cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Housing Redevelopment Strategies in the Wake of Katrina and Anti-Kelo Constitutional Amendments: Mapping a Path Through the Landscape of Disaster

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita inflicted extensive devastation on South Louisiana in August-September 2005. One year later, the state's voters inflicted a second storm of constitutional damage when they approved anti-Kelo amendments restricting the use of expropriation by state and local government. This article evaluates four housing redevelopment strategies in that altered legal landscape: Expropriation, sales of tax-delinquent properties, properties derived from the Road Home program, and code enforcement. The article concludes that strategies based on the use of expropriated and tax-delinquent properties will remain terribly troubled until the courts, the legislature, the state's voters, or some combination of them untie the legal knots that currently limit their redevelopment opportunities. Properties acquired through the Road Home Program offer better opportunities for redevelopment, but their relatively modest numbers will have only limited impact in a vast landscape of devastated structures. Code enforcement offers the best mechanism for processing tens of thousands of noncompliant properties within a reasonable time and for a reasonable cost. Code enforcement will also maximize private recovery responses by creating incentives for individual owners to repair their own properties or by allowing new purchasers to obtain the properties at auction.
Abstract 4031: Tissue Plasminogen Activator Exerts Neurotoxic Effects Despite Successful Thrombus Dissolution in Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Ischemic stroke, caused by thrombotic arterial occlusion, is a leading cause of death and disability. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) reduces neurological disability post-stroke in humans but its therapeutic effect is limited by ischemic time and hemorrhagic risk. Of concern, mechanical occlusion models of stroke suggest that TPA exerts direct neurotoxic effects, but the relevance of these non-thrombotic models to human stroke is controversial. Methods: We examined the integrated effects of TPA dose and ischemic time in a thromboembolic model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke with translational relevance to human stroke. In anesthetized mice, blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler, neuronal cell death was quantified by TTC staining and thrombus dissolution was measured with 125I-fibrin. Results: MCA thromboembolism reduced ipsilateral hemispheric blood flow by ∼80%. Control, placebo-treated, mice had significant infarcts (27.5±2.8%) and limited thromboembolus dissolution (20.6 ± 2.5%). Standard dose TPA given after 15 min. of ischemia, dissolved the thromboembolus (63.3±3.6 %) and reduced neuronal cell death (1.3± 0.7 %) without increasing hemorrhage (0.02 ± 0.02 %). TPA given after 1 hr. or 2.5 hrs. of ischemia also extensively dissolved the MCA thromboembolus (69.5 ± 8.1% and 64.6 ± 1.5%, respectively, p Conclusions: TPA dissolved MCA thromboemboli independent of duration of ischemia. However, TPA only reduced stroke size within a narrow time window (15 min.); after 2.5 hrs., TPA markedly enhanced neuronal cell death and brain hemorrhage. Thus, in a model of thromboembolic stroke with translational relevance, despite successful dissolution of thromboemboli, TPA exerts neurotoxic effects related to dose and duration of ischemia.
Review of experimental spheromak research and future prospects

A review of experimental spheromak research is presented, together with prospects of near-future experiments and some reactor considerations. In the several experiments based on different schemes, ...
Token protocol for high-speed fiber-optic local networks

U-Net (unidirectional network) is a local network consisting of two unidirectional buses. Stations are connected to the buses via passive taps (Fig. 1). Each tap includes a receiver and a transmitter with the following functions.
PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE DEFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH CELLULAR IMMUNODEFICIESCY: FOLLOW UP DURING TREAMENT

A female patient, at the moment 2½ years old, with a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency showed a gradual decrease of T cell immunity during the first year of life whereas B cell immunity developed normally (1) Later on in life some disturbance of B cell immunity also developed as could be concluded from the appearance of homogeneous immunoglobulins in the serum from the decrease in the synthesis of specific antibodies. Earlier studies (1, 2) have shown that an inherited PNP deficiency existed in two older sisters of the patient, both suffered from the same immunodeficiency and have died. The oldest sister has been treated with several thymus transplants, resulting in a partial and transient restoration of T cell function. However the most obvious therapeutic approach of these patients would be correction of the consequences of the metabolic defect. Therefore, the patient under study was treated by oral substitution with uridine and purines and afterwards with several transfusions of irradiated red cells and plasma. The former treatment was rather unsuccessfull, the latter resulted in a remarkable change in the metabolic state of the patient and some improvement of in vicro immune functions. In contrast to findings of Polmar et al. (3) in a ADA deficient patient, complete immunological restoration could not be Achieved by this treatment until now. References: 1. J.W. Stoop et al., New Engl.J.Mcd. 296 (1977) 651-655 2. J.W. Stoop et al., Ctin.Immunol.Immunopath. 6 (1976) 289-298 3. S.H. Polmar et al., New Engl.J.Med. 295 (1976) 1337-1343
A Review of “Mending a Shattered Heart: A Guide for Partners of Sex Addicts”

The goal of Mending a Shattered Heart is to support, validate, and offer answers to partners of sex addicts in the aftermath of discovery or disclosure of the addiction. Stefanie Carnes, PhD, licen...
Mycetoma or pseudomycetoma? A distinctive mycosis caused by dermatophytes

A 13-year old black girl presented with an unusual scalp lesion felt to be compatible with mycotic granuloma. She had undergone surgery two years earlier for removal of three similar scalp lesions. Material excised during surgical removal of the cyst-like lesion again revealed histopathology compatible with mycotic granuloma. Surgical material cultured out pure growth of a fungus identified as Microsporum canis Bodin. Subsequent histopathological study of the infected tissue resulted in a diagnosis of dermatophytic 'mycetoma'. The disease will be reviewed and discussed as regards its nomenclature, histopathology and salient clinical features.
Dedicated Three-dimensional Breast Computed Tomography: Lesion Characteristic Perception by Radiologists.

Objectives: To assess radiologist confidence in the characterization of suspicious breast lesions with a dedicated three-dimensional breast computed tomography (DBCT) system in comparison to diagnostic two-dimensional digital mammography (dxDM). Materials and Methods: Twenty women were recruited who were to undergo a breast biopsy for a Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 or 5 lesion evaluated with dxDM in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. The enrolled subjects underwent imaging of the breast(s) of concern using DBCT. Seven radiologists reviewed the cases. Each reader compared DBCT to the dxDM and was asked to specify the lesion type and BI-RADS score for each lesion and modality. They also compared lesion characteristics: Shape for masses or morphology for calcifications; and margins for masses or distribution for calcifications between the modalities using confidence scores (0-100). Results: Twenty-four biopsied lesions were included in this study: 17 (70.8%) masses and 7 (29.2%) calcifications. Eight (33.3%) lesions were malignant, and 16 (66.7%) were benign. Across all lesions, there was no significant difference in the margin/distribution (Δ = −0.99, P = 0.84) and shape/morphology (Δ = −0.10, P = 0.98) visualization confidence scores of DBCT in relation to dxDM. However, analysis by lesion type showed a statistically significant increase in reader shape (Δ =11.34, P = 0.013) and margin (Δ =9.93, P = 0.023) visualization confidence with DBCT versus dxDM for masses and significant decrease in reader morphology (Δ = −29.95, P = 0.001) and distribution (Δ = −28.62, P = 0.002) visualization confidence for calcifications. Conclusion: Reader confidence in the characterization of suspicious masses is significantly improved with DBCT, but reduced for calcifications. Further study is needed to determine whether this technology can be used for breast cancer screening.
Dynamic Surface Structures and Reactivity of Vanadium-Containing Molybdophosphoric Acid (H3+xPMo12–xVxO40) Keggin Catalysts during Methanol Oxidation and Dehydration

The influence of introducing VOx sites into the primary, bulk structure of molybdenum-containing polyoxometalate H3+xPMo12–xVxO40 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) and secondary, surface structure of supported VOx/H3PMo12O40 Keggins was investigated to establish their structure–reactivity/selectivity relationships. The resulting Keggins were physically characterized (solid-state 51V NMR and in situ FT-IR, Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy) and chemically probed with CH3OH (CH3OH-TPSR spectroscopy and steady-state methanol oxidation/dehydration). The introduction of the VOx sites into the primary Keggin structure resulted in structural disorder that facilitated decomposition of the Keggins at elevated temperatures and under the corrosive methanol reaction environment. The decomposition was reflected in the expelling of the VOx units from the primary Keggin structure into the secondary surface VOx sites where they reacted with surface acidic hydroxyls. For the first time, it was demonstrated that methanol is present as both sor...
On The Scalability of the Market-Based Solution to the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem

In previous works we developed a market-based solution to the problem of assigning mobile agents to tasks. We showed that this solution is near-optimal, quick, and can naturally incorporate fuzzy logic to deal with uncertainty in task locations to reduce sensitivity. In this work we develop a hierarchical market and show that it provides results that are more optimal than the results of the Carlsson algorithm for the Min-Max Multiple Depots Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem. We also demonstrate the ability of this algorithm to solve problems with thousands of cities and a hundred salesmen.
Visceral adiposity predicts subclinical white matter hyperintensities in middle-aged adults.

Summary Objective Growing prevalence of neuropathology and cognitive impairment are emerging consequences of the obesity epidemic. Adiposity indices used in examining the relationships between obesity, neuropathology, and cognition vary substantially in the literature leading to incongruent findings. Our aim was to determine the anthropometric measures most strongly associated with early white matter disease and cognitive function at midlife. Method Multiple adiposity indices were measured in 126 adults aged 40–62 who also completed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to quantify white matter disease and a cognitive test battery. Anthropometric indices of obesity were compared to image-based estimates of visceral adipose tissue with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as predictors of current white matter disease and cognitive function. We also explored sex as a potential moderator of these relationships. Results Waist circumference (WC) was most strongly correlated with DEXA estimates of visceral adipose tissue ( r =0.871, p β =0.231, p =0.034), percent body fat ( β =0.230, p =0.045), and VAT ( β =0.247, p =0.027) significantly predicted subclinical white matter hyperintensities in the absence of cognitive impairment after accounting for age, sex, years of education, and cardiovascular risk factors. Sex was not a significant moderator of any of the observed relationships. Conclusions Of the anthropometric indices used in this study, WC, BF, and VAT successfully predicted subclinical white matter disease in cognitively normal adults at midlife. Increasing VAT may independently insidiously affect cerebral white matter prior to detectable cognitive changes, necessitating early intervention.
Evaluation of multiple drug resistance in human bladder cancer cell lines

Abstract We evaluated multidrug resistance (MDR) in human bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC-2, UM-UC-6, UM-UC-9 and the UM-UC-6dox subline induced to doxorubicin resistance by in vitro doxorubicin exposure. We compared the profile of multidrug resistance in these cell lines with that of the UM-UC-3 human renal cancer cell line. Of these cell lines, UM-UC-2 was most sensitive to both doxorubicin and etoposide, while UM-UC-6, UM-UC-9 and UM-UC-3 showed 1.5-, 2.1-, and 5.4-fold more resistance to doxorubicin than UM-UC-2 cells. These cell lines were also more resistant to etoposide than UM-UC-2. Addition of verapamil at 10 μΜ. reduced the doxorubicin resistance in UM-UC-6 and UM-UC-6dox cells, but UM-UC-9 cells showed little change in doxorubicin sensitivity in the presence of verapamil. In a model of intravesical (short-term) treatment verapamil increased the doxorubicin sensitivity of UM-UC-6dox but not that of UM-UC-6 cells. This effect in UM-UC-6dox cells was enhanced by continuously treating with verapamil after doxorubicin had been removed. Western blot analysis with rabbit anti-human P-glycoprotein polyclonal antibody demonstrated a distinct increase in P-glycoprotein in the resistant cell lines as compared with UM-UC-2. P-glycoprotein expression was roughly proportional to the degree of resistance to both doxorubicin and etoposide, but did not always correlate with the effect of verapamil on decreasing doxorubicin resistance. These results suggest that multidrug resistance is an important phenomenon in bladder cancer and that more than one pathway of multidrug resistance may be present in human bladder cancer cell lines.
Can overt diabetes mellitus be predicted by an early A1C value in gestational diabetics

Objective To test the hypothesis that a hemoglobin A1C value (A1C) in early pregnancy is predictive of overt diabetes mellitus (DM) postpartum in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Study design In this case-control analysis of women with an early pregnancy diagnosis of GDM, we estimated the association between an early pregnancy A1C and subsequent diagnosis of DM. Women with a normal postpartum diabetic screen (controls) were compared against those with confirmed postpartum DM (cases). Ability of A1C levels to predict DM was examined via logistic regression analysis and corresponding receiver operating characteristic values. Results During the 10-year study period 166 women met the inclusion criteria: 140 (84%) had normal postpartum testing (controls), and 26 (16%) were diagnosed with DM (cases). The mean A1C value was significantly higher among cases than controls (6.7 vs. 5.6, p 5.9% (sensitivity 81%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 47%, negative predictive value Conclusion Our findings suggest that an elevated early pregnancy A1C may be predictive of overt DM. Larger studies are needed to further validate this association.
Strategies for avoiding errors and ambiguities in the analysis of oscillatory pumping tests.

Abstract Oscillatory pumping tests have recently seen a resurgence in interest as a strategy for aquifer characterization. In a cross-well pumping test, measured responses to oscillatory pumping tests consist of the amplitude and phase delay of pressure changes at an observation well. This information can be used to obtain estimates of effective aquifer parameters (conductivity and storage coefficients), by fitting field data with an analytical model through parameter estimation. Alternately, multiple pumping tests can be fit simultaneously through tomographic analyses. However, in both cases, analysis of obtained test results may be ambiguous if “phase wrapping” occurs, i.e. if signals are delayed by more than one period. In this work, we demonstrate scenarios under which phase wrapping can make analysis of oscillatory testing difficult, and present guidelines for avoiding ambiguity in oscillatory testing results.
Data, Models, Thresholds

The scientific method involves developing models (typically referred to as hypotheses) and then collecting and analyzing data to see how well the model fits the data. This chapter discusses the source of data used in DNA analysis and introduces models and thresholds important to DNA interpretation.
DELAYED SENSITIVITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

This chapter presents an overview of significance of delayed sensitivity. Three principal types of response might be observed when allergic individuals encounter the material to which they are sensitive. The three types are the anaphylactic reaction, the “Arthus” reaction, and delayed responses/reaction. Delayed reaction is encountered as contact dermatitis in the form of reactions developing slowly on the skin after the sensitized individuals touch the material to which they are sensitive. These substances include certain botanical specimens, chemical substances, and certain antibiotics and drugs. Delayed hypersensitivity is found in the individuals who have experienced microbial diseases—tuberculosis, tularemia, brucellosis, or fungal diseases such as histoplasmosis, or viral diseases as epidemic parotitis or lymphogranulomatosis, or infestations with certain parasites. The existence of hypersensitivity in these cases is demonstrated by preparing some type of extract of the causative agent and injecting it into the skin in carefully chosen, low concentrations. As in the case of contact dermatitis, reactions develop slowly at the site of the injection.
Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis: An Example

Second order confirmatory factor analysis is a technique for interpreting scales as multi-level as well as multidimensional by bringing various dimensions under the rubric of a common higher level factor. This paper illustrates this technique with a second order confirmatory factor analysis of the Se If-Consciousnes s Scale (Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss 1975) and shows the implications for marketing researchers and marketing practitioners.
Attorney general’s task force on violent crime--1981 three recommendations for legal reform in the criminal justice system

In the spring of 1981 Attorney General William F. Smith appointed a Task Force on Violent Crime with the assignment to report to him concerning specific ways in which the federal government could do more to assist in controlling violent crime without limiting its efforts against organized crime and white-collar crime. The Task Force submitted their final report which contained 64 recommendations. Three of the recommendations concerned the insanity defense, the exclusionary rule and habeas corpus actions.
Spatial Clockwork Recurrent Neural Network for Muscle Perimysium Segmentation

Accurate segmentation of perimysium plays an important role in early diagnosis of many muscle diseases because many diseases contain different perimysium inflammation. However, it remains as a challenging task due to the complex appearance of the perymisum morphology and its ambiguity to the background area. The muscle perimysium also exhibits strong structure spanned in the entire tissue, which makes it difficult for current local patch-based methods to capture this long-range context information. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial clockwork recurrent neural network (spatial CW-RNN) to address those issues. Specifically, we split the entire image into a set of non-overlapping image patches, and the semantic dependencies among them are modeled by the proposed spatial CW-RNN. Our method directly takes the 2D structure of the image into consideration and is capable of encoding the context information of the entire image into the local representation of each patch. Meanwhile, we leverage on the structured regression to assign one prediction mask rather than a single class label to each local patch, which enables both efficient training and testing. We extensively test our method for perimysium segmentation using digitized muscle microscopy images. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the novel spatial CW-RNN over other existing state of the arts.
Knowledge-Aided Range-Spread Target Detection for Distributed MIMO Radar in Nonhomogeneous Environments

This paper deals with the problem of detecting a moving range-spread target in distributed MIMO radar. A new knowledge-aided (KA) model that takes into account the nonhomogenous characteristics of the disturbance (clutter and noise) in distributed MIMO radar is proposed. Specifically, the disturbance covariance matrices corresponding to different transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) pairs are modeled as random matrices. These covariance matrices share a prior covariance matrix structure but with different power levels to model the nonhomogeneous clutter powers across different Tx-Rx pairs. Two cases are considered, involving either no range training (i.e., when the disturbance is highly nonhomogeneous) or some range training data. For the first case, we develop a KA generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for range-spread target detection, along with a simplified version of the KA-GLRT for point-like target detection. For the second case, the KA-GLRT becomes computationally intractable, a simple ad-doc KA detector is introduced to take advantage of training data for range-spread target detection. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed detectors in nonhomogeneous environments.
Studies of TDS-1 GNSS-R ocean altimetry using a “full DDM” retrieval approach

The use of GNSS-R (Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry) for Earth remote sensing is becoming an increasingly attractive approach thanks to its inexpensive and passive method. While GNSS-R ocean altimetry has been studied extensively, previous studies have focused on the use of the delay waveform (DW) only in the retrieval of sea surface height. This paper presents sea surface height retrievals using a “full Delay-Doppler Map (DDM)” method, and applies the approach to measurements of TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1), a recent space-borne mission. The End-to-End Simulator (E2ES) of GNSS-R waveforms developed for the CYGNSS mission is adapted for use with TDS-1 and applied as the forward model used in the retrieval process. Comparisons between measured and modeled DDMs have been conducted as a first step to validate this process. Retrievals of sea surface height using both the DW and full-DDM methods will be reported in the presentation. Potential methods for improving estimation error for future GNSS-R missions will also be described in the presentation.
Numerical Study of the Fluid Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Non-transferred DC ARC Thermal Plasma Reactor

Numerical modeling of the thermal plasma process was carried out based on the thermal plasma reactor in our lab and confirmed using experimental data. The inlet boundary conditions of a non-transferred DC arc thermal plasma reactor were used in modeling the temperature and fluid flow distribution in the reactor. Different mesh grid sizes were used to confirm the model is independent of grid size. Temperature profile and gas flow distribution in the thermal plasma reactor were developed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS Fluent. The predicted temperatures are in good agreement with the experimentally measured temperatures in the reactor. The influence of plasma torch input power as well as the plasma gas flux on the temperature distribution was investigated using this model. The influence of power input and gas flow rate on temperature and velocity distributions are not independent. Generally, higher power input and lower gas flow rate will give rise to the temperature increase in the reactor.
Estimating the Magnitude of Private Collection of Points and Its Effects on Professional Survey Results: A Michigan Case Study

Chipped-stone projectile points are used to mark the passage of time and cultures in the record. Archaeologists often recover points in surface survey, yet we do not know how many were found by private collectors before or after professional work. In a 1975–1977 Michigan probabilistic survey, professional archaeologists documented 30 private collections from 20 sample units. In those units, points found by private collectors outnumber professionally recovered ones by a factor of about 32. The survey region's point population estimated separately from the professional and private-collection samples differs by nearly an order of magnitude in favor of private collections, despite highly conservative assumptions about the latter. The number of points found in professional survey is inversely correlated with the number found in private collections, and the professional sample is more sparsely and randomly distributed. However, proportions of several common types are similar between professional and private collections. To the extent that large, reasonably complete samples of points are important for research and preservation, archaeologists must document private collections compiled in and near their survey areas.
Micro-array isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs): the droplet biopsy chip

We present a new method for circulating tumor cell capture based on micro-array isolation from droplets. Called droplet biopsy, our technique uses a 76-element array of carbon nanotube devices functionalized with anti-EpCAM and antiHer2 antibodies for immunocapture of spiked breast cancer cells in the blood. This droplet biopsy chip can enable capture of CTCs based on both positive and negative selection strategy. Negative selection is achieved through depletion of contaminating leukocytes through the differential settling of blood into layers. We report 55%-100% cancer cell capture yield in this first droplet biopsy chip study. The droplet biopsy is an enabling idea where one can capture CTCs based on multiple biomarkers in a single blood sample.
Achieving the Holy Grail of Emergency Department Evaluation for Chest Pain

The emergency department (ED) sits at the interface between the inpatient and outpatient delivery arms of the US healthcare system. For each encounter, emergency providers must determine to what extent the patients in their charge would benefit from further care in the hospital. In an ideal state, those decisions are precisely determined, with patients selected to stay who would truly benefit. In reality, those decisions are complex and highly variable.1 See Article by Frisoli et al There is no clinical condition that better symbolizes this challenge in the ED than the symptom of chest pain,2 which brings with it a heterogeneous mix of patient populations and underlying diagnoses. On the one hand, most chest pain symptoms ultimately have a benign course. On the other hand, some patients with chest pain are diagnosed with serious, life-threatening conditions that require timely interventions. The combination is volatile—we annually spend substantial amounts of healthcare resources endeavoring to discriminate between these 2 groups of patients. As the authors Frisoli et al3 note in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes , chest pain is common and costly. Clinicians and investigators have been hacking away at chest pain for >3 decades,4 looking for the elusive holy grail solution to this quandary: a single tool or combination of tools that perfectly sorts patients presenting to the ED with chest pain for which acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a consideration into those at high enough risk to require further diagnostic work versus those at low enough risk to be safely discharged.5 The consequences on both sides of the ledger are substantial. On the underdiagnosis side are missed immediate and directly downstream major adverse cardiac events, generally defined as acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary angiography revealing procedurally …
Assessing the effects of RAP, RAS, and warm-mix technologies on fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures and pavements using viscoelastic continuum damage approach

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating recycled materials, i.e., reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS), and the use of warm-mix technologies on fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures and pavement structures using the viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) approach. For this purpose, ten mixtures from the full-scale test lanes constructed at the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) were acquired and characterized in the laboratory. The dynamic modulus test and direct tension cyclic fatigue test were employed to assess the linear viscoelastic property and fatigue characteristics, respectively. Within the VECD framework, two parameters, namely material fatigue sensitivity (MFS) and structure fatigue sensitivity (SFS) were developed to represent the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures and their performance in pavement structures, respectively. Both parameters can be easily obtained via the strain-based fatigue simulation using the experimental data without extra requirements on the specimen failure location and the number of cycles to failure in the cyclic fatigue test. The validity of MFS was verified by the critical strain energy release rate obtained from semi-circular bend (SCB) testing at intermediate temperature. Based on the obtained dynamic modulus and MFS data, an increase in the content of recycled materials was able to enhance the stiffness of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures while compromising the fatigue resistance. Implementation of warm-mix technologies benefited materials’ fatigue performance but the improvement was not substantial. Use of soft binder yielded pronounced fatigue benefits for HMA mixtures with high RAP content. The proposed SFS parameter resulted in the same performance ranking of the ALF lanes as the measured fatigue lives. Moreover, quantitatively a power-law function was found to adequately correlate SFS with the field measurements.
A Brief History of Delta Formation and Deterioration

The Mississippi River (MR) delta formed over the last several 1000 years as a series of overlapping deltaic lobes in various stages of progradation and deterioration that were sustained by overbank flooding and crevasses of the Mississippi River and active distributaries. To the west of the delta complex stretches the smooth shoreline of the Chenier Plain, which was created by the intermittent westward drift of sediments from the MR forming a series of beach ridges and mud flats. Beginning in the eighteenth century and greatly accelerating throughout the twentieth century, the delta has been impacted by a variety of human activities, most importantly by the separation of the Mississippi River from its deltaic plain, which has caused massive wetland loss during the last century. Other factors exacerbating wetland loss includes altered hydrology due to the proliferation of dredged canals and deep-well fluid withdrawal associated with the oil and gas industry, intentional impoundment for waterfowl management, and herbivory by nutria. The only place where wetland loss has not been high is at the Atchafalaya and Wax Lake delta complex, which are part of the beginning stages of a major new deltaic lobe development fed by the Atchafalaya River distributary that carries about a third of the combined lower MR discharge. One of the greatest threats to MR delta wetlands is accelerating sea-level rise due to a combination of subsidence and eustatic sea-level rise (ESLR), which ranges from 2–17 mm year−1 in the delta.
Incidence and impact of adverse drug events contributing to hospital readmissions in kidney transplant recipients.

Abstract Background The incidence and impact of adverse drug events (ADEs) leading to hospitalization and as a predominant risk factor for late graft loss has not been studied in transplantation. Methods This was a longitudinal cohort study of adult kidney recipients transplanted between 2005 and 2010 and followed through 2013. There were 3 cohorts: no readmissions, readmissions not due to an adverse drug event, and adverse drug events contributing to readmissions. The rationale of the adverse drug events contribution to the readmission was categorized in terms of probability, preventability, and severity. Results A total of 837 patients with 963 hospital readmissions were included; 47.9% had at least one hospital readmission and 65.0% of readmissions were deemed as having an ADE contribute. The predominant causes of readmissions related to ADEs included non-opportunistic infections (39.6%), opportunistic infections (10.5%), rejection (18.1%), and acute kidney injury (11.8%). Over time, readmissions due to under-immunosuppression (rejection) significantly decreased (−1.6% per year), while those due to over-immunosuppression (infection, cancer, or cytopenias) significantly increased (2.1% increase per year [difference 3.7%, P = .026]). Delayed graft function, rejection, creatinine, graft loss, and death were all significantly greater in those with an ADE that contributed to a readmission compared the other two cohorts (P Conclusion These results demonstrate that ADEs may be associated with a significant increase in the risk of hospital readmission after kidney transplant and subsequent graft loss.
Antagonism toward the intestinal microbiota and its effect on Vibrio cholerae virulence

The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a nanomachine that delivers toxic effector proteins into target cells, killing them. In mice, we found that the Vibrio cholerae T6SS attacks members of the host commensal microbiota in vivo, facilitating the pathogen’s colonization of the gut. This microbial antagonistic interaction drives measurable changes in the pathogenicity of V. cholerae through enhanced intestinal colonization, expression of bacterial virulence genes, and activation of host innate immune genes. Because ablation of mouse commensals by this enteric pathogen correlated with more severe diarrheal symptoms, we conclude that antagonism toward the gut microbiota could improve the fitness of V. cholerae as a pathogen by elevating its transmission to new susceptible hosts.
No fish, no mall. Industrial fish produce new subjectivities in Southern Chile

Abstract This article draws on recent theories of assemblage to consider the more-than-human geographies involved in the production of new consumer-oriented urban landscapes. Primarily drawing on Bruno Latour (2005), this article develops key conceptual tools through an examination of the Mall Paseo Chiloe in southern Chile and the more-than-human objects and processes that play a role in its inception. While this article is concerned with neoliberal retail capital and its expansion, this article focuses on how the possibilities for this expansion were produced, in part, by the force of techno-industrial salmon aquaculture that had arrived in the region in previous years. Importantly, this salmon-commodity holds together a series of human-environment relationships that make the arrival of the shopping mall possible in the first place. The mall is then conceptualized as an assemblage, with the salmon working as the linchpin that holds together multiple relations between the physical, built and emotional environments at the Chiloe archipelago.
Attenuation of murine acute lung injury by PF-573,228, an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase.

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by endothelial barrier disruption resulting in increased vascular permeability. As focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is involved in endothelial cell (EC) barrier regulation, we hypothesized that FAK inhibition could attenuate agonist-induced EC barrier disruption relevant to ALI. Human lung EC were pretreated with one of three pharmacologic FAK inhibitors, PF-573,228 (PF-228, 10 μM), PF-562,271 (PF-271, 5 μM) or NVP-TAE226 (TAE226, 5 μM) for 30 min prior to treatment with thrombin (1 U/ml, 30 min). Western blotting confirmed attenuated thrombin-induced FAK phosphorylation associated with all three inhibitors. Subsequently, EC were pretreated with either PF-228 (10 μM), TAE226 (5 μM) or PF-271 (5 μM) for 30 min prior to thrombin stimulation (1 U/ml) followed by measurements of barrier integrity by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER). Separately, EC grown in transwell inserts prior to thrombin (1 U/ml) with measurements of FITC-dextran flux after 30 min confirmed a significant attenuation of thrombin-induced EC barrier disruption by PF-228 alone. Finally, in a murine ALI model induced by LPS (1.25 mg/ml, IT), rescue treatment with PF-228 was associated with significantly reduced lung injury. Our findings PF-228, currently being studied in clinical trials, may serve as a novel and effective therapeutic agent for ALI.
Some Fast Heuristics for Inferring a Boolean Function from Examples

The previous two chapters discussed the development and key mathematical properties of some branch-and-bound (B&B) branch-and-bound (B&B) approaches for inferring a Boolean function in the form of a compact (i.e., with as few clauses as possible) CNF or DNF expression from two collections of disjoint examples. As was described in Chapters 2 and 3, the B&B approaches may take a long time to run (actually, they are of exponential time complexity).
4.3 Pedogenesis with Respect to Geomorphology

The integration of soil and geomorphological studies constitute the scientific field known as soil geomorphology. Soil geomorphological studies consist of six principal components, including the development of chronosequences, soils as indicators of landscape stability, soils as indicators of climate change, soil development and drainage basin evolution, soils as indicators of erosion and deposition processes, and soils as indicators of Quaternary parent materials and stratigraphy. Land surface morphology fundamentally controls patterns of water movement across and through the landscape. These patterns in turn affect the way in which solid and dissolved materials move, giving rise to the formation of soils with distinctive properties. Soils that have been indurated and formed duricrusts exert profound influences on landscape morphology.
Shared Decision Making and Labor Management in Parturients

Overweight and obesity are risk factors for several labor and postpartum complications, including macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, and cesarean delivery. Anesthesia and surgical intervention also present unique challenges, but research has provided new insights on how to reduce complications in these two areas. Providers can use currently available evidence to counsel patients, and this conversation should begin during the prenatal period. Further research is needed to address the gaps in our understanding of the most effective methods of delivery and postpartum care for overweight and obese women.
Evaluation and Management of Skin Disease

The term “scleroderma” originates from the Greek “sklerosis,” meaning hardness, and “derma,” meaning skin. The skin hardening in diffuse, limited, and localized forms of scleroderma is the most clinically evident aspect of the disease and creates significant functional and emotional challenges for patients. The dermal fibrosis that causes hardening of the skin in these diseases is also associated with distressing disfigurement, dyspigmentation, and dysregulation of normal skin functions such as sweating and oil production. The sclerotic areas of skin can develop ulcerations, infection, or calcifications that can lead to significant morbidity.
P138 Clinical characteristics of patients who manifest unexplained crossmatch results for solid organ transplantation

Aim The flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) and the virtual crossmatch (VCXM) assess compatibility between solid organ donors and recipients. Theoretically, both methods should give the same results. Realistically, however, they can be discrepant due to limitations of assays used to detect alloantibodies, non-HLA alloantibodies, autoantibodies, and non-specific reactivity. We sought to identify clinical features of patients who manifest such discrepancies, hypothesizing an association with female gender, autoimmune disease, and potential heart recipients. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all living and deceased donor FCXMs (performed using BD FacsCanto flow cytometer, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) for solid organ transplant offers for patients at University of California San Diego from 2015 to 2017. Based on previous validation studies, a positive FCXM was coded as ”expected” when a single donor-specific HLA antibody (detected using LABScreen single antigen assay, One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA) demonstrated a mean fluorescent intensity of 3,000 or higher, or when the sum of multiple antibodies reached that threshold. Deceased donor typing was performed using LinkSeq real-time polymerase chain reaction kit (Linkage Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA). Living donor HLA genotyping was performed by SSO or NGS-based methods. FCXMs with unexpected positive results were investigated. Results 1594 FCXMs (1369 for kidney, 139 for heart, 47 for lung, and 39 for multiple organs) for 967 potential recipients (621 males, 346 females) were analyzed. Unexpected positive results occurred in 109 T cell FCXMs in 81 patients (8%) and 40 B cell FCXMs in 23 patients (2%). Analysis by both crossmatch and patient demonstrated correlations with female gender (T cell p Conclusions Unexpected positive FCXMs correlate with female gender, but not with transplant organ. In 5 cases with persistent unexpected positive FCXMs, we have successfully transplanted patients using the VCXM.
Gender, Education, and Physical Health among Adults in Central Mexico:

In this paper, we apply an intersectional perspective and test whether resource substitution, which predicts that education will be more strongly related to the health of women than men, is operati...
Attenuated Total Reflectance Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of an Organic Liquid-Phase Chemical Reaction

A mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer coupled to an attenuated total reflectance cell is used to monitor the hydration of mesityl oxide (MO) into diacetone alcohol (DAA). Our method provides real-time concentrations for MO and DAA. © Work of US government; not subject to copyright. © 2019 The Author(s)
Care of the Newborn

The resuscitation of a distressed newborn is a specialty in itself, and most emergency physicians have limited experience in this field. This chapter reviews the critical points in the resuscitation of both term and preterm infants and provides a readily accessible guide to enable the emergency physician to provide delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit levels of care in the emergency department. We review the basic physiology of neonatal circulation as it transitions during birth and the complications that can occur with that process. We provide an extensive review of the neonatal resuscitation algorithm, and a guide for post-resuscitative care and definitive treatment. Additionally, there is a comprehensive description of the various procedures required during neonatal resuscitation from chest compressions to umbilical line placement.
¿Read Conmigo?: The Effect of Code-switching Storybooks on Dual-Language Learners’ Retention of New Vocabulary

Research Findings: Storybooks provide opportunities for children to encounter new words in context and build vocabulary. Storybooks intended for dual-language learners (DLLs) can come in two types ...
Assessing the Practice Characteristics of Otolaryngology Same-Day Appointments in an Academic Center.

Objectivesto Examine the practice characteristics of same-day clinic appointments and the use of same-day appointment scheduling to provide access to care in an otolaryngology–head and neck surgery...
Microstructural development in DED stainless steels: applying welding models to elucidate the impact of processing and alloy composition

Austenitic stainless steel microstructures produced by directed energy deposition (DED) are analogous to those developed during welding, particularly high energy density welding. To better understand microstructural development during DED, theories of microstructural evolution, which have been established to contextualize weld microstructures, are applied in this study to microstructural development in DED austenitic stainless steels. Phenomenological welding models that describe the development of oxide inclusions, compositional microsegregation, ferrite, matrix austenite grains, and dislocation substructures are utilized to clarify microstructural evolution during deposition of austenitic stainless steels. Two different alloys, 304L and 316L, are compared to demonstrate the broad applicability of this framework for understanding microstructural development during the DED process. Despite differences in grain morphology and solidification mode for these two alloys (which can be attributed to compositional differences), similar tensile properties are achieved. It is the fine-scale compositional segregation and dislocation structures that ultimately determine the strength of these materials. The evolution of microsegregation and dislocation structures is shown to be dependent on the rapid solidification and thermomechanical history of the DED processing method and not the composition of the starting material.
Effect of milk intake and weaning strategy on measures of calf performance and feed utilization in group-housed Jersey calves

Increased milk intake in the preweaning period has been associated with improved rate of gain, improved health, reduced age at first calving and improved first lactation milk production. However, feeding higher levels of milk may slow starter pellet intake, delaying rumen adaptation, which can result in reduced rate of gain and impaired health in the post-weaning period. The study objective was to describe the effect of milk feeding rate and weaning strategy on measures of growth, health, feed intake, feed efficiency and economics in group-housed preweaned Jersey calves.
Flushing of Dense Gas from Bottomlands by Wind

Mappings of the areas of occurrence of fatalities in the aftermath of disasters such as those in Bhopal, India and at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, reveal strong influences of topography on channeling and inhibiting diffusion of dense gases. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out at the USEPA Fluid Modeling Facility to determine how fast a crosswind removes dense gas that is otherwise trapped in a topographic depression. V-shaped valleys set into the tunnel floor were used. A series of 92 steady-state experiments, with inflow of CO2 at the valley bottom balanced by outflow due to entrainment, established relationships between outflow rate, height of the dense gas pool in the valley, reference wind speed upwind of the valley, and relative gas density difference times gravity, g. Measurements of wind speed just above pool height, Us, confirmed that the outflow is proportional to Us 3/g’ for Froude number <1 and large Reynolds number, Re; it does not depend on valley width, W. At low Re a weak dependence on W was found; an algebraic expression fitting both large and small Re asymptotes revealed that molecular diffusion can dominate entrainment even at real-world scales if Us < 2 m/s. “Flushing” experiments using CO2 and SF6 with no inflow provided further support for relationships developed from the steady-state experiments.
EL DOCTOR ALBERTO REX GONZÁLEZ Y LA ARQUEOLOGÍA AMBIENTAL

Escribir sobre el comienzo de la arqueologia ambiental en la Argentina y el papel que le toco desempenar al Dr. Rex Gonzalez contendra un componente autobiografico, ya que el Jefe de la Division Arqueologia del Museo de La Plata y codirector de mi tesis doctoral, puso en mis manos la responsabilidad de desarrollarla. Se trata de un trabajo incompleto, ya que los graves hechos que afectaron al pais en la decada de 1970 interrumpieron ese fascinante proceso. Afortunadamente, una joven generacion de arqueologos ha retomado algunas de esas lineas, las ha remozado y enriquecido con nuevas ideas y nuevas tecnicas que permitiran mejorar y concluir aquello que impulso Rex Gonzalez hace casi cuatro decadas.