cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Head-to-head polymers. XV. A facile synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted succinates and butanediols-1,4

A synthetic approach that makes symmetrically 2,3-dialkyl-substituted succinates and compounds prepared from 2,3-dialkyl-substituted succinates easily available has been developed. Coupling of α-bromoalkanoic esters with a zinc/copper couple produced in about 40% yield 2,3-disubstituted succinates which were reduced with LiAlH4 to 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4 in nearly quantitative yields. Some 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4 were cyclodehydrated under reduced pressure with KHSO4 to 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans or acetylated and the diacetyl compounds pyrolyzed at 525°C to 2,3 disubstituted butadienes-1,3. The length of the alkyl chains of the 2,3-dialkylsuccinates and consequently the 2,3-dialkylbutanediols-1,4 ranged from C2 to C16. 2,3-Disubstituted butanediols-1,4, 2,3-disubstituted butadienes-1,3, and 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans are interesting monomers for polymerization experiments.
Bilateral argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle glaucoma.

We performed bilateral argon laser trabeculoplasty on 34 patients with medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma. Preoperative intraocular pressure was >21 mm Hg, with a r = .794, P r = .815), 2 ( r = .757), and 3 ( r = .886) after laser therapy.
Sporulation in Candida pulcherrima, Candida reukaufii and Chlamydozyma species : their relationships with Metschnikowia

Sporulation of Candida pulcherrima, C. reukaufii, Chlamydozyma pulchcrrima, Chl. reukaufii and Chi. zygota was achieved. Ascospores are acicular and 2 per ascus, characteristic of the genus Metschn...
Growth of ultrathin films of cadmium telluride and tellurium as studied by electrochemical atomic force microscopy

Abstract Time dependent, cathodic electrodeposition of ultrathin CdTe and Te films has been studied in 50 mM H2SO4 + 1 mM CdSO4 + 0.1 mM TeO2 solutions at room temperature under potential control using electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). The films were also characterized electrochemically and with X-ray diffraction. The growth mechanism and the composition of the films depends on the applied potentials. Island-like growth mode was observed for CdTe films when the deposition potential was − 0.35 V (SHE). At a more positive deposition potential of 0.138 V (SHE), Cd was not codeposited into the film but affected the dynamic growth mode of the deposit. At this voltage smooth Te films were obtained. Depending on the applied potential, Cd acts either as a codeposition element for CdTe film growth, or as a mediator for layer-by-layer growth of Te films.
Orientation of cobble and boulder beach clasts

Abstract This study of cobble- and boulder-sized clast orientations in pocket beaches indicates that the L-I planes dip seaward at angles steeper than the foreshore slope and that the modal dip direction is generally not perpendicular to the shoreline trend. L-axes are oriented parallel, perpendicular, and at about 45° to the beach trend. Shoreline trends based on orientation data may be estimated incorrectly by as much as 30° because of wave refraction.
Synaptic inputs mediating bipolar cell responses in the tiger salamander retina

Abstract Postsynaptic receptors in bipolar cells were studied by focal application of glutamate and GABA to the outer and inner plexiform layers (OPL and IPL) under visual guidance in living retinal slices of the tiger salamander. Two different types of conductance change could be elicited in bipolar cells by applying glutamate to the OPL. In off-center cells, which had axon telodendria ramifying in the distal 55 % of the IPL, glutamate elicited a conductance increase associated with a reversal potential near −5 mV. In on-center cells, which had telodendria stratified in the proximal 45% of the IPL, glutamate caused a conductance decrease associated with a reversal potential near -11 mV. These observations suggest that glutamate gates relatively nonspecific cation channels at synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cell dendrites. Application of glutamate to the IPL elicited no conductance change in Co2+ Ringer's solution, but in normal Ringer's it generated a conductance increase associated with a reversal potential near the chloride equilibrium potential ECl. These findings are consistent with the notion that glutamate receptors exist in GABAergic and/or glycinergic amacrine cells, and that glutamate in the IPL depolarizes these cells, causing GABA and/or glycine release and the opening of chloride channels in bipolar cell axon terminals. In Co2+ Ringer's, application of GABA at the OPL elicited no conductance changes in bipolar cells, suggesting that GABA receptors do not exist on bipolar cell dendrites. Applied at the IPL, GABA elicited large conductance increases associated with a reversal potential near Eat. Implications of these results for the functional circuitry of the tiger salamander retina are discussed.
Paraneoplastic neuromuscular disorders

Introduction: Paraneoplastic neurological disorders are rare autoimmune conditions that can affect any part of the nervous system, including the peripheral nervous system. These disorders are associated with certain types of cancer, and the peripheral nervous system dysfunction often precedes the symptoms from the cancer itself. Methods: This investigation was undertaken as a topic review. Conclusions: Learning to recognize paraneoplastic neuromuscular disorders, the associated antibodies and their implications, and the appropriate screening modalities can, in some cases, lead to an earlier diagnosis of cancer. Eliminating the cancer, if present, and immunomodulation can potentially improve the symptoms and clinical outcome. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Photoluminescence of water-soluble conjugated polymers : Origin of enhanced Quenching by charge transfer

Quenching of the photoluminescence (PL) emission from conjugated macromolecules by charge transfer to cationic electron acceptors is studied by changing the ion concentration in buffered aqueous solutions, by changing the concentration of acceptors, and by varying the temperature. A weakly bound complex is formed (in water) between polyanionic conjugated macromolecules and cationic electron acceptors with Coulomb binding energy 150 meV. The mean distance between the polymer(-) and quencher (+) was estimated as 10 A, consistent with the effective charge-transfer distance. At high quencher concentrations, quenching by acceptors within the sphere-of-action becomes important; a modified Stern- Volmer equation is used to estimate the radius (400 A). High-temperature studies of concentrated quencher solutions independently indicate a crossover from static quenching to sphere-of-action quenching with a radius 400 A. Since the radius is comparable to the radius of gyration of the macromolecule, the high molecular weight of the conjugated polymer enhances the quenching.
Estimating the number of factors to include in a high-dimensional multivariate bilinear model

We present two new statistics for estimating the number of factors underlying in a multivariate system. One of the two new methods, the original NUMFACT, has been used in high profile environmental studies. The two new methods are first explained from a geometrical viewpoint. We then present an algebraic development and asymptotic cutoff points. Next we present a simulation study that shows that for skewed data the new methods are typically superior to traditional methods and for normally distributed data the new methods are competitive to the best of the traditional methods. We finally show how the methods compare by using two environmental data sets.
Expressing the Modern: Barry Byrne in 1920s Europe

The 1923 European trip undertaken by Francis Barry Byrne and his collaborator, the sculptor Alfonso Iannelli, is the subject of Expressing the Modern: Barry Byrne in 1920s Europe. As vividly recorded in the letters written by Byrne to his future wife, he and Iannelli visited the Weimar Bauhaus and met with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Erich Mendelsohn, J. J. P. Oud, T. H. Wijdeveld, and other leading modernists. Byrne, who trained in Frank Lloyd Wright's first studio, was especially drawn to the work of the expressionists, and Vincent L. Michael associates Byrne's distinctive architecture with that strain of modernism and with the liturgical reform movement that he helped to promote within the Catholic church, his most significant patron. In 1928 Byrne became the only Prairie School architect to build in Europe with the commission for Christ the King church in Cork, Ireland, and he continued to design modern churches into the 1960s.
Token test performance by dyslexic adolescents

Abstract An abbreviated form of the Token Test was administered to 42 normal readers and 42 dyslexic adolescent males. The greatest divergence between the two groups was seen on Part V where syntactic complexity varies. An error analysis also supported the hypothesis that some, but not all, dyslexics have an impaired ability to process syntactic information. The Token Test, particularly Part V, would be a useful aid in the evaluation of dyslexic individuals.
Temperament, Family Environment, and Family History of Alcohol Abuse

Sons and daughters of alcohol-abusers and non-alcohol- abusers were compared on multiple dimensions of temperament. the family environment scale, and a demographic inventory. The offspring of alcohol-abusers differed from the comparison sample on indices of family pathology and instability, several dimensions of temperament, their perceptions of their family of origin, and their own history of alcohol and drug related problems.
The study program of COLRAD

Some of the general activities of COLRAD are described. It is contrasted with other organizations active in the field of R & D Management. Its main emphasis is on research and dissemination of current research results. Three current study projects are described.
Quantitative isolation of liver mitochondria by zonal centrifugation

Abstract A method was developed using zonal centrifugation to recover liver mitochondria quantiatively and free of other cellular components from a sample of whole homogenate. The fractions containing mitochondria were identified by the distribution of cytochrome oxidase and these fractions contained over 90% of the total cytochrome oxidase recovered. The mitochondrial fractions were found to be only slightly contaminated by 5′-nucleotidase (plasma membranes), acid phosphatase (lysosomes), glucose-6-phosphatase (microsomes), and catalase (peroxisomes). There was no detectable contamination by nuclear DNA (nuclei). This method was used to quantitate total liver mitochondrial protein. The development of this procedure provides a means for following total changes in mitochondrial components during mitochondrial biogenesis.
Invariant manifolds for flows in Banach spaces

On presente une theorie des varietes invariantes lisses basee sur la methode classique de Lyapunov-Penon pour des semi-flots continus dans des espaces de Banach
Octupole modifications of the Clausius-Mossotti relation

Abstract Numerical results are presented for the octupole polarizxability of closed p- and d-shell ions. The polarizabilities are used to determine the alterations form the dipole-octupole coupling to the Clausius-Mossotti relation for the dielectric function of ionic solids. Significant changes in the local field at the alkali atom site are found in the alkali-halides.
Modulus increase with magnetic field in ferromagnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga

Ferromagnetic shape memory Ni–Mn–Ga has been shown to exhibit deformations of up to 9.5% when driven with quasistatic fields. This article is focused on the use of Ni–Mn–Ga as the active element in a dynamic transducer consisting of a solenoid and a low-reluctance, closed magnetic path. Despite the absence of a restoring force in this configuration, we have shown in prior studies recoverable compressible strains of 1/4 4100 m, which are attributable to internal bias stresses built in the material during manufacture. In this study, we experimentally establish the presence of a modulus defect in Ni50Mn28.7Ga21.3, whereby the elastic modulus increases as much as 255% upon increasing the applied magnetic field from zero to 380 kA/m DC. Experimental measurements are conducted under both mechanical and magnetic excitation, and analyzed in combination with vibratory models for the system. While in our experiments the attractive magnetic forces between the transducer poles may contribute to the total modulus incr...
Current management of umbilical abnormalities and related anomalies

Prenatally, the umbilicus is of paramount importance, providing the gateway between the mother and the fetus. As the fetus becomes increasingly autonomous at the end of the second month of fetal life, the connections (vitelline, urachal) diminish in significance and involute. Disturbances in this process can result in a wide variety of abnormalities, ranging from relatively minor defects identified at birth (umbilical granulation tissue) to life-threatening complications quiescent until late adulthood (urachal carcinoma). This section will review the 'state of the art' in evaluation and management of these umbilical and related abnormalities.
Mechanism of nanowire formation in metal assisted chemical etching

Abstract A simple, effective, and universal model is presented for the formation of silicon nanowires during silver metal assisted chemical etching of silicon. The model explains nanowire formation in terms of well-known and well-understood principles of electrochemical exchange current densities at silver metal/solution interfaces, silicon/silver ion reaction kinetics, and diffusion limited aggregatoon (DLA) kinetics. The role of the metal in the formation of nanowires is clearly defined and the model is easily extended to other transition metal systems, including: Pt, Au and Pd.
High-Efficacy Thymidine Kinase Gene Transfer to Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Mediated by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Vector

In this report, a replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vector has been employed to deliver the Escherichia coli LacZ and HSV thymidine kinase (HSVtk) genes to six human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and the efficacy of gene transfer compared to that of adenoviral vectors in vitro. The transduction efficiency of the LacZ-containing virus TOZ.1 was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively following infection of the different ovarian cancer cell lines. The therapeutic ability of the HSV-T3 vector, which contains the HSVtk gene, was additionally investigated in comparison to the AdCMVHSVTK. Our results show that HSV-1-mediated gene transfer is quantitatively superior to adenoviral vector in five of the six ovarian cancer cell lines at a 100-fold lower dose in vitro. Our preliminary studies suggest that HSV-1 may be a promising alternative vector for ovarian cancer gene therapy.
Evidence of sequential opening and closing of lung units during inflation-deflation of excised rat lungs

Abstract In this study we propose a descriptive model of the events occurring in an excised lung during an inflation-deflation cycle. The model was developed by observing changes in small pressure-volume loops superimposed on quasistatic pressure volume curves. It was found that the shape of the small loops during lund inflation was a function of the previous end-expiratory pressure. These experimental results could most easily be explained by a model of the lung in which individual lung units open sequentially as the lung is inflated. During sequential recruitment, individual lung units open quickly to a volume determined by the transpulmonary pressure. The units then homogeneously increase and decrease in size according to pressure-volume curves similar to the defletion curve of the entire lung. Once lung units have been recruited, they remain open until the lung has been deflated to end-expiratory pressures below 3–4 cm H 2 O. Reducing the end-expiratory pressure to lower values causes additional derecruitment of lung units until a transpulmonary pressure of 0.0 to −1.0 cm H 2 O has been reached.
The changing world of international protection of intellectual property

Economic and ideological motives underpin differing positions on the protection of intellectual property, with the strongest divisions running between developed and less developed countries. Protection for intellectual property rests on international treaties and agreements, regional arrangements, bilateral agreements, and unilateral actions. In recent years, nations that have been notorioushavens for piracy have sought to bring their laws and enforcement more into line with international standards.
Null effects of exposure duration and heterogeneity of difference on thesame-different disparity in letter matching

The rechecking and external-noise postulates of Krueger’s (1978) noisy-operator theory were examined in three letter-matching experiments. Rechecking was tested by varying exposure duration, both without (Experiment 1) and with (Experiment 2) a subsequent noise mask. Predictions of a decreasedsame-different reaction time disparity and an increase in falsedifferent errors at brief exposures were not borne out. The external-noise postulate was tested by varying the degree of heterogeneity of difference between letter sets. The prediction of a smallersamedifferent reaction time disparity for the more heterogeneous letter set was not obtained. Thus, the results did not support internal noise as the basis of thesame-different disparity, but were more consistent with response-inhibition accounts.
Inflammatory effects of ozone in the upper airways of subjects with asthma.

The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to ozone causes inflammatory or functional changes in the upper or lower airways of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. Ten asthmatic and eight nonasthmatic subjects were exposed to clean air, 120 ppb ozone, or 240 ppb ozone for 90 min during intermittent moderate exercise using a head dome exposure system. Pulmonary function tests, posterior rhinomanometry, and nasal lavage were performed before and after exposure. Leukocyte counts and chemotactic factors leukotriene B4 (LTB4), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were analyzed from nasal lavage fluid. In subjects with asthma, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of white blood cells in lavage fluid was detected both immediately and 24 h after exposure to 240 ppb ozone, as was a significant increase in epithelial cells immediately after exposure (p < 0.05). No significant cellular changes were seen in nonasthmatic subjects. A significant correlation was obs...
Bundling as a strategy for new product introduction: Effects on consumers' reservation prices for the bundle, the new product, and its tie-in

Abstract This research investigates the effects of bundling on consumers' reservation prices for the bundle and its components including a new product (i.e., the primary product) and a tie-in product. Based on a quasi-experimental procedure (n = 180) involving mixed-product bundles of personal care products, the study examines the effect of the product combination, the form of the bundle (whether a within- or between-brand bundle), and attitudes toward the brand(s) as important determinants of consumers' evaluation of the bundle itself. The results show that prior attitudes toward the component brands significantly affect the evaluation of the bundle, which, in turn, mediates the influence of these prior attitudes on consumer reservation prices for the bundle itself and, subsequently, for both the new product and the tie-in individually.
Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles With Uncertain Departure Times: A Closed-Form Solution

In this paper, we show that an uncertain departure time significantly changes the analysis in optimizing the charging schedule of electric vehicles (EVs). We also obtain a closed-form solution for the stochastic optimization problem that is formulated to schedule charging of EVs with uncertain departure times in presence of hourly time-of-use pricing tariffs.
Further Studies on Nutritional Factors Influencing the Expression of Vitamin E Deficiency Symptoms in Chicks

Abstract IT HAS previously been shown that vitamin E free diets can be formulated which when supplemented with unsaturated fat, do not give rise to either encephalomalacia or exudative diathesis in non-depleted chicks, Scott et al. (1957). They concluded that nutritional factors other than those described to date are capable of influencing the expression of vitamin E deficiency in the chick. At about the same time Patterson et al. (1957) and Schwarz et al. (1957) demonstrated that vitamin E free casein and a number of defatted pork tissues as well as selenium afforded a high degree of protection against exudative diathesis in chicks fed Torula yeast diets devoid of vitamin E. Since the basal diet employed by Scott et al. (1957) contained “vitamin-free” casein, one can postulate in light of the observations noted above that an impurity in the casein, presumably selenium, prevented the appearance of exudative diathesis. It should be …
Health care, public policy and the courts: black health status as a civil rights issue.

Abstract In the U.S.A. serious differences in the health status between black and white citizens continue to exist. Black Americans are less healthy and receive less health care than white Americans. This discrimination is examined as a civil rights issue with focus on both the policy and judicial perspectives of the application of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the implementative effects of the Hill-Burton Act of 1946. The application, and compliance and enforcement, of civil rights to health care is complicated by a captivity process involving Federal agencies, by corporate medical rights emphasizing a business approach to health care, and by a liberal pluralistic political arena in which certain influential groups prevail over others. In order for black health status and care to improve in the U.S.A., blacks must continue to utilize the judicial system to seek redress of health care inequities. Second, they must utilize their demonstrated political power to demand better treatment from the medical establishment.
Hilbert-Siegel Moduli Spaces in Positive Characteristic

Hilbert-Siegel varieties are moduli spaces for abelian varieties equipped with an action by an order OK in a fixed, totally real field K. As such, they include both the Siegel moduli spaces (use K = Q and the action is the standard one) and Hilbert-Blumenthal varieties (where the dimension of K is the same as that of the abelian varieties in question). In this paper we study certain phenomena associated to HilbertSiegel varieties in positive characteristic. Specifically, we show that ordinary points are dense in moduli spaces of mildly inseparably polarized abelian varieties with action by a given totally real field. Moreover, we introduce a combinatorial invariant of the first cohomology of an abelian variety which allows us to compute and explain the singularities of such a moduli space.
Modulation of corneal epithelial innate immune response to pseudomonas infection by flagellin pretreatment.

Keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potentially vision-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent vision loss.1 The corneal epithelium functions as a barrier that separates the eye from the outside environment and contributes to homeostasis and host defense of the cornea.2,3 Like in other tissues, corneal epithelial cells constitute the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and therefore must possess the ability to detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The ability of epithelial cells to recognize and respond to microbial components is attributed largely to the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs).4,5 Among the TLRs, TLR5, via recognition of flagellin, is a sensor for detecting Gram-negative bacteria in a variety of cells and tissues.3,6–8 In HCECs, purified flagellin induces NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in a TLR5-dependent manner,9 but recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by these cells is controversial.10,11 TLR5-knockout and other studies have highlighted the importance of this pattern-recognizing receptor in microbial recognition, particularly at a mucosal surface.7,12,13 The recognition of microbial products by TLRs elicits a cascade of signal transduction pathways, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the expression of antimicrobial molecules that kill the invading pathogens at the mucosal surface.14–16 Although the production of proinflammatory cytokines is important for mediating the initial host defense against invading pathogens, an excessive host inflammatory response can be detrimental. Thus, TLR-mediated corneal inflammation is a double-edged sword that must be precisely regulated.2 To date, the TLR signaling pathways leading to inflammatory response have been well documented,3 but the underlying cellular mechanisms that directly control cytokine production after TLR stimulation are largely unresolved. Recent studies revealed that pre-exposure to a TLR ligand can result in impaired NF-κB activation and greatly decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to subsequent high-dose TLR ligand challenge in a variety of cells including epithelial cells,17–22 a phenomenon resembling endotoxin tolerance.23 In the present study, we used a dose of flagellin that causes NF-κB activation, but only minimal proinflammatory cytokine production, to induce tolerance or reprogramming of HCECs to the subsequent high-dose flagellin and live P. aeruginosa challenge. Our results suggest that flagellin-induced tolerance and reprogramming represent a negative-feedback mechanism invoked to induce resolution of inflammation and to restore homeostasis after TLR activation triggered by exposure to invading pathogens in the cornea.
SIMPROCESS III: object-oriented business process simulation

SIMPROCESS III combines the principles of business process re-engineering, the power of simulation, and the clarity of animated graphics to help understand and predict the consequences of proposed changes to business systems. SIMPROCESS III is designed to answer questions quickly-with no programming. You pose a question, graphically configure a model, run the simulation, and reach conclusions. You then run the model with proposed changes to close in on the system configuration that best suits your needs. This paper describes who should use SIMPROCESS III, the types of systems SIMPROCESS III can model, and how a model is constructed.
A protective service system

Abstract This article presents the results of a small scale study of the protective service caseload of a mid-western metropolitan area. The basic characteristics of the caseload match the national picture presented by the American Humane Association's National Study on Child Abuse and Neglect. The present study focused on the degree to which “systematic” vs. “random” forces appear to be at work in the progress of cases through the system. The overall picture is of some systematic efforts to conduct the process of referrals to community agencies but of a great deal of “randomness” in the bureaucratic closing of cases. This is a major area of concern.
Thermomechanical stress-aware management for 3D IC designs

The thermomechanical stress has been considered as one of the most challenging problems in three-dimensional integration circuits (3D ICs), due to the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the through-silicon vias (TSVs) and silicon substrate, and the presence of elevated thermal gradients. To address the stress issue, we propose a thorough solution that combines design-time and run-time techniques for the relief of thermomechanical stress and the associated reliability issues. A sophisticated TSV stress-aware floorplan policy is proposed to minimize the possibility of wafer cracking and interfacial delamination. In addition, the run-time thermal management scheme effectively eliminates large thermal gradients between layers. The experimental results show that the reliability of 3D design can be significantly improved due to the reduced TSV thermal load and the elimination of mechanical damaging thermal cycling pattern.
The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome

The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome is characterized by sparse fine hair, bulbous nose, and brachydactyly. The clinical and radiological findings of four affected family members, a father and his three children, are presented. Cardiovascular anomalies, previously unreported in this syndrome, were present in one of the children. Psychological and immunological evaluations were found to be essentially normal. The genetics of this condition and suggested counselling are presented.
Genetic variation and covariation in a population of tetraploid Dactylis L. accessions.

Efficient utilization of divergent germ plasm sources in breeding cultivated Dactylis glomerata L. ssp. glomerata Domin depends on knowledge of quantitative variation within and among accessions. This study was undertaken to quantify variation and covariation for forage yield, maturity, disease reaction, and ground cover within a population of tetraploid Dactylis accessions. Variation was observed among families within the population for each variable. Most genetic variation (73%–93% of the family sums of squares) was within country sources or within accessions. Thus, country boundaries, which are traditionally important factors used in defining limits of plant exploration expeditions, have limited expected use in targeting future exploration for specific sources of high yield, disease resistance, or ground cover. Maturity was the exception to this; late-maturing accessions were identified as originating exclusively from the USSR. Some relationships among traits, such as that for yield and disease reaction, differed for accessions and cultivars. Several accessions and families within accessions were identified to have performance superior to most or all cultivars included in this study. Existing germ plasm from several countries was identified to have potential in breeding orchardgrass, while that from other countries appeared to have little or no potential in supplying germ plasm for hay production in humid-temperate environments.
Tracing the Cretan Labyrinth: Mythology, Archaeology, Topology, Phenomenology

This essay discusses the Cretan labyrinth in relation to J.T. Fraser’s concept of eotemporality. The Cretan labyrinth is treated in diverse contexts, including its depiction in mythology and the archaeological attempts to locate it. The topology of the ‘Cretan’ or ‘classical’ labyrinth is analyzed, and a phenomenological account of the temporal experience facilitated by walking the labyrinth is provided.
Effect of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane on the in vivo metabolism of acetate-14C in rats.

Abstract DDT given orally to adult female rats, at doses between 20 and 200 mg/kg, was shown to have drastic effects on the acetate metabolism. The normal elimination pattern of the expired 14 CO 2 from 14 C-labeled acetate was distorted, and the rate of output of the 14 CO 2 was decreased. The ratio of two labeled urinary metabolites, urea, and one unknown compound, was also affected by DDT. Both these effects were dependent upon the dosage level and time of postadministration. DDT affected differently the incorporation of C-1 and C-2 carbons of acetate molecules into unknown metabolites, suggesting that these two carbons may go through different pathways of metabolism. No such effect was observed when labeled acetate was given intraperitoneally, suggesting that active absorption and transport by the intestinal tract may be involved.
Category-specific modulation of inferior temporal activity during working memory encoding and maintenance

Findings from neurophysiology have supported the view that visual working memory (WM) relies on modulation of activity in object-selective populations of neurons in inferior temporal cortex. Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether similar mechanisms support human visual working memory encoding and maintenance processes. We identified regions in inferior temporal cortex that exhibited category-specific responses during perception of faces (fusiform face area [FFA]) or scenes (parahippocampal place area [PPA]) and investigated whether activity in these regions would be modulated by demands to actively encode and maintain faces and scenes. Results showed that independent of perceptual stimulation, the FFA and PPA exhibited greater encoding- and maintenance-related activity when their favored stimulus was relevant to the recognition task. In contrast, maintenance-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was modulated by memory load, regardless of the type of information that was task relevant. These results are consistent with the view that visual working memory encoding and maintenance processes are implemented through modulation of inferior temporal activity by prefrontal cortex.
Fatty Acids in Vernonia Produced in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States

Vernonia galamensis [(Cass.) Less.] is a native of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Seed of vernonia contain substantial quantities of naturally epoxidized oil, which is used in the paint industry to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds that produce smog resulting from the use of petroleum-based (alkyd-resin) paint. Epoxidized oil is also used in the manufacture of plasticizers, additives to polyvinyl chloride, polymer blends and coatings, and cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Previous research has indicated that vernonia has potential for commercialization in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. This study characterized fatty acids in oil from vernonia grown in this latter region. Vernonia oil, from 14 vernonia lines grown during 1995 and 1996 under field conditions in Virginia, contained 3.3, 3.0, 5.0, 15.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.4, and 72.7%, respectively, of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, C20:1, and vernolic (C18:1 epoxy) fatty acids. Effects of genotypes on vernonia oil quality were generally not significant whereas the effects of years were significant. The concentration of vernolic acid was positively correlated with oil concentration but negatively correlated with concentrations of all individual fatty acids, except for C18:3.
Optical fibers coated with non-linear Langmuir-Blodgett films☆

Abstract We report second harmonic generation (SHG) in structures composed of optical fiber cores coated with Langmuir-Blodgett non-linear films. Such structures may serve as attractive alternatives to currently available coated slab non-linear waveguides. The fabrication of frequency doublers, couplers and modulators on optical fibers would eliminate the difficult problems of coupling from planar signal conditioners, sensors and detectors onto fiber transmission systems. In addition, the small size of fibers allows for the high energy densities required for non-linear interactions to exist over large distances. Our results confirm that fibers can be coated and the deposition ratio monitored, provided that a sufficient number are dipped simultaneously. The dependence of SHG on distance as well as the variation with number of layers for a hemicyanine dye deposited on multimode fiber cores are discussed.
Survey of Dentists’ Attitudes Regarding Instructions for Home Care for Patients Who Wear Dentures

Continuous wearing of dentures may contribute to inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and alveolar bone resorption. A group of dentists were surveyed to determine how they were trained to instruct patients who wear dentures and what they currently recommend concerning continuous wear of dentures.
Male–male competition fails to sexually stimulate domestic rams

Abstract Male domestic sheep are non-territorial and mate in multiple-male mating groups in which males compete for access to females. The following study tests whether rams are sexually stimulated by participation in or observation of male–male competition for estrous ewes and if so, whether the response is affected by the sexual performance level of rams. Twenty-eight sexually-experienced yearling rams were given individual 30 min sexual performance tests immediately after 15 min of (1) direct competition (DC) with other rams for 10 estrous ewes whose perinea had been covered to prevent intromissions, (2) observing rams competing for estrous females (OC), (3) observing other rams without females (OR) and (4) observing an empty pen (EP). The DC and OC treatments did not enhance sexual performance relative to the control treatments. Instead, the DC treatment resulted in a reduced rate of ejaculation, possibly because of the physical exertion of repeatedly mounting females and accompanying male–male agonistic interactions. In addition, some rams may have become sexually inhibited because of the inability to attain intromissions in the DC treatment. High- and low-performing rams did not differ in their response to the four treatments. Frequencies of mounts without ejaculation and mounts per ejaculation were not influenced by treatment or sexual performance level. It was concluded that observing rams engaged in competition for estrous females does not improve sexual performance and that sexual performance is reduced following direct competition for females.
Plug-in HEV charging for maximum impact of wind energy on reduction of CO 2 emissions in propulsion

This paper studies the reduction in CO 2 resulting from synergistic interaction of PHEVs with an electric grid containing significant amount of wind power. A combined optimal charging and optimal power management approach is used to rigorously quantify the optimal CO 2 reduction impact. This approach produces results that show that inclusion of any amount of wind power on the grid results in reduced CO 2 from transportation. The results also account for the temporal variation in wind power. Furthermore, since it is not practical to implement a different control strategy for days with different amounts of wind, we quantify the loss of optimality resulting from this variability in wind.
Effects of intrathecally administered nociceptin/orphanin FQ in monkeys: behavioral and mass spectrometric studies.

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a heptadecapeptide that is an endogenous ligand for the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral responses of N/OFQ and its major fragment N/OFQ(2-17) in monkeys following i.t. administration. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to quantify the amounts of N/OFQ and N/OFQ(2-17) in the cerebrospinal fluid at specific time points when effects of i.t. N/OFQ were sustained and disappeared. Intrathecal administration of N/OFQ dose dependently (10-100 nmol) produced long-lasting antinociception against a noxious stimulus, 50°C water, and did not elicit itch/scratching responses in monkeys. Subcutaneous pretreatment with a selective NOP receptor antagonist, (+)J-113397 [(1-[3 R ,4 R )-1-cyclooctymethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3,-dihydro-2 H -benzimidazol-2-one] (0.1 mg/kg), completely blocked i.t. N/OFQ (100 nmol)-induced antinociception. In contrast, a classic opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone (0.01 and 1 mg/kg), failed to reverse i.t. N/OFQ-induced antinociception. MALDI-TOF-MS showed that the amount of N/OFQ(2-17) was 4-fold higher than that of N/OFQ at 1.5 h after i.t. administration of 100 nmol N/OFQ. Intrathecal N/OFQ-induced antinociception disappeared at 4.5 h, which corresponded to nearly undetectable cerebrospinal fluid levels of N/OFQ. No other metabolite of N/OFQ was detected at appreciable levels at either the 1.5- or 4.5-h time points. Although significant amounts of N/OFQ(2-17) were detected at the 1.5- and 4.5-h time points, 100 nmol N/OFQ(2-17) i.t. was inactive in changing the monkeys9 nociceptive threshold. These results provide the first functional evidence of spinal N/OFQ-induced antinociception in primates and indicate that activation of spinal NOP receptors may be a potential target for spinal analgesics.
Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Pathline Analysis of Contributing Areas To Public‐Supply Wells of Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Steady-state two- and three-dimensional ground-water-flow models coupled with particle tracking (fluid-particle pathline analysis) have been evaluated to determine their relative effectiveness in delineating contributing areas and particle traveltimes to public-supply wells in two contrasting stratified-drift aquifers of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Several contributing areas delineated by the three-dimensional pathline analysis do not conform to simple ellipsoidal shapes that are typically delineated by use of two-dimensional analytical and numerical modeling techniques. They also include discontinuous areas of the water table and do not surround the supply wells. Because two-dimensional area! models do not account for vertical flow, they cannot adequately represent many of the hydrogeologic and well-design variables that complicate the delineation of contributing areas in three-dimensional flow systems on Cape Cod, including the presence and continuity of discrete zones of low hydraulic conductivity, large anisotropic ratios of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, partially penetrating supply wells, shallow streams and lakes, and low (less than about 0.1 million gallons per day) pumping rates. Particle traveltimes calculated by the two-dimensional models are longer than those calculated by the three-dimensional models, and time-related capture zones determined by the two-dimensional models underpredict the size of the land area contributing water to simulated wells. It appears that the two-dimensional models do not accurately represent shallow, partially penetrating wells, or heterogeneous and anisotropic sediments for the purposes of simulating contributing areas and traveltimes in complex ground-water systems.
The effect of the development of an eczematous sensitization to a drug on the pharmacologic properties of that drug

Abstract 1.1. The pharmacological properties of an adrenergic blocking drug, SY-28, were studied in the skin. 2.2. It was found that the drug SY-28 when introduced into the skin by ion transfer was a powerful eczematous sensitizer. 3.3. It was found that these properties were unchanged by the development of an eczematous sensitization to the drug, even when the pharmacological reaction was tested at the site of and at the height of the sensitization reaction. 4.4. There was a suggestion that the ability of the drug SY-28 to block epinephrine was actually enhanced by the genesis of the sensitization. 5.5. This is the first investigation which quantitatively studied the effect of the development of an eczematous sensitization on the pharmacological properties of the antigen. 6.6. Theories are advanced to explain the possible effects of the sensitization on the blocking properties of the drug.
Hepatic Midzonal Necrosis in a Pig Fed Aflatoxin and a Horse Fed Moldy Hay

A 35-kg Duroc pig died 3 days after eating a ration containing aflatoxin B1, B2, G1; and G2. It had hemorrhagic enteritis and extensive midzonal necrosis in the liver. A 13-year-old Quarter-horse that died 2 days after eating moldy hay had hemorrhagic enteritis, fatty degeneration of the myocardium and renal tubules, and extensive total midzonal necrosis of the liver.
Using mixed methods research in medical education: basic guidelines for researchers

CONTEXT Mixed methods research involves the collection, analysis and integration of both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study. The benefits of a mixed methods approach are particularly evident when studying new questions or complex initiatives and interactions, which is often the case in medical education research. Basic guidelines for when to use mixed methods research and how to design a mixed methods study in medical education research are not readily available. METHODS The purpose of this paper is to remedy that situation by providing an overview of mixed methods research, research design models relevant for medical education research, examples of each research design model in medical education research, and basic guidelines for medical education researchers interested in mixed methods research. CONCLUSIONS Mixed methods may prove superior in increasing the integrity and applicability of findings when studying new or complex initiatives and interactions in medical education research. They deserve an increased presence and recognition in medical education research.
Designing the Next Generation of Real-Time Control, Communication, and Computations for Large Power Systems

The power grid is not only a network interconnecting generators and loads through a transmission and distribution system, but is overlaid with a communication and control system that enables economic and secure operation. This multilayered infrastructure has evolved over many decades utilizing new technologies as they have appeared. This evolution has been slow and incremental, as the operation of the power system consisting of vertically integrated utilities has, until recently, changed very little. The monitoring of the grid is still done by a hierarchical design with polling for data at scanning rates in seconds that reflects the conceptual design of the 1960s. This design was adequate for vertically integrated utilities with limited feedback and wide-area controls; however, the thesis of this paper is that the changing environment, in both policy and technology, requires a new look at the operation of the power grid and a complete redesign of the control, communication and computation infrastructure. We provide several example novel control and communication regimes for such a new infrastructure.
Identification of a new brain-specific transcription factor, NURR1.

We have identified and cloned a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The cDNA was isolated from a mouse brain cDNA library and encodes a protein 598 amino acids in length with a predicted mol wt of 66 kilodaltons. The amino acid sequence of the protein is closely related to an additional family member and immediate early gene product, Nur77, and the novel factor is referred to as Nurr1 (Nur-related factor 1). The relationship between Nurr1 and Nur77 suggests that these proteins constitute an additional subfamily within the nuclear receptor superfamily. Like Nur77, the expression of Nurr1 is induced by membrane depolarization of PC12 cells. However, while Nur77 shows an early transcriptional response to nerve growth factor stimulation, the failure of Nurr1 to respond to this agent suggests a differential selectivity of the two proteins in terms of their transcriptional responses to specific stimuli. Finally, both proteins are differentially expressed during development and in tissues of the ad...
On the Psychology of the Apollo Moon Scientists: A Chapter in the Psychology of Science

This paper describes afollow-up study of a 4-year investigation of the scientific attitudes and personalities of a select sample of the Apollo moon scientists. Semantic differentials for the purpose of eliciting the structure of scientific roles and personalities were administered. Also administered were the Leary Adjective Check List and Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank. The results show not only that there are strong and sharp differences among a small number of different scientific "types," but also that scientists are affectively involved with their work to a high degree. The results of the study lend support to some of Abraham Maslow's provocative ideas regarding the psychology of science.
Turbo-like coded multi-h continuous phase modulation

Motivated by the serial turbo coding concept, power-and bandwidth-efficient serially concatenated multi-h continuous phase modulation (CPM) is proposed, along with appropriate receiver structures for iterative demodulation/decoding. Chernoff upper bounds on the error probability are derived using the transfer functions under a uniform interleaver assumption. Convergence analysis based on the input and output extrinsic information is also used to evaluate the error performance in the water-fall region. Serially concatenated multi-h CPM is shown to outperform single-h CPM.