cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cause and Conviction: The Role of Causation in Section 1983 Wrongful Conviction Claims

On December 15, 1984, William O’Dell Harris, a talented athlete in Rand, West Virginia, had the same concerns as most teenagers. Harris had been offered several college scholarships and was deciding where to attend college.1 Six months later, after being falsely accused of sexually assaulting a young woman, Harris was dealing with issues that would confound most adults.2 On December 16, 1984, a young woman who lived near Harris was sexually assaulted outside of her home.3 Harris was arrested and charged with first-degree sexual assault approximately seven months later.4 Although Harris was a juvenile at the time of the assault, prosecutors opted to try him as an adult.5 At trial, the victim identified Harris as her attacker,6 the deputy sheriff “emphatically supported her testimony,”7 and Fred Zain, a police serologist, “testified that the genetic markers in the semen left by the assailant matched those of Harris and only 5.9 percent of the population.”8 Despite Harris’s alibi9 and repeated proclamations of his innocence, the jury returned with a guilty verdict. The jury convicted Harris
Brain state-dependent high-frequency activity as a biomarker for abnormal neocortical networks in an epileptic spasms animal model.

OBJECTIVE Epileptic spasms are a hallmark of a severe epileptic state. A previous study showed neocortical up and down states defined by unit activity play a role in the generation of spasms. However, recording unit activity is challenging in clinical settings, and more accessible neurophysiological signals are needed for the analysis of these brain states. METHODS In the tetrodotoxin model, we used 16-channel microarrays to record electrophysiological activity in the neocortex during interictal periods and spasms. High-frequency activity (HFA) in the frequency range of fast ripples (200-500 Hz) was analyzed, as were slow wave oscillations (1-8 Hz), and correlated with the neocortical up and down states defined by multiunit activity (MUA). RESULTS HFA and MUA had high temporal correlation during interictal and ictal periods. Both increased strikingly during interictal up states and ictal events but were silenced during interictal down states and preictal pauses, and their distributions were clustered at the peak of slow oscillations in local field potential recordings. In addition, both HFA power and MUA firing rates were increased to a greater extent during spasms than interictal up states. During non-rapid eye movement sleep, the HFA rhythmicity faithfully followed the MUA up and down states, but during rapid eye movement sleep when MUA up and down states disappeared the HFA rhythmicity was largely absent. We also observed an increase in the number of HFA down state minutes prior to ictal onset, consistent with the results from analyses of MUA down states. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence that HFA may serve as a biomarker for the pathological up states of epileptic spasms. The availability of HFA recordings makes this a clinically practical technique. These findings will likely provide a novel approach for localizing and studying epileptogenic neocortical networks not only in spasms patients but also in other types of epilepsy.
Visible Light Induced Brønsted Acid Assisted Pd-Catalyzed Alkyl Heck Reaction of Diazo Compounds and N-Tosylhydrazones

A mild visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction of diazo compounds and N -tosylhydrazones is reported. A broad range of vinyl arenes and heteroarenes with high functional group tolerance, as well as a range of different diazo compounds, can efficiently undergo this transformation. This method features Bronsted acid-assisted generation of hybrid palladium C(sp 3 )-centered radical intermediate, which allowed for new selective C-H functionalization protocol.
The impact of left ventricular size on outcomes after centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device implantation.

Objectives The influence of preoperative left ventricular size in outcomes following centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has not been well characterized. Methods A cohort of 313 patients who received a centrifugal-flow LVAD at a single institution was analysed. Using a maximally selected log-rank statistic, we investigated whether a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) cut-off point was associated with worse outcomes. The cohort was then divided in 2 groups based on the LVEDD cut-off point. Results An LVEDD cut-off point of 59 mm was found to predict worse survival. Smaller LVEDD patients (≤59 mm, N = 52) were older and more likely to have a history of coronary artery disease compared those with a larger LVEDD (>59 mm, N = 261). Smaller LVEDD patients had lower survival compared to larger LVEDD patients (71% vs 85% at 1 year and 58% vs 80% at 2 years, P = 0.003). The need for temporary right ventricular mechanical support was significantly higher in the smaller LVEDD cohort (11.5% vs 1.9%, P = 0.002). Pump flows at time of discharge were lower in the smaller LVEDD group (3.8 vs 4.2 l/min, P = 0.005), who also had a higher incidence of late right ventricular failure (23% vs 12%, P = 0.02), higher rates of gastrointestinal bleeding (0.416 vs 0.256 events per patient-year, P = 0.025) and higher readmissions secondary to low flow alarms (0.429 vs 0.240 events per patient-year, P = 0.007). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that smaller LVEDD, older age, high BUN and high bilirubin levels were independent predictors of worse survival. Conclusions In patients receiving a centrifugal-flow LVAD, smaller preoperative LVEDD (≤59 mm) was associated with lower survival and higher incidence of adverse outcomes.
Development of ammonium bifluoride fusion method for rapid dissolution of trinitite samples and analysis by ICP-MS

Field deployable dissolution techniques are needed to decrease response time following a nuclear event. This study tested the capability of NH4HF2 fusion to dissolve trinitite. Dissolution of trinitite by NH4HF2 fusion was compared to conventional microwave digestion. Following digestion, trace elements were measured using ICP-MS. This work demonstrates that low temperature fusion with NH4HF2 is capable of dissolving trinitite samples. The low purity of the NH4HF2 resulted in a higher limit of detection for several elements when compared to microwave digestion with high purity acids.
Resolution of Enzymes Catalyzing Energy-linked Transhydrogenation II. INTERACTION OF TRANSHYDROGENASE FACTOR WITH THE RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM CHROMATOPHORE MEMBRANE

Abstract 1. The energy-linked transhydrogenase system of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores has been resolved into a water-soluble protein component, the transhydrogenase factor (TH1) and an insoluble membrane component. TH1 was removed from the chromatophore membrane by washing with large volumes of buffer and concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. 2. Addition of TH1 to chromatophores depleted of TH1 (Ct-particles) reconstituted energy-linked transhydrogenation to rates observed with unresolved chromatophores. However, TH1 did not stimulate transhydrogenation appreciably in unresolved chromatophores. 3. The formation of a stable complex between TH1 and Ct-particles required the presence of low concentrations of NADP+ or NADPH; half-maximal binding occurred at 0.4 µm and 0.2 µm, respectively. 4. NADPH at concentrations in excess of 10 µm inhibited TH1 binding to Ct-particles, whereas excess NADP+ did not inhibit binding of TH1. NADH did not stimulate TH1 binding, but totally inhibited that supported by NADP+ or NADPH. High concentrations of NADP+ were unable to reverse the inhibition of TH1 binding observed in the presence of reduced pyridine nucleotides. Dissociation of TH1 from chromatophores was stimulated, whereas the binding of TH1 to Ct-particles was inhibited in the presence of a complete mixture of the components of the transhydrogenase assay medium. NADP+ stabilized the TH1-membrane complex during washing of the chromatophores. These findings suggest that dissociation of TH1 from chromatophores during washing is a result of the removal of membrane-bound pyridine nucleotides. Further indicated is that the TH1-membrane complex is reversibly dissociated during the process of active transhydrogenation.
Unsupervised learning with permuted data

We consider the problem of unsupervised learning from a matrix of data vectors where in each row the observed values are randomly permuted in an unknown fashion. Such problems arise naturally in areas such as computer vision and text modeling where measurements need not be in correspondence with the correct features. We provide a general theoretical characterization of the difficulty of "unscrambling" the values of the rows for such problems and relate the optimal error rate to the well-known concept of the Bayes classification error rate. For known parametric distributions we derive closed-form expressions for the optimal error rate that provide insight into what makes this problem difficult in practice. Finally, we show how the Expectation-Maximization procedure can be used to simultaneously estimate both a probabilistic model for the features as well as a distribution over the correspondence of the row values.
Connectivity and bandwidth-aware real-time exploration in mobile robot networks

Although there has been substantial progress for multi-robot exploration of an unknown area, little attention has been given to communication, especially bandwidth constraints in time-sensitive and bandwidth-consuming tasks such as search and surveillance. In such tasks, video/audio streams of a newly explored area should be sent back to the base station in a timely manner. To address this issue, we propose connectivity and bandwidth-aware exploration (CBAX), which is an efficient iteration based real-time exploration. CBAX divides the problem into frontier node placement, relay node placement with routing path selection, and matching of each robot with its target position. Moreover, we model bandwidth-constrained relay node placement into a new variant of the Steiner minimum tree problem and present our solution. While reducing the exploration time, CBAX maintains the network’s connectivity and ensures the aggregated data flows are under the link capacity in transmission. Simulation shows that CBAX outperforms two recent exploration schemes qualitatively by demonstrating major improvement in terms of non-overflow transmission time and fully connected transmission time. With enhanced communication quality, CBAX still reduces the exploration time, on average, by 40% and 15%, respectively. In moderately dense scenarios, CBAX even decreases time by 50% and 25%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective enumeration of Fusobacterium necrophorum from the bovine rumen

Abstract A culture medium containing lactate as the sole energy source and antibiotics (bacitracin, gentamicin, and streptomycin) was used for selection and enumeration of Fusobacterium necrophorum from bovine ruminal contents. F. necrophorum growth was determined by indole production, and enumeration was performed by the most-probable-number technique. The number of F. necrophorum cells in cattle fed a 100% forage diet was 7 x 10(5)/g of ruminal contents. The number increased (P < 0.05) 10-fold after the diet was changed to 85% corn grain.
Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Impulsleitung

Adaquate Reizung von Sinnesorganen fuhrt zur Entstehung von Generatorpotentialen in den spezifischen Sinnesrezeptoren. Die Hohe des Generatorpotentials bestimmt die Zahl und die Frequenz der Nervenaktionspotentiale in den angeschlossenen Nervenfasern. Die Aktionspotentiale erreichen uber mehrere hintereinandergeschaltete Neurone die spezifischen sensorischen Rindenfelder, wobei bereits vor deren Eintreffen im Cortex Prozesse der Filterung und Integration in den einzelnen synaptischen Schaltstationen ablaufen.
Allergens in Hymenoptera venom XI. Isolation of protein allergens from Vespula maculifrons (yellow jacket) venom.

Abstract Pure Vespula maculifrons venom was demonstrated to contain five major allergenic proteins, which were all isolated from commercial venom sac extract. The five proteins: Vmacl, MW 97,000; hyaluronidase, MW 46,000; Vmac3, MW 39,000, phospholipase A and B, MW 34,000; and antigen 5, MW 22,000 were all demonstrated to be biochemically and immunologically distinct. All five proteins had significant allergenic activity, with phospholipase and hyaluronidase demonstrating the most IgE binding with 39 sera from allergic patients. Sera from honeybee-reactive patients, who had weak cross-reactions with yellow jacket venom, demonstrated strong IgE binding to purified V. maculifrons hyaluronidase and Vmacl. Dose-dependent inhibition of RAST was observed by use cf honeybee hyaluronidase and high-molecular-weight fraction to inhibit the binding to the corresponding yellow jacket allergen.
Modification of plasma proteins by cigarette smoke as measured by protein carbonyl formation

Exposure of human plasma to gas-phase (but not to whole) cigarette smoke (CS) produces oxidative damage to lipids [Frei, Forte, Ames & Cross (1991) Biochem. J. 277, 133-138], which is prevented by ascorbic acid. The ability of CS to induce protein damage was measured by the carbonyl assay and by loss of enzyme activity and protein -SH groups. Both whole and gas-phase CS caused formation of carbonyls in human plasma, which was partially inhibited by GSH but not by ascorbic acid or metal-ion-chelating agents. Isolated albumin exposed to CS showed much faster carbonyl formation (per unit protein) than did whole plasma; damage to isolated albumin was partially prevented by chelating agents. Isolated creatine kinase (CK) lost activity upon exposure to CS much faster than did CK in plasma. Direct addition to plasma of mixtures of some or all of the aldehydes reported to be present in CS caused protein carbonyl formation and inactivation of CK, but neither occurred to the extent produced by CS exposure.
Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) Is Associated with Reduced Graft Survival in Pancreas Transplantation

Prior single-center studies have reported that pancreas allograft survival is not affected by preservation in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) versus University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. To expand on these studies, we analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database of pancreas transplants from July 2004, through February 2008, to determine if preservation with HTK (N = 1081) versus UW (N = 3311) impacted graft survival. HTK preservation of pancreas allografts increased significantly in this time frame, from 15.4% in 2004 to 25.4% in 2008. After adjusting for other recipient, donor, graft and transplant center factors that impact graft survival, HTK preservation was independently associated with an increased risk of pancreas graft loss (hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, p = 0.014), especially in pancreas allografts with cold ischemia time (CIT) ≥12 h (HR 1.42, p = 0.017). This reduced survival with HTK preservation as compared to UW preservation was seen in both simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplants and pancreas alone (PA) transplants. Furthermore, HTK preservation was also associated with a 1.54-fold higher odds of early (<30 days) pancreas graft loss as compared to UW (OR 1.54, p = 0.008). These results suggest that the increasing use of HTK for abdominal organ preservation should be re-examined.
Quantitative comparison between full-spectrum and filter-based imaging in hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy.

We implement a filterless illumination scheme on a hyperspectral fluorescence microscope to achieve full-range spectral imaging. The microscope employs polarisation filtering, spatial filtering and spectral unmixing filtering to replace the role of traditional filters. Quantitative comparisons between full-spectrum and filter-based microscopy are provided in the context of signal dynamic range and accuracy of measured fluorophores’ emission spectra. To show potential applications, a five-colour cell immunofluorescence imaging experiment is theoretically simulated. Simulation results indicate that the use of proposed full-spectrum imaging technique may result in three times improvement in signal dynamic range compared to that can be achieved in the filter-based imaging.
PTEN and TP53 Mutations in Oncocytic Follicular Carcinoma

Oncocytic follicular carcinoma (OFC)/Hurthle cell carcinoma represents 3–4 % thyroid carcinomas and can be associated with more aggressive behavior and compromised survival compared to non-oncocytic thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we utilized targeted next-generation sequencing to investigate the molecular alterations in a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive OFC. A total of 12 cases of OFC were included in this study. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using panels of 47 or 20 genes, which are frequently mutated in solid tumors. The case cohort comprised eight cases of angioinvasive OFC, two cases of poorly differentiated OFC, one case of OFC with anaplastic change, and one case of OFC with capsular invasion only. Five out of 12 cases (42 %) harbored TP53 mutation. PTEN mutations were also seen in three cases with TP53 mutation (25 %). Based on this study, TP53 and PTEN are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of OFC. Further studies on a larger case cohort are needed to further elucidate this mechanism and its effect on clinical behavior of these intriguing tumors.
A Descriptive Study of the Extent to which Self-perceived Needs of Parents are met in Paediatric Units in Iceland

The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which parents of 2-12-year-old hospitalized children perceive their needs to be met in paediatric units, what variables influence parents' perception, and whether parents need help from the hospital to meet their needs. Parents perceived that most of their needs were met fully or to some extent. The need to be able to stay with the child 24 h a day was perceived as fully met by all parents. Needs perceived as important but poorly met were as follows: written information about the child's health status, information about financial assistance and follow-up after discharge. Independent variables identified as being related to the extent to which individual needs were met were as follows: parents' age (p < or = 0.05), distance between home and hospital (p < or = 0.05), parents' education (p < or = 0.05), length of hospital stay (p < or = 0.01) and severity of child's illness (p < or = 0.01). Most parents perceived that they needed help from the hospital to meet their needs. These findings call for identification of effective interventions to meet parents' needs.
Root-Locus Analysis of Electromagnetic Amplifiers

The author describes a convenient method for analyzing the characteristics of an electroacoustic amplifier using root-locus techniques. This technique provides a quick and graphical description of the one-dimensional electroacoustic amplifier
Tertiary Ocean Bottom Temperatures

DURING the past few years, a method has been developed for determining palaeotemperatures by measuring the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in the calcium carbonate of fossil shells1,2.
Women in the National Guard: Experiences with children during deployment

More women of the National Guard and Reserves have deployed to combat zones overseas than ever before. Upon reintegration, these soldiers often face a number of stressors related to their combat zone experiences and readjustment to civilian life. One of these stressors is the reintegration with family, partners, and children. This qualitative study involved interviews with 30 women from the National Guard regarding their reintegration experiences with their children. Four categories were revealed from the data: (a) Concerns for Children’s Well-being, (b) Sense of Loss (c) Reintegration: Personal Challenges, and (d) Reintegration: Children’s Reactions. Implications for clinical work with returning soldiers and further research are discussed.
The Bootlegger: A Story of Small-Town America

The true story of a struggling midwestern coal town and the small-time bootlegger Kelly Wagle, whose mysterious career -- and suspected involvement with two unsolved murder cases -- had a profound and lasting impact on his community.
Augmentation of the pressor response to guanethedine by inhibition of catechol O-methyltransferase.

INTRAVENOUS administration of guanethedine has been reported to cause a pressor response1,2, contraction of the nictitating membrane of the cat and pilo-erection2; the pressor response was not blocked by ganglionic blocking agents2. These phenomena lead to the possible conclusion that guanethedine causes a release of catecholamines or has some direct adrenergic effects.
THIN CRYSTAL MELTING PRODUCES THE LOW-TEMPERATURE ENDOTHERM IN ETHYLENE/METHACRYLIC ACID IONOMERS

Upon extended aging at room temperature, ethylene/methacrylic acid (E/MAA) ionomers develop an endotherm near 50 °C in their differential scanning calorimetry traces. The origin of this low-temperature endotherm has been the subject of considerable debate, in part because direct structural probes have been little applied to its study. Here, we use in situ small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction to show that this endotherm reflects the melting of thin polyethylene crystals, which gradually develop following primary crystallization. These secondary crystals form within the amorphous layers separating primary crystals. When the framework of primary crystals is oriented by crystallization during flow, the secondary crystals follow this orientation, indicating that the secondary crystals are not isometric fringed micelles but instead have a substantial lateral extent.
Multi-species prostate implant treatment plans incorporating 192Ir and 125I using a Greedy Heuristic based 3D optimization algorithm.

The goals of interstitial implant brachytherapy include delivery of the target dose in a uniform manner while sparing sensitive structures, and minimizing the number of needles and sources. We investigated the use of a multi-species source arrangement ({sup 192}Ir with {sup 125}I) for treatment in interstitial prostate brachytherapy. The algorithm utilizes an 'adjoint ratio', which provides a means of ranking source positions and is the criterion for the Greedy Heuristic optimization. Three cases were compared, each using 0.4 mCi {sup 125}I seeds: case I is the base case using {sup 125}I alone, case II uses 0.12 mCi {sup 192}Ir seeds mixed with {sup 125}I, and case III uses 0.25 mCi {sup 192}Ir mixed with {sup 125}I. Both multi-species cases result in lower exposure of the urethra and central prostate region. Compared with the base case, the exposure to the rectum and normal tissue increases by a significant amount for case III as compared with the increase in case II, signifying the effect of slower dose falloff rate of higher energy gammas of {sup 192}Ir in the tissue. The number of seeds and needles decreases in both multi-species cases, with case III requiring fewer seeds and needles than case II. Further,more » the effect of {sup 192}Ir on uniformity was investigated using the 0.12 mCi {sup 192}Ir seeds in multi-species implants. An increase in uniformity was observed with an increase in the number of 0.12 mCi {sup 192}Ir seeds implanted. The effects of prostate size on the evaluation parameters for multi-species implants were investigated using 0.12 mCi {sup 192}Ir and 0.4 mCi {sup 125}I, and an acceptable treatment plan with increased uniformity was obtained.« less
Probing the Molecular-Scale Lipid Bilayer Response to Shear Flow Using Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics

A nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of the response of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers to a solvent shear flow is presented. Application of shear flow to planar, stationary DMPC bilayers results in a redistribution of the membrane density profile along the bilayer normal due to the alignment of the lipids in the direction of flow and an increase in average lipid chain length. An increase in the intermolecular and intramolecular order of the lipids in response to the shear flow is also observed. This study provides groundwork for understanding the mechanism of the full response of lipid bilayers to externally imposed solvent shear flows, beginning with the response in the absence of collective lipid motions such as undulations and bilayer flow.
Garnet compositions for bubble domain systems utilizing stress-induced uniaxial anisotropy

Abstract Garnet compositions have been developed which utilize stress-induced uniaxial anisotropy to attain stable magnetic bubble domains. The compositions were designed to be useful as epitaxial films on single crystal Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 or Sm 3 Ga 5 O 12 substrates and were tested as annealed (> 1200°C) bulk crystal platelets which were mechanically stressed by being bonded to glass substrates with thermal setting epoxy resins at ∼ 200°C. These annealed platelets exhibited cubic domains prior to mechanical stressing and were free of any growth anisotropy. Properties of (Sm,Dy,Y) 3 (Fe,Ga) 5 O 12 and (Gd,Y,Yb) 3 (Fe,Ga) 5 O 12 garnets relevant to bubble domains are discussed.
Measurement of 3-Nitrotyrosine and 5-Nitro-γ-Tocopherol by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Nitric oxide (NO) is a lipophilic gaseous molecule synthesized by the enzymatic oxidation of L-arginine. During periods of inflammation, phagocytic cells generate copious quantities of NO and other reactive oxygen species. The combination of NO with other reactive oxygen species promotes nitration of ambient biomolecules, including protein tyrosine residues and membrane-localized gamma-tocopherol. The oxidative chemistry of NO and derived redox congeners is reviewed. Techniques are described for the determination of 3-nitro-tyrosine and 5-nitro-gamma-tocopherol in biological samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
Complete growth inhibition of Escherichia coli by ribosome trapping with truncated cspA mRNA at low temperature.

Background: CspA, the major cold-shock protein of Escherichia coli, is transiently induced upon temperature downshift and considered to play an important role in low-temperature adaptation. Results: Overproduction of truncated cspA mRNAs retaining translational ability was found to completely block cell growth at low temperatures. This effect was termed ‘low-temperature antibiotic effect of truncated cspA expression (LACE)’. In contrast to the significant reduction of polysomes in normal cells upon cold shock, cells under LACE maintained a high polysome profile, producing only truncated cspA products. Growth inhibition of cells under LACE was suppressed when CspA was overproduced together with the truncated cspA mRNA. Conclusion: LACE is caused by the overproduction of a truncated cspA mRNA in the absence of CspA production, which in turn traps all the cellular ribosomes in a non-adaptive form incapable of forming initiation complexes with other cellular mRNAs. LACE may provide a novel approach to the development of a new antibiotic.
Temporal invariance for picture-word translation: Evidence from drawing-writing and naming-reading tasks

In two experiments, picture-word processing was investigated using graphic (drawing-writing) and verbal (naming-reading) production tasks. In both experiments, the subjects drew a picture or wrote a word upon presentation of a picture or a word stimulus. Additionally, the subjects in Experiment 2 named a picture or read a word stimulus. Production onset latency was assessed. In both experiments, drawing production was initiated more slowly than was writing production. In Experiment 2, graphic production was initiated more slowly than was verbal production. Equivalent latency increases were found for cross-modality trials (e.g., drawing a picture given a word stimulus) relative to within-modality trials (e.g., drawing a picture given a picture stimulus), independent of stimulus modality (word or picture), production modality (word or picture), or task (graphic or verbal production). These results strongly support a mathematical model which incorporates temporal invariance for pictures and words concerning encoding, cross-modality transfer, and retrieval.
Privacy and Confidentiality: Using Scenarios to Teach Your Staff About Patron's Rights

Every U.S. state and the District of Columbia has a law on the books that protects a library borrower's privacy, both an ethical and legal obligation of the library. In addition, FERPA further restricts access to users’ records. Getting the message across to staff can be a challenge, especially if you employ students or volunteers who may not share your strongly held sense of professional responsibility or nuanced appreciation. Using scenarios, or minicase studies, based on real-life experiences to generate discussion and expand the scope of their understanding can be a very effective way to transmit the message. This article outlines the method used at Penn State University Libraries to instruct frontline staff on policy, law, and the ethics of protecting the confidentiality and privacy of library users. Pedagogy of case study is discussed. Advice on designing a training session and examples are provided.
The effect of facial symmetry on perceptions of personality and attractiveness

Abstract The present study examined the effect of facial symmetry on perceptions of personality and physical attractiveness. Digital photographs of female targets were manipulated into symmetrical and asymmetrical versions and then presented to undergraduate raters along with the “normal” photograph, which was not manipulated for symmetry. Based on the hypothesis that facial symmetry is used as an indicator of health, we predicted that the asymmetrical version of the faces would be perceived as more Neurotic, but less Extraverted, Open, Agreeable, Conscientious, and attractive, relative to the other versions. As predicted, the asymmetrical faces were rated as significantly more Neurotic, less Agreeable and less Conscientious than the normal versions. However, facial symmetry did not affect ratings of Openness and Extraversion, nor did it affect ratings of attractiveness.
Differential blockade of CRF-evoked behaviors by depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin in rats

Central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) elicits a specific pattern of behavioral responses resembling a stress-like state and is anxiogenic in rodent models of anxiety. Specific behaviors evoked by the administration of CRF were measured. The roles of CRF receptor subtypes and that of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in mediating these responses were studied. Burying, grooming, and head shakes were quantified in rats following intracerebroventricular administration of CRF and urocortin II and after pretreatment with antagonists. The role of forebrain norepinephrine in the behavioral responses to CRF (0.3 μg) was examined following pretreatment with the neurotoxin DSP-4 and that of serotonin after depletion using systemic administration of para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA). CRF at 0.3 and 3.0 μg caused robust increases in burying, grooming, and head shakes, but urocortin II was ineffective. Pretreatment with either antalarmin or propranolol significantly attenuated the CRF-evoked behaviors. Destruction of forebrain norepinephrine pathways blocked spontaneous burying behavior elicited by CRF and conditioned burying directed towards an electrified shock probe. In contrast, depletion of 5-HT selectively attenuated CRF-evoked grooming. Overt behavioral responses produced by CRF, burying, grooming, and head shakes appeared to be mediated through the CRF1 receptor. Spontaneous burying behavior evoked by CRF or conditioned burying directed towards a shock probe was disrupted by lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and may represent anxiety-like behavior caused by CRF activation of the locus ceruleus. In contrast, CRF-evoked increases in grooming were dependent on serotonin.
When it comes to MRD, AML ≠ ALL

Only the most specific main institutional affiliation is listed for Inside Blood authors, without indications of subdivisions, departments, parent institutions, or postal/geographic information. Please confirm or correct affiliation. Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection is standard of care in
catena -Poly[[diaquadinitratozinc(II)]bis(μ-1,4-di-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene)]

The polymeric title complex, [Zn(NO3)2(C24H20N8)(H2O)2]n, features distorted ZnN2O4 octa­hedra with each ZnII atom being located on an inversion center. Adjacent Zn ions are doubly bridged by two equivalent 1,4-di-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene ligands to form linear chains.
Road sign detection and shape recognition invariant to sign defects

This paper proposes an automated method for road sign detection and shape recognition based on the color of the road sign and its geometric attributes. Our proposed shape recognition algorithm can be part of a driver assistant system (DAS), autonomous vehicles, or road sign maintenance system to improve both recognition and processing time efficiency by categorizing road sign database to smaller groups according to their colors and shapes. The method consists of three stages: 1) the color based segmentation stage; 2) the detection of the region of interest (ROI) using geometric means; and 3) the shape recognition of the road sign stage using geometric dimensions of symmetrical sign shape outlines. Our results show that this method has the ability to detect and recognize rectangular, octagonal, triangular, diamond, and pentagonal shapes. The significance of this work is in its ability to detect and recognize the shapes of signs that are defective such as when the sign is partially occluded, scaled, or tilted.
Neurobehavioral and Neurologic Outcome in Long-Term Survivors of Posterior Fossa Brain Tumors: Role of Age and Perioperative Factors:

We evaluated the neuropsychological and neurologic outcome of 15 long-term survivors of posterior fossa tumors who were treated between 1970 and 1984 with cranial irradiation (n = 15) and surgery (...
5-Year Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Single-Center Study of Alemtuzumab Compared With Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Induction in Simultaneous Kidney–Pancreas Transplantation

Abstract Introduction The study purpose was to analyze 5-year outcomes in a prospective, randomized trial of alemtuzumab (ALEM) versus rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction in simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation (SKPT). Patients and Methods From February 2005 through October 2008, a total of 46 SKPTs (45 portal-enteric drainage) were prospectively randomized to receive either single-dose ALEM (30 mg intraoperatively) or multiple-dose rATG antibody induction (starting intraoperatively, minimum of 3 doses administered) with tacrolimus/mycophenolate and/or steroids. Results Of 222 kidney transplant patients enrolled in the study, 46 received SKPTs; 28 (61%) received ALEM and 18 (39%) received rATG induction. Follow-up ranged from 54 to 98 months (mean, 69 months). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in 5-year patient (82% ALEM vs 89% rATG), kidney graft (79% ALEM vs 72% rATG), or pancreas graft (64% ALEM vs 56% rATG) survival rates. Death-censored kidney (90% ALEM vs 75% rATG) and pancreas (71% ALEM vs 56% rATG) graft survival rates were likewise comparable (both, P = NS). Acute rejection (21% ALEM vs 44% rATG; P = .11) and major infection (39% ALEM vs 67% rATG; P = .13) rates were slightly lower in the ALEM group; cytomegalovirus infections were significantly lower (0% ALEM vs 17% rATG; P = .05). The incidence of late acute rejection was low in both groups. There were no differences in early pancreas thromboses (3.6% ALEM vs 11% rATG), postoperative bleeding (11% ALEM vs 0% rATG), other surgical complications, or readmissions between groups. In patients with functioning grafts, 5-year mean serum creatinine (1.4 ALEM vs 1.6 mg/dL rATG), calculated abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease glomerular filtration rate (55 ALEM vs 52 mL/min/1.73 m 2 rATG), glycosylated hemoglobin (both 5.4%), and C-peptide (2.2 ALEM vs 2.3 ng/mL rATG) levels were similar. Conclusions Single-dose ALEM and multiple dose rATG induction provided similar medium-term patient, kidney, and pancreas graft function and survival rates. ALEM induction may be associated with less acute rejection and major infection over the long term.
Transferrins and milk production in dairy cattle

Milk and butterfat production data from eight herds of dairy cows in Australia for the years 1963 and 1964 were analyzed for relationship with serum transferrin type. In the 932 lactations considered D2/D2 cows produced 521 ± 152 lb of milk more than A/A cows and lactated 15·3 ± 7·8 days longer after correction for season. There was no difference in fat percentage of the milk. The production of A/D2 cows was also significantly higher than A/A cows, but less than D2/D2 cows. Allowing for differences in lactation length still left a significant difference between D2/D2 and A/A cows in milk yield. The best estimate of the effect of replacing a Tf A by a Tf D2 gene, allowing for season, was 170 lb more milk (P Tf D1 did not differ from Tf A in either yield or lactation length.
Monoclonal antibodies to the nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan.

Abstract Two murine monoclonal antibodies were produced to losartan (DuP 753), a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Using a solid phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), each antibody was examined for its ability to bind to a set of losartan analogs that differ structurally in varying degrees. Both antibodies distinguished fine structural changes in the analogs, particularly at the R5 position of the imidazole ring. No cross-reactivity towards either antibody was observed with teh natural ligand angiotensin II, the peptide antagonist saralasin, or the AT2 selective nonpeptide antagonist PD123177.
Do sunscreens prevent skin cancer

(2004). Do sunscreens prevent skin cancer? Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 116, No. 1, pp. 6-6.
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS, JOB SEARCH THEORY, AND LABOUR TURNOVER: PRELIMINARY EMPIRICAL RESULTS

SUMMARY The empirical implications of a model in which a worker participates in a labour market in which a job offer consists of a wage-hour pair are examined. Here, hours are not freely adjustable and the wage rate is typically different from the marginal value of leisure. A theoretical model is proposed; some natural conjectures on effects of wage changes are shown not to hold; and a preliminary empirical investigation based on Denver Income Maintenance Experiment data is undertaken. The persistence of business cycles has led economists to consider explicitly potential sources of stickiness in wage and price adjustments, particularly stickiness of nominal wages. One explanation of slow adjustments of wages to 'shocks' is that information arrives too rapidly, with too much volatility, or too much asymmetry, for workers' wages and hours to adjust so that the worker's wage is always equal to the value of his marginal product of labour and simultaneously to his marginal value of leisure time. To avoid continuous adjustment workers and firms engage in implicit or explicit employment contracts. Azariadis (1975) modelled underemployment equilibria in a model with contracts. Baily (1977) studied a model in which certain fixed costs induce layoffs as firms respond to demand fluctuations; more recent work by Burdett and Mortensen (1980) has considered the terms of equilibrium contracts in the labour market. Hart (1983) reviews the theory of optimal employment contracts emphasizing the role of asymmetric information. Fischer (1977a) and (implicitly) Phelps and Taylor (1977) considered the effects of multiperiod contracts in dynamic macroeconomic models and found that certain policy neutrality results of the 'new classical macroeconomics' could be invalidated under certain conditions. It is worth mentioning at this point that Keynes clearly recognized that the link between the real wage paid to workers and the value of their leisure time had to be broken before macropolicy of the 'Keynesian' type would be effective (indeed, Keynesian macroeconomic problems arise because this link is broken). Keynes repeatedly refers to nominal wage 'bargains' as providing the rigidity he wanted to model.* The importance of implicit or explicit employment agreements in economic theory has led to a small number of empirical studies which explicitly allow for divergence between the wage *Keynes (1936, ch. 2 and 18). Malinvaud (1977) provides a related discussion. In some models 'contracts' serve only to introduce a somewhat arbitrary rigidity. Barro (1977) notes that rational agents are unlikely to write contracts the provisions of which make all parties worse off. See also the comment by Fischer (1977b).
The Relationship of Dogmatism, Religious Affiliation, and Moral Judgment Development

Summary The development of moral judgment was examined among college students of different religious affiliations. Degree of orthodoxy of the religious groups with which they are affiliated was not significantly related to their moral judgment; however, their degree of dogmatism was. Dogmatism explained the very weak relationship between religious affiliation and moral judgment. Frequency of attendance at religious services and number of years of religious education were also not significantly related to moral development. These findings are interpreted as supportive of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment development.
Effects of chronic optical defocus on the kitten's refractive status

Lid closure initiated early in life produces axial myopia in a variety of species. However, it is currently not known what aspects of the anomalous visual experience associated with lid closure disrupt the emmetropization process and cause abnormal ocular axial elongation. This study was designed to determine if a degradation in the quality of the spatial characteristics of the retinal image was sufficient to produce an experimental myopia. Optical rearing procedures were employed to defocus one eye of developing kittens, and retinoscopic and ultrasonic procedures were used to evaluate the effects of chronic optical defocus on the kitten's refractive status. Different defocusing lens designs and rearing protocols were included to evaluate variables that may have confounded previous investigations. The major finding is that early chronic optical defocus results in axial myopia. The prevalence and magnitude of the induced refractive errors were dependent on the magnitude of optical defocus, but they were not affected by the sign or form of the defocusing lens. The results demonstrated that the potential for a clear retinal image is important for regulating normal ocular growth and maintaining a near emmetropic refractive status.
Detection of Ferritin in the Plasma of Guinea Pigs in Experimental Shock

Guinea pigs were subjected to shock by hemorrhage or by infusion of either E. coil or S. enteritidis endotoxin, and changes in levels of plasma-bound iron and ferritin were assayed. Of 12 bled animals, all showed increases in plasma-bound iron and half gave a positive test for ferritin. Of 12 guinea pigs treated with LD 80 doses of E. coli endotoxin, only 4 showed an elevation in plasma-bound iron. Of these only one was positive for ferritin. Of 10 guinea pigs treated with LD 80 doses of S. enteritdis endotoxin, only five showed elevations in plasma-bound iron, and three of these also showed detectable increases in plasma ferritin. Immunologically detect able increases in plasma ferritin were not found in any of the endotoxin-infused animals showing decreases in plasma-bound iron. It was concluded: (a) that, in the guinea pig (as in the rabbit), hyperferremia is more frequent after hemorrhage than after the in fusion of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (b) that significant increases in ferritin do not appear simultaneously with decreases in total plasma-hound iron in endotoxic guinea pigs; and (c) that hyperferremia and hyperferritinemia do not play a direct role in the lethal progression of endotoxic shock in the guinea pig.
Mesoscale storm and dry period parameters from hourly precipitation data

Abstract Hourly precipitation data from 89 first-order National Weather Service stations in the northeastern United States are used to define seasonal storm (wet-period) and dry-period statistics. Mean values of regional storm and dry-period duration and of precipitation rates for storms and precipitation events for each season are calculated. Frequency distributions of regional storm and dry period duration allow comparison of seasonal variations and characteristics. Such statistics serve as input parameters for studies and models developed to provide a better understanding of the deposition of acidic pollutants by precipitation.
AUBURN UNIVERSITY' PHILOSOPHY AND STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL AQUACULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

The International Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University has been involved in international aquaculture development in a formal way for approximately 12 years. It has been or is participating in aquaculture development programs in Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, Brazil, El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, Honduras and Jamaica by providing the services of 18 professional staff who have contributed a total of 56 years of long-term advisory services. In addition, the Center has provided advisory services on a short-term basis; 50 individual staff members have made 240 country visits, representing 57 different countries in which the staff contributed 4,504 days of overseas work. Auburn' philosophy in aquaculture development, frequently referred to as the “oil spot phenomenon,” is to create a center of excellence in aquaculture in which established fish cultural techniques are tested under local conditions, modified as needed, retested to prove the methodology and subsequently extended to production areas adjacent to the aquaculture center. As extension capabilities are developed and production methodology improved, the aquaculture technology gradually spreads to areas more distant from the center, much like a drop of oil spreads after falling upon a water surface. Auburn' strategy to achieve an aquaculture “oil spot” of sufficient magnitude that will permit its diffusion is discussed.
Precision of electromagnetic control of a quantum system

Coherent control of a quantum system is limited both by the decoherence due to environment and the quantum nature of the control agent. The high fidelity of control demanded by fault-tolerant quantum computation and the intrinsic interest in nonclassical effects from the interplay between control and dissipation are motivations for a detailed study of the interaction dynamics between the quantum system and the macroscopic environment and control agent. We present a detailed time-evolution study of a two-level system interacting with a laser pulse and the electromagnetic vacuum in the multimode Jaynes-Cummings model. A diagrammatic formalism allows easy identification of coherent dynamics and relaxation of the two-level system. We demonstrate a computational method of dynamics with precise error bounds for fast operations versus slow decoherence, spanning the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. Comparison against an exact model solution of our results with existing approximations of the master equation shows the lack of accuracy in the latter.
Treatment of the poikilodermatous component of the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser: a case report.

Abstract: The Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by poikiloderma, juvenile cataracts, bone abnormalities, short stature, sparse hair, hypogonadism, defective dentition, nail dystrophy, hyperkeratosis, and mental retardation. A 12-year-old boy with the syndrome was referred to us for evaluation and treatment of poikiloderma. This component of the disease was markedly improved with the use of pulsed dye laser photocoagulation.