cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 210: Id4 inhibition of twist1-mediated autocrine PDGF signaling inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of glioblastoma-derived stem cell cultures

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common, aggressive, and lethal primary brain tumor. A hallmark of GBM is the resistance of tumor stem cells to chemotherapy resulting in tumor recurrence and progression decreasing the quality of life and causing patient death. The prevention of GBM recurrence after chemotherapy by eliminating cancer stem cells enhances survival in genetically engineered mouse models; however, the signal transduction networks that control cancer stem cell survival and proliferation remain poorly understood. We have discovered that decreased expression of Id4, a dominant negative helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is associated with the proliferation and survival of sphere cultures from GBM-derived cell lines, which are enriched for cancer stem cells. In striking contrast, Id4 expression did not affect proliferation or apoptosis in differentiated, adherent cultures of these same cell lines. Moreover, the cell lines we examined required autocrine PDGF signaling for growth. We found that Id4 inhibited autocrine PDGF signaling in cancer stem cell enriched cultures by suppressing the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). In these studies we found that Id4 mediated inhibition of PDGFRα expression was mediated through the antagonistic interaction between Id4 and Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. This observation is consistent with our previously reported finding that Id4, uniquely among the Id family of proteins, binds to and antagonizes Twist1. Further, using the Rembrandt and TCGA databases, we found that Id4 expression levels directly correlate with glioma patient survival and can predict the level of PDGFRα expression. These data provide strong evidence that Id4 may regulate GBM stem cell survival and thereby contribute to GBM tumor progression. Along with our recent report demonstrating that Id4 can block invasion of GBM by silencing Twist1-mediated MMP2 expression, these findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of the Id4/Twist1 complex might provide opportunities to reduce the lethality of GBM by regulating both GBM invasion and tumor stem cell maintenance. Citation Format: Gilbert J. Rahme, Mark A. Israel. Id4 inhibition of twist1-mediated autocrine PDGF signaling inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of glioblastoma-derived stem cell cultures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-210
Influence of parenteral zinc and actinomycin D on tissue zinc uptake and the synthesis of a zinc - binding protein.

Parenterally administered zinc markedly increased the incorporation of 14C-cystine and 65Zn into a low molecular weight zinc binding protein (ZnBP) isolated from liver cytoplasm of rats fed an adequate amount of zinc. This zinc load significantly increased the zinc content in the liver. The increase in hepatic zinc content was inhibited by actinomycin D indicating that DNA-dependent RNA synthesis is required for zinc uptake into liver. Antinomycin D also produced a concomitant decrease in ZnBP synthesis indicating that this protein may be involved in the uptake mechanism in cells. Zinc repletion also stimulated the synthesis of hepatic ZnBP in zinc deficient rats. This stimulation was also prevented by prior administration of actinomycin D. A similar effect was observed in the intestinal mucosal cells. The data collectively indicate that the control of the synthesis of ZnBP which occurs at the transcriptional level of protein synthesis is responsive to zinc status and thus may have a function in zinc metabolism.
Towards a Philosophy of Containment: Reading Goffman in the 21st Century

On the occasion of the re-publication of Erving Goffman’s Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order, including the remarkable appendix, “Insanity of Place,” the authors propose new ways of reading Goffman’s work in order to highlight his attention to havoc and containment. Goffman’s “Insanity of Place,” explores the phenomenon of mental illness by asserting that it is an instance of havoc, a symbolic and practical condition that disrupts the social order of life, and one that must be contained. By situating this essay at the center of Goffman’s oeuvre they examine Goffman’s “philosophy of containment,” and trace its trajectory from Asylums, Stigma and “The Insanity of Place” to its full crystallization in Frame Analysis. The authors offer a generative reading of havoc and containment in order to understand the incoherence, irrationality, unreason, incomprehensibility and unbearableness of social life and the imperative to preserve social order from collapsing, dissolving or imploding. This reading enables us to see the cracks in the social order and understand containment as the constant effort exerted to recuperate transgressions and deviations back into that order. Goffman’s analysis becomes an opening into engagements with the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault around the notion of the normative order and the issues of containment and transgression. Thinking through Goffman’s philosophy of containment as the framework for an analysis of socialization, normalization, and social ordering affords an approach to thinking macro-micro linkages of order and instability that confront both our contemporary society and the discipline of sociology.
Electrophysiological evidence for a rapid membrane action of the gonadal steroid, 17β-estradiol, on CA1 pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus

The rapid electrophysiological effects of 17 beta-estradiol on CA1 pyramidal neurons (n = 86) were investigated utilizing intracellular recording from the rat hippocampal slice preparation. Bath application of 17 beta-estradiol, but not 17 alpha-estradiol, caused a reversible depolarization and increased input resistance with a latency of less than 1 min in 19.8% of CA1 neurons tested. There was no significant difference in the percentage of estradiol-responsive cells between male and female rats. Estradiol-responsive cells were identified from prepubertal female rats, as well as females in all stages of the estrous cycle. 17 beta-estradiol had no effect on the slow afterhyperpolarization or accommodative properties of CA1 neurons. In 2 out of 4 cells tested, the specific antiestrogen, tamoxifen, blocked the excitatory response to 17 beta-estradiol.
Differing rates of loss of DPC4 expression and of p53 overexpression among carcinomas of the proximal and distal bile ducts.

BACKGROUND Biliary tract carcinomas are clinically heterogeneous. It is not known if molecular heterogeneity underlies the clinical differences. METHODS The authors evaluated 128 bile duct carcinomas, 88 of the distal common bile duct and 40 of more proximal origin (28 perihilar carcinomas, 12 intrahepatic carcinomas), immunohistochemically for abnormalities in the expression of the products of the DPC4 and p53 tumor-suppressor genes. Prognostic factors were evaluated in the series of distal bile duct carcinomas for which follow-up information was available. RESULTS The authors found that a significantly higher percentage of distal bile duct carcinomas (55%) demonstrated loss of DPC4 expression than did the proximal bile duct carcinomas (15%; P < 0.001). They also found that a significantly higher percentage of the distal tumors abnormally expressed the p53 gene product (51% vs. 26%; P < 0.001). Among the distal common bile duct carcinomas, the presence of poorly differentiated histology correlated with decreased survival in multivariate analysis, while labeling for p53 or Dpc4, margin status, lymph node status, and tumor dimension did not correlate significantly with survival. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that abnormalities in DPC4 and p53 gene expression are frequent in distal common bile duct carcinomas, just as they are in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these two tumor types might share a similar molecular pathogenesis. They also show that proximal and distal bile duct carcinomas have different patterns of inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, indicating that they often arise through different molecular mechanisms likely reflecting their differing etiologies. Cancer 2001;91:1332–41. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Leukotrienes: Mediators that have been typecast as villains

As befalls many mediators that act upon the human stage, leukotrienes have become identified with their most powerful roles as villains of the immune system. They are well known for their leading roles in allergic diseases, including asthma. They also have gained recognition for their dramatic role as promoters of inflammation. As new roles for these lipid messengers are sought, it is becoming apparent that the leukotrienes have been typecast as bad guys of the immune system. As examples, their more recent roles have been in atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. However, upon further evaluation, we can begin to see their versatility. Thus, leukotrienes stimulate innate immunity against pathogens. In addition, they promote the expression of mediators, receptors and other molecules that are important for immune defense. In these lesser known roles, they lead the fight against bacterial, fungal and viral infection. This review is intended to shed light on the leukotrienes, where they come from and what we really know about them.
Data base management systems: The influence of hardware

The technology of software of data base management systems is described, and the influence that hardware has had on such systems in the past is discussed. In addition, an attempt is made to highlight some hardware advances that are awaited eagerly by software designers.
Estimation of complex Young's modulus of non-stiff materials using a modified Oberst beam technique

Abstract The paper presents a modified Oberst beam technique to evaluate the complex Young's modulus of non-stiff materials. Unconstrained layer theories and non-parametric complex modulus identification methods used for stiff materials form the basis for the method. The proposed approach has several advantages over the standard Oberst beam technique. In particular, the layer properties can be evaluated at any frequency, and the base beam need not be completely covered with the layer material. In addition, the proposed method does not require that the complex modulus vs. frequency curve for the base beam should have a flat area near analyzed resonance frequencies in order to yield accurate results. The experiments conducted on a styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) sample using a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base beam produced good results. Uncertainty analysis shows that the measurement accuracy can be improved by increasing the modulus magnitude ratio between the layer material and the base beam material, or the thickness ratio between the layer and base beam.
The NAFTA and the Environment: Trade, diplomacy, and limited protection

This article reviews the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its provisions on environmental protection. It describes how NAFTA followed from previous international environmental and trade arrangements. NAFTA's environmental provision adopts the position that economic growth will promote environmental protection and that enforcement is best accomplished through diplomatic means rather than through trade sanctions. The major importance of NAFTA's treatment of the environment is the precedent it sets to include environmental issues into future trade treaties.
Effects of Hurricane Eloise on beach and coastal structures, Florida Panhandle

Natural process-response changes in beach and dune configuration attendant with passage of Hurricane Eloise caused extensive structural damage to residential and commercial establishments in the vicinity of Panama City Beach, Florida. Damage was largely attributed to storm surge and wave set-up with subsequent beach scour; wind damage and flooding were minimal. Dune retreat and scour behind failed seawalls (from 12 to 18 m) resulted in many foundation failures and partial or complete collapse of the building superstructure. Because of the physiographic setting and storm characteristics, damage was primarily restricted to a narrow strip of shorefront property paralleling the Gulf of Mexico shoreline. Overwash was minimal owing to dune ridge and cliffed headland elevations. Sand removed from the beach was transported westward both alongshore and offshore. Much of the damage could have been prevented or minimized by proper location and design of buildings and an acute awareness of active coastal processes.
Laser-induced surface damage of optical materials: absorption sources, initiation, growth, and mitigation

Susceptibility to laser damage of optical-material surfaces originates from the nature of the surface as a transitional structure between optical-material bulk and its surroundings. As such, it requires technological processing to satisfy figure and roughness requirements and is also permanently subjected to environmental exposure. Consequently, enhanced absorption caused by mechanical structural damage or incorporation and sorption of microscale absorbing defects, and even layers of organic materials, is always characteristic for optical-material surfaces. In this review physics of interaction of pulsed-laser radiation with surface imperfections for different types of optical materials (metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, etc.), mechanisms of damage initiation, damage morphology, and damage-site growth under repetitive pulse irradiation are discussed. Consideration is also given here to the surface treatments leading to the reduction of damage initiation sites, such as laser cleaning and conditioning, removal of the surface layers affected by the grinding/polishing process, and mitigation of the damage growth at already formed damage sites.
Desktop publishing: new right brain documents

Laser printers and powerful word processing, desktop publishing, and graphic arts software for micro‐computers make it possible, and easy, to communicate graphically as well as textually. Research indicates that textual communication is processed primarily in the left lobe of the brain, and graphic communication is processed in the right lobe. The combination of textual and graphic elements produces a powerful communications structure that facilitates simultaneous multichannel processing by both the left and right lobes of the brain. As a result, communications techniques that combine both textual and graphic elements produce effective results.
Lingual and palatal gustatory afferents each depend on both BDNF and NT‐4, but the dependence is greater for lingual than palatal afferents

Neurons of the geniculate ganglion innervate taste buds located in two spatially distinct targets, the tongue and palate. About 50% of these neurons die in Bdnf(-/-) mice and Ntf4/5(-/-) mice. Bdnf(-/-)/Ntf4/5(-/-) double mutants lose 90-95% of geniculate ganglion neurons. To determine whether different subpopulations are differentially influenced by neurotrophins, we quantified neurons from two ganglion subpopulations separately and remaining taste buds at birth within each target field in wild-type, Bdnf(-/-), Ntf4/5(-/-), and Bdnf(-/-)/Ntf4/5(-/-) mice. In wild-type mice the same number of neurons innervated the anterior tongue and soft palate and each target contained the same number of taste buds. Compared to wild-type mice, Bdnf(-/-) mice showed a 50% reduction in geniculate neurons innervating the tongue and a 28% loss in neurons innervating the soft palate. Ntf4/5(-/-) mice lost 58% of the neurons innervating the tongue and 41% of the neurons innervating the soft palate. Taste bud loss was not as profound in the NT-4 null mice compared to BDNF-null mice. Tongues of Bdnf(-/-)/Ntf4/5(-/-) mice were innervated by 0 to 4 gustatory neurons and contained 3 to 16 taste buds at birth, indicating that some taste buds remain even when all innervation is lost. Thus, gustatory neurons are equally dependent on BDNF and NT-4 expression for survival, regardless of what peripheral target they innervate. However, taste buds are more sensitive to BDNF than NT-4 removal.
Inversion of seismic data: accuracy and convergence of an iterative scheme based on acoustic imaging

Summary This paper describes the accuracy, stability and convergence of a new iterative inversion scheme based on acoustic imaging. The scheme first decomposes the observed data (seismogram) into plane waves (PWD); then it continues the PWD data downwards. The downward continuation can take place in the time or the frequency domains. The data are continued by finding the solution of the acoustic wave equation for a trial velocity selected from a class of admissible functions. Next the downward continued data are projected on to the plane of horizontal slowness p versus depth z. The imaging principle used to recover the velocity is based on finding the maximum of the projected wavefield energy, which corresponds to the critically reflected and refracted arrivals. This maximum must coincide with the true velocity profile in the p-z domain. If not, the trial velocity function is adjusted to be closer to the maximum of the transformed data and the procedure is restarted. Examples with synthetic and real data are presented.
Promoting Family Integrity: The Child Citizen Protection Act and its Implications for Public Child Welfare

Family integrity, although central to child welfare, is undermined by immigration laws that fail to consider the best interests of the child. This article discusses the threat that deportation poses to family integrity and analyzes the Child Citizen Protection Act of 2009, a potential remedy pending before the United States Congress. It also addresses the roles that public child welfare agencies can play to ensure the well-being of children in mixed-status immigrant families.
Tapping into TiVo Digital video recorders and the transition from schedules to surveillance in television

This article explores the early stages of the Digital Video Recorder (DVR) market, with particular attention paid to brand leader TiVo. The television industry, which relies on schedules to organize the audience commodity, faces threats from DVR technology. Initially, broadcasters and advertisers reacted with fear, but also came to realize the potential of using the technology for data collection and target marketing. These firms employed a mix of investment and litigation to shape the developing industry. Simultaneously, TiVo characterized its relationship to broadcasters and advertisers as advantageous rather than contentious. As a result, the emerging DVR model offers users greater control through time-shifting and increased functionality with content playback, while presenting existing television firms with a platform for audience surveillance.
Calibration and optimization of CMOS mm-wave transceivers

Deep sub-micron CMOS offers relatively low RF performance at mm-wave frequencies compared with III-V technologies and the high levels of process variation further exacerbate design margins and poor performance. Instead of optimizing mm-wave circuits for performance at design time, we instead adopt a “maximum tune-ability” approach in which the mm-wave front-end circuitry is made highly tunable and optimized at run-time by digital control and optimization algorithms to overcome process variation effects.
Memoria e identidad en la literatura sefardí y mizrahi en Latinoamérica

This is the first article that attempts to trace a panoramic view of Sephardi/Mizrahi literature in Latin America. It starts by giving basic information about the migration of these Jewish groups at the end of the 19 th and beginning of the 20 th century. Later, it identifies more than twenty writers, and establishes two ways to approach Sephardi/- Mizrahi identity: 1) Reflection and study of the splendor of the «Golden Age» of Medieval Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula; and 2) representations of contemporary Sephardim and Mizrahim. Finally, the article proposes Isaac Chocron's novel, Rompase en caso de incendio , as the foundational text for contemporary Sephardi/- Mizrahi literature in Latin America.
Depressive symptomatology, youth Internet use, and online interactions: a national survey

Purpose: To investigate the online communications and self-disclosure practices of youth reporting depressive symptomatology. Method: The Youth Internet Safety Survey was a nationally representative telephone survey of 1501 Internet-using youth between the ages of 10 and 17 years, and one caregiver in their household. Fifty-three percent of youth participants were male and 73% were white race. The purpose of the survey was to obtain prevalence rates for unwanted sexual solicitation, harassment, and unwanted exposure to sexual material among young people online. Questions about current depressive symptomatology were also queried; this variable was defined based upon the DSM-IV definition of a major depressive episode: major depressive-like symptomatology (5 symptoms of depression and functional impairment in at least one area); minor depressive-like symptomatology (3 symptoms of depression); mild or no depressive symptomatology (3 symptoms of depression). Data were cross-sectional and collected between the fall of 1999 and spring 2000. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the conditional odds of reporting DSM-IV-like major or minor depressive symptomatology vs. mild/no symptomatology given the indication of self-disclo- sure practices and interactions with others online. Males and females were assessed separately. Results: Talking with strangers online, using the Internet most frequently for e-mailing others, and intensity of Internet use differentiated youth reporting depressive symptoms from asymptomatic peers. Report of depressive symptomatology was not related to most measures of general Internet use nor gender differences. Personal disclosure was significantly more likely to be reported by both young men and young women who reported major depressive symptomatology vs. mild or no symptomatology. Differences were observed for how adolescents choose to self-disclose; females posted pictures of themselves, whereas males were more likely to provide personally identifiable information. Finally, most gender-related variation reflected differences in the magnitude of Internet associations with depressive symptoms rather than the types of Internet use, access, or online communications. Conclusions: Youth-reported depressive symptomatology is associated with differences in online interactions and self-disclosure practices. © 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Shared and distinct transcriptional programs underlie the hybrid nature of iNKT cells

Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are innate-like T lymphocytes that act as critical regulators of the immune response. To better characterize this population, we profiled gene expression in iNKT cells during ontogeny and in peripheral subsets as part of the Immunological Genome Project. High-resolution comparative transcriptional analyses defined developmental and subset-specific programs of gene expression by iNKT cells. In addition, we found that iNKT cells shared an extensive transcriptional program with NK cells, similar in magnitude to that shared with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells. Notably, the program shared by NK cells and iNKT cells also operated constitutively in γδ T cells and in adaptive T cells after activation. Together our findings highlight a core effector program regulated distinctly in innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
Comparative multiresolution wavelet analysis of ERP spectral bands using an ensemble of classifiers approach for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming an increasingly important healthcare concern. Prior approaches analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) had varying degrees of success, primarily due to smaller study cohorts, and the inherent difficulty of the problem. A new effort using multiresolution analysis of ERPs is described. Distinctions of this study include analyzing a larger cohort, comparing different wavelets and different frequency bands, using ensemble-based decisions and, most importantly, aiming the earliest possible diagnosis of the disease. Surprising yet promising outcomes indicate that ERPs in response to novel sounds of oddball paradigm may be more reliable as a biomarker than the more commonly used responses to target sounds.
“Priming” Endothelial Progenitor Cells A New Strategy to Improve Cell Based Therapeutics

It is believed that this new century will be the century of regenerative medicine in which chronic diseases will be reversed by therapeutics which can repair and restore function in situ.1 One prerequisite for tissue regeneration is a readily available population of cells that are both highly renewable and highly differentiable. Commonly known as stem or precursor cells, the theoretical appeal of these cells dates back more than 100 years2 but gained traction in the latter half of the 20th century with the isolation and identification of hematopoietic stem cells,3 mesenchymal stem cells,4 and human embryonic stem cells.5,6 In vascular biology progenitor cells able to initiate neovascularization, known as endothelial precursor cells (EPCs), were first identified by Isner and Asahara7 in 1997. See ATVB 2008;28:644–650 Since then, a number of studies have indicated a strong correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and EPC numbers and function.8 Diabetes mellitus,9,10 hypercholesterolemia,11 coronary artery disease,12 and cigarette smoking13,14 have all been shown to adversely affect EPC number …
Diagnostic and clinical implications of lineage fidelity in acute leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

We report on a series of five acute leukemia patients who have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Initially, these patients were classified as having biphenotypic leukemia; however, subsequent developments in the perception of what constitutes lineage fidelity has resulted in controversy regarding the diagnosis. Row cytometry and non-random cytogenetic results have had a major impact on redefining the concept of biphenotypic disease. In this report we review the diagnostic dilemma associated with defining acute leukemia linage fidelity as diagnostic techniques evolve. While our unique focus on the treatment of biphenotypic leukemia patients represents a small population, we verify the single most promising therapy where otherwise the diagnosis is dismal.
Subspace techniques for image understanding

A unifying framework for solving several problems in image understanding is proposed based on the exploitation of subspace fitting techniques originally developed for antenna array processing applications. The SLIDE (subspace-based line detection) algorithm is a framework for introducing the concept of subspace fitting into problems in image understanding and computer vision. The basic formulation of SLIDE provides a solution to the problem of multiple line fitting in binary or gray-scale images. However, as is shown in this paper, its modified versions can be applied to several other image analysis problems. >
Unusual complication of temporary pacing wires in children

There have been numerous complications described concerning temporary epicardial pacing wires including infection, bleeding, and coronary artery graft disruption. We report a case in which the heart was ensnared by the pacing wire, resulting in cardiac decompensation during attempted removal. This complication may be avoided by assuring that a smaller loop of pacing wire remains in the pericardium.
Comparison of discrete multitone and carrierless AM/PM techniques for line equalization

The design and performance of the Discrete Multitone (DMT) transceiver is compared with the Carrierless Amplitude Phase modulation (CAP) transceiver. The theories of both techniques are summarized and the architecture of each is studied for the unshielded twisted-pair cable environment. It is shown that the DMT system is well suited for equalization at low transmission rates and the CAP system is well suited for high-speed transmission applications. With increase in speed, the hardware penalty increases for the DMT equalizer unlike in the CAP equalizer where the hardware penalty is weakly dependent on speed.
Energy gap in spherical nuclei

Abstract The superconducting energy gap equation for a sphere of radius a and for a delta function interaction is solved and the results are compared with observed nuclear pairing energies by choosing a so that the volume of the sphere is the same as that of the given nucleus.
RTOS scheduling in transaction level models

Raising the level of abstraction in system design promises to enable faster exploration of the design space at early stages. While scheduling decision for embedded software has great impact on system performance, it's much desired that the designer can select the right scheduling algorithm at high abstraction levels so as to save him from the error-prone and time consuming task of tuning code delays or task priority assignments at the final stage of system design. In this paper we tackle this problem by introducing a RTOS model and an approach to refine any unscheduled transaction level model (TLM) to a TLM with RTOS scheduling support. The refinement process provides a useful tool to the system designer to quickly evaluate different dynamic scheduling algorithms and make the optimal choice at the early stage of system design.
The Swedish Model: Balancing Markets and Gifts in the Music Industry

The internet has destabilized media industries. This article uses the case of Swedish independent music labels, musicians, and fans to articulate one model for understanding the new roles each can take in this new context. Interviews, participant observation, and popular media coverage are used to show how labels and musicians in this scene loosely organize with fans to create a gift economy among themselves. Although they seek to earn money, they are not focused getting it from the audience. Instead, they engage the audience as equals with whom they can build a larger community that benefits them all. The article shows how they use giving songs away and engaging directly with audience members through the internet to pursue this goal. In contrast to discourses against file sharing, the analysis demonstrates how media producers may reconcile themselves to the participatory culture of the Internet.
Distributed Authorization by Multiparty Trust Negotiation

Automated trust negotiation (ATN) is a promising approach to establishing trust between two entities without any prior knowledge of each other. However, real-world authorization processes often involve online input from third parties, which ATN does not support. In this paper, we introduce multiparty trust negotiation(MTN) as a new approach to distributed authorization. We define a Datalog-based policy language, Distributed Authorization and Release Control Logic (DARCL), to specify both authorization and release control policies. DARCL suits the needs of MTN and can also serve as a powerful general-purpose policy language for authorization. To orchestrate the negotiation process among multiple parties without a centralized moderator, we propose the diffusion negotiation protocol, a set of message-passing conventions that allows parties to carry out a negotiation in a distributed fashion. Building on top of the diffusion negotiation protocol, we propose two negotiation strategies, both safe and complete, to drive MTN with different tradeoffs between privacy and negotiation speed.
Genotype editing and the evolution of regulation and memory

Our agent-based model of genotype editing is defined by two distinct genetic components: a coding portion encoding phenotypic solutions, and a non-coding portion used to edit the coding material. This set up leads to an indirect, stochastic genotype/phenotype mapping which captures essential aspects of RNA editing. We show that, in drastically changing environments, genotype editing leads to qualitatively different solutions from those obtained via evolutionary algorithms that only use coding genetic material. In particular, we show how genotype editing leads to the emergence of regulatory signals, and also to a resilient memory of a previous environment.
Comparison of two methods for the generation of spatially modulated ultrasound radiation force

Spatially modulated ultrasound radiation force (SMURF) imaging is an elastographic technique that involves generating a radiation force beam with a lateral intensity variation of a defined spatial frequency. This results in a shear wave of known wavelength. By using the displacements induced by the shear wave and standard Doppler or speckle-tracking methods, the shear wave frequency, and thus material shear modulus, is estimated. In addition to generating a pushing beam pattern with a specified lateral intensity variation, it is generally desirable to induce larger displacements so that the displacement data signal-to-noise ratio is higher. We provide an analysis of two beam forming methods for generating SMURF in an elastic material: the focal Fraunhofer and intersecting plane wave methods. Both techniques generate beams with a defined spatial frequency. However, as a result of the trade-offs associated with each technique, the peak acoustic intensity outputs in the region of interest differs for the same combinations of parameters (e.g., the focal depth, the width of the area of interest, and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient). Assuming limited transducer drive voltage, we provide a decision plot to determine which of the two techniques yields the greater pushing force for a specific configuration.
Managing risk: threat or opportunity?

OBJECTIVE. Radiologists often regard risk management as a burden or even a threat. This article examines some of the most important reasons every radiologist should regard managing risk as an opportunity.CONCLUSION. There are short-term risks and costs to a program of risk management, but they are far less than the long-range costs of inaction. More importantly, managing risk well is an opportunity to excel as a physician and leader.
Mechanism of inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation in calcium-depleted Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is inhibited when cellular calcium is depleted by the addition of EGTA to the growth medium. This inhibition is at the level of polypeptide chain initiation as evidenced by a disaggregation of polyribosomes accompanied by a significant elevation in 80-S monomers. To identify direct effects of calcium on the protein synthesis apparatus we have developed a calcium-dependent, cell-free protein-synthesizing system from the Ehrlich cells by using 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), a recently developed chelator with a high (greater than 10(5)) selectivity for calcium (pKa = 6.97) over magnesium (pKa = 1.77). BAPTA inhibits protein synthesis by 70% at 1 mM and 90% at 2 mM. This effect was reversed by calcium but not by other cations tested. The levels of 43-S complexes (i.e., 40-S subunits containing bound methionyl-tRNAf.eIF-2.GTP) were significantly lower in the calcium-deprived incubations, indicating either inhibition of the rate of formation or decreased stability of 43-S complexes. Analysis of 43-S complexes on CsCl gradients showed that in BAPTA-treated lysates, 40-S subunits containing eIF-3, completely disappeared and the residual methionyl-tRNA-containing complexes were bound to 40-S subunits lacking eIF-3. Our results demonstrate a direct involvement of Ca2+ in protein synthesis and we have localized the effect of calcium deprivation to decreased binding of eIF-2 and eIF-3 to 40-S subunits.
THE POTENTIAL FOR REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS THROUGH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

The potential for reducing carbon emissions through efficiency improvement in industrial processes is large in terms of technical capabilities. Simple cost-effectiveness considerations suggest that much can and should be accomplished even with present technology at present energy prices, and that much more should be accomplished with moderate energy, or carbon, taxes. Moreover, with new products and increasing affluence, the composition of production is changing such that industrial energy and materials consumption are growing more slowly than the economy. In addition, technological progress tends to reduce the overall energy and materials requirements for each industrial process. This relatively rosy scenario faces serious difficulties, however: industrial decision makers strongly discount future expenditures for energy for a variety of reasons. In addition, many slow-growing heavy industries may not have the capital and technical capabilities to invest in the best new production processes. For these reasons it is important to develop public policies to encourage the development and dissemination of more-efficient process technologies, and to assist energy-intensive industries to modernize, for example through utility demand-side management progams.
Partial Budget of the Discounted Annual Benefit of Mastitis Control Strategies

The objective of this study was to rank the benefits associated with various mastitis control strategies in simulated herds with intramammary infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus spp. other than Strep. agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Escherichia coli. The control strategies tested were prevention, vaccination for E. coli, lactation therapy, and dry cow antibiotic therapy. Partial budgets were based on changes caused by mastitis control strategies from the mean values for milk, fat, and protein yields of the control herd and the number of cows that were culled under a fixed mastitis culling criterion. Each annual benefit (dollars per cow per year) of a mastitis control strategy was compared with the revenue for the control herd and was calculated under two different milk pricing plans (3.5% milk fat and multiple-component pricing), three net replacement costs, and three prevalences of pathogen-specific intramammary infection. Twenty replicates of each control strategy were run with SIMMAST (a dynamic discrete event stochastic simulation model) for 5 simulated yr. Rankings of discounted annual benefits differed only slightly according to milk pricing plans within a pathogen group but differed among the pathogen groups. Differences in net replacement costs for cows culled because of mastitis did not change the ranking of control strategies within a pathogen group. Both prevention and dry cow therapy were important mastitis control strategies. For herds primarily infected with environmental pathogens, strategies that included vaccination for mastitis caused by E. coli dominated strategies that did not include vaccination against this microorganism.
Mellin Transforms in N Complex Planes

In Chaps. 4 and 7 Mellin transform techniques were used to solve problems of wave propagation through turbulence in which there was zero or one parameter. Here, that technique is generalized to allow one to solve problems with any number of parameters. Analytical solutions that are easily evaluated are obtained for problems that have previously been considered analytically intractable and for which only numerical results are available. The method to obtain the solution in integral form by the insertion of the transverse spatial filter functions into the standard formula for variances is exactly the same as that discussed in Chap. 2. This process produces a three-dimensional integral over the transverse spatial-transform coordinates and the propagation path. The integration over angle in transform space can usually be performed analytically. The integration over the magnitude of the spatial transform coordinate in which there are two or more parameters in the integrand is addressed in this chapter. I show that it can be evaluated to give a series solution. The remaining integration over the propagation path can be performed term by term in most cases. For some cases the infinite series terms after the axial integration are infinite, in which cases one must evaluate the integration along the propagation direction first.
An Empirical Test of the Feltham-Ohlson Valuation Model

This paper attempts to provide empirical evidence on some of the cross-sectional implications of the Feltham-Ohlson [1995] valuation model. Overall, the evidence supports the idea that stock prices can be viewed as a combination of stock (i.e., book equity and operating assets) and flow (i.e., earnings) variables. However, (i) evidence on the role of book value of equity as articulated in the model is mixed and (ii) evidence on the positive relation between the weight on operating assets and the parameter relating operating assets to future abnormal earnings predicted by the model is weak.
Method for Fusing Observational Data and Chemical Transport Model Simulations To Estimate Spatiotemporally Resolved Ambient Air Pollution

Investigations of ambient air pollution health effects rely on complete and accurate spatiotemporal air pollutant estimates. Three methods are developed for fusing ambient monitor measurements and 12 km resolution chemical transport model (CMAQ) simulations to estimate daily air pollutant concentrations across Georgia. Temporal variance is determined by observations in one method, with the annual mean CMAQ field providing spatial structure. A second method involves scaling daily CMAQ simulated fields using mean observations to reduce bias. Finally, a weighted average of these results based on prediction of temporal variance provides optimized daily estimates for each 12 × 12 km grid. These methods were applied to daily metrics of 12 pollutants (CO, NO2, NOx, O3, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and five PM2.5 components) over the state of Georgia for a seven-year period (2002–2008). Cross-validation demonstrates a wide range in optimized model performance across pollutants, with SO2 predicted most poorly due to limitati...
The Sociology of Concentration Camps

T HE Nuernberg Trials, the reports of various investigating committees, and detailed and voluminous accounts of eyewitnesses have told the story of Nazi concentration camps to the world. With the verdict of universal condemnation and the punishment of the perpetrators who could be apprehended the main purpose for telling the story has been fulfilled. It is now the turn of the social scientists to take up the material and to analyze and interpret it. In what follows we shall attempt to discuss some of the tasks and approaches which sociologists have initiated in their preliminary investigation of the material.*
Ecological factors affecting durian production in the forest gardens of West Kalimantan, Indonesia : a GIS-based cross-sectional analysis of a locally-developed agroforestry system

Whereas a natural ecosystem is stochastically created by mechanism of natural selection, an agroecosystem is systematically fashioned by farmers in response to specificperceived ecological and economic constraints. In this paper, I employ a geographical information systems (GIS) based analysis to examine the beliefs of forest garden owners in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, regarding ecological factors involved in maximizing durian fruit (Durio zibethinus) production. Factors that I tested included individual tree characteristics (age, size, color), microsite factors (on or off ridge, near stream, slope, proximity to rock outcrops, in dry or swampy site), species associations (with other types of trees, spacing to nearest large tree), and the overall position of the garden (on flat land or hill, distance to natural forest). I first conclude that respondents generally had accurate perceptions as to how ecological factors influence durian production. I then briefly discuss how the findings of this study could be used to improve existing and future durian gardens. Finally, I discuss the potential for studying slow-growing agroforestry systems using cross-sectional data collected from plots owned and managed by individual house-holds through the use of a GIS and statistical control.
Zinc(II) and cadmium(II) monohydroxide bridged, dinuclear metallacycles: a unique case of concerted double Berry pseudorotation.

The reactions of M(ClO4)2·6H2O [M = Zn(II), Cd(II)] and the ligands m-bis[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene, Lm, or m-bis[bis(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene, Lm*, in the presence of a base yi...
Hemadsorption by coronavirus strain OC43.

SummaryOC43 virus-infected BS-C-1, rhesus MK, HEK, and HDCS WI38 cell cultures were found to hemadsorb rat and mouse erythrocytes. The hemadsorption technique provided a simple method for performing OC43 virus neutralization tests with both human and animal sera.
A Distributed Cache Protocol

In this chapter, we look at an application of the SMV symbolic model checker to a cache consistency protocol developed at Encore Computer Corporation for their Gigamax distributed multiprocessor [MS91]. This protocol is of interest as a test case for automatic verification for two reasons. First, it is not a theoretical exercise, but a real design, which is driven by considerations of performance and economics, as well as the usual constraints of industrial design, such as compatibility with existing hardware and software. Second, this protocol is a good example of a system where random simulation methods are ineffective in finding all the design errors.
Pill track recognition based on artificial intervention and machine vision

Based on machine vision principle,we proposed a new method for recognizing pill track of anti-aircraft guns by using artificial intervention and machine vision together.The method combined artificial selection,edge moment matching and knowledge consequence together.We used this method for analyzing a piece of anti-aircraft gun shooting kinescope,and obtained the track of pills,which proved that the method is feasible.
Ask and You Shall Receive: Empirically Evaluating Declarative Approaches to Finding Data in Unstructured Heaps.

This paper reports on experience with the engineering and empirical evaluation of data management software that stores objects in collections like the ArrayList or Vector. While many programs may retrieve an object from a collection by iteratively evaluating each object according to a set of condition(s), this imperative retrieval process becomes more challenging and error-prone as it applies many complex criteria to find the matching objects in multiple collections. Query languages for unstructured Java virtual machine (JVM) heaps present an alternative to the imperative approach for finding the matching objects. Using a benchmarking framework that measures the performance of declarative approaches to identifying certain objects in the JVM heap, this paper empirically evaluates two query languages, JQL and JoSQL. Both the experiences and the experimental results reveal trade-offs in the performance and overall viability of the query languages and the imperative approaches.
Ureterolithotomy for Juxtavesicular Stone

AbstractStones within the distal 8cm. of the ureter often can be approached more readily through the posterior wall of the bladder than extravesically. The method and its indications are described.
The Inaugural Use of Gene Editing for the Study of Tumor Suppressor Pathways in Human Cells—p21WAF1/CIP1

See related article Waldman et al., [Cancer Res 1995;55:5187–90][1] . Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][2]. By the early to mid-1990s it was becoming increasing clear that cancer was in large part a loss-of-function disease, caused by inactivating mutations in tumor