cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “Poli-Migra”: Multilayered Legislation, Enforcement Practices, and What We Can Learn About and From Today’s Approaches

This article discusses what we know about immigration law in the lives of Latinos today and what we learn from this knowledge to possibly establish links beyond specific case studies. We know a great deal about the multilayered enforcement regime in place today—the federal, state, and local level laws and ordinances and the various enforcement strategies—which act all at once in highly articulated fashion to affect the lives of immigrants, their families, and communities. What we learn from this accumulated knowledge—the unevenness of enforcement across contexts, the heterogeneity of experiences among Latinos as not all are affected in the same way, and the short- and possible long-term effects—can be helpful for theorizing more broadly about immigrant incorporation and can also serve to formulate sound policy reform.
Effect of vagotomy on gastric secretory response to histamine.

Conclusions1. The gastric secretory response to a standard dose of histamine in dogs with a totally isolated stomach pouch is markedly reduced by bilateral vagotomy.2. Atropine similarly reduces the gastric secretory response to histamine in these animals.3. Gastric vagotomy in patients with peptic ulcer also markedly reduces the gastric secretory response to a standard dose of histamine.
Watching embryonic development in a new light: elasticity specific imaging with dual Brillouin/Raman microspectroscopy

Mechanical properties of tissues play an important role in biological development. However, the current elasticity-specific imaging techniques are either destructive / invasive, or have a limited spatial and/or temporal resolution. Recently, we introduced Brillouin microscopy imaging as a local non-invasive probe of microscopic viscoelasticity in cells and tissues. In this study, by taking advantage of Brillouin spectroscopy, we imaged the viscoelasticity properties of different compartments of living zebrafish embryos, including yolk-sac, skin, spine and heart. Brillouin and Raman spectra were collected simultaneously at each location using a recently developed Brillouin/Raman microscope.
Molecular epidemiological survey of Anaplasma phagtocytophilium in livestock in Zhejiang province

Objective To determine the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in goats and oxen in Zhejiang province. Methods Five goats and five oxen were randomly surveyed in each househould based on registration information. Venous blood samples of 5 ml were collected from each subject,and the separated serum was tested for IgG antibodies against A. phagocytophilum using immunofluorescence assay(mIFA) as recommended by the WHO. The blood cells were used for DNA extraction,which was then amplified for the 16S rRNA genes of A. phagocytophilum. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed for homology and genetic variation. Results A high carrying rate(39.42%) was found in the local livestock,particularly in Tiantai county. Considerable variation in the 16S rRNA genes was found in the prevalent strains. In addition to 15 independent variations in the nucleic acid sequences,at least five strains with variation in the dominant sequences were found. Conclusion Most domestic animals in Zhejiang province carry A. phagocytophilum warranting the survey and molecular epidemiological investigation of this pathogen in humans.
Analysis on application of anti-tuberculosis fixed dose compound( FDC) in Jiangsu province

Objective To describe the use of anti-tuberculosis fixed dose compound( FDC) in pilot areas of Jiangsu Province. Methods The clinical data of 4577 patients treated with FDC were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 4577 patients,1262 cases( 27. 58%) had adverse reactions. 710( 15. 51%) cases changed to bulk drugs and 79( 1. 72%) cases stopped TB treatment due to adverse reactions. Among 978 new smear-positive patients,794 cases( 81. 19%) were cured,and 73 cases( 7. 46%) completed the therapy. Conclusion FDC drugs as recommended by National Tuberculosis Control Program are suitable for comprehensive promotion in Jiangsu province.
Zika Virus: From Obscurity to Potentially Devastating International Threat

In the fall of 2015, an epidemic of microcephaly in newborn infants was reported in Brazil. Zika virus (ZIKV),5 a previously obscure arthropod-borne flavivirus in Africa transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, was identified as the suspected etiology. As pictures of severely affected infants began to appear in the news, the virus spread to additional countries in the Western hemisphere, and alarm grew. Travel alerts were issued and in some areas women were advised to defer pregnancy. Within a few months, the link of ZIKV infection to microcephaly was confirmed, and new information began and continues to emerge at a rapid pace. ZIKV is unique for an arbovirus, not only for its devastating outcomes in the fetus, but also for its potential for sexual transmission. Furthermore, it has become apparent that obtaining a rapid and accurate ZIKV diagnosis can be challenging. The public health, medical, and research communities are working with great focus and urgency to better understand transmission, pathogenesis, and outcome, to accurately diagnose, and to ultimately prevent human infections. Three experts currently involved in the response to ZIKV have taken the time to share their knowledge and their insights on what we have learned to date, even as the epidemic continues to unfold. ZIKV was first discovered in primates in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. What changed to facilitate the recent explosive spread in humans? Laura Kramer: Intercontinental air travel, globalization, and urbanization facilitate spread of viruses and vectors to distant places. Furthermore, global warming and climate change are redefining the geographical distributions of mosquito vectors. In 2007, ZIKV spread from Africa and Southeast Asia to cause the first large outbreak in humans on the Pacific island of Yap, in the Federated States of Micronesia. Before this event, no outbreaks and only 14 cases of …
Seismicity of rockfalls and avalanches at three cascade range volcanoes: Implications for seismic detection of hazardous mass movements

Abstract This study reviews seismograms from 14 rockfalls and avalanches of moderate to large volume (10 4 to 10 7 m 3 ) at Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, and Mount Rainier in the Cascade Range of Washington to investigate how variations in source volume, source materials, track materials, and failure modes affect avalanche seismicity. The largest signals were generated by rockfalls at Mount St. Helens and debris avalanches at Mount Rainier that initiated as block failures. At Mount St. Helens, several rockfalls that originated as block failures near the crater rim descended slopes with similar profiles, and appear to show a linear or nearly linear relation between source volume and seismogram amplitude. Those that fell over an extended period of time were poorly recorded at the reference seismic station and did not show this correlation. Multiple seismograms from three of the four instrumentally recorded debris avalanches at Mount Rainier indicate a tendency of unstable slopes there to fail progressively, a pattern that has important implications for the mass-movement hazard at Mount Rainier. Seismic evidence shows that the Little Tahoma rock-fall avalanches in December 1963 occurred on 6 December, over a week earlier than previously reported. Mass movements that have been seismically detected span the spectrum of rapid flowage events, from water surges and debris flows to dry rock, debris, ice, and snow avalanches. The success in identifying and in some cases locating these events in near real time demonstrates that local and regional seismic networks can play a valuable role in reducing hazards from large, rapid mass movements.
A Survey on Modeling and Optimizing Multi-Objective Systems

Many systems or applications have been developed for distributed environments with the goal of attaining multiple objectives in the face of environmental challenges such as high dynamics/hostility or severe resource constraints (e.g., energy or communications bandwidth). Often the multiple objectives are conflicting with each other, requiring optimal tradeoff analyses between the objectives. This paper is mainly concerned with how to model multiple objectives of a system and how to optimize their performance. We first conduct a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art modeling and solution techniques to solve multi-objective optimization problems. In addition, we discuss pros and cons of each modeling and optimization technique for in-depth understanding. Further, we classify existing approaches based on the types of objectives and investigate main problem domains, critical tradeoffs, and key techniques used in each class. We discuss the overall trends of the existing techniques in terms of application domains, objectives, and techniques. Further, we discuss challenging issues based on the inherent nature of multi-objective optimization problems. Finally, we suggest future work directions in terms of what critical design factors should be considered to design and analyze a system with multiple objectives.
A Critical Role of Zinc Importer AdcABC in Group A Streptococcus-Host Interactions During Infection and Its Implications for Vaccine Development

Bacterial pathogens must overcome host immune mechanisms to acquire micronutrients for successful replication and infection. Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A streptococcus (GAS), is a human pathogen that causes a variety of clinical manifestations, and disease prevention is hampered by lack of a human GAS vaccine. Herein, we report that the mammalian host recruits calprotectin (CP) to GAS infection sites and retards bacterial growth by zinc limitation. However, a GAS-encoded zinc importer and a nuanced zinc sensor aid bacterial defense against CP-mediated growth inhibition and contribute to GAS virulence. Immunization of mice with the extracellular component of the zinc importer confers protection against systemic GAS challenge. Together, we identified a key early stage host-GAS interaction and translated that knowledge into a novel vaccine strategy against GAS infection. Furthermore, we provided evidence that a similar struggle for zinc may occur during other streptococcal infections, which raises the possibility of a broad-spectrum prophylactic strategy against multiple streptococcal pathogens.
Welcome from the technical program chair

On behalf of my co-chairs Yasao Kuga and Dawn Gidner and the technical program committee, a very sincere and warm welcome to Seattle! We are very excited about this year's technical program.
Review: Low-molecular-weight heparin or standard heparin for deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty

Source Citation Abstract title formerly "Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin or Standard Heparin for Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Meta-Analysis." Anderson DR, O'Brien BJ, Levine MN, et al. Efficacy and cost of...
Participatory action research (PAR) with children and youth: An integrative review of methodology and PAR outcomes for participants, organizations, and communities

Abstract Due to an increasing emphasis on children's rights, children's participation in studies about social issues has become a trend. The research community has been liberally utilizing the concept of participatory action research (PAR). Thus, oversimplification of children's involvement and misinterpretation of their voices has become a concern for many scholars. This review is an attempt to support the critical conversation about PAR, especially in regard to (1) its methodological features, as well as (2) outcomes of genuine children's participation in PAR for children and youth themselves, social service organizations, and communities. Forty-five articles were selected and coded for analysis in accordance with integrative review methodology. PAR with children and youth showed evidence of positive outcomes for children, organizations, and communities. However, PAR with children and youth still faces the challenges of involving very young participants, providing meaningful participation opportunities and addressing power differences between children and adults in diverse cultural contexts. Discussion of methodological challenges and review of critical outcomes of the PAR approach is provided.
Epidemiology of Cervical Spine Injuries in High School Athletes Over a Ten-Year Period.

Abstract Background More than 7 million athletes participate in high school sports annually, with both the benefits of physical activity and risks of injury. Although catastrophic cervical spine injuries have been studied, limited data are available that characterize less-severe cervical spine injuries in high school athletes. Objective To describe and compare cervical spine injury rates and patterns among U.S. high school athletes across 24 sports over a 10-year period. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting National sample of high schools participating in the High School Reporting Information Online injury surveillance system. Participants Athletes from participating schools injured in a school sanctioned practice, competition, or performance during the 2005–2006 through 2014–2015 academic years. Methods Cervical spine injury data captured by the High School Reporting Information Online system during the 10-year study period were examined. Cervical spine injury was defined as any injury to the cervical spinal cord, bones, nerves, or supporting structures of the cervical spine including muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Main Outcome Measurements Cervical spine injury rates, diagnoses, mechanisms, and severities. Results During the study period, 1080 cervical spine injuries were reported during 35,581,036 athlete exposures for an injury rate of 3.04 per 100,000 athlete exposures. Injury rates were highest in football (10.10), wrestling (7.42), and girls' gymnastics (4.95). Muscle injuries were most common (63.1%), followed by nerve injuries (20.5%). A larger proportion of football injuries were nerve injuries compared with all other sports (injury proportion ratio 3.31; confidence interval 2.33-4.72), whereas in boys' ice hockey fractures represented a greater proportion of injuries compared with all other sports (injury proportion ratio 7.64; confidence interval 2.10-27.83). Overall, the most common mechanisms of injury were contact with another player (70.7%) and contact with playing surface (16.1%). Conclusions Cervical spine injury rates and patterns vary by sport and gender. Characterizing these differences is the first step in developing effective, evidence-based prevention guidelines. Level of Evidence IV
Determining Wide-Area Signals and Locations of Regulating Devices to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Through Eigenvalue Sensitivity Analysis Using DIgSILENT Programming Language

This chapter introduces the concept of eigenvalue sensitivity to analyse the installation location and feedback signals of damping regulating devices using DIgSILENT Programming Language. A state-space representation of the linearized system is estimated by dynamic simulations and used to provide two indices based on mode controllability and mode observability. By inspection of these indices, the number of location/signal candidates is reduced, decreasing the computational cost of modal analysis and time-domain simulation for the final selection of regulating device location and feedback signals. This approach is applied to determine the location/signal of a Battery Energy Storage (BES) regulating the inter-area oscillation between the Northern Chile Interconnected System (NCIS) and the Argentinian Interconnected System (AIS).
A simple approach to estimate daily loads of total, refractory, and labile organic carbon from their seasonal loads in a watershed

Loads of naturally occurring total organic carbons (TOC), refractory organic carbon (ROC), and labile organic carbon (LOC) in streams control the availability of nutrients and the solubility and toxicity of contaminants and affect biological activities through absorption of light and complex metals with production of carcinogenic compounds. Although computer models have become increasingly popular in understanding and management of TOC, ROC, and LOC loads in streams, the usefulness of these models hinges on the availability of daily data for model calibration and validation. Unfortunately, these daily data are usually insufficient and/or unavailable for most watersheds due to a variety of reasons, such as budget and time constraints. A simple approach was developed here to calculate daily loads of TOC, ROC, and LOC in streams based on their seasonal loads. We concluded that the predictions from our approach adequately match field measurements based on statistical comparisons between model calculations and field measurements. Our approach demonstrates that an increase in stream discharge results in increased stream TOC, ROC, and LOC concentrations and loads, although high peak discharge did not necessarily result in high peaks of TOC, ROC, and LOC concentrations and loads. The approach developed herein is a useful tool to convert seasonal loads of TOC, ROC, and LOC into daily loads in the absence of measured daily load data.
Introduction to Phantoms of Medical and Health Physics

Phantoms, devices that represent the human body, have been used in medical physics and health physics since the beginning. Soon after the discovery of X-rays, news of the medical benefits of radiation quickly spread. The first X-ray image of a human was taken of Prof. Wilhelm Roentgen’s wife’s hand in 1896.
Navigation For Surveys Of Trans-Pacific Fiber-Optic Cables

Cable route surveys were carried out between Oahu and Luzon using the NECOR multi-narrow beam echosounding system on R/V Robert D. Conrad for AT&T Communications, Inc. Navigation systems included CA-code GPS (Magnavox T-set), 2-chain Range-Range LORAN C (Internav LC-408), Transit satellite (Magnavox 1107), 2-axis doppler speed log (Furuno CI-30) and gyro heading (Sperry MK-27 gyro). GPS positions include clock-aided (HP-5065A Rubidium standard) 2-satellite fixes in addition to fixes derived from 3, 4 and 5 satellites.
Physiologically based demographics of Bt cotton–pest interactions: II. Temporal refuges, natural enemy interactions

An holistic demographic physiologically based age–mass structured model of transgenic Bt cotton expressing one or two toxin of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) and 10 of its pests as affected by generalist natural enemies is developed. The goal of the model is to assess factors favoring the development of resistance in pest species. Among the pest included in the model are the pink bollworm (a primary pest of cotton), and several secondary pests of the family Noctuidae (tobacco budworm, bollworm, fall armyworm, beet armyworm, cabbage looper, soybean looper) as well as a plant bug, boll weevil and whitefly. The pests have widely varying tolerance to the toxin. Resistance to the Bt toxin is assumed recessive, autosomal and controlled by a single diallelic gene. S patial refuges of non-Bt cotton have been mandated to increase heterozygosity in Bt cotton, but spatial refuges may exist for many pest species in non-Bt and/or sylvan hosts. In addition, temporal refuges may arise within Bt cotton due to innate pest tolerance to the toxin that increases with larval age, and variable toxin concentrations in the plant over time and with plant subunit age. Mortality rates and non-lethal effects that increase larval developmental time and decrease adult fecundity vary with Bt toxin concentration. All genotypes are affected but resistant genotypes are assumed less affected than susceptible ones. The effects of spatial and temporal refuges on the development of resistance and pest densities in one and two toxin cottons are examined over several consecutive seasons. Resistance to Bt toxin is more likely to develop in stenophagous highly susceptible pests such as pink bollworm and budworm than in polyphagous highly tolerant pests such as fall armyworm, beet armyworm and soybean looper that have large temporal refuges that slow and possibly reverse resistance development. Predator longevity feeding on Bt intoxicated prey is decreased ca. 28% [Ponsard, S., Gutierrez, A.P., Mills, N.J., 2002. Effects of Bt-toxin in transgenic cotton on the adult longevity of four heteropteran predators. Environ. Entomol. 31, 1197–1205.] creating tradeoffs between the mortality caused by the toxin and that due to reduced predation. Despite reduced natural enemy efficacy,
Vulnerabilities Associated with Post-disaster Declines in HIV-testing: Decomposing the Impact of Hurricane Sandy.

Introduction Using Interrupted Time Series Analysis and generalized estimating equations, this study identifies factors that influence the size and significance of Hurricane Sandy's estimated impact on HIV testing in 90 core-based statistical areas from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013. Methods Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the effects of sociodemographic and storm-related variables on relative change in HIV testing resulting from Interrupted Time Series analyses. Results There is a significant negative relationship between HIV prevalence and the relative change in testing at all time periods. A one unit increase in HIV prevalence corresponds to a 35% decrease in relative testing the week of the storm and a 14% decrease in relative testing at week twelve. Building loss was also negatively associated with relative change for all time points. For example, a one unit increase in building loss at week 0 corresponds with an 8% decrease in the relative change in testing (p=0.0001) and a 2% at week twelve (p=0.001). Discussion Our results demonstrate that HIV testing can be negatively affected during public health emergencies. Communities with high percentages of building loss and significant HIV disease burden should prioritize resumption of testing to support HIV prevention.
Colon and rectal surgery for inflammatory bowel disease patients on vedolizumab: Preliminary surgical outcomes

Background and Objectives: Vedolizumab is an antagonist of leukocyte trafficking that targets gut α4β7 integrins and is efficacious in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies investigating postoperative complications in patients on this medication have not been performed. The objective of this study is to identify rates and types of postoperative complications experienced in patients with IBD who have undergone surgery following treatment with vedolizumab. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective review of the electronic medical record of patients with IBD who underwent perianal or abdominal surgery, June 2014–March 2016, at the University of California San Diego Medical Center. Main outcome measures were rates and types of postoperative complications. Results: Patients were divided into three treatment groups: vedolizumab, other biologics, and no biologics. Twenty-nine patients on vedolizumab underwent forty operations that fit study criteria. Fifteen of 26 abdominal operations experienced a postoperative complication, for a complication rate of 57.7%. The most common complication was infectious (34.6%). Anastomotic leak rate was 16.7% and mortality rate was 7.7%. Complication rates in patients on vedolizumab were higher than rates in other patients with IBD. One of 14 perianal operations experienced an infectious complication (7%). Readmission rate in abdominal patients on vedolizumab was higher than the other categories (31% vs. 7% and 10%, P = 0.01). Conclusions: We observed high rates of postoperative complications in patients on vedolizumab who underwent abdominal surgery. Rates were higher than published outcomes as well as outcomes for other IBD patients at our institution. Studies including larger numbers of patients must be performed to further investigate this issue.
Two Faces of Foreign Affairs Federalism and What They Mean for Climate Change Mitigation

President Trump has done the impossible: he has made the international community enthusiastic about U.S. federalism. Even as they express dismay at Trump's plan to abandon the Paris Agreement, foreign leaders and internationalists have praised the efforts of U.S. states and cities to combat climate change mitigation in accordance with the Agreement's goals. These leaders are responding to what I will call the outer face of foreign affairs federalism—the direct international engagement undertaken by U.S. states and cities. This outer face has gained visibility in recent years, spurred on not only by the exigencies of climate but also by developments in legal practice. Less noticed internationally but of great practical importance is the inner face of foreign affairs federalism—the ways in which U.S. states and cities interact with the federal government. In this contribution, I first describe these two faces of foreign affairs federalism as they relate to climate and then suggest some ways in which foreign leaders and internationalists could expand the outer face and respond to the inner face.
Does Reading Standardized Tests Aloud Meet the Scientific Definition of an Accommodation

The purpose of this study was to determine if reading a standardized tests aloud is an effective accommodation to address impairment associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ...
Where are we going with gene screening for male infertility

Male infertility is a heterogenous disease process requiring the proper functioning and interaction of thousands of genes. Given the number of genes involved, it is thought that genetic causes contribute to most cases of infertility. Identifying these causes, however, is challenging. Infertility is associated with negative health outcomes, such as cancer, highlighting the need to further understand the genetic underpinnings of this condition. This paper describes the genetic and genomic tests currently available to identify the etiology of male infertility and then will discuss emerging technologies that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment of in the future.
PERANCANGAN INFOGRAFIS SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGENALAN AQUASCAPE UNTUK PEMULA

Manusia dengan aktivitas dan pola hidup sekarang ini seringkali mengalami perasaan bosan, jenuh, stres. Manusia sesekali melakukan kegiatan penyegaran ( refreshing ) untuk meminimalisir keadaan tersebut dan juga untuk mendapatkan kondisi jiwa & raga yang sehat dan optimal. Bentuk refreshing dapat berupa liburan ke suatu tempat atau melakukan hobi yang disukai. Hobi aquascape menjadi hobi yang sedang ramai saat ini. Aquascape yang merupakan akuarium dengan ekosistem di dalamnya berupa tumbuhan dan ikan yang berenang kesana-kemari dapat menghadirkan relaksasi & perasaan nyaman. Namun dalam hobi tersebut ternyata ada beberapa kesulitan dalam merawat aquascape . Selain itu banyak pemula yang asal ikut tanpa dasar informasi yang baik dan benar, sehingga hasilnya banyak keluhan tentang aquascape -nya yang berlumut, tanaman dan ikan mati. Atas dasar tersebut penulis bertujuan untuk merancang infografis yang difungsikan sebagai media pengenalan aquascape untuk pemula. Infografis merupakan bentuk representasi visualisasi data atau ide yang berupaya untuk menyampaikan informasi yang kompleks kepada komunikan secara jelas & mudah dipahami. Infografis hadir sebagai alternatif penyampaian pesan visual secara kreatif & menarik sehingga mudah dipahami oleh masyararakat. Data-data yang diperoleh dari beberapa sumber diolah untuk menjadi materi dalam infografis. Visualisasi tersebut diubah secara sederhana namun tetap menarik. Dengan medium infografis yang telah diolah menjadi desain yang informatif, menarik & mudah dipahami oleh pembaca, diharapkan lebih banyak masyarakat dan pemula menjadi tahu dan paham bagaimana sebenarnya aquascape itu. Sehingga mereka yang akan membuat aquascape tidak kecewa dikemudian hari karena kesalahan-kesalahan dalam membuatnya. Kata kunci: Infografis, aquascape, ilustrasi, DKV
Studies on Why 12-0-Tetradecanoyl-Phorbol-13-Acetate (TPA) Does Not Promote Epidermal Carcinogenesis of Hamsters

TPA, which is a potent promoter of mouse epidermal carcinogenesis, is inactive as a promoter on hamster, rat, and guinea pig skin. In order to probe the basis for this species specificity, the effects of TPA on hamster epidermis and hamster epidermal cells in culture were studied and compared to the known effects of TPA on mouse skin. We first wanted to determine whether TPA was reaching the target cells or if it was metabolized. Our studies revealed that metabolic inactivation of TPA does not account for its lack of tumor promoting activity on hamster skin. In addition, hamster epidermis treated with 81 nmol of TPA responded in a manner analogous to TPA-treaLed mouse epidermis. A hyperplastic response of the hamster skin was observed reaching a maximum at 48 hours after TPA treatment. Ultrastructural changes similar to those induced in mouse skin by TPA were observed in hamster skin. Hamster epidermal cells grown in culture also responded to TPA. TPA inhibited terminal differentiation of hamster epidermal cells and stimulated DNA synthesis in the cultures. These results demonstrate that TPA is very active on hamster epidermis and epidermal cells in culture. Since tumor promotion requires long–term exposure of cells to TPA and all the above experiments were acute experiments, the effects on hamster epidermis of TPA treatment for 1 to 4 weeks were studied. The most significant difference between mouse and hamster skin is in their hyperplastic response to TPA. In the mouse there is a potentiation in TPA-induced hyperplasia after two or more exposures to the promoter; while hamster skin adapts to the TPA treatment and no longer responds hyperplastically after multiple doses. The mechanism of this adaptation is unknown, but is currently under investigation. Examining differences in adapted and nonadapted hamster skin should be useful in understanding the mechanism of TPA promoting action. The role of sustained hyperplasia in tumor promotion and current models of tumor promotion are discussed.
Children of the Nile: Archeology and the Coptic Church

The contribution of archaeology to religious history has often been one of providing verification and clarification of accepted textual statements (if available) and expanding the knowledge of the ...
The relationship between lateral epicondyle morphology and iliotibial band friction syndrome: A matched case-control study.

Abstract Background Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is an overuse injury with pain at the level of the knee lateral epicondyle. We sought to determine whether there is greater knee lateral epicondyle prominence among patients with ITBFS versus matched controls. Methods Seventy five patients with ITBFS and 75 age-, height-, and sex-matched controls (n = 150 total patients) with knee magnetic resonance imaging from 2015 to 2017 were included. All cases had a diagnosis of ITBFS and a lack of other identified lateral knee injuries on magnetic resonance imaging. Controls had medial knee pain with medial meniscus tear on MRI and no clinical evidence of ITBFS. Lateral knee epicondyle height in millimeters was measured. Results Mean patient age was 39.1 years (SD 15.1), 57% were female, and mean height was 170.0 cm (SD 9.3) with no difference between cases and controls. Mean lateral epicondyle height for cases was 13.1 mm (SD 1.6) and for controls was 12.2 (SD 1.4) with a mean difference of 0.9 mm (95% CI 0.4–1.3 mm) between matched pairs (p Conclusions There is a significant association between greater lateral epicondyle prominence and IT band friction syndrome, suggesting another anatomic risk factor for this multifactorial condition.
He Bubble Concentration, Size and Strain in Implanted Aluminum by SAXS/WAXS

Alpha-radiation damage in metals is a concern for long-term radioactive storage and systems that produce nuclear energy. Accurate prediction of irradiated material properties and failure mechanisms depends on a fundamental understanding of the size and relative percentage of helium (He) bubbles. X-ray scattering experiments are a valuable tool to resolve the nanobubble morphology (of ~ 1011 bubbles) and crystallographic strain as a function of He implantation energy and concentration in aluminum (Al) foils. A proportional change in bubble volume fraction is observed with He concentration within the same sample, while only a slight increase in the mean bubble size is observed. Estimates of the He fraction in the bubble phase with sizes ~ 4 nm, along with the overall crystallographic strain, suggest a proportion of the total implanted He exists as small bubbles (~ 1 nm) and possibly as defects in the crystal lattice. However, the fraction of He in 4-nm nanobubbles increases significantly when the He energy is above the Coulomb barrier of Al.
Comparing Costs of Living across World Cities

This paper compares costs of living across world cities. The International Comparison Program (ICP) reports price levels across world economies in its calculation of purchasing power parity through...
Soft Dollars, Hard Choices: Reconciling US and EU Policies on Sell-Side Research

Investors use research provided by broker-dealers, also known as sell-side research, to help formulate trading ideas and strategies. Investors normally pay for sell-side research through brokerage commissions. Recent European Union regulations require some institutional investment managers to unbundle, or pay separately for research and trade execution. Unbundling might subject a U.S. broker-dealer to regulation under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, significantly affecting the broker’s business practices. The Securities and Exchange Commission provided temporary no-action relief to avoid potential conflicts between U.S. and EU law while it considers whether to engage in rulemaking on the issue. The outcome could have a substantial effect on the quality of the securities markets. This article argues that investors should have the option to bundle or unbundle payment for sell-side research without affecting the broker’s regulatory status and suggests ways to achieve that outcome.
Revisiting The School and Society

James Campbell turns our attention to another classical educational work of Dewey's, The School and Society, first published in 1899 during the period when he and a group of colleagues conducted the famous Laboratory School experiment at the University of Chicago. Campbell's essay explores four core aspects of Dewey's text. The first is the emphasis on reconstruction of and through education to advance social change. The second is the attempt to integrate the “new psychology” of the time that emphasized sociality and problem solving into educational thinking. Thirdly, The School and Society stresses the importance of in-school activities that reflect the larger life of society. Fourthly, Dewey calls for a decrease in the isolation and waste involved in traditional education by linking pupils' education with their out-of-school lives. As Campbell observes, all four issues represented basic challenges of educational reform and reconstruction at the time, and they still appear as relevant and worthy of consideration today.
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION IN WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL AND STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE

In adults with congenital heart disease, multiple studies have found high rates of anxiety and depression but there is sparse evidence regarding the effect of pregnancy on mental health. We aim to describe the rate of, and risk factors for, postpartum depression (PPD) in women with heart disease.
Recovery of ammonium and phosphate using battery deionization in a background electrolyte

Ammonium ions can be effectively removed from water using electrochemical processes such as battery electrode deionization (BDI), but previous tests have examined removal in the presence of competing ions (e.g. sodium). The recovery of NH4+ was examined here in the absence and presence of a relatively inert background electrolyte (MgCl2, 10 mM) added to only provide a conductive solution with cations that have minimal intercalation into the copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) electrodes. The capacity of the CuHCF electrodes for NH4+ in the presence of MgCl2 was nearly constant at 8.4 ± 1.4 g-NH4+/g-electrode (treated stream, 0.3 V) over a range of 10 to 100 mM NH4Cl. In addition, the energy needed to remove NH4+ was constant at 11.5, at least 20% of the anions removed were phosphate ions compared to Cl−. These results demonstrate that the capacity of the BDI electrodes is relatively independent of the NH4+ concentration, and that phosphate is not selectively removed compared to Cl−.
Robust foil regenerator flow loss and heat transfer tests under oscillating flow condition

Abstract A regenerator works as an energy storage component in a Stirling engine. Thus, it is one of the most critical components that makes the Stirling engine highly efficient. Traditionally, the regenerators are made of wire media such as woven screens and random fibers. These wire regenerators experience considerably high flow losses through the regenerator due to the flow separation and the resulting vortices. The high flow losses associated with the flow separation and vortices result in a lower engine efficiency. This research is to test a new robust foil regenerator to investigate its feasibility for free-piston Stirling engine applications. The robust foil regenerator is configured with parallel flow channels and stiffening ribs. Comparing to complex flows patterns in woven screen and random fiber regenerators, the flows in the parallel plates are simple and the flow losses are considerably small, and the heat transfer coefficient is also relatively small. To test the regenerator experimentally, a regenerator test rig was manufactured. To verify the accuracy of the test rig, a woven screen regenerator was made and tested prior to the robust foil regenerator test. The friction factor correlation of the woven screen regenerator shows a good agreement with the published regenerator correlations. The robust foil regenerator tests were conducted under the oscillating flow condition with different Reynolds numbers. The flow losses were measured with dynamic pressure transducers and the friction coefficient was derived from measured pressure drop. The measured temperature difference over the regenerator was used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. The figure of merit with two methods of NPH/NTU ratio and j/f ratio was calculated to evaluate the suitability of the robust foil regenerator. The results show that the robust foil regenerator has considerably higher figure of merit and therefore, better performance than other types of regenerator.
Abstract 1455: NANOG binds polycomb repressive complex 2 to reprogram metabolism to promote slow cycling phenotype in experimental mouse and clinical carcinoma

Pluripotency transcription factor NANOG represses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes, but activates fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to support self-renewal and drug resistance of tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs). Hepatoceullular carcinomas (HCCs: 39%) associated with HCV and alcohol have mutations in ARID1A, a component of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF. We hypothesized that NANOG binds polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to reprogram metabolism to promote slow cycling phenotype. Here, the Genome-scale CRISPR Knock-Out (GeCKO) screening with ARID1A mutation identified PRC2 complex genes (EZH2, SUZ12 and EED) in patient-derived TICs. NANOG together with the PRC2 complex inhibits OXPHOS to generate TICs with label-retaining ability and therapy resistance. NANOG binds PRC2 complex. ARID1A gene loss promotes sorafenib-resistance phenotype and self-renewal through PRC2 complex genes. ARID1A mutation promoted HCC development in humanized FRG mice with HCCs. The studies established a novel therapy to overcome the chemoresistance of TICs for HCC treatment. Citation Format: Da-Wei Yeh, Juan Carlos Hernandez, Keigo Machida. NANOG binds polycomb repressive complex 2 to reprogram metabolism to promote slow cycling phenotype in experimental mouse and clinical carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1455.
Neutron scattering measurement of crystalline-electric fields in magnesium rare-earth selenide spinels

The symmetry of local moments plays a defining role in the nature of exotic ground states stabilized in frustrated magnetic materials. We present inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements of the crystal electric field (CEF) excitations in the family of compounds $\mathrm{Mg}{R}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ $(R\ensuremath{\in}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Ho},\mathrm{Tm},\mathrm{Yb}})$. These compounds form in the spinel structure, with the rare-earth ions comprising a highly frustrated pyrochlore sublattice. Within the symmetry constraints of this lattice, we fit both the energies and intensities of observed transitions in the INS spectra to determine the most likely CEF Hamiltonian for each material and comment on the ground-state wavefunctions in the local electron picture. In this way, we experimentally confirm ${\mathrm{MgTm}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ has a nonmagnetic ground state, and ${\mathrm{MgYb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ has effective $S=\frac{1}{2}$ spins with ${g}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=5.188(79)$ and ${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=0.923(85)$. The spectrum of ${\mathrm{MgHo}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ indicates a ground-state doublet containing Ising spins with ${g}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=2.72(46)$, though low-lying CEF levels are also seen at thermally accessible energies $E=0.591(36)$, 0.945(30), and 2.88(7) meV, which can complicate interpretation. These results are used to comment on measured magnetization data of all compounds and are compared to published results on the material ${\mathrm{MgEr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$.
Novel ß-Lactamase Inhibitors: New Weapons in the Arms Race against Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat in the treatment of infectious diseases. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms, in particular, have become progressively difficult to manage, due to the increasing diversity and widespread prevalence of β-lactamase enzymes. Novel β-lactamase inhibitors with expanded activity against such enzymes represent a promising strategy to combat Gram-negative resistance. This review discusses the classification of β-lactamases and the history of β-lactamase inhibitor development with a focus on three novel β-lactamase inhibitors—avibactam, relebactam, and vaborbactam—now FDA approved in combination β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor products available for clinical use, including their spectrums of inhibition, mechanisms of action, place in therapy, and evidence for use.
The role of procalcitonin in identifying high-risk cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: A useful alternative to the multinational association for supportive care in cancer score.

BACKGROUND The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index has been utilized to determine the risk for poor clinical outcomes in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) in an emergency center (EC). However, this index comprises subjective elements and elaborated metrics limiting its use in ECs. We sought to determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) level (biomarker of bacterial infection) with or without lactate level (marker of inadequate tissue perfusion) offers a potential alternative to MASSC score in predicting the outcomes of patients with FN presenting to an EC. METHODS We retrospectively identified 550 cancer patients with FN who presented to our EC between April 2018, and April 2019, and had serum PCT and lactate levels measured. RESULTS Compared with patients with PCT levels 2.2 mmol/L were more likely to be admitted and have an LOS >7 days, BSI, and 14-day mortality than patients with lower levels. PCT level was a significantly better predictor of BSI than MASSC score (p = 0.003) or lactate level (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Procalcitonin level is superior to MASCC index in predicting BSI. The combination of PCT and lactate levels is a good predictor of BSI, hospital admission, and 14-day mortality and could be useful in identifying high-risk FN patients who require hospital admission.
Flow patterns and heat transfer mechanisms during flow boiling over open microchannels in tapered manifold (OMM)

Abstract The ever increasing demand of high heat removal from compact form factor devices has generated considerable interest in advanced thermal management techniques. Flow boiling in microchannels has the ability to provide high heat dissipation due to the utilization of the latent heat of vaporization, while maintaining a uniform coolant temperature. Recently, a number of studies have introduced variable flow cross-sectional area to augment the thermal performance of microchannels. The open microchannel with manifold (OMM) configuration provides stable high heat transfer performance with very low pressure drop. In the current work, high speed images are obtained to gain an insight into the nucleating bubble behavior and flow patterns at high heat fluxes including critical heat flux (CHF). The flow patterns are plotted as a function of superficial gas and liquid velocity. The resulting map indicates significant departure from the earlier work on macroscale tubes and confined microchannels. A mechanistic description of the heat transfer mechanism is also presented and the underlying differences between flow boiling in closed microchannels and open microchannels with tapered manifold configuration are highlighted. Furthermore, bubble ebullition cycle in pool boiling is compared with the tapered geometry utilizing plain and microchannel surfaces.
Social Media Involvement Among College Students and General Population: Implications to Media Management

Social media have been becoming one of the hottest topics in the recent years and various media incorporate social media to drive traffic and build customer relationships. This book chapter introduces a new concept—social media involvement—and applied it to our research. Social media involvement refers to the extent to which people indulge in social media. And then, by employing an audience survey in Northwest Ohio, we examined which demographic characteristics can predict social media involvement among college students and general population and compared and contrast the difference in social media content consumption behavior between college students and general population. In addition, we analyzed the media content topic preference in audience with different SNS involvement; and how SNS involvement affect people’s online media use.
Coherent X-Ray Imaging for Corrosion Evaluation: A Preliminary Assessment

Corrosion products sometimes complicate the task of measuring metal loss. For example, in layered joints in aircraft, the products of corrosion usually remain trapped between layers. Their presence interferes with ultrasonic and x-ray measurements. Recently, Compton backscatter tomography has been suggested as a means of measuring the amount of metal loss resulting from corrosion. This x-ray method is appealing in that it is one-sided. However, no successful results seem to be yet reported. Suggested reasons for this have included long counting times [1] and poor contrast between metal and corrosion products [2]. Both these problems are related to the high resolution required.