cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training family medicine residents to practice collaboratively with psychology trainees.

Objective: This article will describe a training curriculum for family medicine residents to practice collaboratively with psychology (doctoral) trainees at the Wayne State University/Crittenton Family Medicine Residency program. Methods: The collaborative care curriculum involves a series of patient care and educational activities that require collaboration between family medicine residents and psychology trainees. Activities include: 1) clinic huddle, 2) shadowing, 3) pull-ins and warm handoffs, 4) co-counseling, 5) shared precepting, 6) feedback from psychology trainees to family medicine residents regarding consults, brief interventions, and psychological testing, 7) lectures, 8) video-observation and
Source of parental reports of child height and weight during phone interviews and influence on obesity prevalence estimates among children aged 3-17 years.

Objective.We compared parental reports of children's height and weight when the values were estimated vs parent-measured to determine how these reports influence the estimated prevalence of childho...
Purification of Specific Chromatin Loci for Proteomic Analysis

Purification of small, native chromatin regions for proteomic identification of specifically bound proteins and histone posttranslational modifications is a powerful approach for studying mechanisms of chromosome metabolism. Here we detail a Chromatin Affinity Purification with Mass Spectrometry (ChAP-MS) approach for affinity purification of 1 kb regions of chromatin for targeted proteomic analysis. This approach utilizes quantitative, high resolution mass spectrometry to categorize proteins and histone posttranslational modifications co-enriched with the given chromatin region as either "specific" to the targeted chromatin or "nonspecific" contamination. In this way, the ChAP-MS approach can help define and redefine mechanisms of chromatin-templated activities.
Gastric Cardiac Mucosa

In the seventh edition of the Cancer Staging Manual from the American Joint Committee on Cancer published in 2010, the cardia is defined as the proximal 5 cm of the stomach. This is a gross designation that surgeons and many endoscopists use.
Modeling User Feedback in Dynamic Search and Browsing

Nowadays searching for complicated information needs becomes more and more common. These complicated needs usually require the users to reform different queries and conduct multiple retrievals in a search session. There are a lot of technologies are developed to help session searches. Riccho, pseudo relevance feedback, and etc. can help finding relevant documents. xQuAD, RxQuAD, and etc. can help the user to explore. However none of these approaches alone works well in session searches, because they don't treat a search session as a whole. They can't answer questions like when to explore and when to exploit. In this work, we model session searches as Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP). We model user's implicit feedbacks, such as query reformulation and user clickthrough data into the POMDP framework. Further we extend the forms of user feedbacks. We implement a new search interface which allows us to capture more explicit feedbacks from users, such as passage level relevance judgments, irrelevant judgments, duplicate judgment, and etc. We propose algorithms to effectively model these feedback signals into the POMDP framework and improve session search performance. Our algorithm is able to automatically balance users' needs of exploration and exploitation.
Comparison of TR Band™ and VasoStat™ Hemostasis Devices following Transpedal Catheterization for Lower Extremity Revascularization for Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Background Transpedal access is increasingly utilized for peripheral vascular catheterization. There is a paucity of data on the use of radial hemostasis devices as an alternative to manual compression for achievement of hemostasis after this approach. Objective To compare safety and efficacy of two hemostasis devices following transpedal catheterization for lower extremity revascularization for peripheral arterial disease. Methods A consecutive cohort of patients with bilateral Rutherford 2-5 disease who underwent transpedal catheterization for peripheral vascular interventions were retrospectively analyzed. In each patient, retrograde tibial artery access was obtained, a 4 French sheath was placed, and all revascularization was performed via tibial access. In all patients, a TR Band™ (Terumo Medical, n = 215) and/or VasoStat™ (Forge Medical, n = 99) were used to apply puncture site compression, following removal of the tibial sheath until hemostasis was achieved. Safety and efficacy of each device was compared. Results Puncture site hemostasis was achieved in all patients within 2 hours of sheath removal facilitating early discharge. Two access site pseudoaneurysms occurred within 30 days of revascularization, one of which followed TR Band™ placement and the other following VasoStat™ placement (P = 0.53). Each patient was successfully treated with ultrasound-guided thrombin injection. Loss of access site patency by duplex ultrasound occurred in 2 patients following the TR Band™ and a single patient following the VasoStat™ (P = 1.0). Conclusion Both the TR Band™ and the VasoStat™ were effective in achieving hemostasis following transpedal catheterization with low rates of complications.
Splitting varieties for cup products with Z/3-coefficients

Abstract We connect Veronese embeddings to splitting varieties of cup products. We then give an algorithm for constructing splitting varieties for cup products with Z / n coefficients, with an explicit calculation for n = 3 . An application to the automatic realization of Galois groups is given.
In the Shadow of the Gun: The Black Panther Party, the Ninth Amendment, and Discourses of Self-Defense

In this Book Chapter, the Author evaluates the legal basis of the revolutionary struggle of the Black Panthers, a revolutionary black nationalist party, and explains how they utilized and critiqued the language of the Constitution and the Ninth Amendment, including in relationship to self-defense.
Thrombophilias and Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

Venous thrombosis can be divided into two groups: hereditary and acquired thrombophilias. In this chapter, we first introduce the inherited thrombophilias, including Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and protein S and C deficiency. Then we discuss the acquired thrombophilic states, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, antiphospholipid syndrome, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. We finalize the discussion with the most common presentation of venous thrombosis: deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Abstract 3608: Prostaglandin E-2 promotes resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells

Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based DNA crosslinking agent, has been used successfully as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, long-term treatment with oxaliplatin results in resistance in nearly all patients, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Previous studies have shown that treatment of CRC cells with selective inhibitors of the enzyme Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) leads to the development of drug resistance. One of the terminal products of the COX-2 pathway, prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2), is a pro-inflammatory lipid that has been implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis; however, it is unknown whether PGE2 plays a role in the development of drug resistance. In this study, we have begun to investigate the relationship between PGE2 and oxaliplatin resistance using the human CRC cell lines, HT29 and HCT116. Oxaliplatin-resistant HT29 cells (HT29-OXR) were generated by continuous exposure of parental HT29 cells to increasing concentrations of oxaliplatin over a period of 3 months. We have found that HT29-OXR cells produce significantly higher levels of PGE2 (3-fold increase, p Citation Format: Huakang Huang, Daniel W. Rosenberg. Prostaglandin E-2 promotes resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3608. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3608
Gender Identity in a Second Language: The Use of First Person Pronouns by Male Learners of Japanese.

ABSTRACTThis is a qualitative sociocultural study examining how five advanced-level learners of Japanese from the United States use gendered first person pronouns to negotiate their identities. Japanese does not have a ubiquitous pronoun such as English I. Instead, the language contains forms that are marked for formality and gender, including watashi (formal/feminine), ore (informal/masculine) and boku (neutral/boyish). We collected recordings of the learners speaking with four different native-speaker interlocutors (female friend, male friend, female stranger, male stranger) and conducted retrospective interviews. The analysis shows that these learners were actively involved in choosing pronouns that indexed their identities as men, although these masculine identities were not always ratified by their Japanese interlocutors. One reason for this was that the male identities expressed by the learners were at times closer to American than to Japanese masculinities. Learners also used pronouns as a resource...
The Increasing Irrelevance of Trade Diversion

Summary This paper is intended as a guide for policymakers considering new regional trade agreements. The data provided here show that only about a quarter of imports are potentially subject to trade diversion from new agreements (i.e. they come from countries outside of regional trading blocs and in industries with positive most-favored nation tariffs). Since this percentage is steadily declining with the increasing number of regional trade agreements and the falling level of tariffs, trade diversion is becoming increasingly irrelevant as a concern for new trade deals. The paper also estimates how each potential new bilateral free trade agreement would affect a country's imports and exports, as well as whether the increased imports would replace domestic production, imports from other RTA partners, or imports from non-RTA partners. In this way, the estimates are able to shed light on which countries make the best partners for new regional trade agreements. Finally, the paper provides estimates of the trade effects for two large potential new regional agreements: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
Effects of rearview cameras and rear parking sensors on police-reported backing crashes.

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of rearview cameras, rear parking sensors, and both systems combined in preventing police-reported backing crashes.Methods: Negative binomial regression was used to compare rates of police-reported backing crash involvements per insured vehicle year in 22 U.S. states during 2009–2014 between passenger vehicle models with backing technologies and the same vehicle models where the optional systems were not purchased, controlling for other factors affecting crash risk. Rearview cameras were examined from four automakers, rear parking sensors from 2 automakers, and both systems combined from a single automaker.Results: Rearview cameras reduced backing crash involvement rates by 17%. Reductions were larger for drivers 70 and older (36%) than for drivers younger than 70 (16%); however, estimates for older and younger drivers did not differ significantly from one another. The Buick Lucerne's rear parking sensor system reduced backing...
Signature stability in laser Doppler vibrometry

Speckle can complicate signal acquisition in coherent laser systems such as Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV). Variations in the speckle pattern at the reliever due to fluctuations in the system such as beam pointing can lead to impulsive events in the signature. The beam size at the object has a direct influence on the size of the speckle at the receiving aperture. Increasing the beam spot size reduces the average speckle size, but also decreases the strength of the signal coupled with the local oscillator in the LDV. In this paper, we derive the relationship between scattering spot size at the object and average speckle size at the receiver. Theory is presented on how increasing the beam diameter at the object can reduce the fluctuations of the heterodyned signal coupled with the Local Oscillator (LO). The Antenna theorem is presented to show the tradeoff between angular field of view and capture area. We show experimental results on the effects of speckle size and decreasing signal strength have on the stability of an LDV signature. We use a kurtosis metric previously reported in the literature to assess the stability and quality of the return signature.
A Novel Approach to Assessing Professionalism in Preclinical Medical Students Using Multisource Feedback Through Paired Self- and Peer Evaluations.

ABSTRACTPhenomenon: Professionalism is integral to the role of the physician. Most professionalism assessments in medical training are delayed until clinical rotations where multisource feedback is available. This leaves a gap in student assessment portfolios and potentially delays professional development. Approach: A total of 246 second-year medical students (2013–2015) completed self- and peer assessments of professional behaviors in 2 courses following a series of Team-Based Learning exercises. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the alignment or misalignment in the relationship between the 2 types of assessments. Four subgroups were formed based on observed patterns of initial self- and peer assessment alignment or misalignment, and subgroup membership stability over time was assessed. A missing data analysis examined differences between average peer assessment scores as a function of selective nonparticipation. Findings: Spearman correlation demonstrated moderate to strong corre...
Nitrogen Content of Helleri Holly as Influenced by Ambient Temperature and Nitrogen Fertilization Rate

Rooted cuttings of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ were grown at 3 day/night temperature regimes 18°/14°, 14°/10° and 10°/6°C (64°/57°, 57°/50° and 50°/43°F) and 3 N rates, 10, 20, 80 ppm in a factorial arrangement. Total plant N increased over time at progressively higher rates as both temperature and N rate increased. Nitrogen rate had a greater influence on N accumulation than temperature and based upon the increase in percent N at the various N rates, a recommendation for timing fall fertilizer application is made.
Cache-Friendly Bitmap Compression on Symmetric Multiprocessors

A worksharing model is presented to enhance parallel compression of data-intensive bitmap indices. To increase spatial locality, our approach interleaves multiple independent bitmaps in a combined file. Each file block, which fits entirely in cache, is processed by independent threads. Results show that our model significantly outperforms embarrassingly-parallel designs.
The emergence of Hispanic immigrant occupational niches: Employer preferences and the search for the subservient worker

This article examines how Hispanic immigrants are economically incorporated into Newburgh, New York, a new immigrant destination historically characterized by a weak economy, high levels of poverty and unemployment. More specifically, I examine (1) the transformation of the labor market in light of increased migration; (2) the impact Hispanic immigrant workers may have on the labor market opportunities of the native population, specifically blacks; and (3) the role of targeted employer preferences on the shifting occupational composition of the area. It might be too early to speak of complete displacement, but data point to the formation of Hispanic immigrant occupational niches in occupations that do not require high levels of educational attainment to the detriment of their black counterparts. These patterns however, need to be interpreted through the lens of social networks, labor force nonparticipation and discriminatory and exploitative employer preferences.
Lithium niobate MEMS devices and subsystems for radio frequency signal processing

This paper presents a review of the recent advances in Lithium Niobate (LiNbOa) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Several types of devices and subsystems, including resonators, transformers, filters, and delay lines are discussed, targeting the different functions that are currently sought after in radio frequency signal processing for various existing and emerging applications. Technical challenges that remain in the path of deploying these devices are also summarized with a few suggested future research directions.
Powered instrumentation and image guidance technology: State of the art

■ The introduction of endoscopes, computed tomography, and powered instrumentation has revolutionized modernday sinus surgery, and remarkable technological innovations continue to advance the field of rhinology.
Internet Use around the World: An Empirical Assessment

This paper empirically assesses the effect of the determinants of Internet use, using several samples of both developed and developing countries. Based on a sample of 23 low-income economies in 2015, we find that Internet use depends upon computer access. Using a sample of 38 lower middle-income countries we find that Internet use depends upon Internet quality and Internet affordability. Using a sample of 41 upper middle-income countries, we find that computer access and Internet affordability influence Internet use. From a sample of 45 high-income countries, we are able to show that computer access, Internet quality, and affordability do affect Internet use. Using a sample of thirty OECD countries, we find that Internet use depends upon computer access and Internet quality. When a sample of 150 developing and developed countries is used, results show that Internet use is influenced by computer access, Internet quality, Internet affordability, and Internet application.
Management Strategies for Chronic Pain

Abstract The management of chronic pain is a clinically complex and challenging task for practitioners. A strategy for chronic pain management begins with a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of different types of pain. A careful evaluation of the patient with a history and physical exam will be helpful to differentiate types of pain, identify biopsychosocial contributing factors, assess the functional and emotional burden of pain, devise a multimodal treatment plan, and develop goals of therapy. Commonly employed management strategies include physical therapy, behavioral techniques, complementary approaches, medications, interventional procedures, and neuromodulation modalities. With healthcare costs estimated at over $300 billion for chronic pain in America, it is important that we only offer patients treatment that is efficient, safe, patient centered, and produces outcomes that can be measured.
ANAEROBIC PHOSPHORYLATION DUE TO A COUPLED OXIDATION-REDUCTION BETWEEN α-KETOGLUTARIC ACID AND OXALACETIC ACID

Ochoa’s earlier demonstration (2) that reaction (2) results in the formation of several high energy phosphate bonds, it was suggested that the stimulating effect of reaction (2) on reaction (1) might be by way of the creation of these phosphate bonds. The observation that cr-ketoglutarate showed the same stimulating effect on reaction (1) under anaerobic conditions came as a surprise. However, it was soon apparent that this stimulating effect could be reduced to the same basis as under aerobic conditions if one assumed that a-ketoglutarate was oxidized to succinate according to reac-
"CAM" Education in Medical Schools-A Critical Opportunity Missed.

Presenting CAM methods in medical schools without critical evaluation is squandering a rich educational opportunity to discuss critical thinking skills, scientific evidence, the history of medicine, and ethics.
Retrospect and Guidelines

The main topic of this book has been natural resource harvesters’ subjective reasons for complying with or violating governmental regulations. Why and under what conditions are formal resource regulations complied with, and when are they violated? Most of the literature on this issue has focused on fisheries. Until recently, both theoretical developments and empirical research within this field were to a great extent based on rational choice theory as represented by neoclassical economics. Most of the data in this literature has come from statistical surveys, focusing on legally-oriented variables such as risk of detection, prosecution, conviction, and the level of formal punishment. Individual calculations of utility have been considered a major factor. On the other hand, there is a large body of literature on the general issue of crime and law-abidingness. This research has concluded unambiguously that morality and informal social control are major factors which explain compliance and non-compliance. Legal factors seem to have a limited effect.
Intraoperative Imaging with Second Window Indocyanine Green for Head and Neck Lesions and Regional Metastasis

While optical imaging with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye has been used in oncologic surgery, its use in the head and neck has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using NIR to visualize primary tumor and regional metastasis in head and neck malignancy. Patients undergoing resection of primary head and neck tumors were included in this pilot study. Each patient was injected with indocyanine green dye (ICG) the day prior to surgery. The VisionSense Iridium camera system was used to visualize the primary lesion, its margins, and neck dissection specimen intraoperatively. Fourteen patients were enrolled. Eighty-six percent of primary tumors showed fluorescence as compared with surrounding tissues. ICG positivity showed 100% sensitivity for pathologic nodes in 7 neck dissection specimens; however, for 3 patients, nonpathologic nodes also showed ICG positivity. NIR imaging with ICG dye can be considered for intraoperative imaging of head and neck lesions.
Impact of comorbidities on overall survival of high-risk and advanced melanoma.

8536 Background: Comorbidities have been shown to adversely affect survival among patients with cancer. Currently, the most important prognostic factor in patients with melanoma is AJCC stage. Howe...
Tuning of LANSCE 805-MHz high-energy linear accelerator with reduced beam losses

Abstract Suppression of beam losses is essential for successful operation of high-intensity linac. Historically, the values of the field amplitudes and phases of the side-coupled, 805-MHz LANSCE linac modules are maintained using a well-known delta-t tuning procedure. Transverse matching of the beam with accelerator is performed through adjustments of beam ellipses in 4D phase space with accelerator lattice using matching quadrupoles. Control of the beam-energy ramp along the length of a proton linear accelerator is required to improve tune of accelerator and decrease beam losses. Time-of-flight measurements of the H − beam energy are now being used to confirm and improve the overall control of the energy ramp along the linac. The time-of-flight method utilizes absolute measurements of beam energy using direct signals from beam at an oscilloscope, as well as the difference in RF phases measured as the beam passes installed delta-t pickup loops. A newly developed BPPM data acquisition system is used. Beam energy measurement along accelerator together with phase scans, klystrons output power control, and delta-t method, allow tuning of accelerator much more close to original design and reduce losses generated by linac. Details of the upgraded tuning procedure and results of tuning and operation are presented.
Treatment of Midlife Women with Chronic Low Back Pain—Opioids Are a Last-Resort Option

The purpose of this narrative review is to inform readers of the particular impact opioids have had on midlife women and to provide perspective on non-opioid treatment options for women with chronic low back pain. Research has shown that midlife women experience more chronic low back pain than men and other age groups of women. As a result, opioids have been particularly deleterious in this demographic group. In addition, there are no data to recommend them for long-term use, while there is a breadth of data on the negative consequences of long-term opioid use. Treatment guidelines now recommend non-pharmacologic agents as the first-line treatments, followed by non-opioid pharmacologic agents. Opioids are to be prescribed only if patients have failed non-pharmacologic and non-opioid pharmacologic agents and if the potential for benefit outweighs the potential for harms. Midlife women experience more chronic low back pain than men and other age groups of women. Opioids have resulted in particularly poor outcomes in this population, with the greatest rise in opioid overdose deaths occurring in midlife women. Treatment guidelines now place emphasis on non-pharmacologic treatments and non-opioid pharmacologic treatments first, while opioids are a last resort. More and better quality research is needed on existing non-opioid treatment options in order to establish better guidelines and to determine long-term outcomes with these therapies.
Confucian meritocracy, political legitimacy and constitutional democracy

The article will argue that neither what may be called ‘multiple legitimacies’ nor what Leigh Jenco refers to as the hybrid view of legitimacy provides substantial guidance in reconceiving legitima...
Experimental methodology: Assigning pro-social groups in the lab

Abstract Learning how to create prosocial groups in the lab will allow for the application of laboratory methods to a broader set of empirical questions. I created an experiment to test the effect of group membership on individuals’ social behavior by comparing three group assignment mechanisms: exogenous, quasi-endogenous, and endogenous. The exogenous mechanism, the standard in experimental economics, was to randomly match participants. The quasi-endogenous mechanism, following previous literature, was to group individuals based on their preferences over paintings. The endogenous mechanism was to anonymously group individuals based on membership in a campus group from which they were recruited. I tested these groups in an experiment of risky investment decisions made in conjunction with decisions to reduce risk exposure. Participants could informally share with fellow group members and/or buy insurance that reduced risk. Group type had significant effects. Exogenous groups were the least prosocial, informally sharing the least and adopting significantly more costly insurance than the other group types. These findings highlight the importance of group assignment mechanisms in the lab and suggest that the strength of those social networks can be manipulated in a predictable way.
Uptake and acceptability of a mainstreaming model of hereditary cancer multigene panel testing among patients with ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer.

To address demands for timely germline information to guide treatments, we evaluated experiences of patients with ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer with a mainstreaming genetic testing model wherein multigene panel testing was ordered by oncologists with standardized pretest patient education, and genetic counselors delivered results and post-test genetic counseling via telephone. Among 1,203 eligible patients, we conducted a prospective single-arm study to examine patient uptake and acceptability (via self-report surveys at baseline and three weeks and three months following result return) of this mainstreaming model. Only 10% of eligible patients declined participation. Among 1,054 tested participants, 10% had pathogenic variants (PV), 16% had variants of uncertain significance (VUS), and 74% had no variant identified (NV). Participants reported high initial acceptability, including high satisfaction with their testing decision. Variability over time in several outcomes existed for participants with PV or NV: those with NV experienced a temporary increase in depression (pTime < 0.001; pTime2 < 0.001), and those with PV experienced a small increase in genetic testing distress (p = 0.03). Findings suggested that result type, sex, and cancer type were also associated with outcomes including clinical depression and uncertainty. This mainstreaming model may offer a feasible approach for extending access to germline genetic information.
Virtual Assistant for Regulation-Dense Organizations

Virtual assistants have become a large part of our daily lives. There are services such as Amazon's Alexa, the Google Home, Apple's Siri and Microsoft's Cortana. All of these provide information simply through the user's voice commands. This is useful technology and makes our lives easier. However, existing virtual assistants have provided generic information, not domain-specific information. For examples, if you ask Siri a very specific question about events in your company, Siri will most likely not able to return a correct answer because it relies on a result of Google search and in many cases, Google does not know domain-specific information. To address this issue, we develop Slemp, a virtual assistant for regulation-dense organizations that possess a large quantity of specific and unique rules or guidelines. Using Slemp, users can easily feed domain-specific information and use their own virtual assistant to provide specific answers to users in their organizations. In this paper, we demonstrate the design and development of Slemp for our institute, Virginia Military Institute, and our work cannot be easily adopted by other similar organizations.
Chapter 12 Electrical Analysis of Intraepithelial Barriers

Publisher Summary Knowledge of the properties of the individual diffusion barriers within the renal tubule is essential for the description of the transport characteristics of the renal epithelium. This chapter describes the three- and four-barrier electrical equivalent circuit of the renal epithelium, experimental evaluation of the distributed equivalent circuit model in amphibian proximal tubule, application of the distributed equivalent circuit model to the Necturus gallbladder, and the effect of nonuniform interspace width in the rabbit proximal tubule. The renal tubule can be represented by a minimum of five separate diffusion barriers and five compartments. Equivalent circuit analysis has been used to examine the effect of distributed paracellular resistance on the evaluation of cell membrane resistance in epithelia. The intercellular space and lateral cell membrane were treated as a terminated electrical cable. Under certain conditions the ratio of apical to basolateral resistance (R2/R1) is always greater than the measured ratio of apical to basolateral voltage deflections (ΔV2/ΔV1). However, in leaky and moderately leaky epithelia, it is generally incorrect to assume equivalence between R2/R1 and ΔV2/ΔV1.
Studies on the mechanism of cobalamin binding to hog intrinsic factor.

Abstract Cobalamin binding to hog intrinsic factor has been studied by affinity chromatography, and the cobalt atom of the cobalamin tested was found to be no more than 5 A from the surface of the protein. A comparative study of the binding of the c carboxylic acid derivative versus the c amide at C7 of the B-pyrrole ring indicates that a change in charge at this position of the corrin ring has little effect on complex formation with intrinsic factor. Furthermore, the coordination sphere in the region of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole must be extremely hydrophobic because CNθ will not displace this base from the cobalt atom when cobalamin is bound to intrinsic factor.
Steady-State production of olefins and aromatics in high yields from methane using an integrated recycle reaction system

ABSTRACT Methane can be converted to olefins (principally ethylene) in high yields using an integrated recycle system that includes a catalyst for the oxidative coupling reaction. A membrane contactor has been used to facilitate the complexation of olefins with aqueous Ag + ions. The olefins are released from the complexes at elevated temperatures and are recovered in nearly pure form. Alternatively, the olefins may be converted to aromatics by replacing the membrane contactor with a Ga/H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. With both variations of the system, product yields greater than 70% have been obtained during continuous operation.
Abstract 2: Sodium Nitroprusside--Enhanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Facilitates Intra-arrest Cerebral Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation

Introduction: Intra-arrest cooling has been shown to improve survival and neurologic outcome in animal models. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Sodium Nitroprusside enhanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SNPeCPR) on heat exchange during surface cooling. We hypothesized that SNPeCPR would decrease the time to reach brain temperature to Methods: After 10 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, 26 animals were randomized to 3 different protocols: SNPeCPR (n=6), SNPeCPR plus epinephrine (SNP+EPI, n=10) and ACD+ITD alone (Control, n=10). All animals received surface cooling with ice bags at the initiation of CPR. SNPeCPR included ACD+ITD plus abdominal binding, 2mg of SNP every 4min, and no epinephrine during CPR. Control and SNP+EPI groups included 0.5mg of epinephrine every 4min during CPR. Defibrillation occurred after 10 minutes of CPR. After ROSC, an Arctic Sun® at maximum cooling was used on all animals. The primary endpoint was the time to reach brain temperature Results: Time to reach brain temperature of 35°C was decreased with SNPeCPR vs. Control or SNP+EPI (18 ± 6 min, 53 ± 8 min and 40 ± 9 min, respectively, p=0.03). All animals survived 2h in the SNPeCPR group and 9/10 in the two other groups. Carotid blood flow was higher during CPR in the SNPeCPR group (96 ± 16 ml/min versus 26 ± 7 and 35 ± 5 in the Control and SNP+EPI group, respectively p=0.04). There were no other differences in hemodynamic parameters. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SNPeCPR facilitates intra-CPR hypothermia, with the brain reaching target temperature (35°C) in less than half of the time of controls without impairing hemodynamics. The addition of epinephrine to SNPeCPR during CPR attenuated its effect on heat exchange.
Configuration of Transforming Deoxyribonucleic Acid During Entry into Bacillus subtilis

Strauss, Norman (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.). Configuration of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid during entry into Bacillus subtilis . J. Bacteriol. 89: 288–293. 1965.—A correlation was obtained between map distance and the length of the lag period preceding the appearance of pairs of genetic traits after the addition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to a competent culture of Bacillus subtilis . The results are taken to indicate that DNA enters competent cells in lengthwise fashion. The smallest length of transforming DNA which can participate in a recombination event, and the number of nucleotide pairs which enter the cell per unit time, have been estimated. The evidence indicates that only part of the lag period is devoted to the transport of DNA into the cell. The significance of these results with respect to the mechanism of entry of DNA into the cell is discussed.
On rapid migration and accretion within discs around supermassive black holes

Galactic nuclei should contain a cluster of stars and compact objects in the vicinity of the central supermassive black hole due to stellar evolution, minor mergers and gravitational dynamical friction. By analogy with protoplanetary migration, nuclear cluster objects (NCOs) can migrate in the accretion discs that power active galactic nuclei (AGN) by exchanging angular momentum with disc gas. Here we show that an individual NCO undergoing runaway outward migration comparable to type III protoplanetary migration can generate an accretion rate corresponding to Seyfert AGN or quasar luminosities. Multiple migrating NCOs in an AGN disc can dominate traditional viscous disc accretion, and at large disc radii, ensemble NCO migration and accretion could provide sufficient heating to prevent the gravitational instability from consuming disc gas in star formation. The magnitude and energy of the X-ray soft excess observed at ∼0.1–1 keV in Seyfert AGN could be explained by a small population of ∼102–103 accreting stellar mass black holes or a few ULXs. NCO migration and accretion in AGN discs are therefore extremely important mechanisms to add to realistic models of AGN discs.
Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells Promote Migration and Early Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer Xenografts

Background Fat grafting has become popular for repair of postsurgical/postradiation defects after head/neck cancers resection. Fat graft supplementation with adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) is proposed to improve graft viability/efficacy, although the impact of ASCs on head/neck cancer cells is unknown. Objectives To determine whether ASCs affect growth, migration, and metastasis of human head/neck cancer. Methods Human Cal-27 and SCC-4 head/neck cancer cells were co-cultured human ASCs, or treated with ASC conditioned medium (CM), and cancer cell growth/migration was assessed by MTT, cell count, and scratch/wound healing assays in vitro. Co-injection of 3 × 106 Cal-27/green fluorescent protein (GFP) cells and ASCs into the flank of NUDE mice assessed ASC effect on tumor growth/morphology. Quantitation of human chromosome 17 DNA in mouse organs assessed ASC effects on micrometastasis. Primary tumors were evaluated for markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, matrix metalloproteinases, and angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry. Results Co-culture of Cal-27 or SCC-4 cells with ASCs from 2 different donors or ASC CM had no effect on cell growth in vitro. However, ASC CM stimulated Cal-27 and SCC-4 migration. Co-injection of ASCs from 2 different donors with Cal-27 cells did not affect tumor volume at 6 weeks, but increased Cal-27 micrometastasis to the brain. Evaluation of tumors sections from 1 ASC donor co-injection revealed that ASCs were viable and well integrated with Cal-27/GFP cells. These tumors exhibited increased MMP2, MMP9, IL-8, and microvessel density. Conclusions Human ASCs did not alter growth of human head/neck cancer cells or tumor xenografts, but stimulated migration and early micrometastasis to mouse brain.
Alkyl free radical yields in the λ-ray irradiation of polythylene at 77 K

Abstract After making a careful study of the factors affecting the accuracy of G-value determinations, quenched and annealed samples of linear and extended chain polyethylenes were irradiated at 77 K and the alkyl free radical yields determined by ESR spectroscopy. The yields in the quenched samples were higher than those in the annealed.
Authenticity and integrity of digital mammographic images

Image authenticity and integrity is an important issue in a telemammography system. We present an algorithm which can embed encrypted image and patient information into an image. The embedded information can be extracted and decrypted by the receiving site to verify the patient identification and confirm image authenticity and integrity. Because of the large size of mammographic images comparing to other images, data embedding in a mammogram is relatively easier to be implemented. By analyzing the noise gray level of our digital mammography system, we know that the least-significant bits of the image are noise caused by the imaging device. So these bits can be used for data embedding. The methods include: (I) Calculate the check-sum of the image and extract patient information from DICOM header, (2) Encrypt the check-sum and patient information using public-key encryption strategy, (3) Generate a set of uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers and put the encrypted check-sum and patient information into randomly selected pixel locations. Three mammographic images are selected for our experiment. Two images are the digitized mammogram with a large breast and a small breast, and the other is the direct digital mammogram. About 500 characters of patient information and a 32 bits check-sum are embedded into each image. By comparing the original image and the embedded image from a 2k x 2k monitor, we found three embedded images of large size and small size of digitized mammogram as well as direct digital mammogram have no quality degradation. To prove the effectiveness of this method, we change the value of one pixel which is selected randomly in the embedded image. Then, we use our extraction algorithm to detect the integrity of this image. The results show we can not only extract the embedded patient information correctly, but also detect the slight difference between the original image and the altered image. Our preliminary results demonstrate that embedding extra information into an image using data hiding technology is an effective method for image integrity in telemammography.
Simulation of blast waves with tailored explosive charges

We have developed a compact and cost-effective shock tube to simulate the static and dynamic pressures of blast waves. The shock tube is open at both ends and is driven by high explosives distributed over a finite length of the tube near one end. The overall charge length is determined by the simulation time of interest, and the charge-density distribution is tailored to produce the pressure-waveform shape desired. For the shock tube to simulate a typical blast wave, the charge density must be highest at the charge front (closest to the test section) and gradually reduced towards the back. The resulting shock tube is an order of magnitude shorter than a conventional dynamic airblast simulator (DABS) in which concentrated explosives are used to drive the shock.Tailored charges designed using this method were built and tested in a simulation development programme sponsored by the U.S. Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA). The pressures measured for several charge distributions agreed very well with SRI's PUFF hydrocode computations and demonstrated the feasibility of the compact simulator under realistic test conditions.
Minireview. Phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipases C

The role of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIase C) in a) the enigmatic phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover and b) in our understanding of membrane enzyme-PI interactions is the subject matter of this article. PIase C is present in both procaryotes and eukaryotes. This enzyme is considered to be involved in the cells PI breakdown which occurs in response to several external stimuli. Recent information on the physical properties, Ca2+ requirement, cellular localization and modulation of the activity of PIase C of mammalian systems can help to evaluate the PI turnover from a new angle. Existing evidence suggests that Ca2+-dependent PI breakdown is probably mediated through the cytosolic and particulate PIase C while a Ca2+ independent pathway is catalyzed by a lysosomal enzyme. Apparently PI turnover may be operating through more than one mechanism. The association of this phenomenon with a membrane receptor event linked with "Ca2+ gating" may have to be reconsidered. Modulation of the PIase C activity by unsaturated amphiphiles or the presence of this enzyme in different physico-chemical forms could be a potential regulatory feature. Hydrolysis of membrane PI of a number of cells and tissues by the bacterial PIase C has been shown to cause substantial release of acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase in free, soluble form. Other membrane enzymes, e.g., alkaline phosphodiesterase I, L-leucyl-beta naphthyl amidase and Ca2+ or Mg2+ ATPase are not affected. These results indicate a specific interaction between PI and certain enzymes in membranes. The chemical nature of this linkage, whether it is covalent or non-covalent, has also been explored and has provided intriguing insight into this phenomenon. New findings also indicate that hydrolysis of PI by PIase C also can cause modifications in membrane-enzyme activities, e.g., adenylate cyclase.
Self-supporting tantalum nitride target foils

Abstract A method of preparing self-supporting tantalum nitride foils of high purity suitable for use as 14 N and 15 N targets in nuclear reaction experiments is described.
INERTIAL MASS FROM SPIN NONLINEARITY

The inertial mass of a Fermion shows up as chiral cross-coupling in its Dirac system. No scalar term can invariantly couple left and right chirality fields; the Dirac matrices must be spin tensors of mixed chirality. We show how such tensor couplings could arise from nonlinear mixing of four spinor fields, two representing the local electron fields and two inertial spinor fields sourced in the distant masses. We thus give a model that implements Mach's principle. Following Mendel Sachs,1 we let the inertial spinors factor the moving spacetime tetrads qα(x) and that appear in the Dirac operator. The inertial spinors do more than set the spacetime "stage;" they are players in the chiral dynamics. Specifically, we show how the massive Dirac system arises as the envelope modulation equations coupling left and right chirality electron fields on a Friedmann universe via nonlinear "spin gratings" with the inertial spinor fields. These gratings implement Penrose's "mass-scatterings," which keep the null zig-zags of the bispinor wave function confined to a timelike world tube. Local perturbations to the inertial spinor fields appear in the Dirac system as Abelian and non-Abelian vector potentials.
Sustained HIV viral suppression following treatment interruption: an observational study.

Treatment of HIV-infected patients with HAART can result in long-term suppression of viral loads to undetectable levels. Rapid virologic rebound typically follows treatment interruption (TI), with a potential for significant loss of CD4+ cells. Patients who maintain virologic suppression despite interrupting treatment have not been well described. All patients with a pretreatment viral load (VL) ≥5000 copies/ml, who had been on therapy for ≥2 weeks, and who underwent a TI lasting ≥180 days were analyzed. Patients whose maximum VL did not exceed 5000 copies/ml ≥6 months after starting TI ("nonrebounders") were compared with those whose VL exceeded 5000 copies/ml (rebounders). Seventy-one patients were included in the analysis. Nineteen (27%) were nonrebounders. Ninety-four percent of patients in each group interrupted treatment for reasons unrelated to virologic response. Median change in CD4 count during TI was not significantly different between the nonrebounder and rebounder groups (–20.5/µl vs. –64.0/µ...
Defining and managing career challenges for mid-career and senior stage pediatric hematologist/oncologists†

A workshop at the 2008 ASPHO Annual Meeting functioned as the first step in a systematic needs assessment of the particular challenges to satisfaction and success in the middle and senior phases of career development for pediatric hematologist/oncologists (PHOs). The 61 ASPHO members who attended were randomly distributed to small discussion groups based on self-identified career stage. Groups completed challenge forms for each issue identified as pertinent to their own stage of professional development. A total of 71 forms with useable data were generated by the groups. The largest number of challenges described (26) clustered around themes of Work-Life Balance followed by Transition and Succession (18), Management and Finances (15), and Keeping up to Date (13). Mid-career groups were more likely to identify Work-Life Balance challenges while senior stage groups were more likely to articulate Succession and Management challenges. The article describes the demographics of the workshop participants, summarizes the content of challenge themes and the associated suggestions for management. It is hoped that this effort will assist educational and career planning efforts by individuals, institutions, and ASPHO as a professional society.