cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Intersection of Place-based Pedagogy and Border Pedagogy: Resituating our Positions through Dialogic Understandings

This article explicates the intersection of place-based and border pedagogies, including how transnational, comparative studies and issues-centered pedagogies are central to the contemplation of one’s own situatedness. Critical place-based (Gruenewald, 2003) and border pedagogies (Giroux, 2005), provide a platform for effectively crossing borders inherent to larger research, intellectual knowledge, appreciation, and learning (Cashman & McDermott, 2013). Dialogic understandings follow on the concepts of heteroglossia, meliorism, critical cosmopolitanism, nepantla, dialogic feminism, and pragmatic hope that are embedded in place-based and border discourses. Dialogic understandings (Cashman, 2015, in press) resituate teachers, students, cultural workers, decision makers, policymakers, and the larger community. In this manner, members of the educational community have their assumptions, practices, and judgments challenged. Through border pedagogy it is possible to recognize and contemplate how margins were created by history, power, and differences. Resituated dialogic understandings position us, as educators, students, cultural workers, and members of the larger community, to be prepared to engage in multidirectional discourses from a) student to teacher, b) teacher to student, c) student to student, d) teacher to teacher, e) teacher to administrator, f) administrator to teacher, g) educator to policy maker, and h) cultural worker to policy maker.
Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Cholesterol Gallstone Disease: The Current Status of Nonsurgical Therapy

Gallstone disease is a common disease that appears to be related to a Western diet. The underlying pathogenesis is a subtle alteration in the liver such that excessive cholesterol is extracted from the liver cell by bile acids undergoing an enterohepatic recirculation. Gallstone disease progresses through well-defined stages, beginning with a bile supersaturated with cholesterol and proceeding to crystal formation, stone growth, and finally symptoms caused by impaction of a stone in either the cystic duct or the common bile duct. The natural history is that most stones never cause symptoms. Stones that cause symptoms have been present for an average of 12 years. The treatment of truly asymptomatic stones should be observation. Ultrasonography of the right upper quadrant is the gold standard for the diagnosis of stones in the gallbladder. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of stones in the common bile duct. Oral cholecystogram (OCG) helps select patients who have noncalcified, floating stones that may be dissolved with bile acids or methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Therapy with chenodiol has been a disappointment because of a low complete response rate. The ideal candidate for attempted dissolution with chenodiol would be a thin woman with hypercholesterolemia and a small number of symptomatic, small, floating, radiolucent gallstones. Ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso), when it is available, will have all of the attributes of chenodiol and virtually none of the side effects. Rapid dissolution of gallstones with MTBE shows great promise of being a generally available means of dissolving gallstones. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy also shows promise, but its general availability may be limited by the cost of the equipment needed. As of now, the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones remains cholecystectomy, unless there is a compelling reason not to operate.
Pitfalls in the Management of Metastatic Disease of the Femur

The management of bone involvement from metastatic disease necessitates the involvement of the specialty fields of medical oncology, orthopaedic surgery, and radiation therapy [10]. Each specialty field manages the patient from the perspective of that particular specialty. Often the orthopaedic surgeon is involved as a technician in supplying urgent care for impending fractures or true pathologic fractures for patients with bony metastatic disease.
Tests in Parametric and Nonparametric Models

The asymptotic theory of tests in parametric and nonparametric models and their relative efficiency is presented here. In particular, livelihood ratio, Wald’s test and chisquare tests are derived in parametric models. The nonparametric tests discussed include two-sample rank tests and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Also presented are goodness-of-fit tests and inference for linear time series models.
Energy Variation of the Analyzing Power in the Reaction p pol +p-->d+π +

Precision measurements of the analyzing powers for the reaction p/sub pol/+p..-->..d+..pi../sup +/ have been made at approx. =550, 600, 650, 700, and 800 MeV. The data have been analyzed in terms of Legendre polynomials. It is found that excitation functions for both even and odd Legendre coefficients exhibit very similar resonant behaviors. It is concluded that the triplet amplitudes are as strongly dominated by the ..delta..(1232) as the well-known singlet amplitude, /sup 1/D/sub 2/, and that the data do not exhibit any anomalous behavior suggestive of dibaryon resonances.
Preparation of cellulase concoction using differential adsorption phenomenon.

ABSTRACTControlled depolymerization of cellulose is essential for the production of valuable cellooligosaccharides and cellobiose from lignocellulosic biomass. However, enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis involves multiple synergistically acting enzymes, making difficult to control the depolymerization process and generate desired product. This work exploits the varying adsorption properties of the cellulase components to the cellulosic substrate and aims to control the enzyme activity. Cellulase adsorption was favored on pretreated cellulosic biomass as compared to synthetic cellulose. Preferential adsorption of exocellulases was observed over endocellulase, while β-glucosidases remained unadsorbed. Adsorbed enzyme fraction with bound exocellulases when used for hydrolysis generated cellobiose predominantly, while the unadsorbed enzymes in the liquid fraction produced cellooligosaccharides majorly, owing to its high endocellulases activity. Thus, the differential adsorption phenomenon of the cellulase compone...
White matter hyperintensities correlate to cognition and fiber tract integrity in older adults with HIV.

Our aim was to examine the clinical relevance of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in HIV. We used an automated approach to quantify WMH volume in HIV seropositive (HIV+; n = 65) and HIV seronegative (HIV−; n = 29) adults over age 60. We compared WMH volumes between HIV+ and HIV− groups in cross-sectional and multiple time-point analyses. We also assessed correlations between WMH volumes and cardiovascular, HIV severity, cognitive scores, and diffusion tensor imaging variables. Serostatus groups did not differ in WMH volume, but HIV+ participants had less cerebral white matter (mean: 470.95 [43.24] vs. 497.63 [49.42] mL, p = 0.010). The distribution of WMH volume was skewed in HIV+ with a high proportion (23%) falling above the 95th percentile of WMH volume defined by the HIV− group. Serostatus groups had similar amount of WMH volume growth over time. Total WMH volume directly correlated with measures of hypertension and inversely correlated with measures of global cognition, particularly in executive functioning, and psychomotor speed. Greater WMH volume was associated with poorer brain integrity measured from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the corpus callosum and sagittal stratum. In this group of HIV+ individuals over 60, WMH burden was associated with cardiovascular risk and both worse diffusion MRI and cognition. The median total burden did not differ by serostatus; however, a subset of HIV+ individuals had high WMH burden.
Paradigm for pig iron nugget production

Economic, environmental and operational disadvantages of the traditional blast furnace process has led to the development of direct smelting reduction processes, including those that utilize self reducing/fluxing dried green-balls as iron oxide feed materials. This is mainly due to improved carbothermic reduction, carburization and reaction kinetics. In this paper, the morphological changes of the greenballs as they transform to pig iron nuggets are examined over time at a constant temperature of 1,400° C. The products produced after each treatment were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and point counting/image analysis. The changes in the percent metallized area, wustite dendrite and slag matrix content of the structures were calculated. It was determined that the transformations were initially controlled by dissolving and containment of iron oxides in the molten slag and their consequent reduction to iron, followed by coalescence of the metallized areas. The final transformations were controlled by the carburization of the metallized areas.
Promoting secondary orders of event pairs in randomized scheduling using a randomized stride

Because of the wide use of randomized scheduling in concurrency testing research, it is important to understand randomized scheduling and its limitations. This work analyzes how randomized scheduling discovers concurrency bugs by focusing on the probabilities of the two possible orders of a pair of events. Analysis shows that the disparity between probabilities can be large for programs that encounter a large number of events during execution. Because sets of ordered event pairs define conditions for discovering concurrency bugs, this disparity can make some concurrency bugs highly unlikely. The complementary nature of the two possible orders also indicates a potential trade-off between the probability of discovering frequently-occurring and infrequently-occurring concurrency bugs. To help address this trade-off in a more balanced way, randomized-stride scheduling is proposed, where scheduling granularity for each thread is adjusted using a randomized stride calculated based on thread length. With some assumptions, strides can be calculated to allow covering the least likely event pair orders. Experiments confirm the analysis results and also suggest that randomized-stride scheduling is more effective for discovering concurrency bugs compared to the original randomized scheduling implementation, and compared to other algorithms in recent literature.
Salvage Esophagectomy for Persistent or Recurrent Disease After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy

It is not uncommon for patients to either undergo definitive chemoradiotherapy with the expectation that locally recurrent tumor may possibly be treated by ‘salvage’ esophagectomy, or that patients be treated with chemoradiothearpy followed by selective use of surgery in cases of persistent disease. The literature supporting use of salvage esophagectomy is sparse. Nevertheless, esophagectomy has been shown to result in better survival than what can be achieved by either supportive care or non-operative strategies. Consideration should be given to performing salvage esophagectomy in carefully selected patients with persistent or recurrent cancer who are physiologically fit and who have a high likelihood of being able to undergo complete resection of their tumor.
Hydrogen at Scale (H2@Scale): Key to a Clean, Economic, and Sustainable Energy System

Much of hydrogen's value to the energy-system lies in its ability to be cleanly and efficiently converted between chemical and electrical energy, while also possessing the high energy density and long-term storage potential of chemical bonds. For these reasons, hydrogen's importance is expected to grow substantially in the coming decades, providing cross-sector and cross-temporal impact through clean, efficient processes. Many of these processes are electrochemical in nature, such as electrolysis of water and electricity production using fuel cells. Hydrogen also offers significant flexibility in how it can integrate into the energy system as a function of scale (from W to GWs), source (fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, solar, wind, thermal), and end use (grid, buildings, industry, transportation). This flexibility, along with the ability to be used as a dispatchable load or power generation source, allows hydrogen and hydrogen-based processes to couple with the overall energy system in an integrated or hybridized fashion, offering dramatic system optimization potential. However, achieving the scale necessary to have impact – the vision 'Hydrogen at Scale' (H2@Scale)" still has research challenges, many of which center around electrochemistry.
Discrepancy in Perceived Hurricane Risks in a Changing Climate

AbstractBuildings are constructed for lifespans of several decades. Thus the decisions made to construct and retrofit buildings should properly take into account the risk profile in the future. Rec...
Age-Class Models

Age-class models are the fundamental models of single-species population ecology and can be modeled several different ways. Life tables are age-specific summaries of mortality rates operating on a cohort of individuals. The mortality schedule is generally calculated based on the known number of survivors in each age class and, when combined with the fertility schedule, can be used to calculate the net reproductive rate per generation (R0), the mean length of a generation (G), and the intrinsic capacity for increase (r). Compartment models are mathematical models commonly used to represent ecological systems, which typically consist of systems of equations with each compartment represented by an equation. In age-structured compartment models, each age class is represented by a compartment or state variable. Because realized fecundity and survival rates change as organisms age, matrix models separate populations into different age classes with each age class having the potential to possess different fecundity and survival rates. Matrix models are similar to compartment models, but matrix models are almost exclusively solved using linear algebra. The models so far discussed are deterministic models. This means that given certain initial conditions there will only be one outcome. Stochastic models include the variation (i.e., the probabilistic nature) inherent in biological systems by representing one or more variables in the model as random variables. Therefore, when a stochastic model is run, the resulting outcome is never exactly the same.
AI profiles: an interview with Iolanda Leite

This column is the seventh in our series profiling senior AI researchers. This month we are happy to interview Iolanda Leite, Assistant Professor at the School of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. This is a great opportunity to get to know Iolanda, the new AI Matters co-editor in chief. Welcome on board!
Mucosal Regulatory System for Balanced Ocular Immunity

Abstract The ocular surface is continually exposed to the external environment, yet the default regulation of this mucosal site involves immune privilege to maintain normal vision. Many regulatory mechanisms work together to create an immunological balance that suppresses inflammation and limits microbial growth in the ocular surface mucosa to preserve the visual axis. However, the ocular surface mucosa remains vulnerable to a variety of pathogens that can break immune tolerance and provoke substantial ocular immunopathology. The coordinated mechanisms that govern immune privilege but drive pathology in the eye present a distinct conundrum for vaccine development: how to amplify the immune system in the ocular mucosa without provoking visual morbidity? Even short-lived inflammatory events in the eye can have deleterious visual outcomes. This chapter reviews the organization and immunology of the ocular surface mucosa, common ocular pathogens, and current strategies guiding ocular vaccine development for two of the leading infectious causes of blindness worldwide: Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 1. While the ocular mucosa is now a common delivery route for vaccines against diseases of veterinary and agricultural importance, this chapter will focus on human pathogens and their impact on vision.
Solvent-Mediated and Mechanochemical Methods for Anion Exchange of Carbonate from Layered Double Hydroxides Using Ammonium Salts.

Deintercalation of carbonate from layered double hydroxides (LDH) followed by intercalation of another anion (decarbonative intercalation) is a good method for the synthesis of crystalline LDH with...
Social Media and Teens: A Needs Assessment Exploring the Potential Role of Social Media in Promoting Health:

Aims:Social media use is widespread in teens. But, few studies have developed recommendations on how social media can be used to promote teen health. The Philadelphia Ujima™ Coalition funded by the...
VISUALIZING SYNCOPE IN ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) commonly presents with palpitations, dyspnea or angina. Syncope is an uncommon manifestation of SVT occurring when the rate impairs ventricular filling, leading to decreased cardiac output. This is thought to happen only in the elderly or during ventricular rates
A Case Report of Angioedema and Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Ingestion of Polyethylene Glycol.

Author(s): Rossi, Amy; Osborn, Lesley | Abstract: Introduction: We report one of few documented cases of a severe anaphylactic reaction with angioedema to polyethylene glycol (PEG).Case Report: The patient presented 30 minutes after onset of his symptoms and quickly developed hypoxia and hypotension refractory to intramuscular epinephrine, intravenous fluids, methylprednisolone, and supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather mask. He ultimately required intubation, an epinephrine infusion, and admission to the medical intensive care unit.Discussion: This case depicts a clinical reaction to PEG, a medication rarely implicated in severe anaphylaxis or angioedema.Conclusion: The allergenic potential of PEG-containing products should be raised, and providers should have a heightened awareness of these potential side effects.
Calculated phonon modes, infrared, and Raman spectra in ZnGeGa2N4

Alloys between group III nitrides and the corresponding heterovalent II–IV-N 2 compounds have recently been proposed as a further way of tuning the properties of nitride semiconductors. At 50% composition, a new ordered compound with composition ZnGeGa 2N 4 and space group P m n 2 1 was found, which has the lowest energy among wurtzite based structures. This structure obeys the local octet rule that every N is surrounded by two Ga, one Zn, and one Ge, ensuring local charge neutrality. Here, we investigate the vibrational properties of this new compound and provide predictions for its related infrared and Raman spectra, which may become useful for the characterization of this material. A group theoretical analysis, phonon frequencies and related Born effective charges, dielectric constants, infrared oscillator strengths, and Raman tensors are presented. Polarized infrared and Raman spectra for different scattering geometries are presented, as well as the phonon band structure and density of states.
Tissue Engineered Bands of Büngner for Accelerated Motor and Sensory Axonal Outgrowth.

Following peripheral nerve injury comprising a segmental defect, the extent of axon regeneration decreases precipitously with increasing gap length. Schwann cells play a key role in driving axon re-growth by forming aligned tubular guidance structures called bands of Bungner, which readily occurs in distal nerve segments as well as within autografts - currently the most reliable clinically-available bridging strategy. However, host Schwann cells generally fail to infiltrate large-gap acellular scaffolds, resulting in markedly inferior outcomes and motivating the development of next-generation bridging strategies capable of fully exploiting the inherent pro-regenerative capability of Schwann cells. We sought to create preformed, implantable Schwann cell-laden microtissue that emulates the anisotropic structure and function of naturally-occurring bands of Bungner. Accordingly, we developed a biofabrication scheme leveraging biomaterial-induced self-assembly of dissociated rat primary Schwann cells into dense, fiber-like three-dimensional bundles of Schwann cells and extracellular matrix within hydrogel micro-columns. This engineered microtissue was found to be biomimetic of morphological and phenotypic features of endogenous bands of Bungner, and also demonstrated 8 and 2× faster rates of axonal extension in vitro from primary rat spinal motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, respectively, compared to 3D matrix-only controls or planar Schwann cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of accelerated motor axon outgrowth using aligned Schwann cell constructs. For translational considerations, this microtissue was also fabricated using human gingiva-derived Schwann cells as an easily accessible autologous cell source. These results demonstrate the first tissue engineered bands of Bungner (TE-BoBs) comprised of dense three-dimensional bundles of longitudinally aligned Schwann cells that are readily scalable as implantable grafts to accelerate axon regeneration across long segmental nerve defects.
Medical student coping and performance in simulated disasters.

Coping with the stress of real and simulated disasters is thought to be integral to the performance of emergency medicine providers. Yet, little is known about which coping strategies are employed ...
Safe Platooning Headways on Girder Bridges

Truck platooning—digitally linking two or more trucks to travel in a closely spaced convoy—is an emerging technology with the potential to save fuel and reduce labor. A framework is described to de...
Turner’s Syndrome and Human Growth Hormone

The mechanism responsible for short stature in patients with Turner’s syndrome is unknown. Growth retardation in the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis is often present in utero; growth velocity after infancy and early childhood is subnormal, and there is no pubertal growth spurt. Clinical incidence suggests that impaired growth is related to resistance of the growing cartilage to growth factors.(1,2) However, a case report of a patient with Turner’s syndrome who developed a growth hormone (GH) producing tumor before epiphyseal fusion which was associated with growth acceleration(3) raises the possibility that pharmacological amounts of GH may override the putative cartilage resistance. By analogy with other syndromes of hormone resistance, one would expect increased concentrations of GH or of somatomedin in the circulation. Yet, GH levels after pharmacological stimulation(4)are normal in these patients; furthermore, plasma somatomedin activity(5) and immunoassayable somatomedin C (SMC)(6) are also normal. Rudman et al. reported a significant linear correlation between growth velocity and serum SMC concentration during GH treatment in five girls with Turner’s syndrome(6); the slope of the regression line was more shallow than in short normal children. They interpreted their findings as evidence for cartilage resistance to SMC.
Empirically Based Criteria for Rational Suicide: A Survey of Psychotherapists

This qualitative study was designed to develop a set of empirically based criteria for rational suicide by asking psychotherapists to define "rational suicide." Data analysis revealed three components of a rational suicide: (1) the presence of an unremittingly hopeless condition (eight examples provided), (2) a suicidal decision made as a free choice, and (3) the presence of an informed decision-making process (five elements listed). It is suggested that the criteria may possibly be used in assessing the rationality of suicidal clients.
Theoretical investigations of the reaction dynamics of polyatomic systems: Chemistry of the hot atom (T* + CH4) and (T* + CD4) systems

An unadjusted computation of the reaction dynamics in the (CH4 + T*) and (CD4 + T*) systems has been carried out. The six‐body potential‐energy surface has been obtained from the equilibrium thermodynamic and spectroscopic data for reactants and products, the results of all‐valence electron INDO and all‐electron, ab initio SCF and CI quantum calculations, and previously formulated three‐ and four‐body valence‐bond (VB) potential surfaces. The computed saddle‐point geometries for axial abstraction and inversion displacement are in good to excellent agreement with previous ab initio CI calculations. The saddle‐point energies are in fair to good agreement. Computed fundamental vibration frequencies for CH4 are in excellent accord with ir and Raman data. Reaction cross sections as a function of relative translational energy for abstraction, displacement, and fragmentation in (CH4 + T*) and (CD4 + T*) systems have been computed by quasiclassical trajectory analysis. Calculated thresholds are in quantitative agreement with experiment. The abstraction and displacement reaction dynamics are examined and discussed. Hot‐atom yield ratios in both systems have been determined through solutions of the integral reaction probability equation. Computed results for nuclear recoil tritium incident upon CH4 are in quantitative agreement with experiment. Yield ratios for [CD3T/DT] obtained by photolysis of TBr are in excellent accord with experiment at all photolysis energies. Abstraction yields in CH4 are computed and found to be in good agreement with experiment. The low energy (40–65 kcal/mole) displacement cross sections are found to be too low by a factor of 2–3.
32-Channel Full Customized CMOS Biosensor Chip for Extracellular Neural Signal Recording

In this paper we present a full-customized CMOS biosensor integrated circuit (IC) design, layout, and implementation techniques for extracellular multichannel action potential recording applications. Schematics and simulation data for each of the sub-circuit macros are presented which includes contact sensors, unity gain buffer, variable gain amplifier and logic control unit. The chip provides a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio for neural signals with amplitudes in the range of 50-500 muV and frequency spectrum in the range of 20-2000 Hz. The prototype IC was fabricated by MOSIS using AMI'S 1.5 mum, double poly, double level metal CMOS technology
Cytochemical localization of transferase activities: carnitine acetyltransferase.

Two methods for the cytochemical detection of free CoA and their utilization in the fine-structural localization of carnitine acetyltransferase in rat heart are described. The first utilizes the reducing property of the SH group of CoA to reduce potassium ferricyanide to potassium ferrocyanide, which in the presence of uranyl ions forms an electron-dense precipitate of uranyl ferrocyanide. The second utilizes the mercaptide-forming property of the free SH group of CoA, which forms a precipitate with cadmium ions. Using the uranyl-ferrocyanide method, reaction product due to endogenous enzymic activity was found on and between the cristae and between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria in fresh heart muscle. In aldehyde-fixed tissue activity was recorded only between the inner and outer membranes. Endogenous activity was removed by preincubation of the tissue in a solution of ferricyanide. On addition of acetyl CoA and carnitine to the incubation medium, fresh tissue, which had been preincubated in ferricyanide, showed reaction product between and on the cristae and between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria, while fixed tissue showed reaction product in the latter position only. In both cases the activity between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes was dependent on both acetyl CoA and carnitine, while the cristae reaction occurred in the absence of carnitine, but required acetyl CoA. All activity was inhibited by mercuric chloride. Acetyl carnitine reduced the activity in the fixed tissue and had severe effects on the structure of fresh mitochondria. These results suggest the presence of carnitine acetyltransferase, which survives aldehyde fixation, on the inner surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane and/or the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A second enzyme which released CoA from acetyl CoA occurred in relation to the cristae of unfixed mitochondria. The cadmium method was less satisfactory than the uranyl-ferrocyanide method but with fixed tissue gave confirmatory results.
Melacine: an allogeneic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine.

Cancer vaccines have represented the holy grail of tumor immunology to many. In 2003, there are innumerable approaches to active specific immunotherapy for cancer. The identification of tumor antig...
Long-Range Spin-Triplet Helix in Proximity Induced Superconductivity in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Systems.

We study proximity induced triplet superconductivity in a spin-orbit-coupled system, and show that the $\mathbf{d}$ vector of the induced triplet superconductivity undergoes precession that can be controlled by varying the relative strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. In particular, a long-range spin-triplet helix is predicted when these two spin-orbit couplings have equal strengths. We also study the Josephson junction geometry and show that a transition between 0 and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ junctions can be induced by controlling the spin-orbit coupling with a gate voltage. An experimental setup is proposed to verify these effects. Conversely, the observation of these effects can serve as a direct confirmation of triplet superconductivity.
Validation of a Self-Control Rating Scale in a Chinese Preschool

Abstract Self-control is seen as a core aspect of human function and a basic component of human behavior across cultures. While many studies of self-control have been conducted in the United States, no measurement instrument of children's self-control has been developed in China. The purpose of the present study was to validate the translated Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS) (Kendall & Wilcox, 1979) on a population of Chinese preschool children. A random selection of 204 Chinese preschool children, from more than 600 children in a child care center in Beijing, China, were studied to complete the translated Chinese version of SCRS (SCRS-C). The results of the analysis indicated satisfactory content validity, internal reliability (Cronbach α = .96), construct validity, and test-retest reliability (r = .95) of the SCRS-C. Validating the translated Chinese version of the SCRS-C allowed for a useful measurement tool to become available in China, which can be used to compare Asian children from different progra...
Bonding in rare gas diatomic ions containing nitrogen or oxygen

Abstract The potential energy surfaces for the low-lying electronic states of HeO + , NeN + and ArO + have been investigated theoretically by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Comparison is made with previously computed potential surfaces and with experiment for the ions HeN + , HeF + , NeF + and ArF + . We conclude that each of these ions will possess at least one stable enough to be observed in an ion—molecule reaction.
Simulating the dynamics of genes and environment in development.

Biometric analyses of variability in behavioral phenotypes have demonstrated that genotype plays a significant role in all behavioral development, but the developmental significance of the environment has remained obscure. Behavior genetic analyses typically show the effect of shared family environment to be very small, although considerable variability remains to be explained after genetic factors have been accounted for. Behavior geneticists have suggested, contrary to intuition, that almost all of the important effects of the environment serve to make family members more different from each other. Environmentalists of several persuasions have pointed to the crucial importance of the environment in the initiation and regulation of all developmental processes. In this article, we present a series of simulations to suggest that some of the difficulty of identifying environmental effects in biometric models is methodological. Adding simple dynamic parameters to models of development leads to systems in which environment produces substantial variability that can be detected in the context of a particular genotype, but vanishes when genotype is allowed to vary.
Perilous proximity: Does the Janzen–Connell hypothesis explain the distribution of giant barrel sponges on a Florida coral reef?

One popular concept used to explain the high biodiversity of some ecosystems is the Janzen–Connell hypothesis, which states that the distribution of conspecifics is controlled by species-specific pathogens or predators that are attracted to adults or to their reproductive output. The distribution of the affected species would then display a distinct pattern, with survivorship increasing at greater distance from the conspecific adult (negative density dependence), leaving a vacant area around the adult where other species can survive. The giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is an abundant and long-lived sponge on Caribbean coral reefs that is actively grazed by sponge-eating fishes and is susceptible to disease. We tested the Janzen–Connell hypothesis on barrel sponges on Conch Reef, Florida, by examining their distribution as a function of size using spatial point pattern analyses. Clark and Evans tests and a series of Ripley’s K function analyses revealed no consistent distribution pattern, with most analyses resulting in a random pattern of sponge distribution. While predation by sponge-eating fishes has recently been discovered to structure sponge communities on reefs across the Caribbean, these top-down effects do not translate to spatial distributions of X. muta that support Janzen–Connell predictions.
Probabilities: The Little Numbers That Rule Our Lives

(2007). Probabilities: The Little Numbers That Rule Our Lives. The American Statistician: Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 372-372.
Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: A report from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD)

Objectives. This study sought to assess proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction trial (SOLVD) in relation to both their New York Heart Association functional classification and their neurohormonal status before randomization. Background. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha have been identified in 30% to 40% of patients with heart failure. However, it is unclear which subsets of patients with heart failure elaborate tumor necrosis factor-alpha. It is also unclear what the mechanism for the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines is. Methods. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay using randomly selected plasma samples from patients in functional classes I to III who were enrolled in neurohormonal substudies of the SOLVD trial; age-matched healthy subjects served as the control group. Results. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p Conclusions. Circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines increase in patients as their functional heart failure classification deteriorates. Moreover, activation of the neurohumoral axis is unlikely to completely explain the elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines in heart failure.
Interferon and the epidermis: Implications for cellular senescence

Human keratinocytes are epithelial cells that cover the external surface of the body and function primarily to protect against physical, chemical and biological injury. Since 1975, serial cultivation of disaggregated human keratinocytes in vitro has been possible and these cultures have been utilized to assess in vitro physiological age. As has been demonstrated in human dermal fibroblasts harvested from donors of different ages, human epidermal keratinocytes from older donors manifest a decreased proliferative response to serum and to selected mitogens when compared to younger donors. Recent work suggests an increased sensitivity to negative growth modulators as well. The epidermis constantly renews itself. In normal skin, the majority of the cells in the germinative, basal cell layer are blocked in Go and do not cycle unless stimulated. Interferons (IFN) are a family of glycoproteins well known for their antiviral activity and their ability to inhibit growth and alter the behavior of various normal and transformed cell types, both in vitro and in vivo. As such, we examined intact skin for the presence of negative modulators of growth and demonstrated the presence, by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, of a protein of approximate molecular weight 40 kilodaltons with polyclonal antiserum directed against recombinant IFN-alpha. Extracts from healthy, non-virally infected keratinocyte cultures contained IFN activity as determined by viral plaque inhibition assays. Further, we have demonstrated that IFN inhibits the growth of the human keratinocyte in a non-cytotoxic, reversible manner and that the keratinocytes harvested from older adult donors are significantly more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of IFN than are the keratinocytes of young donors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molybdenum carbonyl complexes of diphenylphosphinous acid and diphenylphosphinous acid derivatives. Crystal and molecular structures of [Et4N][Mo(CO)4(PPh2O)2H]·0.37 CH2Cl2, Mo(CO)4(PPh2OH)(PPh2OCH2CH2NMe2)·H2O and Mo(CO)4(PPh2SPPh2)

Abstract Crystal and molecular structures for the three complexes [Et4N][Mo(CO)4(PPh2O)2H]·0.37CH2Cl2 (1), [Mo(CO)4(PPh2OH)(PPh2OCH2CH2NMe2]·H2O (2) and [Mo(CO)4(PPh2SPPh2] (3) are reported. The octahedral coordination sphere at molybdenum consists of four carbonyl groups and two cis oriented phosphorus donor ligands. The unlocated hydrogen atom in 1 forms a strong hydrogen bridge between the two Ph2PO− ligands as evidence by a short OO distance of 2.415(4) A. In complex 2, the acidic proton of the PPh2OH ligand forms a strong hydrogen bond to the tertiary amine with a NO distance of 2.77 A. Complex 3 has essentially C2v symmetry; the PSP bond angle is 86.9°. The PMP angles are 88.06(4)°, 86.36(7)° and 72.02(7)° for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The average MC distance over all these compounds is 2.010(6) A; the MP distances range from 2.487(2) to 2.563(2) A and average to 2.51(1) A. Compound 1 crystallizes in space group P 1 with a = 12.456(2) A, b = 13.757(3) A, c = 11.892(3) A, α = 95.51(2)° β = 108.30(2)°, γ = 91.91(1)°, V = 1922(2) A3, Z = 2. Compound 2 crystallizes in space group Pbca with a = 20.901(3) A, b = 16.032(3) A, c = 19.686(5) A, V = 6597(2) A3, Z = 8. Compound 3 crytallizes in space group P212121 with a = 11.014(1) A, b = 14.244(2) A, c = 17.233(1) A, V = 27041(1) A3, Z = 4.
Vitreous opacities affect scanning laser polarimetry measurements.

Abstract PURPOSE: To assess the effect of vitreous opacities on retinal nerve fiber layer retardation measurements obtained during scanning laser polarimetry. METHODS: Scanning laser polarimetry was performed in two eyes of two patients with vitreous opacities. RESULTS: The presence of a vitreous opacity within the measurement ellipse during scanning caused a marked, localized increase in polarization in the area of the opacity. This falsely increased the value obtained for the mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness values were reduced when the opacity was not incorporated into the measurement ellipse. CONCLUSION: Artifact introduced by the presence of vitreous opacities can affect scanning laser polarimetry measurement reliability.
Deformation of blanketed and patterned bilayer thin-film microstructures during post-release and cyclic thermal loading

We study, both experimentally and theoretically, the deformation of blanketed and patterned bilayer thin film microstructures subjected to temperature cycles from room temperature to elevated temperatures following processing by surface micromachining and release from the substrate. While the theoretical treatment is general, the experimental component focuses on beam-like microstructures consisting of a 0.5 /spl mu/m thick gold film on a polysilicon film that is either 1.5 /spl mu/m or 3.5 /spl mu/m thick. For all microstructures the underlying polysilicon film is the same size, but the gold film is patterned into a line that runs the length of the beam. Its width is varied from 0 to 100% of the width of the polysilicon. We experimentally characterize the deformation by measuring the full-field deflection of the gold/polysilicon bilayer beams as a function of temperature using a white-light interferometric microscope. From the deflection, the curvature is determined, and we report the evolution of curvature with the temperature cycling. Qualitatively the behavior is the same regardless of the linewidth. The quantitative differences can be described by a simple model incorporating an inelastic temperature-driven mechanism in addition to linear thermoelastic behavior. We show experimentally and/or analytically, how the parameters in the model vary with linewidth. The results are discussed in the context of the current understanding of microstructural evolution in thin-film metals, and in relation to anticipated thermoelastic response. We show that via a suitable thermal process, the thin film material microstructure can apparently be stabilized over a prescribed temperature range, rendering the subsequent deformation linear thermoelastic. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of the design and fabrication of high-yield, dimensionally stable MEMS devices utilizing bilayer material systems. Although our measurements are focused on gold/polysilicon bilayer films, the concepts and associated analysis are applicable to other bilayer film systems, particularly ones with metals, although there will surely be quantitative differences.
Honorary emeritus membership

(1994). Honorary emeritus membership. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 130-130.
Abstract IA13: A hypoxic microenvironment influences pancreatic cancer progression

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States and one of the most lethal human cancers. Chronic pancreatitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, is a well-known risk factor for PDAC in humans. However, the precise mechanisms whereby chronic pancreatitis promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis remain elusive. Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient oxygen availability, occurs in the context of pancreatic cancer as well as chronic pancreatitis, suggesting that hypoxia is a link between chronic inflammation of the pancreas and carcinogenesis. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a principal mediator of hypoxic responses. HIF-1α has also been shown to tightly regulate inflammatory responses of myeloid cells. To elucidate the effects of HIF-1α on chronic inflammatory injury and regeneration of the pancreas, and define the role of HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer development, we generated mice that spontaneously develop PDAC with HIF-1α ablated. Our results indicate that HIF-1α impacts both the resolution of pancreatitis as well as the progression of pancreatic neoplasia and inflammatory cell recruitment. Citation Format: M. Celeste Simon. A hypoxic microenvironment influences pancreatic cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-IA13
Scattering and Absorption Cross-Section Spectral Measurements of Gold Nanorods in Water

The usually measured attenuation (extinction) spectra of gold nanorods in water include two unresolving contributions: absorption and scattering. The present study is to separate these two contributions by measuring the total scattering losses as a function of wavelengths. Knowing the total-attenuation spectrum and the scattering-loss spectrum, the pure absorption spectrum can be finally determined for a given sample system. Two approaches are employed for experimentally estimating the pure scattering losses: one is direct measurement using a calibrated large-area photodetector to collect the scattered energy along a certain solid angle; the other is comparison measurement by using polystyrene microspheres in water as a standard sample whose scattering cross section is known well. These two methods have given nearly the same results and are finally compared with the theoretical calculations.
Prevention of hepatitis B virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma

The most effective means of preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is to prevent HBV infection via global vaccination of infants. Universal vaccination of newborns has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of HCC among Taiwanese children. Among HBV carriers, the incidence of HCC was significantly higher in those who were hepatitis B e antigen positive, suggesting that antiviral therapy that results in viral clearance or sustained suppression of HBV replication should reduce the incidence of HCC. Review of data from >1000 chronic hepatitis B patients who received interferon treatment found that interferon has no or minimal overall effect on preventing HCC, but a beneficial effect may be attained in responders. The negative results are in part related to the small number of patients, short duration of follow-up, and low response rate to interferon therapy. Only 1 prospective randomized controlled trial of antiviral therapy with incidence of HCC as an endpoint has been reported. In this trial, 651 Asian patients with compensated HBV-related cirrhosis were randomized to receive lamivudine or placebo. After a median follow-up of 32 months, HCC was diagnosed in 3.9% lamivudine-treated patients and in 7.4% placebo controls (P = 0.047). Further studies using antiviral agents with lower risk of drug-resistance are needed to confirm these results. In addition, questions on who to treat and how long treatment should be administered must be addressed before recommendations on the use of antiviral therapy to prevent HBV-related HCC can be made.
Management of massive pulmonary thromboembolism complicating diabetic ketoacidosis

Intravascular volume depletion secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis may result in thrombosis of major blood vessels. Without anticoagulation these thrombi can embolize to the lungs and compromise cardiopulmonary function. When this occurs early surgical pulmonary embolectomy is indicated to salvage a failing right heart.
Optimal configuration of a decentralized, market-driven production/inventory system

Pull systems are inherently easier to implement on the shop-floor; however, they are quite difficult to plan and design for optimal operation, leaving little guidelines to system designers and practitioners. In this paper we use an effective and relatively fast numerical method to understand the optimal configuration of a multi-stage, multi-product, decentralized, market-driven production/inventory system that minimizes average inventory holding subject to a service level constraint through selection of various production and procurement control parameters. We have also conducted a number of numerical experiments to understand how the control policies respond to changes in the system parameters, such as the number of stages, system workload, demand arrival rates of products, and inventory holding costs.