cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacteria stimulate hatching of yellow fever mosquito eggs.

Background: Aedes aegypti Linnaeus is a peridomestic mosquito that lays desiccation-resistant eggs in water-filled humanmade containers. Previous investigations connected egg hatching with declining dissolved oxygen (DO) that is associated with bacterial growth. However, past studies failed to uncouple DO from other potential stimulatory factors and they contained little quantitative information about the microbial community; consequently, a direct role for bacteria or compounds associated with bacteria in stimulating egg hatching cannot be dismissed. Methodology/Principal Findings: Environmental factors stimulating hatch of Ae. aegypti eggs were investigated using nonsterile and sterile white oak leaf (WOL) infusions and a bacterial culture composed of a mix of 14 species originally isolated from bamboo leaf infusion. In WOL infusion with active microbes, 92.4% of eggs hatched in 2-h at an average DO concentration of 2.4 ppm. A 24-h old bacterial culture with a DO concentration of 0.73 ppm also stimulated 95.2% of eggs hatch within 1-h. In contrast, only 4.0% of eggs hatched in sterile infusion, whose DO averaged 7.4 ppm. Effects of bacteria were uncoupled from DO by exposing eggs to bacterial cells suspended in NaCl solution. Over a 4-h exposure period, 93.8% of eggs hatched while DO concentration changed minimally from 7.62 to 7.50 ppm. Removal of bacteria by ultra-filtration and cell-free filtrate resulted in only 52.0% of eggs hatching after 4-h at an average DO concentration of 5.5 ppm. Conclusions/Significance: Collectively, the results provide compelling evidence that bacteria or water-soluble compounds secreted by bacteria, not just low DO concentration, stimulate hatching of Ae. aegypti eggs. However, the specific cues involved remain to be identified. These research findings contribute new insight into an important aspect of the oviposition biology of Ae. aegypti, a virus vector of global importance, providing the basis for a new paradigm of environmental factors involved in egg hatching.
THE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THREE FUNDAMENTAL MORAL ETHICS: AUTONOMY, COMMUNITY, AND DIVINITY

Abstract. In this essay, I describe my Cultural-Developmental Template Approach to moral psychology. This theory draws on my research with the Three Ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity, and the work of many other scholars. The cultural-developmental synthesis suggests that the Ethic of Autonomy emerges early in people's psychological lives, and continues to hold some importance across the lifespan. But Autonomy is not alone. The Ethic of Community too emerges early and appears to increase in importance across the life course. Then, it also seems that in most places and at most times, the Ethic of Divinity has found a voice—and in some traditions this ethic may become audible in adolescence. Ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity, then, may have universal roots in the human condition. However, they are also clearly culturally and historically situated. Cultural communities—whether defined by religious, national, or other boundaries—vary in how they prioritize the three ethics and the extent to which they reinforce their development.
The complexities of p97 function in health and disease

p97 is a homohexameric, toroidal machine that harnesses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to effect structural reorganization of a diverse and primarily uncharacterized set of substrate proteins. This action has been linked to endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), homotypic membrane fusion, transcription factor control, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and post-mitotic spindle disassembly. Exactly how these diverse processes use p97 is not fully understood, but it is clear that binding sites, primarily on the N- and C-domains of p97, facilitate this diversity by coordinating a growing collection of cofactors. These cofactors act at the levels of mechanism, sub-cellular localization, and substrate modification. Another unifying theme is the use of ubiquitylation. Both p97 and many of the associated cofactors have demonstrable ubiquitin-binding competence. The present review will discuss some of the current mechanistic studies and controversies and how these relate to cofactors as well as discussing potential therapeutic targeting of p97.
MICROHABITAT USE BY A TROPICAL FOREST RODENT, PROECHIMYS SEMISPINOSUS, IN CENTRAL PANAMA

We studied microhabitat use by Proechimys semispinosus (Central American spiny rat) by livetrapping along transects in 5 forested sites in central Panama. Microhabitat was quantified by measuring 14 variables at each sampling station. Relative abundance of P. semispinosus was 1.86 individuals/100 station-nights, which was typical of abundances of this species and other members of the genus. Spiny rats were distributed throughout sampled microhabitat space defined by factor analysis of 14 variables. We used logistic regression analysis to relate presence–absence at trap stations to microhabitat structure. Variables describing disturbed and younger forest were strong predictors of presence at trap stations. Associations of P. semispinosus with younger forest (smaller trees and lianas and lower canopies) and treefall gaps within older forest may have implications for regeneration of local forest patches through the activities of these rodents as seed predators and dispersers of seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores.
Continuing the search for a theory of public budgeting

This paper argues that the search for a theory of public budgeting has proceeded mainly on assumptions of the rationalist paradigm. This approach yielded mostly technical explanations for budgeting phenomena. These explanations fail to capture the complexities of public budgeting and yield incomplete theories. Without attempting to break new ground, the authors argue that budgeting theory should be guided by heuristic concepts borrowed from open systems theory. This offers greater potential for reconciling the rational and non-rational aspects of budgeting and permits constructive synthesis of insights from extant theories of budgeting without rejecting the rationalist paradigm. This approach views budgeting as only one of the complex functions governments perform to cope with their environment and to maintain stability.
Riemannian Structures on Shape Spaces: A Framework for Statistical Inferences

Shape features are becoming increasingly important for inferences in image analysis. Shape analysis involves choosing mathematical representations of shapes, deriving tools for quantifying shape differences, and characterizing imaged objects according to the shapes of their boundaries. In this paper, we focus on characterizing shapes of continuous curves, both open and closed, in ℝ2. Under appropriate constraints that remove shape-preserving transformations, these curves form infinite-dimensional, non-linear spaces, called shape spaces, on which inferences are posed. We impose two Riemannian metrics on these spaces and study properties of the resulting structures. An important tool in Riemannian analysis of shapes is the construction of geodesic paths in shape spaces. Not only do the geodesics quantify shape differences, but they also provide a framework for computing intrinsic shape statistics. We will present algorithms to compute simple shape statistics — means and covariances — and will derive probability models on shape spaces using local principal component analysis (PCA), called tangent PCA (TPCA). These concepts are demonstrated using a number of applications: (i) unsupervised clustering of imaged objects according to their shapes, (ii) developing statistical shape models of human silhouettes in infrared surveillance images, (iii) interpolation of endo-and epicardial boundaries in echocardiographic image sequences, and (iv) using shape statistics to test phylogenetic hypotheses.
For Nature: Deep Greening World-Systems Analysis for the 21st Century

From its conception the world-systems perspective has been preoccupied with the study of long term global transformations (see for ex., Frank 1968, 1979; Wallerstein 1974; Amin 1974; Wolf, 1982; Chase-Dunn 1989; Chase-Dunn and Hall 1992; Kaplan 1978).2. To this extent, the various structural relationships, trends, and cycles of the world system have been identified to explain the processes of global transformation. The varied attempts to pinpoint and analyze these relations, trends, and cycles have been within the context of connections between humans, classes, status groups, industries, regions, and states in the world economy. From an ecological point of view (ontologically and epistemologically), such a manner of understanding change is quite anthropocentric, as global transformation necessitates a changing relationship with Nature. In an era of increasing global concern and awareness of the finite nature of natural resources and the growing realization of the contemporary losses in plant and animal species and the continued susceptibility of the human species to climatological changes and diseases despite various scientific and technological advances, we need to consider that besides social relations and structures, the basis of human reproduction includes our relationships with the non-human world (ecology). World-systems /world system analyses need to move beyond deciphering the processes of global change only through the social (anthropocentric) dimension of the relations underlining these processes. Keeping to just the social relations/structures of the reproduction of the system limits the range of explanations we can provide for global transformation, and also restricts the dimensions whereby the basis for these changes can be explored. This paper is an attempt to introduce the other basic dimension (our relations with Nature) into the overall equation of world-systems/world system analyses for our understanding of global change. Ultimately, it is this Culture/Nature relation along with the dynamics of Nature that in the long run determines the trajectory of the transformation of the world system. The purpose of this paper is to "green" the world-systems/world system analyses to date, and to suggest (ontologically and epistemologically) an ecocentric world system history approach beyond a humanocentric world system history analysis that has been proposed by Frank and Gills (l992(a), l992(b)).
Biological Notes on Adults and Eggs of Phytomyza syngenesiae in North-Central Coastal California1

A mixed population of Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy) (formerly P. atricomis Meigen) from material originally collected from tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea L., at Fort Bragg and Albany, California (132 airline miles apart) increased remarkably on S. jacobaea plants in laboratory cages and in a greenhouse. The huge populations, which often appeared to arise from isolated individual insects, were not the result of parthenogenesis (44 mated females laid viable eggs; 40 virgin females laid only nonviable eggs). The parasitic Hymenoptera of this leaf miner do not reproduce in cages or greenhouses, and the life cycle of the leaf miner is short (about 28 days) with 12 hours of 24 and 12 hours of 12.75, and it can be completed and sustained in small cages. Virginity did not affect the fecundity of the females, but the preoviposition period of virgins was longer than for mated females (average 4±2 days vs. 2±0.5 days).
Progress on Association Between Spermatozoa Chemiotaxis and Expression of Olfactory Receptor Genes

Spermatozoa chemiotaxis has been considered as one of the indexs to evaluate the quality of semen.The spermatozoa chemiotaxis of invertebrate was first confirmed by Miller in 1960s,which showed that olfactory receptor genes are both expressed in testis and mature sperm in mammal.Some research results showed that olfactory receptor(OR),such as hOR17-4 was both in nose and spermary.And spermatozoa chemiotaxis is considered to be related to this expression.Activition of OR can induce the increase of Ga2+ concentration in sperm,which lead to spermatozoa chemiotaxis and is helpful to fertilization.However,the association between spermatozoa chemiotaxis and olfactory receptor genes is on primary groung and is still for future study: Olfactory receptor gense have contribution to the fertilization and could be one way of sperm selective-those sperm who have the expression of olfactory receptor genes can meet with the ovum and successfully fertilization.
Purification and Screening of De-emulsifying Bacteria in the Oily Soil

The sources of screening de-emulsifying bacteria come from the soil which is polluted by crud oil of Daqing oilfield in the long time.The Pure demulsifying bacterial strains can be obtained by target enrichment culture and purification culture.Model water-in-oil emulsions with 40% water content can keep stable for more than 100 hours.Nine demulsifying strains which are obtained by target enrichment culture of oily soil are carried out demulsification test of model emulsions,and two demulsifying strains are obtained,whose demulsification efficiency can be more than 85%.
Qualitative Geographic Information Systems (GIS): An untapped research approach for social work:

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a digital technology that integrates hardware and software to analyze, store, and map spatial data. GIS allows users to visualize (i.e., map) geographic aspects of data including locations or spatial concentrations of phenomena of interest. Though public health and other social work related fields have embraced the use of GIS technology in research, social work lags behind. Recent technological advancements in the field of GIS have transformed what was once prohibitively expensive, “experts only” desktop software into a viable method for researchers with little prior GIS knowledge. Further, humanist and participatory geographers have developed critical, non-quantitative GIS approaches that bring to light new opportunities relevant to social workers. These tools could have particular utility for qualitative social workers because they can help us better understand the environmental context in which our clients reside and give credence to their assessments of strengt...
The Use of Serum Urea Nitrogen Concentrations for the Determination of Lysine Requirements of Gilts

Abstract Seven experiments were conducted to evaluate the serum urea nitrogen (SUN) method of estimating the lysine requirement of 20-, 35-, 50-, and 80-kg cross-bred barrows. Treatments within each experiment were replicated three times with four barrows per replicate (except Exp. 4, replicates 1 and 2 had three barrows per replicate; Exp. 6, replicates 1 and 2 had five barrows per replicate). Initial BW were 17.2 kg in Exp. 1; 35.2 and 37.0 kg in Exp. 2 and 3; 49.8 and 52.1 kg in Exp. 4 and 5; and 79.8 and 81.1 kg in Exp. 6 and 7. The lysine levels fed ranged from 0.35 to 1.25%, depending on the weight of the barrows. Within an experiment, all treatment diets contained the concentration of corn and soybean meal of the diet with the lowest level of lysine. With the exception of lysine, the diets met or exceeded the ideal amino acid pattern for all indispensable amino acids for the diet containing the highest level of lysine. All treatment diets were isonitrogenous and equal in electrolyte balance (Na+K-Cl). An initial blood sample was taken from all barrows for initial SUN determination. Barrows were fed treatment diets for a minimum of 6 d before blood samples were collected for final SUN determination. All experiments were randomized complete block designs and initial SUN was used as a covariate for final SUN. As dietary lysine increased, final SUN decreased (linear, P P
Muscle Tension Dysphagia: Symptomology and Theoretical Framework

ObjectiveTo identify symptoms, common diagnostic findings, pattern of treatments and referrals offered, and their efficacy in a group of patients with idiopathic functional dysphagia in an otolaryngology setting with multiple providers.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic center.Subjects and MethodsFollowing Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with dysphagia who had a videofluoroscopic swallow study between January 1, 2013, and April 30, 2015. Each patient’s dysphagia symptomology, videofluoroscopic swallow study, flexible laryngoscopy, and medical chart were reviewed to identify the treatment paradigms that were utilized.ResultsSixty-seven adult patients met the inclusion criteria. Abnormal laryngeal muscle tension was present in 97% of patients. Eighty-two percent of patients also demonstrated signs of laryngeal hyperresponsiveness. Nonspecific laryngeal inflammation was evident in 52% of patients. Twenty-s...
Maturation and Roles of Collecting Ducts and Loops of Henle in Renal Medulla Development

The renal medulla, the inner compartment of the metanephric kidney, has a vital role in the regulation of body water and electrolyte homeostasis and systemic blood pressure. It is composed of the medullary collecting ducts, the loops of Henle, the vasa recta, and the medullary interstitium. The urine concentration ability of a renal medulla is related to the length of this region among species. In this chapter, current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the elongation of the medullary collecting duct and the loops of Henle and their roles in renal medulla formation and extension is summarized. Renal medulla blunting and effacement is a common symptom of many forms of renal and urological destruction. Increased knowledge about renal medulla formation should assist efforts in repair and regeneration of damaged renal medullae, to improve renal physiology in disease and injured situations.
The metabolism of C14 2-PAM in the isolated perfused rat liver. IV. 1-Methyl-2-pyridone.

The metabolic disposition of radioactive 1-methyl-2-aldoximinopyridinium iodide-1- 14 C (2-PAM) was investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver. In addition to the two metabolites already reported by our laboratory, a third metabolite of 2-PAM, 1-methyl-2-pyridone, has been isolated from the liver perfusate. The isolation procedures employed were ethanol and chloroform extraction, charcoal adsorption chromatography, paper electrophoresis, paper chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. Characterization of the metabolite was accomplished by comparing its chemical, spectral, chromatographic, and electrophoretic properties with those of authentic 1-methyl-2-pyridone. The chemical, spectral, chromatographic and electrophoretic properties of this metabolite indicate that the compound is 1-methyl-2-pyridone. Metabolic pathways for the formation of 1-methyl-2-pyridone from 2-PAM and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the various biotransformation reactions were proposed. The role of 1-methyl-2-pyridone and its intermediate in the conversion of 2-PAM to a 2- 0 -conjugate pyridinium ion was discussed.
Microfluidic Platform Enabling Primary Multiple Myeloma Mono- and Cis-Co-Culture Analysis

Abstract Abstract 1830 Multiple myeloma (MM) is a universally fatal disease, comprising 15% of hematological malignancies and 1% of all cancers. It has a median survival of 5–7 years from diagnosis. While newer drugs, such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, have increased response to therapy, resistance and relapse still remain a key concern. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanism(s) of drug resistance. Ideally, this needs to be accomplished in a patient-specific manner. One approach is to directly examine biological responses of patient myeloma cells in the presence of their own stromal components under different drug conditions. However, individually collected patient bone marrow samples yield a limited number of MM tumor and associated stromal cell types, which limit the number of conditions as well as replicates that can be performed for such functional analyses. To address this technical barrier, we have developed a first generation functional microfluidics-based microchannel platform that enables the analysis of these limited samples in mono- and/or cis-coculture ( Figure 1 ). CD138+ patient myeloma cells are seeded into the central channel, which has a well to retain the suspension MM cells. CD138- “stromal” or mononuclear cells are seeded into each side channel. Each side channel communicates with the central channel via diffusion ports, which are only large enough for media and soluble factors to flow through. In this manner, both without (monoculture) and with the patients own stromal components (cis-co-culture) can be analyzed for MM cell responses. Here we employed this assay platform to analyze CD138+ MM tumor cells' drug responses to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib/Velcade and whether CD138- mononuclear cells from the same patient provide a protective effect. We added 7500 CD138+ in the central channel with or without 8000 CD138- mononuclear cells in each side channel, which were obtained from the same bone marrow aspirates. We were able to measure dose-dependent reductions in cell viability in multiple patient MM cells. Such MM cell viability was protected by the presence of patients' own CD138- mononuclear cells to varying degrees. More patient samples are currently being analyzed and will be similarly assessed to determine whether such in vitro bortezomib responses have any relevance to patient drug responses in the clinic. Additional improvements will be incorporated with the goal to make the assay platform more robust and quantitative in its predictive capacity. Download : Download high-res image (25KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: Beebe: Bellbrook Labs: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties.
Fluorescent Hybridization Probe Detection of the F508del Cystic Fibrosis Allele on the LightCycler

Cystic fibrosis is a prevalent and well-studied autosomal recessive disorder mainly affecting Caucasian populations at a frequency of about 0.05% [1]. The cystic fibrosis transconductance regulator gene that is altered in the disease is on chromosome 7 [2]. Population screening has uncovered nearly 900 variants in the gene to date [3]. Many of these are disease-causing mutations. Approximately 70% of disease-causing alleles have a 3 base pair deletion at codon 508. F508de1 homozygous individuals comprise approximately 50% of all clinical cases of cystic fibrosis.
Data set mentions and citations: A content analysis of full‐text publications

This study provides evidence of data set mentions and citations in multiple disciplines based on a content analysis of 600 publications in PLoS One. We find that data set mentions and citations varied greatly among disciplines in terms of how data sets were collected, referenced, and curated. While a majority of articles provided free access to data, formal ways of data attribution such as DOIs and data citations were used in a limited number of articles. In addition, data reuse took place in less than 30% of the publications that used data, suggesting that researchers are still inclined to create and use their own data sets, rather than reusing previously curated data. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how data sets are used in science and helps institutions and publishers make useful data policies.
EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF COINFECTION ON IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION OF THE DEER MOUSE ( PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS) USING SIN NOMBRE VIRUS AND BARTONELLA AS MODEL PATHOGEN SYSTEMS.

ABSTRACT: Simultaneous infections with multiple pathogens can alter the function of the host's immune system, often resulting in additive or synergistic morbidity. We examined how coinfection with the common pathogens Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Bartonella sp. affected aspects of the adaptive and innate immune responses of wild deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Adaptive immunity was assessed by measuring SNV antibody production; innate immunity was determined by measuring levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood and the complement activity of plasma. Coinfected mice had reduced plasma complement activity and higher levels of CRP compared to mice infected with either SNV or Bartonella. However, antibody titers of deer mice infected with SNV were more than double those of coinfected mice. Plasma complement activity and CRP levels did not differ between uninfected deer mice and those infected with only Bartonella, suggesting that comorbid SNV and Bartonella infections act synergistically, altering the i...
Emil Orlik: From Japan

Prague-born painter and graphic artist Emil Orlik (1870-1932) made his first visit to Japan in 1900 to get acquainted with the woodblock printing technique as well as everyday life there. During his stay, he not only created ink drawings, watercolors, pastels, and gouaches, but also took the opportunity to collect Japanese art, including ukiyo-e prints. These were eventually included in an exhibition in 1902, which traveled to Brno and Prague after its premiere in Dresden and Berlin. Besides promoting a broader awareness of Japan and its traditional culture to Prague and its artistic milieu, the exhibition also testified to Orlik´s discernment as a collector.1
The Global South and the Neoempires of the United States and China

This chapter will discuss the foreign policy activity of the United States and China with regards to the developing world. The United States found developing regions particularly important during the Cold War and continues to be a powerful force economically and politically. China has increased its own presence in these regions beginning in the 1990s. More recently, we have seen an increased interest in the developing world made manifest through the development of counter global development banking institutions. The battle between Bretton Woods institutions and BRICS institutions seeks to solidify a world-system to serve the prestige of leading states within these regimes. These two powers, the United States and China, are continuing to compete in these regions to create a political-economic bloc, a neoempire, serving its own power acquisition purposes.
Land Use Diversification and Intensification on Elk Winter Range in Greater Yellowstone: Framework and Agenda for Social-Ecological Research

Abstract Amenity migration describes the movement of peoples to rural landscapes and the transition toward tourism and recreation and away from production-oriented land uses (ranching, timber harvesting). The resulting mosaic of land uses and community structures has important consequences for wildlife and their management. This research note examines amenity-driven changes to social-ecological systems in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, specifically in lower elevations that serve as winter habitat for elk. We present a research agenda informed by a preliminary and exploratory mixed-methods investigation: the creation of a “social-impact” index of land use change on elk winter range and a focus group with wildlife management experts. Our findings suggest that elk are encountering an increasingly diverse landscape with respect to land use, while new ownership patterns increase the complexity of social and community dynamics. These factors, in turn, contribute to increasing difficulty meeting wildlife management objectives. To deal with rising complexity across social and ecological landscapes of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, future research will focus on property life cycle dynamics, as well as systems approaches.
Pulmonary Vascular Development

The vascular beds of the adult lung, the pulmonary and bronchial circulations, are formed by extensive branching systems of large and small arteries and veins, and capillary networks. The focus of this chapter is the development of the pulmonary circulation in the normal lung as this evolves through the embryo/fetus to birth and the postnatal stage; and its continued development through childhood to the adult. In principle, the central large pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins have a wall structure that reflects their role as conduits of deoxygenated or oxygenated blood. In addition to this function, the distal vascular loops of small thin-walled pulmonary (precapillary) arteries, capillaries, and (postcapillary) veins, which together form the lung’s microcirculation, serve as part of a gas-exchange surface for blood transiting this complex network. Blood vessels form and assemble networks in a series of elegant and intricate steps. Since the lung’s vasculature cannot develop in isolation from its airways, the mechanisms of morphogenesis discussed include, in brief, ones regulating specification of the lung primordium, and the early formation of the lung bud and airways. Mechanisms of alveologenesis, as these pertain to capillary bed formation, are also considered.
Wholeness and Center Properties Mapped to Modeling

Assessing the intensity of life in an information system requires a determination of what wholeness means in that context. This chapter presents a mapping of the 15 properties of centers onto modeling and information systems. Recall that Alexander’s centers are translated as the concept of choices in the cognitive space of information systems, so it is with the 15 property descriptions that follow. Each property in the list below is first defined in Alexander’s architectural terms and then expressed in terms of modeling choices [1]. To complete the translation, each center property is expressed as a term more closely aligned with modeling in information systems.
Chapter 1.5 The attributes of episodic memory processing

Abstract Despite decades of research on episodic memory in humans, a universally accepted model of episodic memory processes in animals has not been developed. Selectively isolating and probing the “what,” “when,” and “where” of a given behavioral episode has proven very difficult in nonhuman primates, rodents, and birds. In this chapter, a novel description of episodic memory processing in rodents is presented in which the processes underlying behavioral episodes are dissected into component domains called attributes. It is subsequently demonstrated that the concurrent presence or behavioral relevance of any or all attributes does not necessarily make a given memory process episodic in nature. It is demonstrated that a specific type of interaction between temporal, sensory/perceptual, and spatial attributes results in behavioral episodes that can be retrieved via hippocampus-dependent episodic retrieval processes. The role of the hippocampus in mediating these attributes will be discussed, followed by a discussion of contributions from the amygdala, caudate, and perirhinal cortex to episodic-like memory processes and how damage to these structures cause episodic-like memory deficits.
Wechsler Administration and Scoring Errors Made by Graduate Students and School Psychologists

Individuals trained in the use of cognitive tests should be able to complete an assessment without making administrative, scoring, or recording errors. However, an examination of 295 Wechsler proto...
Toward a Common Research Model: Leveraging Education Abroad Participation to Enhance College Graduation Rates:

This article calls for a common research model that can be replicated across institutions to systematically collect data on the impact of education abroad participation on college graduation rates....
Rapid Fabrication of Epidermal Paper-Based Electronic Devices Using Razor Printing

This work describes the use of a benchtop razor printer to fabricate epidermal paper-based electronic devices (EPEDs). This fabrication technique is simple, low-cost, and compatible with scalable manufacturing processes. EPEDs are fabricated using paper substrates rendered omniphobic by their cost-effective silanization with fluoroalkyl trichlorosilanes, making them inexpensive, water-resistant, and mechanically compliant with human skin. The highly conductive inks or thin films attached to one of the sides of the omniphobic paper makes EPEDs compatible with wearable applications involving wireless power transfer. The omniphobic cellulose fibers of the EPED provide a moisture-independent mechanical reinforcement to the conductive layer. EPEDs accurately monitor physiological signals such as ECG (electrocardiogram), EMG (electromyogram), and EOG (electro-oculogram) even in high moisture environments. Additionally, EPEDs can be used for the fast mapping of temperature over the skin and to apply localized thermotherapy. Our results demonstrate the merits of EPEDs as a low-cost platform for personalized medicine applications.
Automated Threat Report Classification over Multi-Source Data

With an increase in targeted attacks such as advanced persistent threats (APTs), enterprise system defenders require comprehensive frameworks that allow them to collaborate and evaluate their defense systems against such attacks. MITRE has developed a framework which includes a database of different kill-chains, tactics, techniques, and procedures that attackers employ to perform these attacks. In this work, we leverage natural language processing techniques to extract attacker actions from threat report documents generated by different organizations and automatically classify them into standardized tactics and techniques, while providing relevant mitigation advisories for each attack. A naive method to achieve this is by training a machine learning model to predict labels that associate the reports with relevant categories. In practice, however, sufficient labeled data for model training is not always readily available, so that training and test data come from different sources, resulting in bias. A naive model would typically underperform in such a situation. We address this major challenge by incorporating an importance weighting scheme called bias correction that efficiently utilizes available labeled data, given threat reports, whose categories are to be automatically predicted. We empirically evaluated our approach on 18,257 real-world threat reports generated between year 2000 and 2018 from various computer security organizations to demonstrate its superiority by comparing its performance with an existing approach.
Does the Chicago Safe Passage Program Reduce Reported Crime Around Elementary Schools? Evidence From Longitudinal, Geocoded Crime Data:

The Chicago Public School’s Safe Passage program is a large-scale intervention designed to improve the safety of students as they travel to and from schools. By placing hundreds of adult monitors o...
Airway and Respiratory System Damaging Events

Airway and respiratory are among the most common perioperative complications with adverse outcomes. Despite improved monitoring methods, these complications continue to occur in the perioperative period. Association of airway and respiratory complications with certain predisposing risk factors is well recognized. The airway and respiratory events in the perioperative period can be very common, simple, and easily manageable to rare, complex, and difficult to manage situations with potentially grave consequences. A thorough understanding of the various airway and respiratory issues that can occur in the perioperative period is the key to successful management and avoidance of serious adverse outcomes and fatalities. This chapter “Airway and respiratory system damaging events” discusses different types of perioperative airway and respiratory events including PACU (postanesthesia care unit) complications, airway trauma, the risk factors for such events in general among all age groups with focus on children and obese patient populations, and steps involved in prevention, preparation, prompt recognition, and treatment. The chapter also delves into the airway management of rare but fatal complications such as airway fire and trauma. This chapter also touches on the importance of monitoring a vigilant anesthesia provider and on the legality of the perioperative respiratory complications.
Outcomes of Surgery in Peyronie's Disease Following Intralesional Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injections.

To explore the potential hurdles surgeons may encounter when preforming surgical correction of penile curvature in patients with Peyronie’s Disease following intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum injections. Although limited data exists, retrospective analysis of surgeon experiences in surgical treatment of refractory penile curvature in patients with Peyronie’s disease appears to not result in more post-operative complications and may only slightly increase intra-operative difficulty. As the use of intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum continues to increase and patients who demonstrate persistent curvature despite treatment seek further management, the role of investigating the feasibility of surgery demonstrates significant importance. Although limited data exists, it appears that surgery following intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum is safe without added post-operative complications. At the present time, however, further data on intra-operative findings and post-operative outcomes remain necessary, and as the use of this intralesional therapy continues to rise, further information should become readily available.
Perspectives on Ecosystem Research: Big Questions and Future Directions

Ecosystem plays an increasingly important role in the value proposition for many firms. It represents a vibrant and important research stream for the management scholars. Given the explosion of res...
Combinations of elemental sulfur with demethylation inhibitor fungicides for management of late leaf spot (Nothopassalora personata) of peanut

Abstract Management of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide resistance in Nothopassalora personata, the cause of late spot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), is a challenge in peanut production areas of the southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA in 2017 and 2018, and in Plains, GA and Blackville, SC in 2018 to determine the effects of mixtures of micronized elemental sulfur with DMI fungicides, cyproconazole, and a premixture of prothioconazole plus tebuconazole on late leaf spot in fields with DMI-resistant populations of N. personata. Application of sulfur alone provided little reduction in final levels of defoliation compared to the nontreated control. However, mixtures of elemental sulfur with either cyproconazole or the premix of prothioconazole + tebuconazole provided the control that was superior to either of the DMI treatments alone. Greater than additive effects on final leaf spot severity were observed in all trials for mixtures of one or both of the DMI fungicide treatments and sulfur. Greater than additive effects on standardized area under the defoliation progress curve were observed for both DMI fungicide treatments with sulfur in trials at Tifton and Plains, GA. The results suggest that the addition of micronized elemental sulfur to DMI fungicides has potential to improve leaf spot control in fields where the efficacy of DMI fungicides alone is not adequate.
Wireless, passive strain sensor in a doughnut-shaped contact lens for continuous non-invasive self-monitoring of intraocular pressure

After cataract, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and real-time monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP) is of great demand. We present a wireless, passive sensor sitting inside a customized, planar and circular doughnut-shaped contact lens capable of continuous monitoring of the change in the curvature of cornea caused by IOP fluctuations. The sensor consists of a constant capacitor and a variable inductor in the form of a stretchable, closed-loop, serpentine wire that serves as both the sensor and the antenna. Results show a pressure responsivity of 523 kHz per 1% axial strain on a pressurized polydimethylsiloxane membrane and 35.1 kHz per 1 mmHg change in the IOP of a canine eye. The sensor is tested for stability and shows unvaried characteristics after repeated cycles and parasitic movements. Predictable influences of temperature and humidity on the sensor response are also verified experimentally, which can be canceled out using real-time calibration with temperature and humidity sensors to integrate with a reader device. The design reported here has numerous advantages, such as design simplicity, component reliability, high responsivity, and low cost, thereby opening up potential opportunities for the translation of this non-invasive, continuous IOP monitoring technique into clinical applications.
Survey and Continuous GNSS in the Vicinity of the July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquakes

Author(s): Floyd, Michael; Funning, Gareth; Fialko, Yuri; Terry, Rachel; Herring, Thomas | Abstract: Abstract The Mwn6.4 and Mwn7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes of July 2019 occurred within 34nhr of each other on conjugate strike-slip faults in the Mojave Desert, just north of the central Garlock fault. Here, we present the results of a survey of 18 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) sites conducted in the immediate aftermath of the earthquakes, including five sites that recorded the motion of the second earthquake after having been set up immediately following the first, as well as processed results from continuous GNSS sites throughout the region. Our field work in response to the earthquakes provides additional constraints on the ground displacement due to both earthquakes, complementing data from a spatially sparser network of continuously recording GNSS sites in the area, as well as temporally sparser Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data that were able to capture a combined deformation signal from the two earthquakes.
Does essentialism lead to racial prejudice? It is not so Black and White

Over half a century ago, psychologists hypothesized that social essentialism, an intuitive theory comprising the beliefs that social categories reflect naturally occurring distinctions and that category members share an underlying and fundamental essence, lays the foundation for prejudice. In the intervening decades, research has shown that although essentialism sometimes leads to prejudicial beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, it does not always, sometimes even leading to decreased prejudice toward stigmatized groups. The relation between essentialism and prejudice is clearly complex, but this review proposes four questions that will help clarify how and when essentialism leads to prejudice: (1) What precisely is essentialism and how might a more nuanced understanding of its components and structure shed light on the mechanisms by which essentialist beliefs contribute to prejudice?; (2) Do essentialist beliefs orient group-based prejudice toward out-groups or toward stigmatized groups, and what are the consequences of essentialist beliefs among those with minoritized identities?; (3) Do essentialist beliefs engender group-based prejudice directly, or must essentialist beliefs interact with additional information or belief systems to lead to negative consequences?; and (4) Do essentialist beliefs lay a foundation for group-based prejudice to develop, or is essentialism strategically invoked to justify existing prejudice? By posing these questions, describing what is currently known about each, and proposing future lines of inquiry that focus on the importance of including participants from a diverse set of backgrounds and across developmental periods, this review aims to stimulate research studies best designed to fill the gaps in our knowledge. By understanding how and when essentialism contributes to prejudice, we will be better equipped to use this early-emerging, but malleable, aspect of cognition to decrease prejudice and create a more equitable society.
Asynchronous Collaboration: Bridging the Cognitive Distance in Global Software Development Projects

Research problem: The role that physical, temporal, and cultural distances play in global software development projects has been well researched. Culturally diverse teams separated by physical distances across multiple time zones face significant challenges in collaborating effectively with each other. This article examines a fourth dimension—cognitive distance—that relates to the problem-solving style of teams that can also have an impact on their ability to collaborate successfully. Research questions: 1. Does cognitive distance affect communication among global software development teams collaborating with each other? 2. How does cognitive distance affect the sentiment/emotion of global software development teams collaborating with each other? Literature review: Prior research shows that collaboration among teams on global software development projects is impacted by practices to manage collaboration; appropriate use of collaboration technologies; collaboration readiness that relates to individual characteristics such as personality traits, motivation, and trust; and shared understanding in group problem-solving. While shared understanding has looked at the effectiveness of the use of common language and knowledge sharing, it has not examined how differences in problem-solving styles of geographically dispersed teams impact their ability to collaborate successfully. Methodology: We examined project artifacts and email communication among geographically dispersed teams within a global software development project. From the project artifacts, we examined tasks allocated to different teams. From the emails, we established the communication network and volume of communication, and performed a sentiment analysis on email content. This analysis allowed us to observe not only the quality of communication among the teams but also the sentiment/emotion that reflected how well they were working together. Results and discussion: Managing teams that vastly differ in problem-solving styles and tasks requires that project managers be aware of these differences and introduce liaisons that reach across the teams to help bridge the cognitive divide.
sp3-Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Localized Spins

Chemical functionalization-introduced sp3 quantum defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown compelling optical properties for their potential applications in quantum information...
NOX4 Mediates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Nuclear Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Chromatin Remodeling in Lung Epithelium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), and earlier, we have shown a role for NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in PA-mediated lung inflammation and injury. Here, we show a role for the lung epithelial cell (LEpC) NOX4 in PA-mediated chromatin remodeling and lung inflammation. Intratracheal administration of PA to Nox4flox/flox mice for 24 h caused lung inflammatory injury; however, epithelial cell-deleted Nox4 mice exhibited reduced lung inflammatory injury, oxidative stress, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased histone acetylation. In LEpCs, NOX4 was localized both in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, and PA stimulation increased the nuclear NOX4 expression and ROS production. Downregulation or inhibition of NOX4 and PKC δ attenuated the PA-induced nuclear ROS. PA-induced histone acetylation was attenuated by Nox4-specific siRNA, unlike Nox2. PA stimulation increased HDAC1/2 oxidation and reduced HDAC1/2 activity. The PA-induced oxidation of HDAC2 was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and siRNA specific for Pkc δ, Sphk2, and Nox4. PA stimulated RAC1 activation in the nucleus and enhanced the association between HDAC2 and RAC1, p-PKC δ, and NOX4 in LEpCs. Our results revealed a critical role for the alveolar epithelial NOX4 in mediating PA-induced lung inflammatory injury via nuclear ROS generation, HDAC1/2 oxidation, and chromatin remodeling.