cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microsomal nucleoprotein particles from pea seedlings.

Ultracentrifugal analysis of an extract of pea epicotyls, previously freed of debris and larger particles by centrifugation at 40,000 g for 10 minutes, has revealed the presence of a major component which possesses a sedimentation coefficient of 74 S. This component constitutes about 25 per cent of the TCA-precipitable material in the clarified epicotyl extract and is estimated to make up 1 to 2 per cent of the dry weight of the original tissue. In size, chemical composition, and morphology, the 74 S component resembles the nucleoproteins of the microsomes from animal tissues. The 74 S component of pea epicotyl extracts has been purified by repeated cycles of differential centrifugation to yield a preparation which is 80 per cent homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge. It has been found to contain 30 to 37 per cent RNA as judged by a variety of analytical techniques. Approximately 55 per cent of the weight of the material is protein and a further 4.5 per cent phospholipide. Electron micrographs of air-dried specimens of the purified preparation show the 74 S constituent to be flattened spheres with an average height of 180 A and an average diameter of approximately 280 A. The molecular weight of the 74 S particles is computed from sedimentation, viscosity, and partial specific volume data to be 4.5 million ± 10 per cent in agreement with the value estimated from electron micrographs. The 74 S or microsomal component of pea epicotyls is rapidly aggregated in the presence of low concentrations of Mg ions or by somewhat higher concentrations of Ca or K salts. ATP on the contrary causes resolution of electrolyte-induced microsomal aggregates with simultaneous degradation of the particles to an ultracentrifugally inhomogeneous mixture of lower molecular weight materials.
Analysis of a PCM System Employing a PPM Vernier

The upper limit to the output SNR of sampled-data PCM systems is set by the quantization noise. The present study is concerned with a method of overcoming this limitation by employing time shifting of the PCM pulse groups so as to constitute an analog encoding of the difference between the sample amplitude and the nearest quantization level. Thus PCM is introduced to serve as a vernier to PPM. For this Vernier system the optimum values are found of 1) the number of pulses per pulse group for a given time-bandwidth per pulse group and 2) the detection threshold. An SNR analysis is then carried out, comparing this system with conventional doublepolarity PCM and with conventional single-polarity PPM. This comparison is made on the basis of equal energy and time-bandwidth per pulse group and a simplified model of the channel and detection scheme. The analysis shows that the Vernier system's threshold of channel SNR required for reliable detection is about 6 db higher than that for pure PCM, but that, near and beyond this threshold, the Vernier system's performance exceeds that of pure PCM and of pure PPM consistently and considerably. This improvement in performance can be realized as an increase in output SNR, as a decrease in time-bandwidth occupancy, or as a combination of these advantages.
Comparative biotransformation of molinate (Ordram) in the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

1. Juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 100 μg/1 [ring-14C]molinate in a flow-through metabolism system. Exposure was in three phases: acclimation (2h), uptake (24h), and depuration (24 h).2. Excreted metabolites were collected on a macroreticular resin, and retained metabolites were extracted from homogenized fish tissue. Identification and quantification was by h.p.l.c. cochromatography (gradient conditions) and determination of 14C, and confirmation was by t.l.c.3. 14C depuration (elimination) by common carp (77˙8%) was significantly slower than that by white sturgeon (96˙0%, P < 0˙01) or that previously reported for striped bass (90˙5%, P < 0˙01). Differences in bioconcentration were not significant (P < 0˙05).4. Common carp and white sturgeon oxidized molinate to form several products and hydrolysed, or conjugated with giutathione (GSH), the sulphoxide or sulphone; both fish also formed a D-glucuronic acid conjugate.5. Common carp were si...
A numerical method for mass spectral data analysis

The new generation of mass spectrometers produces an astonishing amount of high-quality data in a brief period of time, leading to inevitable data analysis bottlenecks. Automated data analysis algorithms are required for rapid and repeatable processing of mass spectra containing hundreds of peaks, the part of the spectra containing information. New data processing algorithms must work with minimal user input, both to save operator time and to eliminate inevitable operator bias. Toward this end an accurate mathematical algorithm is presented that automatically locates and calculates the area beneath peaks. The promising numerical performance of this algorithm applied to raw data is presented.
Advanced reproductive technology in the water buffalo

Embryo transfer techniques in water buffalo were derived from those in cattle. However, the success rate is much lower in buffaloes, due to their inherent lower fertility and poor superovulatory response. The buffalo ovary has a smaller population of recruitable follicles at any given time than the ovary of the cow (89% fewer at birth). In addition, estrus detection is problematic. Progress in the field of embryo transfer in water buffalo has been slow, and is primarily due to a poor response to superovulation. The average yield of transferable embryos is less than one per superovulated donor. In vitro embryo production could considerably improve the efficacy and logistics of embryo production. The technique of Ovum Pick Up is superior to superovulation; it can yield more transferable embryos per donor on a monthly basis (2.0 versus 0.6). The feasibility of intergeneric embryo transfer between buffalo and cattle has been investigated. No pregnancy resulted after transfer of 13 buffalo embryos to synchronized Holstein heifers. Preliminary successes with nucleus transfer of Bubalus bubalis fetal and adult somatic nuclei into enucleated bovine oocytes and subsequent development to the blastocyst stage have been reported.
The Moral of the Story: Literature and Public Ethics. Edited by Henry T. Edmondson III. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2000. 272p. $75.00 cloth, $24.95 paper. Shakespeare's Political Realism: The English History Plays. By Tim Spiekerman. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 208p. $16.95 paper.

As their scholarship indicates, Henry Edmondson and Tim Spiekerman share two basic assumptions: There exist certain enduring issues of politics, such as the nature of social justice and the legitimacy of power, and authors of fiction, drama, and poetry who write with knowledge and sensitivity about the human condition often will have something significant to say about them.
Conflict Analysis and Branching Heuristics in the Search for Graph Automorphisms

We adapt techniques from the constraint programming and satisfiability literatures to expedite the search for graph automorphisms. Specifically, we implement conflict-driven backjumping, several branching heuristics, andrestarts. To support backjumping, we extend high-performance search for graph automorphisms with a novel framework for conflict analysis. Empirically, these techniques improve performance up to several orders of magnitude.
Allelic Variation and Differential Expression of the mSIN3A Histone Deacetylase Complex Gene Arid4b Promote Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis

Accumulating evidence suggests that breast cancer metastatic progression is modified by germline polymorphism, although specific modifier genes have remained largely undefined. In the current study, we employ the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model and the AKXD panel of recombinant inbred mice to identify AT–rich interactive domain 4B (Arid4b; NM_194262) as a breast cancer progression modifier gene. Ectopic expression of Arid4b promoted primary tumor growth in vivo as well as increased migration and invasion in vitro, and the phenotype was associated with polymorphisms identified between the AKR/J and DBA/2J alleles as predicted by our genetic analyses. Stable shRNA–mediated knockdown of Arid4b caused a significant reduction in pulmonary metastases, validating a role for Arid4b as a metastasis modifier gene. ARID4B physically interacts with the breast cancer metastasis suppressor BRMS1, and we detected differential binding of the Arid4b alleles to histone deacetylase complex members mSIN3A and mSDS3, suggesting that the mechanism of Arid4b action likely involves interactions with chromatin modifying complexes. Downregulation of the conserved Tpx2 gene network, which is comprised of many factors regulating cell cycle and mitotic spindle biology, was observed concomitant with loss of metastatic efficiency in Arid4b knockdown cells. Consistent with our genetic analysis and in vivo experiments in our mouse model system, ARID4B expression was also an independent predictor of distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients with ER+ tumors. These studies support a causative role of ARID4B in metastatic progression of breast cancer.
The contribution of golf to daily physical activity recommendations: how many steps does it take to complete a round of golf?

To quantify the number of steps adults take during an 18-hole round of golf, we recruited 42 healthy volunteers (12 men and 30 women aged 30-80 years) with established United States Golf Association handicaps to complete an 18-hole round of golf on each of 3 municipal golf courses. Subjects walked each course while wearing a pedometer to record step data. Analysis revealed that each golfer took a mean ± SD 11,948 ± 1781 steps per 18-hole round of golf. Regardless of handicap level, sex, or course played, most subjects exceeded 10,000 steps during a typical round of golf. Consequently, in most cases, walking 18 holes of golf will meet the recommendation to accumulate 10,000 steps per day as part of a general physical activity plan.
Dialogue and Structure: Enabling Learner Self-Regulation in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments:

Distance learning that incorporates technology-enhanced learning environments provides a solution to the ever-increasing global demand for higher education. To be successful in these contexts, lear...
White Racial Identity Attitude Theories A Rose by Any Other Name is Still a Rose

The purpose of this article is to examine the White racial consciousness model (Rowe, Bennettu & Atkinson, 1994)J which has been proposed as a superior conceptualization for understanding White racial attitudes than existing frameworks, specifically Helms's (1990) theory of White racial identity attitudes. Rowe et al. (1994) have argued for the superiority of the White racial consciousness model because it can "describe the phenomena more accurately, predict relationships better, and provide a more stable base for assessment" (p. 133) than Helms's White racial identity attitude theory. This article raises questions as to the validity of these claims. The White racial consciousness model is examined in terms of its similarities and differences to Helms's White racial identity attitude theory, focusing on the two theories in relation to their definition of core constructs, theoretical basis, and the existing empirical evidence.
The number of linearly independent binary vectors with applications to the construction of hypercubes and orthogonal arrays, pseudo (t,m,s)-nets and linear codes.

We study formulae to count the number of binary vectors of length n that are linearly independent k at a time where n and k are given positive integers with 1 ≤ k ≤ n. Applications are given to the design of hypercubes and orthogonal arrays, pseudo (t, m, s)-nets and linear codes.
A miniaturized ASIC-based multichannel scaler instrument

A miniaturized multichannel scaler instrument has been developed to address size and operational constraints for data acquisition in a portable laser-induced luminescence system. The multichannel scaling (MCS) function is implemented as a programmable application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with standard interfaces for control and data-acquisition. The instrument is microcontroller-based with sufficient computing power for data manipulation and algorithmic processing. The unit includes electronics for laser control and amplification and pulse height discrimination of PMT pulses. Modification of the instrument should allow use in nuclear, chemical, and spectroscopy-related applications including Mossbauer experiments. Interfaces are incorporated allowing both computer-controlled and stand-alone operation. Implementation of the MCS function as an ASIC and comparison with conventional implementations are discussed. Full characterization of the MCS is presented including differential nonlinearity, bin dead time, and bandwidth measurements. >
A Miniature Optical Particle Counter for In Situ Aircraft Aerosol Research

Abstract Modification of a commercial Met One 237A optical sensor to accept custom electronics consisting of a single logarithmic amplifier providing 256 size bins over the 0.3–14-μm diameter range is described. Configuration of the optical particle spectrometer for airborne aerosol measurements is found to be effective for both miniature remote control aircraft and large research aircraft (NASA P-3B). The instrument is rugged, of low cost, uses low power, and is easily integrated into various platforms. The high size resolution and the 1.6 l min–1 sample rate provide excellent count statistics and high sensitivity for ambient out-of-cloud aircraft measurements and for other diverse applications. It can be readily configured for isokinetic or subisokinetic aircraft sampling. Initial comparison with other optical particle counters over the Sea of Japan reveals it to be an effective instrument for in situ aircraft measurements.
Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-α action delays but does not prevent lung injury induced by alloreactive T helper 1 cells

BACKGROUND Lung injury occurs frequently after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in association with graft-versus-host disease, an immune response that involves both cellular and cytokine components. In a murine model, we recently showed that cloned alloreactive T helper (Th)1 cells can cause lung injury associated with increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by alveolar macrophages (J Immunol 1998; 161: 1913). METHODS To evaluate the role of TNF-alpha in this model, we injected in vitro-activated Th1 cells into the following: (1) recipients deficient in receptors for TNF; (2) C57BL/6 control mice; (3) C57BL/6 mice, pretreated with soluble TNFRIIFc (a dimorphic high-affinity TNF antagonist); (4) mice expressing TNFRIIFc transgene under control of the surfactant apoprotein C promoter (SPCTNFRIIFc); and (5) wild-type littermate controls (C57BL/6) (n=3-6 mice/group). RESULTS At 1 and 3 days after i.v. Th1 cell transfer, recipients were killed for analysis of lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein, and BAL cell counts. Control mice (wild type) at day 1 after injection had a mild to moderate mononuclear perivasculitis and increased interstitial cellularity. At day 3, lesions were more severe and perivasculitis also involved larger veins. TNFR-deficient mice had normal lung or minimal lung inflammation at day 1. At day 3, perivasculitis of medium-sized vessels was present, but there was no apparent involvement of larger veins. Results in mice treated with soluble TNFRIIFc and transgenic mice (SPCsTNFRIIFc) were similar to controls. BAL protein and BAL cell counts did not differ between any of the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that lung inflammation induced by Th1 cells may be only delayed when TNF-alpha action is blocked. The persistence of abnormalities indicates that other proinflammatory pathways are involved in injury caused by these cells.
Five-Membered Ring Peroxide Selectively Initiates Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells

A 1,2-dioxolane (FINO2) was identified as a lead compound from a screen of organic peroxides. FINO2 does not induce apoptosis, but instead initiates ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, oxidative cell death pathway. Few compounds are known to induce primarily ferroptosis. In contrast to the perceived instability of peroxides, FINO2 was found to be thermally stable to at least 150 °C. FINO2 was more potent in cancer cells than nonmalignant cells of the same type. One of the enantiomers was found to be more responsible for the observed activity.
ChMindstorms for Controlling Multi-Robot Systems

This article describes the design and mechanism of ChMindstorms, a cross-platform multi-robot controller, for controlling and programming Lego Mindstorms robots, NXT and EV3, with C/C++ code. Heterogeneous multi-robot systems are facing unique control and programming challenges due to cooperation between different types of robots. ChMindstorms not only has a Graphic Users Interface (GUI) for controller each robot, but also provides Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) integrated with Ch, a C/C++ interpreter, so that robots can be controlled remotely by C/C++ code without compilation. In addition, different types of robots can cooperate with each other effectively, such as sharing sensing abilities. Debugging process is also simplified since a debugger is implemented in Ch so that even beginners can also easily program Lego robots.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Flow and thermal responses of aortic baroreceptors

1. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether the impulse activity in rabbit aortic baroreceptors (BRs) was influenced by changes in nonpulsatile flow through the aortic lumen and 2) to examine the BR and aortic arch responses to changes in temperature. 2. An in vitro aortic arch-aortic nerve preparation was used to record suprathreshold steady-state discharge in a total of 29 single-unit BRs from 12 New Zealand white rabbits. Changes in BR frequency were measured relative to control and were recorded simultaneously with aortic arch pressure, flow, temperature, diameter, and calculated wall shear stress (Sw). 3. With pressure held constant, stair-step increases in flow (3–18 ml/min) constricted the arch and evoked two types of BR responses: activation in most units (15 of 17 BRs tested) and inhibition in 2 units. The activation response appeared closely related to the changes in flow and Sw, but also appeared related to uncontrolled changes in perfusate temperature. 4. When the effects of temperature were examined more closely with pressure and flow held constant, controlled step increases in temperature (between 32 and 42 degrees C) constricted the arch and again evoked two BR responses: activation in 11 of 14 BRs tested and inhibition in 3 units. The Q10 for the activation response was 1.55 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE), which was not significantly different from the Q10 for activation when temperature varied with flow (1.65 +/- 0.1, P < 0.05). Thus the effect of temperature on most BRs was directionally and quantitatively similar in the presence and absence of changes in flow. 5. Last, when flow was examined over a wide range (15–515 ml/min) with temperature and pressure held constant, stair-step increases in flow failed to produce any change in BR frequency in each of 15 fibers tested (10 arches). The lack of response was not due to a functionally damaged preparation because the usual BR and aortic arch responses to pressure and to drug-evoked vasoconstriction (norepinephrine) and endothelial-mediated vasodilation (acetylcholine) were intact. 6. These results demonstrate that aortic BRs in rabbits are not sensitive to flow and thus are not likely influenced by fluctuations in cardiac output apart from associated changes in pressure. The aortic BRs are affected directly by variations in temperature and in some cases indirectly by temperature-related vasoconstriction. The effects of temperature may have important implications for neural control of the circulation when core temperature varies because of physiological and environmental stress.
Assessment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Using Gem Premier 4000 Total Bilirubin Assay: Impact on Risk Classification?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends measurement of total bilirubin (TBili) in newborns to assess the risk of developing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of whole blood TBili results measured on a blood gas analyzer to serum results obtained on an automated chemistry analyzer. In addition, we determined the concordance of hyperbilirubinemia risk classification between the 2 methods. Seventy-nine blood samples were collected. The TBili (mg/dL) was measured on whole blood using the Instrumentation Laboratories GEM 4000 (GEM) and on simultaneously collected serum samples on the Siemens Dimension Vista chemistry analyzer (Vista). Twenty-four infants, aged younger than 7 days, were classified into categories for risk of sequelae of severe hyperbilirubinemia using an established postnatal hour-specific nomogram. GEM results showed a mean bias of +0.55 mg/dL compared with Vista. Eight (33%) of 24 infants were assigned different risk grades by the GEM; 4 were assigned higher risk grades, and 4 had lower risk grades; only 1 infant’s risk status was changed by more than 1 grade. Therefore, although the GEM method shows good overall agreement with the Vista chemistry analyzer in measurement of TBili levels, assignment of clinical risk categories may differ by the 2 methods.
Development of MS(n) in digitally operated linear ion guides.

This publication demonstrates the use of digital waveform manipulation in linear ion guides to trap isolated ions and fragment them before mass analysis by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Ion trapping and collection was performed by waveform duty cycle manipulation to create a negative axial potential between the rods and the end-cap electrodes. Ion isolation can be performed by duty cycle manipulation to narrow the range of stable masses while continuing to axially trap the ions. Further ion isolation can then be performed by jumping the quadrupole frequency to each side of the stability zone to eliminate ions above and below the isolated ion mass. Collision-induced dissociation was demonstrated by duty cycle manipulation to either axially or radially excite the ions. The methods for performing these types of excitations are discussed and demonstrated. These techniques can be combined or used separately for MSn analysis. The use of frequency and duty cycle manipulation of the applied waveforms...
STUDIES ON A FEW FACTORS OF PRINTING PASTES FOR BLOTCH METHOD

On Blotch Method by machine printing specially among the printing methods using Vat dyestuffs, a few factors were measured in order to find the following: (1) Physical properties of printing pastes. (2) The influence of these properties on the result of printing, That is, on printing pastes for Blotch Method which uses all kinds of thickener, their viscosity, spinnability, sharpness, levelness and colour value, fixed value, fixed percentage etc. of the prints steamed in Flash Ager were measured.The results obtained are as follows:1) As printing pastes for Blotch Method, wheat starch, Sodium alginate and Schisa are suitable.2) Single thickener which excels from every point of view does not exist.3) As mixed printing pastes for Blotch method, mixture of Wheat starch and Sodium alginate are excellent.
A Sharpening of a Putnam Congruence on Binomial Coefficients

(1980). A Sharpening of a Putnam Congruence on Binomial Coefficients. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 377-377.
OP0055 Utility and Associated Risk of Pulmonary Embolism CT Scans in the Michigan Lupus Cohort

Background Excessive amounts of ionizing radiation from CT scanning can increase cancer risk. Lupus patients are frequently evaluated for chest pain and may have multiple pulmonary embolism CT (PE CT) scans in addition to other exposures to diagnostic or therapeutic radiation. Objectives i) Determine the incidence of PE in University of Michigan Lupus Cohort patients who have undergone PE -CT scans ii) Estimate associated breast and lung cancer incidence Methods We reviewed records of patients in the Michigan Lupus Cohort (N=856), and for each patient determined the number and outcome of PE-CT scans. All patients gave informed consent for review of their records. Based on estimated x-ray exposure from a state of the art GE Discovery CT750 HD CT scanner for an arterial chest scan, we estimated radiation dosage to the breast and lung in an average sized adult woman, utilizing CT-Expo software package.{1] We used the dose information and the patient9s age at the time of the CT scan and tabulated risks according to the BEIR VII report to estimate the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of breast and lung cancer incidence. Risks from multiple CT scans were summed. Results 183/856 (21%) patients underwent a total of 358 PE CT scans. The overall rate of positivity was 7.5%. The likelihood of a positive scan decreased in proportion to the number of scans that had been previously performed. (Figure 1) For patients undergoing their first through third CT scans the rate of positivity for PE was 9.2%, whereas patients undergoing their fourth through tenth CT scans had 1.6% positivity. We estimated radiation doses of to the breast and lung in female patients from a PE CT arterial scan, as 20mGy and 22mGy respectively. Separating patients based on age and number of CT scans, the estimated lifetime increase incidence risk of breast and lung cancer was calculated. In this simplified model the range of added risk for breast and lung cancer respectively per 100,000 female patients was 0-100 in 72% and 72%; 100-500 in 25% and 28% and 500- 1000 in 4% and 1%. Conclusions Patients with multiple previous PE CT scans had lower likelihood of a positive result on subsequent scans and higher risks of malignancy. Our conservative estimates of radiation exposure, that do not account for higher radiation doses from older CT scanners, indicate sufficient risk to warrant more precise characterization of radiation exposure in this population; and encourage development of guidelines for PE screening for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent chest pain. The magnitude of risk should not discourage performance of PE CT when clinically indicated. References G. Stamm and H.D. Nagel, CT-expo – A novel program for dose evaluation in CT, RoFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin 174, 1570–1576 (2002) Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2406
Growth, Structure and Stress of DC Magnetron Sputtered TiB2 Thin Films

TiB2 is a very hard refractory compound that strongly resists erosion and shows metallic luster and good electrical conductivity. It has potential applications in protective coating systems. This paper investigates the microstructure and stresses of as-deposited TiB2 thin films ranging from 2000 °A to 4000 °A thick produced by dc magnetron sputtering as a function of sputtering power and Ar pressure. Three power levels: 100, 400, 600 W, and four pressures: 3, 5, 8, and 12 mTorr were used. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that two types of crystalline structure are formed: a randomly oriented fine crystalline structure and a coarser grained (001) textured structure, depending on the sputtering power and pressure. As-deposited stresses at different powers all show a transition from compression to tension as the Ar pressure increases. The relationship between the processing parameters, microstructure and residual stresses is discussed. The effects of the deposition power and pressure on the residual stress transition of TiB2 thin films are clearly mapped out by 3-D and contour maps.
Discrimination performance as affected by duration of shock for either the correct or incorrect response

The present study extends our assessment of various shock parameters and training procedures as possible determinants of the paradoxical facilitating effect of shock for the correct response in discrimination training. Eighty hungry rats were trained with a non-correction procedure to make a light-dark discrimination for food under various durations of shock for either the right or wrong response. Trend analyses showed that, with greater durations of shock, errors decreased for the shock-wrong Ss but remained constant for the shock-right Ss and did not depart significantly from the performance of no-shock controls. The data delimit any broad generalization that shock for the correct response facilitates discrimination performance.
Peer education about chronic disease control in China railway health system a polite intervention and its discussion

As traditional methods of chronic disease control is costly and time consuming, it is necessary to introduce a new way to overcome these drawbacks. Peer education, which is relatively economical, flexible, and durable, was applied as a pilot intervention against chronic disease in railway health system. The necessarity and feasibility were discussed in the following article.
What Does Edwards Ban?: Interrogating, Badgering, or Initiating Contact?

The suspects who receive the most protection from Miranda today are the minority who actually assert their rights, particularly those who invoke the right to counsel. Michigan v. Mosley requires the police to “scrupulously honor” the rights of suspects who wish to remain silent, and the Edwards v. Arizona line of cases provides even greater safeguards to those who ask for a lawyer. Precisely what bars Edwards erects has been the subject of some controversy, however, as the Supreme Court for many years fluctuated between describing Edwards as simply prohibiting the police from interrogating suspects and taking the broader view that Edwards prevents law enforcement officials from even approaching suspects in ways that do not qualify as “interrogation” for purposes of Miranda.Unsurprisingly, the mixed signals coming from the Supreme Court generated a division among the lower courts, a conflict that was seemingly resolved in favor of the broader interpretation by the Court’s 2010 opinion in Maryland v. Shatzer. In dictum in Shatzer, the majority took the position that Edwards bars not just interrogation, but also “subsequent attempts” at interrogation, “requests for interrogation,” and “any efforts to get [the suspect] to change his mind.” Despite Shatzer, however, the lower courts continue to be divided.This contribution to a symposium honoring the fiftieth anniversary of Miranda discusses the post-Shatzer record on the scope of Edwards, criticizing the courts that have ignored Shatzer’s straightforward language and continue to limit Edwards to circumstances where police conduct rose to the level of “interrogation.” In defending the broader interpretation of the Edwards prohibition, the Article concludes that Shatzer’s conception of Edwards' reach is more faithful to the Court’s opinion in Edwards itself as well as to the policy considerations underlying the Edwards line of cases. The Article therefore advocates that cases involving post-invocation confessions be analyzed by asking which party reinitiated the conversation, applying the same standard of initiation to both the suspect and the police. Under this approach, comments made by a suspect that would be considered initiation and thereby would remove her from the Edwards shield would likewise be treated as initiation when made by law enforcement officials and thus would invalidate the suspect’s subsequent waiver of Miranda.
Hhex Is a Critical Gene In The Development Of Normal and Malignant Lymphoid Cells

Hematopoietically expressed homeobox ( Hhex ) is a T-cell oncogene. It is frequently deregulated in murine retroviral insertional mutagenesis screens and its enforced expression induces T-cell leukemia in bone marrow transduction and transplantation experiments. We discovered that HHEX is a direct transcriptional target of an LIM domain Only-2 (LMO2)-associated protein complex. HHEX clusters with LMO2 -overexpressing T-ALLs and is especially overexpressed in Early T-cell Precursor (ETP) – ALL where it is a direct transcriptional target of LMO2. To further understand Hhex 's function, we induced a conditional knockout in floxed Hhex mice with the Vav-iCre transgene. Mice were viable and showed normal blood cell counts with highly efficient deletion of Hhex in all hematopoietic tissues. Thymocytes from conditional knockouts showed a normal pattern of development. Most impressively, Hhex conditional knockout markedly prolonged the latency of T-ALL onset in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice ([figure 1][1]). Hhex conditional knockouts ( Hhex cKOs) also had a significant decrease in mature B cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Interestingly, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells plated on OP9-GFP or OP9-DL1 stromal cells showed proliferative defects and incomplete differentiation towards both B and T lineage. Also under stress conditions such as sublethal irradiation and competitive bone marrow transplants, Hhex conditional knockouts show a marked defect in both B and T lineages but an increase in early progenitor populations. Our experiments show that Hhex is a critical transcription factor in lymphoid development and in LMO2 -induced T-ALL. ![Figure 1][2] Figure 1 Hhex conditional knockout markedly prolonged the latency of T-ALL onset in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
Developing an Invertebrate Model for Chemical Carcinogenesis: Metabolic Activation of Carcinogens

It has been reported occasionally that the incidence of neoplasia among invertebrate animals is lower than that seen among mammalian species. It is unclear if this is true or if this is a result of lack of data, or some unique feature of invertebrate biology. Since many chemical carcinogens require metabolic activation before they can express their biological activities, lack of the enzymes which mediate these reactions could supply a basis to support the theory that invertebrates are resistant to cancer. Therefore, this laboratory initiated comparative studies of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in lower animals using benzo [a] pyrene (BP) as substrate.
Literatura e direitos humanos na obra de Sacolinha

Este artigo propoe examinar como textos de escritores da periferia urbana brasileira, especificamente a obra de Ademiro Alves, o Sacolinha, reivindicam os direitos humanos dos residentes da periferia, portanto de sua inclusao dentro da polis, atraves do nexo entre a representacao da cotidianidade e da injustica social na periferia urbana brasileira. Atraves da representacao da injustica social e do retrato da cotidianidade na periferia, que ocorrem de forma paralela nos textos aqui examinados, Sacolinha tanto aponta as condicoes socioeconomicas adversas em que vivem muitos residentes das periferias brasileiras, como valoriza a comunidade e a cultura da periferia. Seus textos sugerem que os moradores das periferias brasileiras nao somente sao vitimas de violacoes de direitos humanos, mas que tambem tem direito a ter direitos (Arendt, 1951).
Comparative Activity of Melarsoprol and Arsenic Trioxide in Chronic B-Cell Leukemia Lines

Inorganic arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was recently shown to induce apoptosis in NB4 promyelocytic leukemic cells. We have investigated the effects of the organic arsenical, melarsoprol (a drug used for treatment of trypanosomiasis), upon induction of apoptosis in cell lines representative of chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-prolymphocytic cell line (JVM-2), an EBV-transformed B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cell line (I83CLL), and one non-EBV-transformed B-CLL cell line (WSU-CLL) were used as targets. Dose-response experiments with melarsoprol (10(-7) to 10(-9) mol/L) were performed over 96 hours. Unexpectedly, we found that melarsoprol caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of survival and growth in all three cell lines. In contrast, As2O3 at similar concentrations had no effect on either viability or growth. After 24 hours, all three cell lines treated with melarsoprol (10(-7) mol/L) exhibited morphologic characteristics of apoptosis. We also observed prominent concentration-dependent downregulation of bcl-2 mRNA after 24 hours of exposure to melarsoprol in WSU-CLL, I83CLL, and JVM-2 cells. Decrease of bcl-2 protein expression was also observed in all three cell lines, whereas As2O3 had no effect on this parameter. We conclude that melarsoprol may inhibit the growth of lymphoid leukemic cell by promoting programmed cell death. Results of these studies suggest that melarsoprol shows promising therapeutic activity in these diseases, and a study to evaluate clinical effects of this drug has been initiated.
Mining Gap-fill Questions from Tutorial Dialogues.

Gap-fill questions are fill-in-the-blank questions which consist of a sentence with one or more gaps (blanks) and a number of choices for each gap. Such questions play crucial roles in creating test materials and tutorial dialogues. In this paper, we present a system that automatically generates such questions by exploiting previously recorded student-tutor interactions with an Intelligent Tutoring System. Our method is novel because it relies on mining questions’ distractors, i.e. tempting incorrect answers, from tutorial dialogues unlike most of the existing approaches that rely on instructional contents. Experimental results show that the proposed system can generate high quality gap-fill questions.
Makerspaces in Libraries: Technology as Catalyst for Better Learning, Better Teaching

Introduction: Across disciplines, the practice of education continues to evolve. Supporting organizations such as the library are responding by reworking existing practices while developing new ones. With roots grounded deeply in constructivist learning theory, the emerging practice of makerspaces in libraries is proving an effective step in that evolution. The article was written in the year 2016 at the University of Nevada, Reno. Methodology: Examples of associated active learning activity at one such library —an early adopter and first mover among academic libraries in adopting and integrating makerspace in libraries— are presented. Results and Conclusions: The product of leveraging technology as catalyst for active learning and engagement within and beyond the physical commons of the library, a blending of formal and informal learning, leading to increased innovation, entrepreneurship and collaboration across disciplinary and organizational boundaries, appears a natural result.
Abstraction of high level concepts from numerical values in databases

A conceptual clustering method is proposed for discovering high level concepts of numerical attribute values from databases. The method considers both frequency and value distributions of data, thus is able to discover relevant concepts from numerical attributes. The discovered knowledge can be used for representing data semantically and for providing approximate answers when exact ones are not available. Our knowledge discovery approach is to partition the data set of one or more attributes into clusters that minimize the relaxation error. An algorithm is developed which finds the best binary partition in O(n) time and generates a concept hierarchy in O(n2) time where n is the number of distinct values of the attribute. The effectiveness of our clustering method is demonstrated by applying it to a large transportation database for approximate query answering.
Inversion Technique for the Removal of Partially Covered Self-Expandable Metallic Stents

Partially covered self-expandable metallic stents (PCSEMS), although an effective treatment for anastomotic/staple line leaks and strictures, can be difficult to remove. This study examines the effectiveness of the inversion technique for the removal of PCSEMS in the treatment of leaks and strictures that occurred post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Consecutive patients who underwent PCSEMS removal for a leak and/or stricture post-SG or RYGB between July 2013 and December 2016 at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions were reviewed. All PCSEMS removals were first attempted via the inversion technique, which involves grasping the distal end of the stent and inverting it through itself. Fourteen patients (four males) underwent PCSEMS removal via the inversion technique for an anastomotic/staple line leak (50%), stricture (29%) or both (21%) post-SG (79%) or RYGB (21%). Technical success (successful removal of the stent) was achieved in one endoscopic session for 13 of the 14 PCSEMS (93%). One PCSEMS required the use of the stent-in-stent technique for removal. The median dwell time was 47 days (range 5–72). A distal partial occlusion developed in five patients (35%) due to tissue overgrowth and one PCSEMS (7%) migrated, necessitating premature removal. Eight patients (57%) experienced clinical success at follow-up, and six patients (43%) required subsequent treatment due to persistence or recurrence of the pathology. The inversion technique is a safe, effective, and efficient method of removing PCSEMS placed to correct anastomotic/staple line leaks and strictures post-SG and RYGB.
School Punishment and the Changing Face of Discipline: Parents and School Punishment

A great deal of prior work examines the effects of school discipline on youth. Only recently has research begun to examine the role parents play within the disciplinary process, how parents are affected by school punishment, and how parents, in turn, can affect school punishment. In this chapter, we examine this emerging body of scholarship by outlining some of the negative consequences of school punishment on parents and exploring how sociodemographic characteristics impact the ability of some parents to participate in the disciplinary process. Finally, we review ways in which schools and parents can work together to improve the school discipline as well as punishment outcomes for their children and families.
Isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia trifoliorum arabinofuranosidase-deficient mutants

A procedure for the isolation of mutants of Sclerotinia trifoliorum affected in extracellular hydrolases is described. The procedure involves visually screening large numbers of single ascospore isolates for the presence of extracellular enzymatic activities. Three arabinofuranosidase-deficient mutants were obtained in a screening of 4000 single ascospore isolates from a mutagenized ascospore population. Two of the mutants had a small amount of enzymatic activity remaining. This remaining arabinofuranosidase activity was thermolabile and, in one case, had an altered Michaelis constant (K m ). The pathogenicity of the arabinofuranosidase-deficient mutants was evaluated by inoculating alfalfa and winter pea stems and measuring the extent of necrosis induced by the pathogen. Under the conditions of the tests, the arabinofuranosidase-deficient mutants were significantly virulent on the winter pea stems but not on alfalfa stems. We conclude that under some conditions, arabinofuranosidase may play a role in pathogenicity.
Abortion: correct application of natural law theory.

The common moral principle to decide life difficult situations is found in natural law. It is known as the principle of double effect.
Effect of Stigmatic Exudate Injected into the Stylar Canal on Compatible and Incompatible Pollen Tube Growth in Lilium longiflorum Thunb.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effect of stigmatic exudate injected into the stylar canal on compatible and incompatible pollen tube growth in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. In self-incompatible, hollow-styled L. longiflorum, stylar exudate might also be the vehicle of transfer of the stylar self-incompatibility substances to the pollen tubes. In a study, flowers were cut one day after anthesis and placed in water in the laboratory for collection of stigmatic exudate. The effect of stigmatic exudate in the stylar canal on pollen tube growth per se was tested by injecting exudates from the same cultivar as the style and self- or cross-pollinating. The stigmatic exudates injected into the stylar canal of L. longiflorum before pollination significantly increased the length that compatible and incompatible pollen tubes grew in 48 h. An effective carrier of exogenous substances into the style would be most useful in the study of pollen tube growth and the self-incompatibility reaction.
Conference Summary: Asteroids

The title of this paper is misleading on two counts. First, I do not intend to give a uniform summary of the conference, since that can be had by reading the abstracts of the papers in this volume. Instead I will give a personal perspective of the highlights and, to me, the “lowlights” of the conference. Secondly, because the boundaries between asteroids, comets, and meteors are diminishing to the point of vanishing, I shall feel free to comment on papers that you may regard as dealing with “comets” or “meteors”, as well as those relating primarily to “asteroids”.
Public health's social contract: An obstacle in the advancement of effective HIV technologies.

ABSTRACTEvidence from the past 40 years of HIV technology development and implementation indicates that the public health social contract – with its expectations of patient/citizen compliance – has...
What Impacts Leisure Activity and Diet among Immigrants? Mexican Immigrants’ Leisure Participation and Food Patterns in the Midwestern U.S.

High obesity rates and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among Latinos make preservation of healthy traditional dietary practices an important public health issue in the United States. This...
Salivary cortisol levels as a biomarker for severity of withdrawal in opioid-exposed newborns.

Background Scoring tools used to quantify withdrawal in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are often confounded by subjective measurements. This study assessed salivary cortisol as an objective biomarker of withdrawal severity in opioid-exposed newborns. Methods A prospective study was conducted in 25 full-term opioid-exposed newborns monitored for NAS. Morning and evening salivary cortisol levels were collected starting within 48 h post birth until initiation of pharmacologic treatment for withdrawal (Pre-Treatment) or when the infant was discharged without pharmacotherapy (No Treatment). Results Cortisol levels in the Pre-Treatment group (n = 11) were significantly higher within the first week of life (median 1.74 µg/dl) than in the No Treatment group (n = 11; median 0.72 µg/dl; P = 0.003); three infants had inadequate saliva volume for cortisol assay. Cortisol significantly decreased after 72 h post birth among infants discharged without pharmacotherapy (≤72 h median 1.25 µg/dl; ≥72 h median 0.58 µg/dl; P = 0.022), whereas cortisol remained elevated for infants subsequently treated for severity of withdrawal. No cortisol circadian rhythm was observed for either group. Conclusions Salivary cortisol in opioid-exposed newborns may provide an index of stress and help identify infants who will have more severe clinical presentation of NAS. Such a biomarker would allow risk stratification for early treatment and discharge decisions.
Rapid Detection of Fungicide Resistance Phenotypes Among Populations of Nothopassalora personata in South Carolina Peanut Fields

We evaluated the occurrence of fungicide resistance phenotypes in populations of Nothopassalora personata, the causal agent of late leaf spot (LLS), sampled from South Carolina peanut fields in 201...