cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is personality related to judgments about sexual harassment

Three separate studies were conducted to explore personality correlates of judgments about sexual harassment. ( 1 ) Twenty-one female students aged 18 to 22 yr. were given 11 situations involving actions of an instructor of the opposite sex, ranging from "comments on your clothes" to "looks you up and down or at your breast or crotch" and asked to rate each action on a scale of 0 to 4 for how sexually harassing ic was judged to be. Scores on the 11 items were summed. Subjects were also given a self-confidence scale (Girdano 8: Everly, 1979). Judgments of sexual harassment were not related to self-confidence scores (Pearson 7 z 0.02 ) .2 ( 2 ) Another group of 58 female students, aged 17 to 23 yr. were given the sexual harassment scale and a brief form of the Eysenck Personalicy Inventory (Jensen, 1958) to measure extraversion and neuroticism. Sexual harassment attitude scores were not associated with excraversion ( 7 = 0.05) or neuroticism ( r = -0.03) ." ( 3 ) A third group of 28 female students, aged 18 to 22 yr., were given the sexual harassment scale and a longer measure of excraversion (Eysenck 8: Eysenck, 1968). Sexual harassment attitude scores were associated with extraversion scores ( r = -0.32, df = 25, $ = 0.05).' Judgments about whecher a situation is sexually harassing were not related strongly to the personality dimensions used here. Self-confidence and neuroticism were noc relaced to judgments, and excraversion was related only in the study using the longer scale. Extraverts saw the situations as less sexually harassing than did introverts, but this finding needs to be replicated before we can be confident about its reliability.
May-happen-in-parallel analysis based on segment graphs for safe ESL models

A well-defined system-level model contains explicit parallelism and should be free from parallel access conflicts to shared variables. However, safe parallelism is difficult to achieve since risky shared variables are often hidden deep in the design and are not exposed through simulation. In this paper, we propose a new static analysis approach based on segment graphs that identifies a tight set of potential access conflicts in segments that may-happen-in-parallel (MHP). Our experimental results show that the analysis is complete, accurate and fast to reveal dangerous shared variables in several embedded application models. Compared to earlier work, our approach significantly reduces the number of false conflict reports and thus saves the designer time.
Imbedded Dual-Number Automatic Differentiation to Support CFD Analysis

Dual number automatic differentiation was applied to two different computational fluid dynamics codes, one written specifically for this purpose and one larger “legacy” Fortran code. Results for the simple case of a fully developed laminar flow in a channel validated the accuracy of the approach in computing derivatives with respect to both a fluid property, and a geometric dimension. DNAD was also implemented into the JET Fortran program which is available with a popular turbulence modeling textbook as companion software. Mean centerline velocity derivatives for a self-similar round jet with respect to all applicable turbulence model closure coefficients for both k–ω and k–e models were obtained. The method proved to be accurate and relatively simple to implement into both the new and legacy Fortran codes.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Flagging matrix effects and system drift in organic-solvent-based analysis by axial-viewing inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Spatial emission maps across an end-on-viewed inductively coupled plasma were used to flag matrix interferences and system drift for organic-solvent-based samples. This method is based on the fact that a matrix interference affects emission signals differently from one cross-sectional location in the plasma to another. The method is straightforward: a set of calibration curves made with standard solutions is obtained at several cross-sectional locations in the plasma; each unknown sample is then analyzed by means of those curves. If a matrix interference exists, the determined concentration in the sample will appear to change from spatial location to another. Fundamentally, this behavior arises because the plasma is spatially heterogeneous and is affected by a sample matrix in a spatially dependent way. Isopropanol was used as the solvent for the determination of ten analytes (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn). Three types of matrix interference were examined: spectral, plasma-related and sample-introduction-related. It was found possible to flag errors as small as ±2% caused by any of the three types of matrix interference, as well as system drift.
A conductive channel size comparison of silicon dielectric and amorphous silicon antifuses

The physical size of an antifuse conductive channel is determined through the electrical characterization by using sidewall antifuse structures. The relationship of a programmed 'ON' antifuse conductive channel size as a function of the programming current is established for both metal-metal amorphous silicon antifuses and poly-poly nitride/oxide antifuses. The result shows that the metal amorphous silicon antifuse requires at least 6 times higher programming current than the silicon dielectric antifuse to reach the same conductive channel size with 2000 AA diameter. The programming current ratio for these two types of antifuses increases with increasing antifuse conductive channel size. >
An actin-binding protein from Acanthamoeba regulates actin filament polymerization and interactions

A protein has been purified from Acanthamoeba which, like cytochalasin B, caps the end of actin filaments normally favoured for monomer addition and inhibits the interactions of actin filaments. In addition, this 'capping' protein nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers and blocks the annealing of actin filament fragments.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENTS IN A BUBBLE COLUMN

Mise en place d'un modele mathematique qui decrit le mouvement des bulles dans une colonne a bulles
Radial distribution function in x-ray-absorption fine structure.

It has been argued that, in systems that have disorder too large to be described by a Gaussian, x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy alone cannot define the radial distribution function (RDF) because of the lack of low-k data. We show that the low-k data can, under certain conditions, be reconstructed using cumulant expansions, which give the correct functional form. This allows XAFS to determine unbiased single-shell RDF's in cases of moderate disorder, without assuming a particular model for the RDF. Some examples are given to illustrate the technique and its limitations.
Dorsal Light Receptors

THE dorsal ocelli of adult insects are present in some representatives of almost all orders except Collembola and Ephemeroptera1. Despite their wide occurrence among orders of insects, most hypotheses of their function have usually been ad hoc (for summaries of theories, see refs. 2–4). The physiological nature of the organs, their diversity throughout thousands of species, and their complex role in the integration of behaviour have not yet been thoroughly explored. Knowledge about these organs has begun to accumulate, and recent behavioural works on bees5,6 and on wasps7 give rise to the possibility that the ocelli may be associated more closely with visual perception than was previously thought. This communication is a preliminary report of the possibility that the ocelli act as visual sensitivity adjusters.
The scale-dependent importance of habitat factors and dispersal limitation in structuring Great Lakes shoreline plant communities

Niche-based and neutral models of community structure posit distinct mechanisms underlying patterns in community structure; correlation between species’ distributions and habitat factors points to niche assembly while spatial pattern independent of habitat suggests neutral assembly via dispersal limitation. The challenge is to disentangle the relative contributions when both processes are operating, and to determine the scales at which each is important. We sampled shoreline plant communities on an island in Lake Michigan, varying the extent and the grain of sampling, and used both distance-based correlation methods and variance partitioning to quantify the proportion of the variation in plant species composition that was attributable to habitat factors and to spatial configuration independent of habitat. Our results were highly scale dependent. We found no distance decay of plant community similarity at the island scale (1−33 km). All of the explained variation (32%) in species composition among samples at this scale was attributed to habitat factors. However, at a site intensively sampled at a smaller scale (5−1,200 m), similarity of species composition did decay with distance. Using a coarse sampling grain (transects), habitat factors explained 40% of the variation, but the purely spatial component explained a comparable 22%. Analyzing plots within transects revealed variation in species composition that was still jointly determined by habitat and spatial factors (18 and 11% of the variance, respectively). For both grain sizes, most of the habitat component was spatially structured, reflecting an abrupt alongshore transition from sandy dunes to cobble beach. Space per se explained more variation in species composition at a second site where the habitat transition was more gradual; here, habitat acted as a less selective filter, allowing the signal of dispersal limitation to be detected more readily. We conclude that both adaptation to specific habitat factors and habitat-independent spatial position indicative of dispersal limitation determine plant species composition in this system. Our results support the prediction that dispersal limitation—a potentially, but not necessarily, neutral driver—is relatively more important at smaller scales.
Fetal development of primate chemosensory corpuscles. II. Synaptic relationships in early gestation.

Fungiform papillae contained well-developed chemosensory corpuscles in macaque monkey fetuses with crown-rump lengths of 5.0-9.0 cm. These fetuses corresponded to stages from the last part of the first and beginning of the second trimester of gestation. Chemosensory cells extended from the epithelial basal lamina to the taste pore anlage at the apex of the corpuscle and had typical afferent synaptic contacts with presumptive gustatory axons. Apical secretory granules, the distinctive cytologic feature of sustentacular cells, were absent. Cells with cytologic characteristics intermediate between chemosensory cells and basal extragemmal cells were considered to be differentiating chemosensory (DC) cells and appeared to arise from existing basal cells as well as undifferentiated postmitotic cells. Although extragemmal cells were extensively coupled by gap junctions which are apparent in electron micrographs of thin sections, similar junctions were absent from chemosensory and DC cells. While having minimal structural requirements for transduction and transmission of sapid stimuli (i.e., an intraoral surface and afferent synaptic contacts) chemosensory cells lacked efferent synapses and subsurface cisternae, which can be observed at later stages of gestation. Axoaxonic synapses, present between gustatory axons in the intragemmal and extragemmal epithelium and in the subgemmal connective tissue, were observed with greater frequency than at later stages of gestation. We conclude that the differentiation of chemosensory cells precedes the differentiation of sustentacular cells by several weeks. This fact lends support to the concept that chemosensory cells are a unique identifiable cells type in all chemosensory corpuscles.
Coerced Substance Abuse Counseling Revisited

Abstract This is another look at the practice of coerced substance abuse counseling. The practice is discussed from a research, practice, ethical, and theoretical perspective. Based on the discussion, the practice of coerced counseling is highly unprofessional.
Do Equilibrium Real Business Cycle Theories Explain Post-War U.S. Business Cycles?

This paper presents and interprets some new evidence on the validity of the Real Business Cycle approach to business cycle analysis. The analysis is conducted in the context of a monetary business cycle model which makes explicit one potential link between monetary policy and real allocations. This model is used to interpret Granger causal relations between nominal and real aggregates. Perhaps the most striking empirical finding is that money growth does not Granger cause output growth in the context of several multivariate VARs and for various sample periods during the post war period in the U.S. Several possible reconciliations of this finding with both real and monetary business cycles models are discussed. We find that it is difficult to reconcile our empirical results with the view that exogenous monetary shocks were an important independent source of variation in output growth.
Theory of the anisotropies in the cyclotron resonance peaks for electrons in Ge based on hexagonal orbitals

Abstract In the presence of a high magnetic field, the quantum states for the electron in a crystal are much different from the Bloch states. We construct quantum states characterized by closed molecular orbitals, Landau-like energy levels and high degeneracies, and re-analyze the orientation dependence of the cyclotron resonance data for electrons in Ge. The microscopic foundations for the transverse and longitudinal masses ( m t , m l ) are given in terms of the crystal potential and quantum mechanics. A connection between the cyclotron transverse mass m t and the transport mass defined with the state conductivity is established.
A SEMINAR APPROACH FOR LIBERATING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF NURSES AND PSYCHIATRIC AIDES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Change occurred after daily sessions in which nurses, charge aides, and psychiatric aides participated. Seminar-type discussions, conducted by a clinical psychologist (JRL), focused on the subjective feelings and interpersonal relationships between the participants, their fellow-workers, and their patients. A matched control group made it possible to show that custodialism can be reduced without necessarily altering the presumably more enduring traits of authoritarianism and tough-minded conservatism. A self-rating questionnaire was completed prior to the beginning of the sessions and 5 mo. after their termination. The questiomaire was made up of the Gilbert-Levinson CMI Scale (3 ) , and scales for au:horitarianism ( 1, 2 ) and tough-minded custodialism ( 2 ) . The lower the score, the more humanitarianism is indicated. In contrast to group therapy, the interpersonal in-group interaction was
Chronic ethanol consumption transiently reduces adult neural progenitor cell proliferation

Abstract Adult neural stem/progenitor cells proliferate throughout the life of the animal in the subependymal zone and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG). Treatments such as enriched environment, dietary restriction, running and anti-depressants increase proliferation, however, stress and opiates have been shown to decrease proliferation. While models of binge ethanol drinking decreases proliferation, few studies have characterized the effect chronic ethanol usage has on progenitor cell proliferation. In this study, we have examined changes in the progenitor cell proliferation rate following chronic ethanol consumption. Animals were given a nutritionally balanced liquid diet containing 6.5% v/v ethanol or an isocalorically balanced liquid diet. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered (150 mg/kg×3) and the animals sacrificed 2 h after the last injection on days 3, 10 or 30 of the ethanol diet. Coronal brain blocks were paraffin embedded and 6 μm sections sliced and immunohistochemically stained for BrdU. Quantitation of the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the subgranular zone of the DG revealed a significant decrease only at the 3-day time-point, with recovery by the 10- and 30-day time-points. Thus, the progenitor cell proliferation rate is transiently decreased by chronic ethanol usage. This data suggests that chronic alcohol use results in a compensatory response that restores the progenitor cell proliferation rate.
Passive scalar in a random wave field: the weak turbulence approach

Abstract We consider the evolution of a passive scalar advected by a velocity field which is a superposition of random linear waves. An equation for the average concentration of the passive scalar is derived (in the limit of small molecular diffusion) using the weak turbulence methodology. In addition to the enhanced diffusion, this equation contains the correction to the (Stokes) drift. Both of these terms have the fourth order with respect to wave amplitudes. The formulas for the coefficients of turbulent diffusion and turbulent drift are derived.
Economist in an uncertain world : Arthur F. Burns and the Federal Reserve, 1970-78

As the Chairman of the powerful Federal Reserve Board during most of the 1970s, Burns presided over what many see as the demise of the postwar economic order. Wells goes beyond demonstrating that Burns greatly influenced the ways that Americans dealt with the crises of the 1970s to posit that an examination of Burns' tenure helps to explain the U.S. economy today.
Wortmannin has opposite effects on phorbol ester-induced DNA synthesis and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis

The tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and hormonal activators of protein kinase C (PKC) commonly stimulate phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated formation of phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) in fibroblasts and other cell types. On the basis that phosphatidic acid is a mitogen, PLD is often considered to have a major role in the regulation of cell growth by PKC activators. However, we found that in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K), strongly inhibited DNA synthesis induced by 100 nM PMA, while it actually enhanced PMA-stimulated PtdCho hydrolysis. These results indicate that stimulation of PLD activity is either not required or not sufficient for the mitogenic action of PMA.
Observation of the octupole septuplet of 209Bi in inelastic proton scattering

Abstract Magnetic analysis of 21 MeV protons inelastically scattered from the 2.6 Me octupole state of 206, 207, 208Pb and 209Bi is reported. In the odd-A nuclei this state splits into a close multiplet with the number of levels in agreement with the predictions of the weak coupling model.
Impairment of protein kinase C activity in twitcher Schwann cells in vitro

Abstract Twitcher (twi/twi) is a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy in humans caused by a genetic deficiency in activity of galactosylceramidase. Our previous study demonstrated that the rate of Schwann cell proliferation in twi/twi was considerably lower than that of the control ( + / + ) in vitro. We hypothesize that the lower mitotic rate in twi/twi results from the metabolic perturbation of Schwann cells caused by an accumulation of the toxic metabolite of galactosylceramidase, psychosine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). Mouse Schwann cells are known to be stimulated to divide by growth factors in media containing fetal bovine serum. The stimulation by glial growth factor (GGF) or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is thought to be through the PKC pathway, but not by the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-/3 ). Thus, we tested responses of twi/twi and +/+ Schwann cells to these growth factors. Schwann cells were isolated from the dorsal root ganglia at 30 days of age and the experiments were carried out at 21 days in vitro. In media containing PDGF-BB or bovine pituitary extract (BPE), the mitotic rate of twi/twi Schwann cells was 76% or 69% of the + / + value, respectively, while significant differences were detected between twi/twi and + / + in cultures containing TGF-β or bFGF. When phorbol 12,13-dibutyrylate, a specific activator of PKC, was added to the media containing PDGF-BB or BPE, the mitotic rate of twi/twi Schwann cells improved up to 90%v of + / + cells. Staurosporine, an inhibitor of PKC, suppressed the proliferation of both twi/twi and + / + Schwann cells. However, proliferation of twi/twi Schwann cells was suppressed by one-tenth of the concentration required for + / + Schwann cells. These results are consistent with an accumulation of psychosine, an inhibitor of PKC, and suggest that the signal transduction system through PKC is impaired in the twi/twi Schwann cells.
5'-Nucleotidases of retinal rod membranes.

Abstract 5′-Nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) was solubilized from rod membranes with Ammonyx LO and purified by chromatographic methods. A highly sensitive radioassay was developed. The purified enzyme behaved as a homogeneous protein of 75,000 daltons in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as a protein of 79,000 in gel filtration. Thus, the enzyme does not contain subunits. The K m values obtained were 1.3 μ m for 5′-AMP and 2.3 μ m for 5′-GMP. The enzyme was inhibited by concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin. Rabbit muscle G-actin formed a complex with the enzyme and inhibited its activity. The catalytic site of the enzyme was localized on the internal surface of the disk which, in terms of membrane sidedness, corresponds to the cell surface. A soluble 5′-nucleotidase was extracted from rod membranes with Tris buffer (pH 8.0) containing EGTA in the dark; less enzyme was extracted if the membranes had been exposed to light or incubated with Ca 2+ . The extracted enzyme was partially purified. The enzyme was unstable and lost 50% of its activity in 3 days at 3 °C. The K m values were 1.3 μ m for 5′-AMP and 2.3 μ m for 5′-GMP. The enzyme was inhibited by G-actin. A role for the soluble enzyme in the regulation of 5′-GMP in the rod outer segment was suggested.
The science and humanity of cystic fibrosis.

1~ hen the selection committee approached me with their invitation to give the Joseph Levy Memorial Lecture, I confess to being somewhat awed by the honor, especially since I was following in the lineage of Francis Collins and Paul Quinton. I could not see myself within the scope and shape of their scientific accomplishments for cystic fibrosis. I concluded that as a senior physician, I symbolized my many clinical colleagues who have labored so long and hard in this disease and have played a role in its changing course over the past four to five decades. It is on that experience which I shall draw for this lecture. It is especially inspiring to be a part of this international conference, and to celebrate the immense contribution of Jerusalem to the history of the struggle of humanity. Therefore, I will make some comments on cystic fibrosis with a focus on some of the issues for the present and future in both the Science and Humanity of Cystic Fibrosis. There is no question that the duration of life and the morbidity of cystic fibrosis have changed during the past half century, during which there has been greater recognition and better treatment of the disease. The question is, what factors have led to this change? It is most tempting to pick out one or two interventions as the critical basis for the changes in mortality. I suspect this is a simplification and, as in so much of past understanding about clinical approaches to illness, avoids the recognition that multiple factors frequently participate in the changes we observe. Certainly, this may apply to cystic fibrosis. I asked several of my distinguished and learned colleagues what they thought were the reasons for the a l tera t ion in course and prognosis . Both Harry
Adaptive optics confocal microscopy using direct wavefront sensing

Optical aberrations due to the inhomogeneous refractive index of tissue degrade the resolution and brightness of images in deep-tissue imaging. We introduce a confocal fluorescence microscope with adaptive optics, which can correct aberrations based on direct wavefront measurements using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with a fluorescent bead used as a point source reference beacon. The results show a 4.3× improvement in the Strehl ratio and a 240% improvement in the signal intensity for fixed mouse tissues at depths of up to 100 μm.
Operation and output pulse characteristics of an extremely compact capillary-discharge tabletop soft-x-ray laser

We report on the operating parameters and laser output pulse characteristics of an extremely compact discharge-pumped 46.9-nm laser of a size comparable with that of many widely utilized visible and ultraviolet gas lasers. This capillary-discharge laser generated subnanosecond laser pulses with energies of as much as 25 µJ by single-pass amplification in an 18.6-cm-long argon-plasma column. Measurements of the laser output energy, pulse width, far-field beam profile, and beam divergence are reported.
Ignition Hazards of Charged Dielectrics in Flammable Environments

Five categories of dielectric materials are discussed that may cause static ignition hazards in an industrial environment. Examples of fires that have been caused by static charge accumulation on nonconducting materials are described. Procedures for evaluating the degree of hazard and for avoiding static spark ignition are recommended.
Patterns of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in graphene nanorings

Using extensive tight-binding calculations, we investigate (including the spin) the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect in monolayer and bilayer trigonal and hexagonal graphene rings with zigzag boundary conditions. Unlike the previous literature, we demonstrate the universality of integer ($hc/e$) and half-integer ($hc/2e$) values for the period of the AB oscillations as a function of the magnetic flux, in consonance with the case of mesoscopic metal rings. Odd-even (in the number of Dirac electrons, $N$) sawtooth-type patterns relating to the halving of the period have also been found; they are more numerous for a monolayer hexagonal ring, compared to the cases of a trigonal and a bilayer hexagonal ring. Additional, more complicated patterns are also present, depending on the shape of the graphene ring. Overall, the AB patterns repeat themselves as a function of $N$, with periods proportional to the number of the sides of the rings.
Emerging infectious diseases in the institutional setting: another hot zone

During the closing years of the 20th century, there has been an unprecedented number of newly recognized infectious agents and a resurgence of infectious diseases only recently thought to be conquered. These problems have been compounded by the increasing number of pathogens that have evolved resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hospitals and other institutional settings occupy a pivotal niche in the emergence of infectious agents due to factors such as the large concentrations of ill and immuno-compromised persons, evolving technologies in healthcare settings, routine breeches of host defense mechanisms, and frequent use of antimicrobial agents. Any comprehensive strategy to address emerging infectious diseases must incorporate provisions for healthcare settings, including efforts to enhance surveillance, response capacity, training, education, applied research, and routine implementation of prevention measures.
Antimonide based Quantum Well Transistors for High Speed, Low Power Logic Applications

We have recently demonstrated indium antimonide based quantum well field effect transistors with 85 nm physical gate length. Enhancement mode n-channel InSb quantum well transistors (QWFETs) exhibit unity gain cutoff frequency, exceeding 300 GHz at an operating voltage of only 0.5 V VDS. The InSb quantum well transistors demonstrate 50% higher intrinsic speed, than silicon NMOS transistors while consuming 10 times less active DC power
Molecular genetics and targeted therapies for cutaneous melanoma

Abstract Therapy for advanced melanoma remains inadequate and novel approaches are needed. The network of signal transduction abnormalities in melanoma is being elucidated with the help of the discovery of somatic genetic mutations. Preclinical evidence supports targeting the pathways that are upregulated as a consequence of activation of oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressor genes. The best-studied pathways include the MAP kinase pathway and PI3 kinase pathway. The activity of these pathways appears to account for some of the resistance to chemotherapy that is well-noted clinically in this disease. Therefore, inhibitors of these pathways may offer rational agents to combine with conventional chemotherapy. More preclinical research is needed to understand how to combine signal transduction inhibitors in a way that will obviate the need for chemotherapy.
A hybrid decomposition scheme for building scientific workflows

Two problem decomposition schemes, component assembly and workflow orchestration, have been widely adopted to architect large scale scientific applications. These two methodologies, however, approach problem decomposition from different distinctly perspectives with the result that most problem solving environments provide only one approach to the exclusion of the other. For example the Ccaffeine, a parallel CCA framework, provides the component assembly environment only; while Kepler, a widely-used scientific workflow toolkit, is designed mainly as the workflow orchestration environment. Each methodology has situations, within the same problem domain, where it may be more appropriate than the other, however. Thus, to bring benefits from both methodologies, in this paper we present a hybrid problem decomposition scheme. By augmenting Ccaffeine with the web services interface, we enable Ccaffeine as a special workflow actor in the Kepler environment, so that a Kepler user can gain the benefits of both approaches by applying the two methodologies for the subproblems depending on the various performance and resource-sharing requirements. The hybrid scheme will first use the workflow scheme to decompose the problem based on the distribution of the resource; thereafter adopts the component assembly scheme to further decompose those computationally intensive cores for the high performance solutions.
An evaluative essay on current conceptions of effective leadership

Theories of transformational and charismatic leadership provide important insights about the nature of effective leadership, but most of the theories have weaknesses in the conceptualization and measurement of leadership processes. The limitations include use of simplistic two-factor models, omission of relevant behaviours, focus on dyadic processes, assumption of heroic leadership, and overreliance on weak methods. I discuss these weaknesses and present results from a study on leader behaviour dimensions to clarify some of my concerns.
Clothed in the Public Interest: The Common Callings, Commerce, and Marketing:

This article examines an antediluvian justification for the regulation of marketing and other dimensions of commerce: the concept of the common calling. The authors trace the roots of the common calling to medieval times, outline its eventual evolution into the common carrier, and discuss how policy makers through the years have used it to grapple with the often contradictory interests of both private enterprise and the public welfare.
Fullerenes inside carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes: optimum and maximum sizes

Abstract The potential energies of interaction between carbon nanotubes and internal fullerenes of spherical and ellipsoidal shape, as well as between nanotubes in multi-walled nanotubes were calculated using the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential for carbon–carbon interactions. The optimum and maximum size of internal fullerenes and multi-walled nanotubes are determined as a function of the external nanotube radius. It was found that at the potential energy minimum, the van der Waals distance is close to that in graphite for all studied cases. The calculated results agree with available experimental observations and could be used as a guide for future experiments.
19F and 31P NMR substituent effects in the N-aryl-, N-(triarylmethyl)-, and N-(triarylsilyl)-triarylphosphinimes

Substituent effects in the N-aryl, N-(triarylmethyl)-, and N-(triarlsilyl)-triarylphosphinimines have been investigated by 19F and 31P NMR. The para 19F substituent chemical shift (SCS) of the N-(p-fluorophenyl)-triarylphosphinimines show that the triarylphosphinimine group is a good supplier of electron density by induction and by resonance. 31P SCS indicate that in the protonation of N-(p-flurophenyl)-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphinimine, the positive charge is localized on the phosphorus atom. Interposition of a Ph2C group between the fluorophenyl and the triarylphosphinimine groups in the above compounds produces a deshielding of the para 19F nucleus, which is attributed to loss of resonance. Interposition of a Ph2Si group between the above groups produces a large deshielding effect, which is best explained by the withdrawing of electron density into vacant silicon acceptor orbitals. The silicon para 19F phenyl SCS of the N-(triarylsilyl)triarylphosphinimines do not show evidence supporting a resonance structure between silicon and nitrogen. The range of the silicon para 19F phenyl SCS in the series of compounds FC6H4SiPh2NP(C6H4Y)3, where Y is H, OCH3, F, or Cl is over 1 ppm and the 19F shift on changing substituent Y is concentration independent. The deshielding of the phosphorus para fluorophenyl groups vs. the meta fluoro groups may be explained by a mechanism similar to that advanced for the silicon fluorophenyl group; namely, withdrawing of electron density into vacant phosphorus acceptor orbitals. 31P SCS of the N-(triarylsilyl)triarylphosphinimines do not rule out a resonance mechanism operating over the entire 11 bonds of these silicon compounds, although other explanations are also plausible.
Synthesis of 14C-labeled antitumor agents. I. Synthesis of the ring- and side-chain-14C-labeled DL-4,4′-propylenedi-2,6-piperazinediones

The ring- and side-chain-14C-labeled DL-4,4′-propylenedi-2,6-piperazinediones (I) were synthesized from chloroacetic acid-1-14C in two steps and from DL-analine-1-14C in six steps, respectively. The radiochemical yield for the ring labeling was 24.5%; for the side-chain labeling it was 13.7%. In the side-chain labeling, the synthesis involved a new method for preparing DL-proprylenediamine from DL-alaninamide.
Social Entrepreneurship and the Multiple Logics of Societal Impact

Previous social entrepreneurship (SE) research has emphasized the importance of blending economic and social perspectives. That framing of the SE conversation, however, falls short of capturing imp...
Deep-inelastic structure functions in the MIT bag model.

Deep-inelastic structure functions are calculated from a Peierls-Yoccoz-projected MIT bag wave function. The calculation yields quark distribution functions that have the correct support as a function of Bjorken x. These functions are evolved to ${Q}^{2}$=15 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ using QCD perturbation theory, where they are shown to disagree with experiment. Possible improvements are discussed.
The early cancer anorexia paradigm: changes in plasma free tryptophan and feeding indexes.

Tumor growth is accompanied by an anorexia mediated by humoral factors that appear to influence appetitive mechanisms in the brain. Because tumor resection is followed by resumption of normal food intake, the circulating anorexigenic substance(s) are produced either by the neoplastic tissue or by the host in response to the tumor
Writing Web 2.0 Applications for Science Archives

Writing these sorts of science archive web applications is now possible because of some significant breakthroughs in web technology over the last four years. The Web browser is no longer a glorified batch processing terminal, but an interactive environment that allows the user to have a similar experience as one might expect with an installed desktop application. Taking advantage of this technology requires a significant amount of UI design and advanced interactions with the web server. There are new levels of sophistication required to effectively develop this sort of web application. The IRSA group (NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive) is developing web-based software that equally takes advantage of modern technology and is designed to be reused easily. This way we can add new missions and data sets without a large programming effort while keeping the advanced interface. We can now provide true web-based FITS viewing, data overlays, and interaction without any plugins. Our tabular display allows us to filter, sort, and interact with large amounts data in ways that take advantage of the browser's power. This talk will show how we can us AJAX technology, the Google Web Toolkit (GWT), and Java to develop a data archive that is both well designed and creates a truly interactive experience.
Effect of gravity on the vibration of vertical cantilevers

Abstract The free vibration of a vertically-oriented, thin, prismatic cantilever is influenced by weight. That is, the natural frequencies (and to a lesser extent, mode shapes) are affected by the application of a linearly varying axial load. A beam with an “upward” orientation, i.e., with the free end above the clamped end, will experience a de-stiffening effect, up to the point of self-weight buckling (at zero effective stiffness). A beam in a “downward” orientation will be stiffened by the weight of the beam. This technical note describes some simple experiments on very slender strips and their (vertical) orientation and shows a close correlation with theory.
Intermittent left anterior hemiblock with Wenckebach phenomenon

Abstract A case of intermittent left anterior hemiblock with Wenckebach phenomenon in the anterior division of the left bundle branch is reported. Direct Wenckebach sequences are seen in the conventional electrocardiogram with 3:2 or 4:3 conduction ratios. In the same tracings, groups of beats in which left anterior hemiblock appears suddenly for 1, 2 or more consecutive beats are interpreted as evidence of incompletely concealed Wenckebach phenomenon. An electrocardiogram recorded 10 months later from the same patient showed stable left anterior hemiblock. This is the first reported case, as far as can be determined, of direct Wenckebach sequences in the anterior division of the left bundle branch.
Comparison of directly stimulated with axon‐reflex–mediated sudomotor responses in human subjects and in patients with diabetes

The muscarinic receptors of human eccrine sweat gland may be directly stimulated by iontophoresis of acetylcholine (direct response; DIR) and indirectly via nicotinic receptors and an axon "reflex" (AXR). Using a specially designed multicompartmental sweat cell and dual sudorometers, we were able to simultaneously record the evoked DIR and AXR responses. On a second day, we repeated the experiment under identical ambient and stimulus conditions but instead obtained silastic imprints of DIR and AXR for morphometry. Studies were done on 24 controls (mean +/- SD = 47.6 +/- 15.1 years) and 23 diabetic subjects (mean +/- SD = 49.6 +/- 16.3 years). In control subjects, sudorometric DIR recordings were consistently larger than AXR. There was no difference in sweat droplet density by sex, but the size of droplets was larger in males. In diabetic patients 3 of 23 had absent AXR but preserved DIR, suggesting that failure of AXR preceded DIR in patients with neuropathy. Patients with mild neuropathy had an overrepresentation of large diameter droplets in the silastic imprints of both DIR and AXR, while patients with severe neuropathy had a markedly reduced density and small diameter droplets.
Serialization-Aware Mini-Graphs: Performance with Fewer Resources

Instruction aggregation-the grouping of multiple operations into a single processing unit -is a technique that has recently been used to amplify the bandwidth and capacity of critical processor structures. This amplification can be used to improve IPC or to maintain IPC while reducing physical resources. Mini-graph processing is a particular instruction aggregation technique that targets dynamically-scheduled superscalar processors and achieves bandwidth and capacity amplification throughout the pipeline. The dark side of aggregation is serialization. External serialization is an effect common to many aggregation schemes. An aggregate cannot issue until all of its external inputs are ready. If the last-arriving input to an aggregate feeds what is not the first instruction, the entire aggregate can be delayed. Mini-graphs additionally suffer from internal serialization. Serialization can degrade performance, sometimes to the point of overwhelming the benefits of aggregation. This paper examines the problem of serialization and serialization-aware aggregation in the context of mini-graphs. An aggressive mini-graph selection scheme that seeks to maximize amplification, produces amplification rates of 38% but, due to serialization, cannot use them to compensate for a 33% reduction in physical resources (i.e., a reduction from 4-way issue to 3-way issue). A conservative selection scheme that avoids serialization by static inspection produces amplification rates of only 20%, making a performance neutral reduction in resources virtually impossible. To reconcile the seemingly conflicting goals of resource amplification and serialization avoidance, this paper develops three schemes that identify and reject mini-graphs with harmful serialization. The most effective of these, Slack-Profile, uses local slack profiles to reject mini-graphs whose estimated delay cannot be absorbed by the rest of the program. Slack- Profile virtually eliminates serialization-induced slowdowns while providing 34% amplification rates. A 3-way issue processor augmented with Slack-Profile mini-graphs outperforms a 4-way issue processor by an average of 2%.
Initial characterization of parallel NFS implementations

Parallel NFS (pNFS) is touted as an emergent standard protocol for parallel I/O access in various storage environments. Several pNFS prototypes have been implemented for initial validation and protocol examination. Previous efforts have focused on realizing the pNFS protocol to expose the best bandwidth potential from underlying file and storage systems. In this presentation, we provide an initial characterization of two pNFS prototype implementations, lpNFS (a Lustre-based parallel NFS implementation) and spNFS (another reference implementation from Network Appliance, Inc.). We show that both lpNFS and spNFS can faithfully achieve the primary goal of pNFS, i.e., aggregating I/O bandwidth from many storage servers. However, they both face the challenge of scalable metadata management. Particularly, the throughput of sp-NFS metadata operations degrades significanlty with an increasing number of data servers. Even for the better-performing lpNFS, we discuss its architecture and propose a direct I/O request flow protocol to improve its performance.
EGF-like peptides mediate FSH-induced maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes

This study was carried out to examine the participation of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptides in the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) in mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO). The EGF-like peptide, amphiregulin (AR), dose-dependently stimulated meiotic resumption in CEO, but not denuded oocytes (DO) maintained in meiotic arrest with 300 microM dbcAMP. The EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor, AG1478, blocked meiotic resumption induced by FSH and AR in CEO, but had no effect in DO. FSH-induced maturation was also suppressed by antisera to both EGFR and EGF. Maturation occurred with slightly faster kinetics in AR-stimulated CEO when compared to FSH-stimulated CEO. When CEO were maintained in meiotic arrest with a low level of dbcAMP, FSH was initially inhibitory to maturation and later stimulatory; the stimulatory phase was prevented by AG1478, indicating mediation by EGF-like peptides. Pulsing CEO with high levels of dbcAMP also stimulated GVB and could be blocked by AG1478. Treatment of arrested CEO with PKC agonists stimulated maturation and this was prevented with AG1478 as well as antibodies to EGFR. FSH-induced maturation of dbcAMP-arrested CEO was blocked by bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM-I), an inhibitor of PKC, implicating PKC in FSH action. EGF-stimulated CEO failed to resume maturation in the presence of glycerrhetinic acid, a gap junction inhibitor, suggesting transfer of positive signal through the cell-cell coupling pathway. These data support the idea that EGF-like peptides provide a common pathway mediating the meiosis-inducing influence of FSH, cAMP pulsing, and PKC activation in mouse CEO by a gap junction-dependent process.
Foot and Ankle Injuries in Theatrical Dancers

The theatrical dancer is a unique combination of athlete and artist. The physical demands of dance class, rehearsal, and performance can lead to injury, particularly to the foot and ankle. Ankle sprains are the most common acute injury. Chronic injuries predominate and relate primarily to the repeated impact loading of the foot and ankle on the dance floor. Contributing factors include anatomic variation, improper technique, and fatigue. Early and aggressive conservative management is usually successful and surgery is rarely indicated. Orthotics play a limited but potentially useful role in treatment. Following treatment, a structured rehabilitation program is fundamental to the successful return to dance.
Pacific halibut on the move: a renewed understanding of adult migration from a coastwide tagging study

Results of a coastwide tagging study show that ontogenetic migration of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) continues for larger fish, whereas in recent years the assumption had been that only smaller, younger fish migrated. In 2003–2004, a total of 67 000 Pacific halibut tagged with passive integrated transponder tags were released by the International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC) from Oregon to the Bering Sea. Portside scanning recovered over 3000 of these tags. Models were fitted that allowed commercial fishing mortality to be a function of fish length, year, and IPHC regulatory area, while migration probability was a function of area and length. Estimates from the models support the view that exploitation rates were much higher in eastern than western areas prior to the reduction of quotas following new results from a coastwide stock assessment in 2007. We explore possible explanations for differences between tagging and IPHC stock assessment results and note that this research provides con...
CULTURE STUDIES ON THE MARINE GREEN ALGA HALICYSTIS PARVULA-DERBESIA TENUISSIMA. III. CONTROL OF GAMETE FORMATION BY AN ENDOGENOUS RHYTHM(1) (2).

Evidence is presented for an endogenous rhythm which controls gamete formation in the coenocytic gametophytic stage of the marine alga Derbesia tenuissima (De Notaris) Crouan fr. (Chlorophyceae), formerly known as Halicystis parvula. The rhythm is present under conditions of constant light and temperature, or in alternating light and darkness (LD 12 :12 or LD 8 : 8). Under controlled conditions in the laboratory, the basic period of this rhythm is 4-5 days. The period is affected very little by temperature or light intensity. Gametangia may appear only at every other cycle of the underlying rhythm at approximately 8-day intervals, or even every third cycle at intervals of about 12 days. The observation that the interval between the appearance of new gametangia does not vary continuously when light or temperature is varied but tends to be a multiple of 4 days is the strongest evidence available that a true endogenous rhythm with a period of about 4 days is present in Derbesia. Evidence is presented that circadian rhythmicity does not play a part in the timing of the initiation of gametangia in this organism.