cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secondary Terms in Asymptotics for the Number of Zeros of Quadratic Forms

Let $F$ be a non-degenerate quadratic form on an $n$-dimensional vector space $V$ over the rational numbers. One is interested in counting the number of zeros of the quadratic form whose coordinates are restricted in a smoothed box of size $B$, roughly speaking. For example, Heath-Brown gave an asymptotic of the form: $c_1 B^{n-2} +O_{J,\epsilon, \omega}(B^{(n-1)/2+\epsilon})$, for any $\epsilon > 0$ and dim$V \geq 5$, where $c_1 \in \mathbb{C}$ and $\omega \in \mathcal{S}(V(\mathbb{R}))$ is a smooth function. More recently, Getz gave an asymptotic of the form: $c_1 B^{n-2} + c_2 B^{n/2}+O_{J,\epsilon, \omega}(B^{n/2+\epsilon-1})$ when $n$ is even, in which $c_2 \in \mathbb{C}$ has a pleasant geometric interpretation. We consider the case where $n$ is odd and give an analogous asymptotic of the form: $c_1 B^{n-2} +c_2B^{(n-1)/2}+O_{J,\epsilon,\omega}(B^{n/2+\epsilon-1})$. Notably it turns out that the geometric interpretation of the constant $c_2$ of the asymptotic in the odd degree and even degree cases is strikingly different.
Adaptation of translational machinery in malaria parasites to accommodate translation of poly-adenosine stretches throughout its life cycle

Malaria is caused by unicellular apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which includes the major human parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The complex cycle of the malaria parasite in both mosquito and human hosts has been studied extensively. There is tight control of gene expression in each developmental stage, and at every level of gene synthesis: from RNA transcription, to its subsequent translation, and finally post-translational modifications of the resulting protein. Whole-genome sequencing of P. falciparum has laid the foundation for significant biological advances by revealing surprising genomic information. The P. falciparum genome is extremely AT-rich (∼80%), with a substantial portion of genes encoding intragenic polyadenosine (polyA) tracks being expressed throughout the entire parasite life cycle. In most eukaryotes, intragenic polyA runs act as negative regulators of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that translation of mRNAs containing 12 or more consecutive adenosines results in ribosomal stalling and frameshifting; activating mRNA surveillance mechanisms. In contrast, P. falciparum translational machinery can efficiently and accurately translate polyA tracks without activating mRNA surveillance pathways. This unique feature of P. falciparum raises interesting questions: (1) How is P. falciparum able to efficiently and correctly translate polyA track transcripts, and (2) What are the specifics of the translational machinery and mRNA surveillance mechanisms that separate P. falciparum from other organisms? In this review, we analyze possible evolutionary shifts in P. falciparum protein synthesis machinery that allow efficient translation of an AU rich-transcriptome. We focus on physiological and structural differences of P. falciparum stage specific ribosomes, ribosome-associated proteins, and changes in mRNA surveillance mechanisms throughout the complete parasite life cycle, with an emphasis on the mosquito and liver stages.
The FAST graph: A novel framework for the anatomically-guided visualization and analysis of cortico-cortical evoked potentials.

Abstract Background Intracerebral electroencephalography (iEEG) using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) methodology for epilepsy surgery gives rise to complex data sets. The neurophysiological data obtained during the in-patient period includes categorization of the evoked potentials resulting from direct electrical cortical stimulation such as cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs). These potentials are recorded by hundreds of contacts, making these waveforms difficult to quickly interpret over such high-density arrays that are organized in three dimensional fashion. New Method The challenge in analyzing CCEPs data arises not just from the density of the array, but also from the stimulation of a number of different intracerebral sites. A systematic methodology for visualization and analysis of these evoked data is lacking. We describe the process of incorporating anatomical information into the visualizations, which are then compared to more traditional plotting techniques to highlight the usefulness of the new framework. Results We describe here an innovative framework for sorting, registering, labeling, ordering, and quantifying the functional CCEPs data, using the anatomical labelling of the brain, to provide an informative visualization and summary statistics which we call the “FAST graph” (Functional-Anatomical STacked area graphs). The FAST graph analysis is used to depict the significant CCEPs responses in patient with focal epilepsy. Conclusions The novel plotting approach shown here allows us to visualize high-density stimulation data in a single summary plot for subsequent detailed analyses. Improving the visual presentation of complex data sets aides in enhancing the clinical utility of the data.
An Exploration of Body Image Perceptions and Education Needs of Military Parents of Preschool Children

It is important to understand the military service members’ and their families’ weight and body image perceptions in order to adequately develop intervention programs for the service members and their families. Also, preschool-age children hold negative attitudes toward peers who are overweight or obese, and these attitudes may be related to their experiences in family environments (Holub, 2008). Thus, it is important to understand children’s body image. The purpose of this study is to understand body image perceptions and educational needs of military parents of preschool children.
Rates, Risk Factors, and Complications of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Metastatic Spinal Tumor Surgery: An Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Surgical Database.

Objective To identify rates, risks, and complications of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in metastatic spinal tumor surgery. Methods The multicenter prospective American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program database was queried for the years 2012–2016. Adult patients with disseminated cancer who underwent metastatic spinal tumor surgery were identified. Transfusion was defined as having received at least 1 intraoperative/postoperative RBC transfusion within the first 72 hours of surgery start time. A stepwise multiple logistic regression model with backward elimination was used. Results Of 1601 patients identified, 623 patients (38.9%) received a RBC transfusion. Independent predictors of RBC transfusion included higher American Society of Anesthesiologists class (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54), preoperative anemia (OR = 3.10), instrumentation (OR = 1.63), and longer operative time (OR = 1.52). The overall complication rate was significantly higher in patients who received a transfusion compared with patients who did not receive a transfusion (22.3% vs. 15.0%, P Conclusions RBC transfusion after metastatic spinal tumor surgery may increase the risk of early postoperative complications. Future research into preoperative patient optimization and decreasing intraoperative blood loss is needed.
A redox switch regulates the structure and function of anti-apoptotic BFL-1

Apoptosis is regulated by BCL-2 family proteins. Anti-apoptotic members suppress cell death by deploying a surface groove to capture the critical BH3 α-helix of pro-apoptotic members. Cancer cells hijack this mechanism by overexpressing anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins to enforce cellular immortality. We previously identified and harnessed a unique cysteine (C55) in the groove of anti-apoptotic BFL-1 to selectively neutralize its oncogenic activity using a covalent stapled-peptide inhibitor. Here, we find that disulfide bonding between a native cysteine pair at the groove (C55) and C-terminal α9 helix (C175) of BFL-1 operates as a redox switch to control the accessibility of the anti-apoptotic pocket. Reducing the C55-C175 disulfide triggers α9 release, which promotes mitochondrial translocation, groove exposure for BH3 interaction and inhibition of mitochondrial permeabilization by pro-apoptotic BAX. C55-C175 disulfide formation in an oxidative cellular environment abrogates the ability of BFL-1 to bind BH3 domains. Thus, we identify a mechanism of conformational control of BFL-1 by an intramolecular redox switch.
British Nautical Melodramas, 1820–1850: edited by Arnold Schmidt, 3 volumes, Abingdon and New York, Routledge, 2019, xxxviii + 1224 pp., 21 illustrations.

British melodrama deserves the increased attention of recent years. Melodrama was, after all, the dominant genre of the nineteenth century, and nautical melodramas addressed a major enterprise of t...
A Primer on Integral Theory and Its Application to Mental Health Care

Contemporary psychiatry has become increasingly focused on biological treatments. Many critics claim that the current paradigm of psychiatry has failed to address the escalating mental health-care ...
Establishing Your Online Profile

Creating an online profile is one strategy to improve your professionalism. Through the use of social media platforms, English language teaching experts will be able to connect virtually and physically to share information, network and address opportunities to outreach with broader audiences. The chapter provides a practical perspective on how to successfully build the online profile. To do so, you need to engage cautiously as well as ingeniously and resourcefully. Conscious use of the popular communication tools with such engagement will stimulate creative out-of-the-box planning that will materialize impression management building. In short, you must engage strategically to portray your professionalism.
Commutation Method for a Three-Phase Current-Sourced High-Frequency AC-link Inverter

This paper presents the results of recent work on developing a three-phase current-sourced high-frequency (HF) ac-link inverter. Two significant contributions are presented: first, the basic operation principles of the topology are analyzed, and second, a new commutation method for a three-phase current-sourced HF link is introduced. The HF ac-link inverter includes neither a large size line frequency transformer nor dc-link capacitors, so the size of the inverter can be reduced, and the reliability of the inverter can be improved. However, modulation methods for a voltage-sourced HF ac-link inverter are not suitable for a three-phase current-sourced HF ac-link inverter. Therefore, based on the analysis of the operations of a three-phase current-sourced HF ac-link inverter and the specific requirements for current commutations, this paper develops a new commutation method for a three-phase current-sourced HF ac-link inverter. MATLAB/Simulink simulations verify the new commutation method.
AI's Legitimate Interest

Health data uses are on the rise. Increasingly more often, data are used for a variety of operational, diagnostic, and technical uses, as in the Internet of Health Things. Never has quality data been more necessary: large data stores now power the most advanced artificial intelligence applications, applications that may enable early diagnosis of chronic diseases and enable personalized medical treatment. These data, both personally identifiable and de-identified, have the potential to dramatically improve the quality, effectiveness, and safety of artificial intelligence. Existing privacy laws do not 1) effectively protect the privacy interests of individuals and 2) provide the flexibility needed to support artificial intelligence applications. This paper identifies some of the key challenges with existing privacy laws, including the ineffectiveness of de-identification and data minimization protocols in practice and issues with notice and consent as they apply to artificial intelligence applications, then proposes an alternative privacy model. This model introduces a more restrictive approach to health privacy while introducing an interest balancing approach to data processing and retention to benefit individuals and the general public.
Geographical influences on thyroid abnormalities in adult population from iodine-replete regions: a cross-sectional study.

The studies on the increasing incidence of thyroid abnormalities are scarce. The aim of this current study was to ascertain the effects of geographical region on thyroid abnormalities under the context of universal salt iodization (USI). We randomly selected 1255 participants residing in inland and 1248 in coast, with the determination of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and functional and morphological abnormalities of thyroid gland. The median UIC was significantly higher for the inland participants (188.5 μg/L) than the coastal participants (128.5 μg/L; p < 0.001), indicating iodine sufficiency in both populations according to the recommended assessment criteria by the World Health Organization. However, the spectrum of thyroid abnormalities varied between regions, with hypothyroidism prevalent in inland and thyroid nodules in coast. The associations between region and thyroid abnormalities via binary logistic regression models showed that the coastal participants were at a higher risk of total thyroid abnormalities than those from the inland (OR 1.216, 95% CI 1.020–1.449), after the adjustment of ten confounders (demographical characteristics, smoking status, metabolism syndrome, and hyperuricemia). These results indicated that further investigations of the adverse effects of hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules on health burden is urgently needed to sustain USI program.
Reason and Experience in Mendelssohn and Kant: by Paul Guyer, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, viii + 361 pp., €41.85 ($50.00) (hbk), ISBN: 9780198850335

Although scholars such as Norbert Hinske and Daniel Dahlstrom have produced chapters and articles dealing with various points of confluence between Moses Mendelssohn and Kant, Paul Guyer’s Reason a...
I See Dead µops: Leaking Secrets via Intel/AMD Micro-Op Caches

Modern Intel, AMD, and ARM processors translate complex instructions into simpler internal micro-ops that are then cached in a dedicated on-chip structure called the micro-op cache. This work presents an in-depth characterization study of the micro-op cache, reverse-engineering many undocumented features, and further describes attacks that exploit the micro-op cache as a timing channel to transmit secret information. In particular, this paper describes three attacks - (1) a same thread cross-domain attack that leaks secrets across the user-kernel boundary, (2) a cross-SMT thread attack that transmits secrets across two SMT threads via the micro-op cache, and (3) transient execution attacks that have the ability to leak an unauthorized secret accessed along a misspeculated path, even before the transient instruction is dispatched to execution, breaking several existing invisible speculation and fencing-based solutions that mitigate Spectre.
Optical Properties of Metals

Publisher Summary The optical properties of metals are associated with high reflectivity and low transmission. In a quantitative way, the optical properties of metals are given in terms of two constants: the index of refraction and the absorption coefficient. In defining the index of refraction and absorption coefficient of a metal, it is specified that the amplitude is constant along a wave front. This is usually the case only for normal incidence. A comparatively recent advance in understanding the optical properties of metals has been provided by the anomalous skin effect. It is pointed out earlier that light penetrates into the metal only a short distance; therefore, the surface conditions are very important. The situation in which a light wave falls upon a metal at normal incidence is analogous to that surrounding a wire carrying a high-frequency current. The electric and magnetic fields are parallel to the surface and the Poynting vector delivers energy to the metal in regions where the energy is converted to heat.
Role of the renal nerves in hypertension.

MAJOR hypothesis for the development of hypertension is that abnormal renal function is critical for the initiation, development, or maintenance of primary hypertension.’ The maintenance of sodium and water balance by the kidneys is believed to be primary in long-term control of arterial pressure. An increase in arterial pressure leads to an increased urinary sodium and water excretion with consequent reduction of blood volume until arterial pressure is returned to normal. In hypertension, it is hypothesized that factors disrupt the maintenance of sodium and water balance by the kidneys such that an elevated arterial pressure is required to reestablish and maintain normal sodium and water balance. Several types of renal dysfunction could contribute to the hypertensive state, including increased renal vascular resistance, increased renal retention of sodium and water, and increased release of renin, catecholamines, or other vasoactive substances. As will be presented shortly, the extensive sympathetic innervation of the kidney is known to be important in the physiological regulation of these renal functions. Thus, excessive efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity could result in these postulated renal dysfunctions and contribute importantly to the initiation, development, and maintenance of the hypertensive state.
Modeling Blog Dynamics.

How do blogs produce posts? What local, underlying mechanisms lead to the bursty temporal behaviors observed in blog networks? Earlier work analyzed network patterns of blogs and found that blog behavior is bursty and often follows power laws in both topological and temporal characteristics. However, no intuitive and realistic model has yet been introduced, that can lead to such patterns. This is exactly the focus of this work. We propose a generative model that uses simple and intuitive principles for each individual blog, and yet it is able to produce the temporal characteristics of the blogosphere together with global topological network patterns, like power-laws for degree distributions, for inter-posting times, and several more. Our model ZC uses a novel ‘zero-crossing’ approach based on a random walk, combined with other powerful ideas like exploration and exploitation. This makes it the first model to simultaneously model the topology and temporal dynamics of the blogosphere. We validate our model with experiments on a large collection of 45,000 blogs and 2.2 million posts.
Left-Sided Leg Edema Of The Elderly: A Common Variant Of The Iliac Compression Syndrome

BACKGROUND Anatomically, the right common iliac artery crosses the left iliac vein and its accompanying lymphatics. We hypothesized that this situation could lead to a predominance of edema, telangiectasis, and venous varicosities on the left lower extremities of older persons. METHODS To test this hypothesis, a research assistant who was blinded to the study goals examined 215 predominantly elderly residents of North Carolina homes for the aged and disabled. RESULTS Among these subjects, 17.7 percent had predominantly left-sided edema, and 5.7 percent had predominantly right-sided edema (P < 0.001). When the 88 subjects with pitting edema greater than 3 mm were studied, 34.5 percent showed a left-sided predominance, and 6.9 percent showed a right-sided predominance (P < 0.001). In contrast, no significant difference was found in the lateralization of venous varicosities or of telangiectasis. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetric edema is common and is usually left-sided in older persons. Compression of the left common iliac vein and its accompanying lymphatics by the right iliac artery, rather than overt clinical disease, might explain the majority of asymmetric edema seen in clinical practice.
Psychology old and new

INTRODUCTION Psychology as the study of mind was an established subject throughout the nineteenth century in Britain, Germany, France, and the United States. This established psychology was in part a school discipline, conveyed in textbooks and lectures surveying the theory of mind. Standard topics included the senses, imagination, memory, intellect, emotions, will, bodily motion, the nature of mind, and the question of mind-body interaction. During this time, psychology was also an object of research and speculation by physicians and independent scholars. James Mill, John Stuart Mill, George Henry Lewes, Francis Galton, and George Romanes, none of whom held university appointments, published general works or specialist treatises on psychological topics. From early in the century physicians conducted empirical research on sensory perception, drawing on their own perceptual experience and clinical observation. Textbooks on human and comparative physiology contained psychological chapters, and medical journals published psychological work (e.g., Carpenter 1837, Dunn 1858). Early on J. F. Herbart (1816 [1891], 1824–5) and F. E. Beneke (1833) in Germany, and later Alexander Bain (1855: v) and Lewes (1857: 621) in Britain, renewed the call for a genuinely scientific psychology or ‘science of mind’ (a call issued earlier by Bonnet 1755 and Kruger 1756, among others). By the middle of the century quantitative studies, found sparsely but regularly in eighteenth-century works on vision, were becoming common in sensory physiology and psychology. At universities, the discipline of psychology was variously located within faculties or schools of philosophy. ‘Philosophy’ at this time had both broad and narrow senses. Broadly, it was roughly equivalent to the ‘arts and sciences’; narrowly, it might be restricted to logic, metaphysics, moral philosophy, and natural philosophy (though the latter was becoming separate as ‘natural science’).
Effect of Linolenic Acid Upon the Metabolism of Linoleic Acid

Weanling rats were fed a fat-free diet supplemented with various ratios of corn and linseed oils to furnish a constant dietary level of linolenate at 1% of calories and levels of linoleate from 0.3 to 17.3% of calories. The fatty acid composition of the total liver lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography. Increasing amounts of dietary linoleate suppressed the levels of the 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 metabo lites of linolenic acid in the liver lipids. The level of dietary vitamin E had no effect upon this phenomenon. When the level of dietary linoleate was increased, the level of 22:4 in the liver lipids, as well as the other metabolites of linoleate, was shown to increase.
Rat and Human Liver Cytochrome P-450 Isoform Metabolism of Ecteinascidin 743 Does Not Predict Gender-dependent Toxicity in Humans

Ecteinascidin 743 (ET743, NSC648766) is a marine natural product with potent in vivo activity in human xenograft models. Hepatotoxicity was the most prominent toxicity in preclinical studies and was greater in female rats than in male rats. To assess the potential implications for human toxicities, the in vitro metabolism of ET743 was characterized using rat and human preparations. NADPH-dependent ET743 metabolism was greater with male rat liver microsomal preparations than with preparations from female rats and was induced by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital and dexamethasone but not by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. Rat and human microsomal metabolism of ET743 was reduced in the presence of chemical CYP3A inhibitors or antirat CYP3A2 antiserum and to a much lesser extent by CYP2E, CYP2C, and CYP2A inhibitors. In human liver panel studies, ET743 disappearance was highly correlated with CYP3A activities and to a lesser extent with CYP2C activities. ET743 was metabolized by a number of cDNA-expressed rat P-450 isoforms, including male-predominant CYP2A2 and CYP3A2. ET743 was metabolized by cDNA-expressed human CYP3A4 and to a much lesser extent by CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 preparations. Three oxidative metabolites were detected in cDNA-expressed isoform incubations, including the N-demethylated metabolite ET729 and two additional products characterized by laser capture-mass spectrometry analyses. The plasma pharmacokinetics and biliary excretion of ET743 were characterized in rats. There were no gender-dependent differences in half-life or total body clearance values. Although very modest, the biliary excretion of ET743 in male rats (0.48%) was greater than in female rats (0.28%). In contrast, the biliary excretion of the cytotoxic N-demethylated metabolite ET729 was 5-fold greater in the female rat (1.05% of dose) than in the male rat (0.19% of dose). Biliary excretion of ET729 may contribute to the hepatic toxicity in rats. These data are consistent with a major role for CYP3A isoforms in ET743 rat and human metabolism. Although there are conflicting data in the literature, expression of CYP3A isoforms in human tissues and elimination of CYP3A substrates have not been shown to vary substantially by gender. There are no indications that the other CYP isoforms implicated in ET743 metabolism are expressed differently in males and females. Thus, although it is not possible to rule out gender differences in ET743 human toxicities, our data do not predict major gender-dependent differences in the toxicity of ET743 based on metabolism.
From Taboo to Tourist Industry: The Construction of Interracial Intimacies between Black Men and White Women in Colonial and Contemporary Times

This literature review examines the role emotions play in the construction and regulation of commercialized heterosexual interracial intimacies between White women and Black men, beginning with the strict regulations of the colonial era, and moving to the development of “romance tourism” in the contemporary era between Northern White women and Black men in the Caribbean. During colonialism, White men constructed a taboo against sexual relationships between White women and Black men in order to ensure their dominance over women in their own racial group and all “Other” men. In contemporary times, relationships between White women and Black men have moved from taboo and marginalized to touristic attraction, as more middle class White women from the United States head to the Caribbean (and at times Africa) in search of romance with local men, demonstrating the importance that emotions like desire have in (re)producing globalization.
Piezoelectric hydraulic pump development

A piezohydraulic pump is presented that makes use of the step-and-repeat capability of piezoelectric actuators. This work discusses piezohydraulic pumping theory, pump design, and pump performance....
Laser Ablation of Placental Vessels in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Paradigm for Endoscopic Fetal Surgery

Abstract Endoscopic fetal surgery is most commonly used for the treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), but the surgical techniques can be applied to other forms of fetal surgery. We present our experience with endoscopic fetal surgery over the past 10 years. From 2000 to 2010, 70 endoscopic laser ablations of placental vessels for TTTS were performed. Median number of placental vessels ablated was four. The incidence of preterm rupture of membranes (PROM) was 6%. Overall survival was 70%, with at least one twin surviving in 82%. Tocolysis was used in 73% of patients for a median of 12 hours. The combination of an open surgical approach, Seldinger technique, and uterine plugging led to outcomes similar to other reports, with a significantly lower PROM rate. Although TTTS is the most common application of endoscopic fetal surgery, this approach is applicable for other indications. Insertion and removal of tracheal occlusion balloons for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia are currently be...
Ischemic Postconditioning Does Not Attenuate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Rabbit Small Intestine

Objective— To determine whether ischemic postconditioning can attenuate intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury and has a beneficial effect on tissue blood flow during reperfusion. Study Design— In vivo experimental study. Animals— New Zealand White rabbits (n=6). Methods— Rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital, to avoid the preconditioning effects of volatile anesthetics, and ventilated with room air. Rectal temperature, hemodynamics, and normocapnia were maintained. After celiotomy, 3 jejunal segments were isolated in each rabbit for the following groups: (1) control, (2) I–R, and (3) I–R with postconditioning. I–R was induced by a 45-minute occlusion of the segment jejunal artery followed by 2-hour reperfusion. The postconditioning segment had 4 cycles of 30-second reperfusion and 30-second reocclusion during the initial 4 minutes of reperfusion. Stable isotope-labeled microspheres were used to measure intestinal blood flow at baseline, end occlusion, and end reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, intestine segments were harvested and the rabbits euthanatized. A semiquantitative histopathologic evaluation (0–5) was conducted by a single, blinded observer. Wet-to-dry weight ratios were calculated to assess intestinal edema. Results— There was no significant difference in grade of necrosis, tissue wet-to-dry weight ratios, or blood flow at any time point between ischemic and postconditioning groups. Conclusions— Ischemic postconditioning was ineffective in this model of intestinal I–R. Clinical Relevance— Further experimental studies will need to be performed before clinical application of postconditioning for intestinal ischemia.
Restricted spacer tolerance of a zinc finger nuclease with a six amino acid linker

Zinc finger nucleases can be engineered to create highly efficient and precise changes to the genetic information within living cells. We report the investigation of an important parameter that defines the type of target site the nuclease can cleave. The active nuclease is a dimer, requiring that the DNA target site contain two zinc finger binding sites separated by a short spacer. Using a plasmid-based recombination assay in HEK 293T cells, we show that a 6 amino acid linker between the zinc finger DNA-binding domain and the FokI cleavage domain restricts nuclease activity to sites containing a 6 bp spacer. These observations concur with other recent studies, suggesting this information will be useful in the design of new potent and accurate zinc finger nucleases.
Hydrogen abundance in Jupiter's atmosphere

Abstract Spectra of Jupiter showing the (4−0) S(1) hydrogen quadrupole line at 6367.80 A have been used to derived the amount of hydrogen contributing to the formation of the line: 75 ± 15 km-atm, neglecting scattering. This and measurements by other authors are used to test whether the C/H ratio for Jupiter's atmosphere is equal to the solar value.
A proposed, tested, and applied adjustment to account for bias in growth parameter estimates due to selectivity

Abstract Growth information is important for stock assessments because it gives an indication of spawning stock biomass in the form of weight or fecundity, which is an important indicator of stock status, as well as being important if fitting to length composition data. Sampling for growth characteristics should include all ages and sizes in the population, but data are often only available from fishery-dependent sampling, which can lead to biased estimates of true underlying population growth parameters because of selectivity, which includes both gear selectivity and availability. Two stock assessments with the potential for biased growth because of dome-shaped selectivity and lack of fishery-independent age data are the Gulf and Atlantic menhaden assessments. The objectives of our study were (1) to develop and test a method to estimate unbiased growth parameters regardless of the selectivity of the gear used to sample ages and lengths and (2) to apply the proposed method to fit unbiased population growth parameters for Gulf and Atlantic menhaden. We propose a method to adjust for the bias in the growth curve parameters and account for missing samples at smaller and larger lengths. The proposed method was tested on simulated data and applied to data for Gulf and Atlantic menhaden. Use of the adjustments was robust and resulted in reduced bias in the growth parameter estimates with accuracy being affected by both sample size and variability in mean length at age. Increasing the sample sizes increased the accuracy of the adjustments (i.e., as the coefficient of variation (CV) for length at age increased, the accuracy of the estimates decreased). For Gulf menhaden, the parameters estimated for the unadjusted growth curve were L ∞ = 240.8, k = 0.38, t 0 = −1.14, and CV of length at age = 0.06 (assumed constant) with a total sample size of 366,710 from 1977 to 2011. For Atlantic menhaden, the parameters estimated for the unadjusted growth curve were L ∞ = 350.9, k = 0.32, t 0 = −0.83, and CV of length at age = 0.12 (assumed constant) with a total sample size of 480,668 from 1955 to 2011. The adjustment for a maximum length of capture had a large impact on the overall growth parameters for both species, while the adjustment for a minimum length of capture had less impact. Bias in the growth curve parameter estimates can be reduced by using the method outlined to account for selectivity.
Criticism, Écriture, and Orality in the African Novel: Oral Discourse in Aminata Sow Fall's Work

The literary field in Africa came into emergence as a result of a collective yearning for lesser dependency on the symbolic constraints the Western center is forcing on its margins. Granted that a work sets itself up by setting up its own context, and that the African context stands out as one where oral literature is still alive in society, the manifestation of expressive forms associated with traditional literature in a novel must carry heavy weight in an interpretation of African works. For that reason, this essay will argue that, through her “smuggling” of narrative forms drawn from oral literature, Aminata Sow Fall’s fiction testifies to an oral discursivity at work in the novel. The archi-textual approach focuses on various strategies the Senegalese woman writer resorts to in order to inscribe, deep within her creative work in French, a traditional universe hitherto conveyed through oral forms of expression.
Catheter Induced Distal Intra‐Hisian Right Bundle Branch Block in a Patient with Persistent Proximal Intra‐Hisian Complete A‐V Block

We describe a patient with complete intra-Hisian A-V block and narrow QRS who developed catheter-induced right bundle branch block during an electrophysiological study. Selective His bundle pacing was performed during complete intra-Hisian A-V block and right bundle branch block pattern; the distal His bundle pacing nor-malized the QRS complex, while a more proximal His bundle stimulation showed a right bundle branch block configuration with the persistence of the proximal intra-Hisian lesion responsible for the complete A-V block. These electrophysiological findings suggest that the catheter-induced right bundle branch block in our patient was due to a focal lesion in the distal part of the main His bundle, To our knowledge, this is the first report of documented multilevel lesions within the His bundle in man.
Respiratory muscle plasticity

Plasticity of respiratory muscles must be considered in the context of their unique physiological demands. The continuous rhythmic activation of respiratory muscles makes them among the most active in the body. Respiratory muscles, especially the diaphragm, are non-weight-bearing, and thus, in contrast to limb muscles, are not exposed to gravitational effects. Perturbations in normal activation and load known to induce plasticity in limb muscles may not cause similar adaptations in respiratory muscles. In this review, we explore the structural and functional properties of the diaphragm muscle and their response to alterations in load and activity. Overall, relatively modest changes in diaphragm structural and functional properties occur in response to perturbations in load or activity. However, disruptions in the normal influence of phrenic innervation by frank denervation, tetrodotoxin nerve block and spinal hemisection, induce profound changes in the diaphragm, indicating the substantial trophic influence of phrenic motoneurons on diaphragm muscle.
Survey of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction at High Speed by Energy Deposition

A selected survey of aerodynamic drag reduction at high speed is presented. The dimensionless governing parameters are described for energy deposition in an ideal gas. The types of energy deposition are divided into two categories. First, energy deposition in a uniform supersonic flow is discussed. Second, energy deposition upstream of a simple aerodynamic body is examined. Both steady and unsteady (pulsed) energy deposition are examined for both categories, as well as the conditions for the formation of shock waves and recirculation regions. The capability of energy deposition to reduce drag is demonstrated experimentally. Areas for future research are briefly discussed.
Solid-state isomerism and intermetallic interactions in rhodium(I) and carbonyl--amine complexes

Abstract The halogen-bridged rhodium(I) carbonyl halides, [Rh 2 X 2 (CO) 4 ] (X = Cl or Br), undergo a typical bridge-splitting reaction when treated with ammonia or amines, yielding compounds of the type [RhX(CO) 2 (Amine)] which are remarkable for the striking variety of their colors. In the present study, the color-structure selationship of these complexes was investigated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques, utilizing a series of some fifty species specifically prepared to include a variety of primary, secondary and heteroaromatic amines. It was found that in solution all complexes exist as non-ionic, monomeric, square-planar entities, whereas in the crystalline state two forms are possible. In one form the individual coordination entries closely resemble those present in solution and thus are essentially independent of each other. In the other form, the coordination entities interact through the Rh(I) centers and their optical spectra indicate electron delocalization leading to unidimensional complex chains. The electronic spectral pattern of these complexes may be considered to be a diagnostic feature for square planar d 8 systems with axial metal--metal interactions.
Actinic reticuloid in a black man: Successful therapy with azathioprine

A 61-year-old black man suffering from actinic reticuloid with contact allergy to four substances, extreme sensitivity to both ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B, normal visible light sensitivity, and negative results on photopatch tests was placed on a regimen of azathioprine, 50 mg twice a day. At 3 months, clinical appearance was unchanged, as was his strong contact allergy; however, tolerance to natural sunlight was markedly improved. At 6 months the clinical appearance and ultraviolet responses were normal; however, strong contact allergy persisted. To our knowledge, this is the first report of actinic reticuloid in a black person. Azathioprine, after giving an excellent clinical response without leukopenia, was discontinued. A further 9-month follow-up showed continued remission. The persistence of contact allergy, despite profound improvement in photosensitivity and the skin's appearance, suggests that the role of contact allergy in the cause of actinic reticuloid is unclear, and the existence and identity of the hypothesized photosensitizer(s) in actinic reticuloid remain unproved.
A simple method for repeated bone marrow aspirations in rats.

Conclusions1. A method for obtaining weekly bone marrow samples of adult rats is presented. 2. The bone marrow obtained from the iliac bone is essentially the same as has been obtained from the femur by previous investigators.
Quantum information theory for model abstraction techniques

The intent of this paper to bring forward and explore a possible use of the emerging field of quantum information sciences to the modeling and simulation community. It is desired that this research will open new pathways and partnerships where quantum information theory may be applied to modeling techniques. The issue for a mixed resolution model/simulation is how one may provide for the correct data exchange between the differing levels of detail that exist among individual models. The concept behind model abstraction is to extract the essence of a high-resolution model to a level proper for the simulation. There is always a challenge to find a balance between speed of the simulation (lower resolution in the models) and the required level of detail to extract the intended information from the simulation. While computing speed is a quantity, which may be measured somewhat easily, the fitness of the detail extracted from a model is often questionable and subjectively measured. This paper will discuss the use of quantum information theory as a means to quantify differing levels of detail in mixed resolution simulations. An overview of information theory is provided in section 2. This is followed by a brief look at methods used to determine the fidelity of information passed as an abstracted model.
Interface curvature via volume fractions, heights, and mean values on nonuniform rectangular grids

Estimating the local curvature of an interface involves the local determination of normals to the interface, and the rates that they turn along the interface. This is challenging in volume-of-fluid type methods since the interface between materials is specified by the relative amount it cuts off from the computational cells that it crosses (also referred to as volume fraction data) rather than by a discrete set of points lying on the interface itself. In this work, we generalize the height function method to nonuniform rectangular grids. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that-using three successive (adjacent) integral mean values (or ''column'' heights)-interface curvature can be estimated to second-order accuracy, the first derivative (interface normal) to third-order accuracy, and the curve location to fourth-order accuracy-each at its own special points. We also show that there are special points where the curvature can be estimated to fourth-order accuracy when using five successive mean values instead. Underlying all this is a result about the accuracy of the jth-derivative of the kth-degree polynomial that interpolates a function F at k+1 stencil points placed irregularly in an interval of width h. Namely, for all smooth enough functions F and for k fixed and h getting small, there are k+1-j special points in the interval at which the error in the jth derivative is of order O(h^k^+^2^-^j). (This is one order higher than the usual O(h^k^+^1^-^j) error holding over the whole interval for that derivative.) The special points in the interval are the k+1-j (real) zeroes of certain F-independent polynomials, of degree k+1-j, with coefficients depending on the interval's stencil points. In our case, let F(x) be an indefinite integral of the unknown interfacial curve f(x). Then F(x"i) at k+1 successive stencil points x"i is calculated using cumulative sums of the k successive integral mean values of f, weighted by the successive interval sizes. The k+1 points (x"i,F(x"i)) are now interpolated by a kth degree polynomial (PF)(x). It's first derivative (PF)^(^1^) approximates the unknown curve f; while (PF)^(^2^) and (PF)^(^3^), respectively, approximate f^(^1^) and f^(^2^). Thus, the results above using three successive mean values correspond to k=3 and j=3,2,1. The curvature result using five successive mean values correspond to k=5 and j=3. For this last case, since the curvature @k=f^(^2^)/(1+(f^(^1^))^2)^3^/^2, we use the facts that f^(^1^)=F^(^2^)=(PF)^(^2^)+O(h^4) on the whole stencil interval, not just at the three special points having O(h^4) accuracy for f^(^2^).
Minimally Invasive versus Open Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review

Background Although conventional open posterior lumbar interbody fusion (open PLIF) is efficacious in management of lumbar spinal instability, concerns exist regarding lengthy hospital stays, blood loss, and postoperative complications. Minimally invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion (MIS PLIF) may be able to address these concerns, but the research on this topic has not been systematically reviewed.
EGFR signaling to p120-catenin through phosphorylation at Y228

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signals to p120ctn (p120), implying a role for EGFR in modulating cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues. p120 controls cadherin turnover, and may have other roles that modulate cadherin adhesiveness. To clarify the role for EGFR and other tyrosine kinases in regulating p120 function, we have generated and characterized a new phosphospecific antibody to p120 Y228, as well as a novel siRNA-based reconstitution system for analyzing roles of individual p120 phosphorylation events. In A431 cells, epidermal growth factor induced striking p120 phosphorylation at Y228. Y228-phosphorylated p120 localized to adherens junctions and lamellipodia, and was significantly enhanced in cells around the colony periphery. A screen of carcinoma cell lines revealed that some contain unusually high steady state levels of Y228 phosphorylation, suggesting that disregulated kinase activity in tumors may affect adhesion by constitutive cross talk to cadherin complexes. Despite these observations, mutation of Y228 and other prominent Src-associated p120 phosphorylation sites did not noticeably reduce the ability of E-cadherin to assemble junctions and induce compaction of cultured cells. Although A431 cells display significant activation of both EGFR and Src kinases, our data suggest that these account for only a fraction of the steady state activity that targets p120 Y228, and that Src family kinases are not necessary intermediates for epidermal growth factor-induced signaling to p120 Y228.
Critical Pedagogy and Neoliberalism: Concerns with Teaching Self-Regulated Learning

In the educational psychology literature, self-regulated learning is associated with empowerment, agency, and democratic participation. Therefore, researchers are dedicated to developing and improving self-regulated learning pedagogy in order to make it widespread. However, drawing from the educational philosophy of Paulo Freire, teaching students to regulate their learning can be tied to a curriculum of obedience, subordination, and oppression. Using Freire’s discussion of concepts such as adaptation, prescription, and dependence, I suggest that self-regulated learning: (1) targets individual psychological changes that render individuals adaptable to existing social orders; (2) is guided by a logic to prescribe a certain kind of self; and (3) produces a relationship of dependence as learners depend on teachers for learning the necessary scripts to regulate their learning. This analysis points to ethical complexities related to teaching students to academically self-regulate.
1.064 μm multiphoton laser-induced fluorescence and dissociation of tetrakis-(dimethylamino) titanium (IV)

Abstract Irradiation of Ti[N(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 by the 1.064 μm line of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser has been found to produce an intense visible emission due to multiphoton absorption and subsequent dissociation by this species and/or its decomposition products. At low pump intensities a broad and featureless emission is observed over the 250–700 nm range. As the intensity is increased structure corresponding to Ti and Ti + fluorescence appears in the emission spectrum. The emission decays as a double exponential with time constants of approximately 0.25 and 1.2 μs. Mass spectroscopic analysis reveals dimethylamine, tetramethylhydrazine and bis-(dimethylamino) methane amongst the dissociation products along with an insoluble residue.