cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An App-Based Intervention to Support First Responders and Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Needs Assessment and Mixed Methods Implementation Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for first responders (eg, police, fire, and emergency medical services) and nonmedical essential workers (eg, workers in food, transportation, and other industries). Health systems may be uniquely suited to support these workers given their medical expertise, and mobile apps can reach local communities despite social distancing requirements. Formal evaluation of real-world mobile app–based interventions is lacking. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the adoption, acceptability, and appropriateness of an academic medical center–sponsored app-based intervention (COVID-19 Guide App) designed to support access of first responders and essential workers to COVID-19 information and testing services. We also sought to better understand the COVID-19–related needs of these workers early in the pandemic. Methods: To understand overall community adoption, views and download data of the COVID-19 Guide App were described. To understand the adoption, appropriateness, and acceptability of the app and the unmet needs of workers, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone, by video, and in person with first responders and essential workers in the San Francisco Bay Area who were recruited through purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling. Interview transcripts and field notes were qualitatively analyzed and presented using an implementation outcomes framework. Results: From its launch in April 2020 to September 2020, the app received 8262 views from unique devices and 6640 downloads (80.4% conversion rate, 0.61% adoption rate across the Bay Area). App acceptability was mixed among the 17 first responders interviewed and high among the 10 essential workers interviewed. Select themes included the need for personalized and accurate information, access to testing, and securing personal safety. First responders faced additional challenges related to interprofessional coordination and a “culture of heroism” that could both protect against and exacerbate health vulnerability. Conclusions: First responders and essential workers both reported challenges related to obtaining accurate information, testing services, and other resources. A mobile app intervention has the potential to combat these challenges through the provision of disease-specific information and access to testing services but may be most effective if delivered as part of a larger ecosystem of support. Differentiated interventions that acknowledge and address the divergent needs between first responders and non–first responder essential workers may optimize acceptance and adoption.
Lichen Field Guide for Oklahoma and Surrounding States

Shelia A. Strawn. 2021. Lichen Field Guide for Oklahoma and Surrounding States. Sida, Botanical Miscellany 57. (ISSN: 0883-1475; ISBN-13: 978-1-889878-62-1, flex-binding). Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, Texas 76107-3400, U.S.A. (Orders: shop.brit.org, orders@brit.org, 1-817-332-4441). $30.00 US, 144 pp., color photos throughout, 6.5" × 9.5".
Osteochondral lesions of the talar head – A case report, review of the literature, and novel surgical technique utilizing nano-arthroscopy and biologics

Abstract A 15 year-old competitive football player was found to have an osteochondral defect of the talar head without an inciting injury. Osteochondral lesions of the talar head are extremely rare with only ten other reported cases in the literature. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 This patient failed conservative management and was indicated for a surgical intervention. He underwent nano-arthroscopy of the talonavicular joint with debridement of the lesion, retrograde percutaneous drilling and curettage of the defect, application of demineralized bone graft with concentrated bone marrow aspirate to the bony defect, and injection of concentrated bone marrow aspirate in the joint for any chondral damage. This was the first reported case to describe nano-arthroscopy in the talonavicular joint and to utilize the combination of demineralized bone graft with concentrated bone marrow aspirate in the treatment of osteochondral defects.
Audio signal processing with transversal filters

A brief introduction to transversal filters is given. Practical aspects of time-domain deconvolution are discussed. Experimental results are included which illustrate transversal-filter phase equalization of bandlimiting filters, analog magnetic recorders, and electroacoustic transducers. A few prospwzective applications are mentioned.
A novel approach to informing the public about the risks of overdose and nonmedical use of prescription medications

BACKGROUND: Poison centers answer telephone calls from persons requesting identification of tablets. Many of these calls are from people for whom the tablets were not prescribed and potentially represent nonmedical use. Implementation of a telephone-based program of overdose prevention and screening for nonmedical use of prescription medications is examined. METHODS: Social workers with experience in substance abuse disorders were hired by a poison center to answer telephone calls from persons asking for tablet identification. The social workers asked questions regarding demographics, provided the ingredients, provided overdose prevention/safety information, and offered referral to treatment to callers who desired it. RESULTS: A total of 17,616 tablet identification calls from the public were answered by the social workers during the 20-month study period. Most callers were Caucasian with median age 33 years (range 18-93 years). Overdose prevention/safety information, aimed mostly at reducing polydrug use, was delivered to 6,635 (37.7%) callers. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment resource information was provided to 3,775 (21.4%) callers. A telephone-based service made up of social workers interacted with several thousand individuals potentially at risk for adverse outcomes from nonmedical use of prescription medications and delivered overdose/safety information. Although further study is needed, this type of service can complement existing state/community efforts aimed at education regarding the nonmedical use of prescription medications. (Am J Addict 2013;22:108-112). Language: en
The apbE Gene Encodes a Lipoprotein Involved in Thiamine Synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium

Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor that is synthesized de novo in Salmonella typhimurium. The biochemical steps and gene products involved in the conversion of aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR), a purine intermediate, to the 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl pyrimidine (HMP) moiety of thiamine have yet to be elucidated. We have isolated mutations in a new locus (Escherichia coli open reading frame designation yojK) at 49 min on the S. typhimurium chromosome. Two significant phenotypes associated with lesions in this locus (apbE) were identified. First, apbE purF double mutants require thiamine, specifically the HMP moiety. Second, in the presence of adenine, apbE single mutants require thiamine, specifically both the HMP and the thiazole moieties. Together, the phenotypes associated with apbE mutants suggest that flux through the purine pathway has a role in regulating synthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine and are consistent with ApbE being involved in the conversion of AIR to HMP. The product of the apbE gene was found to be a 36-kDa membrane-associated lipoprotein, making it the second membrane protein implicated in thiamine synthesis.
Total synthesis of human relaxin and human relaxin derivatives by solid-phase peptide synthesis and site-directed chain combination.

Human relaxin, a two-chain protein hormone, was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis in combination with a novel thiol-protecting group strategy whereby the three disulfide bonds could be synthesized sequentially and without error. The final product was shown to be homogeneous by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and electrophoresis and had the correct amino acid composition and sequence. Tryptic digestion and peptide mapping of the synthetic relaxin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography resulted in a pattern identical with that produced by standard tryptic relaxin fragments synthetized by different methods. Three human relaxin derivatives containing oxidized methionine, formyltryptophan, and bis[B13,B17-citrulline]-relaxin, were produced and their biological activity and structural similarity to human relaxin was assessed. All derivatives, except those containing modified tryptophan residues, showed indistinguishable circular dichroic spectra, indicating that the modifications did not cause significant structural changes. However, only human relaxin and the tryptophan- and methionine-protected relaxin derivatives showed bioactivity. The derivative in which the two arginines in positions B13 and B17 had been replaced by the uncharged isosteric amino acid citrulline were biologically inactive. This observation confirms preliminary studies (Bullesbach, E. E. and Schwabe, C. (1988) Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 32, 361-367) that suggested that these two conserved arginines located in the midregion of the relaxin B chain are essential for the function of the hormone.
Morphologies of planetary nebulae with close-binary nuclei.

We will present photographic and CCD images of planetary nebulae that are known, on the basis of photometric observations of the central stars, to possess close-binary nuclei. All of the orbital periods range from 2.7 to 16 hours, except for the 16-day binary nucleus of NGC 2346.
Beech bark disease: spatial patterns of thicket formation and disease spread in an aftermath forest in the northeastern United States

Beech bark disease (BBD) has affected the composition, structure, and function of forests containing a significant proportion of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) across North America. BBD spread has been investigated at landscape and regional scales, but few studies have examined spatial patterns of disease severity and spread within stands where forest management mitigation measures can be implemented. We analyzed changes in forest composition between 1985 and 2009 and fine-scale spatial patterns of BBD between 2000 and 2009 in a ∼2 ha northern hardwood stand in the Adirondack Mountains of New York using location and disease severity of beech trees. A bivariate point pattern analysis was implemented to examine spatial patterns of beech thicket formation and BBD spread to beech saplings. Abundance of beech saplings increased near highly diseased canopy beech trees and around dead beech and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Disease severity of beech saplings was highest in close proximity to hig...
One-dimensional finite-medium diffusion model for extended solid solution in laser cladding of Hf on nickel

Abstract Inherent rapid solidification involved in laser cladding with pneumatic powder delivery leads to the formation of metastable alloys with extended solid solution. This has been experimentally observed for various binary, ternary and quaternary alloy systems. Composition of the alloys produced by laser cladding process often exceeds the solid solubility limit far beyond that expected from the equilibrium phase diagram. This paper presents a mathematical model for determining the composition of metastable alloys and the effects of various process parameters on the composition of extended solid solution for Ni-Hf binary alloy system. The cooling process of the molten cladding pool has been modeled by considering conduction of heat through the pool and the substrate. Both the pool and the substrate were taken to be one-dimensional and finite. Also the freezing point at the solid-liquid interface has been allowed to vary with concentration of the solute. The distribution of solute atoms in the cladding pool has been obtained using diffusion theory with nonequilibrium partitioning of solute at the solid-liquid interface. The governing partial differential equations for the temperature and the concentration fields have been reduced to a set of first-order ordinary nonlinear differential equations using finite medium integral transforms and then solved by using Runge-Kutta method.
Concomitant stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus and radiofrequency valvotomy in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and intermediate right ventricle: early in-hospital and medium-term outcomes.

Objectives Our objective was to determine the feasibility and early to medium-term outcome of stenting the patent ductus arteriosus at the time of radiofrequency valvotomy in the subgroup of patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and intermediate right ventricle. Background Stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus and radiofrequency valvotomy have been proposed as the initial intervention for patients with intermediate right ventricle inasmuch as the sustainability for biventricular circulation or 1½-ventricle repair is unclear in the early period. Methods Between January 2001 and April 2009, of 143 patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, 37 who had bipartite right ventricle underwent radiofrequency valvotomy and stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus as the initial procedure. The mean tricuspid valve z-score was −3.8 ± 2.2 and the mean tricuspid valve/mitral valve ratio was 0.62 ± 0.16. Results Median age was 10 days (3–65 days) and median weight 3.1 kg (2.4–4.9 kg). There was no procedural mortality. Acute stent thrombosis developed in 1 patient and necessitated emergency systemic–pulmonary shunt. There were 2 early in-hospital deaths owing to low cardiac output syndrome. One late death occurred owing to right ventricular failure after the operation. Survival after the initial procedure was 94% at 6 months and 91% at 5 years. At a median follow-up of 4 years (6 months to 8 years), 17 (48%) attained biventricular circulation with or without other interventions and 9 (26%) achieved 1½-ventricle repair. The freedom from reintervention was 80%, 68%, 58%, and 40% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively. Conclusions Concomitant stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus at the time of radiofrequency valvotomy in patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and intermediate right ventricle is feasible and safe with encouraging medium-term outcome.
Spectra of solar flares from 8.5 A to 16 A

X-ray spectra of solar flares in the spectral range from 8.5 A to ∼ 16 A have been obtained from a Naval Research Laboratory crystal spectrometer flown on the sixth Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO-6). A list of emission features is presented and tentative identifications of some of the features are suggested. The time-behavior of the emission lines during flares is discussed, and the possibility of determining electron densities in flare plasmas using density sensitive lines of highly ionized iron is considered. Approximate calculations are performed for a density sensitive line of Fexxii.
Autocrine IL-6 Signaling: A Key Event in Tumorigenesis?

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process that requires constitutive cell division, growth, and survival. One strategy used by cancer cells to upregulate growth and survival pathways is through autocrine production of growth and survival factors. Two recent papers by Gao et al. and Sansone et al. published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation outline the importance of autocrine interleukin 6 (IL-6) in lung and breast cancers and implicate IL-6 as an important activator of oncogenic STAT3 in lung adenocarcinomas and of Jagged-1/Notch signaling in breast tumor mammospheres.
Effects of pre- and post-harvest anti-transpirant applications on vase life of leatherleaf fern

Abstract Post-harvest water use of leatherleaf fern ( Rumohra adiantiformis [G. Forst] Ching) was not affected when Cloud Cover, Vapor Gard or Wilt Pruf 1 were applied 3–28 days prior to harvest. However, post-harvest anti-transpirant dips reduced water use during the first 24 h. The shortest vase life occurred in fronds dipped in water. The incidence of frond curl was not influenced by anti-transpirant applications.
An Empirical Test of a Model of Resistance to Persuasion.

This investigation synthesized research from several related areas to produce a model of resistance to persuasion based upon variables not considered by earlier congruity and inoculation models. Support was found for the prediction that the kind of critical response set induced and the target of the criticism are mediators of resistance to persuasion. The more critical acts are focused on arguments presented in a persuasive message, the more likely that the critical act will not be distracting and therefore promote counterarguing which will lead people to be resistant to subsequent persuasive messages arguing on the same side of given attitudinal issue. When criticism is less central to message variables and focuses on speaker and/or delivery characteristics, distraction occurs which decreases the probability of counterarguing and induces people to be vulnerable to forthcoming persuasive messages. This is especially true when negative criticism of speaker characteristics reduces threat to present attitudes and reduces motivation to counterargue to protect privately held beliefs. A completely counterbalanced design employing several manipulation checks was created to rule out competing explanations for differential resistance to persuasion.
Visualizing the effects of distributed volume non-Kolmogorov and anisotropic turbulence on incoherent long horizontal-path imaging

Video imagery is extremely useful in developing an intuitive sense for the effects of atmospheric turbulence in long, horizontal-path imaging. This is especially true when attempting to understand the effects of Non-Kolmogorov and anisotropic turbulence. We have created simulated video sequences featuring a static scene where parameters such as turbulence strength, power-law exponent, direction and degree of anisotropy are varied. Because these image sequences are simulated, it is possible to explore the effects of these parameters using non-subjective measures such as the Mean Squared Error. We find that changing the power-law exponent while leaving the Fried parameter fixed results in more blurring but less anisoplantic tip-tilt distortions at lower power laws. Images have subjectively less blurring and more global tip-tilt distortion when the power law is higher than the Kolmogorov value. We also observe that Mean Squared Error increases approximately linearly with the degree of anisotropy.
Studies of the Ecology of Dengue in Malaysia: A Preliminary Report

A preliminary study of dengue ecology based on the hypothesis that dengue is a zoonoses was conducted in Malaya from 1962 to 1964. Over 2,300 wild and domestic animals representing over 55 species of more than 28 genera, and over 25,000 adult mosquitoes were collected from urban and forest areas. Although no dengue virus was isolated from animals and mosquitoes tested, high levels of dengueneutralizing antibody were demonstrated in the majority of forest monkeys. The serological results strongly suggest that dengue virus is active in forest areas of Malaya, although it is recognized that serological results alone are not conclusive proof. Competition between Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes and its possible relationship to dengue disease and hemorrhagic fever is discussed.
Interpolation formulae for describing size dependence of properties of finite systems and their use for clusters and biologically important molecules

Abstract The general possibility of introducing simple interpolation formulae for the size dependence of the properties of finite systems together with examples of their use for clusters and biologically important macromolecules is discussed.
Singular perturbation and time scale approaches in discrete control systems

After considering a singularly perturbed discrete control system, a singular perturbation approach is used to obtain outer and correction subsystems. A time scale approach is then applied via block diagonalization transformations to decouple the system into slow and fast subsystems. To a zeroth-order approximation, the singular perturbation and time-scale approaches are found to yield equivalent results.
XY Gonadal Dysgenesis in an Adolescent With Chronic Renal Failure: A Case of Frasier Syndrome

Abstract Study Objective To report a case of XY gonadal dysgenesis in an adolescent with renal failure and to review the literature on this association. Methods In this case report from the Tertiary Care University Medical Center, a 16-year-old female with chronic renal failure presenting with primary amenorrhea was studied. Interventions included laparotomy with bilateral gonadectomy and horn10ne replacement therapy. Main outcome measures Karyotype, gonadal histology. Results Diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis. Presence of a gonadoblastoma. Conclusions Gonadal dysgenesis should be considered in any female adolescent with renal disease presenting with pubertal delay or primary amenorrhea.
A Statistical Profile of the Named Entity Task

In this paper we present a statistical profile of the Named Entity task, a specific information extraction task for which corpora in several languages are available. Using the results of the statistical analysis, we propose an algorithm for lower bound estimation for Named Entity corpora and discuss the significance of the cross-lingual comparisons provided by the analysis.
Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in autoimmune liver disease and evidence for the production of ICAM-1 by cytokine-stimulated human hepatocytes

A circulating form of the membrane-bound ICAM-1 (CD54), a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), has recently been identified in normal human serum. In this study, serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) were determined by sandwich ELISA both in normal healthy individuals of both sexes and in subjects with autoimmune liver diseases. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune) showed significant elevations in sICAM-1 compared with normal healthy subjects. The median level in PBC was approximately seven-fold above normal. Significant elevations in sICAM-1 were also detected, however, in patients with inactive alcoholic cirrhosis, suggesting that impaired liver clearance might at least in part account for the increased serum levels seen in patients with autoimmune liver disease. In patients with PBC, sICAM-1 levels were related to summary assessment of disease severity (Child-Pugh classification) and correlated significantly with serum biochemical indices of liver function, including measures both of cholestasis and liver cell injury. In contrast, serum levels of E-selectin did not differ significantly from healthy controls. Although it has been suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) may be a source of sICAM-1, investigation of ICAM-1 gene expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed similar basal levels of ICAM-1 message in PBMC of normal individuals and those with active PBC. This suggests that PBMC may not be a significant source of sICAM-1 in this disease. Similar increases in ICAM-1 mRNA expression were found in cultured, concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated lymphocytes of both PBC patients and controls. Significantly, stimulation of cultured, normal human hepatocytes with proinflammatory cytokines and endotoxin induced cell surface expression of ICAM-1 and the secretion/shedding of sICAM-1 into the hepatocyte culture medium. This new finding suggests that hepatocytes may be an important source of sICAM-1 in autoimmune and other chronic liver diseases. The possible role of sICAM-1 in inflammatory disorders remains to be determined.
APPLICATION OF MARKOV PROGRAMMING IN DISCRETE MANUFACTURING CONTROL

This paper focuses on selecting the minimum cost control for a discrete manufacturing system. Information is available to the controller concerning both the process and the status of the incoming part. A Markov programming approach is utilized to explicitly consider the stochastic elements of the process. That is, the part characteristic is assumed to be transformed by the process according to a probability distribution that is unique for each mode of control. Selection of the minimum cost control is performed based on these distributions and information concerning the status of the incoming part. Specifically, the three scenarios assume that the controller is provided with: 1) no information, 2) the distribution of the quality characteristic among the potential values, and 3) complete information about each part. A model for each scenario is developed and an example is presented to further illustrate the concepts.
Global protein function annotation through mining genome-scale data in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

As we are moving into the post genome-sequencing era, various high-throughput experimental techniques have been developed to characterize biological systems on the genomic scale. Discovering new biological knowledge from the high-throughput biological data is a major challenge to bioinformatics today. To address this challenge, we developed a Bayesian statistical method together with Boltzmann machine and simulated annealing for protein functional annotation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through integrating various high-throughput biological data, including yeast two-hybrid data, protein complexes and microarray gene expression profiles. In our approach, we quantified the relationship between functional similarity and high-throughput data, and coded the relationship into ‘functional linkage graph’, where each node represents one protein and the weight of each edge is characterized by the Bayesian probability of function similarity between two proteins. We also integrated the evolution information and protein subcellular localization information into the prediction. Based on our method, 1802 out of 2280 unannotated proteins in yeast were assigned functions systematically.
Partonometry in W + jet production

QCD predicts soft radiation patterns that are particularly simple for W+jet production. We demonstrate how these patterns can be used to distinguish between the parton-level subprocesses probabilistically on an event-by-event basis. As a test of our method we demonstrate correlations between the soft radiation and the radiation inside the outgoing jet. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Intraluminal dilatation of the innominate artery before extracranial-intracranial bypass: case report.

We are reporting a successful dilatation of the innominate artery with the Gruntzig balloon catheter before an extracranial-intracranial bypass procedure.
Chronic ulcerative disease of the colon.

The surgical material from 41 random cases of chronic ulcerative disease of the colon was reviewed. There were 28 cases of chronic ulcerative colitis and 13 cases of Crohn's disease of the colon. The clinical and pathologic findings were in agreement, in general, with those reported in the literature. Specimens from ten cases of chronic ulcerative colitis and five cases of Crohn's disease of the colon were studied with additional special stains. In the former the argentaffin and argyrophilic cells were usually increased in numbers, but in the latter those cells were decreased. In two of the indicated five cases of Crohn's disease the mucosal mucin apparently was inducing the granulomas, which were similar to those reported to occur in the disease.
The vertebrate linker histones H10, H5, and H1M are descendants of invertebrate “orphon” histone H1 genes

We investigated the evolutionary history of the divergent vertebrate linker histones H10, H5, and HIM. We observed that the sequence of the central conserved domain of these vertebrate proteins shares characteristic features with histone H1 proteins of plants and invertebrate animals which otherwise never appear in any vertebrate histone H1 protein. A quantitative analysis of 58 linker histone sequences also reveals that these proteins are more similar to invertebrate and plant histone H1 than to histone H1 of vertebrates. A phylogenetic tree deduced from an alignment of the central domain of all known linker histones places H10, H5, and HIM in close vicinity to invertebrate sperm histone H1 proteins and to invertebrate histone H1 proteins encoded by polyadenylated mRNAs. We therefore conclude that the ancestors of the vertebrate linker histones H10, H5, and HIM diverged from the main group of histone H1 proteins before the vertebrate type of histone H1 was established in evolution. We discuss this observation in the general context of linker histone evolution.
Cosmology: unique, or not unique?

That is the question. The search for a single theory of everything is as old as science itself, and is now the beat of quantum cosmologists. But some basic tenets that inform the quest are being challenged.
Coal desulfurization in a fluidized bed reactor

Fluidized bed reactor technology was investigated as a means of developing a new simple and low cost process for coal desulfurization. Preliminary experimental results obtained in a 2.54 cm batch fluidized bed reactor have shown that over 80% total sulfur reductions can be achieved by sequential chlorination and dechlorination/ hydrodesulfurization of high sulfur pulverized coals. Proximate and ultimate analyses of desulfurized coals have revealed enhanced carbon and fixed carbon levels and substantially reduced volatile, oxygen and hydrogen contents. While there was a minor increase in the ash content and heating value, nitrogen and chlorine contents were essentially unchanged. Compared to an earlier slurry phase process, the fluidized bed reactors process has specific advantages such as shorter reaction times, fewer processing steps and reduced reactant requirements. A fluidized bed reactor process may thus have a potential of being developed into a simple and economic means of converting high sulfur coals to environmentally acceptable fuels.
Nonlinear estimation techniques for impact point prediction of ballistic targets

This paper considers three nonlinear estimation algorithms for impact point prediction (IPP) of ballistic targets. The paper assumes measurements are available from a 3D surveillance radar or phased array radar over some portion of the ballistic trajectory. The ballistic target (BT) is tracked using an extended Kalman filter (EKF), an unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and a particle filter (PF). With the track estimate as an initial condition, the equations of motion for the BT are integrated to obtain a prediction of the impact point. This paper compares the performance of the EKF, UKF, and a particular choice of PF for impact point prediction. The traditional Extended Kalman Filter equations are based on a first-order Taylor series approximation of the nonlinear transformations (expanded about the latest state estimate). Both the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Particle Filter allow nonlinear systems to be modeled without prior linearizion. The primary focus of the analysis presented in this paper is comparing the performance and accuracy of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and the chosen Particle Filter implementation for impact point prediction. The three filtering techniques are compared to the theoretical Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of estimation error.
The Oblong or Truncate-tailed Ocean Sunfish, Ranzania truncata , at Mauritius

IN studying the history and distribution in the three great oceans of the very rare pointed-tailed sunfish Masturus, I have had to disentangle it in the literature from the other two genera of the family Molidae—Mola, the round-tailed genus, and Ranzania, the truncate form. The former, known since Roman times, is found in the three central oceans, but to my surprise, Ranzania, while recorded from the Atlantic and Pacific, has seemingly never been described from the Indian Ocean. However, there is known to me an unpublished figure and description of it in this ocean and it seems well to put these on record.
Partial purification of mammalian brain cholinesterase.

Abstract Beef brain cholinesterase has been purified 6.5-fold from extracts of butanol-treated tissues by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Extracting the tissue with n-butanol removed lipids and permitted solubilization of the enzyme in buffer.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in an Adult: An Uncommon Case of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon acute, rapidly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is most often due to infection or immunization. Generally, it is monophasic, but there is potential for recurrence and risk for development of multiple sclerosis. Although there has been literature documenting autonomic dysreflexia and hypertensive emergency in 2 pediatric cases of ADEM, to our knowledge there has not been a case detailing paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in an adult patient with ADEM. This case report describes a fulminant case of ADEM and serves to expand the list of diagnoses associated with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.
O07.1 Sexual Relationship Importance and Condom Use Among Men Attending STD Clinics in Two Southern Cities in the United States

Background Relationship type and perception of importance of the relationship may be predictors of condom use. Methods Men who presented at STD clinics in New Orleans, LA and Jackson, MS with NGU, tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), or were contacts of women with Ct underwent computer-assisted/self-administered interviews and were asked to report information on up to 4 sexual partners in the last two months. Importance of relationship was determined using 4 variables: having history together, shared feelings, commitment to each other, and physical passion. Results 1065 men reported information on 1924 partnerships; 98.9% of which were with women, 47% were considered main, but only 30% of the men lived with and 6% were married to main partners. Relationships were described as: girlfriend/boyfriend (32%), mother-of-child (6.8%), friend-with-benefit (26.4%), sex with but not friend (6.2%), ex-girlfriend/boyfriend (9.1%), someone I want to have relationship with (5.8%), one night stand (12.3%), paid for sex (1.4%). Most (82.1%) had sex in a home, while 11.3% in hotel, and 6.6% in public place/other. Importance of relationship variables by relationship (most important to least 1–8) were: girlfriend/boyfriend (1.1) and mother-of-child (1.7), and someone I might want to have a relationship (2.6), ex-girlfriend/boyfriend (3.7), friend-with-benefit (5.3), sex but not friend (6.8), paid for sex (7.1) and one night stand (7.2). The less important the relationship was, the more likely they were to be using a condom O.R. 1.13 (95% C.I. 1.08–1.18). Condom use at last sex act was least likely with the mother of child (34.5%) and most likely with paid to have sex (91.7%). Condom use was between 51% - 78% for the other categories. Conclusion In general, condoms were used more frequently with partners whose relationships were perceived as less important, but this was not universal.
Interpretation of Ungrammatical Sentences.

Ungrammatical Hebrew sentences were presented to subjects who were required to interpret them. The sentences contained violations of agreement rules concerning number (as in the English The girl sing), gender, number and gender, and tense. In simple cases only one constituent had to be changed in order to form a grammatical sentence; in more complicated sentences this number was up to three. The interpretations subjects made of these sentences were found to follow syntactic, morphophonemic, semantic, pragmatic, and heuristic considerations. Syntactic rules were found to be relevant mainly in the simple sentences. In the complicated cases the interpretations given were those which required changing the least number of surface constituents in order to make the sentence grammatical. In addition, marked constituents showed a resistance to change, and the order of constituents was not relevant.
Bootstrap correction for diurnal activity cycle in census data for Antarctic seals

Antarctic phocid seals and particularly the crabeater (Lobodon carcinophagus) have been observed to display a diurnal cycle in their propensity to haul out on pack ice where they are visible for census. The fact that they are not visible for much of the 24-h period means that density estimates made over broad geographic areas at various times of the day statistically confound this cycle with geographic variability. Limitation of census observations to times of peak haulout results in extreme logistical difficulties and/or considerable reduction in sample size upon which to base population estimates. Reduced sample size results in high variability in population estimates and broad confidence bands. To develop a model with which to correct density estimates for variability due to diurnal cycle, a series of stationary censuses at fixed locations in the Antarctic continental ice pack was made over significant fractions of several days. A unimodal polynomial model for the observed density variation in any one location was statistically significant; a similar model combining multiple locations with densities standardized to peak daily values was also significant. The latter model was used to make corrections for time of day to density estimates in three test data sets taken over broad geographic areas of the Antarctic. Statistical simulation (bootstrap) methods were used to determine if variances of corrected density estimates were lower than those based on uncorrected observations taken only during the peak haulout times of the day. Results were that 95% interval estimates for corrected densities were narrowed to between 40% and 61% of the uncorrected estimates. While there are additional possible sources of variation in haulout tendency, pending further data collection and analyses, the model developed represents a considerably more precise methodology than either averaging over haulout variability or limiting observations to peak daily periods.
Beetles that live with ants (Carabidae, Pseudomorphini, Pseudomorpha Kirby, 1825): A revision of the santarita species group.

The Western Hemisphere genus Pseudomorpha Kirby 1825 was last revised by Notman in 1925 based on only a few known species (22) and paltry few specimens (73); other authors have added an additional six species represented by 53 additional specimens since 1925. Baehr (1997) assigned three species from Australia to this genus, albeit in a new subgenus, Austropseudomorpha Baehr 1997. A recent study of collections from throughout the Americas (1757 specimens) has revealed numerous new species that can be arrayed across 19 species groups based on a suite of attributes, some used by Notman and others newly discovered. A taxonomic revision of the species contained in one of these species groups, santarita, is provided herein, as well as a distributional synopsis of the remaining 18 species groups. New species described herein are as follows, each with its type locality: Pseudomorpha huachineras p. n., Arroyo El Cocono, Sierra Huachinera, Sonora, Mexico; P. patagonia sp. n., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona; P.penablanca sp. n., Pena Blanca Lake, Arizona; P. pima sp. n., Madera Canyon (lower), Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona; P. santacruz sp. n., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona; and P. santarita sp. n., Santa Rita Ranch, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.
Nanofibrous composites for tissue engineering applications.

Developmentofartificialmatricesfortissueengineeringisacrucialareaofresearch in the field of regenerative medicine. Successful tissue scaffolds, in analogy with the natural mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM), are multi-component, fibrous, and on the nanoscale. In addition, to this key morphology, artificial scaffolds must have mechanical, chemical, surface, and electrical properties that match the ECM or basement membrane of the specific tissue desired. In particular, these material properties may vary significantly for the four primary tissues in the body: nerve, muscle, epithelial, and connective. In order to address this complex array of attributeswithapolymericmaterial,ananocompositeapproach,employingablend of materials, addition of a particle to enhance particular properties, or a surface treatment, is likely to be required. In this review, we examine nanocomposite approaches to address these diverse needs as a function of tissue type. The review is intended as a bridge between material scientists and biomedical researchers to give basic background information on tissue biology to the former, and on material processing approaches to the latter, in a general manner, and specifically review fibrous nanocomposite materials that have previously been used for cell studies, either in vivo or in vitro.  2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2009 1 369‐390
The role of the principal sensory nucleus in central trigeminal pattern formation

Complete lesions of the principal sensory nucleus in the neonatal rat disrupts vibrissae-related pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus. Similar lesions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus do not effect pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus. The results are interpreted as suggesting that the principal sensory nucleus provides a template for pattern formation in central trigeminal structures.
Unique Case of “Post‐Lumbar Puncture Headache”

Lumbar puncture (LP) is associated with complications that include post-LP orthostatic headache, local bleeding, and subdural hematoma. We report a unique case of a spontaneous frontal epidural hematoma following a therapeutic lumbar puncture in a patient with a history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. This case highlights the importance of symptomatology in patients following LPs by revealing a rare intracranial presentation that would be devastating if not discovered promptly and appropriately managed.
Exiting: Another Look

Trinkaus (1) reports an informal study on the preference of students of a business school, when leaving a building, for exiting via an open or closed door. To develop a broader understanding of this behavior, a n inquiry was conducted in the summer and fall of 1990, at a large train station, in the same city, in the Northeast. Using a convenience sample, notation was made of the door preference of arriving commuters, as they moved up from the track level to the main level of the station. The egress point noted, one of the exits for a particular track, was at the top of a flight of 42 stairs, which was wide enough to accommodate two people proceeding side by side. At the top of the stairs there was a small lobby area located immediately in front of a doorway consisting of two outwardly opening, self-closing doors. When open, each door was wide enough to permit one person to pass through at a time. During the periods of observation, the door on the right was restrained in its open position; the door on the left was in its normally closed position. A total of 25 unobtrusive weekday citings of three hours duration were made between 0630 and 0930. While these test conditions were conducive to double counting, it was felt that the occurrence of daily variations in the pattern arrangement of the people, as they moved up the stairs, would tend to minimize any serious deleterious effect on the results. O n average, nine train loads of people were discharged, over the 3-hr. period, on the track being observed, with a mean of 102 people per train leaving the platform via the portal being watched-there were a number of other stairways leading up from the platform to the main level of the station. Passage of one train load of people through the doorway, which codd be termed a steady, but not continuous, flow took about two to three minutes. People on reaching the top of the stairs, regardless of whether they were on the left or right side of the stairs, generally opted to exit via the open door on the right, even though, for the people on the left, a wait and merge maneuver was required most OF the time. However, in each train load of people using the stairs, without exception, someone, other than the first person
Regional and Technological Determinants of Company Productivity Growth in the Late 1980s

KE S. and BERGMAN E. M. (1995) Regional and technological determinants of company productivity growth in the late 1980s, Reg. Studies 29, 59–71. This paper estimates the impacts on productivity growth of regional factors and technological inputs. Two unique data sets for US textile-apparel and computer-electronics companies are combined with secondary data to estimate a total factor productivity (TFP) growth equation, a neutral technological progress (NTP) equation and an equation of scale economies. The estimates show that regional factors and technological inputs are more significant contributors to TFP and NTP in computer-electronics production than in textile-apparel. Similarly, regional factors and technological inputs have stronger influence on scale economies in computer-electronics than in textile-apparel. Scale economies, as traditionally measured, show a complicated pattern of empirical performance and may not be a straightforward indicator of productivity growth in an era of downsizing and flex...
Measurement of the Energy Gap in an Organic Superconductor: Evidence for Extremely Strong Coupling

Point-contact tunneling is used to make what we believe to be the first measurement of a superconducting energy gap ($\ensuremath{\Delta}$) in an organic superconductor. For a $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{[bis(\mathrm{ethylenedithio})\mathrm{tetrathiafulvalene}]}_{2}\mathrm{Au}{\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ single crystal, $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ shows consistent field and temperature dependences, but is more than 4 times larger than weak-coupling BCS value, implying extremely strong coupling. We speculate that very low-frequency modes may be responsible.
Photoinduced reactivity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein with a membrane-embedded probe reveals insertion of portions of the HIV-1 Gp41 cytoplasmic tail into the viral membrane

The interactions of HIV-1 Env (gp120-gp41) with CD4 and coreceptors trigger a barrage of conformational changes in Env that drive the membrane fusion process. Various regions of gp41 have profound effects on HIV entry and budding. However, the precise interactions between gp41 and the membrane have not been elucidated. To examine portions of membrane proteins that are embedded in membrane lipids, we have studied photoinduced chemical reactions in membranes using the lipid bilayer specific probe iodonaphthyl azide (INA). Here we show that in addition to the transmembrane anchor, amphipatic sequences in the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of HIV-1 gp41 are labeled by INA. INA labeling of the HIV-1 gp41 CT was similar whether wild-type or a mutant HIV-1 was used with uncleaved p55 Gag, which does not allow entry. These results shed light on the disposition of the HIV-1 gp41 CT with respect to the membrane. Moreover, our data have general implications for topology of membrane proteins and their in situ interactions with the lipid bilayer.