cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of “Multicultural Gender Roles: Applications for Mental Health and Education”

Multicultural Gender Roles: Applications for Mental Health and Education describes how gender roles are formed for men and women of color and how this process is different across various ethnic min...
Biophysical limits, women's rights and the climate encyclical

The Pope has made a strong call for action on climate change, but it fails to address the complex linkages between sustainable development and demographic growth.
Simplifying multiobjective optimization: An automated design methodology for the nondominated sorted genetic algorithm-II

[1] Many water resources problems require careful balancing of fiscal, technical, and social objectives. Informed negotiation and balancing of objectives can be greatly aided through the use of evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms, which can evolve entire tradeoff (or Pareto) surfaces within a single run. The primary difficulty in using these methods lies in the large number of parameters that must be specified to ensure that these algorithms effectively quantify design tradeoffs. This technical note addresses this difficulty by introducing a multipopulation design methodology that automates parameter specification for the nondominated sorted genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The NSGA-II design methodology is successfully demonstrated on a multiobjective long-term groundwater monitoring application. Using this methodology, multiobjective optimization problems can now be solved automatically with only a few simple user inputs.
Glucose Transporter Function Is Controlled by Transporter Oligomeric Structure. A Single, Intramolecular Disulfide Promotes GLUT1 Tetramerization

The human erythrocyte glucose transporter is an allosteric complex of four GLUT1 proteins whose structure and substrate binding properties are stabilized by reductant-sensitive, noncovalent subunit interactions [Hebert, D. N., & Carruthers, A. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 23829-23838]. In the present study, we use biochemical and molecular approaches to isolate specific determinants of transporter oligomeric structure and transport function. When unfolded in denaturant, each subunit (GLUT1 protein) of the transporter complex exposes two sulfhydryl groups. Four additional thiol groups are accessible following subunit exposure to reductant. Assays of subunit disulfide bridge content suggest that two inaccessible sulfhydryl groups form an internal disulfide bridge. Differential alkylation/peptide mapping/N-terminal sequence analyses show that a GLUT1 carboxyl-terminal peptide (residues 232-492) contains three inaccessible sulfhydryl groups and that an N-terminal GLUT1 peptide (residues 147-261/299) contains two accessible thiols. The carboxyl-terminal peptide most likely contains the intramolecular disulfide bridge since neither its yield nor its electrophoretic mobility is altered by addition of reductant. Each GLUT1 cysteine was changed to serine by oligonucleotide-directed, in vitro mutagenesis. The resulting transport proteins were expressed in CHO cells and screened by immunofluorescence microscopy for their ability to expose tetrameric GLUT1-specific epitopes. Serine substitution at cysteine residues 133, 201, 207, and 429 does not inhibit exposure of tetrameric GLUT1-specific epitopes. Serine substitution at cysteines 347 or 421 prevents exposure of tetrameric GLUT1-specific epitopes. Hydrodynamic analysis of GLUT1/GLUT4 chimeras expressed in and subsequently solubilized from CHO cells indicates that GLUT1 residues 1-199 promote chimera dimerization and permit GLUT1/chimera heterotetramerization. This GLUT1 N-terminal domain is insufficient for chimera tetramerization which additionally requires GLUT1 residues 200-463. Extracellular reductants (dithiothreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol, or glutathione) reduce erythrocyte 3-O-methylglucose uptake by up to 15-fold. This noncompetitive inhibition of sugar uptake is reversed by the cell-impermeant, oxidized glutathione. Reductant is without effect on sugar exit from erythrocytes. Dithiothreitol doubles the cytochalasin B binding capacity of erythrocyte-resident glucose transporter, abolishes allosteric interactions between substrate binding sites on adjacent subunits, and occludes tetrameric GLUT1-specific GLUT1 epitopes in situ. CHO cell-resident GLUT1 structure and transport function are similarly affected by extracellular reductant. We conclude that each subunit of the glucose transporter contains an extracellular disulfide bridge (Cys347 and Cys421) that stabilizes transporter oligomeric structure and thereby accelerates transport function.
Vascular system of the dog retina: Light and electron microscopic studies

The normal retinal vascular system of the dog was studied by electron microscopic techniques and by stained flat mounts of the vessels and retina. The retina was found to be supplied by numerous cilioretinal arterioles, which subdivided to form an elaborate network of capillaries usually drained by three or four major venules and a few short, central retinal veins. Cystoid degeneration, hypocellular and atrophic capillaries, and microspheres seen normally in man were found in the retina of the dog. Capillaries avoided the periarterial zone, but imperfectly, and showed no specific pattern at the area centralis. Capillary pericytes were, unlike those of man, fewer than the endothelial cells. In two dogs 6–8·5 years of age, the basement membrane of the capillaries showed vacuolations and osmiophilic debris reported previously in man. With respect to cytoplasmic organelles, few differences from other animals were detected.
Glycogen and its Metabolism

Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose which serves as a reservoir of glucose units. The two largest deposits in mammals are in the liver and skeletal muscle but many cells are capable synthesizing glycogen. Its accumulation and utilization are under elaborate controls involving primarily covalent phosphorylation and allosteric ligand binding. Both muscle and liver glycogen reserves are important for whole body glucose metabolism and their replenishment is linked hormonally to nutritional status. Control differs between muscle and liver in part due to the existence of different tissue-specific isoforms at key steps. Control of synthesis is shared between transport into the muscle and the step catalyzed by glycogen synthase. Breakdown of liver glycogen, as part of blood glucose homeostasis, is also in response to nutritional cues. Muscle glycogen serves only to fuel muscular activity and its utilization is controlled by muscle contraction and by catecholamines. Though the number of enzymes directly involved in the metabolism of glycogen is quite small, many more proteins act indirectly in a regulatory capacity. Defects in the basic metabolizing enzymes lead to severe consequences whereas, with some exceptions, mutations in the regulatory proteins appear to cause a more subtle phenotypic change.
Development of a probe for in-situ measurements of major species in a pool fire using multiplexed near-IR TDLAS

ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss the development of a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy probe to simultaneouslymeasure, in situ concentrations of 4 major species (CO. C2H,. Cl-I4. and l-IO) and the gas phase temperature in a pool tire. The difficulty in making these types of measurements is intrinsic to the environment itself. A large fire is composed of veryhot (>1000 K). turbulent gases and highly radiating and absorbing soot particles. Fiber optic cables are used to transport laserradiation into the fire via a water-cooled probe. This paper focuses on probe design issues, such as the optimization of openpath. multipass optics for a turbulent, particulate-laden flow, and the application of high-frequency wavelength modulation spectroscopv to frequency-domain multiplexing of diode lasers. Keywords: diode laser absorption, in situ probe. multiplexing I. INTRODUCTION Large-scale pool fires (see Fig. 1), resulting from the ignition of fuel vapor above a liquid hydrocarbon pool.
Smokeless nicotine administration does not result in hypertension or a deterioration in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in juvenile rats.

We have previously reported that smokeless nicotine resulted in hypertension, but not a deterioration in glucose tolerance or insulin action in young adult male rats. To evaluate the effect of nicotine in juvenile animals, we studied 6-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and implanted 25-mg nicotine (N) or placebo (P) pellets. Weight gain was controlled by chow restriction in all 4 groups of rats. Males were generally heavier than females, both before and after N or P placement; there was no difference in weight between N and P groups for each sex. Systolic blood pressure, measured noninvasively, increased modestly, but not significantly, after N placement in both male and female rats. Glucose tolerance and insulin action were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated for glucose (AUC(GLU)), insulin (AUC(INS)), and free fatty acids (FFA) (AUC(FFA)). Insulin action was calculated by several indices, which have correlated with more invasive studies. None of these metabolic parameters were significantly impacted by nicotine treatment, consistent with our observations in adult male rats. In summary, smokeless nicotine at this dose has no significant effect on observed cardiovascular or metabolic parameters in sexually immature male and female rats.
Molecular Epidemiology of Infections Due to Enterobacter aerogenes: Identification of Hospital Outbreak-Associated Strains by Molecular Techniques

Molecular techniques were used to study the epidemiology of infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes in a tertiary-care hospital. Sixty-two clinical isolates were collected from 43 patients over 3 months. Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of chromosomal DNA and repetitive-element polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with primers based on repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) bacterial DNA sequences were used for genomic fingerprinting. REA with HindIII or EcoRI yielded complex banding patterns that differentiated community-acquired from some hospital-acquired organisms. Less complex fingerprints were obtained with rep-PCR, which also distinguished between epidemiologically unrelated strains. More discriminatory DNA fingerprints were provided by rep-PCR when REP primers rather than ERIC primers were used. Two clusters of genomically distinct isolates from patients with recent or current exposure to the hospital environment were identified by REA and rep-PCR. Most isolates within each cluster contained characteristic plasmids, and some isolates contained additional plasmids. These results suggest colonization and infection with genotypically related strains of E. aerogenes in a nosocomial setting. Although REA and plasmid profiling are useful techniques for the epidemiological typing of E. aerogenes, genomic fingerprinting with rep-PCR may offer the advantages of ease, speed, and broad species applicability over existing molecular-typing techniques.
Homogeneous and multilinear forms related to a theorem of Jordan and von Neumann

Abstract For vector spaces over certain algebraic fields, homogeneous functionals which are derivable from multilinear forms are characterized by an identity involving two-dimensional subspaces. The quadratic case is the “parallelogram law” which distinguishes Hilbert spaces among Banach spaces.
Clutter Performance of Coherent Pulse Trains for Targets with Range Acceleration

The clutter performance of coherent pulse trains is examined when the duration of the pulse train is increased to values for which range acceleration effects must be taken into account. The problem of target detection against a clutter background with differential Doppler is studied in terms of the range acceleration effects on the conventional Doppler response. Specifically considered are the consequences on the sidelobe level and width of the main Doppler lobe. The analysis shows that the sidelobe level remains essentially unchanged when the range acceleration mismatch becomes significant. However, the main Doppler response broadens in proportion to the magnitude of the acceleration mismatch. Thus, an increase of the signal duration for better Doppler resolution is useful only until acceleration effects spread the Doppler spectrum of the clutter and eliminate the differential Doppler between targets and clutter.
On‐Line determination of density and crystallinity during melt spinning

The density and crystallinity of polypropylene fiber were measured on the moving threadline during the melt spinning process. Heretofore, threadline densities have never been measured on-line. These density measurements were accomplished by taking parallel, on-line measurements of fiber diameter, fiber velocity, polymer mass flow rate, fiber temperature, and fiber birefringence. Under certain spinning conditions, a distinct rise in density occurs along the threadline. This rise in density corresponds well with the rise in crystallinity as measured by birefringence.
The low-lying electronic states of LiC

The spectroscopic constants for the doublet and quartet states of LiC below about 30,000/cm are determined using an internally contracted multireference configuration-interaction approach in conjunction with a [6s 5p 3d 2f] atomic natural orbital basis sets. All of the strongly bound states, X(sup 4)(SIGMA)(sup -),(1)(sup 2)(DELTA), (1)(sup 2)(SIGMA)(sup +), and (2)(sup 2) II, very ionic in character. The only bound-bound quartet transition in this energy range is (2)(sup 4)SIGMA(sup -) and Franck-Condon factors, Einstein A values, and lifetimes are reported for this transition.
Notizen Alkylierung von 1‐Aryl‐1‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐propanonen

Alkylation of 1-Aryl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propanones The synthesis of 3,4-diaryl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanones 7 using 5 and benzyl halides 6 as starting materials is described.
VALIDATING THE COMPETING VALUES MODEL AS A REPRESENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES

The competing values model (CVM) describes organizational culture in terms of what appear to be mutually exclusive value dimensions: structural control vs. flexibility, focus on internal vs. external stakeholders, and means vs. ends. The apparent paradox in simultaneously expressing competing values has implications for a variety of organizational phenomena, including leadership, decision making, and strategic management. The CVM thus offers promise for providing a common metric for multi‐level, trans‐organizational, and cross‐cultural analyses. To date, however, underlying assumptions regarding the competing values framework as a characterization of culture have not been fully validated. This research provides a test of the competing values model with methodology that is conceptually consonant with the paradoxical nature of the theory. Using a sample drawn from 10 U.S. organizations, a Qsort and multidimensional scaling analysis produce qualified support for a structure of organizational cultural values consistent with the CVM. Further, this study elaborates the CVM by suggesting a mechanism whereby the apparent paradox of competing values might be more effectively managed.
Parathion and methyl parathion toxicity and metabolism in piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate pretreated mice.

Abstract Pretreatment of male mice with piperonyl butoxide, 400 mg/kg 1 h before challenge with insecticides, resulted in a 40-fold antagonism of the acute i.p. toxicity of methyl parathion but potentiated the toxicity of parathion two-fold. Piperonyl butoxide had no effect on the toxicity of the oxygen analogs of these insecticides, methyl paraoxon and paraoxon. Diethyl maleate (1 ml/kg) depleted liver glutathione by 80% after one hour, potentiated the toxicity of both methyl parathion and methyl paraoxon, and partially counteracted the protective effect of piperonyl butoxide on methyl parathion toxicity. Piperonyl butoxide delayed the onset of brain cholinesterase inhibition by parathion. Studies of the metabolism of the insecticides by liver homogenates in vitro demonstrated that piperonyl butoxide inhibited both the oxidative formation of the oxygen analogs (activation) and oxidative cleavage to p-nitrophenol and dialkylphosphorothioic acid (detoxification). While parathion metabolism was mostly oxidative, methyl parathion metabolism appeared to be predominantly via glutathione-dependent enzymes. Studies of in vitro distribution of the insecticides demonstrated that piperonyl butoxide pretreatment resulted in elevated tissue concentrations of parathion and methyl parathion; however, the rate constant for elimination from plasma for both insecticides was unaffected by piperonyl butoxide. The overall rate of metabolism of methyl parathion in vivo was approximately twice that of parathion. These results suggest that during piperonyl butoxide inhibition of oxidative activation and cleavage, methyl parathion detoxification continues through uninhibited glutathione-dependent pathways of metabolism. The net result is a reduction in the acute toxicity of methyl parathion. Lack of an effective alternate pathway of detoxification may explain the delayed but greater toxicity of parathion in piperonyl butoxide pretreated mice.
A streaming ensemble algorithm (SEA) for large-scale classification

Ensemble methods have recently garnered a great deal of attention in the machine learning community. Techniques such as Boosting and Bagging have proven to be highly effective but require repeated resampling of the training data, making them inappropriate in a data mining context. The methods presented in this paper take advantage of plentiful data, building separate classifiers on sequential chunks of training points. These classifiers are combined into a fixed-size ensemble using a heuristic replacement strategy. The result is a fast algorithm for large-scale or streaming data that classifies as well as a single decision tree built on all the data, requires approximately constant memory, and adjusts quickly to concept drift.
Morphometrics of living specimens. A methodology for the quantitative three‐dimensional study of growing microscopic embryos

SUMMARY A methodology is described which permits quantitative three-dimensional studies of growing microscopic (and substantially transparent) animals to be made. The methodology has been applied in a limited way to the study of blastula formation in sand dollar embryos. A preliminary analysis has been made of the errors likely to arise (see Appendix). It was observed that the total blastomeric (cellular) volume decreased somewhat at the time of the second cleavage, and that the volume of the blastocoel simultaneously increased by about the same amount. It is suggested on the basis of this and other evidence that the blastocoel material is initially secreted by the blastomeres and that the blastocoel may subsequently innate, perhaps as a result of the imbibition of fluid from the extrablastular space. Further study will be required to confirm or invalidate this hypothesis. A study of plexiglas reconstructions suggests that formation of the blastular epithelium is the result of a coordinated pattern of cell cleavages and cell displacements. It is suggested that cell displacements may be the result of localized intracellular constrictions and/or changes in surface adhesion. Further study will also be required to confirm or invalidate this hypothesis. The methodology described in this paper is considered to be complementary to one previously described by Hou, Veress & Prothero (1970) for application to similar problems at the macroscopic level of resolution.
Effects of glucose on memory processes in young adults.

Recent studies suggest that glucose enhances memory in rodents and humans. The present experiment investigated the effects of glucose on memory performance and blood glucose changes in young adults (19–25 years). Subjects ingested (300 ml beverage) three doses of glucose (0, 30, 100 g) in a random, double-blind, triple crossover design. Thirty minutes post-glucose, subjects were shown nouns on a computer monitor and then administered recall and recognition memory tests. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals. There was no effect of glucose on memory performance, and plasma glucose measures did not correlate with memory test scores. Statistical power was adequate to detect a medium effect. The results contradict the hypothesis that glucose enhances memory performance in young, healthy normal adults.
Evidence for an enriched mantle source for jøtunite (orthopyroxene monzodiorite) associated with the St. Urbain anorthosite, Quebec

Abstract Mafic orthopyroxene monzodiorite (jotunite) lithologies are exposed in the St. Urbain plutonic suite as a marginal facies to quartz mangerite and massif anorthosite intrusive bodies and as dikes within a variety of host rocks. High concentrations of Ti, Fe, P, K, Ba, Nb, La, Ce, Zn, Ga, Zr and Y characterize these rocks and are distinctive of many mafic lithologies associated with anorthosite massifs worldwide. Characteristically low concentrations of Ni and Cr, in conjuction with low Mg numbers, have been used by previous investigators as evidence for either partial melting of mafic granulitic lower crust or extensive fractional crystallization of a mantle-derived magma. In an attempt to distinguish between these competing models, we note that jotunite display many features that bear a strong resemblance to continental tholeiitic flood basalts, including chemical signatures on normalized multi-element (‘spider’) diagrams. Ratios of incompatible trace elements and patterns on rare earth and ‘spider’ diagrams collectively indicate that the jotunite rocks were derived from an enriched, rather than depleted, mantle source. Enrichment may have occured by subduction-derived fluids or by mixture with a plume component prior to partial melting so that isotopic and trace-element compositions are decoupled. Small amounts of partial melting of mafic granulite has been advanced as an alternative model; we show, however, that the experimental data on which this model is built are not applicable. Our preferred model begins with partial melting of a trace-element enriched mantle source that fractionates olivine at high to moderate pressures. Increasing concentrations of P (and Ti) eventually caused a contraction of the olivine stability field in favor of orthopyroxene. Fractional crystallization may yield the series of rocks from anorthosite, leuconorite, oxide-apatite gabbronorite, to jotunite. Mafic magmas emplaced into continental crust are typically attributed to incipient rifting or mantle upwelling, which are features common to many models for the genesis of anorthosite and related rocks.
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN CULTIVATED CUCURBITS

The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the chromosome number of the various species in the group of cultivated cucurbits with the idea in mind that a cytological study of the different members would serve as a valuable adjunct in a genetical analysis to be made later. The material does not lend itself easily to this type of study owing to the meagre amount of chromatin material and the correspondingly small and numerous chromosomes.
Effect of protein aggregation state on coat protein-mediated protection against tobacco mosaic virus using a transient protoplast assay

To address the mechanism(s) of protection against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection conferred by expression of the TMV capsid protein (CP) gene in transgenic tobacco plants, a transient protection assay has been developed. Introduction of either purified viral CP or virus inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation into tobacco protoplasts induced a transient protection to challenge virus introduced concomitantly or shortly thereafter. The transient protection was characterized and the effects of different aggregation states of TMV CP were tested in the transient assay system. Tobacco mosaic virus CP preparations composed largely of helical, virus-like, aggregates conferred a less transient protection against TMV and greater protection against a distantly related virus than did preparations composed primarily of smaller aggregates.
Fine-tuning CD4+ central memory T cell heterogeneity by strength of stimulation

The memory T cell pool serves as a relatively long-lived heterogeneous repository of antigen-experienced T cells that "remember" previous encounters with antigen. While heterogeneity in the memory T cell pool is now well established, signals regulating the generation of this memory T cell heterogeneity are not fully understood. Two articles in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology highlight the importance of the strength of antigenic stimulation in regulating the generation of phenotypically and functionally distinct CD4+ T cell memory subsets. New insights are also provided into key molecular players that likely mediate differences in homeostatic and secondary expansion between the memory subsets. See accompanying articles: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737611 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737852
Two-step integral imaging for orthoscopic three-dimensional imaging with improved viewing resolution

We present a two-step integral imaging system to obtain 3-D orthoscopic real images. By adopting a nonstationary micro-optics tech- nique, we demonstrate experimentally the potential usefulness of two- step integral imaging. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Genetic Variation in Symbiodinium (=Gymnodinium) microadriaticum Freudenthal, and Specificity in its Symbiosis with Marine Invertebrates. I. Isoenzyme and Soluble Protein Patterns of Axenic Cultures of Symbiodinium microadriaticum

Axenically cultured Symbiodinium (= Gymnodinium) microadriaticum Freudenthal, isolated from 40 host individuals (or colonies) representing 17 species in two phyla were resolved into 12 strains, each strain having a unique combination of four isoenzyme patterns as revealed by starch gel electrophoresis. Each individual host appeared to contain an electrophoretically homogeneous population of algae. Each characteristic isoenzyme pattern was maintained after re-isolation of a cross-infecting strain (i.e. a strain that had been experimentally introduced into a host of a species other than that from which it was originally isolated), indicating a genetic basis for the protein patterns observed in each strain. The strains could be separated into three groups after constructing a dendrogram by the unweighted average linkage clustering method based on calculations of similarity coefficients. Soluble protein patterns obtained from the algae were also strainspecific. A dendrogram constructed from data obtained by analysis of protein patterns resolved by a polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis was similar to the dendrogram constructed from the data on isoenzyme patterns, but suggested that the \`phenetic' distances between strains were larger than indicated by the isoenzyme patterns. 1. When axenic cultures of the \`zooxanthella' Symbiodinium microadriaticum were analysed by starch gel electrophoresis for isoenzymes, the patterns obtained differed depending on the host from which the algae were originally isolated, but there was no 1:1 relation between algal strain and host species. 2. Patterns of soluble proteins on polyacrylamide gels corroborated the results obtained through isoenzyme studies. 3. Twelve \`electrophoretic strains' of Symbiodinium microadriaticum were recognized. These strains separated into three groups after construction of dendrograms by the unweighted average linkage clustering method based on calculations of similarity coefficients, of \`genetic identity' and of `genetic distance'. 4. Because so little is unambiguously known about the life history of Symbiodinium microadriaticum, and because our sample size was relatively small, it is not possible to discuss our data in the context of the population genetics of this symbiotic dinoflagellate. 5. The evidence presented indicates that the variation that we have observed in these algae is intrinsic, and is probably genetically based. Two possible mechanisms that may act as a selective force in promoting specificity between algal strains and their respective hosts are discussed.
Inflammatory Gene Regulatory Networks in Amnion Cells Following Cytokine Stimulation: Translational Systems Approach to Modeling Human Parturition

A majority of the studies examining the molecular regulation of human labor have been conducted using single gene approaches. While the technology to produce multi-dimensional datasets is readily available, the means for facile analysis of such data are limited. The objective of this study was to develop a systems approach to infer regulatory mechanisms governing global gene expression in cytokine-challenged cells in vitro, and to apply these methods to predict gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in intrauterine tissues during term parturition. To this end, microarray analysis was applied to human amnion mesenchymal cells (AMCs) stimulated with interleukin-1β, and differentially expressed transcripts were subjected to hierarchical clustering, temporal expression profiling, and motif enrichment analysis, from which a GRN was constructed. These methods were then applied to fetal membrane specimens collected in the absence or presence of spontaneous term labor. Analysis of cytokine-responsive genes in AMCs revealed a sterile immune response signature, with promoters enriched in response elements for several inflammation-associated transcription factors. In comparison to the fetal membrane dataset, there were 34 genes commonly upregulated, many of which were part of an acute inflammation gene expression signature. Binding motifs for nuclear factor-κB were prominent in the gene interaction and regulatory networks for both datasets; however, we found little evidence to support the utilization of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signaling. The tissue specimens were also enriched for transcripts governed by hypoxia-inducible factor. The approach presented here provides an uncomplicated means to infer global relationships among gene clusters involved in cellular responses to labor-associated signals.
Sums of finitely based lattice varieties

Abstract This paper is concerned with the question whether the lattice sum (join) V + V′ of two finitely based lattice varieties V and V′ is finitely based. An example is constructed showing that this is not always the case. On the other hand, it is proved that if V ⊆ M and ( V′ ) 3 = ( N ) 3 , then V + V′ is finitely based. Here M and N are, respectively, the variety of all modular lattices and the variety generated by the pentagon (the five-element nonmodular lattice), and ( V ) n is the variety defined by all those identities with n variables or less that hold in V . In particular, M + N , the unique lattice variety that covers M , is finitely based.
Marginal and internal adaptation of ceramic crown restorations fabricated with CAD/CAM technology and the heat-press technique

Statement of problem The accuracy of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations is questionable, and the effect of the die spacer settings is not well stated in the literature. Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of E4D crowns fabricated with different spacer thicknesses and to compare these crowns with those fabricated with the heat-press technique. Material and methods The E4D system was used to fabricate 30 crowns for the first 3 groups, with different spacer thickness settings: 30 μm, 60 μm, and 100 μm. In the fourth group, 10 lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated with the heat-press technique. The occlusal gap, axial gap, vertical marginal gap, and absolute marginal discrepancy were evaluated by x-ray microtomography. Statistical significance was assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05). For post hoc analyses, the Mann-Whitney U test was used alongside the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (α=.008). Results Within the CAD/CAM groups, the 30-μm spacer thickness resulted in the lowest median axial gap (90.04 μm), whereas the 60-μm spacer thickness resulted in the lowest median occlusal gap (152.39 μm). The median marginal gap values of the CAD/CAM-60 group (49.35 μm) and CAD/CAM-100 group (46.65 μm) were lower than those of the CAD/CAM-30 group (55.18 μm). No significant differences among the CAD/CAM groups were observed for absolute marginal discrepancy. The heat-press group had significantly different values than those of the CAD/CAM groups. Conclusion The spacer thickness and fabrication technique affected the adaptation of ceramic crowns. The heat-press group yielded the best marginal and internal crown adaptation results. The 30- or 60-μm spacer settings are recommended for the E4D CAD/CAM system.
The Comparative Study of Intergroup Conflict

Forty present or past societies having distinguishable minority groups are analyzed to discover possible relations between their social structure and the form and intensity of intergroup prejudice, discrimination, and conflict. Significant correlations are found in a number of areas.—Editor
Past and Present in Transitional Voting Electoral Choices in Post-Communist Poland

We test three sets of influences linking pre- and post-transition Poland: organizational affiliations, issue positions and economic assessments each corresponds to a different tradition in the voting behavior literature. We look at how each factor impacts on the formation of a competitive party system, employing individual voting data in a multinomial logit model using expected probabilities and factor change interpretation techniques. The findings reveal that the former organizational affiliation of both Communist Party and Solidarity members affects post-transition behavior, even while controlling for issue, economic and social variables. As for issue and economic voting, different policy issues and economic assessments affect post-communist and post-Solidarity party voters, establishing a distinct saliency for the post-communist and post-Solidarity camps, as well as for the political parties in each camp. The analysis shows that the past, whether in terms of organization, issue or economic evaluation, ...
Plantwide Design and Control of Processes with Inerts. 2. Heavy Inerts

This is the second paper of a series that explores the design and control of processes containing inert components. Three strategies for removal of heavy inerts from a process are compared both from the standpoint of steady-state economics as well as from the standpoint of dynamic controllability. These processes are essentially the “inverses” of the processes discussed in the first paper of the series. It is shown that the best structure for the case of heavy inerts is the inverse of the best light inert structure (the reader is referred back to the first paper of the series). A reactor and full column with side draw is used. The heavy inert is removed as the bottoms product, the sidestream is recycled back to the reactor, and the overhead is the plant product.
Active oxygen species stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proto-oncogene expression.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferate in response to arterial injury. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to platelet-derived growth factors, growth factors from inflammatory cells and endothelial cells at the site of injury may contribute to VSMC proliferation. We hypothesized that a common mechanism by which endothelial cells and inflammatory cells stimulate VSMC growth could be the active oxygen species (i.e., O2-, H2O2, and .OH) generated during arterial injury. Using xanthine/xanthine oxidase to generate active oxygen species, we studied the effects of these agents on VSMC growth. Xanthine/xanthine oxidase (100 microM xanthine and 5 microunits/ml xanthine oxidase) stimulated DNA synthesis in growth-arrested VSMCs by 180% over untreated cells. Administration of the scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase demonstrated that H2O2 was primarily responsible for xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced VSMC DNA synthesis. H2O2 directly increased VSMC DNA synthesis and cell number (maximal at 200 microM) but decreased DNA synthesis of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. This effect was protein kinase C independent: sphingosine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, failed to block H2O2-induced VSMC DNA synthesis. H2O2 (200 microM) stimulated c-myc and c-fos mRNA levels by fourfold and 20-fold, respectively, as compared with quiescent levels. In contrast to DNA synthesis, H2O2 induction of c-myc and c-fos mRNA was primarily protein kinase C dependent. These findings show that H2O2 specifically increases VSMC DNA synthesis and suggest a role for this oxidant in intimal proliferation, especially after arterial injury.
A Normalized Model for the Half-Bridge Series Resonant Converter

Closed-form steady-state equations are derived for the halfbridge series resonant converter with a rectified (dc) load. Normalized curves for various currents and voltages are then plotted as a function of the circuit parameters. Experimental results based on a 10-kHz converter are presented for comparison with the calculations.
Typing of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms by a microsphere-based rolling circle amplification assay.

The combination of suspension array with rolling circle amplification can lead to a sensitive and specific assay for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detection, as demonstrated in this study. A circular template generated by ligation upon the recognition of a point mutation on DNA targets was amplified isothermally by the Phi29 polymerase on microspheres. The elongation products were labeled with fluorochrome-tagged probes and detected in a flow cytometer, indicating the mutation occurrence. As low as 10 amol of mutated strands was detected by this assay, and positive mutation detection was achieved with a wild-type to mutant ratio of 10 000:1, which could be attributed to the high amplification efficiency of Phi29, the high binding capacity of the microspheres, and the remarkable precision of DNA ligase in distinguishing mismatched bases at the ligation site. A novel design of using two differently labeled detection probes on the same microsphere to target both the wild-type and mutant samples allo...
Adoption & evaluation of personal health record (PHR) system

Personal Health Record (PHR) is an emerging web-based Healthcare IT System, which is a hot topic of discussion among healthcare professionals and many common people. Its a very new concept and many companies are offering PHR services to their customers. PHR is created and kept up-to-date by the user, healthcare providers or insurance companies. User can enter their information and manage their PHR. PHR can include everything from medical histories to test results, physicians notes, prescriptions and information from their pharmacies and insurance companies. Hence PHR empowers the patients and gives them full access to their healthcare data. Many employers, insurance companies, hospitals, and physicians are offering PHR services to their consumers. There are also many web-sites from where consumers can sign up for free PHRs services. Due to many benefits associated with PHR services, consumers find it very attractive to use PHR. But there are also many concerns hindering adoption of PHR. In this paper we shall review the factors affecting adoption of PHR systems using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and formulate hypothesis for PHR adoption.
Podophyllin treatment of hairy tongue: a warning

Biologic effects of podophyllin, although not well understood, are believed to be antimitotic. An instance of toxic response to podophyllin therapy for black hairy tongue is reported and caution is recommended in the use of this drug because of untoward effects.
Cryomagmatic Mechanisms for the Formation of Rhadamanthys Linea, Triple Band Margins, and Other Low-Albedo Features on Europa

We investigate cryomagmatic mechanisms for the formation of the diffuse low-albedo margins of triple bands and haloes associated with elliptical lenticulae on Europa. One mechanism involves explosive venting of a gas-particle spray derived from a subsurface body of volatile-bearing water. Assuming the dark features represent cryoclastic deposits erupted from a medial or central vent, modeling the dynamics of the eruptive plumes indicates that eruption velocities of 30 to 250 m s−1 and volatile contents of 0.1 to 20 wt% are required to produce deposits having the observed dimensions. Calculated heights for ballistic plumes range from <1 to ∼25 km. As an alternative mechanism, we consider conductive heating of lithospheric ice by a subsurface heat source (e.g., a warm ice diapir or cryomagmatic intrusion), which promotes enhanced sublimation of surface ice, producing local enrichment of nonice material. An analytical model describing a constant-temperature, infinite heat source places lower bounds on the time scales required to produce a detectable feature. A numerical treatment of more realistic geometries and boundary conditions allows cooling of the heat source to be modeled. We find that the thermal model satisfactorily explains features with the dimensions of minor lineaments and lenticulae haloes (a few kilometers) over time intervals of ∼104 to 105 years. The formation of a sublimation lag deposit proceeds rapidly once the ice temperature exceeds a threshold of ∼130 K. However, for triple bands measuring up to 25 km in width, additional heat sources, such as repeated or multiple intrusions, are necessary to reproduce the observed dimensions. This is consistent with the observation that well-developed triple bands typically have multiple medial ridge sets, each of which may represent a discrete tabular heat source. Although neither the volcanic nor intrusive/thermal model can be ruled out at this stage, the latter is a more satisfactory explanation for some characteristics of the low-albedo features analyzed in this study.
George Armstrong (1719-1787). Founder of the first dispensary for children.

An intractable aspect of human behavior in every stage and structure of society has been inhumanity to children. 1-7 England's social form in the 18th century, distinguished by a swiftly accelerating industrial revolution, evidenced human violence toward children in the inordinate incidence of sickly and deformed infants, illegitimacy, an infant mortality that reached 75% before the age of 2 years, abandonment of unwanted infants, and infanticide and a mortality in London's Foundling Home so depressingly high that William Cadogan (1711-1791) proffered his treatise as a guide to better care. 7-10 English society in the 18th century included factory and mill owners dehumanized by profit and greed; the aristocracy of blood dehumanized by idleness and frivolity; and the lower classes abandoned to squalor. The cheap and obedient labor—children, women, and men—were forced to work long hours with little rest, comfort, food, or recompense. They suffered poverty, deprivation,
Pilot trial to compare tolerance of chlorhexidine gluconate to povidone-iodine antisepsis for central venous catheter placement in neonates

Pilot trial to compare tolerance of chlorhexidine gluconate to povidone-iodine antisepsis for central venous catheter placement in neonates
Comparative rates of formation of fatty acids in the soybean seed during its development

Lincoln soybeans harvested at successive stages of maturity showed continuous increases in amounts present of each of the fatty acids: saturated, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic.
Frameless image-guided intracranial and extracranial radiosurgery using the Cyberknife robotic system.

Abstract The Cyberknife™ is an image-guided robotic radiosurgery system. The image guidance system includes a kilovoltage X-ray imaging source and amorphous silica detectors. The radiation delivery device is a mobile X-band linear accelerator mounted onto a robotic arm. Through a highly complex interplay between the image guidance system, an automated couch, and the high-speed linear accelerator, near real-time tracking of the target is achieved. The Cyberknife™ gained Federal Drug Administration clearance in the United States in 2001 for treatment of tumors “anywhere in the body where radiation treatment is indicated.” Because the Cyberknife™ system does not rely on rigid fixation of a stereotactic frame, tumors outside of the intracranial compartment, even those tumors that move with respiration can be treated with a similar degree of ease as intracranial targets. A description of the Cyberknife™ technology and a review of some of the current intracranial and extracranial applications are detailed herein.
Characterization and Selective Removal of Organic Sulfur from IIIinois Basin Coals

In order to develop appropriate desulfurization strategies, the organic sulfur species and their distribution in coal need to be characterized. Peroxyacetic acid oxidation has been developed to render coal soluble, allowing for the subsequent GC-FID/FPD and GC-MS analysis of sulfur compounds. Four Illinois Basin coals and samples of sporinite, vitrinite and semifusinite isolated from them have been examined. Between 20 and 50% of the organic sulfur in these coals is associated with relatively few compounds detected in the volatile oxidation products. Of these, methylsulfonic acid is the most abundant, which, from model compound studies, results from oxidation of either methyl disulfide or simple thiophene structures in the coals. Although the species detected are commonly occurring among the majority of the coal and maceral fractions, their distribution varies considerably from sample to sample. By fractionating the oxidation products, a fraction was obtained that had a sulfur content of 18%. This fractio...
Visualization of a variety of possible dosimetric outcomes in radiation therapy using dose-volume histogram bands

Purpose Dose-volume histograms (DVH) are the most common tool used in the appraisal of the quality of a clinical treatment plan. However, when delivery uncertainties are present, the DVH may not always accurately describe the dose distribution actually delivered to the patient. We present a method, based on DVH formalism, to visualize the variability in the expected dosimetric outcome of a treatment plan.
Exiting homelessness without a voucher: A comparison of independently housed and other homeless veterans.

Studies that have shown the superiority of housing voucher programs over standard care for homeless adults with mental illness have also incidentally shown that many are able to obtain independent housing without subsidies. The current study examined how individuals obtain housing without a voucher and whether greater employment earnings or better clinical outcomes were associated with such housing success. Data from an experimental evaluation of the Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program were used for an observational study that compared participants who, at 3 months, were: (1) Independently Housed Without a Voucher (n 96), (2) Independently Housed With a Voucher (n 93), (3) Housed In Another Individual’s Place (n 60), or (4) Not Yet Housed (n 170). Participants who obtained independent housing without a voucher worked more days and had higher employment income than those who did use a voucher, but they were less satisfied with their housing. About a third of participants who lived in independent housing without a voucher had others living with them. Homeless veterans with mental illness are able to use employment and shared housing as naturalistic ways to obtain independent housing.
A Survey of Recent Mariology

L'A. propose une revue des principaux et recents ouvrages de mariologie: des periodiques scientifiques, les actes des colloques, des documents emanant du Magistere, l'Ecriture et la tradition, la doctrine en general et en particulier, la liturgie, la devotion et les devotions, l'oecumenisme, les miscellanees