cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Social System in China

China kommt in Schwierigkeiten. Trotz des anhaltenden Wirtschaftswachstums und dem weiterhin hohen Investitionsvolumen durch auslandische Unternehmen wird China in den nachsten Jahren im sozial-kulturellen Bereich die grosten Probleme der Welt zu bewaltigen haben. Die Geburtenkontrolle hat zwar zu einem stabilen Bevolkerungszuwachs gefuhrt, trotzdem wird sich die Einwohnerzahl jahrlich im Durchschnitt um 8,09 Millionen Bewohner erhohen. Das sind jedes Jahr 8 Millionen Menschen, die eine soziale Versorgung benotigen. Die Folgen der Geburtenkontrolle haben zu einer ungleichen Verteilung zwischen Jungen und Madchen gefuhrt zweitens zu einem beschleunigten Uberalterungsprozess. 2005 waren 11% der Bevolkerung uber 60 Jahre alt. Hohe Investitionen in das Bildungssystem erhohten die Anzahl der Postgraduierten und haben das Bildungsniveau angehoben, aber paradoxerweise ist auch die Anzahl der arbeitslosen Jungakademiker gestiegen. Die Wanderarbeiter werden weiterhin zunehmen und zu einer steigenden Urbanisierung der Stadte fuhren. Die damit verbundenen enormen sozialen Probleme stellen eine Herausforderungen fur das staatliche Verwaltungsstellen dar.
Chemical Systematics of Termite Exocrine Secretions

Termites constitute an ideal taxon for studying chemical systematics in insects. Emerson (35) listed 14 reasons why termites are excellent material for understanding evolutionary processes. These include: (a) a manageable number of species (2000) with a sound classical taxonomy, (b) the existence of fossil species and extant ancestral-type genera, (c) a rigid social system of interdependent, yet morphologically, behaviorally, and physiologically distinct castes and (d) numerous coevolved inquiline and symbiotic organisms that depend on the stability of termites for their existence. Many of the unique features of termite life are chemically based. For this reason, a wealth of information on the chemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral details of termite exocrine glands and secretions has emerged in the last 15 years. This review will stress the comparative aspects of soldier-defense chemicals, worker trail-following and alate-calling pheromones, and cuticular hydrocarbons in assessing the relationships among taxa. Separate reviews contain discussions of the various defense mechanisms available to termites (28, 107), the morphology of exocrine glands (89, 90, 116), and the chemicals (84, 85, 101), ecology (15, 25, 77, 81), and behavior (81, 85, 131) associated with them. Likewise, background information on termite biogeography and distribution (18, 34, 67, 68) and phylogenetic relationships (35, 59, 67, 125, 127) will not be reiterated in detail.
Evaluation of methods for inactivating porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in livestock trailers

Since the introduction and detection of PEDV in the US in the spring of 2013, the swine industry has witnessed incredibly rapid spread of the virus to sow herds and growing pigs across the geographical US. The swine industry is an “industry on wheels,” with transport of large numbers of swine across the country every day. It is not surprising then, to discover that contaminated livestock trailers have played a role in the movement of this virus. We cannot quickly change the mobile nature of swine production, but we can identify and implement effective decontamination procedures for contaminated livestock trailers. The body of literature reviewing inactivation of PEDV is very small, but there are a great number of studies that describe inactivation of other, structurally similar, coronaviruses. These studies indicate that several of the typical methods employed for livestock trailer decontamination, e.g. chemical disinfection and exposure to high temperatures, as well as other environmental conditions such as alkaline pH and high relative humidity, or prolonged time at moderate temperatures were all capable of effectively inactivating coronaviruses. Additionally, it was evident that the presence of proteins around the virus (as might be present in feces) decreased the effectiveness of both heat and disinfectant at virus inactivation, and that chemical disinfectants are more effective when applied at higher temperatures. To directly investigate the ability of high temperatures to inactivate PEDV in the context of a livestock trailer and TADD facility, original research was conducted to evaluate multiple temperatures applied to PEDV-contaminated feces on aluminum trays. PEDV inactivation was determined via swine bioassay. In this study only 71°C for 10 minutes and
Who Certifies Off-Label?

Off-label prescribing of pharmaceuticals provides a window onto how a less-regulated drug certification system would operate because such prescribing is permitted without extensive efficacy testing by the Food and Drug Administration. The experience with off-label prescribing and the experience of pre-1962 America suggest that initial efficacy requirements may do more harm than good because they slow or altogether stop various drugs' entry into the market. Dropping efficacy requirements is a proposal that should be taken seriously.
Thermodynamic Properties and Polymer Solvent Interaction Parameters for Silicone Rubber Networks

Abstract The relationships of the volume fraction of rubber (silica reinforced silicone rubber vulcanizates) at equilibrium swelling to a corresponding solvent-rubber interaction parameter have been found to agree quite well with theory throughout the entire range of volume fractions investigated. Composite sigmoidal curves were constructed from the ϕrs versus μ data for the different vulcanizates. Temperature and solvent effects were found to merely shift the plotting points along the curves for the respective vulcanizates. Contrary to other work linear relationships between ϕrs and μ were found in this investigation only in the range of moderate dilations. Such relationships could lead to serious misinterpretations if the investigations involved ϕrs versus μ data near an inflection point. Thus, the value of μ relative to a corresponding ϕrs not only depend upon solvent (s) and temperature, but also upon the level of vulcanization at moderate to high dilations. The entropy, enthalpy, and free energy chan...
The relationship between restraint and weight and weight-related behaviors among individuals in a community weight gain prevention trial.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the cross-section and prospective associations between the Eating Inventory's (EI) total, flexible and rigid dietary restraint scales and changes in weight and behaviors in a community sample of adults enrolled in a 3 y weight gain prevention study. METHODS: Subjects were participants in the Pound of Prevention (POP) study, a community-based weight gain prevention trial. RESULTS: Higher levels of baseline total, flexible and rigid dietary restraint were related to lower weight and more weight-controlling behaviors at the baseline assessment. Baseline restraint measures positively predicted increases in weighing frequency over the 3 y follow-up. Increases in restraint over the follow-up period were related to decreases in weight, energy intake and television watching, and increases in self-weighing and physical activity. CONCLUSION: The EI's total, flexible and rigid restraint scales were not differently associated with weight and behaviors in this heterogeneous sample of adults who were attempting to lose weight. Developing methods to increase behavioral and cognitive strategies to control weight may help to prevent weight gain in clinical and community samples. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 574–580
COMPLEMENT-FIXING ACTIVITY OF RABBIT ANTIBODY RECONSTRUCTED FROM HALF MOLECULES.

SummaryRabbit anti-BSA antibody was reduced in 0.1 M mercaptoethylamine (pH 5.0) followed by alkylation with iodoacetate. Specific precipitates formed with the treated antibody and antigen fixed C. The C′-fixing activity of the specific precipitates did not change by the treatment at pH 2.5 in 0.1 M NaCl, which results in dissociation of the precipitates into BSA and half molecules of antibody. The results indicate that the antibody reconstructed from the half molecules fixes C with antigen and that inter-H chain disulfide linkages in original antibody molecules are not essential for C fixation.
Longevity of Overwintered Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Following Emergence in Spring and Early Summer

Overwintered boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were caged on various food sources to determine their longevity after emergence from winter habitat. Weevils caged on a combination of nonfruiting-fruiting cotton survived longer than those confined on nonfruiting cotton, a wild feeding host ( Hymenopappus flavescens Gray), and those held without food. Only weevils feeding on fruiting cotton exhibited a high percentage of survival beyond 20 days. The relatively short life span of overwintered weevils not having access to fruiting cotton supports the concept of delayed uniform cotton planting as a cultural management technique.
Energy analysis for natural gas shallow cooling facility

The practical operation performances of the shallow cooling facility of one natural gas process system was far from the design indexes,not achieving the anticipated running efficiency and economic benefit.The operation characteristics of the facility was analyzed by energy balance,and a energy balance model for the facility was established.Analyzing the field test data showed that the energy efficiency loss for the compression unit,ammonia compressor and heat exchange unit were 18.9%,9.4% and 3.7%,respectively.The compression unit should be modified firstly because of its high energy loss.
Research on the Effect of Input on Yield and Economic Benefits of Super Rice——Based on the Investigation of the 568 Households Which Belonged to Ten Counties in Two Southward Province and One Northward Province

After the investigation on the input and output of four varieties of super rice in 2001 and 2007 from 568 households which belonged to ten counties in two southward province and one northward province,this author analyzed the economic benefits of super rice,and studied the effect of input on yield of super rice.The results of the research were showed as follows: as far as the varieties of super rice were concerned,when the rice acreage increased 10 percents,the rice yields would increase 17.2 percents to 19.1 percents;When the effective content of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer increased 10 percents,the rice yields would increase 6.78 percents and 4.95 percents.The input of potassium fertilizer had visibly improved in past six years,but the effect of increasing labor input on the increasing yield was not distinct,and so on.So we should pay attention to the input of fertilizer.Finally,this article put forward some suggestions to extend the varieties of super rice and accelerate the intensification and specialization and mechanization of super rice production.
Energy ratio of the seismic waves reflected and refracted at a rock-water boundary

The subject of energy ratios of seismic waves reflected and refracted at a discontinuity has been studied by various authors; a list of references is given at the end of this paper. They deal mostly with the theory and computations concerning the cases where a wave is incident at a boundary between two solid media. Reflection at the surface of the earth has been studied by Zoeppritz, Geiger, and Gutenberg, Geiger and Gutenberg, Gutenberg, and Jeffreys. The case of the mantle-core boundary has been computed by Dana. The present paper deals with the case of the ocean floor. We are particularly interested in zero points and extreme points of energy ratios of waves resulting from the incidence of a wave at either side of the discontinuity. Since this work was begun a few years ago, much progress has been accomplished in the study of microseisms and their use as a hurricane-detecting device. In this connection we hope that the results obtained in this paper may provide material for further studies concerning the passage of a wave, set up in the water by a storm, to the solid crustal layers.
The Number Needed to Remind: a Measure for Assessing CDS Effectiveness

Background Clinical decision support (CDS) is associated with improvement in quality and efficiency in healthcare delivery. The appropriate way to evaluate its effectiveness remains uncertain.
Phosphated cyclodextrins as water-soluble chiral NMR solvating agents for cationic compounds

The utility of phosphated α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins as water-soluble chiral NMR solvating agents for cationic substrates is described. Two sets of phosphated cyclodextrins, one with degrees of substitution in the 2-6 range, the other with degrees of substitution in the 6-10 range, are examined. Results with 33 water-soluble cationic substrates are reported. We also explored the possibility that the addition of paramagnetic lanthanide ions such as praseodymium(III) and ytterbium(III) further enhances the enantiomeric differentiation in the NMR spectra. The chiral differentiation with the phosphated cyclodextrins is compared to prior results obtained with anionic carboxymethylated cyclodextrins. There are a number of examples where a larger differentiation is observed with the phosphated cyclodextrins.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a disubstituted nickel(II) bis­[(di­methyl­amino­phenyl­imino)­eth­yl]pyridine chloride complex

The solvated title compound, bis­[2,6-bis­(1-{[4-(di­methyl­amino)­phen­yl]imino-κN}eth­yl)pyridine-κN]nickel(II) dichloride–di­chloro­methane–water (1/2/2), [Ni(C25H29N5)2]Cl2·2CH2Cl2·2H2O, represents a nickel(II) bis­(pyridine di­imine) complex with electron-donating di­methyl­amino­phenyl substituents. The complex crystallizes as a water/di­chloro­methane solvate with Z′ = 2, thus the asymmetric unit consists of two NiII complex cations, four chloride anions, four adventitious water and four di­chloro­methane solvent mol­ecules. Around each octa­hedrally coordinated NiII cation, one pendant phenyl group on each of the two ligands has an intra­molecular π–π inter­action with the pyridine ring of the other chelating ligand. In the crystal, pairs of water mol­ecules are hydrogen bonded to pairs of chlorine atoms. The di­chloro­methane solvent mol­ecules are likewise hydrogen bonded to the chloride anions.
Individualized Adaptive Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Liver Tumors in Patients at High Risk for Liver Damage: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.

Importance Patients with preexisting liver dysfunction could benefit the most from personalized therapy for liver tumors to balance maximal tumor control and minimal risk of liver failure. We designed an individualized adaptive trial testing the hypothesis that adapting treatment based on change in liver function could optimize the therapeutic index for each patient. Objective To characterize the safety and efficacy of individualized adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SRBT) for liver tumors in patients who have preexisting liver dysfunction. Design, Setting, and Participants From 2010 to 2014, 90 patients with intrahepatic cancer treated with prior liver-directed therapy were enrolled in this large phase 2, single-arm, clinical trial at an academic medical center. All patients had at least 1 year of potential follow-up. Interventions Using indocyanine green retention at 15 minutes (ICGR15) as a direct biomarker of liver function and a Bayesian adaptive model, planned SBRT was individually modified midway through the course of therapy to maintain liver function after the complete course. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was local control; the secondary outcome was safety and overall survival. Results Patients were 34 to 85 years of age, and 70% (63) were male. Ninety patients (69 [77%] with hepatocellular carcinoma, 4 [4%] with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 17 [19%] with metastatic) received treatment to 116 tumors. Sixty-two patients (69%) had cirrhosis, 21 (23%) were Child-Pugh (CP) grade B. The median tumor size was 3 cm; 16 patients (18%) had portal vein involvement. Sixty-two (69%) received all 5 fractions (47 full dose, 15 dose-reduced owing to rising ICGR15). Treatment was well tolerated, with a lower than expected complication rate without adaptation: 6 (7%) experienced a 2-point decline in CP 6 months post-SBRT. The 1- and 2-year local control rates were 99% (95% CI, 97%-100%) and 95% (95% CI, 91%-99%), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance We demonstrated that the treatment strategy of individualized adaptive therapy based on a direct biomarker of liver function can be used to achieve both high rates of local control and a high degree of safety without sacrificing either. Individualized adaptive radiotherapy may represent a new treatment paradigm in which dose is based on individual, rather than population-based, tolerance to treatment. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01522937
Climate change effects on the processing tomato growing season in California using growing degree day model

California has a unique Mediterranean climate, well suited for irrigated agriculture. The climate is an important factor in making California a global leader in production of many high value crops, including procesing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), with production of approximately 95% nation’s and 30% of world’s processing tomatoes. However, climate change poses many immediate and long-term challenges for state’s highly productive agricultural industry. In order to help growers manage risks, it is important to study locally relevant agronomic indicators that are viable and aligned with growers’ interests. Growing degree day models translate raw climate data into meaningful agricultural indicators which growers can utilize for immediate and long-term strategic decisions. Objective of this study was to analyze growing season trend in top five processing tomato-producing counties in California through the use of growing degree-days model and historical and future climate scenarios generated from the general circulation model (GCM). Based on the findings, the models indicated a significant decrease in the number of days between transplanting and maturity, with an expected harvest 2–3 weeks earlier than normal under current conditions and cultivars. Results from this study could be utilized to make strategic decisions such as variety selection, planting and harvest dates, agricultural water management, and studying trends in pests and diseases due to shifts and lengthening of tomato growing season in the tomato production areas of California.
The drip-and-ship approach : Starting IV t-PA for acute ischemic stroke at outside hospitals prior to transfer to a regional stroke center

Purpose Acute stroke therapy with intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is vastly underutilized. Increasingly, patients are being started on IV t-PA and being transferred to regional Stroke Center programs, where additional therapies can be offered in a multimodal format. We describe our experience at the Stroke Center at Hartford Hospital with interhospital patient transfers who received IV t-PA prior to transfer to our medical center. Methods A retrospective analysis of our Acute Stroke Therapies database was undertaken, encompassing the intial four-year period of our Stroke Center program (May 1, 2001 to April 30, 2005). We evaluated the patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and adjunctive therapies of patients who were started on IV t-PA at referring hospitals prior to their emergent transfer to our Stroke Center. Results From a total of 229 patients who received IV and/or IA thrombolysis and newer catheter-delivered devices or clinical trials at our Stroke Center, a total of 33 (14.4%) were started on IV t-PA at an outside hospital prior to transfer. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in one of the 33 patients (3.0%), and in-hospital mortality rate for these patients was 6.1%. A total of 26 patients (78.8%) had a positive outcome in that they were discharged either to home or to acute rehabilitation. Conclusions Use of IV t-PA in a "drip-and-ship" approach is growing at the regional Stroke Center at Hartford Hospital. This protocol is safe and offers several advances for the care of patients with AIS: (a) empowering emergency physicians and neurologists at outside hospitals, via access to a 24/7 Acute Stroke Hotline, to treat patients with AIS; (b) facilitating the early initiation of IV t-PA; and (c) offering adjunctive therapeutic approaches, following arrival at our facility, for patients not sufficiently improving with IV t-PA alone.
The Herpes Simplex Type 1 Virus Latency Gene

The ability of herpesviruses to establish, maintain, and reactivate from latent infections is a hallmark of the group. Latent phase gene expression is under different control than is herpesvirus lytic phase infection. Recent experimental analysis of herpes simplex virus latency indicates that the latent phase is characterized by the expression of a single transcript unit (the latency-associated transcription unit, LAT). Transcripts expressed from this LAT are complexly processed to yield a stable intron and a number of, as yet, not fully characterized polyadenylated forms. One or more of these processed transcripts play an important role in the reactivation process, but the biological mechanism underlying this role is not understood.
Contributon Slowing-Down Theory

Contributons are the special particles distributed among a general population that generate the response observed on a specified detector. Contributon slowing-down theory describes the transfer of ...
The Normal Endometrium

The histologic features of what constitutes “normal” endometrium change with a woman’s age, through the premenarchal, reproductive, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal years. Throughout the reproductive years, the cyclical hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle provide a continuously changing morphologic spectrum from proliferative to secretory to menstrual phenotypes which is considered “normal.” Once menopause is reached, the presence of only rare strips of atrophic epithelium in biopsy/curettage sampling becomes the new “normal.” The same “normal” in a postmenopausal woman would be deemed “abnormal” in a premenopausal woman or, alternatively, would raise the possibility of exogenous hormonal effect. Likewise, finding only cervical or lower uterine segment tissue in a woman known to have an ultrasonographic lesion such as thickened endometrium supports under sampling. These examples emphasize the importance of clinical information including patient’s age and hormonal status. In biopsy specimens, the combination of these cyclical changes along with potential processing artifacts, limited sampling, or the presence of mimics can make normal patterns difficult to interpret. Deviations from normal, either in histologic pattern or in temporal relationship to ovulation, often indicate underlying abnormalities that may contribute to female infertility and abnormal uterine bleeding.
Answer to January 2016 Photo Quiz

Answer: Actinomyces radicidentis bacteremia. The Gram stain of the isolate from the subculture of the positive blood culture on Trypticase soy agar plates supplemented with 5% sheep blood (5% SBA) at 48 h of incubation at 35°C in CO2 showed organisms consistent with Gram-positive cocci in clusters
Calculation and Site Tests on Artificial Grounding Experiments of UHVDC Transmission Lines

The artificial short circuit test of transmission lines is one of the important steps for debugging of HVDC transmission projects. It plays an important role in assessing the ability of handle faults of DC systems, verifying the sequence of line fault recovery process, and checking fault location ability of the lines. This paper describes the basic method of short circuit test of the ±800kV UHVDC transmission line in China Southern Power Grid (CSG), and studies the selection of the copper wire for artificial grounding experiment of transmission lines, simulates the short-circuit currents under various operating conditions. The influence and distribution of the step voltage on the surface of the testing area is studied and the safety distance for testers is proposed. The study found that the calculated ground current and the actual measured value are not very different, and the calculation results can be used to guide the design of artificial short-circuit test. According to the simulated short-circuit current, the cross-sectional area of the copper wire is recommended to be 1.0mm2. The site tester’s personnel safety distance of at least 30m away from current injection location is suggested. And insulated boots and gloves are always recommended to put on. The research method in this paper can be used for the preparation and development of artificial grounding tests for UHVDC transmission projects.
Abstract 509: Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain a Modulates TLR4-Dependent Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointimal Hyperplasia in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Background: Fibronectin-splice variant containing extra domain A (Fn-EDA), an endogenous ligand of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), is a characteristic feature of proliferating vascular smooth muscle c...
Compartmentalization: An Open Technique for Frontal Sinus Repair and Preservation-Description of Technique and Early Case Series.

Background Cranialization or obliteration is widely accepted intervention for traumatic or intentional breach of the frontal sinus. These techniques, however, result in the loss of frontal sinus function and have a persistent risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and mucocele. Compartmentalization is an open technique for repair of the frontal sinus using allograft onlay and a vascularized periosteal flap that allows for preservation of frontal sinus function. Objective The main objective of this article is to describe the technique for compartmentalization of the frontal sinus and demonstrate its efficacy and complication rate with an early patient series. Methods Our technique includes the following key components: harvesting of a pedicled periosteal flap, frontal sinus repair through a bifrontal craniotomy with minimal mucosa removal, ensuring the patency of the nasal frontal outflow tract, and separation of the brain from the frontal sinus with a dual layer of periosteum and allograft. All cases of frontal sinus repair using the compartmentalization technique at our institution were reviewed. Charts were reviewed for CSF leak, mucocele, and other complications. Results Twenty-three patients underwent the described frontal sinus repair technique 17 for tumor and 6 for trauma. There were no CSF leaks and no mucoceles. One patient experienced postoperative anemia and a “parameningeal reaction” that were managed with a short course of antibiotics. Conclusions Compartmentalization, due to its sinus preservation and low complication rate, represents a meaningful step forward in neurosurgical technique for open frontal sinus repair. However, long-term outcomes are necessary to fully evaluate risk of mucocele.
The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?

Rapid adaptive radiation poses two distinct questions apart from speciation and adaptation: What happens after one speciation event and how do some lineages continue speciating through a rapid burs...
Individual-Level and Couple-Level Discordant Chronic Conditions: Longitudinal Links to Functional Disability

Background Multiple chronic conditions may erode physical functioning, particularly in the context of complex self-management demands and depressive symptoms. Yet, little is known about how discordant conditions (i.e., those with management requirements that are not directly related and increase care complexity) among couples are linked to functional disability. Purpose We evaluated own and partner individual-level discordant conditions (i.e., discordant conditions within individuals) and couple-level discordant conditions (i.e., discordant conditions between spouses), and their links to levels of and change in functional disability. Methods The U.S. sample included 3,991 couples drawn from nine waves (1998-2014) of the Health and Retirement Study. Dyadic growth curve models determined how individual-level and couple-level discordant conditions were linked to functional disability over time, and whether depressive symptoms moderated these links. Models controlled for age, minority status, education, each partner's baseline depressive symptoms, and each partner's number of chronic conditions across waves. Results Wives and husbands had higher initial disability when they had their own discordant conditions and when there were couple-level discordant conditions. Husbands also reported higher initial disability when wives had discordant conditions. Wives had a slower rate of increase in disability when there were couple-level discordant conditions. Depressive symptoms moderated links between disability and discordant conditions at the individual and couple levels. Conclusions Discordant chronic conditions within couples have enduring links to disability that partly vary by gender and depressive symptoms. These findings generate valuable information for interventions to maintain the well-being of couples managing complex health challenges.
Agentless presuppositions and the semantics of verbal roots

Bale (2007) proposes that agentive intransitives differ semantically from agentive transitives, in that while the agent of a transitive is introduced by a functional projection and composes with its verb via Event Identification (Kratzer 1996), intransitives lexically encode their agent arguments and compose with them via Function Application. This is based on the availability of agentless repetitive presuppositions with again, with transitives permitting a repetitive presupposition excluding the agent while intransitives do not. In this paper, we challenge Bale’s claim and show that typically intransitive verbs like dance and bark, which do not usually allow agentless presuppositions, permit agentless presuppositions when they appear with an optional internal argument. To account for this, we propose that verbal roots possess an underspecified thematic role argument, along with individual and event arguments. Combined with a conservative syntax for introducing agents via VoiceP (Kratzer 1996), the analysis captures the dependence of agentless presuppositions on the presence of an internal argument without recourse to any distinction between transitive and intransitive eventive verb roots. The analysis contributes a new theory of roots lying between two theoretical poles, one that argues that roots take internal arguments (e.g., Harley 2014) and one that severs internal arguments syntactically and semantically from the verb (e.g., Schein 1993; Borer 2003, 2005).
Three Takes on De-Colonizing the State Apparatus in Bolivia

This response summarizes and compares three scholars’ approaches (Marcelo Bohrt, Robert Albro and Pamela Calla) to the Morales administration’s efforts to decolonize the government of Bolivia. Seeking the common ground among them, I find that all three recognize the importance of symbolic and discursive changes, which have allowed some previously-excluded individuals to access positions of authority within the state apparatus. On the other hand, these changes have been uneven, exposing rifts between indigenous communities, exacerbating existing inequities, and establishing new or renewed hierarchies of subordination.
Effect of wet corn gluten feed, supplemental protein, and tallow on steer finishing performance.

Two trials evaluated the effects of level of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF), type of supplemental protein, and supplemental tallow on steer finishing performance. In Trial 1, WCGF was fed at 0, 25 (two diets), or 50% of the dietary DM replacing dry-rolled corn (DRC), molasses, and a portion of the supplement. The DRC control diet and one 25% WCGF diet were supplemented with a combination of protein sources. The second 25% WCGF diet was supplemented with urea alone. The 50% WCGF diet contained no additional protein supplementation. No differences in DMI ( P > .10) were observed. Calves fed 25% WCGF plus a combina- tion of protein sources or 50% WCGF gained faster ( P < .10) and more efficiently ( P < .10) than calves fed the DRC control. Calves fed 25% WCGF plus urea gained faster ( P < .10) and tended ( P = .14) to be more efficient than calves fed the DRC control. In Trial 2, WCGF was fed to replace 0 or 50% of the DRC and the molasses-urea supplement (DM basis). Both diets were fed with or without 3% tallow. Steers fed WCGF gained faster ( P < .01) and more efficiently ( P < .01) than steers fed DRC. Inclusion of 3% tallow increased gain ( P < .05) and improved efficiency ( P < .05). Feed efficiency is improved by the addition of WCGF or tallow to DRC finishing diets.
Honor Among Thieves: Understanding Rhetorical and Material Cooperation Among Militant Groups

Cooperation among militant organizations contributes to capability but also presents security risks. This is particularly the case when organizations face substantial repression from the state. As a consequence, for cooperation to emerge and persist when it is most valuable, militant groups must have means of committing to cooperation even when the incentives to defect are high. We posit that shared ideology plays this role by providing community monitoring, authority structures, trust, and transnational networks. We test this theory using new, expansive, time-series data on relationships between militant organizations from 1950-2016, which we introduce here. The results show that when groups share an ideology, and especially religion, they are more likely to initiate material alliances. Moreover, in the face of repression from the state, shared ideology is associated with sustained cooperation. These findings contextualize and expand upon important existing research demonstrating that connections between violent, nonstate actors strongly shape their tactical and strategic behavior.
Communication Energy and Protocol Considerations in IoT Deployments

In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the impact of protocol features at the transport and application layers on the energy consumed in IoT devices. Our transport layer experiments with TCP and UDP over WiFi indicate that at distances less than 15m between the IoT device and gateway, the difference in energy used by the different transport protocols is not too significant, as long as the number of messages exchanged does not grow significantly. However, adding application layer features through additional message exchanges comes with a significant energy cost. For example, adding DTLS to CoAP is 4x more expensive than using AES with CoAP. In addition, if services at one layer impose a burden on other layers, it may result in significant increase in energy use. We conclude that in an IoT environment, it may be preferable to increase packet sizes rather than number of messages when feasible. Additionally, careful consideration should be given to adding features at a layer if it results in increased energy consumption at another layer.
Bandwidth Allocation in Silicon-Photonic Networks Using Application Instrumentation

Photonic network-on-chips, despite their low-latency and high-bandwidth-density advantages in large manycore systems, suffer from high power overhead. This overhead is further exacerbated by the high bandwidth demands of data-centric applications. Prior works utilize bandwidth allocation policies at system-level to minimize photonic power and provide required bandwidth for applications. We present an approach to minimize the bandwidth requirements by instrumenting an application at the software level. This instrumented information is used to assist bandwidth allocation at system-level, thereby reducing the photonic power. We instrument PageRank application and demonstrate 35% lower power using instrumentation-assisted bandwidth allocation on PageRank running real-world graphs compared to bandwidth allocation on uninstrumented PageRank.
Intensity correlation speckles as a technique for removing Doppler broadening

A method involving intensity correlation measurements is described, which allows for the complete removal of Doppler broadening in the emission of electromagnetic radiation from faraway sources that are inaccessible to conventional Doppler-free measurements. The technique, relying on a correction to ${g}^{(2)}$ of order ${N}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, probes the separation between neighboring spectral lines and is also applicable to the elimination of broadening due to collisions ($N$ is the number of emitting particles and ${g}^{(2)}$ is the second-order field correlation function). Possible applications include a determination of cosmological parameters from redshifts of gravitationally lensed quasars.
Polysilsesquioxanes through base-catalyzed redistribution of oligohydridosiloxanes

Organopolysilsesquioxanes have recently gained much interest as materials for low-K dielectrics, ceramic precursors and photoresists. Typical sol-gel synthesis of polysilsesquioxanes involves the hydrolysis of organotricholorosilanes and/or organotrialkoxysilanes in the presence of acid or base catalysts and organic solvents. However, under sol-gel conditions most organotrialkoxysilanes do not afford silsesquioxane gels. This limits the range of organic functionalities that can be introduced into these hybrid organic-inorganic materials. An alternative route to polysilsesquioxanes is through oligohydridosiloxanes. Catalytic disproportionation, by titanium complexes, of linear or cyclic oligomers of methylhydridosiloxanes can lead to polymethylsilsesquioxanes. The authors have shown that disproportionation of oligomethylhydridosiloxanes can also be catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to yield polymethylsilsesquioxanes (scheme 1). This replaces the step-growth sol-gel polymerization process of organotrialkoxysilanes, which requires solvent, stoichiometric water and produces alcohol and water condensation by-products. Tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, as catalysts, are also attractive because they readily decompose by heating above 150 C; thus, they can be easily removed from the final materials. In this paper the authors report on both the catalytic and stoichiometric redistribution of organohydridosiloxanes to produce polysilsesquioxane foams and gels of the formula (RSiO{sub 1.5}){sub n} which otherwise cannot be obtained through traditional sol-gel means.
When Bad News is Good

Six studies investigate when and why bad news is good. When facing a difficult decision (e.g., whether or not to have surgery), people may paradoxically feel better with — and even prefer — objectively worse news (e.g., “you have a severe injury”) versus objectively better news (e.g., “you have a moderate injury,” Studies 1, 2, 3A, 3B). This is because bad news often has the unique effect of guiding people’s actions (e.g., “you must have surgery”) — even when such actions are themselves undesirable and non-preferred (Pretest 1); as such, bad news can enable people to preemptively avoid difficult decisions and thus reduce decisional conflict (Study 4). Significantly, the benefit of bad news may introduce perverse incentives for decision-makers, which are both unanticipated by observers (Pretests 2-4) and which have a range of implications for downstream preferences and behaviors (Study 5).
Educação inclusiva: diferentes configurações, olhares e mundos possíveis

Nos ultimos anos surgiram muitos debates sobre o assunto da inclusao em sala de aula e as dificuldades geradas pela falta de reconhecimento da contribuicao pedagogica a formacao da pessoa com deficiencia associadas a insegurancas, referencias de projetos interdisciplinares robustos para contextualizar as desigualdades. Entretanto, no cenario educativo, o que se ve e uma intensa precariedade do ensino publico e a omissao dos diversos setores da sociedade que nao pensam estrategias articuladoras e integradoras para superar essas problematicas vitais. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma analise sobre os entraves a atividade do professor em relacao a inclusao de criancas com necessidades especiais em sala de aula, a partir de uma revisao de literatura e de um questionario de perguntas abertas, por meio de recursos Google Forms, respondido por cinco professoras que atuam no campo da Educacao Inclusiva dos anos iniciais de Educacao Basica. Os resultados apontam dificuldades dos educadores nos processos inclusivos a criacao de atividades pedagogicas, por inexperiencia com o campo na formacao academica e ausencia de recursos disponiveis nas escolas para dar conta da proposta de inclusao de todos, cujo valor motivacional para o aprender dos estudantes centra-se nas proposicoes criativas e investigativas do professor. Ficam evidentes grandes entraves formativos, pois as cinco professoras em atuacao, que responderam ao questionario, nao possuem formacao especifica para atuar com criancas deficientes.
Regional strain pattern and correlation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in fabry disease

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among Fabry disease patients, who carry significantly increased risk for heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Echocardiographic strain imaging and cardiac MRI are important clinical tools for early detection of cardiomyopathy before onset of systolic or diastolic dysfunction. However, studies on these imaging modalities are limited among Fabry patients. Aim and Objective: To evaluate echocardiographic strain pattern and correlation with cardiac MRI in Fabry disease. Materials and Methods: We performed a detailed analysis of global longitudinal strain and correlation with cardiac MRI finding in 9 patients diagnosed with Fabry disease. Results: Despite normal left ventricular ejection fraction, basal and mid inferior segments are more likely to demonstrate strain abnormalities compared to other regions. Additionally, increased interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness are correlated with greater strain abnormalities. Finally, MRI evidence of fibrosis and infiltration are detected among most patients with strain abnormalities, but in some cases, strain imaging were able to detect early evidence of cardiomyopathy even before MRI was fully able to detect the change. Basal and mid inferoseptal segment strain abnormalities are early signs of developing cardiomyopathy among patients with Fabry disease. Conclusion: Though cardiac MRIs are critical tools for detection of myocardial infiltration and scarring, these findings may not always be detectable in early phases of the disease. Multiple imaging modalities maybe considered in monitoring and evaluation of cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease.
Topological crystalline Bose insulator in two dimensions via entanglement spectrum

Strongly correlated analogs of topological insulators have been explored in systems with purely on-site symmetries, such as time-reversal or charge conservation. Here, we use recently developed tensor network tools to study a quantum state of interacting bosons which is featureless in the bulk, but distinguished from an atomic insulator in that it exhibits entanglement which is protected by its spatial symmetries. These properties are encoded in a model many-body wave function that describes a fully symmetric insulator of bosons on the honeycomb lattice at half filling per site. While the resulting integer unit cell filling allows the state to bypass ``no-go'' theorems that trigger fractionalization at fractional filling, it nevertheless has nontrivial entanglement, protected by symmetry. We demonstrate this by computing the boundary entanglement spectra, finding a gapless entanglement edge described by a conformal field theory as well as degeneracies protected by the nontrivial action of combined charge conservation and spatial symmetries on the edge. Here, the tight-binding representation of the space group symmetries plays a particular role in allowing certain entanglement cuts that are not allowed on other lattices of the same symmetry, suggesting that the lattice representation can serve as an additional symmetry ingredient in protecting an interacting topological phase. Our results extend to a related insulating state of electrons, with short-ranged entanglement and no band insulator analog.
Microfinancing Terrorism: A Study in Al Qaeda Financing Strategy

This article explains why individuals support the work of charities that support jihadist operations, even when they may not agree with these organizations' agenda. Employing a behavioral model, we argue that individual Muslims donate monies to Islamist charities that support jihadist causes as a response to social pressures, in an attempt to avoid social seclusion. We divide this chapter into two parts. The first explains why al Qaeda and other jihadist groups use charities to raise most of their funds. Part two introduces our behavioral model. It explains that when publicly facing a charity's demands for funds a Muslim has three options. The first is exit or the person's decision to cut himself from the community in order to avoid the charity's fundraising efforts. The second option is sincere voice or an individual's public expression of dissatisfaction with the charity's demands or its agenda. The final option is self-subversion, which takes place when a person donates funds to a charity in order to comply with social pressures. After explaining why self-subversion tends to be the dominant response, we conclude this investigation with the model's policy implications in the ongoing global struggle against terrorism.
Air Writing as a Technique for the Acquisition of Sino-Japanese Characters by Second Language Learners

This article calls attention to a facet of the expertise of second language (L2) learners of Japanese at the intersection of language, memory, gesture, and the psycholinguistics of a logographic writing system. Previous research has shown that adult L2 learners of Japanese living in Japan (similarly to native speakers of Japanese) often spontaneously produce highly articulated movements of the fingertips or hands when learning or recalling Sino-Japanese orthographic characters (kanji). These movements, known in Japanese as kūsho (air writing), trace out abstract representations of kanji, or parts of kanji, presumably as a kinesthetic aid to learning and recall. The current study tests that presumption with respect to learning, by comparing the accuracy with which adult L2 learners of Japanese (N = 75) memorize the shapes of complex, novel kanji under three different learning conditions. Results show that kūsho is associated with a small but statistically significant advantage in accuracy of recall, compared to either passive visual inspection or the conventional technique of memorizing the shapes of kanji by iterative paper-and-pen copying.
An analysis of nerve growth factor-dependent differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the PC12 cell model system

xiii CHAPTER ONE 1 CHAPTER TWO 11 CHAPTER THREE 67 CHAPTER FOUR 107 CHAPTER FIVE 157 REFERENCES 163
Review: Lepore, Jill. The Secret History of Wonder Woman (New York: Knopf, 2014)

A review of Jill Lepore's The Secret History of Wonder Woman . New York: Knopf, 2014. 408 pp. $29.95.
Isolation of a Ribonucleoprotein Structure from Oncornaviruses

Detergent treatment releases from both avian and mammalian oncornaviruses a structure containing the viral RNA and a major arginine-rich protein, as well as reverse transcriptase activity.
Magnetic resonance volumetric assessments of brains in fetuses with ventriculomegaly correlated to outcomes.

Objective To correlate MR 2D measurements of lateral ventricular width and 3D measures of lateral ventricular and supratentorial parenchymal volumes to postnatal outcomes in fetuses with ventriculomegaly (VM).