cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negative urgency, problem drinking and negative alcohol expectancies among members from one First Nation: A moderated-mediation model

Problematic alcohol use is a major health concern for many Native communities in both Canada and the United States (Spillane & Smith, 2007, 2010; Spillane, Smith, & Kahler, in press). Because health disparities related to alcohol use are pronounced in this population (Beauvais, 1996; Whitesell et al., 2007), it is important to study factors that may contribute to risk for this set of problems. Alcohol expectancies represent a well known risk factor for alcohol use in non-Natives. This study sought to examine the relationship between negative urgency and negative alcohol expectancies, and to determine if this relationship is influenced by problem drinking behaviors. We hypothesized that negative urgency's effects on the development of negative alcohol expectancies would be mediated by negative urgency's influence to increase drinking behaviors in a First Nation sample (see Spillane & Smith, 2010). We also hypothesized that this relationship would be moderated by sex. We administered measures of alcohol use, negative urgency, and negative alcohol use expectancies to a total of 209 First Nation people (96 men; 113 women). Following the steps of moderated mediation outlined by Preacher, Rucker, and Hayes (2007), we found that the relationship between negative urgency and negative alcohol expectancies was significantly mediated by problem drinking for males (β=0.42, p<0.001), but not for females (β=0.13, p=0.32). The current study suggests that for males in this First Nation sample, negative urgency's effects on development of negative alcohol expectancies is mediated by problem drinking behavior.
Noise Predictions for High Subsonic Single and Dual-Stream Jets in Flight

This paper presents numerical jet noise predictions for single and dual-stream jets in ight. The goal of the present work is to study ight e ects in high subsonic Mach number jets. To perform the turbulent ow simulation, a parallel unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS)-Large Eddy Simulation (LES) solver is used. A modi ed Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) model is used to generate the turbulent ow downstream of the nozzle. A structured multi-block grid approach is used to attain a reasonable grid resolution with high order spatial discretization. Solutions of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FWH) equation are used to predict the jet noise spectra at fareld observer locations. The ow parameters and the noise prediction results are compared with PIV and microphone measurements. The computational domains have grid points ranging from 5 million to 9 million and include 14 to 26 blocks. A baseline single stream convergent nozzle and a dual-stream coaxial convergent nozzle are used for the ow and noise analysis. Calculations for the convergent nozzle are performed at a high subsonic jet Mach number of Mj = 0.9. The parallel ow constitutes the ight e ect which is simulated with a coow Mach number, Mcf varying from 0 to 0.28. The statistical properties of the turbulence and heated jet e ects (TTR = 2.7) are studied and related to the noise characteristics of the jet. Both ow and noise predictions show good agreement with the PIV and microphone measurements. The ight velocity exponent, m is calculated from the noise reduction in overall sound pressure levels and relative velocity (10Log10[Vj=(Vj Vcf )]) at all observer angles. There is a distinct variation of the ight velocity exponent with angle: it increases gradually from 3.0 at lower polar angles (relative to the inlet) 50 to 105 to about 6.0 at 110 to 150. A scaling method using the exponent is shown to provide good collapse of the spectra obtained in forward ight. The coaxial nozzle is a Boeing designed convergent nozzle with an area ratio of As=Ap = 3.0, where the primary nozzle extends beyond the secondary nozzle. This con guration is representative of the large turbofan engines in commercial service. The jet ow conditions are: Mpj = 0.9 and Msj = 0.95 with heated core ow, TTRp = 2.26 and unheated fan ow. Only one coow case with Mcf = 0.2 is used. The subscripts p and s represent the primary (core) nozzle and the secondary (fan) nozzle, respectively. The preliminary ight e ect ndings for the dual-stream jet suggest a di erent trend of ight velocity exponent as compared to single stream jet, though only limited predictions are available.
Is beauty in the context-sensitive adaptations of the beholder?: Shiwiar use of waist-to-hip ratio in assessments of female mate value

The proposition that universal standards of female beauty reflect adaptations for reproductive value assessment does not preclude cross-cultural variation that is contingent on local environmental variation. Cross-cultural tests of the hypothesis that men have adaptations generating preference for low female waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) have used stimuli that were not scaled to local conditions, and have confounded WHR with level of body fat. I present a reassessment of the WHR hypothesis, showing that when effects of WHR and body weight are less confounded, and local environmental context is taken into account, it appears that Shiwiar forager–horticulturist men of Ecuadorian Amazonia may use both WHR and body weight in assessments of female sexual attractiveness in a manner consistent with the prediction of a context-sensitive preference psychology.
HYPERSENSITIVENESS AND ANTIBODY FORMATION IN TUBERCULOUS RABBITS

1. Rabbits infected with bovine tubercle bacilli develop hyper-sensitiveness to an intracutaneous injection of tuberculin. This sensitiveness appears from the 2nd to the 6th week after infection and increases rapidly thereafter. Tests, as a rule, show fluctuation in the intensity of the sensitization. Sensitization is followed by an interval of several weeks preceding death during which the animals fail to react. 2. Rabbits infected with bovine tubercle bacilli form antibodies that fix complement in the presence of tubercle bacilli. The antibodies appear after 2 weeks, increase during 6 to 10 weeks, and persist until the animals die. 3. In the later period of infection the skin fails to react to tuberculin at a time when the serum contains complement fixing antibodies.
Facing the Emerging Reality of Regional Nuclear Adversaries

(1994). Facing the Emerging Reality of Regional Nuclear Adversaries. The Washington Quarterly: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 41-71.
Distribution and regulation of aromatase activity in the ram hypothalamus and amygdala

Conversion of androgen to estrogen within the brain by cytochrome P450 aromatase is a component of the system controlling the display of normal male reproductive behavior and negative feedback inhibition of LH secretion in rams. In the present study, we used the highly sensitive 3H2O assay to measure aromatase activity in microdissected regions of the basal diencephalon and amygdala of intact and castrated rams. We found that aromatase activity was heterogeneously distributed. The highest activity was found in the medial amygdala, cortical amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Intermediate levels of aromatase activity were found within the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus, periventricular preoptic area, lateral preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and lateral hypothalamus. The lowest activity was present in the septum, infundibulum/median eminence, and dorsal medial hypothalamus. After castration, aromatase was significantly reduced in the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus, periventricular preoptic area, lateral preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus, and infundibular nucleus/median eminence. In contrast, levels in castrate rams were unchanged in several other regions, most notably the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial and cortical amygdala. These results provide a quantitative profile of aromatase activity in discrete regions of the ram hypothalamus and limbic system. They also demonstrate that aromatase activity is reduced in some, but not all brain regions after castration which suggests that different regulatory mechanisms control aromatase within different neuronal populations of the ram.
An ethnic comparison of self-esteem in Portuguese-, Mexican-, and Anglo-American pupils.

Summary Three groups of Portuguese-, Mexican-, and Anglo-American boys and girls (N = 158) from 5th through 8th grade were compared in self-esteem. The results of the chi square test indicated that there were no significant differences between Mexican and Anglo Ss. However, significant differences were observed when the Portuguese Ss were compared to the other two groups. Here it was discovered that Portuguese boys—but not girls—had significantly higher self-esteem than all other Ss.
Application of the correct information unit analysis to the naturally occurring conversation of a person with aphasia.

The Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis for measuring the communicative informativeness and efficiency of connected speech (Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) was applied to the naturally occurring c...
An absolute method for calibrating microwave attenuators

This method of calibrating a variable attenuator is based on the attenuation through a 3 dB coupler; an iterative process is used to take into account the absorption loss and the unequal power split of the coupler. Details are given of the procedure used for calibrating a particular attenuator, and the method of calibration at intervals of attenuation closer than the nominal 3 dB of the coupler is described. An estimate is made of the possible accuracy of the calibration, which, in the case described, was ±0.4 dB in 40 dB at a frequency of 6.2 Gc/s.
Inhibition of endothelial cell clearance of atrial natriuretic peptide by cyclic GMP treatment.

Summary In a previous study, we reported that cyclic GMP (cGMP) selectively down-regulates the clearance receptor (C-receptor) for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cell line. The present study was undertaken in order to examine the effect of cGMP on the internalization of the ANP-receptor complex in CPAE cells. Maximum binding of [125I]APIII to the cells significantly decreased following the treatment with 1 mM 8-bromo-cGMP for 48 or 72 h. Scatchard analysis of the binding assay data from the treated cells showed a decrease in Bmax (616 to 411 fmol/mg protein) without a significant change in Kd. Removal of cell surface-bound APIII by acetic acid revealed that not only the surface binding, but also the internalization of APIII significantly decreased in 8-bromo-cGMP-treated cells, indicating a decrease in receptor-mediated uptake of ANP into the cells. These results suggest that cGMP regulates the clearance of ANP by vascular endothelial cells.
Using external magnet guidance and endoscopically placed magnets to create suture-free gastro-enteral anastomoses.

Background To facilitate endolumenal and natural orifice procedures, this study evaluated a novel technique using external and endoscopically placed magnets to create suture-free gastroenteral anastomoses.
Web resources for patients with prostate cancer: a starting point.

The information available on the World Wide Web is vast. Patients are becoming increasingly interested in resources available to them on the Internet for health and medical information. As the percentage of Americans with Internet access grows, health care providers are being asked by their patients to facilitate the search for quality information. This article provides the groundwork for urologists counseling their patients about Web-based information on prostate cancer. Internet sites that provide clear, in-depth information about symptoms and characteristics of prostate cancer, common tests performed, prevention, and treatment options are reviewed. Ten high-quality, patient-friendly Web sites that may be used as a resource for patients and physicians are presented.
A Tool for Integrating Commercial Space Operations Into The National Airspace System

Potential growth in the commercial space transportation industry, coupled with an expected doubling of air traffic operations over the next 10 years, could place additional safety and capacity demands on the National Airspace System (NAS). The Space and Air Traffic Management System (SATMS) is a proposed framework of operations designed to accommodate future commercial space operations within the NAS and to provide for the additional safety considerations associated with space vehicles operating in close proximity to air traffic. This paper discusses how the FAA plans to implement this strategy by developing a new decision support tool (DST) that will help air traffic controllers to manage a diverse mix of aircraft and space vehicles operating in shared airspace.
Solar energy in photosynthesis

Abstract Solar energy provides the reducing power within green leaves to convert CO2 and H2O into sugars. The CO2 is supplied by the atmosphere and enters the leaf by diffusion. Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis must either change the CO2 diffusive resistances or the CO2 concentration gradient along the diffusion pathways. Therefore, these effects can be described in terms of diffusive control mechanisms. Light affects CO2 diffusion by initiating photosynthesis, which removes CO2 at the chloroplast and establishes a diffusion gradient. Light also triggers stomatal opening, thereby sharply decreasing the diffusive resistance. However, intense radiation can cause desiccation of stomatal guard cells, a mechanism whereby the diffusive resistance increases. During illumination, leaf cells have both a source (respiration) and sink (photosynthesis) for CO2. Respiration in some species appears to be greatly stimulated by light. This additional internal CO2 flux is a possible reason for a lower efficiency of energy utilization than in species whose respiration is not enhanced by light. Physiological growth responses or movements often occur that position leaves in the light. Plants lacking this capability are often excluded in ecological succession in nature.
A hierarchical production plan for a make-to-order steel fabrication plant

A three-tiered hierarchical production plan (HPP) for a strictly make-to-order steel fabrication plant with the objective of developing a production plan and master schedule for a set of product archetypes is implemented. Data are collected from an actual steel fabrication plant located in the Midwestern section of the US. An aggregate linear programming model, a non-linear disaggregate model and a master production schedule comprise the respective tiers. Appropriate models provide the forecasts needed in the first two tiers. A production plan and master schedule based on data collected at the plant, benefits expected for its implementation and practical limitations are reported.
Advances in the Management of Carotid Artery Disease: Focus on Recent Evidence and Guidelines

Recent landmark randomized trials and society guidelines have significantly revised the management of carotid artery disease. Duplex ultrasonography is the recommended initial diagnostic test for the assessment of extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Carotid artery imaging is reasonable in select patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Carotid revascularization can be achieved safely and effectively with carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting. Because each procedure has a different risk/benefit profile, the optimal approach is to match the particular patient to the intervention that maximizes outcome benefit. Carotid revascularization is recommended in patients scheduled for CABG surgery when the carotid artery stenosis is symptomatic and/or bilateral. Further trials are required to guide the management of asymptomatic unilateral carotid artery stenosis in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Aggressive medical therapy remains the gold standard for intracranial carotid artery disease because landmark trials have shown no outcome improvement with vascular bypass or percutaneous angioplasty and stenting. A large recent trial showed that local anesthesia, as compared with general anesthesia, for carotid endarterectomy has no major clinical outcome advantage. Although carotid artery stenting is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial ischemia, it still has important risks of stroke and hemodynamic instability that significantly affect clinical outcome. The timing and choice of carotid revascularization technique ultimately depends on multiple clinical factors.
Reply to comment by Klump et al. on “Noble gases and stable isotopes in a shallow aquifer in southern Michigan: Implications for noble gas paleotemperature reconstructions for cool climates”

[1] In their comment, Klump et al. [2006], hereinafter referred to as KBK, make three main points concerning Hall et al. [2005]: (1) that the model of excess air that accounts for fractionation via the mechanism of diffusive loss should have produced significant changes from normal isotopic ratios; (2) the suggestion that the presence of excess He in the gas phase in the unsaturated zone is incorrect; and (3) the observed offset in noble gas temperatures (NGTs) from measured ground temperature can be explained by locking in noble gas concentrations during the annual snow melt. Point 3, which is by far the most relevant portion of the comment, deserves most of our attention in this reply. It is important to note up front that the model, as suggested in KBK is completely unworkable for the site studied in the work of Hall et al. [2005]. KBK note that more data would resolve some of the unresolved issues from Hall et al. [2005], but this is true for any preliminary study.
Ares-I Bending Filter Design Using A Constrained Optimization Approach

The Ares-I launch vehicle represents a challenging flex-body structural environment for control system design. Software filtering of the inertial sensor output is required to ensure adequate stable response to guidance commands while minimizing trajectory deviations. This paper presents a design methodology employing numerical optimization to develop the Ares-I bending filters. The design objectives include attitude tracking accuracy and robust stability with respect to rigid body dynamics, propellant slosh, and flex. Under the assumption that the Ares-I time-varying dynamics and control system can be frozen over a short period of time, the bending filters are designed to stabilize all the selected frozen-time launch control systems in the presence of parameter uncertainty. To ensure adequate response to guidance command, step response specifications are introduced as constraints in the optimization problem. Imposing these constrains minimizes performance degradation caused by the addition of the bending filters. The first stage bending filter design achieves stability by adding lag to the first structural frequency to phase stabilize the first flex mode while gain stabilizing the higher modes. The upper stage bending filter design gain stabilizes all the flex bending modes. The bending filter designs provided here have been demonstrated to provide stable first and second stage control systems in both Draper Ares Stability Analysis Tool (ASAT) and the MSFC MAVERIC 6DOF nonlinear time domain simulation.
Up-to-date with endocrine pathology

View Large Image | Download PowerPoint SlideEndocrine Pathology is a wonderfully comprehensive and beautifully illustrated volume on endocrine pathology. It is almost entirely up-to-date and includes superb illustrations of histopathology, of smears, fine-needle aspirates, special stains and electron microscopy where appropriate. It is a pleasure to read and is extremely well organized. Each of the different disease categories in each of the different endocrine systems is summarized in a consistent and pertinent tabular fashion that includes the clinical aspects, the morbidity and mortality, the demographics and the prognosis and therapy, along with the pathologic features: grossly, microscopically and with special analysis. This volume will be of interest not only to pathologists (to whom it was presumably directed) but also to physicians and surgeons who deal with diseases of the endocrine system. It is also a superb resource for students who are studying endocrine disease because the pathologic aspects correlate so directly with clinical findings, recommended treatment, differential diagnosis and ultimate therapy and prognosis.There are very few criticisms that this reviewer can offer. There are a few typographical mistakes but, in most cases, the captions of the superb illustrations are very clear, to the point and stand independently so that illustrations of particular disease entities can easily be found and interpreted. The appendices are interesting and include the TNM classifications of pertinent endocrine tumours, but do not include the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications that might be very useful to pathologists and other individuals interested in the subject. This omission is of particular interest with regard to the chapter on pituitary disease, where a new WHO classification has placed some of the TSH adenomas in the same category with growth hormone and prolactin adenomas because they tend to share a common Pit-1 transcription factor lineage. There is also a new concept of ‘atypical adenoma’ that has been suggested for pituitary tumours that is of questionable merit and, perhaps appropriately, is not discussed in this volume.Endocrine Pathology is a superb contribution. The authors and the producers of the book should be congratulated on a wonderfully useful product that is a pleasure to read and to use as a continuing resource.
Parental age at delivery and incidence of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background Studies on parental age at delivery in relation to breast cancer risk have had mixed results, but prospective data are limited. No study has explored the associations with subtypes of breast cancer defined by hormonal receptor status.
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies-current status.

We have explored the efficacy and toxicity of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors for hematologic malignancies and other disorders. While most marrow donors have been identified through the National Marrow Donor Program in cooperation with many international registries, the recent development of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood (UCB) banks has allowed us to also evaluate this stem cell source. Analysis of the first 211 URD BMT performed at the University of Minnesota shows an overall survival of 33%, with older recipient age and transplant from a donor with a major HLA-A or B mismatch independently associated with poorer survival. Analysis of engraftment of URD marrow shows increasing risk of delayed or incomplete engraftment with increasing HLA disparity between URD and recipient. GVHD is increased in recipients of URD marrow compared with recipients of related donor marrow. Malignant relapse, however, is less frequent in URD marrow recipients, perhaps due to an increased gr...
Arithmetic coding in lossless waveform compression

A method for applying arithmetic coding to lossless waveform compression is discussed. Arithmetic coding has been used widely in lossless text compression and is known to produce compression ratios that are nearly optimal when the symbol table consists of an ordinary alphabet. In lossless compression of digitized waveform data, however, if each possible sample value is viewed as a "symbol" the symbol table would be typically very large and impractical. the authors therefore define a symbol to be a certain range of possible waveform values, rather than a single value, and develop a coding scheme on this basis. The coding scheme consists of two compression stages. The first stage is lossless linear prediction, which removes coherent components from a digitized waveform and produces a residue sequence that is assumed to have a white spectrum and a Gaussian amplitude distribution. The prediction is lossless in the sense that the original digitized waveform can be recovered by processing the residue sequence. The second stage, which is the subject of the present paper, is arithmetic coding used as just described. A formula for selecting ranges of waveform values is provided. Experiments with seismic and speech waveforms that produce near-optimal results are included. >
Solution Synthesis of Germanium Nanocrystals: Success and Open Challenges

We present a two-step synthesis route that yields nanometer-size crystalline germanium in the form of a black powder. It relies on high temperature decomposition of tetraethylgermane (TEG) in organic solvents. The presence of pure germanium with diamond structure is unambiguously attested by powder XRD measurements. Low-resolution TEM indicates that the particles are between ∼5 to 30 nm in size, depending on the synthesis conditions. The as-synthesized Ge powders can be stored in air for months and no oxidation occurs. The Ge powders are sparingly soluble in conventional solvents because Ge nanocrystals are likely embedded in a matrix composed mainly of CC, C−C, and C−H bonds. The presence of residual organic byproducts impedes probing of the optical properties of the dots. Also, we discuss drawbacks and open challenges in high-temperature solution synthesis of Ge nanocrystals that could also be faced in the synthesis of Si nanocrystals. Overall, our results call for a cautious interpretation of reported ...
Location of the terminal hinge axis and its effect on the second molar cusp position

Incorrect location of the terminal hinge axis of 5 and 8 mm to the anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior was examined. With jaw relation records 3 and 6 mm thick at the incisors, the errors in cusp height at the second molar ranged from 0.15 mm open space to 0.4 mm excess height. The mesiodistal error ranged from 0.51 mm toward the distal to 0.52 mm toward the mesial. While the mesiodistal component to the error has been calculated in the past with some accuracy, the values obtained have varied because different anatomic dimensions were used. In addition, the vertical component of the error in cusp height as illustrated in Fig. 2 was not considered and/or not subjected to in-depth calculation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EXPRESSION AND STEROID HORMONE CONTROL OF SIALOMUCIN COMPLEX IN THE RAT UTERUS : IMPLICATIONS FOR UTERINE RECEPTIVITY

The sialomucin complex (SMC), originally isolated as a heterodimeric glycoprotein complex from membranes of ascites sublines of a highly metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma, consists of a high Mr mucin subunit (ASGP-1, ascites sialoglycoprotein) and a transmembrane subunit (ASGP-2) with two epidermal growth factor-like domains. SMC has been characterized in the mammary gland, where it is present in both membrane and nonmembrane (soluble) forms, the latter lacking its transmembrane domain. SMC in the mammary gland is observed during pregnancy and lactation, but not in the virgin gland, and is regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Both membrane and nonmembrane forms of SMC are found in rat uterus, also as a complex of ASGP-1 and ASGP-2. Immunocytochemical analyses indicate that the primary site of expression is at the luminal surface of the endometrium. Approximately 40% of the SMC, corresponding to the nonmembrane fraction, is removed by rinsing uterine preparations with saline, indicating that the soluble form is adsorbed loosely to the cell surface. In contrast to mammary gland, SMC is most highly expressed in the virgin animal, and its expression varies during the estrous cycle with the steady state level of transcript. The complex is present in a location consistent with steric inhibition of blastocyst implantation and is abruptly lost at the beginning of the period of receptivity for implantation. Expression of SMC in the uterus is regulated by estrogen and progesterone and is inversely correlated with receptivity. Both implantation and loss of SMC expression can be blocked with RU486. We propose that the downregulation of SMC and its loss from the apical surface of the rat uterine lining contribute to the generation of the receptive state for uterine implantation. Furthermore, the presence of both membrane and soluble SMC at the luminal surface of the endometrium may provide a model for its proposed protective function in other accessible and vulnerable epithelia. J. Cell. Physiol. 176:110–119, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A real-time program trace compressor utilizing double move-to-front method

This paper introduces a new unobtrusive and cost-effective method for the capture and compression of program execution traces in real-time, which is based on a double move-to-front transformation. We explore its effectiveness and describe a cost-effective hardware implementation. The proposed trace compressor requires only 0.12 bits per instruction of trace port bandwidth, at the cost of 25K gates.
Intraocular pressure alterations following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide

Aims: To determine the prevalence of intraocular pressure (IOP) alterations following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and to assess possible risk factors of IOP elevation in eyes receiving single and/or repeat injections. Methods: Retrospective, consecutive case series. 570 consecutive eyes of 536 patients who received a single IVTA injection (4 mg/0.1 ml) and a second set of 43 eyes of 40 patients who received a second injection. Retrospective review of all IVTA cases performed by three vitreoretinal surgeons over a 42 month period beginning in 2000. The main outcome measure was change in IOP defined as absolute value of IOP elevation (5 mm Hg or higher, 10 mm Hg or higher), and percentage of baseline (30% or higher increase from baseline IOP). Results: Of the 528 eyes receiving single injections, 281 (53.2%) had an IOP elevation; 267 eyes (50.6%) experienced an elevation of IOP of at least 30%, and 245 (45.8%) and 75 (14.2%) eyes had an increase of 5 mm Hg or 10 mm Hg or more, respectively. Baseline IOP greater than 16 mm Hg is a risk factor for post-injection IOP elevation. Of the 43 eyes which received a second injection, 28 (65.1%) experienced an increase in IOP of at least 30% of baseline. Filtering surgery was required in five (0.094%) of the single and one (2.3%) of repeat injection eyes. Conclusions: Elevated IOP after IVTA is common and patients should be monitored beyond 6 months post-injection. Patients with a baseline IOP more than 16 mm Hg or receiving a second injection should be carefully monitored for an elevated IOP.
Expression of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia of normal and HSV-1 infected mice.

Purpose: Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammation through interaction with its natural ligands LIGHT and lymphotoxin alpha and also serves as one of the entry receptors of herpes simplex virus (HSV). The purpose of this study was to better understand the expression of HVEM in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG), which are important targets of HSV infection.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to define HVEM expression in the cornea and TG of normal and HSV-1 infected mice euthanized 2 to 5 days or 7 months following corneal inoculation of virus.Results: We found that HVEM is widely expressed in the normal corneal epithelium and endothelium, is weakly and focally expressed in the corneal stroma, and is expressed in a portion of neurons and non-neuronal cells in the TG. Acute HSV-1 keratitis and ganglionitis were associated with increased HVEM expression in the corneal epithelium and stroma and in neurons and non-neuronal cells of TG, and ...
Missing Children in National News Coverage: Racial and Gender Representations of Missing Children Cases

This research explores race- and gender-related selection bias in national television news coverage of missing children cases. When the proportions of race and gender from the news coverage of five national television stations between 2005 and 2007 were compared to official missing children statistics, it was found that African American missing children and female missing children were significantly underrepresented in television news coverage. It is argued that such things as newsroom diversity, news operation routines, media ownership, and commercial motives of media contribute to the race- and gender-related media bias.
The Discovery of the “Polarity of Light”

Although the wave theory had established its dominance by the mid 1830s, its opponents in Britain did not immediately surrender to the new orthodoxy. On the contrary, they continued to resist the wave theory. During the late 1830s and the entire 1840s, opponents of the wave theory in Britain kept throwing up all kinds of observational and experimental data that the wave theory at that time did not or apparently could not explain, initiating many debates with wave theorists, who fought hard to minimize the damage. Among these debates, perhaps the one initiated by Brewster in 1837 on the “polarity of light” was most significant, both because of its scale — it involved almost every first-rank wave theorists in Britain — and because of its duration — it lasted more than a decade, during which wave theorists failed to explain the phenomenon.
Listening to God: Using Meta–Terminology to Describe Revelation in a Comparative Theistic Context1

: Starting from the assertion that comparative theology is inherently dialogical in nature, this paper examines the use of non-confessional meta-terminology and its application in interfaith dialogue. In so doing, it examines potential meta-terms for describing revelation as related in the Bhagavad-Gita, the Qur’an, and the Gospel of John, and concludes that non-confessional terms aid in the dismissal of normative viewpoints, leading to greater appreciation of commonality and meaning in the truth claims of other faiths and dialogue partners.
Spoiled Milk: An Experimental Examination of Bias Against Mothers Who Breastfeed

Drawing from the objectification literature, three experiments tested the hypothesis that breastfeeding mothers are the victims of bias. In Study 1, participants rated a woman who had breastfed as incompetent. Study 2 replicated these effects and determined that the bias was specific to conditions that sexualized the breast. In Study 3, participants interacted with a confederate in which attention was drawn to her as a mother, as a mother who breastfeeds, as a woman with sexualized breasts, or in a neutral condition. Results showed the breastfeeding confederate was rated significantly less competent in general, in math and work specifically, and was less likely to be hired compared to all other conditions, except for the sexualized breast condition. Importantly, the breastfeeding mother emphasis and the sexualized breast emphasis resulted in equally negative evaluations. Results suggest that although breastfeeding may be economical and healthy, the social cost is potentially great.
Measuring 'normalcy' in plant gene expression after herbivore attack.

Plants make drastic changes to their transcriptome to appropriately respond to environmental change, and the regulation of genes that are specific to abiotic and biotic stresses is a key to plant survival. The coordination of defence gene transcription is often coupled with significant adjustments in the levels of expression of primary metabolic and structural genes to relocate resources, repair damage and/or induce senescence. This complicates the process of finding suitable ‘housekeeping’ or reference genes to use in measurements of gene expression by real-time reverse transcription (RT–PCR) in response to herbivore attack. Several software programs have been developed to identify candidate reference genes, but measurement of their expression may still not yield an appropriate gene or suite of genes for normalization. This is especially true in plant–herbivore interactions where tissue damage is immediate and continuous. Here, we show that 12 traditional reference genes customarily used in RT–PCR analysis are not stably expressed after insect attack. We describe the pitfalls of using traditional reference genes and why insect attack may be affecting whole cell metabolism. We propose a method using RNA quantification in combination with an external spike of commercially available mRNA as normalization factors in studies involving herbivory, multiple stress treatments or species where stable reference genes are unknown.
Experimental infection of domestic canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum: a new model system for a wildlife disease.

The ethical and logistical challenges inherent in experimental infections of wild-caught animals present a key limitation to the study of wildlife diseases. Here we characterize a potentially useful domestic model for a wildlife disease that has been of particular interest in recent decades; that is, infection of North American house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) with Mycoplasma gallisepticum, more commonly known as a worldwide poultry pathogen. Seven domestic canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) were infected experimentally with M. gallisepticum alongside two wild-caught house finches (C. mexicanus) and the resulting clinical disease, pathogen load, serology and pathology were compared. Although rates of morbidity were higher in domestic canaries in response to M. gallisepticum infection, no significant differences were detected between the two species in the four measures of infection and disease studied. Our results support previous field and experimental studies that have documented universal suscept...
Empirical Study of an Adaptive Multiscale Model for Simulating Cardiac Conduction

We modify and empirically study an adaptive multiscale model for simulating cardiac action potential propagation along a strand of cardiomyocytes. The model involves microscale partial differential equations posed over cells near the action potential upstroke and macroscale partial differential equations posed over the remainder of the tissue. An important advantage of the modified model of this paper is that, unlike our original model, it does not require perfect alignment between myocytes and the macroscale computational grid. We study the effects of gap-junctional coupling, ephaptic coupling, and macroscale grid spacing on the accuracy of the multiscale model. Our simulations reveal that the multiscale method accurately reproduces both the wavespeed and the waveform, including both upstroke and recovery, of fully microscale models. They also reveal that perfect alignment between myocytes and the macroscale grid is not necessary to reproduce the dynamics of a traveling action potential. Further, our simulations suggest that the macroscale grid spacing used in an adaptive multiscale model need not be much finer than the spatial width of an action potential. These results are demonstrated to hold under high, low, and zero gap-junctional coupling regimes.
Neural development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) pectoral fin

The innervation and actuation of limbs have been major areas of research in motor control. Here we describe the innervation of the pectoral fins of the larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) and its ontogeny. Imaging and genetic tools available in this species provide opportunities to add new perspectives to the growing body of work on limbs. We used immunocytological and gross histological techniques with confocal microscopy to characterize the pattern of pectoral fin nerves. We retrogradely labeled fin neurons to describe the distributions of the pectoral fin motor pool in the spinal cord. At 5 days postfertilization, four nerves innervate the pectoral fins. We found that the rostral three nerves enter the fin from the dorsal side of the fin base and service the dorsal and middle fin regions. The fourth nerve enters the fin from the ventral fin base and innervates the ventral region. We found no mediolateral spatial segregation between adductor and abductor cell bodies in the spinal cord. During the larval stage pectoral fins have one adductor and one abductor muscle with an endoskeletal disc between them. As the skeleton and muscles expand and differentiate through postlarval development, there are major changes in fin innervation including extensive elaboration to the developing muscles and concentration of innervation to specific nerves and fin regions. The pattern of larval fin innervation recorded is associated with later muscle subdivision, suggesting that fin muscles may be functionally subdivided before they are morphologically subdivided.
Is justice good for your sleep? (And therefore, good for your health?)

In this paper, we present an argument strengthening the view of Norman Daniels, Bruce Kennedy and Ichiro Kawachi that justice is good for one's health. We argue that the pathways through which social factors produce inequalities in sleep more strongly imply a unidirectional and non-voluntary causality than with most other public health issues. Specifically, we argue against the ‘voluntarism objection’ – an objection that suggests that adverse public health outcomes can be traced back to the free and voluntary choices of individual actors. Our argument proceeds along two lines: an empirical line and a conceptual line. We first show that much of the empirical research on sleep supports the view that those with fewer opportunities are those who have poorer sleep habits. We then argue that sleep-related decisions are not of the same nature as most other lifestyle choices, and therefore are not as easily susceptible to the voluntarism objection.
Cation positions in cerium X zeolites

Abstract The cation positions and the resulting changes, which were caused by the replacement of sodium ions by cerium ions, in the zeolite framework of cerium exchanged 13X-type molecular sieves, 0.3 Na2O · 13.0 Ce2O3 · 44.0 Al2O3 · 104.0 SiO2 · n H2O1, have been determined by structural studies using X-ray powder data. In the exchanged sieve ( a 0 = 25.10 ± 0.02 A ), in which nearly all of the remaining 2% of sodium oxide has been removed by (NH4SO4 exchange, cerium ions were found to partially occupy site S4 in the large cavity and site S2 in the sodalite cage. When this material was calcined at 540 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere ( a 0 = 24.94 ± 0.02 A ), the cerium cations were found to migrate to sites S1, S2, and S5 with the majority of the cations being in S2. Site S1 is in the hexagonal prism and is the least accessible site. Upon dehydration of the material at 540 ° C in air ( a 0 = 24.86 ± 0.02 A ), however, the cations moved to sites S1 and S2 only, with the majority of them being in S2 sites. The three cations (on the average) per sodalite cage which occupied S2 sites displayed a strong repulsion for each other. This repulsion resulted in a significant distortion of the sodalite cage. The greater cationic repulsion observed when calcination was done in air versus a much lesser repulsion when calcination was done in a nitrogen atmosphere is due to the oxidation of at least 50% of the Ce3+ cations to the 4+ oxidation state. For the hydrated sample the occupancy factor of S4 sites is 0.66. The population parameter of S2 is 0.69 and 0.74 for the nitrogen calcined zeolite and for the air calcined zeolite with the corresponding closest CeO distances for this site being 2.56 and 2.66 A, respectively.
Regularized simultaneous model selection in multiple quantiles regression

Simultaneously estimating multiple conditional quantiles is often regarded as a more appropriate regression tool than the usual conditional mean regression for exploring the stochastic relationship between the response and covariates. When multiple quantile regressions are considered, it is of great importance to share strength among them. In this paper, we propose a novel regularization method that explores the similarity among multiple quantile regressions by selecting a common subset of covariates to model multiple conditional quantiles simultaneously. The penalty we employ is a matrix norm that encourages sparsity in a column-wise fashion. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using both simulations and an application of gene expression data analysis.
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Aspartic Endopeptidases: Plasmodium Plasmepsins and “Short” Recombinant Human Pseudocathepsin

The unit describes a basic protocols utilized to obtain milligram amounts of enzymatically active, pure recombinant Plasmodium plasmepsins and "short" human pseudocathepsin D. Specific details for the expression and purification of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin 2 and "short" human pseudocathepsin D in zymogen form are described in this chapter. The plasmepsin 2 protocols are also applicable to Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae plasmepsins, as well as P. falciparum plasmepsin 4.
Mode-sum to ray-sum transformation in a spherical and an aspherical earth

SUMMARY We complete our series of studies on the duality between relatively high-frequency normal modes and seismic body waves by explicitly converting the normal-mode summation expressing the elastic response of a spherically symmetric earth model into a body-wave summation. The procedures in this conversion are discussed in detail for a crust-stripped version of model 1066A with a solid mantle, a fluid outer core and a solid inner core. The resulting body-wave responses, the Green tensors representing the various body waves, are in agreement with the well-documented results obtained using geometrical ray theory. The results derived for the spherically symmetric earth model are then used to obtain the first-order body-wave Green tensors in a laterally heterogeneous earth model based upon the Born approximation. The first-order effect of the coupling between normal-mode multiplets is shown to be equivalent to the single scattering of seismic body waves by the lateral heterogeneity, as expected from numerous previous studies. We present compact expressions for the scattering matrix and the body-wave Frechet kernels. A few numerical examples of the Frechet kernels for monochromatic body waves are also provided.
New Permian Durhaminid Cerioid Corals from East-central California

Permian colonial corals from Artinskian to Kungurian strata in the Conglomerate Mesa area, Inyo Mountains, east-central California, include five new species, one of which is assigned to a new genus. The new taxa are: Malpaisia maceyi n. gen. and n. sp., Pararachnastraea bellula n. sp., P. delicata n. sp., P. owensensis n. sp., and Cordillerastraea inyoensis n. sp. These species, several of which compare most closely with other Artinskian and Kungurian species from eastern Nevada and northern Mexico, represent three distinct stocks that differentiated on an isolated submarine uplift offshore from the main part of the Cordilleran carbonate shelf.
Featured review article

Restoring conectedness in the Kosmos: A healing tale of a deeper order Ken Wilber. Sex, Ecology, Spirituality, Vol 1: The Spirit of Evolution. Boston: Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1995.831 pp. $40.00.
RF Built-in-Self-Test

This chapter expands on the previous discussion on the BiST-ready RF SoC and the design of suitable RF sensors for true on-chip test. We place the RF amplitude detector designed in the previous chapter in the test loop to enable a number of important characteristic tests for RF and mm-wave blocks. We first describe the overall BiST routine that makes use of the digital core, transmitter circuits and loopback elements to generate test signals and route them accordingly to accomplish specification testing of most RF blocks through simple one- and two-tone tests. Then we demonstrate the effectiveness and viability of the RF detector in predicting and quantifying signal and circuit parameters through simulation examples in various frequency bands and process technologies.