cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High‐Field MR microscopy using fast spin‐echoes

Fast spin-echo imaging has been investigated with attention to the requirements and opportunities for high-field MR microscopy. Two- and three-dimensional versions were implemented at 2.0 T, 7.1 T, and 9.4 T. At these fields, at least eight echoes were collectable with a 10 ms TE from fixed tissue specimens and living animals, giving an eightfold improvement in imaging efficiency. To reduce the phase-encoding gradient amplitude and its duty cycle, a modified pulse sequence with phase accumulation was developed. Images obtained using this pulse sequence exhibited comparable signal-to-noise (SNR) to those obtained from the conventional fast spin-echo pulse sequences. Signal losses due to imperfections in RF pulses and lack of phase rewinders were offset in this sequence by reduced diffusion losses incurred with the gradients required for MR microscopy. Image SNR, contrast, edge effects and spatial resolution for three k-space sampling schemes were studied experimentally and theoretically. One method of sampling k-space, 4-GROUP FSE, was found particularly useful in producing varied T2 contrast at high field. Two-dimensional images of tissue specimens were obtained in a total acquisition time of 1 to 2 min with in-plane resolution between 30 to 70 microns, and 3D images with 256(3) arrays were acquired from fixed rat brain tissue (isotropic voxel = 70 microns) and a living rat (isotropic voxel = 117 microns) in approximately 4.5 h.
Site and neighborhood environments for walking among older adults.

Abstract Walking has significant health and mobility benefits for older adults. Previous environment–walking studies have focused on neighborhood environments, overlooking proximate site-level characteristics. This study examines both the neighborhood and site-level environments. A survey was conducted with 114 older adults from five assisted-living facilities in Houston, TX. A subset of 61 participants’ environments was examined using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Multivariate analyses identified positive correlates of walking at the site level including yard landscaping and corner-lots, and neighborhood-level correlates including walking destinations, safety from crime, and sidewalks. Both site-level and neighborhood environmental supports appear important in promoting walking among older adults.
Quantum hydrodynamics, the quantum benjamin-ono equation, and the Calogero model.

Collective field theory for the Calogero model represents particles with fractional statistics in terms of hydrodynamic modes---density and velocity fields. We show that the quantum hydrodynamics of this model can be written as a single evolution equation on a real holomorphic Bose field---the quantum integrable Benjamin-Ono equation. It renders tools of integrable systems to studies of nonlinear dynamics of 1D quantum liquids.
A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR LIMIT TORSION PROBLEMS

Abstract The sand hill analogy should have closed the chapter of the limit plastic torsion problem except that there exists no convenient method to evaluate the volume of a general sand hill which gives the limiting torque. Consequently, only a few solutions of practical importance appear in the literature. A finite element method is developed to facilitate accurate and efficient integration of the volume. The method applies to prismatic torsion bars of a general cross-section. Four new solutions are presented for elliptical and grooved circular shafts as well as cracked rectangular and circular shafts. An inconsistency resulting from nonuniform convergence in a limiting case of the elastic solution of the grooved shaft is removed from the corresponding plastic solution. The stresses in the cracked shafts are bounded in the plastic solutions, providing a different way of estimating the failure torque from the fracture mechanics predictions.
Experimental neurinoma in tissue culture.

Malignant peripheral nerve tumors of the trigeminal and other peripheral nerves have been produced in the rat by means of nitrosourea compounds. These tumors have been culturedin vitro and the behavior of the grown cells has been studied with phase contrast optics including time-lapse cinematography. It was concluded that these experimental tumors are Schwann cell tumors. They differ from the common human Schwannoma in that they are malignant and produce no “microglia-like” cells. The malignant character of the cultured cells was apparent because of a) rapid growth, b) maintenancein vitro through continuous subculture for over 18 months, c) loss of contact inhibition and d) capacity to induce' malignant tumors when transplanted subcutaneously to isologous hosts.
Shortening and tenderness of pre-rigor heated beef: Part 2 — Effect of heating rate on muscles of electrically stimulated carcasses☆

This study was conducted to compare the effects of rapid and slow heating rates on muscles from electrically stimulated beef carcasses. Myofibrillar and cooking shortening and related changes were measured with physiograph recordings on pre-rigor M. triceps brachii strips suspended in paraffin oil during heating. Warner-Bratzler shear values were determined on pre-rigor and post-rigor M. triceps brachii samples heated at approximately the same rates at which muscle strips were heated (2°C/2 min and 2°C/12 min), on pre-rigor M. triceps brachii samples heated at 2°C/6 min, 2°C/9 min and 2°C/12 min and on pre-rigor and post-rigor M. triceps brachii and M. longissimus muscle heated similarly at 2°C/12 min. Rapid heating (2°C/2 min) of pre-rigor muscle produced more severe myofibrillar shortening that was complete at higher muscle temperature than slow heating (2°C/12 min). Slow heating, in contrast to rapid heating, resulted in a cooked product of lower shear value in both the pre-rigor and post-rigor states. The slower the heating rate of the pre-rigor M. triceps brachii, the more tender was the product. Heating at a rate of 2°C/12 min produced acceptable tenderness in both the pre-rigor M. longissimus and M. triceps brachii muscles but even greater tenderness when both muscles were heated in the post-rigor state. The tenderizing action of severe muscle shortening could not be induced in electrically stimulated muscle.
Influenza infection control guidance provided to staff at Veterans Affairs facilities for veterans with spinal cord injury during a pandemic(

AbstractContext/objectiveTo assess guidance provided to staff at Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare facilities on H1N1 influenza infection control for veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D).Study designCross-sectional qualitative semi-structured interviews.SettingThirty-three VA healthcare facilities from throughout the United States that provide care to veterans with SCI/D.ParticipantsThirty-three infection control key informants, each representing a VA healthcare facility.InterventionsNone.Outcome measuresInfection control practices, including vaccination practices, hospital preparedness, and recommendations for future pandemics, both in general and specifically to SCI/D.ResultsMost (n = 26, 78.8%) infection control key informants believed veterans with SCI/D were at increased risk for influenza and complications, but only 17 (51.5%) said veterans with SCI/D were treated as a priority group for vaccination at their facilities. There was little special guidance provided for treating veter...
Simple Expert System for Evaluation of Nutrient Pollution Potential in Groundwater from Manure Application

An expert system for the evaluation of groundwater pollution potential due to leaching of nutrients from land application of manure is developed in this study. The expert system consists of five modules: surface loading, sorption, vadose zone transport, saturated zone transport, and final module. The expert system evaluates the pollution potential in two steps. In the first step, rating values are evaluated for the selected modules. A set of expert system rules is assigned by the writers to evaluate the rating value of each selected module. In the second step, the pollution potential is evaluated from calculating the weighted average rating of the selected modules. Finally, the expert system is validated against a site assessment done by a group of experts for a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) facility in Oklahoma. The advantages of the expert system are its user-friendliness, requirement of easily available input data, and faster evaluation time. The expert system is recommended to the farme...
Bovine embryos produce a urokinase-type plasminogen activator.

The type of plasminogen activator (PA) secreted by bovine embryos was identified. Day 12–14 embryos were collected from estrus-synchronized, superovulated, and naturally mated crossbred beef cows. Embryos were left intact (E) or microdissected into component embryonic discs (ED) and trophoblastic vesicles (TV). Intact embryos, ED, and TV were pre-cultured for 2 days in Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (MEMα) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, washed in serum-free MEMα, and cultured individually for 5 days in 50 μl microdrops of MEMα with 15 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. At 24 hr intervals, E, ED, and TV were observed for tissue morphology and transferred to fresh microdrops, and medium was recovered and frozen at −20°C. At the end of culture, blastocoelic fluid (BF) and embryonic tissues were recovered and frozen at −20°C. Plasminogen activator concentrations in medium, tissues, and BF were determined by using a caseinolytic assay. Antibodies to urokinase-type PA (anti-uPA) and tissue-type PA (anti-tPA), and the urokinase inhibitor, amiloride (AMR), were used to identify the type of PA produced by bovine embryonic tissues. Intact embryos and TV released more PA (P < 0.05) than ED, and tissues exhibiting expanded blastocoels released less PA (P < 0.05) than tissues with collapsed blastocoels. Blastocoelic fluid from TV exhibited more PA (P < 0.05) activity than from ED. Treatment with anti-uPA decreased PA activity (P < 0.05) in pooled medium and tissues from E compared to treatment with nonspecific immunoglobulins and anti-tPA. Amiloride completely eliminated PA activity (P < 0.05) in tissues, medium, and BF. These results suggest that day 12–14 bovine embryos secrete a urokinase-type PA.
Quantitative description of the patient population in a labor and delivery unit. Toward determination of real nurse staffing needs.

Realistic efforts should be made to quantitatively determine patient care given by labor and delivery nursing personnel. In an effort to accurately evaluate staffing requirements, the total patient population utilizing the labor and delivery room was analyzed. Of the 1,281 patients receiving treatment or evaluation, 453 were nondelivered patients (36%) who were not recorded in the average census. These nondelivered patients were analyzed according to their diagnoses. Suggestions are given on which more realistic nursing staffing can be based.
Autistic children exhibit undetectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers despite previous rubella vaccination

The etiology of autism is unknown, but autism has been associated with a number of diseases, including prenatal rubella. Rubella vaccine challenge was used in an attempt to retrospectively diagnose prenatal rubella in autistic children. This test was selected because unresponsiveness of antibody titer has been reported as helpful in retrospective diagnosing of prenatal rubella. Fifteen autistic children and 8 controls matched for age were challenged with rubella vaccine. Rubella vaccine challenge did not differentiate autistic children from the control subjects. However, 5 of 13 autistic children had undetectable titers despite previous vaccine; all control subjects had detectable titers. This finding of undetectable titers in autistic children suggests these children may have an altered immune response.
Ca2+ channel nanodomains boost local Ca2+ amplitude

Local Ca2+ signals through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaVs) drive synaptic transmission, neural plasticity, and cardiac contraction. Despite the importance of these events, the fundamental relationship between flux through a single CaV channel and the Ca2+ signaling concentration within nanometers of its pore has resisted empirical determination, owing to limitations in the spatial resolution and specificity of fluorescence-based Ca2+ measurements. Here, we exploited Ca2+-dependent inactivation of CaV channels as a nanometer-range Ca2+ indicator specific to active channels. We observed an unexpected and dramatic boost in nanodomain Ca2+ amplitude, ten-fold higher than predicted on theoretical grounds. Our results uncover a striking feature of CaV nanodomains, as diffusion-restricted environments that amplify small Ca2+ fluxes into enormous local Ca2+ concentrations. This Ca2+ tuning by the physical composition of the nanodomain may represent an energy-efficient means of local amplification that maximizes information signaling capacity, while minimizing global Ca2+ load.
Generalized Zipoy-Voorhees metric

Using a method developed by Ernst, we generalize the vacuum Zipoy-Voorhees solution to obtain a new three-parameter vacuum solution.
Electron Shielding in n -InSb

The effect on bound electrons in donor levels by conduction-band electrons in $n$-InSb is investigated using a self-consistent calculation. Results of the calculations show that no bound state exists for impurity concentrations greater than 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. This shielding appears to be the predominant effect leading to the lack of impurity-binding energy.
Dealing with the past: responsibility and personal history

I argue that unfortunate formative circumstances do not undermine the warrant for either responsibility or blame. I then diagnose the tendency to think that formative circumstances do matter in this way, arguing that knowledge of these circumstances can play an essential epistemic role in our interpersonal interactions.
Delayed onset of posterior interosseous nerve palsy after distal biceps tendon repair

R upture of the distal biceps brachii is a relatively uncommon injury. Despite its rarity, many treatment methods have been described. Most common is the anatomic restoration of the biceps tendon to the tuberosity. Early reports of iatrogenic radial nerve injury with this technique made surgeons rethink their surgical approach to this problem.4,6,9 In fact, some authors have advocated suturing the biceps brachii to the brachialis, thereby avoiding the risk of nerve injury.4, 9 In 1985, however, Morrey et aLlo found that when the biceps was attached to the brachialis, there was nearly normal strength in elbow flexion but approximately a 50% loss in the strength of forearm supination. This and other studies suggest that the biceps brachii tendon should be reattached anatomically.3, lo, l1 Consequently, since 1961 most surgeons have used the two-incision technique of Boyd-Anderson* in an attempt to achieve anatomic repair while avoiding iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Good results have been reported with this technique. It too, however, has its own complications.5 This case report illustrates yet another unreported complication.
Adenosine-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP in brain slices: Potentiation by agents which inhibit uptake of adenosine

Abstract The uptake and incorporation of low concentrations of radioactive adenosine into guinea pig cerebral cortical slices is effectively inhibited by dipyridamole, hexobendine, papaverine, 6-( p -nitrobenzylthio) guanosine, 5′-deoxy-adenosine and N6-phenyladenosine and ineffectively inhibited by other adenosine analogs such as 2-chloroadenosine, 3′-deoxyadenosine and tubercidin or by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline, isobutylmethylxanthine, and N, 0-dibutyrylcyclic AMP. When uptake of 10–20 adenosine is inhibited 50–70% by dipyridamole, hexobendine, papaverine or 6-( p -nitrobenzylthio)-guanosine, the adenosine-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP is potentiated 2–3 fold. Potentiation of the effects of low concentrations of adenosine by various agents parallels more closely their efficacy as inhibitors of adenosine uptake rather than their potency as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Amine-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP are enhanced by hexobendine, dipyridamole, papaverine and 6-( p -nitrobenzylthio) guanosine and this enhancement is blocked by an adenosine antagonist, theophylline. The stimulatory effects of the adenosine analogs, 5′-deoxyadenosine, 2-chloroadenosine and N6-phenyladenosine are blocked by theophylline and potentiated by hexobendine. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the specific inhibition of uptake of adenosine potentiates adenosine or amine-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP by increasing the effective extracellular concentration of adenosine within the slice. The inhibition or stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by adenosine analogs is consonant with differential activities as agonist or antagonist at an extracellular adenosine receptor.
Responses of Entamoeba invadens to heat shock and encystation are related.

Abstract An Entamoeba invadens gene encoding a homologue of BiP/GRP78, a 70-kDa heat shock protein or chaperonin was cloned. The predicted E. invadens BiP contained an ATP-binding site, a substrate-recognition domain, and a carboxy-terminal KDEL-peptide. Messenger RNAs of E. invadens for BiP, for a 70-kDa heat shock cognate, for a cyst wall glycoprotein (Jacob), and for chitinase were all induced by heat shock and by encystation medium. The presence of Jacob in heat-shocked amebae was confirmed by confocal microscopy and suggests that heat shock and encystation responses in E. invadens are related.
The linkage between Iranian patriarchy and the informal economy in maintaining women's subordinate roles in home-based carpet production

Abstract Home-based carpet weaving is labor-intensive work done mostly by women from low income classes in rural and undeveloped urban areas in Iran. These women are dependent on income from weaving to support themselves and their families. This article argues that the contradictions between gender ideology and economic reality can be resolved by having women work at home. Home-based work keeps women in their culturally defined place and upholds the requirement of gender ideology which advocates the traditional division of labor, requiring men to work outside the home to support families while women stay at home in order to take care of their family and home. This arrangement can be well maintained in home-based work even as it generates, without recognition, income for the family and contributes to the national economy. Using gender ideology is a strategy manipulated by a free market economy for extracting surplus capital from women. Women's exploitation and oppression at home-based carpet production most likely will continue as long as the state nurtures historical gender ideology in Iran.
The multituberculate Essonodon browni from the Upper Cretaceous Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Shale, San Juan Basin, New Mexico

ABSTRACT Recognition of the multituberculate Essonodon browni in the Upper Cretaceous Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Shale, San Juan Basin, New Mexico suggests a Lancian age for the Alamo Wash local fauna.
Development of a pontine cyst after endovascular coil occlusion of a basilar artery trunk aneurysm: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Cyst formation within the brain parenchyma after endovascular coil occlusion of an intracranial aneurysm is a previously undescribed occurrence. We describe a 70-year-old woman who presented with a symptomatic pontine cyst i year after uncomplicated stenting and Guglielmi detachable coil occlusion of an unruptured basilar artery trunk aneurysm. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old woman presented with an episode of transient dysequilibrium and gait difficulty. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography demonstrated a 15a-mm distal basilar artery trunk aneurysm. Endovascular stenting and coil occlusion of the aneurysm were performed without technical complications. One year after the initial treatment, the patient developed progressive dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, and left hemiparesis. A large pontomesencephalic cyst adjacent to the coiled basilar aneurysm was identified on magnetic resonance imaging scans. INTERVENTION: A subtemporai craniotomy and decompression of the pontomesencephalic cyst were performed. The patient's symptoms of brainstem dysfunction improved temporarily but recurred within 2 months, necessitating reoperation for cyst drainage and placement of a cyst-peritoneal shunt. CONCLUSION: Intra-axial cyst formation after stenting and endovascular occlusion of an intracranial aneurysm is an unusual occurrence and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new neurological deficits after endovascular treatment. The pathophysiological mechanism of cyst formation in this case is not known.
Crossover from Cooper pairs to composite bosons: A generalized RPA analysis of collective excitations.

We study the evolution of the ground state and the excitation spectrum of the two- and three-dimensional attractive (negative-U) Hubbard model as the system evolves from a Cooper-pair regime for U\ensuremath{\ll}t, to a composite boson regime for U\ensuremath{\gg}t. Our work is motivated by the observation that the high-temperature superconductors, with their short coherence lengths and unusual normal-state properties, may be in an intermediate coupling regime between these two limits. A mean-field analysis of pairing, suitably generalized to account for a shift in the chemical potential, is known to be able to describe the ground-state crossover as a function of U/t. We compute the collective-mode spectrum using a generalized random-phase-approximation analysis within the equations-of-motion formalism. We find a smooth evolution of the Anderson mode for weak coupling into the Bogoliubov sound mode for hard-core bosons. We then include a long-range Coulomb interaction and show that it leads to a plasmon which again evolves smoothly from weak to strong coupling.
Effects of erotic stimuli on sexually functional and dysfunctional women: multiple measures before and after sex therapy.

Abstract A group of 11 women entering sex therapy for treatment of low arousal, and a comparison group of 11 women experiencing no arousal deficit, viewed an erotic film, listened to an erotic audiotape, and engaged in sexual fantasy during two experimental sessions. Session I occurred pre-treatment for the low arousal group. Session II occurred post-treatment. The adequate arousal group was tested at comparable points in time. Sexual arousal was measured subjectively by self-rating and physiologically by a vaginal photoplethysmograph. Contrary to expectation, the two groups showed equivalent significant increases in physiological response during the erotic stimuli in both sessions. However, the adequate arousal group rated subjective arousal significantly higher than the low arousal group in Session I, while no difference was found between the groups in Session II. Significant correlations were present between physiological response and ratings of several affective reactions to the audiotape, though few significant correlations were found between physiological and subjective sexual arousal measures. These data indicate a discrepancy between genital responses and ratings of sexual arousal for which several interpretations are offered.
Vapor phase phototransposition of pyrazine deuterium labeling studies

Abstract 2,5-Dideuteriopyrazine ( 1 -2,5- d 2 ) and 2,6-dideuteriopyrazine ( 1 -2,6- d 2 ) phototranspose in the vapor phase to mixtures of 4,6-dideuteriopyrimidine ( 2 -4,6- d 2 ) and 2,5-dideuteriopyrimidine ( 2 -2,5- d 2 ) or 4,5-dideuteropyrimidine ( 2 -4,5- d 2 ) and 2,4-dideuteriopyrimidine ( 2 -2,4- d 2 ), respectively. In each case, a trace quantity of a dideuteriopyridazine ( 7 - d 2 ) photoproduct was also observed. These products are consistent with a diazaprefulvene mechanism involving, 2,6-bonding, one or two nitrogen migrations, and rearomatization.
Institutional entrepreneurship in the sponsorship of common technological standards: The case of Sun Microsystems and Java

The institutional entrepreneurship implicit in a firm's sponsorship of its technology as a common standard is beset by several challenges. These challenges arise from a standard's property to enabl...
Regulation of Granulomatous Inflammation in Experimental Models of Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting more than 200 million people. Its major pathology is granulomatous inflammation, a cellular immune response to antigens secreted by schistosome ova. The murine models of this disease have been widely studied because they permit a variety of genetic
A Unique Case of Quadricuspid Aortic Valve With Coronary Artery and Descending Aorta-to-Pulmonary Artery Fistulae

46-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension pre-sented with dyspnea, palpitations, and a murmur of aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography revealed a quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) with 4 equal-sized cusps and enlarged left main coronary artery ostium (Figure 1A). On additional imaging, an unusual flow was seen entering the proximal main pulmonary artery from the lateral aspect just distal to the pulmonic valve (Figure 2A and Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement). A QAV with moderate aortic regurgitation (Movie II in the online-only Data Supplement) and a coronary-pulmonary artery fistula were diagnosed by echocardiography. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of QAV (Figure 1B) and a small-cal-iber vessel that originated from the left main coronary artery, coursed superiorly (Figure None.2B), and ended in a larger confluence of anomalous vessels that communicated with the pulmonary artery (Figure 2C). Other vessels contributing to this conflu-ence originated from the descending aorta and followed a very tortuous course (Figure 2D1 through 2D3). A 3-dimensional reconstruction shown in Figure 2E demonstrates the descend-ing aorta-to-pulmonary artery fistula and coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula draining into a large confluence. Thus, a unique anomaly in combination with QAV was diagnosed.QAV is a rare malformation, with an estimated incidence of 0.003% to 0.043% of all congenital heart disease.
Fusing distributed muzzle blast and shockwave detections

The paper presents a novel sensor fusion technique to shooter localization using a wireless network of single-channel acoustic sensors. The unique challenge is that the number of available sensors is very limited. The first contribution of the work is an approach to estimate the miss distance of the shot and the range to the shooter from a single shot using a single sensor. The second contribution is the novel sensor fusion algorithm itself that fuses the miss distance and range estimates of the individual nodes as well as their Time of Arrival observations of the shockwave and the muzzle blast. The performance of both the single sensor method and the network fusion are very promising.
Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of actinomycetes.

Publisher Summary The chapter describes chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of actinomycetes. It gives an overview of the chemical classification of higher plants, algae and protozoa, fungi and lichens, viruses, and bacteria. The role of pigments in the classification of actinomycetes has been discussed in detail in the chapter. It is a fact that similar actiiiomycetes tend to have a similar color. This is exploited mainly in the lassification of streptomycetes, where one can recognize: (1) the production of diffusible pigments, (2) the color of the aerial mycelium, and ( 3 ) the color of substrate mycelium. The importance of antibiotics in the classification of actiiiomycetes is also described. H. A. Lechevalier and Lechevalier (1970) and Prauser (1970) recently proposed two tentative schemes of classification of actinomycetes that are based on morphology and chemical composition. These schemes are discussed briefly in the chapter.
Surface Proteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria and How They Get There

Surface proteins are critical in determining the identifying characteristics of individual bacteria and their interaction with the environment. Because the structure of the cell surface is the major characteristic that distinguishes gram-positive from gram-negative bacteria, the processes used to transport and attach these proteins show significant differences between these bacterial classes. This review is intended to highlight these differences and to focus attention on areas that are ripe for further investigation.
Counselor Dress Cues Evaluations by American Indians and Caucasians

American Indian and Caucasian high school students were compared as they assessed counselors' empathy, warmth, genuineness, and concreteness as conveyed through six pairs of male and female counselor dress. The students from the two cultures differed in their perceptions of each of the counseling conditions based on the counselors' attire. Students' perceptions did not differ with the sex of the student or, except for empathy, with the sex of the counselor. The results contributed to identification of clothing dimensions useful for under-standing cultural similarities and differences in nonverbal communication through dress. Further study of clothing dimensions of cultural specificity, regional uniqueness, and fashionability was recommended.
Disorders of Impulse Formation

This chapter and the next are concerned with “arrhythmias,” abnormalities of impulse formation and conduction. The methods introduced in Chapter Two, and described in detail in Chapter Seven, will be used to point out the features in the tracing that identify as nearly as possible the location of the pacemaker for the atria, that for the ventricles, the rate and rhythm of each, and the causal relation between them, or its absence. The means by which any abnormalities thus identified were brought about and sustained will be considered separately, and the dilemma of how to choose precise and mutually exclusive names for them will be discussed. Explanations are critical because they are the basis for management, but they should follow statement of the problem, not replace it, and some of the names in common use imply explanations without having said what is being explained. Why abnormalities occur is teleology, and not the subject at hand.
RegA Control of Bacteriochlorophyll and Carotenoid Synthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus

We provide in vivo genetic and in vitro biochemical evidence that RegA directly regulates bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus. beta-Galactosidase expression assays with a RegA-disrupted strain containing reporter plasmids for Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase (bchE), Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase (bchD), and phytoene dehydrogenase (crtI) demonstrate RegA is responsible for fourfold anaerobic induction of bchE, threefold induction of bchD, and twofold induction of crtI. Promoter mapping studies, coupled with DNase I protection assays, map the region of RegA binding to three sites in the bchE promoter region. Similar studies at the crtA and crtI promoters indicate that RegA binds to a single region equidistant from these divergent promoters. These results demonstrate that RegA is directly responsible for anaerobic induction of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis genes bchE, bchD, bchJ, bchI, bchG, and bchP and carotenoid biosynthesis genes crtI, crtB, and crtA.
Tax Reform for Growth, Equity, and Revenue:

This article examines the fiscal outlook and tax reform options in the United States. The major conclusions include the following: the United States faces a substantial fiscal shortfall in the medium- and long term; both spending cuts and tax increases should contribute to the solution; tax increases need not do significant harm to economic growth; and there are sensible ways to both reform tax structure and raise revenues, including the redesign of tax expenditures, the creation of a value-added tax or a carbon tax, or an increase in the gasoline tax.
Assessing implementation of comprehensive treatment models for young children with ASD: Reliability and validity of two measures

Treatment implementation is an under-studied and under-reported aspect of intervention studies involving individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One primary area of concern is the lack of reliable and valid implementation measures, which allows a conclusive association to be drawn between the intervention and participant outcomes. This study examined the psychometric properties of two implementation measures developed for comprehensive treatment models serving preschoolers with ASD (i.e., LEAP and TEACCH). Both of the measures were completed in classrooms using LEAP or TEACCH instructional approaches as well as in classrooms in which a business-as-usual or non- model specific treatment approach was used. Across four months of one school year, a maximum of 4 observations were conducted in each of the 34 classrooms involved in the study. Results indicated that both implementation tools are reliable and valid, and that particular subscales of these measures allowed for discrimination of the three types of classrooms from each other. This step of psychometrically validating implementation measures as part of conducting efficacy studies may yield more robust associations between implementation and intervention effects.
Pharmacists' participation in the development of an experiential program.

Experiential programs need input and feedback from the practice community in order to keep the student learning outcomes optimized. A proactive combined effort between practice and academia makes sense and assists the students in transition from school to practice. Understanding some basic accreditation concepts can help the practicing pharmacist align student learning experiences with the expected outcomes. This article highlights some basic accreditation concepts from the Accreditation Council on Pharmacy Education’s 2007 standards that apply to experiential training in the pharmacy profession.
Predictive constrained gain scheduling for UGV path tracking in a networked control system

This paper presents a predictive gain scheduler for path tracking control in a networked control system with variable delay. The controller uses the plant model to predict future position and find the amount of travel possible with the global path as a constraint. Based on variable network conditions and vehicle trajectory's curvature the vehicle is allowed to travel farther on the current control signal while the vehicle trajectory matches the path constraint. This method uses path specific characteristics to evaluate the effectiveness of each generated control signal. By scheduling the gain on the control signal the vehicle tracking performance is maintained with an increase in network delay. The tracking time is decreased compared to other methods since the proposed control method allows the controller to look ahead and thus evaluate predicted effect of each control signal before scaling it. The proposed method is compared with existing delay compensation methods through simulation.
Pulmonary Venous Anatomy Imaging with Low-Dose, Prospectively ECG-Triggered, High-Pitch 128-Slice Dual Source Computed Tomography

Background— The efforts to reduce radiation from cardiac computed tomography (CT) are essential. Using a prospectively triggered, high-pitch dual-source CT protocol, we aim to determine the radiation dose and image quality in patients undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) imaging. Methods and Results— In 94 patients (61±9 years; 71% male) who underwent 128-slice dual-source CT (pitch 3.4), radiation dose and image quality were assessed and compared between 69 patients with sinus rhythm and 25 patients with atrial fibrillation. Radiation dose was compared in a subset of 19 patients with prior retrospective or prospectively triggered CT PV scans without high pitch. In a subset of 18 patients with prior magnetic resonance imaging for PV assessment, PV anatomy and scan duration were compared with high-pitch CT. Using the high-pitch protocol, total effective radiation dose was 1.4 (1.3, 1.9) mSv, with no difference between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation (1.4 versus 1.5 mSv; P =0.22). No high-pitch CT scans were nondiagnostic or had poor image quality. Radiation dose was reduced with high-pitch (1.6 mSv) compared with standard protocols (19.3 mSv; P <0.0001). This radiation dose reduction was seen with sinus rhythm (1.5 versus 16.7 mSv; P <0.0001) but was more profound with atrial fibrillation (1.9 versus 27.7 mSv; P =0.039). There was excellent agreement of PV anatomy (κ 0.84; P <0.0001) and a shorter CT scan duration (6 minutes) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (41 minutes; P <0.0001). Conclusions— Using a high-pitch dual-source CT protocol, PV imaging can be performed with minimal radiation dose, short scan acquisition, and excellent image quality in patients with sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. This protocol highlights the success of new cardiac CT technology to minimize radiation exposure, giving clinicians a new low-dose imaging alternative to assess PV anatomy.
The impact of perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity on mental health among older adults.

This study investigated how perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity affected older adults' fatigue, loneliness, and depression. We also explored whether social support and physical activity mediated the relationships between stress and mental health problems. The data of 163 older participants were analyzed in this study. Structural equation modeling using LISREL 8.71 was performed to assess the effects of stress, support, and physical activity on mental health. The findings indicate that perceived stress predicted higher levels of depression, social support predicted lower levels of loneliness and fatigue, and physical activity predicted lower levels of fatigue among older adults. Social support and physical activity mediated the relationships between stress and mental health, except depression. In conclusion, the relative impacts of perceived stress, social support, and physical activity on types of mental health (e.g., fatigue, loneliness, and depression) were different. Furt...
Towards a matrix-oriented strided interface in OpenSHMEM

New communication routines are proposed for OpenSHMEM to allow the efficient implementation of distributed matrix computations.
Rescuer fatigue during actual in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with audiovisual feedback: a prospective multicenter study.

Background Rescuer fatigue during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a likely contributor to variable CPR quality during clinical resuscitation efforts, yet investigations into fatigue and CPR quality degradation have only been performed in simulated environments, with widely conflicting results.
Computation of phase and chemical equilibrium: Part I. Local and constrained minima in Gibbs free energy

Several methods are reviewed for determining compositions in multiphase, reacting mixtures at equilibrium. Wolfe's quadratic programming algorithm is applied and results compared with the Rand method (Dluzniewski and Adler 1972), NASA method (Gordon and McBride 1971) and the George et al. (1976) implementation of Powell's method. For poor guesses in compositions, local and constrained minima in Gibbs free energy may arise, giving incorrect phase distributions.
Laboratory bounds on electron Lorentz violation

Violations of Lorentz boost symmetry in the electron and photon sectors can be constrained by studying several different high-energy phenomenon. Although they may not lead to the strongest bounds numerically, measurements made in terrestrial laboratories produce the most reliable results. Laboratory bounds can be based on observations of synchrotron radiation, as well as the observed absences of vacuum \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov radiation (${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$) and photon decay ($\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$). Using measurements of synchrotron energy losses at LEP and the survival of TeV photons, we place new bounds on the three electron Lorentz-violation coefficients ${c}_{(TJ)}$, at the $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ to $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ levels.
The effect of red on male perceptions of female attractiveness: Moderation by baseline attractiveness of female faces

Past research has demonstrated the importance of color in a variety of social contexts, including human mating. For example, red increases heterosexual men's feelings of attraction toward women. In the current work, this basic red-attraction link is qualified by the initial attractiveness of female faces. In two experiments, red enhanced men's ratings of female attractiveness, but only for faces pre-rated as attractive; red had no influence on perceptions of initially unattractive faces. Additionally, Experiment 1 manipulated how long participants viewed attractive and unattractive faces as an exploratory test of when color and face features are integrated. The findings show that initial female attractiveness moderates the influence of red on judgments of attractiveness even when the faces are viewed for extremely short exposures. The present findings identify an important boundary condition of the red-attractiveness effect and provide an initial indication of where in the processing stream color impacts social judgments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma of the larynx and craniofacial structures: airway implications

Laryngeal trauma in children is potentially life-threatening. An orgailized approach by all who care for these children in an emergency situation is essential. Prompt recognition and treatment of such injuries will minimize the risk of long-term complications that would require multiple operative procedures and prolonged rehabilitation.
Elastic fields of inclusions in anisotropic media

The displacement and stress fields caused by eigenstrains (thermal expansion, plastic strain, phase transformation, etc.) distributed uniformly inside a domain Ω of an infinitely extended anisotropic medium are expressed in a series form and also in an interesting integral form. These forms provide not only a method of stress analysis but also enable an investigation of Eshelby's proposition that the stress in an ellipsoidal domain is constant. The special case that Ω is a flat ellipse leads to an extremely simple result. Die Verschiebungs- und Spannungsfelder, die durch Eigendehnungen (thermische Ausdehnung, plastische Dehnung, Phasentransformation, etc.) verursacht werden, die gleichformig in einer Domane Ω in einem unendlich angedehntem Medium verteilt sind, werden in einer Reihenentwicklung und ebenfalls in einer interessanten Integralform ausgedruckt. Diese Formeln ergeben nicht nur eine Methode fur die Spannungsanalyse, sondern ermoglichen eine Untersuchung des Vorschlags von Eshelby, das die Spannung in einer elliptischen Domane eine Konstante ist. Der Spezialfall, das Ω eine flache Ellipse ist, fuhrt zu einem extrem einfachen Ergebnis.
Use of stormwater impoundments near airports by birds recognized as hazardous to aviation safety

a b s t r a c t Design of privately-owned stormwater impoundments within or near airport siting criteria has received little attention with regard to potential hazards posed to aviation safety. In particular, minimizing use of these impoundments by bird species recognized as hazardous to aviation poses an important challenge. Emergent vegetation, shoreline irregularity, and proximity of other water resources are linked to avian richness and diversity within wetlands, as well as bird use of stormwater impoundments on airports. We predicted also that impoundments with bank slope >20% and those functioning as detention facilities, where water is periodically drawn down, would negatively influence use by birds; and that shoreline- vegetation diversity and local land-use diversity would be positively correlated with use. Over 104 weeks (March 2008 to March 2010), we surveyed bird use of 40 stormwater impoundments in the Auburn- Opelika Metropolitan area, Lee County, AL, USA, typical of privately-owned facilities located within or near airport siting criteria. We quantified local-scale and site-specific parameters possibly affecting bird use and evaluated fit for 17 a priori models relative to detection of 10 individual avian foraging guilds recognized as hazardous to aviation safety. Relative likelihoods of best-approximating models (Akaike weights) ranged from approximately 0.42 to 0.92. Based on best-approximating models for at least five of the 10 guilds, we suggest that broad reduction in use of stormwater impoundments, located within or near airport siting criteria, by bird species hazardous to aviation can be achieved via designs which minimize perimeter, surface area, and the ratio of open water to emergent vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Assessing laparoscopic manipulative skills

Abstract Background: The rapid emergence of laparoscopic surgery over the past decade has highlighted the need for teaching and assessing laparoscopic manipulative skills. Most analyses consist of a measurement of the time to complete a specified task and a subjective assessment by an observer. Objective assessments of accuracy in the performance of manipulative skills have been lacking. To quantify both speed and accuracy during laparoscopic skill performance, we have developed a skills assessment device (SAD) using a laparoscopic simulator platform and computer-based skills assessment software that precisely measures an instrument's movement during performance of timed laparoscopic manipulations. Study design: The SAD device measures the time necessary for an operator to complete a task, and the movements of the working end of laparoscopic instruments in three dimensions. Ten nonsurgeons performed 10 repetitions of a standardized laparoscopic manipulation. Data were captured in real time for both hands on a personal computer. Accuracy was determined by calculating the sum of all distances traveled. Duration was measured in seconds. Results are group means. Results: The time necessary to perform defined laparoscopic manipulative skills improved dramatically during the first 3 repetitions and then stabilized. However, accuracy of manipulations continued to improve over all 10 repetitions. Conclusions: When untrained subjects are learning a laparoscopic manipulative task, measurement of time alone fails to account for the more protracted learning curve for accuracy. Therefore, devices and training programs that fail to consider objective assessments of accuracy may overestimate laparoscopic proficiency.
Marital Intentions and the Stability of First Cohabitations

Using Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), this article documents the extent to which cohabitors begin their union with intentions to marry (indicated by either being engaged or having definite plans to marry) and how this is related to subsequent cohabitation transitions, building on earlier literature examining expectations. Almost half of all first cohabitations begin with intentions to marry, and having marital intentions increases the likelihood of marriage and decreases the odds of dissolution. Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to report having marital intentions but less likely to transition to marriage. Prior family experiences also influence having marital intentions and the outcome of the cohabiting union, with significant differences by gender. Results suggest that although many individuals believe their cohabitation is part of the marriage process, gender and race/ethnicity play an important role in whether plans to marry will be realized.
Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring

Emerging research has shown that subtle factors during pregnancy and gestation can influence long-term health in offspring. In an attempt to be proactive, we set out to explore whether a nonpharmac...