cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling location specific real-time mobile applications

As cellular networks open up and foster the deployment of richer user-centric mobile services, we envision the evolution of a new class of services that involve significant mobile user collaboration for making the services realizable and rapidly deployable. Our position is grounded on the intuition that mobile devices that users carry can act as "powerful" sensors for diverse information about a specific location, and can aid in providing real-time updates to other interested users that are not present at the location. Realizing such services is, however, challenging due to the need for several mechanisms such as (a) incentives for participation from users and network providers, (b) location-specific data collection and delivery and (c) determining trust in users providing updates. These mechanisms become significantly more complex to realize with user mobility. Unifying these mechanisms, in this paper, we propose a framework FLORA that enables rapid evolution of location specific real-time services.
Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus popilliae spores in microscope slide culture

Abstract A novel slide-culture technique was used to study germination and outgrowth of Bacillus popilliae spores without disturbing the microenvironment. Infective spores formed in larvae required 24 hr to begin outgrowth, whereas noninfective spores from colonies initiated outgrowth in 12 hr. Dissolution of the paraspore coincided with outgrowth and not with germination of the attached spore. Germination and outgrowth were asynchronous events and required several days in all cell populations, except for free spores.
Temperature dependence of broadening and shifts of methane lines in the ν4 band

Abstract We have recorded high-resolution absorption spectra of methane broadened by dry air and by N 2 at temperatures from −63 to 41°C using a Fourier transform spectrometer. These spectra have been analyzed to determine pressure broadening and line-shift coefficients, along with their temperature dependences, for 148 lines in the ν 4 fundamental band of 12 CH 4 . The experimental uncertainties for lines with J ″≤10 are generally b 0 L , 6–12% for its temperature dependence exponent n , 6–20% for the line-shift coefficient δ 0 , and 20–40% for its temperature dependence coefficient δ′; for J ″> 10 the experimental uncertainties are somewhat larger. These results, especially for N 2 -broadening, are in excellent agreement with other recent measurements. Since the present results cover a wide range of rotational quantum numbers ( J ″ up to 14), the variation of the temperature dependence of the half-widths and shifts from line to line within the ν 4 band is also examined.
Parental behaviour in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). II. Parental interactions

Abstract Twelve pairs of Mongolian gerbils were observed raising 15 litters. Both parents performed parental activities. Within pairs, associations were found between the behaviours of the parents. If one parent was active outside the nest, the other was likely to be relatively inactive in the nest. These non-random behavioural associations existed even though overall activity tendencies of members of pairs were similar. As a consequence of these patterns of behaviour, the pups were seldom left unattended, and the adaptive significance of parental presence is discussed.
Data structure models for programming languages

This paper introduces a class of models (information structure models) for characterizing computations in terms of the data structures to which they give rise during execution, shows how such models can be used to characterize automata, digital computers and programming languages, considers in some detail the data structures generated during the execution of programs in block structure languages, develops a model for a non-block structure language (SNOBOL 4) and indicates how information structure models may be used in the semantic definition and formal characterization of programming languages. Sections 1 and 2 discuss the reasons for studying the relation between data structures and programming languages, section 3 introduces the notion of an information structure model and considers the classification of interpreters, and section 4 shows how automata, computers and programming languages may be characterized as sequential information structure models. Section 5 underlines the importance of introducing cells and references as semantic primitives of computational models. Section 6 develops models of implementation of block structure languages, section 7 considers the limitations of stack structure, and section 8 considers the hardware realization of block structure implementation of the Burroughs B6500. Section 9 develops an information structure model for the non-block structure language SNOBOL 4, while section 10 briefly discusses information structure models of language definition and the use of information structure models in proofs that programs have certain property. A final subsection considers the relative merits of axiomatic definition versus implementation-dependent definition of programming languages.
Regional specializations in the eye of Aplysia, a neuronal circadian oscillator

The eye of the opisthobranch mollusc, Aplysia californica, contains a neuronal circadian oscillator system as well as a photoreceptor system. The retina contains five classes of receptors, several of which are described for the first time in this paper, and two types of neurons. The most conspicuous photoreceptor has long microvilli and is densely packed with small vesicles. The other four receptor types bear both microvilli and cilia and lack densely packed vesicles. Because of their small size, these four receptors occupy only a small fraction of the retinal area, but numerically they account for about half of the receptors. There are marked differences between the dorsal and ventral portions of the eye of Aplysia. The optic nerve head and associated bundles of axons within the retina form a boundary between two anatomically distinct regions of the eye. The microvillous photoreceptor and one of the receptors bearing both microvilli and cilia are found throughout the eye. The other three receptor types are restricted to the region ventral to the optic nerve head. One type of neuron, which has been shown in other studies to produce compound action potentials whose frequency varies with a circadian rhythm, is also found only ventral to the optic nerve head and associated axon bundles. There are also marked regional variations in cellular dimensions. The rhabdom originating from the microvillous photoreceptors is thickest in the dorsal and central retina, and the cross-sectional areas of these photoreceptors are largest dorsally. The pigmented layer is also much thicker in the dorsal retina. No other molluscan eye has been reported to have as many receptor types as Aplysia, nor has restriction of a receptor or neuronal type to a limited area been described. Regional variations in cellular dimensions have been reported previously primarily in the advanced cephalopod eyes. The significance of these unusual features is discussed in relation to both the visual properties of the eye and the circadian oscillator it contains.
Introduction to the Special Issue: The Critical Role of a Strong Tier 2 System

The purpose of this special issue is to help schools better understand how they might get started with implementing a strong Tier 2 system within the context of a multitiered service delivery model...
An exact method for the stability analysis of time-delayed linear time-invariant (LTI) systems

A general class of linear time invariant systems with time delay is studied. Recently, they attracted considerable interest in the systems and control community. The complexity arises due to the exponential type transcendental terms in their characteristic equation. The transcendentality brings infinitely many characteristic roots, which are cumbersome to elaborate as evident from the literature. A number of methodologies have been suggested with limited ability to assess the stability in the parametric domain of time delay. This study offers an exact, structured and robust methodology to bring a closure to the question at hand. Ultimately we present a unique explicit analytical expression in terms of the system parameters which not only reveals the stability regions (pockets) in the domain of time delay, but it also declares the number of unstable characteristic roots at any given pocket. The method starts with the determination of all possible purely imaginary (resonant) characteristic roots for any positive time delay. To achieve this a simplifying substitution is used for the transcendental terms in the characteristic equation. It is proven that the number of such resonant roots for a given dynamics is finite. Each one of these roots is created by infinitely many time delays, which are periodically distributed. An interesting property is also claimed next, that the root crossing directions at these locations are invariant with respect to the delay and dependent only on the crossing frequency. These two unique findings facilitate a simple and practical stability method, which is the highlight of the work.
Risk Preferences and the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles

Abstract This paper reexamines the “cost of business cycle” calculations made by Lucas (“Models of Business Cycles,” Basil Blackwell, New York, 1987) and Imrohoroglǔ( J. Polit. Econ. 97 (1989), 1364–1383) under alternative specifications of individuals' risk preferences and using alternative specifications of the stochastic process for per capita consumption. I find that for a class of preferences used by Epstein and Zin ( J. Monetary Econom. 26 (1990), 387–407), in an analysis of the equity premium puzzle, which display “first-order” risk aversion, the welfare cost of business cycles is potentially much larger than previous estimates. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E32, D81.
Software product line engineering for long-lived, sustainable systems

The design and operation of long-lived, sustainable systems (LSS) are hampered by limited support for change over time and limited preservation of system knowledge. The solution we propose is to adopt software product-line engineering (SPLE) techniques for use in single, critical systems with requirements for sustainability. We describe how four categories of change in a LSS can be usefully handled as variabilities in a software product line. We illustrate our argument with examples of changes from the Voyager spacecraft.
Selectivity and efficiency of pyrene attachment to alkanes induced by broadband X-rays

Bombardment of pyrene-doped n-heneicosane (C21H44) in its orthorhombic solid phase with MeV broadband X-rays results in the formation of both mono- and di-heneicosylpyrenes, whereas the same dose in liquid cyclohexane yields only monosubstituted pyrene. In both cases, the reaction efficiency decreases as pyrene concentration is increased from 10-5 to 10-2 M. Qualitatively, the overall attachment efficiency is higher in orthorhombic n-heneicosane than in liquid cyclohexane, but the selectivity of attachment is greater in cyclohexane. Differences between these results and those from irradiations of the same samples with eV range photons are discussed.
Abortion, Contraception, Infanticide

Critique de la position de L. W. Summer, Abortion and Moral Theory, Princeton Univ. Press, 1981. L'A. distingue fondamentalement la contraception et l'homicide, et classe l'avortement a cote de l'infanticide.
Community Poll: Externalizing Public Sentiments in Social Media in a Local Community Context

Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook are commonly used to disseminate up-to-date news information, but they also contain a lot of noise and irrelevant content. The contents of social media platforms are typically filtered by followship or friendship oriented relationships, and is almost always driven by trending news topics at the national scale, making it difficult for users to gather useful information that is most pertinent to a local community context. Research has utilized content analysis techniques to gain insights on the sentiment expressed about political topics on social media sites. However, there has been little attempt to understand how users would perceive this information if opinions and sentiments about news topics were externalized and made aware to them. We designed Community Poll, a smartphone application that aggregates local news feeds with relevant tweets about the local news topics. A Public Attitude Meter is calculated based on the sentiment score of the tweets for each of the local news topic presented in the system. We conducted a 2-week deployment with 16 users about their perception of the system. The users reported that Community Poll helps them digest locally relevant news topics, and quickly gather public opinions associated with the topics. They reported that being aware of public sentiment encouraged them to more actively participate in discussions on social media. Curiosity about a score-based representation is an important element that drove them to consume local news topics that they wouldn’t otherwise be exposed to. Interestingly, although being aware of public sentiment served to reaffirm people’s positions on the local topics, users expressed concerns about how sentiment awareness might bias other people’s judgments regarding news topics.
Novel fractal image-encoding algorithm based on a full-binary-tree searchless iterated function system

We present a novel fractal encoding method, based on a full-binary-tree searchless iterated function system (FBSIFS), that encodes image range blocks based on a fixed-location domain block. This algorithm is capable of encoding much smaller range blocks than traditional fractal algorithms, extending to 2×2 and 2×1 range blocks or even single image pixels. The FBSIFS method employs a rectangular block decomposition, similar in nature to the more general horizontal-vertical partitioning scheme. However, the proposed method has a simpler structure, similar to quadtree partitioning. Experimental results show that this algorithm is capable of providing superior performance, in terms of encoding time, compression rate, and reconstructed image quality, to traditional search-based fractal methods. The searchless binary-tree partition method also has better performance than searchless quadtree partition methods. A comparison with existing search-based and searchless fractal algorithms is presented, including compression rate, peak SNR of the reconstructed image, and algorithm complexity. A JPEG comparison is also presented.
An Inside View of Autism

I am a 44-year old autistic woman who has a successful international career designing livestock equipment. I completed my Ph.D. in Animal Science at the University of Illinois in Urbana and I am now an Assistant Professor of Animal Science at Colorado State University. Early intervention at age 21/2 helped me overcome my handicap.
Steady-state performance analysis of serial transfer lines subject to machine and buffer failure

In modern automated production lines, it is common to connect adjacent machines with buffers. Since these buffers are mechanical devices, they are prone to failure. Previous research concerning the steady-state analytical modeling of serial transfer lines assumed that buffers are completely reliable. The paper considers the unreliable buffer and presents a model of the serial transfer line incorporating this concept. A decomposition technique is developed for the general serial transfer line with unreliable buffers, and an algorithm for computing the solution of the model is presented.
Selective Inhibition of the Renal Dopamine Subtype D1A Receptor Induces Antinatriuresis in Conscious Rats

Both dopamine D1-like (D1A and D1B) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) receptor subfamilies are present in the kidney. Blockade of the intrarenal D1-like receptor family is associated with natriuresis and diuresis. Because the D1A and D1B receptor subtypes are not distinguishable by currently available dopaminergic agents, their functional role remains undefined. In the present study, the effect of selective inhibition of the renal D1A receptor with phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) was investigated in conscious uninephrectomized rats. After renal interstitial administration of Texas red-labeled D1A receptor AS-ODN, intense fluorescent signal was localized in the renal tubular epithelium and vasculature. In rats on normal salt intake, AS-ODN injected interstitially into the kidney reduced daily urinary sodium excretion (1.4+/-0.04 versus 0.8+/-0.2 mEq/d, n=5, P<0.05) and urine output (16.9+/-3.8 versus 12.5+/-3.6 mL/d, n=5, P<0.05). In rats on high sodium intake, continuous renal interstitial administration of D1A receptor AS-ODN transiently decreased daily urinary sodium excretion (5.4+/-0.5 versus 4.2+/-0.3 mEq/d, n=7, P<0.01) and urine output (27.6+/-4.5 versus 18.1+/-1.8 mL/d, n=7, P<0.01). Neither vehicle nor sense oligodeoxynucleotide had significant effects. Systolic blood pressure remained unchanged. The renal D1A receptor protein was significantly decreased by 35% and 46% at the end of the study in AS-ODN-treated rats on normal and high salt intake, respectively, whereas the D1B receptor and beta-actin were not affected. These results provide the first direct evidence that the renal D1A receptor subtype plays an important role in the control of sodium excretion.
Nuclear Endosperm Development in Cereals and Arabidopsis thaliana

The nuclear endosperm of monocots, including the cereal species maize, rice, barley, and wheat, represents humankind's most important renewable source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials. In addition, the endosperm is an attractive system for developmental biology studies. Similar to the
Human-systems integration design process of the air traffic control tower flight data manager

A user-friendly system that yields operational benefit results from data-driven prototype evaluations and benefits analyses that iteratively feed back into the prototype design and development. In ...
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Git1 is a C2-domain protein required for glucose activation of adenylate cyclase.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe senses environmental glucose through a cAMP-signaling pathway, activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). This requires nine git (glucose insensitive transcription) genes that encode adenylate cyclase, the PKA catalytic subunit, and seven “upstream” proteins required for glucose-triggered adenylate cyclase activation, including three heterotrimeric G-protein subunits and its associated receptor. We describe here the cloning and characterization of the git1+ gene. Git1 is distantly related to a small group of uncharacterized fungal proteins, including a second S. pombe protein that is not functionally redundant with Git1, as well as to members of the UNC-13/Munc13 protein family. Mutations in git1+ demonstrate functional roles for the two most highly conserved regions of the protein, the C2 domain and the MHD2 Munc homology domain. Cells lacking Git1 are viable, but display phenotypes associated with cAMP-signaling defects, even in strains expressing a mutationally activated Gα-subunit, which activates adenylate cyclase. These cells possess reduced basal cAMP levels and fail to mount a cAMP response to glucose. In addition, Git1 and adenylate cyclase physically interact and partially colocalize in the cell. Thus, Git1 is a critical component of the S. pombe glucose/cAMP pathway.
Perceptual multiple location equalization with clustering

Typically, room equalization techniques do not focus on designing filters that equalize the room transfer functions on perceptually relevant spectral features. In this paper, we address the problem of room equalization for multiple listeners, simultaneously, using perceptually designed equalization filter based on pattern recognition techniques. Some features of the proposed filter are, its ability to perform simultaneous equalization of multiple locations, a reduced order, and a psychoacoustically motivated design. In summary, the simultaneous multiple location equalization, using a pattern recognition method, is performed over perceptually relevant spectral components derived from the auditory filtering mechanism.
Task-Specific Multiple-Arm Minimally Invasive Surgical Device Design Using Cooperative Kinematic Isotropy Indices

The transition from multiple-port to single-port robotic systems in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures has made flexible, dexterous manipulation an essential capability. The requirement that single-port MIS devices span an enclosed surgical workspace through only one access point while avoiding collateral damage to surrounding tissues necessitates the employment of mechanically sophisticated, kinematically redundant device architectures. These redundant architectures, while capable of achieving clinically-acceptable performance levels on complicated MIS procedures, are difficult to design and can easily result in economically prohibitive or technically impractical solutions. The problem of balancing clinical functionality and design economy in single-port MIS devices becomes even more challenging when the dexterous use
Photonic bandgap structures for high power microwave applications

The advantages of using photonic bandgap (PBG) structures in vacuum electron devices and transmission lines are discussed. Excellent mode selectivity in PBG structures permits them to be employed as overmoded interaction structures in microwave tubes for either high power (>10 MW) or extremely high frequency (>100 GHz) operation. A 140 GHz highly overmoded gyrotron oscillator has been experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical study of PBG structures for high power microwave devices has been carried out. These theoretical results have been used to design a gyrotron device interaction circuit and a 90 GHz, oversized, highly mode-selective PBG waveguide.
Local behavior of harmonic mappings

The argument principle is an important and useful result for meromorphic functions on domains in the plane. Duren, Hengartner and Laugesen have obtained an argument principle for harmonic mappings on Jordan domains. This paper is concerned with proving an argument principle for harmonic mappings that have isolated singularities. Examples are included to show how the geometric behavior of harmonic mappings differs from the meromorphic case. Also included in the paper is a definition of “pole” at an isolated singular point of a harmonic mapping and a “partitioning theorem” for the image space that yields components whose values are assumed the same number of times in the appropriate region.
1-to-40 Multicasting and Amplification of 40Gbps Channels in Wideband Parametric Amplifier

We report the first experimental demonstration of all-optical wavelength multicasting of OC-768 NRZ data using a pump modulated parametric amplifier. The performance of 40-fold multicasting with excellent signal integrity retention is described.
Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-Fungi—XXXII. Podophacidium

In 1907 Boudier established the genus Melachroia based on Peziza xanthomela Pers. At the same time he transferred to his new genus Podophacidium terrestre Niessl. Why he did not use the generic name proposed by Niessl instead of proposing a new one is not apparent. Since that time various authors have claimed that Podophacidiumr terrestre was identical with Peziza xanthomnela Pers. For the most part, however, the two species have been kept distinct and placed in different genera. During the Mycological Foray at Quebec in the summer of 1938, the writer encountered for the first time in the field a fungus which he identified as Podophacidium, terrestre. This fungus, however, agreed in every detail with the description and illustration of Melachroia xanthomela Boudier. Examination of our
Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Utilizing a Stapled Side-to-Side Anastomosis is Safe in the Western Patient Population

There has been an increased utilization of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in an effort to reduce morbidity, decrease length of stay, and improve quality of life. However, there are limited large series of patients undergoing MIE from the United States and no standardized approach. We reviewed our experience with MIE utilizing a stapled side-to-side anastomosis during a 7.5-year period. A retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases for patients undergoing planned esophagectomy were reviewed from 2007 to 2015. Esophagogastric anastomoses were performed via a 6-cm linear stapled side-to-side method. Demographics, comorbidities, surgical approach, pathology data, and postoperative morbidities were recorded and reviewed. A MIE was attempted in 303 of 315 (96 %) patients, and a total minimally invasive approach was completed in 293 of 315 (93 %) patients. Location of anastomosis was predominantly in the neck, with 244 patients (77.5 %) undergoing a total minimally invasive McKeown approach (n = 231). A total, minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis was completed in 60 patients (19.1 %). Anastomotic leak was identified in 24 patients (7.6 %). Rates of anastomotic leak were 4.4 % for Ivor-Lewis and 8.5 % for McKeown resection. Median length of stay was 8 days, and in-hospital mortality occurred in only three patients (n = 1 %). Ninety-day follow-up demonstrated a 4.1 % stricture rate requiring dilatation. In the Western patient population, MIE utilizing a 6-cm stapled side-to-side anastomosis is associated with low rates of anastomotic leak, stricture, and mortality.
[A choice of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with regard to gastrointestinal and cardiovascular' risks].

NSAIDs are effective drugs among analgesics and antiinflammatory drugs used widely in clinical practice. It is important to emphasize that the range of users of NSAIDs in population are patients with chronic disorders of the joints and spine. However,when prescribing NSAIDs one should consider risk factors of side-effects not only from the gastrointestinal tract, but cardiovascular events as well. The potential negative risks of using NSAIDs promote an active research on creation of ne...y medicinal substances which are able to minimize NSAID-induced complications. The use of oxide-nitrogen-associated NSAIDs, in particular amtolmetin guacil1in patients with risk factors of side-effects from the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system seems to be promising.It is noted that amtolmetin guacil has balanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and is well tolerated.
Nursing Care of Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) ultimately develop symptoms of right-sided heart failure as a result of low cardiac output and arterial hypoxemia. Patients typically manifest dyspnea with exertion or fatigue as the initial symptoms of PAH. In our clinic, patients report they have noticed changes in their breathing or exercise tolerance for periods ranging from several weeks to several months or even years before seeking evaluation by a physician. They tend to minimize the significance of their symptoms by relating them to increasing age, being overworked, not sleeping well, being out of shape, or being overweight As time passes, these symptoms persist and in many instances progress. Patients may experience any of the following symptoms with PAH (either at rest or upon exertion): fatigue, shortness of breath, edema, chest discomfort, palpitations, dizziness, presyncope, and syncope. Once diagnosed, patients should be referred to an experienced pulmonary hypertension (PH) center for further evaluation and management. PH program nurses are important in managing the care of patients. There are four specific roles that nurses assume: coordination of care, patient advocacy, patient assessment, and patient education. Patients need to understand PH as a disease process, the signs and symptoms that signify worsening, and the various treatment options. In addition, nurses provide ongoing emotional support to help patients, their families, and support persons to cope with living with this unpredictable chronic disease and to achieve the best quality of life possible. The benefits of good nursing care from an experienced PH center nurse are similar to those from advanced practice nurses managing congestive heart failure patients and they include improved quality of life, decreased number of hospital admissions, and prolonged survival. This chapter will focus specifically on the nursing care of PAH patients. It will highlight practical issues including assessing patients, developing a treatment plan, supporting patients and families/caregivers, handling special circumstances, and managing insurance issues.
Adaptive working memory training improved brain function in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adaptive-working memory training (WMT) program, the corresponding neural correlates, and LMX1A-rs4657412 polymorphism on the adaptive-WMT, in HIV-participants compared to seronegative controls (SN). Methods: 201/206 qualified participants completed baseline assessments before randomization to 25-sessions of adaptive-WMT or non-adaptive-WMT. 74/76 (34HIV, 42SN) completed adaptive-WMT and all 40 completed non-adaptive-WMT (20HIV, 20SN) and were assessed after 1-month, and 55 adaptive-WMT-participants were also assessed after 6-months. Non-trained near-transfer WM-tests (Digit-Span, Spatial-Span), self-reported executive functioning, and functional MRIs during 1-back and 2-back tasks, were performed at baseline and each follow-up visit, and LMX1A-rs4657412 was genotyped in all participants. Results: Although HIV-participants had slightly lower cognitive performance and Start Index than SN at baseline, both groups improved on Improvement Index (>30%, FDR-corr-p<0.0008) and non-trained WM-tests after adaptive-WMT (FDR-corr-p≤0.001), but not after non-adaptive-WMT (Training-by-Training-type-corr-p=0.01-p=0.05) 1-month later. HIV-participants (especially LMX1A-G-carriers) also had poorer self-reported executive functioning than SN, but both groups reported improvements after adaptive-WMT (Global: Training-FDR-corr-p=0.004), and only HIV-participants improved after non-adaptive-WMT. HIV-participants also had greater frontal actvation than SN at baseline, but brain activation decreased in both groups at 1-month and 6-months after adaptive-WMT (FDR-corrected-p<0.0001), with normalization of brain activation in HIV-participants, especially the LMX1A-AA-carriers (LMX1A-genotype-by-HIV-status-p<0.05). Interpretations: Adaptive-WMT, but not non-adaptive-WMT, improved working memory performance in both SN and HIV-participants, and the accompanied decreased or normalized brain activation suggest improved neural efficiency, especially in HIV-LMX1A-AA-carriers who might have greater dopaminergic reserve. These findings suggest adaptive-WMT may be an effective adjunctive therapy for WM deficits in HIV-participants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Imaging Single Molecular Machines Attached with Two BODIPY Dyes at the Air–Solid Interface: High Probability of Single-Step-Like Photobleaching and Nonscaling Intensity

Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (SMFM) is a powerful technique in monitoring single molecular machine actions at ambient conditions. To improve the fluorescence intensity and photostability, one strategy is to attach multiple dyes to the same single molecular machine. However, it is unclear how the fluorescence property of the dyes will change when multiple dyes are compacted into the same molecule within a distance between them of ∼2 nm. In this study, we investigated the photophysics of two types of single molecular machines that are each equipped with two BODIPY dyes with different distances. We found that at the air–glass interface, single molecules attached with two dyes have a high tendency to show a single-step-like photobleaching, making them to appear like a single dye. We propose that the product of the first photobleaching event, possibly a superoxide anion radical, is involved in the destruction of the neighboring dye. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of the two-dye system does ...
Exercise physiology and sports science must be considered in evolutionary theories regarding human performance: a reply to Postma (2016).

Postma [[1][1]] argues that our interpretation of his and others' statistical results is not appropriate, and that relationships between facial attractiveness and sports performance may have evolutionary significance. However, we reached our conclusions [[2][2]] through realizing proposed theories
Exploring a Contextual Model of Sexual Self-Disclosure and Sexual Satisfaction.

Sexual self-disclosure is a critical component of relationship and sexual satisfaction, yet little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate a person’s engagement in sexual self-disclosure. Individuals (N = 265) involved in romantic relationships participated in an online study testing a contextual model of sexual self-disclosure across three contexts: relationship context, sexual self-disclosure context, and outcome of sexual self-disclosure. Results suggest that sexual satisfaction was predicted by a positive relationship context and a positive sexual self-disclosure context. In addition, the sexual self-disclosure context was predicted by the relationship context. These findings emphasize the importance of examining contextual influences that determine whether an individual will engage in or avoid sexual self-disclosure and the consequences of this engagement or avoidance on sexual satisfaction.
Abstract 49: Myeloid Cell Specific ABCA1 Deletion Does Not Significantly Accelerate Atherogenesis in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice

ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) functions as a cellular cholesterol exporter. Macrophage ABCA1 expression is important in reducing cellular cholesterol content and inflammatory response. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies suggest that leukocyte ABCA1 protects against atherosclerosis development. However, the in vivo effect of macrophage ABCA1 in atherogenesis is not fully understood due to the presence in BM of other leukocyte populations. Myeloid[[Unable to Display Character: ‐]]Specific ABCA1 Knockout (MSKO) mice in the LDL receptor knockout (LDLrKO) C57BL/6 background were developed to address this question. MSKO/LDLrKO (DKO) and LDLrKO (SKO) mice were fed chow or an atherogenic diet for 10-24wk to examine early to advanced stages of atherosclerosis. Basal (i.e. chow) plasma lipid levels were similar between genotypes, but relative to SKO mice, DKO mice had reduced plasma apoB[[Unable to Display Character: ‐]]containing lipoprotein (apoB Lp) levels throughout the diet-induced atherosclerosis progression phase resulting from decreased hepatic VLDL secretion. Despite a significant reduction in plasma apoB Lp levels, chow and atherogenic diet fed DKO mice had significantly higher cholesterol content in resident peritoneal macrophages and higher plasma proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels during atherogenic diet[[Unable to Display Character: ‐]]feeding compared to SKO mice. Aortic cholesterol content was similar between genotypes at early (i.e. 24wk chow-fed) or intermediate (i.e. atherogenic diet for 10wk or 16wk) stages and slightly increased at late stage atherosclerosis (i.e. 24wk atherogenic diet). Aortic root lesion area was also similar for both genotypes after 16wk of atherosclerosis induction. Transplantation of DKO or SKO BM into SKO mice followed by 16wk atherogenic diet feeding also showed similar extent of atherosclerosis. Collectively, these results suggest a novel role for myeloid cell ABCA1 in increasing hepatic VLDL secretion and plasma apoB Lp concentrations in atherogenic diet fed LDLrKO mice that offsets its atheroprotective role in decreasing macrophage cholesterol content and inflammatory response, resulting in no increase in atherosclerosis in its absence.
ISAR: Implicit sentiment analysis of user reviews

Sentiment analysis is the process of analyzing the text about a topic written in a natural language and classify them as positive or negative based on the human sentiments, opinions expressed in it. Due to the increasing growth in use of social media (e.g. reviews, forum, blogs, Twitter and postings in social network sites) on the Web, users now have many opportunities to express their opinions about a product or topic. Users express their opinion through the reviews. These reviews are used by the individuals and organizations for decision making purpose. It is impossible to read and extract user opinions from such huge number of reviews manually. To solve such problem an automated opinion mining approach is required. It is difficult for a user to read and understand all the reviews. Relevant and important information about these establishments should be fetched from reviews and presented to user in a summarized manner. Current approaches for opinion mining, attempts to detect the polarity of a sentence, paragraph or text regardless of the aspects mentioned in it. In this paper we proposed an aspect based approach for opinion mining which uses aggregate score of opinion words and aspect table together for opinion mining process. The main motive of the system is to develop an opinion mining application with improved accuracy by following an implicit approach.
Emotional Displays and Partner Trust in Negotiations: The Role of Benevolence and Unpredictability

Building on the social function of emotions approach and the uncertainty management motive, the present research investigates the effects of expressed emotional ambivalence, anger and happiness on ...
Relative Ages of Eocene Primate-Bearing Deposits of Asia

Paleontologists have often looked to Asia as a center of origin for anthropoid primates (e.g., Pilgrim, 1927; Colbert, 1937, 1938; Ba Maw et al., 1979; Gingerich, 1980; Ciochon and Chiarelli, 1980; Ciochon et al., 1985; Ciochon and Etler, 1994). In part, this notion has been founded in the accepted earlier occurrence of putative anthropoids or “protoanthropoids” in the Asian faunal record. In particular, the occurrence of characters similar to those found in African anthropoids in the Pondaung primates Amphipithecus and Pondaungia from presumed upper Eocene deposits in the Pondaung Hills of Burma (now Myanmar) has led to conjecture that this area represented the center of Origin for higher primates. However, the criterion of earlier occurrence has been eliminated by the redating of the earliest Fay urn anthropoid fauna to the late Eocene (Kappelman, 1992; Rasmussen et al., 1992) such that the Fayum anthropoids would be penecontemporaneous with the Asian primates Amphipithecus, Pondaungia, Hoanghonius, and Rencunius (see Chapter 7, this volume) based on current age assessments.
(Re-)writing markets: Law and contested payment geographies:

While many emphasize the supposed frictionlessness and instantaneity of global financial flows, economic geographers have done important work placing globalization in concrete practices and spaces....
Relationship power and HIV risk among young Black men who have sex with men in the Southern United States.

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of relationship power on HIV risk behaviour among young Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Southern US. Methods: Data from 425 Black/African American males aged 18–29 years who reported recent anal intercourse with a male partner were analysed. Five selected measures of relationship power were tested for correlation and association with protected receptive anal intercourse using contingency tables and logistic regression analysis. Results: Acts of 100% protected receptive anal intercourse were common (n = 277, 65.2%). Men who reported low barriers to condom negotiation were significantly more likely to report protected acts (P < 0.001). Men who reported 100% protected acts were less likely to report financial dependence on male sexual partners and serosorting behaviour (12.0% vs 20.7%, P = 0.02; 31.5% vs 49.8%, P < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Future efforts should further examine the role of relationship power in HIV risk among young Black MSM, including the intersection of individual, dyadic and social-structure risks.
Tutorials, Taxonomies, and Troubles With Miracle Language in Pediatric Medicine.

Miracle language is used regularly by daily news media, invoked by large advocacy groups and professional organizations (Children's Miracle Network 2018; American Cancer Society 2018), by pharmaceu...
Validating Genomic Reliabilities and Gains from Phenotypic Updates

Reliability can be validated from the variance of the difference of earlier and later estimated breeding values as a fraction of the genetic variance. This new method avoids using squared correlations that can be biased downward by selection. Published genomic reliabilities of U.S. young bulls agreed closely with validation formulas. Similar formulas based on reliability differences can estimate potential gains from more frequent phenotypic updates such as monthly or weekly updates, but those gains are small when young animal reliabilities are high.
SANITARY STATUS OF SOME PRECOOKED, FROZEN, DESSERT-TYPE FOODS1

Summary Sanitary status of 102 samples of precooked, frozen, dessert-type foods available in the local market (Manhattan, Kansas) was determined. Foods were studied for total bacterial population, densities of coliform bacilli, Escherichia coli and staphylococci. All samples except two showed standard plate counts fewer than 100,000 per g, and the majority (90%) had counts below, 41,000 per g. Thirty-nine (38.2%) of the specimens showed evidences of coliform contamination and 8 (7.8%) were contaminated with E. coli of probable fecal origin. Coliform counts in 24 (23.32%) samples varied from 10 to 275 per g. Twenty-eight (27.45%) of the specimens showed contamination by staphylococci though no isolate proved to be coagulase-positive. Some problems of analysis and interpretation that arose are discussed.
Facial Nerve Translocation for Low Tension Neurorrhaphy to Masseteric Nerve.

Introduction The techniques of facial reanimation are continually evolving in search of the ideal method for rehabilitating the paralyzed face. In the past, alternative cranial nerve motor nuclei have been used to power facial musculature. The trigeminal nerve is gaining popularity as a promising nerve to drive facial motion, particularly in the lower face. Objectives This article describes a low-tension technique of using the transposed facial nerve to the trigeminal nerve (masseteric branch) for facial reanimation. Methods Six patients over 2.5 years were treated with facial nerve translocation with division at the geniculate and direct neurorrhaphy to the motor branch of the masseter. Patients were evaluated by physical examination, measurement of oral commissure excursion using MEEI FACE-gram software, video assessment, Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, Facial Disability Index, and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale (FaCE). Results Patients demonstrated early motion within 4 months postoperatively and were placed into facial physical therapy. All demonstrated improvements in oral competence, strong oral commissure excursion with good symmetry, speech improvements, and variable results in facial tone. Synkinesis to the smile antagonists in the lower face was noted and treated with chemodenervation in three of six. No upper division synkinesis was noted. Conclusion The motor branch of the trigeminal nerve is an effective option for facial reanimation via facial nerve translocation and end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Variable results in facial tone were noted with excellent oral commissure excursion. This procedure is safe in the reoperated mastoid.
Some Journal of Economic Perspectives Articles Recommended for Classroom Use

In 2018, the editors of the Journal of Economic Perspectives invited faculty to send us examples of JEP articles that they had found useful for teaching. We received 250 responses. On the JEP website, we have created a landing page (https://www.aeaweb.org/journals/jep/classroom) that organizes the recommended articles into 33 categories. If you click on any of the categories at that link, you will see a list of JEP papers that were recommended by faculty members for classroom use for that category, presented in reverse date order. Each paper is listed with a hyperlink to its article page on the JEP website. In this article, I offer some thoughts about how this exercise was carried out, along with its strengths and weaknesses. Although we make no pretense of presenting a complete syllabus for any specific course, we offer the milder hope that these recommendations from peers might suggest some additional readings for your students.
Random Cluster Model for Icosahedral Phase AlMnSi

Results are presented on a computer generated model of A1MnSi. Atomic clusters consisting of 12 Mn and 42 Al(Si) atoms are randomly packed to form a continuous random network while placing constraints on the allowed local cluster configurations. The topological characteristics of the model are explored in both R‖ and R⊥ space including an examination of the phason disorder. Preliminary X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns are calculated for comparison with experimental intensity data. The origin of the peak at Q=1.62A−1, associated with the prepeak found in “amorphous” A1MnSi, as well as the “diffuse” scattering seen experimentally under the groups of strong peaks, are revealed selectively in the calculated partial intensities for the Al-Al, Mn-Mn, and Mn-Al correlations.
Does occasional tillage undo the ecosystem services gained with no-till? A review

Continuous no-till (NT) is an effective practice to control soil erosion, conserve water, and reduce monetary and energy costs, but it can be challenged by inadequate weed control, soil organic C (SOC) and nutrient stratification, and risks for compaction, runoff, and acidification. Occasional tillage in NT (OT) could be a potential solution to such problems, but the question is: Does OT reduce or undo the beneficial soil ecosystem services from NT? To answer this, we 1) synthesized and interpreted published data on OT impacts in long-term NT systems on erosion, soil properties, crop yields, and other ecosystem services and 2) discussed potential factors that affect OT effects. The limited literature on OT provides important insights. It indicates that OT can increase runoff and sediment loss, reduce losses of dissolved nutrients and pesticides in runoff and have small effects on soil physical properties. Occasional tillage does not generally reduce soil water content needed for the crops nor reduce stocks of SOC, but it reduces vertical stratification of SOC and nutrients. Soil microbial biomass decreases with OT in some cases, but this reduction appears to have limited agronomic significance. Crop yield increases in about 15%, decreases in 5%, and does not change in 80% of cases. Impacts of OT on soils and crops generally lasted <2 yr. Controlled traffic, cover crops, diversified crop rotations, and soil amendments may accelerate soil recovery after OT, reduce the need for OT, and prolong the OT benefits. Tillage method, depth, frequency, and timing, and also soil temperature and water content affect OT performance. More research is needed to better target OT and choose among OT options for benefit optimization. Overall, OT one in 5–10 yr has limited or no effects on soil ecosystem services while reducing compaction and stratification, and aiding weed control as part of integrated weed management.