cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multiple criteria model for audit planning decisions

. The auditor must trade off potential losses from both ineffectiveness (failure to detect client errors) and inefficiency. However, auditing standards do not specify how the auditor is to achieve an appropriate balance between these two conflicting objectives. This paper presents a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model of an audit planning decision in which an effectiveness vs. efficiency trade-off is required. The key advantage of the MCDM model developed here is that an optimal solution is obtained without requiring ex ante specification of a loss function by the auditor. Thus, the model addresses a previously recognized problem (e.g., Menzefricke, 1984) that loss functions may vary depending on characteristics of the audit. In this paper, we develop a model of the auditor's sampling plan selection problem incorporating multiple decision criteria, use the model under a variety of simulated audit conditions, and compare our results with previous research. Resume. Le verificateur doit parvenir a un compromis entre les pertes pouvant etre occasionnees a la fois par l'inefficacite (non-detection d'erreurs commises par l'entreprise cliente) et l'inefficience. Les normes de verification ne precisent cependant pas comment le verificateur doit parvenir a un equilibre approprie entre ces deux objectifs conflictuels. Les auteurs proposent un modele de decision a criteres multiples qui s'applique a la decision de planification de la verification exigeant un compromis efficacite-efficience. Le principal avantage de ce modele est qu'il permet d'obtenir une solution optimale sans exiger la formulation ex ante par le verificateur d'une fonction de perte. Le modele porte done sur une question sur laquelle se sont deja penches les chercheurs (Menzefricke, 1984, par exemple): les fonctions de perte peuvent varier selon les caracteristiques de la verification. Les auteurs elaborent ici un modele qui s'applique au probleme de selection par le verificateur d'un plan d'echantillonnage incorporant des criteres de decision multiples. Ils utilisent le modele en simulant diverses situations de verification et comparent les resultats obtenus avec ceux des travaux precedents.
Continuing competence and relicensure.

Abstract The purpose of licensing laws is to provide assurance of high quality service and to protect the public from incompetent practitioners. Safeguarding entrance to the professions by licensing examinations is one part of this responsibility which is entrusted to the professional boards. Assuring the continuing competence of practicing professionals is another part and a major challenge to every board of nursing throughout the United States. A 1979 mail survey identified 18 states which have specific continuing education requirements for relicensure of nurses. In addition, three states have standards of practice incorporated in the rules and regulations governing the nursing profession. Mandatory continuing education is a first step in the implementation of a system to assure the public of the continuing competency for practice of the professional nurse. It is acknowledgement, with the force of law, that continuous renewal of knowledge is a necessary condition for assuring competence. However, it is ...
Sleep and Activity in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Longitudinal Study

Summary Background and objectives Commonly sleep is disrupted and physical activity is restricted among patients with CKD and those on long-term dialysis. However, few studies have assessed patients longitudinally. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We compared the prevalence of sleep disturbances measured both subjectively using a questionnaire and objectively using actimetry among patients with CKD (n = 145), those on hemodialysis (n = 116), and people without kidney disease (n = 19). Activity level during the day was measured using actimetry, and patients were then followed for up to 2 years. Results Compared with people without kidney disease, patients with CKD not on dialysis had disruption of sleep that was independent of several risk factors. However, disrupted sleep was correlated with neither estimated GFR in cross-sectional nor longitudinal assessment. Those on hemodialysis had sleep disruption that was of much greater severity than that found among those with CKD not on dialysis. Furthermore, missing or shortening the prescribed duration of dialysis was associated with greater severity of sleep disturbance in cross-sectional but not in longitudinal assessment. Day-time activity declined both in duration and intensity from controls to CKD to hemodialysis. Conclusions The loss of kidney function is related to both reduced duration and intensity of day time physical activity. Although patients with CKD have disrupted sleep, this is independent of estimated GFR. However, compared with those with CKD, dialysis patients have more severely disrupted sleep; this is related to missing dialysis. Thus, shortening patients9 dialysis may reduce their sleep.
Characterization of the Interaction between the Cohesin Subunits Rad21 and SA1/2

The cohesin complex is responsible for the fidelity of chromosomal segregation during mitosis. It consists of four core subunits, namely Rad21/Mcd1/Scc1, Smc1, Smc3, and one of the yeast Scc3 orthologs SA1 or SA2. Sister chromatid cohesion is generated during DNA replication and maintained until the onset of anaphase. Among the many proposed models of the cohesin complex, the 'core' cohesin subunits Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21 are almost universally displayed as tripartite ring. However, other than its supportive role in the cohesin ring, little is known about the fourth core subunit SA1/SA2. To gain deeper insight into the function of SA1/SA2 in the cohesin complex, we have mapped the interactive regions of SA2 and Rad21 in vitro and ex vivo. Whereas SA2 interacts with Rad21 through a broad region (301–750 aa), Rad21 binds to SA proteins through two SA-binding motifs on Rad21, namely N-terminal (NT) and middle part (MP) SA-binding motif, located at 60–81 aa of the N-terminus and 383–392 aa of the MP of Rad21, respectively. The MP SA-binding motif is a 10 amino acid, α-helical motif. Deletion of these 10 amino acids or mutation of three conserved amino acids (L385, F389, and T390) in this α-helical motif significantly hinders Rad21 from physically interacting with SA1/2. Besides the MP SA-binding motif, the NT SA-binding motif is also important for SA1/2 interaction. Although mutations on both SA-binding motifs disrupt Rad21-SA1/2 interaction, they had no apparent effect on the Smc1-Smc3-Rad21 interaction. However, the Rad21-Rad21 dimerization was reduced by the mutations, indicating potential involvement of the two SA-binding motifs in the formation of the two-ring handcuff for chromosomal cohesion. Furthermore, mutant Rad21 proteins failed to significantly rescue precocious chromosome separation caused by depletion of endogenous Rad21 in mitotic cells, further indicating the physiological significance of the two SA-binding motifs of Rad21.
Tetragonal to triclinic--a phase change for [Fe(TPP)(NO)].

The temperature dependence of the crystalline phase of (nitrosyl)(tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II), [Fe(TPP)(NO)], has been explored over the temperature range of 33−293 K. The crystalline complex is...
The Efficient Learning of Multiple Task Sequences

I present a modular network architecture and a learning algorithm based on incremental dynamic programming that allows a single learning agent to learn to solve multiple Markovian decision tasks (MDTs) with significant transfer of learning across the tasks. I consider a class of MDTs, called composite tasks, formed by temporally concatenating a number of simpler, elemental MDTs. The architecture is trained on a set of composite and elemental MDTs. The temporal structure of a composite task is assumed to be unknown and the architecture learns to produce a temporal decomposition. It is shown that under certain conditions the solution of a composite MDT can be constructed by computationally inexpensive modifications of the solutions of its constituent elemental MDTs.
SOLITARY BONE CYSTS OF LONG DURATION

1. A case of solitary bone cyst of the humerus of thirty-eight years' standing is reported. 2. It had a fibrous lining which was extensively calcified in almost its entire extent and which cast a shadow in the x-ray. 3. The fluid within the cyst was loaded with cholesterol crystals. In the bone surrounding the cyst lining there was no fibrosis of the marrow; only fatty marrow was present. 4. In the same patient several joints exhibited arthritis deformans, raising the question of a possible bacteriological relationship between the two conditions. Cultures of cyst lining and contents and of synovia of the left elbow joint in the above reported case were negative. The age of the cyst and the small amount of synovia cultured may possibly account for this.
Genetically Engineered Lipopeptide Antibiotics Related to A54145 and Daptomycin with Improved Properties

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic approved for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens and for that of bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Daptomycin failed to meet noninferiority criteria for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, likely due to sequestration in pulmonary surfactant. Many analogues of daptomycin have been generated by combinatorial biosynthesis, but only two displayed improved activity in the presence of bovine surfactant, and neither was as active as daptomycin in vitro. In the present study, we generated hybrid molecules of the structurally related lipopeptide A54145 in Streptomyces fradiae and tested them for antibacterial activity in the presence of bovine surfactant. Hybrid A54145 nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) biosynthetic genes were constructed by genetic engineering and were expressed in combination with a deletion of the lptI methyltransferase gene, which is involved in the formation of the 3-methyl-glutamic acid (3mGlu) residue at position 12. Some of the compounds were very active against S. aureus and other Gram-positive pathogens; one compound was also highly active in the presence of bovine surfactant, had low acute toxicity, and showed some efficacy against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of pulmonary infection.
Genotype × Storage Environment Interaction and Stability of Potato Chip Color: Implications in Breeding for Cold Storage Chip Quality

potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes exhibit significant variation for chip color across different storage regimes. Lines that maintain light chip color after long postharvest storage durations and low storage temperatures are desirable to the potato industry. Since storage regimes vary among growers and processors, lines that exhibit stable chip performance across various storage regimes have a high probability of commercial success. The objective was to test if treating storage regimes as “environments,” analyzing genotype × storage environment interactions, and applying stability statistics can help identify desirable chip processing lines. To examine this, chip color of 47 breeding clones and six standard varieties was evaluated across eight storage environments. Chip color data was analyzed using stability metrics as well as stability-adjusted selection indices. The effects of genotype, storage environment, and genotype × environment on chip color were significant, explaining 47, 24, and 17% of total variance, respectively. Types I, II, and III stable lines were identified through stability analyses. Type I stability was significantly correlated with mean chip color. The most desirable lines were identified under long and cold storage environments. Using Type I stability and stability-adjusted indices, this study identified breeding clones for advancement, including W5840-4, W64845, and W6929-1, which outperformed standard chipping varieties for chip quality and stability. Dep. of Horticulture, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. Received 6 Feb. 2013. *Corresponding author (krak@wisc.edu). Abbreviations: AMMI, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction; bi, Eberhart and Russell’s regression coefficient; G×E, genotype × environment; HARS, Hancock Agricultural Research Station; PC, principal component; Pi, superiority of the ith line; RARS, Rhinelander Agricultural Research Station; sdi, line i’s deviation from regression; si, line i’s mean sum of squares of departure from regressions; si, Shukla’s stability variance; YSi, Kang’s selection index. Published in Crop Sci. 53:1944–1952 (2013). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2013.02.0089 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Creating and Sustaining a Lean Culture of Continuous Process Improvement

Lean is the automobile manufacturing production system of the Toyota Motor Corporation that many businesses have been trying to reproduce for over 30 years.1,2 To desire the benefits of Lean requires direct extrapolation or some parallel of Toyota’s manufacturing-based production methods of efficiency and process improvement to different work environments. This is not as easy as it may seem, especially in health care. Most imitators of Lean use a top-down directed approach to projects by using selected improvement and work design tools often wielded by quality professionals or consultants. I believe this misses the critical element of Toyota’s success, namely creating a workplace culture that is educated, engaged, trusted, structured, and incentivized to participate in the work at all levels of a Lean enterprise. Therefore, a successful Lean culture of continuous improvement is a work environment in which the leader can walk away and empowered employees can sustain themselves in pursuing higher quality targets by implementing continuous process improvements. As Henry Ford once said, “Quality is doing it right when no one is looking.”3 Sounds like a manager’s dream, doesn’t it? Jeffrey Liker, PhD, cautions that over 90% of those who attempt Lean fail (personal communication, 2009). But why? Because success in Lean derives from the culture of Toyota, which is founded in the management principles of W. Edwards Deming and the personal philosophy of the company’s founders, the Toyoda family.4,5 One comes up short without mirroring that cultural base, consisting of a philosophy, a supportive management system, and intelligent approaches to engaging employees to continuously define and eliminate wastes inherent in non–value processes. One is then left with making sporadic process improvements usually at management’s direction. This contrasts with Toyota’s culture, which is dedicated to developing human talent throughout the organization to …
Generic Agent Models for Simulations of Concepts of Operation: Part 2

As detailed in the companion paper (PritchettA. R.FeighK. M.KimS. Y.KannanS. K., “Work Models that Compute to Describe Multiagent Concepts of Operation: Part 1,” Journal of Aerospace Information Sy...
Long-period cyclic sedimentation with constant tectonic forcing in an experimental relay ramp

It is widely believed that cyclic sedimentation in active tectonic basins is caused by external forcing such as sea-level cycles, episodic tectonic events, or variation in sediment supply due to climate change. Here we present a case of cyclic sedimentation in an experiment subject to constant fault slip rate and sediment discharge with no base-level fluctuation. The experiment was designed to study sedimentation in a simplified extensional relay ramp system. Reorganization of the fluvial channel network in a cyclic manner caused local variation in sediment supply to the hanging-wall basin, where subsidence was maximized, and resulted in autogenic appearance and disappearance of a lake associated with 90° rotation of paleocurrent direction and delta formation. Comparing an early phase of the experiment using no external forcing (i.e., no tectonic movement or base-level change) with the following main phase of the experiment (i.e., including subsidence in an extensional relay ramp pattern) shows that the characteristic time scale for channel mobility was five times longer during the phase with subsidence than during the previous phase without subsidence. Active fault slip imposed a new, longer time scale for autogenic dynamics by establishing a linked tectonic-sedimentation system. Scaling the experimental results to field length and time scales suggests that comparable autogenic cycles would produce 10–20-m-thick strata on time scales of 105 yr, comparable to observed cases attributed to allogenic effects.
Multicasting vs. Broadcasting: What Are the Trade-Offs?

Network-wide broadcasting and multicasting are two important routing schemes used in group communications. In network-wide broadcasting, generated packets at the source node are distributed to all nodes in the network, while multicasting delivers the packets only to a subset of the nodes by creating and maintaining a data dissemination structure. Due to the overhead in multicasting, in certain situations, it is more efficient to use network-wide broadcasting instead of multicasting, even when the data is destined to a subset of the nodes. In this paper we analyze a specific broadcasting protocol and a specific multicasting protocol for two performance metrics, namely spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency, and determine the conditions that make one of them preferable over the other.
Using SEQUEST with Theoretically Complete Sequence Databases

SEQUEST has long been used to identify peptides/proteins from their tandem mass spectra and protein sequence databases. The algorithm has proven to be hugely successful for its sensitivity and specificity in identifying peptides/proteins, the sequences of which are present in the protein sequence databases. In this work, we report on work that attempts a new use for the algorithm by applying it to search a complete list of theoretically possible peptides, a de novo-like sequencing. We used freely available mass spectral data and determined a number of unique peptides as identified by SEQUEST. Using masses of these peptides and the mass accuracy of 0.001 Da, we have created a database of all theoretically possible peptide sequences corresponding to the precursor masses. We used our recently developed algorithm for determining all amino acid compositions corresponding to a mass interval, and used a lexicographic ordering to generate theoretical sequences from the compositions. The newly generated theoretical database was many-fold more complex than the original protein sequence database. We used SEQUEST to search and identify the best matches to the spectra from all theoretically possible peptide sequences. We found that SEQUEST cross-correlation score ranked the correct peptide match among the top sequence matches. The results testify to the high specificity of SEQUEST when combined with the high mass accuracy for intact peptides.
Teaching Ethics to Undergraduates: An Examination of Contextual Approaches.

Our purpose was to advance the current academic discussion on how to most effectively teach managerial ethics at the undergraduate level. We argued that undergraduate ethics education should be comprehensive, multi-dimensional and woven into the fabric of each student’s experience. In particular, we hypothesized that the inclusion of service-learning experiences and a rigorous honor system would lead to better identification and resolution of ethical dilemmas. A survey of 304 undergraduates from four colleges and universities yielded modest support for our hypotheses. In conclusion, we discuss possible explanations for the results and avenues for future studies.
Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia

During the past two decades, there has been an increasing recognition of the significance of a clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD)risk factors, leading expert panels to formally link them as the metabolic syndrome (1,2). Although there has been controversy regarding the criteria to be used in defining the metabolic syndrome, and the utility of the term itself (3, 4, 5), it is clear that the featured components of central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormal glucose metabolism commonly coexist in individuals at high risk for CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been widely recognized that insulin resistance (IR) plays a central, unifying role in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. In this chapter, we will focus on the associations between IR and the dyslipidemia characterized by high plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations, and abnormalities in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) composition and size in the face of relatively normal plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.
Gel electrophoresis of linear and star-branched DNA.

The electrophoretic mobility of double-stranded DNA in polyacrylamide gel is investigated using an activated hopping model for the transport of a charged object within a heterogeneous medium. The model is premised upon a representation of the DNA path through the gel matrix as a series of traps with alternating large and small cross sections. Calculations of the trap dimensions from gel data show that the path imposes varying degrees of confinement upon migrating analytes, which retard their forward motion in a size-dependent manner. An expression derived for DNA mobility is shown to provide accurate predictions for the dynamics of linear DNA (67--622 bp) in gels of multiple concentrations. For star-branched DNA, the incorporation within the model of a length scale previously proposed to account for analyte architecture [Yuan et al., Anal. Chem. 78, 6179 (2006)] leads to mobility predictions that compare well with experimental results for a wide range of DNA shapes and molecular weights.
Greasing The Squeaky Wheel? Stakeholder-Centric Governance as a Response to Stakeholder Pressure

Public corporations are under immense pressure to re-direct resources towards maximizing the value that accrues to all stakeholders. But do increased stakeholder demands result in meaningful improv...
A Vibrational Technique For Stress Measurement In Films

This paper presents a new technique for the measument of stress in films based on the classical theory of membrane vibrations. The specimens for vibrational analysis are prepared by removing a circular or square piece of the substrate far from any edge of the film (this operation preserves the state of stress in the film). The specimen is mechanically excited by random noise and its natural frequencies are peaks in the measured response of the membrane. The natural frequencies increase as the square root of stress in the film. The only material parameter needed to determine stress from the natural frequency is the density of the film. The technique has been used to measure stress in two different systems: urethane cured epoxies and silver films under different environmental conditions (temperature and humidity).
339 PATIENTS' PERCEPTION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND OUTCOMES IN HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

Background An increasingly diverse population and ongoing health disparities have focused national attention on the cultural competence of health care providers and the role of training on cross-cultural issues in medical school. Despite this emphasis, few data exist on the association of cultural competence with clincally relevant outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between patients9 perception of physician9s cultural competence and quality of life measures. Methods The CCTOP study (Cultural Competency Training and Outcomes in Patients) is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of patients and their physicians9 attitudes regarding culture, bias, and clinical care. To date, a 76-item questionnaire has been administered to 184 patients presenting for care at three geographically diverse university clinics. Patients were asked to agree or disagree on a 4-point Likert scale with the statement “My doctor is aware of my cultural beliefs.” Our main outcome was health-related quality of life. We examined the association between several subscales of the SF36 Health Survey and patient perception of their physician9s cultural awareness. Linear regression analyses were performed controlling for age, gender, race, education and income. Results We report preliminary results on the first 184 patients surveyed. The patients9 mean age was 56 years. Seventy-one percent of respondents were female. Forty-five percent of these patients identified themselves as African American, while 23% were Hispanic, and 29% white. Bivariate analysis revealed that higher ratings on physical functioning were associated with patients9 perception that their physician was aware of their cultural beliefs, 55.3 vs. 46.7 when patients perceived their physician to be unaware (p = .04). In addition, the mean bodily pain scale yielded similar results 52.9 bodily pain score when patients considered their physician to be culturally aware compared to 41.1 for the “unaware” group (p = .02). The relationship between bodily pain and physician cultural awareness persisted in the regression models. Conclusion We found that patient perception of physician cultural awareness was associated with improved quality of life as measured by the physical functioning and bodily pain subscales. These study results begin to build the case for clinical relevance of cultural awareness and competence.
Using Episodic Memory in a Memory Based Parser to Assist Machine Reading.

The central task for a Machine Reader is integrating information acquired from text with the machine’s existing knowledge. Direct Memory Access Parsing (DMAP) is a machine reading approach that leverages existing knowledge and performs integration in the early stages of parsing natural language text. DMAP treats machine reading, fundamentally, as a task of knowledge recognition, and creates new knowledge structures and instances only when it cannot map the input text to existing knowledge. A goal of the research is to be able to use existing knowledge to improve the acquisition and integration of new knowledge, from (simplified) natural language. DMAP’s understanding is driven by memory structures, and it maps immediately and directly to existing knowledge. This provides an opportunity to experiment with and evaluate methods for using existing knowledge (both semantic and episodic) to facilitate machine reading. We present the basic architecture of a DMAP implementation, three experiments to leverage existing episodic memory, and the implications of the experiments on future research.
Blood coagulation factor Va abnormality associated with resistance to activated protein C in venous thrombophilia

A coagulation test abnormality, termed activated protein C (APC) resistance, involving poor anticoagulant response to APC is currently the most common laboratory finding among venous thrombophilic patients. Because the anticoagulant activity of APC involves inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa, studies were made to assess the presence of abnormal factors V or VIII. Diluted aliquots of plasma from two unrelated patients with APC resistance and thrombosis were added to either factor VIII-deficient or factor V-deficient plasma and APC resistance assays were performed. The results suggested that patients' factor V but not factor VIII rendered the substrate plasma APC resistant. When factor V that had been partially purified from normal or APC resistant patients' plasmas using immunoaffinity chromatography was added to factor V-deficient plasma, APC resistance assays showed that patients' factor V or factor Va, but not normal factor V, rendered the substrate plasma resistant to APC. Studies of the inactivation of each partially purified thrombin-activated factor Va by APC suggested that half of the patients' factor Va was resistant to APC. These results support the hypothesis that the APC resistance of some venous thrombophilic plasmas is caused by abnormal factor Va.
Mean Field Approach to Double-Occupancy Induced Pairing in Oxide Superconductors

The double-occupancy induced pairing mechanism (DOM for short) of superconductivity1–7 applies to systems with strongly correlated narrow energy bands in which an on-site repulsive electron-electron interaction U plays an important role. Imagine first a band with only spin degeneracy and an electron occupation, written as (1−xh), assumed less than unity per atom.xh is then the number of holes per site. Assume U = ∞, so double occupancy is projected out. If the system is not magnetic, i.e. a Fermi liquid, it’s energy scale, i.e. the band width for quasiparticles, is proportional to xh times the U = 0 band width8–11. This is because electrons can only hop into empty sites, whose concentration xh then enters the intersite hopping rate and thus band width. The reduction factor can be as large as.01 in heavy fermion materials.
Mutual engagement: Criminology and the sociology of law

How are conceptions of crime as abnormal sustained in the face ofpersistent sociological evidence that crime is normal? While ostensiblyexpressing different images of crime, together the accounts of crime asepisodic ruptures of the social fabric and as a normal feature of healthysocieties sustain the possibility of the sociality necessary for collective life.This paper explores the contradictory relationships between law and crimeas a normal feature of social life and crime as a rupture in the social web.Decades of research in crime, law and deviance have documented howcrime is a constituent and normal feature of any legal system: theorized asan aspect of law; professionally managed through law andinterpreted on the basis of the normal and conventionalcharacter of events and relationships; organized as a reflection andreproduction the encompassing social structure; experienced as familiar,ordinary and frequent. Crime is a normal and expected feature of any legalsystem whose anticipation is a resource for the production of law. Yet inpopular culture, rather than professional sociology, crime is experienced asbizarre, abnormal, a distinct rupture of what is conventionally portrayedas a seamless web of normative conformity. Conceptions of law'sabnormality helps to maintain normal appearances, to sustain the illusionof society, to individualize the event as one person's pathology, to containits threat, and to turn it into an economically and professionally managedproject. The contradictory cultural representations and experiences helpsustain a hegemonic reality in which crime is both a usual feature ofordinary social life to be understood and managed like any other mundanematter, and an episodic event that need not challenge confidence in whatis in effect a reified conception of society.
Machines in the Capitalist Reality

Marx’s work Capital is more a performance of thought than a straightforward treatise. In this performance, Marx adopts the characteristics and concepts peculiar to capitalist thought. In other words, he speaks in a variety of voices in the text, but rarely his own. When he does speak in his own voice, it is reined in by the norms of capitalist reasoning. Although Capital tells us a lot about capitalism and its functioning, it tells us little about Marx, who does not speak straightforwardly in the text. Thus, we must decode the text with some care.1
Higher genetic risk of schizophrenia is associated with lower cognitive performance in healthy individuals

Psychotic disorders including schizophrenia are commonly accompanied by cognitive deficits. Recent studies have reported negative genetic correlations between schizophrenia and indicators of cognitive ability such as general intelligence and processing speed. Here we compare the effect of the genetic risk of schizophrenia (PRS SCZ ) on measures that differ in their relationships with psychosis onset: a measure of current cognitive abilities (the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, BACS) that is greatly reduced in psychosis patients; a measure of premorbid intelligence that is minimally affected by psychosis (the Wide-Range Achievement Test, WRAT); and educational attainment (EY), which covaries with both BACS and WRAT. Using genome-wide SNP data from 314 psychotic and 423 healthy research participants in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) Consortium, we investigated the association of PRS SCZ with BACS, WRAT and EY. Among apparently healthy individuals, greater genetic risk for schizophrenia (PRS SCZ ) was associated with lower BACS scores (r = -0.19, p = 1 × 10 -4 at P T = 1 × 10 -4 ) but did not associate with WRAT or EY, suggesting that these areas of cognition vary in their etiologic relationships with schizophrenia. Among individuals with psychosis, PRS SCZ did not associate with variation in cognitive performance. These findings suggest that the same cognitive abilities that are disrupted in psychotic disorders are also associated with schizophrenia genetic risk in the general population. Specific cognitive phenotypes, independent of education or general intelligence, could be more deeply studied for insight into the specific processes affected by the genetic influences on psychosis.
Low-molecular-weight heparin prevented new cardiac events in unstable angina

Source Citation Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) Study Group. Low-molecular-weight heparin during instability in coronary artery disease. Lancet. 1996 Mar 2;347:561-8.
Clinical-pathologic correlations in voltage-gated Kv1 potassium channel complex-subtyped autoimmune painful polyneuropathy

Introduction: Voltage-gated Kv1 potassium channel-complex (VGKC) autoantibodies subtyped for leucine-rich-glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1), contactin-associated-protein-like-2 (CASPR2), and Kv-IgGs have a spectrum of neurological presentations. Painful polyneuropathy is seen in some patients, but nerve pathology descriptions are lacking. Methods:Clinicopathologic features were studied in subtyped VGKC-autoantibody seropositive patients who had undergone nerve biopsies. Results:Five patients were identified, 1 LGI1-IgG-positive, 1 CASPR2-IgG-positive; all negative for Kv1.1,1.2,1.6 subtyped IgG-autoantibodies. Median symptom duration was 17 months. Pain was the predominant symptom; 3 had mild sensory loss and/or weakness. Histopathological abnormalities were limited to axonal loss in 3. None had mononuclear cellular infiltrates. Electron-micrographs revealed no interstitial abnormalities. Three patients reported marked improvement in pain with immunotherapy. Discussion:The nerve biopsy histopathology of patients subtyped for LGI1 and CASPR2-IgGs within the VGKC-complex spectrum disorders shows either normal density or axonal fiber loss without inflammatory infiltrates. A reversible neural hyperexcitabile mechanism is considered as a cause of this painful polyneuropathy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Self-Incrimination and the Epistemology of Testimony

The United States Supreme Court's limitation of the privilege against self-incrimination to evidence of a testimonial nature has been controversial. The doctrinal reliance on a distinction between physical and testimonial evidence has proven difficult to apply in practice, and it has been criticized as being descriptively inaccurate, analytically incoherent, and normatively indefensible. This article offers a defense of the distinction on epistemological grounds. The philosophical focus on testimony as a source of knowledge provides some insight into what makes testimony distinct as an epistemic source. These considerations are used to provide a coherent and principled way to distinguish what evidence to treat as testimonial for Fifth Amendment purposes: any evidence that requires a fact-finder to rely on the epistemic authority of the defendant. This principle is then used to justify a testimonial privilege in light of the presumption of innocence and to clarify doctrine.
Ephrin receptor A2 is a functional entry receptor for Epstein-Barr virus.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that infects more than 90% of the world’s population 1 . EBV predominantly infects human B cells and epithelial cells, which is initiated by fusion of the viral envelope with a host cellular membrane 2 . The mechanism of EBV entry into B cells has been well characterized 3 . However, the mechanism for epithelial cell entry remains elusive. Here, we show that the integrins αvβ5, αvβ6 and αvβ8 do not function as entry and fusion receptors for epithelial cells, whereas Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase A2 (EphA2) functions well for both. EphA2 overexpression significantly increased EBV infection of HEK293 cells. Using a virus-free cell–cell fusion assay, we found that EphA2 dramatically promoted EBV but not herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion with HEK293 cells. EphA2 silencing using small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or knockout by CRISPR–Cas9 blocked fusion with epithelial cells. This inhibitory effect was rescued by the expression of EphA2. Antibody against EphA2 blocked epithelial cell infection. Using label-free surface plasmon resonance binding studies, we confirmed that EphA2 but not EphA4 specifically bound to EBV gHgL and this interaction is through the EphA2 extracellular domain (ECD). The discovery of EphA2 as an EBV epithelial cell receptor has important implications for EBV pathogenesis and may uncover new potential targets that can be used for the development of novel intervention strategies. The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is identified as an EBV entry and fusion receptor in epithelial cells. EphA2 depletion or absence, or the use of anti-EphA2 antibodies, precludes infection of epithelial cell lines and oropharyngeal carcinoma cells.
Editorial: SPIE-An International Society

When the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) began calling itself PIE hie International Society for Optical Engineering in 19811, an important motivating factor was the desire of the Society's Governors to reflect a rise in the membership from countries other than the United States and to foster an increase in cooperative activities with the optical engineering communities within those countries. At a time when the Society's technical focus had drifted away from photographic instrumentation and toward optical engineering, its membership had become less exclusively comprised of individuals from the U.S. and was beginning to develop a much more international flavor.
siRNA mediated knockdown of Bcl-2 and low-dose taxol treatment in human glioblastoma U251MG cells induces apoptosis, inhibits cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor growth in nude mice

4389 RNA interference using siRNA is a powerful tool to knockdown the mRNA and thus protein level of a target gene. Taxol is an anti-cancer drug that binds to β-tubulin to prevent tumor cell division; however, higher doses of taxol may be toxic to normal cells. The anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 is upregulated in cancer cells for protection from apoptosis. The aim of our present study was to downregulate Bcl-2 expression using cognate siRNA in a highly invasive glioblastoma cell line (U251MG) during a low-dose taxol treatment and to examine apoptosis, inhibition of cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Human glioblastoma U251MG cells were treated with 100 nM taxol or 100 nM Bcl-2 siRNA or both for 72 h. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting demonstrated around 80% knockdown of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels. Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay demonstrated apoptosis in almost 60% of cells after combination treatment with taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA. Matrigel invasion studies demonstrated a significant decrease in cell invasion after treatment with taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA. In vivo angiogenesis assays in immunocompromised mice showed complete inhibition of neo-vasculature after treatment with both agents. The combination treatment with taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA further demonstrated a remarkable decrease in growth of both subcutaneous and intracerebral tumors in nude mice. Taken together, the results of our study indicated that the combination treatment with taxol and Bcl-2 siRNA effectively induced apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Therefore, this combination therapeutic strategy offers a potential tool for the controlling the growth of human glioblastoma. This work was supported by the R01 CA-91460 grant from the NCI.
v-CAT: A Cyberlearning Framework for Personalized Cognitive Skill Assessment and Training

Recent research has shown that hundreds of millions of workers worldwide may lose their jobs to robots and automation by 2030, impacting over 40 developed and emerging countries and affecting more than 800 types of jobs. While automation promises to increase productivity and relieve workers from tedious or heavy-duty tasks, it can also widen the gap, leaving behind workers who lack automation training. In this project, we propose to build a technologically based, personalized vocational cyberlearning training system, where the user is assessed while immersed in a simulated workplace/factory task environment, and the system collecting and analyzing multisensory cognitive, behavioral and physiological data. Such a system, will produce recommendations to support targeted vocational training decision-making. The focus is on collecting and analyzing specific neurocognitive functions that include, working memory, attention, cognitive overload and cognitive flexibility. Collected data are analyzed to reveal, in iterative fashion, relationships between physiological and cognitive performance metrics, and how these relate to work-related behavioral patterns that require special vocational training.
Laser Applications in Children

Lasers can be used to treat a wide variety of dermatological disorders in children. This chapter outlines the conditions amenable to laser surgery in children (Table 1) and discusses the special issues surrounding parental counseling, heightened anxiety and safety precautions when performing laser surgery in children.
Lead exposure biomarkers in the Common Loon.

Abstract Lead in fishing tackle is a significant source of exposure to the environment, wildlife, and potentially humans. Common Loons (Gavia immer) are exposed to lead by eating fish which have lead tackle, or ingesting fishing weights or spent ammunition when they ingest small stones to aid in digestion. Blood lead is traditionally used as a biomarker of exposure in loons, but it only reflects recent exposures. Cumulative exposure measured via bone lead may better reflect the overall health of loons and their aquatic habitat. This study compared a portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) device for measurement of bone lead with and without tissue overlying the bone on loon cadavers with measurements made by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of different tissues from the loons. For this study we had 75 bone samples, 19 body fluid samples, and 17 liver lead samples. We found significant correlations between portable XRF bone lead measurements made with overlying tissue and ICP-MS measures of bone lead (R = 0.88), body fluid lead (R = 0.65), and liver lead (R = 0.71). Bone lead was found to be higher in loons collected from non-coastal regions. In assessing lead-related cause of death, bone lead proved more predictive than liver lead. Future studies should investigate the value of these biomarkers for both aquatic health and loon health to further validate our findings.
Constructing past, present, and future communities: Exploring the experiences of community among last-dollar scholarship students.

This study explores sense of community (SOC) among low-income college students. The development of a SOC among college students, especially low-income students, may be particularly vital because of its implications for student success. Six low-income Arizona State University students were selected based on receipt of a prestigious last-dollar scholarship. Using narrative inquiry, participants were interviewed about their understanding and experiences with communities. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Participant narratives were created to provide context and in-depth understanding of experiences. We identified the following themes: (a) mutual support and caring; (b) shared values and goals; (c) interaction and intentionality; and (d) community as self-constructed, intersecting, and nonlinear. These findings expand existing literature on SOC, with an emphasis on low-income students in university settings. This research offers an opportunity to examine ways in which universities and student services can provide students an opportunity to better understand their own SOC.
Age Matters: Stopping Out, Going Back, and Criminal Desistance Based on Timing of Educational Return:

Education can reduce criminal behavior through preventive influences and later desistance. However, the desistance effect may be hindered by the age at which one returns to formal education. This s...
Sleep and Psychiatric Problems in Children and Adolescents

Sleep in children and adolescents is essential for adequate growth and development. Disturbances in sleep might cause secondary psychiatric disorders. Thus, inquiring about sleep should be a part of the routine pediatric evaluation. Insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are the major causes of sleep disorders in this population. Behavioral management and treatment of underlying causes should be conducted prior to using pharmacologic agents in children and adolescents to manage insomnia. Treatment of SDB can range from pharmacological agents (i.e., nasal spray for snoring) to surgeries (i.e., adenotonsillectomy).
Maternal Elimination Diets versus Hypoallergenic Formula on Outcomes of Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy

Background: Hypersensitivity to cow milk proteins is one of the most common food allergies during infancy. The diagnosis varies due to the variety and intensity of symptoms. Skin and blood tests are available, however diagnosis is still primarily clinically based. Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) results from hypersensitivity to cow’s milk protein in milk-based formulas and through excretion into breast milk (from maternal dairy intake). Presenting symptoms commonly include hematochezia, loose mucousy stools, emesis, fussiness, persistent cough, and reflux. Less common symptoms include failure to …
An Efficient Precatalyst Approach for the Synthesis of Thiazole-Containing Conjugated Polymers via Cu-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization (Cu-DArP)

Over the past decade, direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has emerged as a facile and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of conjugated polymers. Recently, we developed Cu-catalyzed DArP (...
Decrease in Medicare Reimbursement for Single-laceration Repairs in the Emergency Department.

Reimbursement policies in the U.S. are complex. Physicians submit charges for their services to Medicare according to their fees, which Medicare determines based on the intensity and costs of services. Then, Medicare chooses to allow or deny these charges and reimburse the providers. Physicians have changed their assignment rates, prices submitted, and the frequency of services offered- all in accordance with changes in reimbursement policies.1 The correlation of increased costs of medical care services due to increased prices and intensity of services has correlated to lower Medicare reimbursement trends.2,3.