cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of wheel speed on magnetic and mechanical properties of melt spun Fe-6.5 wt.% Si high silicon steel

Fe-Si electric steel is the most widely used soft magnetic material in electric machines and transformers. Increasing the silicon content from 3.2 wt.% to 6.5 wt.% brings about large improvement in the magnetic and electrical properties. However, 6.5 wt.% silicon steel is inherited with brittleness owing to the formation of B2 and D03 ordered phase. To obtain ductility in Fe-6.5wt.% silicon steel, the ordered phase has to be bypassed with methods like rapid cooling. In present paper, the effect of cooling rate on magnetic and mechanical properties of Fe-6.5wt.% silicon steel is studied by tuning the wheel speed during melt spinning process. The cooling rate significantly alters the ordering and microstructure, and thus the mechanical and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction data shows that D03 ordering was fully suppressed at high wheel speeds but starts to nucleate at 10m/s and below, which correlates with the increase of Young’s modulus towards low wheel speeds as tested by nanoindentation. The grain sizes of the ribbons on the wheel side decrease with increasing wheel speeds, ranging from ∼100 μm at 1m/s to ∼8 μm at 30m/s, which lead to changes in coercivity.
Case 25 Hyperlactemia

In this case, an 18-year-old male presents to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. He subsequently developed hyperlactemia during the first 8 h of his hospitalization. This chapter reviews causes of hyperlactemia, including specific discussions on propofol infusion syndrome, toxic alcohol-related hyperlactemia, clenbuterol exposure, and mitochondrial toxins.
Closed loop supply chain for glass recycling: current practices and challenges

This study investigates the current glass recycling practices through the lens of environmental economics and supply chain management. The results of this exploratory study suggest that the closed loop supply chain (CLSC) for recycled glass is highly complex and that many factors besides physical costs play a role in an organisation's decision to recycle glass. Further, despite the prevailing challenges of glass recycling, this study suggests that there are opportunities to divert used glass containers from landfills and improve the CLSC for recycled glass. These and other issues are discussed in this study as they relate to process efficiency and effectiveness in the CLSC for glass recycling.
Poster 123: First-year acupuncture treatment experience of a physiatrist.1

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for pain and spasticity due to musculosketal and neurologic conditions. Design: Retrospective chart reviews. Setting: Free-standing rehabilitation hospital. Participants: 27 consecutive inpatients over a 12-month period who were treated with acupuncture for pain, spasticity, and weakness. 16 patients had painful conditions due to musculosketal and neurologic conditions, 7 patients had spasticity due to stroke, and 4 patients had weakness due to stroke. Intervention: Acupuncture treatment by a physiatrist. Main Outcome Measure: A 1 to 10 visual analog scale to measure pain, the Ashworth Scale score to evaluate spasticity, and manual muscle testing to evaluate muscle strength. Results: All musculoskeletal patients reported a 90% reduction in pain. There was a 100% reduction in pain due to neuropathic conditions. Spasticity improved modestly by 2 points (from 4 to 2). Muscle strength improved by one-half grade. Duration and frequency of treatment was 1 to 2 times a week for 4 to 6 weeks for all patients. Conclusion: It appears that pain from peripheral neuropathy and musculoskeletal conditions responded best to acupuncture treatment. Patients with spasticity and weakness from the stroke did demonstrate some improvement for acupuncture but not as much as the pain patients did.
Rectopexy with Mesh According to the Ripstein Technique

Full-thickness external rectal prolapse is a distressing condition for both the patient and surgeon. In addition to its unsightly and at times alarming appearance, rectal prolapse may cause progressive symptoms that affect both patients’ overall medical health as well as quality of life. This is distinct from internal rectal prolapse (also known as hidden or occult intussusception) in which the prolapse contains the full thickness of the rectal wall but the intussusception does not extend beyond the anal verge. Symptoms in the latter patients range from an asymptomatic finding in up to 40% of women on defecography to overt defecation dysfunction with obstructive symptoms. In contrast, full external prolapse occurs when the rectum descends beyond the anal verge, manifesting as concentric rings of rectal mucosa to the examiner. Varying degrees exist, as the prolapse may progress from initial reduction with standing or cessation of straining, to full-thickness prolapse with even minimal activity, and finally, in certain cases, to continual prolapse.
A Game Theoretic Approach to Interference Management in Cognitive Networks

In this paper, we propose a game theoretic solution for joint channel selection and power allocation in cognitive radio networks. Our proposed algorithm enforces cooperation among nodes in an effort to reduce the overall energy consumption in the network. For designing the power control, we consider both the case in which no transmission power constraints are imposed, as well as the more practical case, in which the maximum transmission power is limited. We show that an iterative algorithm for channel scheduling and power allocation can be implemented, which converges to a pure strategy Nash equilibrium solution, i.e., a deterministic choice of channels and transmission powers for all users. Our simulation results also show that, while both channel allocation and power control can independently improve the system performance, there is a significant gain for the joint algorithm.
"Sensing" patient needs: exploring concepts of nursing insight and receptivity used in nursing assessment.

Nursing assessment utilizes skills that enable the nurse to "sense" the patient's needs and the patient's condition, and that provide a humanistic dimension to the provision of nursing care. The explanatory concepts describing these processes include intuition, emotional empathy, inference, knowing, counter transference, compathy and embodiment. In this paper these concepts are defined, and the more commonly used concepts (i.e., intuition, empathy, and inference) are compared. The underlying assumptions and characteristics are identified and the antecedents or prerequisites, mechanisms, and outcomes of each concept are explored. While some overlap and blurring of boundaries are evident, these concepts are diverse and were developed to apply to different contexts and non-nursing situations. When used alone, none is comprehensive enough to account for nurses' ability to sense patient needs. We conclude that, given the unique aspects of nursing, we must consider using innovative methods to examine this phenomenon (e.g., the use of ethology to examine intuitively perceived changes in the patient's condition), to increase efforts to explore the newer concepts (i.e., embodiment, compathy and "knowing"), and to develop new concepts or models that better represent this complex phenomenon that better fits nursing contexts and situations.
Recent Developments in AspectJ

This paper summarizes the latest developments in AspectJ, a general-purpose aspect-oriented programming (AOP) extension to Java. Some examples of aspects are shown. Based on our experience in designing language extensions for AOP, we also present a design space for AOP languages that may be of interest to the AOP community.
Unmarried Women in Japan: The drift into singlehood

Yoshida addresses the common misconceptions of single, never-married women and aims to uncover the major social and cultural factors contributing to this phenomenon in Japan. Based on interviews with married and never-married women aged 25-46, she argues that the increasing rate of female singlehood is largely due to structural barriers and a culture that has failed to keep up with economic changes. Here is an academic book that is also reader-friendly to the general audience, it presents evidence from the interview transcripts in rich detail as well as insightful analysis. Important sociological concepts and theories are also briefly explained to guide student readers in making connections. Thus, this book not only serves to enlighten readers on current issues in Japan – it also provides sociological perspectives on contemporary gender inequality.
Psychometric Properties of the Dental Activities Test: An Exploratory Factor Analysis in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment.

Objective. The Dental Activities Test (DAT) was developed to be used by dental, nursing, and other health professionals to assess the ability of persons with dementia to perform oral health-related activities and aid care planning. The instrument was designed as a unitary scale and has excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability, interrater reliability, and construct validity. This study examines the underlying factor structure of the DAT among older adults in assisted living settings. Methods. In a secondary analysis of the data from the original study, the results of testing of 90 older adults with normal to severely impaired cognition from three assisted living communities in North Carolina from March 2013 to February 2014 were studied. An exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the dimensionality of the presumed unitary assessment scale. Results. Two-factor structures were explored. A one-factor model demonstrated acceptably mixed model fit, and a two-factor model had good model fit with moderate correlation between the two factors ( , ). All the items in the one-factor model demonstrated significant factor loadings (loadings ≥ 0.39, all ), while the loadings of some items in the two-factor model (nonsignificant or cross-loadings, loadings < 0.40) did not meet the criteria of factor selection. The one-factor structure was preferred based on the criteria of Scree Plot, eigenvalue, and factor interpretability in relation to clinical relevance. Conclusions. The study provided preliminary evidence that the Dental Activities Test has a unidimensional construct among older adults with cognitive impairment. It suggested that this instrument can be used as a unitary scale to assess dental-related function in persons with dementia. Future testing, including using a confirmatory factor analysis, in a new sample is needed to further assess the usefulness and psychometric properties of this instrument.
Beyond p values: utilizing multiple methods to evaluate evidence

Null hypothesis significance testing is cited as a threat to validity and reproducibility. While many individuals suggest that we focus on altering the p value at which we deem an effect significant, we believe this suggestion is short-sighted. Alternative procedures (i.e., Bayesian analyses and observation-oriented modeling: OOM) can be more powerful and meaningful to our discipline. However, these methodologies are less frequently utilized and are rarely discussed in combination with NHST. Herein, we discuss three methodologies (NHST, Bayesian Model comparison, and OOM), then compare the possible interpretations of three analyses (ANOVA, Bayes Factor, and an Ordinal Pattern Analysis) in various data environments using a frequentist simulation study. We found that changing significance thresholds had little effect on conclusions. Furthermore, we suggest that evaluating multiple estimates as evidence of an effect allows for more robust and nuanced interpretations of results and implies the need to redefine evidentiary value and reporting practices.
Childhood adiposity and adolescent sex steroids in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children study.

OBJECTIVE It is unclear how childhood adipose tissue deposition influences sex hormone profiles in later adolescence. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Children (n = 418) with a mean age of 10.5 (1.5) years at visit 1 and 16.7 (1.2) at visit 2 in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children (EPOCH) Study. MEASUREMENTS We used reverse-scale Cox proportional hazard models to assess associations between pubertal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (T), and oestradiol (E2) and childhood-to-puberty rate of change in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Models stratified by sex and adjusted for childhood adiposity, maternal factors, birthweight and pubertal onset, and then further adjusted for insulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), leptin and hepatic fat fraction. RESULTS Among boys, more rapid accumulation of either VAT or SAT was associated with lower testosterone at visit 2 (HR 0.86, and .96, respectively, both P < .0001), independently of race/ethnicity, LH, leptin and hepatic fat fraction. Among boys, more childhood VAT was associated with lower testosterone in adolescence (HR 0.98, P = .003), but this association did not persist after adjustment for leptin or insulin. No associations were observed between either fat measure and oestradiol or DHEA in boys. In girls, no associations between childhood fat or fat accumulation and sex hormones were observed. CONCLUSIONS More rapid accumulation of fat is associated with lower testosterone in boys. These associations suggest that fat growth influences androgen profiles in adolescent boys. Since fat accumulation is a modifiable risk factor, the study results provide a possible intervention target and time period for improving adult health.
Pre- and post-transplant bacterial infections in liver transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Early (<1 month) bacterial infection after liver transplant is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among liver transplant recipients. We investigated the impact of pre-transplant bacterial infection on early post-transplant bacterial infection incidence and outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study identified all patients who underwent liver transplantation between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, at a single tertiary center in the United States. Infections occurring within the 30 days prior to transplant and within the 30 following transplant were identified. Information regarding pre-transplant morbidity and post-transplant outcomes was collected. RESULTS One-hundred seventy-four patients were included in the study. Forty patients (23%) experienced a total of 50 pre-transplant infections. Fifty-two (30%) developed a total of 62 post-transplant infections. Patients with a pre-transplant infection were more likely to develop a post-transplant infection compared to patients without a pre-transplant infection (48% [19 of 40] vs. 25% [33 of 134], respectively, P = .006). Patients with a pre-transplant infection had a longer mean post-transplant length of stay compared to those without a pre-transplant infection (16.3 days vs. 10.4 days, respectively, P < .001), but survival at 30 days was similar in both groups (95% [38 of 40] vs. 97% [130 of 134, respectively, P = .56). CONCLUSIONS Among liver transplant recipients, pre-transplant infection is an important risk factor for early post-transplant bacterial infections. Pre-transplant infection is associated with increased early morbidity but not mortality after transplant.
Assessment of Hospital Readmission Rates, Risk Factors, and Causes After Cardiac Arrest: Analysis of the US Nationwide Readmissions Database

This cohort study investigates the rate, timing, and causes of hospital readmission after cardiac arrest and the risk factors associated with readmission.
Charitable Tax Reform For the 21st Century

The article identifies two goals of the charitable giving tax incentives: promoting actual charitable work and fostering a strong culture of charitable giving with broad participation. The recent increase to the standard deduction and the rise of donor-advised funds compromise both goals. The article outlines reform proposals to bolster the charitable sector, including expanding the giving incentive to all taxpayers in the form of a credit (subject to a giving floor), allowing some tax benefits to DAF donors upon contribution but delaying the income tax deduction until DAF funds are released from advisory privileges, closing loopholes that enable foundations and donors to skirt long-standing legal requirement, and modifying incentives to foundations to foster more spending.
Extending a broadly applicable measure of risk perception: the case for susceptibility

Many empirical studies that inform research, policy and practice surrounding hazards and risk and concerned with how members of the public perceive risk. However, these studies often assess perceiv...
Development of the Marble experimental platform at the National Ignition Facility

The Marble experimental platform at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) was developed to quantify the influence of heterogeneous mix on fusion burn. The platform utilizes a plastic capsule filled with a deuterated plastic foam of controlled coarseness, with tritium gas filling the voids in the foam. The capsule implosion is driven with x rays generated in an NIF Hohlraum in which the time-dependent symmetry of the implosion can be controlled via dynamic beam phasing. Importantly, the Hohlraum drive conditions can be understood via integrated 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, and capsule implosions can be reliably calculated. After several years of development and experimentation, the NIF Marble platform has become successful and has produced important experimental results. The experimental results, which will be presented in a future publication by the LANL Marble team, provide the first definitive examination of the influence of heterogeneous mix on thermonuclear burn.
A note on some new Hermite--Hadamard type inequalities for functions whose $n$th derivatives are strongly $eta$-convex

In this paper, we establish some new variants of the Hermite--Hadamard integral type inequalities for functions whose $n$th derivatives in absolute values at certain powers are strongly $eta$-convex.
Effects of 0.5 °C less global warming on climate extremes in the contiguous United States

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests limiting global warming to 1.5 °C compared to 2 °C would avoid dangerous impacts of anthropogenic climate change and ensure a more sustainable society. As the vulnerability to global warming is regionally dependent, this study assesses the effects of 0.5 °C less global warming on climate extremes in the United States. Eight climate extreme indices are calculated based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—phase 5 (CMIP5), and North American—Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (NA-CORDEX) with and without bias correction. We evaluate the projected changes in temperature and precipitation extremes, and examine their differences between the 1.5 and 2 °C warming targets. Under a warming climate, both CMIP5 and NA-CORDEX show intensified heat extremes and reduced cold extremes across the country, intensified and more frequent heavy precipitation in large areas of the North, prolonged dry spells in some regions of the West, South, and Midwest, and more frequent drought events in the West. Results suggest that the 0.5 °C less global warming would avoid the intensification of climate extremes by 32–46% (35–42%) for heat extremes intensity (frequency) across the country and, by 23–41% for heavy precipitation intensity in the North, South, and Southeast. The changes in annual heavy precipitation intensity are mainly contributed by winter and spring. However, impacts of the limited warming on the frequency of heavy precipitation, dry spell, and drought frequency are only evident in a few regions. Although uncertainties are found among the climate models and emission scenarios, our results highlight the benefits of limiting warming at 1.5 °C in order to reduce the risks of climate extremes associated with global warming.
Upper stratospheric ClO and HOCl trends (2005–2020): Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and model results

Abstract. We analyze Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) monthly zonal mean time series of ClO and HOCl between 50° S and 50° N to estimate upper stratospheric trends in these chlorine species from 2005 through 2020. We compare these observations to those from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6), run under the specified dynamics configuration. The model sampling follows the MLS coverage in space and local time. We use version 5 MLS ClO zonal mean daytime profiles and similarly binned daytime ClO model profiles from 32 to 1.5 hPa. For MLS HOCl, we use the version 5 offline product derived from daily zonal mean radiances rather than averaged Level 2 profiles; MLS HOCl is scientifically useful between 10 and 2 hPa, and the HOCl monthly zonal means are separated into day and night for comparison to WACCM6. We find good agreement (mostly within ~10 %) between the climatological MLS ClO daytime distributions and the model ClO climatology for 2005–2020. The model HOCl climatology, however, underestimates the MLS HOCl climatology by about 30 %. This could well be caused by a combination of fairly large systematic uncertainties in both the model-assumed rate constant for the formation of HOCl and the MLS HOCl retrievals themselves. The model daytime ClO trends versus latitude and pressure agree quite well with those from MLS. MLS-derived near-global upper stratospheric daytime trends between 7 and 2 hPa are −0.73 ± 0.40 % yr−1 for ClO and –0.39 ± 0.35 % yr−1 for HOCl, with 2σ uncertainty estimates used here. The corresponding model decreases are somewhat faster than observed (although the difference is not statistically significant), with trend values of –0.85 ± 0.45 % yr−1 for ClO and –0.64 ± 0.37 % yr−1 for HOCl. Both data and model results point to a faster trend in ClO than in HOCl. The MLS ClO trends are consistent with past estimates of upper stratospheric ClO trends from satellite and ground-based microwave data. As discussed in the past, trends in other species (in particular, positive trends in CH4 and H2O) can lead to a ClO decrease that is faster than the decrease in total inorganic chlorine. Regarding trends in HOCl, positive trends in HO2 can lead to a faster rate of formation for HOCl as a function of time, which partially offsets the decreasing trend in active chlorine. The decreasing trends in upper stratospheric ClO and HOCl provide additional confirmation of the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, which have led to the early stages of an expected long-term ozone recovery from the effects of ozone-depleting substances.
The Effects of Race and Marital Status on Child Support and Work Effort

L'A. affirme que la situation economique des enfants tend a se degrader aux Etats-Unis principalement ceux qui sont membre d'une famille monoparentale ou d'une famille dont la mere a la charge totale. Il porte son attention sur les politiques sociales mises en place pour pallier cette situation. Il s'efforce d'evaluer le role et l'impact des mesures prises en ce domaine. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees en 1978, 1983, 1988 et 1991. Il examine la part representee par l'aide sociale au sein du revenu des familles beneficiaires. Il analyse le role de plusieurs facteurs, en cette affaire, comme l'appartenance ethnique et le statut marital
The (Cloudy) Future of Class Actions

This article explores the tensions revealed by contemporary debates over the class-action practice that has emerged from Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as it was amended in 1966. The basic theory of class representation is explored and found inadequate. Reactions to proposed amendments published for comment in 1996 underscore the practical ways in which the lack of clear theory exacerbates evaluation of present practice and attempts to improve it.
Eprescribing Initiatives and Knowledge Acquisition in Ambulatory Care

Electronic prescribing [eprescribing] is where prescriptions are generated through an automated data-entry process utilizing special software and a network linked to pharmacies. National and state initiatives are intended but are not yet very effective in educating and encouraging healthcare providers to use eprescribing. This study included interviews with 102 healthcare providers from 52 locations (California, Indiana, New Hampshire, and Ohio) to determine the providers' knowledge of eprescribing initiatives as well as how they acquired knowledge about these systems. Providers in New Hampshire had the most knowledge of eprescribing systems and their state initiative. Among nonusers, only two facilities were familiar with the national initiatives. Nonusers comprised 71% of the interviews. Eprescribing information was acquired through journals, conferences, pharmacies, other providers and in some cases when receiving care as a patient.
The Fractured Community: Landscapes of Power and Gender in Rural Zambia

The Fractured Community: Landscapes of Power and Gender in Rural Zambia. Kate Crehan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.258 pp.
Melantonin for the treatment of advanced sleep phase disorder.

I HAVE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW THE EXCELLENT PUBLICATION ENTITLED, “PRACTICE PARAMETERS FOR THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders” by the Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.1 All of the recommendations are strongly evidence based, with the exception of the indication (option) of the use of melatonin for the treatment of advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD). In the evidence-based review by Sack et al2 the authors state, “There are no systematic reports of melatonin administration for ASPD, but consideration of the melatonin PRC provides a rationale for low dose administration after early morning awakenings and upon final arising in the morning.” I agree that theoretically administering melatonin in the morning may be of value for delaying circadian rhythms in patients with ASPD. However, to my knowledge, there are no published studies or even case reports on its effectiveness in patients with ASPD. Furthermore, the safety of taking this potentially sleep promoting agent in the morning has not been studied, and may be associated with adverse effects, particularly in the elderly who are more likely to suffer from ASPD. In the review by Sack et al, they also conclude that “There are insufficient data to assess the safety and efficacy of timed melatonin administration in the treatment of ASPD.” Therefore, the available evidence does not support melatonin as an indication for the clinical management of ASPD. The scientific basis for its use needs to be tested in patients. Clearly, this is an area that calls for further research.
Database Processing Models in Parallel Processing Systems

This paper investigates database processing in parallel processing systems. The objective is to maximize throughput and minimize response time through conflict free data accesses. We propose abstract models as a general framework, and then present two specific parallel processing strategies for two common types of database applications. One is optimal file distribution for partial match queries, and the other is a multidirectory hasing scheme where database accesses are based on primary keys. We show that these proposed parallel processing strategies perform better than those proposed earlier. This work presents a new basis on which design of parallel processing database systems for various applications can be facilitated more systematically.
O “narrador de máquina falante”: Cal Stewart e a remediação da contação de histórias

Apresento neste artigo uma exploracao preliminar de um exemplo historico daquilo que denomino remediar o estrelato, processo por meio do qual um performer com qualidades de estrelato no milieu da comunidade de copresenca torna-se um recurso para o estrelato no mundo midiatico de massa da reproducao mecânica. Concentro-me na carreira performatica de Cal Stewart, uma das primeiras estrelas das gravacoes comerciais de audio nos Estados Unidos, que se modelou como “o narrador de maquina falante”. A recontextualizacao da forma de uma performance de uma midia para outra envolve transformacoes tanto formais quanto praticas, conforme os performers adaptam formas e praticas comunicativas aos recursos (affordances), estruturas participantes, modalidades sensoriais, e outras caracteristicas constitutivas de uma nova midia. Esses fatores, por sua vez, terao uma influencia modeladora no processo de construcao simbolica por meio do qual o estrelato em uma midia e utilizado na criacao do estrelato em outra midia.
A general strategy to determine geometrically valid contact formations from possible contact primitives

A general strategy is presented to determine the geometrically valid contact formations (CFs) from a given set S/sub pc/ of possible principal contacts (PCs) between two arbitrary polygonal objects in the presence of location uncertainties. For any (non-empty) subset of S/sub pc/, the strategy tests if the PCs in the set form a possible CB by analyzing the geometrical contact constraints. The obtained set of geometrically valid CFs can serve as input to a verifier based on force sensing which will identify the actual CF occurred. Our analyses of contact constraints are complete and general. The results demonstrate that despite uncertainties in object locations, if two or more PCs are formed between two objects, their relative location in many cases is fixed or can take up to only 4 solutions. In such cases, we can accurately identify a valid CF. From a different perspective, these results could also be useful in grasp planning. Our future work includes taking into account modeling uncertainties of objects and extending this method to three-dimensional objects.
Survey of the use of corticosteroids among neonatal intensive care units for the prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective To survey neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) at academic medical centers to determine the current use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids for the prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods A survey was developed to evaluate aspects of systemic and inhaled corticosteroid use in neonates. Eighty academic medical centers with neonatal/perinatal medicine fellowship programs were surveyed. Neonatology fellows or NICU clinical pharmacists with direct patient care activities responded via telephone, fax or e-mail. Results Fifty-three institutions responded to the survey (66.3% response rate). Twenty-nine percent of respondents (n = 15) use corticosteroids for prevention of BPD. Systemic corticosteroids are used by 6% of respondents (n = 3) and inhaled corticosteroids are used by 14% of respondents (n = 7) for prevention. Ten percent of respondents (n = 5) use either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids for prevention. Eighty-eight percent of respondents (n = 45) use corticosteroids for treatment of BPD. Systemic corticosteroids are used by 10% of respondents (n = 5) and inhaled corticosteroids are used by 10% of respondents (n = 5) for treatment. Sixty-nine percent of respondents (n = 35) use either systemic or inhaled corticosteroids for treatment. There was a wide variability in drug, dose, titration, taper, administration, and duration of therapy reported. Conclusions These results indicate that systemic and inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used by practitioners for the prevention or treatment of BPD despite a recommendation against the routine use of systemic corticosteroids by the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) Committee on Fetus and Newborn and the Canadian Paediatric Society's Fetus and Newborn Committee from February 2002.
Manifestations of Symmetry Breaking in Self-consistent Field Electronic Structure Calculations

Studies of symmetry-breaking are reported for self-consistent field wave functions applied to three homonuclear diatomics: F2+, O2+, and Cr2. The results complement and extend existing reports on symmetry-breaking in three main ways. Two of these aspects concern manifestations of symmetry-breaking. First, calculations are reported that show energies at long interatomic separations which are lower than the sum of the atomic limits. This artifactual behavior, observed both with Hartree−Fock and Kohn−Sham density functional theory, appears to be largely associated with insufficiently flexible atomic orbital basis sets. Second, potential curves with spurious maxima and minima are found, associated with changes in spin-coupling. The third and final aspect, concerns the origin of symmetry-breaking. It is argued that the simplest way to understand symmetry breaking is as a consequence of the incorrect asymptotic behavior of limited wave functions at long interatomic distances.
Towards improving subspace data analysis

In this paper, we present continuous research on data analysis based on our previous work on cluster-outlier iterative detection approach in subspace. Based on the observation that, for noisy data sets, clusters and outliers can not be processed efficiently when they are handled separately from each other, we proposed a cluster-outlier iterative detection algorithm in full data space in our previous work [22]. Due to the fact that the real data sets normally have high dimensionality, and natural clusters and outliers do not exist in the full data space, we proposed an algorithm (SubCOID) to detect clusters and outliers in subspace [21]. However, it is not a trivial task to associate each cluster and each outlier with different subsets of dimensions. In this paper, we present the improved SubCOID algorithm, applying some novel approach to choosing a unique subset of dimensions for each cluster and each outlier. The selection is based on the intra-relationship within clusters, the intra-relationship within outliers, and the inter-relationship between clusters and outliers. This process is performed iteratively until a certain termination condition is reached. This data processing algorithm can be applied in many fields such as pattern recognition, data clustering and signal processing.
Oligonucleotide-coated metallic nanoparticles as a flexible platform for molecular imaging agents.

Targeted metallic nanoparticles have shown promise as contrast agents for molecular imaging. To obtain molecular specificity, the nanoparticle surface must be appropriately functionalized with probe molecules that will bind to biomarkers of interest. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a flexible approach to generate molecular imaging agents based on gold nanoparticles conjugated to a diverse range of probe molecules. We present two complementary oligonucleotide-based approaches to develop gold nanoparticle contrast agents which can be functionalized with a variety of biomolecules ranging from small molecules, to peptides, to antibodies. The size, biocompatibility, and protein concentration per nanoparticle are characterized for the two oligonucleotide-based approaches; the results are compared to contrast agents prepared using adsorption of proteins on gold nanoparticles by electrostatic interaction. Contrast agents prepared from oligonucleotide-functionalized nanoparticles are signific...
Prenatal diagnosis and eugenic ideology

Abstract The new techniques of prenatal diagnosis confront women with choices that are constrained by the social and economic realities of the societies in which we live. These societies take little, if any, responsibility for meeting the special needs of people with disabilities and, in fact, discriminate against them. Prejudices against people with disabilities, poor people, and immigrants during the nineteenth century generated a science of ‘race improvement’, called eugenics. In the United States, a number of eugenic measures were enacted early in this century, but it was in Nazi Germany that eugenics or ‘racial hygiene’ flourished. In the guise of furthering the health of the German people (the Volk ), German scientists and physicians designed programs of ‘selection and eradication’ ( Auslese und Ausmerze ) that were initially implemented by sterilizing people who were judged unfit to have children. Next came euthanasia and finally mass extermination of ‘lives not worth living’ ( lebensunwerte Leben ). Present-day German women, looking at this history, are opposing the ideology that underlies the new technical developments in prenatal diagnosis and some feminists outside Germany share their misgivings. This paper tries to place the new technologies in the context of eugenics and to point out some of the ways in which the new,supposedly liberating, choices in fact limit women's control over our lives.
Has global competition changed US export pricing

This paper investigates the behaviour of aggregate US export prices over the period from the early 1980s through 2007. It finds significant parameter instability in a number of the export price equations, much of it consistent with a growing role of international factors in US export pricing. In the capital goods sector, the instability is traced to increases in the exchange rate responsiveness of export prices. The increase in the export price response of capital goods to the exchange rate is not unique to the US and may reflect intensified competition in the global market for machinery and transportation equipment. Even with these changes the exchange rate response of US export prices remains low, suggesting US exporters continue to pass through the bulk of exchange rate changes to the foreign-currency prices of their goods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Switchable Bandpass Filter for 0.3-0.6 GHz

A switchable filter topology is proposed in the form of a self-scalable comb-line structure. This topology is capable of implementing a tunable frequency response with consistent performance over very large tuning ranges. A two-pole prototype has been fabricated using 10 discrete PIN diodes and is capable of covering the frequency range of 290 to 600 MHz in four steps (2-bit tuning). The in-band loss of the filter is better than 2 dB for all modes when a DC voltage of 5 V is used for biasing the PIN diodes. The filter has a IIP3 of greater than 32 DBR, and its RF structure occupies an area of 9 times 21 mm2.
An ecdysteroid-induced alteration in the cell cycle of cultured Drosophila cells

Abstract The addition of physiological concentrations of the arthropod molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone results in the cessation of cell division in the K c cell line of Drosophila melanogaster. Fluorometric monitoring of the cell cycle reveals that treatment of the cells with hormone for 12 hr causes a G 2 arrest. The dose-response curves are in agreement with those obtained for other hormonal effects in both the K c line and the intact animal. In the continual presence of hormone, cells remain G 2 -arrested for approximately 100 hr, resuming division by 120 hr. Cells which have responded once to ecdysteroids and subsequently reentered the cell cycle are insensitive to hormonal restimulation. This lack of response has been correlated with, and is probably due to, the loss of ecdysteroid receptors in stimulated cells.
Control of stereoselective protonation of enols1,2.

A decalyl framework with a siloxy enolic moiety and proximate proton transferring groups was synthesized. On enolate generation with fluoride two competitive reaction modes were possible: (a) intermolecular protonation, and (b) intramolecular proton transfer by the proximate group. Control of the protonation stereochemistry proved possible by varying the proximate group and by changing the acidity of the medium. With the groups −CH2OH, −CHO, and −CH2OCH2OCH3 as the proximate groups, only intermolecular proton transfer was observed with no dependence on acidity. In contrast, with −COO- and COOH, only intramolecular protonation resulted but again with no dependence on acidity of the medium. In contrast, with −CH2NH2 as the proximate group, intramolecular proton transfer predominated with a dependence on the effective pH of the medium. A kinetic analysis provided a linear-log relationship of the ratio of the two stereoisomers with the medium acidity. The analysis revealed that two acetic acid molecules are ...
Chip Breaking Parameter Selection for Constant Surface Speed Machining

Modulated tool path (MTP) chip breaking is a lathe machining technique which produces chips of a predetermined length to reduce the risk of damage to the tool or the work piece caused by chip entanglement. Individual chips are formed by repeatedly interrupting chip formation through CNC commanded tool oscillations superimposed in the tool feed direction. Previous work has shown that the chip length and part surface finish quality are dependent on the tool oscillation frequency relative to the spindle speed (OPR), and the oscillation amplitude relative to the global feed per revolution (Raf).Apart from chip length and surface quality, the dynamic capabilities of the machine must be considered when selecting MTP parameters, OPR and Raf. The dynamic limitations of the machine will limit the available range of tool oscillation frequencies and amplitudes. In this paper, the factors which affect the MTP parameter selection process are discussed, and a process for selecting these parameters automatically based on multiple constraints and criteria is presented for constant surface speed MTP machining.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Client-Loading Conformation of the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone Revealed in the Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Hsp90:Hop Complex

Hsp90 is an essential molecular chaperone required for the folding and activation of many hundreds of cellular “client” proteins. The ATP-dependent chaperone cycle involves significant conformational rearrangements of the Hsp90 dimer and interaction with a network of cochaperone proteins. Little is known about the mechanism of client protein binding or how cochaperone interactions modulate Hsp90 conformational states. We have determined the cryo-EM structure of the human Hsp90:Hop complex that receives client proteins from the Hsp70 chaperone. Hop stabilizes an alternate Hsp90 open state, where hydrophobic client-binding surfaces have converged and the N-terminal domains have rotated and match the closed, ATP conformation. Hsp90 is thus simultaneously poised for client loading by Hsp70 and subsequent N-terminal dimerization and ATP hydrolysis. Upon binding of a single Hsp70, the Hsp90:Hop conformation remains essentially unchanged. These results identify distinct functions for the Hop cochaperone, revealing an asymmetric mechanism for Hsp90 regulation and client loading.
Binary-Solution Critical Opalescence:: Mole Fraction versus Temperature Phase Diagram

Physical chemistry laboratory to investigate the thermally controlled critical demixing of binary fluid mixtures; includes experimental setup, sample data, and analysis.
TRANSCENDENCE OF SPECIAL VALUES OF POCHHAMMER FUNCTIONS

In this paper, we examine the set of algebraic numbers at which higher order hypergeometric functions take algebraic values. In particular, we deduce criteria for this set to be finite and for it to be infinite.
Cynical hostility and carotid atherosclerosis in African American and white women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Heart Study

Background Hostility is associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity and may be related to subclinical atherosclerosis; less is known about this association among women and minority groups. Methods We examined the association between hostility and intimal-medial thickening (IMT) as well as presence/absence of plaque in the carotid arteries in middle-aged white and African American women. Hostility was measured by a 13-item questionnaire and IMT and plaque were assessed by B-mode ultrasonography in 589 participants from the Chicago and Pittsburgh sites of the SWAN. Results In age- and site-adjusted models, each 1-point increment in hostility score predicted a significant 0.0057-mm higher mean IMT ( P P P ≤ .01). With hostility scores modeled in approximate tertiles, high scorers (≥6) had greater mean ( P = .0005) and maximum ( P = .0004) IMT than low scorers (0 or 1); moderate and low scorers did not differ (age-adjusted mean values for low, moderate, and high scorers were 0.657, 0.662, and 0.694 mm, respectively, for mean IMT; those for low, moderate, and high scorers were 0.855, 0.860, and 0.906 mm, respectively, for maximum IMT). Hostility was unrelated to presence of plaque and did not interact with race, education, smoking, and body mass index. Conclusions Hostility is related to small but significantly greater subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged women; this association is not explained by traditional risk factors.
Infantile stimulation and its effects on frustration- and fear-motivated behavior in rats

Abstract Infant rats that were either removed from the nest each day (handled) or left undisturbed (nonhandled) were, in adulthood, given 72 food-reinforced runway acquisition trials followed by 24 trials of extinction training with or without shock. Handled and nonhandled control animals were given runway training without food reinforcement. Reinforced rats ran faster than nonreinforced rats, and handled rats ran faster than nonhandled rats during the initial trials of runway acquisition irrespective of the reinforcement condition. Nonhadled rats stopped running sooner than handled rats when shock was introduced in the goalbox, but differences between handled and nonhandled rats given extinction training without shock were small. Results of a second experiment showed no differences between handled and non-handled rats in the magnitude of the depression effect after an incentive shift. It was concluded that infantile handling had little effect on frustration-motivated behavior, but did affect fear-motivated behavior.
A structural approach to external and internal person–team fit.

This article develops a structurally based, integrated theory of person-organisation fit. This approach to fit recognises the need for achieving both a good external fit between the organisation’s structure and its environment, as well as a good internal fit between the organisation’s structure and its own members. The three most critical aspects of organisational structure within this theory are departmentation, centralisation, and adaptability as these are manifested at the team level. Structural contingency theory is used to derive predictions regarding how these types of structural characteristics interact with the nature of the environment (in terms of predictability and stability) to determine external fit (because of their influence on efficiency, flexibility, and responsiveness). The five factor model of personality is used to derive predictions regarding how these same types of structures interact with individual differences to determine internal fit (because of their influence on role requirements such as scope, interdependence, and innovation). Both types of fit are critical to organisational performance, because in many instances, the presence of a poor fit on one dimension may neutralise the otherwise positive effects of a good fit on the other dimension.
Grocery Store Access and the Food Insecurity–Obesity Paradox

This research tests for an association between grocery store access and paradoxical occurrences of coexisting obesity and food insecurity. Approximately 5000 respondents from the US Centers for Disease Control Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System's Social Context Module were matched to grocery access measures constructed by the Department of Agriculture. Bivariate probit regression analysis models the probability of obesity conditional on food insecurity. Results indicate that each additional percentage point of the local population without a car living farther than a mile from a grocery store is associated with a 1.4 percentage point greater likelihood of obesity for food insecure households. This finding supports claims that the healthy food inaccessibility is a determinant of the insecurity–obesity paradox.