cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probing the Iron−Substrate Orientation for Taurine/α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase Using Deuterium Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation Spectroscopy†

The structural relationship between substrate taurine and the non-heme Fe(II) center of taurine/alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) dioxygenase (TauD) was measured using electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy. Studies were conducted on TauD samples treated with NO, cosubstrate alphaKG, and either protonated or specifically deuterated taurine. Stimulated echo ESEEM data were divided to eliminate interference from 1H and 14N modulations and accentuate modulations from 2H. For taurine that was deuterated at the C1 position (adjacent to the sulfonate group), 2H ESEEM spectra show features that arise from dipole-dipole and deuterium nuclear quadrupole interactions from a single deuteron. Parallel measurements taken for taurine deuterated at both C1 and C2 show an additional ESEEM feature at the deuterium Larmor frequency. Analysis of these data at field positions ranging from g = 4 to g = 2 have allowed us to define the orientation of substrate taurine with respect to the magnetic axes of the Fe(II)-NO, S = 3/2, paramagnetic center. These results are discussed in terms of previous X-ray crystallographic studies and the proposed catalytic mechanism for this family of enzymes.
Calculating a stepwise ridge regression

Although methods for using ordinary least squares regression computer programs to calculate a ridge regression are available, the calculation of a stepwise ridge regression requires a special purpose algorithm and computer program. The correct stepwise ridge regression procedure is given, and a parallel computer program is described.
Corporal punishment: a discussion of the debate

Abstract The use of corporal punishment (CP) is controversial. Many believe that physical punishment, when used appropriately, can be an effective form of discipline, despite the studies which show CP to be associated with unwanted behavioural outcomes. This article summarises the debate around CP, particularly focusing on two aspects of the debate often ignored; the importance of the interaction between parent and child and cultural aspects of discipline.
Social factors in exaggerated eating behavior among high school students

Various stereotypes and cultural influences said to be associated with eating disorders were examined in a nonclinical population. The Eating Attitudes Test, The Family Functioning Scale, and a background questionnaire were administered to high school students (N = 284). Sex, frequency of contact with peers concerning dieting, involvement in activities associated with a specific body type, and poor school achievement were found to predict attitudes and behaviors associated with eating disorders. The impact of social influence was discussed with implications for intervention.
Application of neural networks to the adaptive routing control and traffic estimation of survivable wireless communication networks

Problems of estimating and optimizing the behavior of wireless networks, based on the structure of a general stochastic model of the network's discrete-event dynamics, lead to mathematically correct, yet computationally intractable, backward recursive conditions defining the stochastic filter of network state and the optimal routing controls. The structure of the stochastic model of network dynamics, reflected in these recursive conditions, strongly parallels the recursive structure found in backpropagation (BP) neural networks. This structural resemblance has suggested the use of variations of the BP approach to compute solutions to the recursive mathematical conditions. Since the structure of the network model is not, in general, feedforward, three variations of recurrent BP algorithms are proposed to solve a partitioned version of the defining filter and optimality conditions. Foreknowledge of the random characteristics of a given network model further suggest which BP technique is appropriate to the application.
Review of Noninvasive Imaging for Hypertrophic Cardiac Syndromes and Restrictive Physiology

Restrictive cardiac pathophysiology is characterized by functional impairment of the left ventricular (LV) diastole with preservation of systolic function. Diastolic dysfunction manifests when a small increase in LV volume causes an abrupt rise in LV pressure, leading in turn to elevation in left atrial pressures and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Various degrees of restrictive pathophysiology may be seen in clinical conditions involving the pericardium, myocardium, or endocardium, making it a challenge to differentiate these conditions on clinical grounds alone. This article reviews the noninvasive imaging modalities and methodologies that have emerged to aid the clinician in the definitive diagnosis and differentiation of hypertrophic cardiac syndromes.
Environmental influences on the docosahexaenoate content of the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine of a heterotrophic, marine dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii.

The heterotrophic, marine dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium, ohnii, biosynthesized only one polyunsaturated fatty acid in an amount greater that 1% of its total fatty acids; all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 (n−3). In fermentor cultures gassed with air, the major neutral lipid fraction, triacylglycerols (44% of neutral lipids), contained: 22:6 (n−3) 25%, 18:1 (n−9) 13%, 16:1 1%, 14:1 < 1%, 18:0 1%, 16:0 25%, 14:0 28%, 12:06%, 10.01%. The major polar lipid fraction, phosphatidylcholine (79% of polar lipids), contained 22:6 (n−3) 66%, 22:5 (n−3) < 1% 18:1 (n−9) 2%, 18:0 4%, 16:0 18%, 14:0 9%. Gassing with N2 caused a rapid and marked elevation of 12:0 and 14:0, and to a lesser extent 10:0 and 18:0, and a depression of 22:6 (n−3), 18:1 (n−9), 16:0 and 16:1 in triacylglycerols. Variations in temperature and in salinity caused only minor compositional changes in triacylglycerols. None of the environmental perturbations significantly changed the fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine. This remarkable constancy may reflect transacylation enzyme specificities, steric restraints on the introduction of shorter, saturated fatty acids into the 22:6-rich phosphatidylcholine and or limitations on changes in the conformation of phosphatidylcholine associated with its membrane functions.
A rectifier-free piezoelectric energy harvester circuit

Although the benefits of incorporating noninvasive intelligence (e.g. wireless micro-sensors) to state-of-the-art and difficult-to-replace technologies are undeniable, micro-scale integration constrains energy and power to the point lifetime and functionality fall below practical expectations, forcing technologists to seek energy and power from the surrounding environment. To this end, a piezoelectric energy harvester circuit is proposed. The 2µm CMOS design circumvents the need for (and losses and low-voltage restrictions associated with) a rectifier by extracting and transferring energy directly from the piezoelectric transducer to the battery via a switched inductor. Simulation results show that the proposed system can harvest 45nJ and 10nJ per period at 71% and 69% efficiency from 3V and 1.5V peak piezoelectric voltages, respectively.
Spectral snow reflectance models for grain size and liquid water fraction in melting snow for the solar reflected spectrum

Two spectral snow-reflectance models that account for the effects of grain-size and liquid-water fraction are described and initialvalidation resultspresented. Themodelsarebaseduponthespectralcomplexrefractiveindexofliquidwaterandicein the region from 400 to 2500 nm. Mie scattering calculations are used to specify the essential optical properties of snow in the models.Two approaches are explored to model the effect of liquid water in the snow.The first accounts for the liquid water as separate spheres interspersed with ice spheres inthe snow layer.The second accounts fortheliquid water as coatings on ice grains in the snow layer. A discrete-ordinate radiative transfer code is used to model the spectral reflectance of the snow for the Mie-calculated optical properties. Both the interspersed- and coated-sphere models show that the snow-absorp- tion feature at1030nm shiftsto shorter wavelength asthe liquid-watercontent increased. The expression of these shifts is different for the two models. A comparison of the models witha spectralmeasurementof frozenand melting snow showsbetteragreement withthe coated-sphere model. A spectral fitting algorithm was developed and tested with the coated-spheremodelto derivethe grain-sizeand liquid-water fraction from snow spectral reflectance measurements. Consistentvaluesof grain-sizeandliquidwater wereretrieved from the measured snow spectra.This research demonstrates the use of spectral models and spectral measurements to derive surface snow grain-size and liquid-water fraction. The results of this research may be extended to regional and greater scales using data acquired by airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers for contributions to energy balance and hydrological modeling.
pH changes associated with meiotic maturation in oocytes of Xenopus laevis

Abstract The pH-dependent control of the rate of protein synthesis in the fertilized sea urchin egg has suggested that pH may have an important role in cell activation at fertilization. We looked for similar changes of intracellular pH during meiotic maturation of the Xenopus oocyte. The basal pH of the oocyte is in the range 7.4–7.8. The higher values were found mostly in oocytes from animals with recent hormonal stimulation, suggesting a correlation with the elevated metabolism of such oocytes. Regardless of basal pH, progesterone-induced maturing oocytes alkalize an average of 0.18 pH unit. Beginning shortly before germinal vesicle breakdown, intracellular pH then decreases to near the original value. The same program is observed when maturation is induced by an injection of “maturation promoting factor.” Maturation is delayed or inhibited if intracellular pH is driven acidic. It is induced in the absence of progesterone by trimethylamine, a weak base which may act via an imposed alkalization. However, maturation still occurs when net alkalization is prevented. These data suggest that the alkalization during maturation is a form of metabolic “insurance” and that there may be both pH-dependent and pH-independent pathways for maturation. There is some evidence suggesting that pH changes are related to movement of other ions.
Quantum chemical studies of Li+ cation binding to polyalkyloxides

A quantum chemical study of the binding of Li+ cation to polyalkyloxides has been carried out. The lithium cation interaction with three polyalkyloxides (polyethylene oxide (PEO), polytrimethylene oxide (PTMO), and polypropylene oxide (PPO)) has been investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory at the HF/6-31G∗ level with molecular models for the polymers. Coordination by one to six oxygens was considered. In addition, higher level calculations were carried out using G3(MP2) theory for coordination of Li+ by one oxygen. For coordination of lithium by one oxygen, the binding energy ordering is PTMO>PPO>PEO, with PTMO having the largest lithium cation affinity. The same ordering is found for larger coordination numbers with the exception of coordination by six oxygens, where the ordering changes due to the steric interactions.
Elemental composition and water content of myelinated axons and glial cells in rat central nervous system.

Abstract The distribution of elements (e.g. Na, Cl, K) and water in CNS cells is unknown. Therefore, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) was used to measure water content and concentrations (mmol/kg dry or wet weight) of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca in morphological compartments of myelinated axons and glial cells from rat optic nerve and cervical spinal cord white matter. Axons in both CNS regions exhibited similar water content (∼ 90%), and relatively high concentrations (wet and dry weight) of K with low Na and Ca levels. The K content of axons was related to diameter, i.e. small axons in spinal cord and optic nerve had significantly less (25–50%) K than larger diameter axons from the same CNS region. The elemental composition of spinal cord mitochondria was similar to corresponding axoplasm, whereas the water content (75%) of these organelles was substantially lower than that of axoplasm. In glial cell cytoplasm of both CNS areas, P and K (wet and dry weight) were the most abundant elements and water content was approximately 75%. CNS myelin had predominantly high P levels and the lowest water content (33–55%) of any compartment measured. The results of this study demonstrate that each morphological compartment of CNS axons and glia exhibits a characteristic elemental composition and water content which might be related to the structure and function of that neuronal region.
A within-subject analysis of d-amphetamine exposure on delay discounting in rats

Abstract Studies concerning the relation between stimulant drug exposure and subsequent delay discounting (impulsive choice) have resulted in mixed findings that could be related to the type of stimulant drug exposure or the use of between-subject comparisons. The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of prior d -amphetamine exposure on subsequent delay discounting using a within-subject assessment. Two groups of rats were trained under a discrete-trials choice procedure until delay discounting was stable. One group of rats then received repeated administration of 3.0 mg/kg d -amphetamine in their home cage for 14 consecutive days, while the other group received saline. After a three-week drug-free period, delay discounting was reassessed. No significant differences in area under the curve within (before or after drug exposure) or between (saline or d -amphetamine) groups were found. Thus, delay discounting was not systematically affected following termination of repeated 3.0 mg/kg d -amphetamine exposure in the present experimental arrangement. The current results, coupled with past research, indicate that there may be a distinction between cocaine exposure and d -amphetamine exposure on subsequent delay discounting; however, within-subject comparisons of cocaine exposure on delay discounting are warranted.
Structural optimization of high speed prop rotors including aeroelastic stability constraints

An optimization procedure is developed to address the problem of aeroelastic stability of high speed prop-rotor aircraft. A composite box beam is used as a perturbational stiffness model and the objective function to be minimized is the perturbational weight. An optimization algorithm, which used the method of feasible directions, is coupled with a hybrid approximate analysis to reduce the computational expense of exact analyses for every function evaluation. The results, compared to a reference rotor which is unstable in both hover and high speed cruise, show significant improvements in the aeroelastic stability without large weight penalties.
Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normoprolactinemic patients with ovulatory dysfunction and its use for selection of candidates for bromocriptine therapy.

It has been suggested in the past that some normoprolactinemic patients with amenorrhea or infertility respond to treatment with bromocriptine. However, the beneficial effect of this therapy in normoprolactinemic women remains controversial. Some authors have suggested that the responders suffer with “reactive” hyperprolactinemia and that this may be detected with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. In this study, we performed TRH stimulation tests in 538 patients with ovulatory dysfunction. Only those patients showing a peak prolactin response after TRH which exceeded 40 ng/ml were treated with bromocriptine. A direct correlation between peak prolactin level after TRH and a favorable response to treatment was observed. Serum testosterone and DHEA-sulfate levels did not correlate with prolactin response to TRH. A majority of patients with prolactin hyperresponse to TRH did not show a hyperresponse of TSH to TRH. This study suggests that incidence of beneficial response to bromocriptine therapy in normoprolactinemic women with ovulatory dysfunction is significantly higher in subjects exhibiting excessive prolactin response to TRH stimulation.
Optimization of fishing vessels using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Abstract A fishing boat hull is used as an example of how hull form optimization can be accomplished using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). The particular MOGA developed during this study allows automatic selection of a few Pareto Optimal results for examination by the designers while searching the complete Pareto Front. The optimization uses three performance indices for resistance, seakeeping and stability to modify the hull shape to obtain optimal hull offsets as well as optimal values for the principal parameters of length, beam and draft. The modification of the 148/1-B fishing boat hull, the parent hull form of the Istanbul Technical University (ITU) series of fishing boats, is presented by first fixing the principal parameters and allowing the hull offsets to change, and secondly by simultaneously allowing variation of both the principal parameters and the hull offsets. Improvements in all three objectives were found. For further research the methodology can be modified to allow for the addition of other performance objectives, such as cost or specific mission objectives, as well as the use of enhanced performance prediction solvers. In addition, one or more hulls could be evaluated by experiment to validate the results of using this particular optimization approach.
Minimax Designs for Finite Design Regions

The problem of choosing a design that is representative of a finite candidate set is an important problem in computer experiments. The minimax criterion measures the degree of representativeness because it is the maximum distance of a candidate point to the design. This article proposes a method for finding minimax designs for finite design regions. We establish the relationship between minimax designs and the classical set covering location problem (SCLP) in operations research, which is a binary linear program. In particular, we prove that the set of minimax distances is the set of discontinuities of the function that maps the covering radius to the optimal objective function value. We show that solving the SCLP at the points of discontinuities, which can be determined, gives minimax designs. These results are employed to design an efficient procedure for finding minimax designs for small-sized candidate sets. A heuristic procedure is proposed to generate near-minimax designs for large candidate sets. S...
Irrigation water issues potentially related to the 2006 multistate E. coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with spinach

Abstract A multistate Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in August and September 2006 was found to be associated with consumption of fresh bagged spinach traced to California. The California Food Emergency Response Team (CALFERT), consisting of personnel from the California Department of Public Health Food and Drug Branch (FDB) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) undertook an environmental investigation to determine how and why the spinach became contaminated. At the invitation of FDA and FDB, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also participated in the environmental investigation. This paper presents findings from the portion of the environmental investigation focusing on environmental factors related to irrigation water that may have contributed to contamination of the spinach and hence to the outbreak. Analysis of the available data suggests that depths to groundwater and groundwater–surface water interactions may pose risks to ready-to-eat crops. These risks should be further evaluated and quantified to understand and identify the factors that contributed to this and similar outbreaks. One implication of this analysis is the need to continue to conceptually broaden the scope of produce-related outbreak investigations. Where feasible, investigation strategies should integrate possible contamination sources beyond those actually found on the farms that are identified as sources of produce involved in outbreaks.
Nonadditive entropy Sq and nonextensive statistical mechanics: Applications in geophysics and elsewhere

The celebrated Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) entropy, S BG = −kΣ i p i ln p i , and associated statistical mechanics are essentially based on hypotheses such as ergodicity, i.e., when ensemble averages coincide with time averages. This dynamical simplification occurs in classical systems (and quantum counterparts) whose microscopic evolution is governed by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). Under such circumstances, relevant microscopic variables behave, from the probabilistic viewpoint, as (nearly) independent. Many phenomena exist, however, in natural, artificial and social systems (geophysics, astrophysics, biophysics, economics, and others) that violate ergodicity. To cover a (possibly) wide class of such systems, a generalization (nonextensive statistical mechanics) of the BG theory was proposed in 1988. This theory is based on nonadditive entropies such as $$S_q = k\frac{{1 - \sum\nolimits_i {p_i^q } }} {{q - 1}}\left( {S_1 = S_{BG} } \right)$$ . Here we comment some central aspects of this theory, and briefly review typical predictions, verifications and applications in geophysics and elsewhere, as illustrated through theoretical, experimental, observational, and computational results.
Applying the spiral model: A case study in small project management

The need for new development processes becomes apparent as the complexity and cost of developing software systems increase. Many processes have evolved that attempt to improve upon the weaknesses of the traditional waterfall model. One such process is Barry Boehm's spiral model of software development. This risk-driven process uses prototyping and customer evaluation to address problems associated with defining system requirements and incorporating improved design alternatives. This paper describes an application of the spiral model used by a team of software engineering graduate students at Texas Christian University (TCU). The team used this process as part of a two semester software engineering course in which a communications simulator was built. As previous discussions of spiral model implementations have focused on large projects, this discussion will focus on applying the model in a small project setting and will offer refinements to the model at large. This paper discusses methods for handling product specifications and milestones in the spiral model and discusses why and how the model was used. Difficulties with applying the spiral model are presented along with conclusions drawn from the experience. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Gauthier-Villars
Induction of Positive Cooperativity by Amino Acid Replacements within the C-terminal Domain of Penicillium chrysogenum ATP Sulfurylase

ATP sulfurylase from Penicillium chrysogenum is an allosteric enzyme in which Cys-509 is critical for maintaining the R state. Cys-509 is located in a C-terminal domain that is 42% identical to the conserved core of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (adenylylsulfate) (APS) kinase. This domain is believed to provide the binding site for the allosteric effector, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Replacement of Cys-509 with either Tyr or Ser destabilizes the R state, resulting in an enzyme that is intrinsically cooperative at pH 8 in the absence of PAPS. The kinetics of C509Y resemble those of the wild type enzyme in which Cys-509 has been covalently modified. The kinetics of C509S resemble those of the wild type enzyme in the presence of PAPS. It is likely that the negative charge on the Cys-509 side chain helps to stabilize the R state. Treatment of the enzyme with a low level of trypsin results in cleavage at Lys-527, a residue that lies in a region analogous to a PAPS motif-containing mobile loop of true APS kinase. Both mutant enzymes were cleaved more rapidly than the wild type enzyme, suggesting that movement of the mobile loop occurs during the R to T transition.
High-Brightness Photoemitier Injector for Electron Accelerators

A free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator, driven by an rf linac, requires a train of electron bunches delivered to an undulator. The electron-beam brightness requirement exceeds that available from a conventional buncher. The demonstrated high peak brightness of laser-illuminated photoemitters indicates that the conventional buncher system might be eliminated entirely without the usual large loss in beam brightness that occurs in bunchers. A photoemitter with a current density of about 200 A/cm2 is located on an end wall of an rf cavity to accelerate a 60-ps bunch of electrons to 1 MeV as rapidly as possible. Preliminary experimental work and simulation calculations are presented.
Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Delinquent Peer Association and Delinquency in Adolescence

Delinquent peer association and criminal/delinquent behaviors are highly intertwined. The directionality and mechanisms underlying this relationship, however, have been debated in the literature for decades. The current study seeks to further inform this debate by examining whether individual differences at the level of the genome can help to explain the association between delinquent peer affiliation and delinquency. Using the twin and full-sibling subsample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), behavioral genetic methodology is used to examine whether delinquent peer affiliation and delinquency in adolescence covary as the result of common genetic factors. Results indicate that delinquent peer association and delinquency are moderately influenced by additive genetic factors, and that common genes are in fact influencing the covariance between the two outcomes. The importance of incorporating genetic explanations into traditional theories of delinquency is discussed.
Serum osmolal gap and ethanol concentration: a simple and accurate formula.

The estimation of serum ethanol concentration by measurement of serum osmolality has been re-evaluated. A formula for calculation of serum osmolality was first validated in 193 patients who had not ingested ethanol. The mean difference between measured and calculated osmolality ("osmolal gap") was 1.5 mOsm/Kg +/- 5.3 mOsm/Kg (1 S.D.). In 37 sera from 35 patients who had ingested ethanol, the osmolal gap was highly correlated with measured serum ethanol (r = 0.994). The serum ethanol (mmol/L) was related to osmolal gap (mOsm/Kg) by the formula: Ethanol = 0.83 X osmolal gap. The factor 0.83 indicated that the behavior of ethanol in serum did not conform to that expected from ideal solutions. This equation accurately predicted serum ethanol in 32 additional samples (r = 0.988). We propose that the formula above be used in place of those that have been previously proposed. The previous formulas involved unwarranted assumptions of ideality and had not been experimentally derived from studies of ethanol in serum.
Serotonin Neuron Diversity in the Dorsal Raphe

The dorsal raphe nucleus contains one of the largest groups of serotonergic neurons in the mammalian brain and is the main site of origin of the serotonergic projection to the cerebral cortex. Early electrophysiological studies suggested that serotonergic neurons in this cell group formed a homogeneous cell class. More recent studies however have reported heterogeneity among the core anatomical and electrophysiological properties of these neurons, thus raising the possibility that serotonergic neurons of this cell group may form two or more distinct cell classes. In this Viewpoint, we review these findings and suggest ways to look at cellular heterogeneity among serotonergic neurons.
KINETICS OF NO, ABSORPTION IN CALCINED LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE

(1982). KINETICS OF NO, ABSORPTION IN CALCINED LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 18, No. 1-4, pp. 107-119.
A current-comparator-based system for calibrating high voltage conventional and non-conventional current transformers under actual operating conditions of high voltage and distorted current waveforms up to 100 kV and 2000 A

The development of a current-comparator-based calibration system to evaluate the current ratio errors of high voltage conventional/non-conventional current transformers, under actual operating conditions of high voltage and distorted current waveforms, up to 100 kV and 2000 A will be presented. The importance and critical need of such calibration system will be described.
Impact of Parent-Child Communication Interventions on Sex Behaviors and Cognitive Outcomes for Black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino Youth: A Systematic Review, 1988–2012

Abstract Purpose We reviewed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI)- behavioral interventions implemented with disproportionately affected black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino youth and designed to improve parent-child communications about sex. We compared their effectiveness in improving sex-related behavior or cognitive outcomes. Methods A search of electronic databases identified peer-reviewed studies published between 1988 and 2012. Eligible studies were U.S.-based parent-child communication interventions with active parent components, experimental and quasiexperimental designs, measurement of youth sexual health outcomes, and enrollment of ≥50% black/African-American or Hispanic/Latino youth. We conducted systematic, primary reviews of eligible papers to abstract data on study characteristics and youth outcomes. Results Fifteen studies evaluating 14 interventions were eligible. Although youth outcome measures and follow-up times varied, 13 of 15 studies (87%) showed at least one significantly improved youth sexual health outcome compared with controls ( p Conclusions Parent-child communication interventions that include parents of youth disproportionately affected by HIV/STIs can effectively reduce sexual risk for youth. These interventions may help reduce HIV/STI-related health disparities and improve sexual health outcomes.
Partial-wave analysis of the reaction π N → π π N in the c.m energy range 1300-2000 MeV

Author(s): Herndon, D.J.; Longacre, R.; Miller, L.R.; Rosenfeld, A.H.; Smadja, O.; Soding, P.; Cashmore, R.J.; Leith, D.W.G.S.
Synthesis of the Cores of Hypocrellin and Shiraiachrome: Diastereoselective 1,8-Diketone Aldol Cyclization

Intramolecular 1,8-diketone aldol reactions were studied as a tool for the construction of the seven-membered rings of hypocrellin and shiraiachrome. Conditions were identified to obtain the relative stereochemistries present in the two natural products with excellent diastereoselectivity. In addition, a nine-membered ring congener, which has yet to be observed in nature, formed with high selectivity when a hindered amine was used in conjunction with silazide bases.
RECALL OF TEMPORALLY COMPRESSED AUDITORY AND VISUAL INFORMATION

100 Ss were presented with auditory and visual lists at rates from 180 to 360 words per min. After each list they were asked to recall as many of the words as possible. At lower rates, recall from auditory stimulation was superior to visual but this reversed at higher rates. Percentage of correct recall from either modality was shown to be a decreasing linear function of percentage compression of the stimuli. Ss imported significantly more incorrect words after auditory lists, regardless of amount of compression.
Perceived surface shape not features determines correspondence strength in apparent motion

Abstract Previous psychophysical studies have revealed that shape similarity can affect apparent motion correspondence. Such results however, do not specify the level of representation, at which shape similarity is defined. We sought to understand this question by using a 2 × 2 competitive apparent motion paradigm. We manipulated the binocular disparity of the motion stimuli (tokens) relative to adjacent squares to selectively change the internal surface representation of the tokens while keeping early filtered representation intact. When two sets of differently oriented tokens (45°, −45° bars) were used, there was a preference for seeing motion between tokens having the same orientation. However, such a motion bias was reduced when tokens became part of a large surface square seen either as amodally occluded in the background or as a transparent surface modally completed in front. Since shape differences at the early filtering level remain essentially intact (i.e. +45° vs −45°) our findings support the surface level hypothesis. Perceived surface shape rather than shape defined by early filters largely determines motion correspondence.
Direct evidence for the protonation of aspartate-75, proposed to be at a quinol binding site, upon reduction of cytochrome bo3 from Escherichia coli.

Aspartate-75 (D75) was recently suggested to participate in a ubiquinone-binding site in subunit I of cytochrome bo(3) from Escherichia coli on the basis of a structural model [Abramson, J., Riistama, S., Larsson, G., Jasaitis, A., Svensson-Ek, M., Laakkonen, L., Puustinen, A., Iwata, S., and Wikstrom, M. (2000) Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (10), 910-917]. We studied the protonation state of D75 for the reduced and oxidized forms of the enzyme, using a combined site-directed mutagenesis, electrochemical, and FTIR spectroscopic approach. The D75H mutant is catalytically inactive, whereas the more conservative D75E substitution has quinol oxidase activity equal to that of the wild-type enzyme. Electrochemically induced FTIR difference spectra of the inactive D75H mutant enzyme show a clear decrease in the spectroscopic region characteristic of protonated aspartates and glutamates. Strong variations in the amide I region of the FTIR difference spectrum, however, reflect a more general perturbation due to this mutation of both the protein and the bound quinone. Electrochemically induced FTIR difference spectra on the highly conservative D75E mutant enzyme show a shift from 1734 to 1750 cm(-1) in direct comparison to wild type. After H/D exchange, the mode at 1750 cm(-1) shifts to 1735 cm(-1). These modes, concomitant with the reduced state of the enzyme, can be assigned to the nu(C=O) vibrational mode of protonated D75 and E75, respectively. In the spectroscopic region where signals for deprotonated acidic groups are expected, band shifts for the nu(COO(-))(s/as) modes from 1563 to 1554-1539 cm(-1) and from 1315 to 1336 cm(-1), respectively, are found for the oxidized enzyme. These signals indicate that D75 (or E75 in the mutant) is deprotonated in the oxidized form of cytochrome bo(3) and is protonated upon full reduction of the enzyme. It is suggested that upon reduction of the bound ubiquinone at the high affinity site, D75 takes up a proton, possibly sharing it with ubiquinol.
Intrauterine position effects in female swine: subsequent reproductive performance, and social and sexual behavior.

Uterine position, relative to the sex of adjacent fetuses, is known to affect the subsequent behavior and reproductive performance of rodents. This experiment was designed to determine if similar effects are present in female swine. Donor sows were slaughtered at Day 112 of gestation, the uteri removed and piglets delivered manually. Uterine position was recorded for each pig as between 2 females (0M, n=16), between a male and a female (1M, n=25) or between 2 male fetuses (2M, n=17). Females were reared in heterosexual littermate groups until 120 days and thereafter in unisexual groups of six. Females were checked twice daily for estrus using a mature boar beginning on Day 175. 2M females tended (P<0.15) to reach puberty sooner (187 days) than 0M (192 days) and 1M (194 days). The length of the estrous cycle and ovulation rates did not differ among groups over the first three estrous cycles. Duration of receptivity was similar among groups until the third estrus when the duration of standing heat was shorter for 2M females, both when measured in the presence (2.8, 2.7 and 2.1 days for 0M, 1M and 2M, respectively; P<0.10) and the absence of the male (2.1, 1.3 and 0.9 days for 0M, 1M and 2M, respectively; P<0.01). When in their home pen, 0M females received the fewest mounts from pen mates (P<0.01), but mounted most often. There were no differences in the frequency of anogenital sniffing or rooting the sides of pen mates. The frequency of agonistic activity was similar among groups, however 0M females participated in fewer fights (χ2=5.2, P<0.10) and won fewer than expected by chance (05; χ2=6.0, P<0.05). Twenty gilts (n=8, 5 and 7 for 0M, 1M and 2M gilts, respectively) were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol benzoate. When tested in the boar's absence, the proportion of females showing a positive response to back pressure and the duration of this response was greater for 2M females (P<0.005). Relative attractivity was tested by allowing the boar simultaneous fenceline access to 0M–2M gilt dyads. When matched for stage of receptivity, 0M and 2M gilts were equally attractive. The results indicate that prenatal intrauterine position has little effect on adult agonistic behavior, length of the estrous cycle and ovulation rate, but may affect the subsequent sexual behavior of female swine.
Factors underlying neuropsychological test performance in chronic severe traumatic brain injury.

The neuropsychological test performance of subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) of the closed head type was investigated using a test battery consisting of traditional clinical instruments wi...
Unpriming or strategizing? A critique of Sparrow and Wegner.

When asked to randomly select answer choices on easy multiple choice questions, people select more correct answers than expected by chance. Sparrow and Wegner showed that this tendency was eliminated if participants answered questions correctly before answering randomly. They argued that answering a question correctly unprimes the tendency to choose the correct answer, thereby reducing the correct response rate close to the chance level of.5. An alternative explanation, consistent with these results, is that answering questions correctly provides a baseline, which allows participants to strategize, i.e., to match and mismatch equal numbers of their purportedly random responses to the baseline response. Three studies showed that the presence of a baseline, even when unpriming is not feasible, led to lower correct response rates than those obtained in a condition in which no baseline was available. Furthermore, the presence of a baseline led to more nonrandom sequences of correct and incorrect responses. One specific sequence–alternating correct and incorrect answers–mediated the relation between the presence of a baseline and lower correct response rate. These findings suggest that strategizing, not unpriming, accounts for Sparrow and Wegner’s results.
A Simplified Approach to Modeling Thermal Effects in Wet Clutch Engagement: Analytical and Experimental Comparison

The simplified isothermal model for wet clutch engagement previously developed by Berger, Sadeghi, and Krousgrill (1997a) was extended to include fluid thermal effects. The modified Reynolds and thermal diffusion equations were simultaneously solved to obtain torque and temperature characteristics during wet clutch engagement. The modified Reynolds equation was integrated using the Adams-Gear scheme and the alternating direction implicit method (ADI) finite difference technique was used to solve the thermal diffusion equation. The model was used to study the effects of speed, temperature, and load on the torque transfer and lubricant temperature variation during wet clutch engagement. A comparison of thermal and isothermal results indicates that the thermal model generally predicts a longer engagement time and smaller peak torque than the isothermal model. Comparison of analytical and experimental results indicates that including fluid thermal effects in the model is critical for achieving good correlation between analytical and experimental results.
Alterations of high molecular weight nuclear RNA following kidney storage

Abstract The integrity of nuclear RNA was determined after storage of mouse kidneys. Intraperitoneal 3H-uridine was used to label (30 min) the heterogeneous high molecular weight RNA and ribosomal precursor RNA. The molecular weight distribution of the RNA was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Warm ischemia, 60 min at 37°C, resulted in a decrease in the percentage of labeled RNA in the region greater than 45S and the 45S species. The redistribution of the RNA species was not as striking if the kidney was in Collins' solution rather than saline. Additionally, after ischemia there was an increase in label of 32S, 28S, and 18S RNA species. There was no change in the 36S RNA. Storage at 0° for 48 hr in saline produced lower molecular weight products of degradation but no changes in the distribution of the large molcular weight species. Cold storage in Collins' solution prevented this breakdown of labeled RNA. Alterations of the nuclear RNA represented both normal processing and degradation of RNA.
From Filial Piety to Religious Piety: Evangelical Christianity Reconstructing Taiwanese Immigrant Families in the United States

While current scholarship suggests that immigrant religion reproduces ethnic traditions, this article suggests that religion can also challenge and transform ethnic traditions. Like other immigrants from Confucian cultures, Taiwanese immigrants find that their Confucian family traditions are difficult to maintain in the United States. The immigrant church is an important community institution that offers new models of parenting and family life. This article discusses how through the influence of evangelical Christianity, the immigrant church reconstructs Taiwanese immigrant families by (i) shifting the moral vocabulary of the family from one of filial duty to religious discipleship; (ii) democratizing relationships between parents and children; and (iii) consecrating the individuality and autonomy of children. These new models of family life both reproduce and alter Taiwanese traditions in the United States. Religion mediates and shapes immigrant cultural assimilation to the United States.
The nucleotide sequence adjoining the 3′ end of the genes coding for oocyte-type 5 S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus

Abstract A partial nucleotide sequence has been obtained for the DNA adjacent to the 3′ end of the gene coding for oocyte-specific 5 S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri . The 5 S RNA was hybridized to the isolated DNA strand that codes for it, and used as a primer for DNA synthesis by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Short, ribo-substituted extension fragments were synthesized and sequenced. The sequence of X. laevis 5 S DNA complementary to the sense strand is 5′ 5S RNA 3′ T-T-C-A-A-A-G-T. The X. mulleri spacer is heterogeneous in sequence within this region containing the sequences following the gene T-T-A/C-G (N), where N includes T, A and C and possibly G. We suggest that sequences important for the termination of RNA synthesis are likely to be conserved between the two Xenopus species. If this is true, then part of this termination signal may include the two 3′ terminal nucleotides of the gene itself and the first adjacent two nucleotides in the spacer: (gene) 5′ T-T-T-T A-A-A-A 3′ (spacer). The nucleotide sequence adjacent to the 3′ end of the 5 S RNA gene within X. laevis 5 S DNA resembles the approximately 15 nucleotide long reiterated sequences which comprise most of the (A + T)-rich spacer region.
Cation exchange chromatography of human pituitary thyrotropic activity.

Abstract About 100 U.S.P. milliunits of thyrotropic activity of crude human pituitary preparations was adsorbed quantitatively from 0.005 M sodium phosphate buffers onto columns of Amberlite IRC-50 at pH 7.3–7.9 or carboxymethylcellulose at pH 5.9–6.9 and was eluted completely with 1 M NaCl or CaCl2 or gradients to 1 M or 2 M NaCl. In these respects, the behavior was in agreement with that reported for bovine preparations.
Multilabeling biomolecules at a single site. 1. Synthesis and characterization of a dendritic label for electrochemiluminescence assays.

Ultrasensitive bioanalytical assays are of great value for early detection of human diseases and pathogens. The sensitivities of immunoassays and DNA probing can be enhanced by multilabeling the biorecognition partner used for affinity-based assays. However, the bioreactivity of biomolecules is affected by a high degree of multilabeling at multiple functional sites. It is proposed that dendritic scaffoldings be used to link multiple signal-generating units to a single site with potentially minimum impact on the bioaffinity. A prototype label, a zeroth-generation dendron, bearing three [Ru(bpy)3]2+ units for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays was synthesized and characterized preliminarily by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and ECL methods. No evidence of interaction between the neighboring [Ru(bpy)3]2+ units in the label molecule was found from these characterizations. Both the photoluminescence and ECL of the prototype label have features very similar to those of mononuclear [Ru(bpy)3]2+ compounds. La...
Influence of low molecular weight organic acids on zinc distribution within micronutrient pools and zinc uptake by wheat 1

Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four soil solution organic acids on the distribution of Zn within various soil micro nutrient pools and their influence on Zn uptake by wheat. L‐malic, malonic, oxalic, and succinic acids at four concentration levels, 0,10‐2 mol/L, 10‐3 mol/L, and 10‐4 mol/L were applied to pots growing wheat (Triticum aestivum) over a period of 10 weeks. A sequential Zn extraction technique was performed on the soil for each treatment, with the quantity amount of Zn in each fraction being determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Soil Zn fractions significantly affected by the organic acid treatments were the exchangeable, organic and Mn oxide fractions. An inverse relationship existed between Zn extracted from the exchangeable fraction and organic acid concentration for all acid treatments. Succinic and malonic acids at higher concentrations were the only treatments to be significantly higher in organic Zn compared to the control. All treatments ...
CONTAMINATION OF DONOR CORNEA BY GENTAMICIN-RESISTANT ORGANISMS

Cultures of the donor corneoscleral rims in 70 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties showed microbial contamination in 14 cases. All positive cultures were tested by standard microdilution broth method for sensitivities to gentamicin, an antibiotic routinely used in McCarey-Kaufman transport medium. Seven of 15 organisms demonstrated resistance to gentamicin at concentrations above 100 μg/ml. These results indicated the selection of more antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in antibiotic-supplemented medium and the need for appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of surgery.