effect (−9.5%; 95% confidence interval, −14.8 to −4.2). Analyses evaluating the plausibility of the IV assumptions indicated estimates derived from analyses relying on CSLs provide the best estimates of the causal effect of education. Conclusions IV analyses suggest education is protective against risk of dementia in older adulthood.
Collective transport of spin density waves in organic salts

Abstract The spin density wave (SDW) in organic conductors like (TMTSF)2PF6 possesses two distinct collective modes; the spin wave and the sliding mode. Since the spin dynamics of SDW is described by an equation similar to the Leggett equation for superfluid 3He, we predict the longitudinal resonance. On the other hand both the electric charge and the current couple to the sliding SDW mode, which gives rise to a variety of nonlinear phenomena similar to those found in the quasi-one dimensional charge density wave (CDW) like NbSe3.
Landslides riding on basal pressure waves

An instability of the Kelvin-Helmholtz type is shown to exist at the interface between an elastic mass moving at a uniform sliding velocity U and an underlying thin basal layer of high-shear granular flow. The generated basal wave will force out-of-phase perturbations in overburden pressure and sliding velocity and hence, a net reduction in the total power loss to friction. This, along with the net working of the basal pressure forces, will result in a net retrieval of energy from the basal zone to the mean motion of the sliding mass, thus effectively reducing the drag at the base. The mechanism is shown to be just as effective for the case of dry slides (no pore fluid), as for the case of wet slides. This confirms that the existence of low-viscosity pore fluid is not necessary for the development of lowdrag, long-runout landslide events.
Who Defines Gender Diversity? Sourcing Routines and Representation in Mainstream U.S. News Stories About Transgenderism

ABSTRACTThis article documents and assesses sourcing patterns used by U.S. journalists in news stories about gender diversity. These patterns reveal the degree to which transgender sources are underrepresented, stereotyped, or assimilated. While transgender people are not deprived completely of a voice, that voice is limited both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Absorption of citrus flavor volatiles by low density polyethylene

The ability of low density polyethylene (LDPE) to absorb citrus flavor compounds was examined. The LDPE sample was mounted on an oxygen electrode. As volatiles were absorbed, oxygen permeation through the polymer increased. Limonene, ethyl butyrate, myrcene, and α-pinene were readily absorbed by LDPE. Octanal, citral, linalool, and α-terpineol were absorbed at much lower levels. Time-course changes in readings were used to calculate diffusion coefficients of volatiles in the polymer. Diffusion coefficients were proportional to the volatile's solubility in the polymer.
Proposals for Interinstitutional Serials Cooperation at the SUNY Centers

This paper discusses CLR grant-assisted projects undertaken by the four SUNY University Center Libraries regarding the issue of resource sharing of low use/high cost periodicals. Other recent consortial initiatives are mentioned. The impact of "Rethinking SUNY is discussed.
Transfer of chlorinated biphenyls to Antarctica

PREVIOUS determinations of synthetic organic compounds in antarctic snow1 and in tissues of species inhabiting the antarctic marine environment2–5 have shown the presence of DDT compounds in almost all samples examined, but the apparent absence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). PCB, however, are ubiquitous marine pollutants north of the Antarctic Convergence2,5–8 and were detected in all eggs and tissues of seabirds examined from the subantarctic Auckland Islands, centred at 166°05′E, 50°40′S. These data have been used to support the hypothesis that the atmosphere is not the primary medium of transport of this class of pollutants to remote environments such as Antarctica1. In the present paper we report the detection of PCB in the eggs of resident penguin species, by removal of unknown compounds previously interfering in the analysis, and in antarctic snow, by application of in situ extraction in the field of large volumes of melted snow. Equivalent levels and ratios of these pollutants in species resident north and south of the Convergence indicate atmospheric, rather than oceanic, transport to Antarctica.
Potential LTD designs based on semiconductor closing switches

Summary form only given. Use of linear transformer driver (LTD) technology offers the capability to build fast, high power accelerators without additional pulse shaping. An LTD cavity contains many gas spark-gap switches and capacitor units, called bricks, connected in parallel to achieve fast rise time and high currents from a DC charge. The accelerator is constructed of series and parallel combinations of cavities to achieve desired current and voltage. Performance depends on characteristics of the individual bricks. A desirable improvement to the design of a brick would be to replace the spark-gap switches with semiconductor switches to make the cavities more compact, have a higher repetition-rate capability, and longer lifetime. Current brick design is based on size of available capacitors, but future design could be optimized for available semiconductor switches. This approach likely leads to accelerator designs that have more cavities with more bricks that use smaller capacitors, but that do not have gas switches. The critical question to address is can an assembly of semiconductor switches and smaller capacitors match the cost and performance of gas switches and be configurable in a sufficiently small volume. Using the existing 1 MA LTD cavity design as a standard, a semi-conductor switch would need to have a current density of 50 to 100 A/cm2, a voltage hold-off gradient of 5 to 10 kV/cm, and a rise time of less than 100 ns, all at a cost of less than 50 k dollars/MA. However, almost all of the available technology fails one or more of these criteria. An exception is an inexpensive-to-fabricate silicon avalanche breakdown thyristor developed by the Ioffe Physical Technical Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. This device, called a deep-level dynistor, has demonstrated 3 kV/cm axial voltage hold-off, 10 kA/cm2 peak current density, and 250 A/ns rise time. In this paper we discuss how this device could be used to design an equivalent 1-MA LTD module without use of gas switches.
Foxa1 and Foxa2 Are Essential for Sexual Dimorphism in Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sexually dimorphic in both rodents and humans, with significantly higher incidence in males, an effect that is dependent on sex hormones. The molecular mechanisms by which estrogens prevent and androgens promote liver cancer remain unclear. Here, we discover that sexually dimorphic HCC is completely reversed in Foxa1- and Foxa2-deficient mice after diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Coregulation of target genes by Foxa1/a2 and either the estrogen receptor (ERα) or the androgen receptor (AR) was increased during hepatocarcinogenesis in normal female or male mice, respectively, but was lost in Foxa1/2-deficient mice. Thus, both estrogen-dependent resistance to and androgen-mediated facilitation of HCC depend on Foxa1/2. Strikingly, single nucleotide polymorphisms at FOXA2 binding sites reduce binding of both FOXA2 and ERα to their targets in human liver and correlate with HCC development in women. Thus, Foxa factors and their targets are central for the sexual dimorphism of HCC.
Entifying your brand among Twitter-using millennials

Abstract Members of the Millennial Generation (‘millennials’) are strongly attached to their smartphones and engrossed in social media. They frequently post pictures and tweet about the products they like and buy. Consequently, established consumer brands unable to master the use of Twitter and other social media are likely to lose their ability to communicate with this generation. This article reports findings from a study of millennials’ Twitter usage and presents the concept of brand entification as the next evolutionary stage of brand personality made possible by this social media. Brand entification refers to a distinct emotional and cognitive attachment between heavy-Twitter-using millennials and the brands they like, and to a unique set of attributions they make toward the brand. Herein, we explain the nature of brand entification, describe how it emerges, and distill some key lessons for brand managers interested in reaching Twitter-using millennials.
Sport: The Conceptual Enigma

(1976). Sport: The Conceptual Enigma. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 35-41.
Sequential parallel LASSO models for eQTL analysis

The availability of large-scale genomic and transcriptomic data on populations makes it necessary to perform computationally intensive expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. Modeling in a sparse learning framework, LASSO based tools are powerful for eQTL analysis. However, classical LASSO becomes limited for big genomic data. We thus propose two novel methods, namely sequential LASSO and parallel LASSO, to conduct eQTL analysis for datasets of ultra-high dimension. We theoretically prove the consistency of our methods under mild conditions and perform extensive simulations on synthetic data to validate our methods. We also apply our methods to a real human genomics database demonstrate the application of our method.
Place preference and microdialysis studies with two derivatives of methylphenidate

Abstract Conditioned place preference studies with derivatives of dl-threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin) which bear a bromine atom or a methoxy group on the para position of the phenyl ring are reported. Both derivatives, as well as methylphenidate itself, induced a significant increase in place preference when administered i/p to rats at 10 mg/Kg, compared with saline conditioned controls. The change for p-bromomethylphenidate was slightly greater than that seen for methylphenidate or p-methoxymethylphenidate. Extracellular dopamine in the striatum, and locomotor activity, were also increased by i/p administration of p-methoxymethylphenidate (20 mg/Kg) to a similar extent to the increases seen with this dose of methylphenidate or p-bromomethylphenidate in an earlier study (Pan et al. Eur.J. Pharmacol. 264: 177–182, 1994). Administration of p-methoxymethylphenidate failed to abolish increases in extracellular dopamine and locomotor activity induced by subsequent administration of cocaine (20 mg/Kg). It is concluded that the methylphenidate derivatives share the general pharmacological properties of other psychostimulant drugs.
BILATERAL CYSTS OF TUNICA ALBUGINEA OF TESTES

A case is presented of a patient with bilateral cysts of the tunica albuginea. An orchiectomy had been accomplished on the right side, with confirmation of cysts of the tunica albuginea. Cysts of the contralateral testicle were diagnosed by testicular ultrasound examination. This case represents the first reported instance of bilateral cysts of the tunica albuginea.
Mixed potential NOx sensors using thin film electrodes and electrolytes for stationary reciprocating engine type applications

Abstract Mixed potential sensors using dense, thin film metal oxide working electrodes, Pt counter electrodes, and thin film YSZ electrolytes on Al2O3 polycrystalline and sapphire substrates were prepared and studied between 450 and 650 °C. Their response to NO, NO2, CO, and C1 and C3 hydrocarbons in 10.4% O2/N2 balance and in air atmospheres was characterized. The lanthanum chromite-based sensors showed preferential sensitivity to NO2 with cross sensitivity to CO and non-methane hydrocarbons such as C3H6 and C3H8 with the highest NOx sensitivity and minimal CO/HC cross sensitivity exhibited by a sensor prepared with a La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 working electrode. Studies of the Mg-doped LaCrO3 devices conducted for up to 800 h at 600 °C showed minimal aging in these devices. In contrast, sensors fabricated with spinel NiCr2O4 or ZnFe2O4 working electrodes showed preferential sensitivity to HCs and minimal sensitivity to NO2. Sensors fabricated with Y0.16Tb0.3Zr0.54O2−∂ working electrodes required operating temperatures in excess of 600 °C and, like the spinels, showed minimal NOx sensitivity. A prototype three-electrode mixed potential device for the detection of multiple gases was also demonstrated. The use of a heated Pt black pre-catalyst upstream to the sensor was demonstrated to effectively remove the CO and hydrocarbon response.
Cell density-dependent increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity in cultured L-929 cells requires de novo protein synthesis.

Abstract Prolyl hydroxylase activity in cultured L-929 cells was found to increase when cells grew from log phase to stationary phase and when cells were harvested at the mid-log phase and replated at higher cell densities. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited the cell density-dependent increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity indicating that the increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity required de novo synthesis of protein and RNA. Prolyl hydroxylase was purified from cultured L-929 cells and antibodies against the protein were raised in rabbits. The antibodies were used to demonstrate that L-929 cells contained two forms of prolyl hydroxylase: an enzymatically active, tetrameric form consisting of two α and two β polypeptide chains and an enzymatically inactive form containing immunologically cross-reacting protein. The polypeptide chains α, β and cross-reacting protein were obtained by immunoadsorption. Peptide map analysis indicated that cross-reacting protein was similar if not identical to β in primary structure, and α was different from both β and cross-reacting protein. The results suggested that the prolyl hydroxylase levels in cells or tissues may be regulated by new protein and/or RNA synthesis.
Meandering and transport variations of the florida current.

Abstract Current meter observations were collected from a three-dimensional array moored in the Florida Straits between December 1983 and June 1984 as part of the Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) program. Approximately one-fourth of the total subinertial velocity and temperature variance contained in these records is associated with meandering of the Florida Current on time scales ranging from several days to a few weeks. There approach to be no strong correlation between the occurrence of meanders and variations in Florida Current volume transport or local wind forcing. Utilizing frequency-domain empirical mode analysis we find the most coherent, energetic meandering signals within two limited frequency bands centered near periods of 12 days and 5 days. These meanders propagate downstream (northward) with phase speeds and wavelengths of approximately (28 km d−1, 340 km) and (36 km d−1, 170 km) respectively. Periodic waveforms composed from these modes indicate an asymmetric meander pattern wi...
High longevity rubidium packaging method suitable for integrated optics

We present a construction approach to long-lasting rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor cells compatible with integrated photonic platforms. Indium solder seals did not exhibit any decrease in optical atomic density after being held at 95 °C for thirty days.
Foot self-care practices among Filipino American women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction To determine the foot self-care practices performed by Filipino American (FA) women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using ferric sulfate and supercritical methanol processes

Abstract In this comparative study, conversion of waste cooking oil to methyl esters was carried out using the ferric sulfate and the supercritical methanol processes. A two-step transesterification process was used to remove the high free fatty acid contents in the waste cooking oil (WCO). This process resulted in a feedstock to biodiesel conversion yield of about 85–96% using a ferric sulfate catalyst. In the supercritical methanol transesterification method, the yield of biodiesel was about 50–65% in only 15 min of reaction time. The test results revealed that supercritical process method is probably a promising alternative method to the traditional two-step transesterification process using a ferric sulfate catalyst for waste cooking oil conversion. The important variables affecting the methyl ester yield during the transesterification reaction are the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the catalyst amount and the reaction temperature. The analysis of oil properties, fuel properties and process parameter optimization for the waste cooking oil conversion are also presented.