cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cavitation Nuclei Population and Event Rates

To model the processes of cavitation inception, noise and damage, it is necessary to generate a model of the cavitation event rate which can then be coupled with the consequences of the individual events to produce a complete synthesis of the phenomenon. In this paper we describe recent efforts to connect the observed event rates to the measured distributions of cavitation nuclei in the oncoming stream. Comparison are made between the observed event rates and event rates calculated from measured nuclei distributions using an algorithm which includes the dynamics of the nuclei motion and growth. Various complications are explored including the effect of the boundary layer, the relative motion between the nucleus and the liquid, the observable bubble size effect, and the effect of bubble growth on neighboring nuclei. All of these are seen to have important influences on the event rate, and therefore, on cavitation inception and other macroscopic consequences. We demonstrate that it is possible to predict the correct order of magnitude of the event rate when an attempt is made to model the important flow complications.
Influences on the consumer decision‐making process towards fresh meat – Insights from Belgium and implications

The paper reports findings and recommendations from doctoral research in Belgium. The objective is to present insights related to the consumer decision‐making process towards fresh meat. A four‐component conceptual framework is proposed. Information required to investigate links and associations between different elements of the framework is collected through exploratory and conclusive research procedures, with data originating from consumer surveys and household panels. Major attention is paid to the impact of communication and information from mass media, as well as to the impact of socio‐demographic characteristics such as age and presence of young children in the household. Recommendations extend to livestock farming, the meat industry, government, mass media and future research. Key attention points include increased orientation towards satisfying consumer needs and re‐establishment of trust through the production of intrinsically safe products and reliable and effective communication.
Preparing the Next Generation of Physical Education Teachers

The way in which teacher candidates are prepared to enter the profession with the knowledge, skills, and confidence needed to provide appropriate instruction is not so consistent across physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. Therefore, the purpose of this Viewpoint is to provide an overview of what the author considers to be the essential ingredients of a PETE program.
Noise Modeling with Associative Corruption Rules

This paper presents an active learning approach to the problem of systematic noise inference and noise elimination, specifically the inference of Associated Corruption (AC) rules. AC rules are defined to simulate a common noise formation process in real-world data, in which the occurrence of an error on one attribute is dependent on several other attribute values. Our approach consists of two algorithms, Associative Corruption Forward (ACF) and Associative Corruption Backward (ACB). Algorithm ACF is proposed for noise inference, and ACB is designed for noise elimination. The experimental results show that the ACF algorithm can infer the noise formation correctly, and ACB indeed enhances the data quality for supervised learning.
Heuristic scalar paraxial beam propagation method taking into account continuous reflections

A scalar paraxial beam propagation method is developed, on a heuristic basis, that takes into account continuous reflections. The corresponding algorithm has a time-space-marching character that mimics the actual evolution of the wave as it propagates, even though the basic treatment is really time independent in a strict sense. The verification of the algorithm is illustrated by two examples of one-dimensional and two-dimensional configurations in inhomogeneous media. The algorithm is also applied to counterpropagating beams in a Kerr medium, and the empirical stability criteria for this case are discussed.
Flight Range of Tabanidae in a Louisiana Bottomland Hardwood Forest

Marked tabanids released in a Louisiana bottomland hardwood forest were recaptured up to 6.8 km from release points. Calculations performed to correct for lower trapping intensities at greater distances from marking stations indicated a fairly uniform distribution of marked ♀ tabanids from 0.8 to at least 6.8 km from release points.
Roles for the Cytoplasmic Tails of the Fusion and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Proteins in Budding of the Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5

The efficient release of many enveloped viruses from cells involves the coalescence of viral components at sites of budding on the plasma membrane of infected cells. This coalescence is believed to require interactions between the cytoplasmic tails of surface glycoproteins and the matrix (M) protein. For the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5), the cytoplasmic tail of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein has been shown previously to be important for normal virus budding. To investigate a role for the cytoplasmic tail of the fusion (F) protein in virus assembly and budding, we generated a series of F cytoplasmic tail-truncated recombinant viruses. Analysis of these viruses in tissue culture indicated that the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein was dispensable for normal virus replication and budding. To investigate further the requirements for assembly and budding of SV5, we generated two double-mutant recombinant viruses that lack 8 amino acids of the predicted 17-amino-acid HN protein cytoplasmic tail in combination with truncation of either 10 or 18 amino acids from the predicted 20-amino-acid F protein cytoplasmic tail. Both of the double mutant recombinant viruses displayed a replication defect in tissue culture and a budding defect, the extent of which was dependant on the length of the remaining F cytoplasmic tail. Taken together, this work and our earlier data on virus-like particle formation (A. P. Schmitt, G. P. Leser, D. L. Waning, and R. A. Lamb, J. Virol. 76:3953-3964, 2002) suggest a redundant role for the cytoplasmic tails of the HN and F proteins in virus assembly and budding.
Quantitation of IGF-I, IGF-II, and multiple insulin receptor family member messenger RNAs during embryonic development in rainbow trout.

The IGF system has been shown to be important for normal embryonic growth in mice. Characterization of the IGF system in lower vertebrates is still in progress. To gain a greater understanding of the IGF system during embryonic development in tele- osts, a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed and used to quantitate the levels of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNAs from rainbow trout embryos isolated from a staged series. The absolute number of molecules of IGF-I mRNA/mg total RNA was significantly lower than the absolute number of molecules of IGF-II mRNA/mg total RNA both during early and late embryonic development. The recent identification of multiple IGF type I receptor (rtIGFR) and insulin receptor (rtIR) cDNAs in rainbow trout has provided us with a tool to investigate the expression of these mRNAs. A relative quantitative RT-PCR assay was used to determine the steady state levels of two forms of rtIGFR and three forms of rtIR mRNAs in rainbow trout embryos. The relative levels of rtIGFR mRNAs were greater in embryos compared to adult tissues while the relative levels of rtIR mRNAs were generally lower. In a RT-PCR based assay, a differential ability to detect rtIGFR and rtIR mRNAs was shown, suggesting developmental regulation of polyade- nylation. Our results suggest that IGF-II mRNA is the predominant IGF expressed in rainbow trout embryos. Our characterization of IGF ligand and receptor mRNA levels in rainbow trout embryos suggests that a func- tional IGF system exists during embryonic development in teleosts. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 54:348-361, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Constrained multivariable optimization of transmission lines with general topologies

The design of system level interconnects to meet signal integrity objectives is a challenging problem. This paper formulates the transmission line synthesis problem as a constrained multi-dimensional optimization of the complete net, taking into account factors like loading conditions on the line, loss in the line and rise-time of the input signal. Different design variables such as width or resistivity of the interconnect, resistive source or far-end termination, etc. can all be considered concurrently. The termination metric is based upon forcing the impulse response waveform to be symmetric using the first three exact moments of the distributed system. An efficient means to trade-off between signal rise-time and ringing is presented and no time-domain simulations are needed. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Accuracy of computer-assisted semen analysis in prefreeze and post-thaw specimens with high and low sperm counts and motility

Abstract Objectives. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of computer-assisted semen analysis (CASAs) to determine whether variations in the CASA results were related to the type of analyzer or to the type of specimens analyzed. Methods. Semen specimens were analyzed manually and by CASA before freezing and after thawing. Multiple ejaculates (220 semen specimens) from normal healthy donors (n = 8) and 131 semen specimens from 57 patients with cancer were assessed. Results. The differences between CASA and manual sperm counts and percent motility were higher in prefreeze and post-thaw specimens at sperm concentrations of less than 20 × 10 6 /mL. The differences between CASA and manual results were significant for cancer patients, compared with normal donors ( P Conclusions. CASA results are unreliable at sperm counts of less than 20 × 10 6 /mL and post-thaw motility is generally underestimated by CASAs.
Lateral root initiation is a probabilistic event whose frequency is set by fluctuating levels of auxin response

The locations in which lateral roots arise are determined by local peaks of auxin response driven by whole-plant physiology. The architecture of a plant root system adapts it to the conditions in which it grows: large shoot systems demand large root systems, and growth in soils that have low or patchy nutrient distributions is often best managed by non-uniform patterns of root branching. It is not surprising then that the regulation of lateral root spacing is responsive to a wide array of stimuli. Molecular genetic studies have outlined a mechanism by which multiple modules of auxin response in specific cell types drive lateral root initiation. These peaks of auxin responsiveness are functionally controlled by the growth of the plant and the changing environmental conditions it experiences. Thus, the process of lateral root initiation, which depends on strong local auxin response, is globally mediated.
EMPLOYMENT CONCENTRATION AND JOB QUALITY FOR LOW-SKILLED LATINO IMMIGRANTS

This article examines the formation, determination, and quality of employment concentration for low-skilled Latino immigrants. Comparative evidence is drawn from the three metropolitan areas of Chi...
Neospora caninum seroprevalence and associated risk factors in beef cattle in the northwestern United States

A Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factor survey of 2585 cows was conducted in 55 beef cow-calf herds located in five northwestern states of the USA. Blood samples were collected by private veterinary practitioners and management practices were surveyed using a mail questionnaire. Producers were randomly selected from those that employed these veterinarians to perform annual herd pregnancy examinations. Questions were asked about animal management, grazing and feeding, immunization and record keeping practices. Blood was collected from a systematically selected sample of cows in each herd, and age, origin, and pregnancy status were recorded. Blood samples were analyzed for antibodies against N. caninum antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition (CI) ELISA. Overall seroprevalence was 24% and within herd seroprevalence ranged from 3 to 67% with a median of 19%. Within herd seroprevalence and mean inhibition percentage were different between the five states. Herds that managed their cows on range for summer grazing had lower seroprevalence than those that did not, while increased seroprevalence was associated with higher winter stocking density. Cows less than 3 years of age had higher CI ELISA inhibition percent values than cows greater than 6 years of age. No relationship was noted between serologic status and individual cow origin (purchased or raised), or pregnancy status at the time of sampling.
Regulation of Cerebrovascular Cyclooxygenase-2 by Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Arachidonic acid metabolism is important in regulating the cerebral circulation and its response to CNS injury (1,2), a response that often involves vascular cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and glial cell reactions. Induction and regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may be important in these processes. Since a number of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including TGFβ1, TNFα, and IL-1β, are produced during the course of CNS reaction to injury(3,4,5), we investigated the regulation of cerebrovascular COX-2 expression by these agents. In addition to cytokine production, the release of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), is a common early reaction to CNS injury (6,7). Therefore, the potential interactions of PUFA and proinflammatory cytokines in the regulation of COX-2 were also investigated.
Structure-Function Relationships Affecting the Insecticidal and Miticidal Activity of Sugar Esters

Synthetic sugar esters are a relatively new class of insecticidal compounds that are produced by reacting sugars with fatty acids. The objective of this research was to determine how systematic alterations in sugar or fatty acid components of sugar ester compounds influenced their insecticidal properties. Sucrose octanoate, sorbitol octanoate, sorbitol decanoate, sorbitol caproate, xylitol octanoate, xylitol decanoate and xylitol dodecanoate were synthesized and evaluated against a range of arthropod pests. Dosage-mortality studies were conducted on pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) on pear, tobacco aphid (Myzus nicotianae) Blackman and tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta [Johannson]) on tobacco, and twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on apple in laboratory bioassays. These sugar esters were compared with insecticidal soap (M-Pede, Dow AgroSciences L.L.C., San Diego, CA), to determine how toxicologically similar these materials were against the arthropod pests. Substitutions in either the sugar or fatty acid component led to significant changes in the physical properties and insecticidal activity of these compounds. The sugar esters varied in their solubility in water and in emulsion stability, yet, droplet spread upon pear leaves occurred at low concentrations of 80-160 ppm and was strongly correlated with psylla mortalities (R2 = 0.73). Sequentially altering the sugar or fatty acid components from lower to higher numbers of carbon chains, or whether the sugar was a monosaccharide or disaccharide did not follow a predictable relationship to insecticidal activity. Intuitively, changing the hydrophile from sorbitol (C6) to xylitol (C5) would require a decrease in lipophile chain length to maintain hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) relationships, yet an increase in lipophile chain length was unexpectedly needed for increasing insecticidal activity. Thus, the HLB of these materials did not correlate with pear psylla mortalities. Initial insect bioassays and dosage-mortality data found significant differences among sugar ester compounds' toxicity to the range of arthropod species. Sucrose octanoate high in monoester content had the highest activity against the range of arthropod pests at low concentrations of 1200-2400 ppm. No single chemical structure for the xylitol or sorbitol esters were optimally effective against the range of arthropods we tested and sorbitol octanoate and xylitol decanoate had the highest insecticidal activity of this group. All of the sugar ester materials produced high T. urticae mortalities on apple at very low concentrations of 400 ppm. Overall, most of the sugar esters that were examined had superior insecticidal activity compared with insecticidal soap. Sugar ester chemistry offers a unique opportunity to design an insecticide or miticide specific to certain arthropod pests which would be valuable in crop integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Sucrose esters are currently used as additives in the food industry which makes them especially attractive as safe and effective insecticides.
Identifying Field Attributes that Predict Soybean Yield Using Random Forest Analysis

637 One of the main challenges currently facing agriculture is the need for increased production on a limited amount of land. Precision agriculture is one of many strategies with which growers are able to try to overcome these issues by using data collected in the fi eld to make informed management decisions. Until recently, soybean fi elds were generally seeded at a single rate. Most seeding equipment used a fi xed metering system and operators were unable to freely change seeding rates while moving across the fi eld. However, advances in both GPS accuracy and VRT on commercial equipment have enabled farmers to use precision farming practices to change seeding rates automatically from a computer-based prescription (Hoeft et al., 2000). As soybean seed prices continue to increase (USDA-ERS, 2014), growers are looking for ways to optimize seeding rates across their fi elds (Hoeft et al., 2000). For years, many growers have also been collecting spatial data for their fi elds including yield, elevation, and soils data. However, Lambert et al. (2004) reported advances in site-specifi c recommendations and application methods far outpaced those in GIS data analysis. Growers and researchers alike feel there is an abundance of raw data but a shortage of methods and knowledge on how to use the data from these precision operations to optimize yields and input costs (Bullock et al., 2007). Th e increased use of precision-based technologies allows growers access to new research systems which can help them make current and future management decisions (Bullock and Bullock, 2000; Fleming et al., 2000; Mueller et al., 2001; Kravchenko and Bullock, 2002a,2002b; Kaspar et al., 2003; Kravchenko et al., 2005; Hornung et al., 2006). Th e infl uence of soil physical and chemical parameters on crop yields is relatively predictable (Miller et al., 1988; Sudduth et al., 1996; Moran et al., 1997; Machado et al., 2000) which make layers such as topsoil depth, primary nutrients, and soil texture potentially useful for yield data analysis. Additional mapped information can be extremely useful as well such as elevation (Birrell et al., 1996). Th e GPS receivers accurate within a decimeter are necessary when recording this data and are becoming more common on farms as their costs decrease and area of coverage increases (Grisso et al., 2009a). Growers will Crop Economics, Production & Management
Bottom-Feeding at the Bar: Usury Law and Value-Dissipating Attorneys in Japan

Critics have long complained that lawyers dissipate value. Some do, of course. Some legal work dissipates more value than others, and the lawyers who focus on the most notorious rent-seeking sectors extract a heavy toll in the U.S. Whether lawyers choose to focus on value-dissipating or value-enhancing work depends on the institutional structure in place, and the American legal system apparently generates high returns to value-dissipating work. The Japanese legal system traditionally holds down such returns, and Japanese attorneys have invested much less in those sectors. In 2006, the Japanese Supreme Court unilaterally invented an entirely new field of rent-seeking: it construed usury law to let borrowers sue for refunds of "excessive" interest they had explicitly and knowingly -- and with statutory authorization -- agreed to pay. Although borrowers swamped the courts with refund claims, the field did not attract either experienced or talented attorneys. Instead, it attracted two groups: new lawyers who had entered the bar under the relaxed licensing standards, and the least talented lawyers. At least in this sector of the rent-seeking field, the returns to experience and talent in Japan apparently remain lower than in value-enhancing sectors of the bar.
Identification of Rabbit, Monkey, and Dog Antibodies with PCA Activity for Guinea Pigs.

SummaryGuinea pigs may be sensitized for PC A reactions by guinea pig 7S gamma 1 antibodies but not by guinea pig 7S gamma 2 antibodies. However, with all other species capable of sensitizing the guinea pig, it is always the 7S gamma 2 antibody type which mediates sensitization of guinea pigs for PCA.
Gene transfer facilitated by a cellular targeting molecule, reovirus protein σ1

To facilitate eventual genetic vaccination of mucosal tissues, a receptor-mediated gene transfer system was devised using the reovirus adhesin, protein σ1. Highly efficient uptake and internalization of protein σ1 polylysine (PL) DNA complexes could be demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy. Successful cellular transfection of rodent and human cell lines was obtained with the recombinant protein σ1 as a PL–DNA complex, and could be shown to be receptor-specific. Transfection efficiency was dependent upon the ratio of DNA complexed to protein σ1-PL and chloroquine treatment improved transfection efficiency dramatically. To test its ability to bind a mucosal inductive tissue, recombinant protein σ1 was specifically bound to the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT). Thus, recombinant protein σ1-PL–DNA conjugates can efficiently bind and transfect cells that express the receptor for protein σ1.
Some Theorems from Geometric Function Theory: Applications

(1975). Some Theorems from Geometric Function Theory: Applications. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 5, pp. 507-510.
Examination of Formal and Informal Relationships Between Service Provider and Client for Ticket Sales Outsourcing in the United States

ABSTRACTWith the growing trend of sport marketing outsourcing in intercollegiate sport in the United States, there has been an increased focus on sport marketing outsourcing research in the literature. Nevertheless, only a few studies have theoretically viewed and empirically examined outsourcing as a strategic form of a collaborative relationship between the service provider (sport marketing company) and client (athletic department). Given the importance of relationships for successful outsourcing, this study examines formal and informal relationships among employees of both the service provider and client. Using social network analysis and the quadratic assignment procedure, this study provides helpful insights into the dynamics of both formal and informal relationships existing among employees from two independent organizations in the context of sport marketing outsourcing in intercollegiate sport in the United States. The implications of these relationships for both theory and practice are discussed i...
Development of One PSM High Voltage Pulse Power Supply Unit

In order to improve the experimental parameters of the HL-2A device,the capability of the auxiliary heating system should reach 10 MW.Some new high voltage and large power systems should be required to meet different systems.High voltage power supply based on PSM technique and fast switch elements(IGBT)developed in these years has many features.We developed one PSM unit of which the output could be up to 15 kV/104 A.Moreover,we analyzed the PSM control principle,tested the switch power supply module,and discribed the modulation of 28 SPS modules connected in series.The results show that the parameters about the output voltage and current,the high frequency,the fast switching can meet the design requirements.
Investigations on the Isolation of Hemoglobin from Human Whole Blood by Solid Phase Extraction with 330 Anion Exchange Resin

A solid-phase extraction procedure for the isolation of hemoglobin from human whole blood was developed with 330 anion exchange resin as sorbent.Hemoglobin was adsorbed onto the resin surface via hydrophobic interaction which was afterwards collected by stripping with Tris-HCl buffer(pH=8.9) as eluent.Some of the experimental parameters,including sample pH,adsorption time,ionic strength and stripping reagent,governing the sorption and desorption of hemoglobin were carefully investigated.A sorption efficiency of 87% and a recovery of 70% were achieved along with a sorption capacity of 42.9 μg/mg for hemoglobin.The practical applicability of this system was demonstrated by processing of human whole blood for the isolation of hemoglobin,and satisfactory results were obtained by assays with UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as SDS-PAGE.
Effects of Liner Length and Attenuation on NASA Langley Impedance Eduction

This study explores the effects of liner length and attenuation on the CHE (convected Helmholtz equation) impedance eduction method, in which the surface impedance of an acoustic liner is inferred through an iterative process based on repeated solutions to the convected Helmholtz equation. Wire mesh-over-honeycomb and perforate-over-honeycomb acoustic liners are tested in the NASA Langley Grazing Flow Impedance Tube, and the resultant data are processed using two impedance eduction methods. The first is the CHE method, and the second is a direct method (labeled the KT method) that uses the Kumaresan and Tufts algorithm to compute the impedance directly. The CHE method has been extensively used for acoustic liner evaluation, but experiences anomalous behavior under some test conditions. It is postulated that the anomalies are related to the liner length and/or attenuation. Since the KT method only employs data measured over the length of the liner, it is expected to be unaffected by liner length. A comparison of results achieved with the two impedance eduction methods is used to explore the interactive effects of liner length and attenuation on the CHE impedance eduction method.
InvisiType: Object-Oriented Security Policies.

Many modern software platforms today, including browsers, middleware server architectures, cell phone operating systems, web application engines, support thirdparty software extensions. This paper proposes InvisiType, an object-oriented approach that enables platform developers to efficiently enforce fine-grained safety checks on thirdparty extensions without requiring their cooperation. This allows us to harness the true power of third-party software by giving it access to sensitive data while ensuring that it does not leak data. In this approach, a platform developer encapsulates all safety checks in a policy class and selectively subjects objects at risk to these policies. The runtime enforces these policies simply by changing the types of these objects dynamically. It uses the virtual method dispatch mechanism to substitute the original methods and operations with code laced with safety checks efficiently. The runtime hides the type changes from application code so the original code can run unmodified. We have incorporated the notion of InvisiType into the Python language. We have applied the technique to 4 realworld Python web applications totaling 156,000 lines of code. InvisiType policies greatly enhance the security of the web applications, including MoinMoin, a popular, 94,000line Wiki Engine. MoinMoin has a large number of thirdparty extensions, which makes security enforcement important. With less than 150 lines of Python code, we found 16 security bugs in MoinMoin. This represents a significant reduction in developers’ effort from a previous proposal, Flume, which required 1,000 lines of C++ code and modifications to 1,000 lines of Python code. Our InvisiType policies successfully found 19 cross-site scripting vulnerabilities and 6 access control errors in total. The overhead of applying the policies is less than 4 percent, indicating that the technique is practical.
Gangrene of the Penis as a Complication of Penile Prosthesis

AbstractGangrene of the penis is rare but several factors acting simultaneously may produce this condition. These factors include local infection, pressure dressing, presence of a urethral catheter, edema and ischemia of the corpus cavernosum. We report a case of iatrogenic gangrene of the penis following implantation of a Scott inflatable penile prosthesis, and all of the aforementioned factors were present.
What’s New After September 11?

Must the intellectual, or the leftist—who need not be identical—always adopt a critical position, declaring that the glass is half-empty? Must the intellectual, or the leftist, always oppose the government, or the imperial hegemon? Must the intellectual, or the leftist, always take the side of the minority, the underdog, the victim—even if this ignores any responsibility that might fall to that minority, underdog or victim? Is the intellectual, or the leftist, faced with choices that are morally clear-cut to the point that political choice and individual judgment are superfluous? Must the intellectual, or the leftist, always have a good conscience and opt always, if not for the side of the angels, at least for that of Historical Progress?
Forms of Explanation; Rethinking the Questions in Social Theory

(1983). Forms of Explanation; Rethinking the Questions in Social Theory. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 813-817.
The Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis

The pathogenesis of AIH, a progressive necroinflammatory disease of the liver, is incompletely understood. Studies in human beings and animal models indicate that it exhibits features shared with classical autoimmune, as well as, non-autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Despite an incomplete understanding, it is now clear that the pathogenesis of AIH involves genetic factors, both immune and nonimmune; environmental triggering events; the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the unique immunological microenvironment of the liver; a permissive immune response repertoire capable of reacting to hepatic autoantigens or their molecular mimics; and failure of immunoregulatory mechanisms to control or terminate the autoimmune response causing hepatic necroinflammation and progressive fibrosis. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of AIH can aid the clinician in the use of immunosuppressive medications to retard or prevent disease progression, and will likely lead to novel therapies in the near future.
Using Neural Networks for the Interpretation of Bioprocess Data

Abstract During the course of most bioprocess development programs a large amount of process data is generated and stored. However, while these data records contain important information about the process, little or no use is made of this asset. The work described here uses a neural network approach to “learn” to recognize patterns in fermentation data. Neural networks, trained using fermentation data generated from previous runs, are then used to interpret data from a new fermentation. We propose a task decomposition approach to the problem. The approach involves decomposing the problem of bioprocess data interpretation into specific tasks. Separate neural networks are trained to perform each of these tasks which include fault diagnosis, growth phase determination and metabolic condition evaluation. These trained networks are combined into a multiple neural network hierarchy for the diagnosis of bioprocess data. The methodology is evaluated using experimental data from fed-batch, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations. We argue that the task decomposition approach taken here allows for each network to develop a task specific representation and that this in turn, can lead to network activations and connection weights that are more clearly interpretable. These expert networks can now be pruned to remove nodes that do not contribute significant additional information.
Toward a hauntology on data: On the sociopolitical forces of data assemblages:

This article engages the philosophy of science of data, with a focus on the extent to which data are always already imbued with racializations.As Alexander Weheliye has argued, racializations are n...
Accuracy of the ETDQ-7 for Identifying Persons with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction:

Objective To compare the accuracy of the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) in identifying people with eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction based on symptoms and an objective ET function test. Study Design Cross-sectional study. ObjSettingective Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Fifty-five subjects with and without symptoms suggestive of ET dysfunction completed the ETDQ-7 and had their ET function evaluated by the percentage of middle ear pressure equilibrated after 5 swallows (PEq5) either during a pressure chamber test (intact tympanic membranes) or by the inflation-deflation test (nonintact tympanic membranes). ETDQ-7 score ≥14.5 and PEq5 <60% were used to define ET dysfunction, and sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the level of association between ETDQ-7 scores and PEq5. Results Twenty-five asymptomatic subjects (group 1 = 15 females, 15 white; mean ± SD age, 32 ± 12.8 years) and 30 subjects with ET dysfunction symptoms (group 2 = 17 females, 25 white; age, 27 ± 16.3 years) were included in the analysis. ETDQ-7 sensitivity and specificity regarding correct group assignment were 70% and 100%, respectively, and with respect to predicting PEq5<60%, 54% and 78%. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.83) at the participant level and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.77) at the ear level indicated a moderate level of association that was lower, though not statistically significant, for nonintact tympanic membranes (AUC = 0.63 at the participant level and AUC = 0.49 at the ear level). Conclusion The ETDQ-7 score had a higher correlation with the ET dysfunction symptoms than with an objective measure of ET function.
Review: High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for more than 6 months and combined ursodeoxycholic and cherodeoxycholic acids have the highest rate of gallstone dissolution

Source Citation May GR, Sutherland LR, Shaffer EA. Efficacy of bile acid therapy for gallstone dissolution: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Apr;7:139-48.
Interactions between risk factors in the prediction of onset of eating disorders: Exploratory hypothesis generating analyses.

Abstract Objective Because no study has tested for interactions between risk factors in the prediction of future onset of each eating disorder, this exploratory study addressed this lacuna to generate hypotheses to be tested in future confirmatory studies. Method Data from three prevention trials that targeted young women at high risk for eating disorders due to body dissatisfaction (N = 1271; M age 18.5, SD 4.2) and collected diagnostic interview data over 3-year follow-up were combined to permit sufficient power to predict onset of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD) using classification tree analyses, an analytic technique uniquely suited to detecting interactions. Results Low BMI was the most potent predictor of AN onset, and body dissatisfaction amplified this relation. Overeating was the most potent predictor of BN onset, and positive expectancies for thinness and body dissatisfaction amplified this relation. Body dissatisfaction was the most potent predictor of BED onset, and overeating, low dieting, and thin-ideal internalization amplified this relation. Dieting was the most potent predictor of PD onset, and negative affect and positive expectancies for thinness amplified this relation. Conclusions: Results provided evidence of amplifying interactions between risk factors suggestive of cumulative risk processes that were distinct for each disorder; future confirmatory studies should test the interactive hypotheses generated by these analyses. If hypotheses are confirmed, results may allow interventionists to target ultra high-risk subpopulations with more intensive prevention programs that are uniquely tailored for each eating disorder, potentially improving the yield of prevention efforts.
Anxiety and Stigma in Dementia: A Threat to Aging in Place

The number of Americans with dementia is expected to increase as the population ages. Developing dementia is feared by many older adults and may result in anxiety in persons with dementia. This article focuses on anxiety, one of the least understood symptoms associated with dementia in community-dwelling older adults, the stigma of dementia, and the relationship between anxiety and stigma in dementia. When undetected and untreated, anxiety and associated stigma can adversely affect quality of life and the ability to age in place.
Genetics and Genomics of Resistance to Rust and Stemphylium Blight in Lentil

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important pulse crop species which grows primarily in South-east Asia, Canada, North America, Middle Eastern countries, and Australia. Lentil crop, like any other food legumes affected by various biotic stresses. In many lentil growing regions, predominance of rust and stemphylium blight are reported causing high yield losses. Rust caused by Uromyces vicia-fabae Pers., an obligately biotroph and stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium botryosum Wallr., a saprophyte. In this review, basic information regarding these two diseases along with inheritance of resistance genes and ongoing molecular breeding efforts to breed resistant lentil genotypes are briefly discussed.
Design of neutron beams for neutron capture therapy using a 300-kW slab triga reactor

A design for a slab reactor to produce an epithermal neutron beam and a thermal neutron beam for use in neutron capture therapy (NCT) is described. A thin reactor with two large-area faces, a slab reactor, was planned using eighty-six 20% enriched TRIGA fuel elements (General Atomics), San Diego, California) and four B 4 C control rods. Two neutron beams were designed: an epithermal neutron beam from one face and a thermal neutron beam from the other. The planned facility, based on this slab-reactor core with a maximum operating powere of 300 kW, will provide an epithermal neutron beam of 1.8×10 9 n epi /cm 2 -s intensity with low contamination by fast neutrons (2.6×10 -13 Gy-cm 2 /n epi ) and gamma rays (<1.0×10 -13 Gy-cm 2 /n epi ) and a thermal neutron beam of 9.0 10 9 n th /cm 2 -s intensity with low fast-neutron dose (1.0 10 -13 Gy-cm 2 /n th ) and gamma dose (<1.0×10 -13 Gy-cm 2 /n th ). Both neutron beams will be forward directed. Each beam can be turned on and off independently through its individual shutter. A complete NCT treatment using the designed epithermal or thermal neutron beam would tale 30 or 20 min, respectively, under the condition of assuming 10 μg 10 B/g in the blood. Such exposure times should be sufficiently short to maintain near-optimal targert (e.g., 10 B, 157 Gd, and 235 U) distribution in tumor versus normal tissues throughout the irradiation. With a low operating power of 300 kW, the heat generated in the core can be removed by natural convection through a pool of light water. The proposed design in this study could be constructed for a dedicated clinical NCT facility that would operate very safely
An Interior Point Method for Nonnegative Sparse Signal Reconstruction

We present a primal-dual interior point method (IPM) with a novel preconditioner to solve the l 1 -norm regularized least square problem for nonnegative sparse signal reconstruction. IPM is a second-order method that uses both gradient and Hessian information to compute effective search directions and achieve super-linear convergence rates. It therefore requires many fewer iterations than first-order methods such as iterative shrinkage/thresholding algorithms (ISTA) that only achieve sub-linear convergence rates. However, each iteration of IPM is more expensive than in ISTA because it needs to evaluate an inverse of a Hessian matrix to compute the Newton direction. We propose to approximate each Hessian matrix by a diagonal matrix plus a rank-one matrix. This approximation matrix is easily invertible using the Sherman-Morrison formula, and is used as a novel preconditioner in a preconditioned conjugate gradient method to compute a truncated Newton direction. We demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm in compressive 3D volumetric image reconstruction. Numerical experiments show favorable results of our method in comparison with previous interior point based and iterative shrinkage/thresholding based algorithms.
Discovering Similar Workflows via Provenance Clustering: A Case Study

Several workflow management systems and scripting languages have adopted provenance tracking, yet many researchers choose to manually capture or instrument their processing scripts to write provenance information to files. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) project we are associated with is tracking provenance in such manner. The NGS project is a collaboration between multiple groups at different sites, where each group is collecting and processing samples using an agreed-upon workflow. The workflow contains many stages with varying degrees of complexity. Over time workflow stages are modified, but data samples are only comparable when processed with identical versions of the workflow. However, for various reasons (including the distributed nature of the collaboration) it is not always clear which samples have been processed with which version of the workflow. In this paper, we introduce new techniques for clustering provenance datasets and attempt to discover the ones that are likely to be generated by same workflow. Based on the clustering result, users can identify similar provenance and would be able to categorize them into different clusters for debugging and zoom-in/zoom-out viewing.
Evolving Chinese Nationalism: Using the 2015 Military Parade as a Case

Nationalist discourse has long been an important apparatus in modern politics. This paper showed a sharp, yet subtle departure of the Chinese government in its current manipulation of nationalism. Instead of the hardcore revolutionary rhetoric, the new phase of nationalist discourse incorporated many elements of Confucianism to better consolidate the communist regime. Using the 2015 military parade as an example, this paper analyzed how the Chinese central government evoked sentiments and consciousness of nationalism by utilizing and interweaving Confucianism elements of family value, benevolent (Ren), propriety (Li), equilibrium, and harmony into the party-state’s official nationalist discourse. Significance of such organized endeavors in political discourse is discussed.
Monte Carlo calculation of the average neutron depolarization for the NPDGamma experiment

Abstract The NPDGamma experiment measures the asymmetry in γ -ray emission in the capture of polarized neutrons on liquid parahydrogen. The beam polarization is measured using 3 He spin analysis, but this measurement does not account for the contribution of depolarization from spin–flip scattering primarily due to orthohydrogen in the bulk liquid. This is a systematic effect that dilutes the experimental asymmetry and is modeled using Monte Carlo. Methods for tracking neutron spin in MCNPX were developed in order to calculate the average neutron polarization upon capture for use as a multiplicative correction to the measured beam polarization for the NPDGamma experiment.
MODAL SOSIAL DALAM STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI POLITIK

Since the 1998 reformation until the 2014 election, politics in our country was characterized by massive transactional practices. It had been regarding to money politics practiced very obvious in every political event in choosing either in the executives or the representative’s level. However, the more interesting thing, with the rampant practice of transactional culture in the legislative election, is that there were the only few of people who dared to against such issue. This research employs a qualitative research paradigm with using a case study approach in which researcher had found that a political modality of Aziz Kahar Muzakkar is examined in a very strong social capital. Communication strategies which were person campaign strategies, adhesive strategies, structural strategies, cultural strategies as well as the strategy of collaboration between religion and development massages and propaganda techniques. This research also reveals a dominant model of political communication messages was propaganda. The conclusion is that the number of legislative members having a limited budget could be elected in the current transactional politics era. The key for this is to strengthen and maintain social capital in the community, and the communication strategy is in accordance with the political modality owned during the election campaign.
Effect of driving waveform on size and velocity of generated droplets of nanosilver ink (Smartink)

Abstract The quality of generated droplets in direct-write inkjet printing strongly depends on the shape of waveform voltages that control the piezoelectric actuators of the inkjet print head. The goal of this study is to investigate the optimal waveform voltage that influences the size and the velocity of ejected droplets to increase the performance of inkjet printing process. In this paper, Jetlab® 4 x l inkjet printer with single nozzle of diameter 60 μm is used to control the behavior of Smartink (nanosilver ink) droplets at different jetting parameters. The velocity of droplets is measured at different dwell voltages and dwell times and the relationships between the size of the droplets and dwell time and dwell voltage are investigated. Also, a new method is developed by using Python programming to measure the size of the generated droplets and recognize whether the droplet has a spherical or an elliptical shape, and the result is compared with Aphelion imaging software. Finally, lines are printed at three optimum waveform voltages on PEEK and glass substrates.
Empresa y sociedad

In the month of July of 2009 the first social encyclical of Pope Benedicto XVI was published: Caritas in Veritate. For this reason, the habitual leader article of the Revista Fomento Social has been replaced in this number by a group of reflections of interdisciplinary character realised by some of the members of its editorial board. Thus, they have approached the subjects in which habitually they work, but “re-interpreting them” in the light of the reading of the papal text. We enumerate next these individual contributions, whose titles summarize clearly the thematic which they talk about: “Benedicto XVI’s first social encyclical: keys for understanding” (Ildefonso Camacho Larana); “Economic system, business models and business culture” (Juan Ignacio Font Galan); “A more human and all-inclusive conception of economic relations: the economic democracy” (Julio Jimenez Escobar y Alfonso Carlos Morales Gutierrez); “Business and society: the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility” (Rafael Araque Padilla); “Finance and the economic and financial crisis” (Ma del Carmen Lopez Martin y Adolfo Rodero Franganillo); “Ecology and environmental issues. Pragmatic orientations from a different cultural framework” (Juan Antonio Senent de Frutos); “Cooperation for Development” (Jose Juan Romero Rodriguez) y “Fraternity, a way for the human family” (Jose Ma Margenat Peralta).