cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meconium Ileus Equivalent Complicating Cystic Fibrosis in Postneonatal Children and Young Adults: Report of 12 cases

Twelve patients with meconium ileus equivalent complicating cystic fibrosis in the postneonatal perio were seen at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1950 through 1975. In a child or young adult with known or suspected cystic fibrosis, the triad of recurrent colicky abdominal pain, a mass in the right lower quadrant, and mechanical intestinal obstruction provides a clue to diagnosis of meconium ileus equivalent. The clinical suspicion of meconium ileus equivalent may be confirmed by meglumine diatrizoate (Gastrografin) enema, which in most uncomplicated cases also serves as treatment.
On the temperature response of semiconductor devices

This paper is somewhat tutorial in nature although the results shown here are derived from the thermal analysis of a specific microwave power transistor. Computer-aided thermal simulation techniques are used to derive heat transfer characteristics and to estimate the operating temperature of the device for a time varying sequence of power pulses. The technique and results are discussed to point out important thermal effects that occur and are common to most semiconductor devices. Points of interest include the temperature distribution both on and within the chip, effects of temperature dependent material properties, the effect of adding a heat spreader under the chip, and finally, the meaning and significance of the effective thermal time constant for the junction, the chip, the carrier and other parts of the electronic package. Some effects of unwitting temperature measurement by experimental techniques are also indicated where appropriate. These results form somewhat of a sequel to an earlier paper, which discussed similar results for other semiconductor devices.1 The main difference of this device compared with those in the earlier paper is that the effective junction time constant is much shorter since it is only on the order of 50 ms. As a result, junction temperature excursions become quite large even for power pulses of only several microseconds duration.
Legal pressure in therapeutic communities.

Therapeutic community (TC) studies are reviewed to assess the effects of legal referral on treatment retention and outcome. The main findings reveal little evidence for differential outcomes between legally referred and non-legally referred clients in TCs, although legal referrals to TCs remain longer in treatment than do “voluntary” clients. Thus, there is an indirect relationship between legal referral and outcome which is mediated through retention in treatment. Issues are discussed which have confounded interpretation of research on the efficacy of compulsory treatment, e.g., definitions, client perception of pressure, implementation of legal referral procedures and the complexity of the recovery process itself. It is hypothesized that legal pressure can have a limited but potent role in the recovery process for appropriately identified substance abusers.
The Teacher Performance Rate and Accuracy Scale (TPRA): Training as evaluation.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Teacher Performance Rate and Accuracy Scale (TPRA) which is a method of direct teacher observation used in the teacher evaluation and training component of the Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling (CABAS ® ) model of schooling. The TPRA builds on the concept of academic engaged time (a measure frequently employed during ecobehavioral assessment) by counting the presence or absence of learn units (interlocking three-term contingencies for both students and teachers) during instruction. Implementation procedures for the TPRA, its application for identification and analysis of instructional problems, and its use for training and ongoing evaluation of teachers are presented and discussed.
An Ir-based anode for a practical CO2 electrolyzer

Abstract The electrochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels may provide a two-fold benefit of reducing CO2 emissions while providing of means of storing excess energy generated from renewable sources in a chemical form. Recent research focuses primarily on the development of efficient CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, while little attention has been given to the development of an effective oxygen evolution anode that is compatible for practical CO2 electrolyzers. In this report, we investigated potential anode candidates that are highly active for oxygen evolution and structurally stable under near-neutral operation conditions for a typical CO2 electrolyzer. The majority of non-precious metal-based catalysts are unstable in neutral bicarbonate electrolytes during CO2 electrolysis. In contrast, iridium-coated porous titanium electrodes exhibited decent oxygen evolution reaction activities as well as excellent stability under near-neutral conditions. Furthermore, by spray coating iridium black nanoparticles onto a cation exchange membrane (Nafion 211) and coupling it with a state-of-the-art nanoporous Ag catalyst as the CO2 reduction cathode, a remarkable total current of ∼375 mA at an applied cell voltage of 2.6 V in the span of 24 h was achieved using a 25 cm2 CO2 electrolyzer flow cell.
Time Resolution of Tryptophans in Myoglobin

Previous picosecond laser experiments aimed at detecting rapid processes in hemeproteins have involved studying changes in the heme electronic structure as a result of electronic excitation or photodeligation of CO [1–6], O2 [1 ,4–6] and NO [6,7]. Recent femtosecond studies of these systems are reported elsewhere in this book [8]. A goal of the present research is to pave the way for the study of the conversion of such electronic and chemical changes into conformational changes throughout the protein. As a first step we have attempted in the present work to study the picosecond anatomy of the tryptophans in myoglobin.
The Behavioral and Intermediate Effects of Advertising on Firm Performance An Empirical Investigation of the Restaurant Industry

The purpose of this study was to identify tangible and intangible gains resulting from advertising in restaurant businesses from both the marketing and finance/accounting perspectives. Specifically...
Beyond Ideology in Drug Policy: The Primary Prevention Model:

Drug policy in the United States is heavily influenced by popular and expert ideologies and a social definition of the problem. As a result, public substance abuse policies reflect an incoherent compromise between medical and criminal definitions and approaches to intervention. The effect is that in both conceptions, the problem locus is in the individual user. Thus, contemporary prevention, treatment and rehabilitation strategies fail to account for the myriad socioeconomic correlates of abuse and tend to atomize the problem by reducing it to the lowest common denominator — the drug-abusing person. Primary prevention approaches to drug abuse hold the greatest promise for remediation of this social problem because of the inclusion of macroenvironmental factors in tandem with individual risk factors to form a comprehensive approach to policy formulation.
Mono- and Mixed-Valence Tetrathiafulvalene Semiconductors (TTF)BiI4 and (TTF)4BiI6 with 1D and 0D Bismuth-Iodide Networks

Two new compounds containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) cations with extended and discrete anions based on Bi and I are reported. The compound (TTF)BiI4 comprises [BiI2I4/2]− chains of edge-shared octahedra that are interspersed with stacks of TTF+•. The compound (TTF)4BiI6 has mixed-valence stacks of TTF and TTF+• and discrete molecules of TTF+• separated by discrete [BiI6]−3 anions. The optical and electrical transport properties of these compounds are reported. Due to the mixed-valence stacks of TTF, (TTF)4BiI6 is the significantly better electrical conductor than (TTF)BiI4, despite the discrete nature of the inorganic moiety.
Preoperative irradiation and radical cystectomy for stages T2 and T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

AbstractWe treated 25 patients who had muscle invasive pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder with preoperative radiation and cystectomy. At operation the tumors in 10 patients (40%) were downstaged—3 of 5 from stage T2, 3 of 4 from stage T3a and 4 of 16 from stage T3b, while 6 patients (24%) had no residual tumor (pTO). The actuarial 5-year survival rate for all patients was 50%. Disease recurred in the pelvis in 7 patients, none of whose tumors had been downstaged (6 died of cancer). Median survival of patients with a pelvic recurrence was 9 months and without recurrence it was 86.7 months (p = 0.03). No patient whose tumor was downstaged had a recurrence or died of bladder cancer. We conclude that irradiation before cystectomy in patients with squamous cell bladder cancer may protect against pelvic recurrence, which is the predominant cause of death. Because effective adjuvant chemotherapy is not available to treat squamous cell carcinoma as it is for transitional cell carcinoma, we recommend irra...
Chapter 13 Staining of DNA in Live and Fixed Cells

Publisher Summary Quantitative fluorescent staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of cellular DNA remain the most rapid and reliable approach for assessing relative DNA contents of various cell types, as well as for obtaining cell-cycle frequency distributions and chromosome profiles of cell populations. Early studies comparing computer-fit analysis of DNA content histograms to data obtained by conventional tritiated thymidine labeling and autoradiography confirmed the accuracy of the FCM technique for cell-cycle analysis. In recent years flow cytometry has been used to elucidate other physiological parameters, which, in addition to DNA metabolism, regulate and control cell proliferation. Many current studies involve labeling and measuring cellular constituents such as proteins and RNA simultaneously with DNA. Cellular levels of such descriptors and others are known to be important indicators of cell-cycle progression capacity, cell growth, and function. The sample preparation method, the fluorochrome probe combinations, and the flow instrument capabilities for analysis of the various cellular descriptors will determine the choice of DNA labeling procedure.
Managing Distractions Through Advocacy, Education, and Change

Today’s healthcare setting is a busy environment full of distractions, interruptions, and the potential for errors. In this complex hospital environment, keeping distractions and interruptions minimized has become more challenging than ever. Distractions can be especially concerning and dangerous because of the nature of today’s healthcare environment. It is important to maintain the healthcare professionals’ role as patient advocate. Through a blend of reinforcement of the importance of the advocacy role and ongoing education, healthcare professionals can learn to effectively balance their focus on patients with the distractions in the healthcare setting. Advocacy resources, suggested components of education programs, and suggestions for promoting positive change are reviewed.
Incidence of Self-Reported Depression Among Pharmacy Residents in Tennessee.

Objective. To assess the incidence of self-reported depression among pharmacy residents in Tennessee.Methods. A 50-question survey was distributed to pharmacy residency program directors across Tennessee. Using questions modified from the Major Depression Inventory scale, subjects were asked to identify personal signs or symptoms of depression. The researcher observed trends of depression and offered mental health education to participating programs.Results. Eighty-four residents were potentially exposed to the survey with 50 participants, yielding a 59% response rate. Of the 50 residents, 19 self-reported feeling depressed during residency. More concerning, 11 residents reported having suicidal thoughts. Additionally, 13 residents voiced they would benefit from mental health resources.Conclusion. Self-reported depression among pharmacy residents is not uncommon. Defining mental health benefit resources at the beginning of residency would be beneficial.
Optical redox imaging of fixed unstained tissue slides to identify biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis/prognosis: feasibility study

We previously showed that optical redox imaging (ORI) of snap-frozen breast biopsies by the Chance redox scanner readily discriminates cancer from normal tissue. Moreover, indices of redox heterogeneity differentiate among tumor xenografts with different metastatic potential. These observations suggest that ORI of fluorescence of NADH and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) may provide diagnostic/prognostic value for clinical applications. In this work, we investigate whether ORI of formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) unstained clinical tissue slides of breast tumors is feasible and comparable to ORI of snap-frozen tumors. If ORI of FFPE is validated, it will enhance the versatility of ORI as a novel diagnostic/prognostic assay as FFPE samples are readily available. ORI of fixed tissue slides was performed using a fluorescence microscope equipped with a precision automated stage and appropriate optical filters. We developed a vignette correction algorithm to remove the tiling effect of stitched-images. The preliminary data from imaging fixed slides of breast tumor xenografts showed intratumor redox heterogeneity patterns similar to that of the frozen tissues imaged by the Chance redox scanner. From ORI of human breast tissue slides we identified certain redox differences among normal, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. We found paraformaldehyde fixation causes no change in NADH signals but enhances Fp signals of fresh muscle fibers. We also investigated the stability of the fluorescence microscope and reproducibility of tissue slide fluorescence signals. We plan to validate the diagnostic/prognostic value of ORI using clinically annotated breast cancer sample set from patients with long-term follow-up data.
Mid-infrared integrated photonic elements and efficient couplers on fusion-bonded, suspended silicon membranes

Using all-silicon fusion-bonded membrane waveguides, we demonstrate efficient input/output couplers with 1.8 dB loss at λ = 3.06 μm 1×2 power splitters (Y- and MMI-type), 25 μm bends, and 0.35 dB transitions to fusion-sealed micro-channels.
Use of Ommaya Reservoir with a Thoracic Spinal Catheter for Intrathecal Delivery of Nusinersen in a Patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 (P4.464)

Objective: To demonstrate use of Ommaya reservoir as a means to provide intrathecal delivery of nusinersen in a patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 (SMA2) where lumbar puncture was not feasible due to extensive spinal fusion. Background: Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide approved for all forms of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). Patients with SMA develop neuromuscular scoliosis, and tend to have spinal fusion with spinal rods for correction of scoliosis. This has posed a challenge towards administration of intrathecal nusinersen, since drug delivery via lumbar puncture is often difficult. The Ommaya reservoir is an intraventricular catheter system used to deliver drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid. We demonstrate use of Ommaya reservoir with intrathoracic catheter for intrathecal nusinersen delivery. Design/Methods: Chart Review Results: A 20-year-old female with SMA2 presented for initiation of nusinersen therapy. She had neuromuscular scoliosis with spinal fusion and two posterior spinal rods extending from upper thoracic to lower lumbar spine. After discussion with interventional neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons, it was determined that lumbar puncture under interventional radiology guidance would be futile due to the extent of spinal fusion. Decision was made to place an Ommaya reservoir connected to the spine for delivery of medication intrathecally. A thoracic laminectomy was performed, and bony window created. A soft intrathecal catheter was introduced into the subarachnoid space via a durotomy within the spinal fusion segments. The Ommaya reservoir was placed subcutaneously in-between scapulae and connected to intrathecal catheter. Procedure was tolerated well, and first dose of nusinersen was injected approximately three weeks after surgery. Patient has completed all loading doses with no complications related to the Ommaya reservoir. Conclusions: An off-label use of the Ommaya reservoir with an intrathecal catheter connected to the thoracic spinal canal, is a viable and safe option to deliver intrathecal nusinersen for patients who have extensive spinal fusion and instrumentation. Disclosure: Dr. Lakhotia has nothing to disclose. Dr Bhalla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Doll has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gump has nothing to disclose.
Regression Models for Binary Data

The loglinear models of the previous four chapters are designed for count data, where a Poisson or multinomial distribution is appropriate. The most basic form of categorical data, however, is binary — 0 or 1. It is often of great interest to try to model the probability of success (the outcome coded 1) or failure (the outcome coded 0) as a function of other predictors. Consider a study designed to investigate risk factors for cancer. Attributes of people are recorded, including age, gender, packs of cigarettes smoked, and so on. The target variable is whether or not the person has lung cancer (a 0/1 variable, with 0 for no lung cancer and 1 for the presence of lung cancer) . A natural question is then “What factors can be used to predict whether or not a person will have lung cancer?” Substitute businesses for people, financial characteristics for medical risk factors, and whether a company went bankrupt for whether a person has cancer, and this becomes an investigation of the question “What financial characteristics can be used to predict whether or not a business will go bankrupt?” The models of this chapter are designed to address such questions.
Use of siRNA to Study the Function of MDC1 in DNA Damage Responses

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology has emerged as a powerful genetic tool to investigate gene function in mammalian cells. Here we use siRNA to study a mediator of DNA damage-checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1), previously known as Kiaa0170 or NFBD1, in DNA damage responses. We show that MDC1 siRNA specifically and efficiently down-regulates MDC1 expression, resulting in defective radiation-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Transfection with siRNA-resistant MDC1 restores radiation-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that siRNA can be a very useful tool for the exploration of gene function in mammalian checkpoint responses.
A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Review

Important pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences in drug handling are observed in newborns, infants, and children when compared to adult patients. Therefore, knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in the pediatric population may better assure safe and effective medication prescribing.
Tunneling: A Probe of Nonequilibrium Superconductivity

This Chapter will begin with a review of the BCS theory of superconductivity and basic tunneling theory, which will form the basis for much of the discussion in other chapters. Many important nonequilibrium experiments have resulted from the use of two tunnel junctions: one to create a nonequilibrium state and another to measure it. The remainder of this Chapter will discuss examples of superimposed tunnel junctions, i.e., in which one film is common to both junctions.
Optimal Treatment of Dysautonomia

Autonomic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury is a frequent complication that occasionally persists as a clinical syndrome now known as paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) in as many as 10% of TBI patients. While the pathophysiology of PSH is relatively unknown, it is believed to be a result of a loss of inhibitory modulation on nociceptive spinal afferents due to brain injury, leading to a disproportionate sympathetic response. Clinical features of this syndrome include tachycardia, hypertension, hyperhidrosis, hyperthermia, and tachypnea as well as muscle dystonia and posturing. Symptoms of PSH are typically managed with pharmacologic agents such as beta-blockers, morphine, gabapentin, bromocriptine, and, rarely, intrathecal baclofen therapy. While PSH is thought to result in detrimental short-term outcomes, it is not clear to what extent these patients suffer long-term consequences. Nevertheless, PSH is an important complication of TBI, and recognition of this syndrome is necessary for managing autonomic dysfunction in the post-TBI patient.
Stereotactic ablative body radiation for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease

Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exists on a spectrum, with a subset of patients presenting with oligometastatic disease involving only a limited number of distant sites. For these patients, local consolidative therapy (LCT) has been demonstrated to improve outcomes through ablation or cytoreduction of metastatic disease, as shown in an increasing number of randomized controlled trials. In particular, stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) has emerged as a feasible treatment modality for elimination of oligometastatic sites. This focused review examines the underlying biologic mechanisms and clinical data in support of SABR in the setting of oligometastatic NSCLC. Following a comprehensive evaluation of the pertinent retrospective, prospective, and anticipated trials to date, we summarize the evidence regarding patient selection, treatment safety, and technical considerations to provide guidance of this approach for clinicians.
Spending as protection: the need for safety increases preference for luxury products

We live in a world where physical threats, to ourselves and to our loved ones, are made salient every single day in the news and in the entertainment that we consume. Our research provides initial evidence that consumers survive in such a world by purchasing luxury brands to act as safety shields against these threats. This is because consumers derive symbolic safety value from luxury brands even when no functional safety features are relevant for the product category in which the brand operates. Thus, we hypothesize that when need for safety is likely salient (such as, after facing a physical safety threat), consumers are likely to show an increased preference for luxury brands, given the associations of luxury brands with safety. We provide empirical support for our proposed hypothesis, using four multi-method studies.
Controller Evaluation of Wirelessly Distributed and Enabled Battery Energy Storage System under Unequal Battery Modules Capacity Values

This paper presents experimental results and evaluation of a wirelessly distributed and enabled battery energy storage system (WEDES) controller with battery modules that have unequal capacities. In the WEDES battery system of reference [1], each battery module includes DC-DC power converter for voltage regulation, DC-AC power inverter for wireless power transfer (WPT) and wireless communication link with an On-Board Unit (OBU). The OBU receives the wirelessly transferred power from the battery modules and sends back the control signals to realize stage-of-charge (SOC) balancing and bus voltage/power regulation simultaneously. Reference [1] presents the experimental evaluation of the WEDES system when the wireless battery modules have equal capacities. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of WEDES system with battery modules that have unequal capacity values.
Interventional Techniques for the Ablation and Augmentation of Extraspinal Lytic Bone Metastases

In addition to being a major source of cancer-related pain, metastatic osseous lesions are frequently at risk for pathologic fracture and its accompanying morbidity. While bony metastases are commonly thought of as occurring within the vertebral column, over 80% are found outside the spine. Percutaneous interventional treatment options for nonspinal metastases offer a broad array of minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that are rapidly effective, reduce the need for opioids, and often work in complementary fashion with adjunct treatments in radiation oncology, orthopaedic surgery, and/or medical oncology. This article presents an approach to assess extraspinal metastases, reviews available interventional techniques in use today, and offers example cases as an introductory primer to the thought process used for selecting the appropriate interventional treatment.
Statistical separation of tectonic and inflation-driven components of deformation on silicic reservoirs, Laguna del Maule volcanic field, Chile

Abstract The reconstruction of the structural history of inflating silicic systems is challenging because their faulting record encompasses tectonic and inflation-driven deformation, and separating the two can rarely be accomplished. Here, we present and utilize a statistical methodology to differentiate tectonic from inflation-driven deformation in the Laguna del Maule (LdM), a post-glacial rhyolitic volcanic field (Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile, latitude 36° S). LdM is cut by the Troncoso fault, a major normal fault that strikes NE and dips to the NW. The Troncoso hanging wall contains abundant, young ( 19–9.4 ka) where normal faults are developed on the Troncoso hanging wall. During shoreline-based inflation (
16 – CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Publisher Summary This chapter describes equilibrium constant expressions and explains how to formulate them. It discusses the influence on equilibrium of temperature, pressure, and concentration. The chapter presents a general method for solving equilibrium constant problems. Equilibrium reactions are important in most areas of chemistry, and the chapter describes calculations based on them. Any reversible chemical reaction can achieve equilibrium. An initial mixture of reactants of any concentrations reaches equilibrium, such that the concentrations of reactants and products are related by the law of chemical equilibrium. The chapter explains LeChatelier's principle and the comparison of variations in equilibrium constants, rate constants, and rates. Mixtures of all kinds of substances, such as biochemical fluids, inorganic salts, organic compounds, and polymers, can be separated by the various types of chromatography. The purpose of the separation might simply be to find out how many substances are in a mixture. The equilibrium constant for the distribution of a solute between the two immiscible solvents is called “distribution coefficient.” The chapter illustrates Haber process for the manufacture of ammonia.
Ultrasound study of brachial plexus

Objective To explore the anatomic character of brachial plexus nerve by ultrasonography,and provide a basis for ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block.Methods Twenty-four healthy volunteers were chosen for high-frequency sonography examination,the features of brachial plexus distributions were studied in the axilla location and the interscalene location.Results Brachial plexus of all the 24 cases were detected.At the axilla level,main braches of brachial plexus nerves were very close to the axillary artery.At the interscalene level,the brachial plexus was consistently found between the scalenus anterior and medius muscles in the interscalene groove.Conclusions Using high-frequency sonography,the main braches of brachial plexus can be observed clearly. Key words: Ultrasonography; Brachial plexus; Neuroanatomy
Pulsar Spin Evolution, Kinematics, and the Birthrate of Neutron Star Binaries

From considerations of spin evolution and kinematics in the Galactic potential, we argue that the pulsars B1913+16, B1534+12, and B2127+11C may be younger than previously assumed, and we find that a lower bound on the formation and merger rate of close double neutron star binaries is 10-6.7f-1bf-1d yr-1, where fb is the beaming fraction and fd accounts for the possibility that the known double neutron star binaries are atypical of the underlying population (e.g., if most such binaries are born with shorter orbital periods). If we assume no prior knowledge of the detectable lifetimes of such systems, the rate could be as large as 10-5.0f-1bf-1d yr-1. From both plausible bounds on fb and fd, and a revision of the independently derived limit proposed by Bailes, we argue that a firm upper bound is 10-4 yr-1. We also present a unifying empirical overview of the spin-up of massive binary pulsars based on their distribution in spin period P and spin-down rate , finding evidence for two distinct spin-up processes, one dominated by disk accretion, the other by wind accretion. We argue that the positions of binary pulsars in the P- diagram can be understood if (1) there exists a Galactic population of pulsars in double neutron star systems with combinations of spin and orbital periods that have prevented their detection in surveys to date; (2) recycled pulsars in wide-orbit binaries are not born near the canonical spin-up line in the P- diagram because they were predominantly spun up through wind accretion; and (3) there exists a disfavored evolutionary endpoint for radio pulsars with spin periods 5-30 ms and > 10-19 s s-1.
Outflowing Galactic Winds in Post-starburst and Active Galactic Nucleus Host Galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.8

We present Keck/LRIS-B spectra for a sample of 10 AEGIS X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies and 13 post-starburst galaxies from SDSS and DEEP2 at 0.2 < z < 0.8 in order to investigate the presence, properties, and influence of outflowing galactic winds at intermediate redshifts. We focus on galaxies that either host a low-luminosity AGN or have recently had their star formation quenched to test whether these galaxies have winds of sufficient velocity to potentially clear gas from the galaxy. We find, using absorption features of Fe II, Mg II, and Mg I, that six of the ten (60%) X-ray AGN host galaxies and four of the thirteen (31%) post-starburst galaxies have outflowing galactic winds, with typical velocities of {approx}200 km s{sup -1}. We additionally find that most of the galaxies in our sample show line emission, possibly from the wind, in either Fe II* or Mg II. A total of 100% of our X-ray AGN host sample (including four red sequence galaxies) and 77% of our post-starburst sample has either blueshifted absorption or line emission. Several K+A galaxies have small amounts of cool gas absorption at the systemic velocity, indicating that not all of the cool gasmore » has been expelled. We conclude that while outflowing galactic winds are common in both X-ray low-luminosity AGN host galaxies and post-starburst galaxies at intermediate redshifts, the winds are likely driven by supernovae (as opposed to AGNs) and do not appear to have sufficiently high velocities to quench star formation in these galaxies.« less
Scenario Reduction for Stochastic Day-Ahead Scheduling: A Mixed Autoencoder Based Time-Series Clustering Approach

Scenario based stochastic scheduling has drawn a tremendous amount of interests worldwide in tackling the uncertainty of renewable energy and accounting for risks. It is important to generate representative time-series scenarios of renewable energy, while keeping the dimensionality of the scenario set tractable. This article presents a mixed autoencoder based clustering approach to select a reduced scenario set from high-dimensional time series. In contrast to other techniques targeting on minimizing different probability distances, the proposed architecture accounts for the pattern recognition within a large set of scenarios. The effectiveness of the model is verified in the case studies, where the data sets from the Bonneville Power Administration and Elia are used. The numerical results show that the model outperforms the state of the art, in terms of statistical metrics and through empirical analysis.
Implementation of irrigating drainage systems after burr hole evacuation of bilateral subdural hematomas leads to reduction in postoperative pneumocephalus and improved brain re-expansion – A case report

Abstract Background and importance Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical pathology with a projected increase in prevalence as the elderly population grows. We describe a novel implementation of the IRRAflow irrigating drainage system after burr hole evacuation of bilateral acute-on-chronic subdural hematomas that demonstrates the benefits of this system for common post-operative challenges of these surgeries. Clinical presentation An 83-year-old male presented to the emergency department with 3 weeks of progressive weakness, lethargy, and confusion following an unwitnessed fall. Physical examination was notable for pupillary asymmetry and altered mental status. Computed tomography (CT) of the head showed bilateral acute-on-chronic subdural hematomas. The patient underwent bilateral burr hole evacuation and placement of IRRAflow irrigating drains. Postoperative head CT demonstrated poor brain re-expansion with significant bilateral pneumocephalus. Marked improvement in brain re-expansion occurred with continuous irrigation and drainage, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 3 with return to neurological baseline. He followed up on POD13 in stable condition. Conclusion This report described a patient with bilateral subdural hematomas who underwent evacuation and bilateral IRRAflow dual-lumen catheter placement. Significant postoperative pneumocephalus improved rapidly with continuous irrigation and drainage, leading to improved brain re-expansion, hematoma resolution, and excellent neurological recovery.
Syndromic surveillance of vaccine-associated adverse events in U.S. emergency departments.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explored use of emergency department (ED) visit data, during 2018-2020, from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program to monitor vaccine-associated adverse events (VAE) among all age groups. A combination of chief complaint terms and administrative diagnosis codes were used to detect VAE-related ED visits. Postvaccination fever was among the top 10 most frequently noted diagnoses. VAE annual trends demonstrated seasonality; visits trended upward starting in September of each year, coinciding with the administration of seasonal influenza vaccines. The 2020 VAE-related visit trend declined below the 2018 and 2019 baselines during March 22-September 5, 2020, before returning to the seasonal pattern. VAE-related visits declined in children aged 3-18 years in 2020 compared with 2018-2019, especially in the back-to-school months. These findings demonstrate that syndromic surveillance can complement traditional VAE reporting systems without an additional demand on data collection resources.
L2D2: low latency distributed downlink for LEO satellites

Large constellations of Low Earth Orbit satellites promise to provide near real-time high-resolution Earth imagery. Yet, getting this large amount of data back to Earth is challenging because of their low orbits and fast motion through space. Centralized architectures with few multi-million dollar ground stations incur large hour-level data download latency and are hard to scale. We propose a geographically distributed ground station design, L2D2, that uses low-cost commodity hardware to offer low latency robust downlink. L2D2 is the first system to use a hybrid ground station model, where only a subset of ground stations are uplink-capable. We design new algorithms for scheduling and rate adaptation that enable low latency and high robustness despite the limitations of the receive-only ground stations. We evaluate L2D2 through a combination of trace-driven simulations and real-world satellite-ground station measurements. Our results demonstrate that L2D2's geographically distributed design can reduce data downlink latency from 90 minutes to 21 minutes.
Diverting and Reclassifying Misdemeanors Could Save $1 Billion Per Year: Reducing the Need for and Cost of Appointed Counsel

Reclassifying and diverting marijuana possession, driver's license suspension and other misdemeanors could save the indigent defense system as much as $1 billion per year, allowing overworked criminal defenders to devote time and resources to those charged with more serious crimes.
Antiarrhythmic and circulatory effects of Astra W36095, a new lidocaine-like agent.

Abstract Although lidocaine is an effective antiarrhythmic agent, it must be administered parenterally and its duration of activity is short. Astra W36095 has a basic chemical structure similar to that of lidocaine but has a plasma half-life of 8 to 12 hours after administration to conscious dogs. Ventricular arrhythmias were produced in unanesthetized dogs, using ameroid constrictors on the proximal left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. Stable ectopic beats were completely suppressed with plasma levels of 15 to 30 μg/ml of W36095. The duration of effect was 0.25 to 5 hours. In anesthetized dogs, an effective antiarrhythmic concentration of W36095 produced some depression of cardiac function. Thus, W36095 appears to be a long-acting, orally absorbed antiarrhythmic agent requiring clinical trials and metabolic studies. In addition, the arrhythmia model provides a sensitive method for studying new antiarrhythmic drugs.
The sumset phenomenon

Answering a problem posed by Keisler and Leth, we prove a theorem in non-standard analysis to reveal a phenomenon about sumsets, which says that if two sets A and B are large in terms of measure, then the sum A+B is not small in terms of order-topology. The theorem has several corollaries about sumset phenomenon in the standard world; these are described in sections 2-4. One of these is a new result in additive number theory; it says that if two sets A and B of non-negative integers have positive upper or upper Banach density, then A + B is piecewise syndetic.
Comparing the safety, efficacy and recovery of intranasal midazolam vs. oral chloral hydrate and promethazine.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety, efficacy and recovery time of intranasal midazolam spray administered using an atomizer to orally administered chloral hydrate and promethazine for the sedation of pediatric dental patients. Methods: A randomized double-blind crossover study design was utilized in which 31 patients (mean age 41.8 months, range 26-58 months) underwent two restorative dental appointments. At one appointment, subjects received 0.2 mg/kg intranasal midazolam; at the other appointment subjects received 62.5 mg/ kg chloral hydrate with 12.5 mg promethazine. Administered at each appointment was 25% – 50% N 2 0/0 2 . Physiologic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation) and behavior assessments (crying, movement, sleep) using the Houpt Sedation Rating Scale were recorded at baseline and every five minutes during treatment. Overall behavior was assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment. Following treatment, a modified Vancouver Recovery Scale was used to determine the length of time it took each subject to meet established discharge criteria. Results: There were no clinically significant differences in physiologic parameters, however a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in patients sedated with chloral hydrate/promethazine. There were no significant differences in behavior between groups. Patients sedated with intranasal midazolam slept less and recovered quicker than patients sedated with oral chloral hydrate/promethazine. Conclusions: Intranasal midazolam administered using an atomizer is as safe (as assessed by physiologic parameters) and effective (as assessed by behavior ratings) as oral chloral hydrate/promethazine for conscious sedation of pediatric dental patients. (Pediatr Dent 23: 424-430,2001)
Geographic Distribution of Isolated Indigenous Societies in Amazonia and the Efficacy of Indigenous Territories

The headwaters of the Amazon Basin harbor most of the world’s last indigenous peoples who have limited contact with encroaching colonists. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of these isolated groups is essential to assist with the development of immediate protections for vulnerable indigenous settlements. We used remote sensing to document the locations of 28 isolated villages within the four Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, and Rondonia. The sites were confirmed during previous over-flights and by image evidence of thatched-roof houses; they are estimated to host over 1,700 individuals. Locational data were used to train maximum entropy models that identified landscape and anthropogenic features associated with the occurrence of isolated indigenous villages, including elevation, proximity to streams of five different orders, proximity to roads and settlements, proximity to recent deforestation, and vegetation cover type. Isolated villages were identified at mid elevations, within 20 km of the tops of watersheds and at greater distances from existing roads and trails. We further used model results, combined with boundaries of the existing indigenous territory system that is designed to protect indigenous lands, to assess the efficacy of the existing protected area network for isolated peoples. Results indicate that existing indigenous territories encompass all of the villages we identified, and 50% of the areas with high predicted probabilities of isolated village occurrence. Our results are intended to help inform policies that can mitigate against future external threats to isolated peoples.
DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS AND ITS INFECTIOUS NUCLEIC ACID TO FAST ELECTRONS.

Differential Sensitivity of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and its Infectious Nucleic Acid to Fast Electrons
Electron structure of non-equilibrium warm dense copper

Evolution of superheated electron hole plasma in the warm dense copper is investigated using time resolved x-ray absorption technique. Experimental data indicate a strong electron-phonon non-equilibrium state and it is described with two-temperature model.
West Antarctic Ice Sheet formed earlier than thought

About 34 million years ago, Earth transitioned from a warm “greenhouse” climate to a cold “icehouse” climate, marking the transition between the Eocene and Oligocene epochs. This transition has been associated with the formation of a large ice sheet on Antarctica.
Sequence comparison of single-stranded DNA binding proteins and its structural implications.

Abstract The primary sequences were compared among several proteins: gene product 5 protein (GP5) from phage M13; PIKE from phage Ike; gene product 32 protein (GP32) from phage T4; RecA, SSB and SSF from Escherichia coli. These proteins bind strongly and co-operatively to single-stranded DNA with no sequence specificity. GP5 is the smallest in this group and its three-dimensional structure is well-characterized. Using the entire sequence of GP5 as a template we searched for the regions in other single-stranded DNA binding proteins yielding the best alignment of aromatic and basic residues. The identified domains show alignment of five aromatic and four charged residues in these proteins. The domains in PIKE, GP32 and RecA exhibit statistically significant sequence homology with GP5. These observations strongly favor the hypothesis that the protein-single-stranded DNA complex in this class of proteins is stabilized by the stacking interaction of the aromatic residues with the bases of the DNA, and by the electrostatic interaction of the basic residues with the phosphate groups of the DNA. We also find that the DNA binding domains of these proteins have similar secondary structural preferences, mainly β structures. The triple-stranded β-sheet may be a common motif in the DNA binding domains of these proteins.
Healthcare tourism: Accelerating diffusion through a more effective use of communication channels

AbstractIn the backdrop of the healthcare crisis in the USA, many uninsured and underinsured Americans have decided to travel abroad to purchase medical care at a fraction of the cost. This phenomenon is often referred to as 'medical tourism' when it involves healthcare and a vacation, or more simply as 'medical travel.' Although impressive, the growth of this service innovation appears to be hampered by insufficient communication in terms of costs and quality as well as an over-reliance on mass media. Mass media may be good vehicles to disseminate information, but they lack the persuasive power necessary to convince the average person to seek medical care abroad. This paper highlights these communication shortcomings and offers suggestions of how to reach a larger number of individuals who could benefit from medical travel.
Evolution and Climate Variability

According to natural selection theory, major adaptive change depends on consistency in the effects of Darwinian selection. In his Perspective, Potts argues that another force is at work: variability selection, in which certain organisms adapt to wide fluctuations in environmental conditions.
PLATELET AGGREGATION, SERUM AND PLATELET FATTY ACIDS IN THREE GENERATIONS OF WOMEN'

Abstract Fatty acids and platelet aggregation in human females were studied to assess hepatic Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase function. Daughters (19–26 yr), mothers (40–58 yr), and grandmothers (67–84 yr) from 10 families participated in this study. Systolic blood pressure increased (p 0.05) toward greater Δ6-desaturase function in the older group using platelet data. Platelet aggregation was greater (P
Modern feminism and Marx

Marx has been seriously criticized by modern feminists for his views on women, their liberation, and the role that socialism will play in this liberation. I would like to try, as much as is possible, to break down the opposition and hostility between Marx and feminism. I think that if we understand Marx correctly his thought can evoke far more sympathy from feminists than has hitherto been the case. This is certainly not to suggest, however, that Marx, back in the 19th century, developed a full and adequate feminist theory, or that he said everything, or even very much, of what it is important to say about the condition of women and their liberation, nor even that he established the foundation from which one could derive all, or even very much, of what should be said in this area. In fact, it would be bizarre to make such assumptions about a theorist who wrote toward the very beginning of the historical process that we call the modern feminist movement, and who himself held that consciousness can emerge only out of a long historical process involv ing a dialectical interaction between theory and practice. Yet such bizarre assumptions are often made about Marx by modern feminists, not seriously, of course, but in order to dismiss him. I would like to try to argue something very modest here, merely that Marx has more to say, has fewer shortcomings, and could be of more use to modern feminist theory than is often thought to be the case. A critic could make one or more of the following claims about the relevance of Marx's thought to modern feminist theory. First, one might claim that some or all of the views which are distinctive and central in Marx's thought are conceptually incompatible, that they are in contra
Experimental study of large-scale computing on virtualized resources

Parallel applications have a pressing need for the utilization of more and more resources to meet user's performance expectations. Unfortunately, these resources are not necessarily available within one single domain. Grid computing provides a solution to scaling out from a single domain; however, it also brings another problem for some applications: resource heterogeneity. Since some applications require having homogeneous resources for their execution, virtualizing the resources is a noble and viable solution.In this paper, we present two parallel applications, namely WRF and mpiBLAST and report the results of different runs scaling them out from 2 to 128 virtual nodes. Later, we analyze the effects of scaling out based on the application's communication behavior.