cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining the parameter for the linear force-free magnetic field model with multi-dipolar configurations using deep neural networks

Abstract Recent advances in the field of neural networks have made convolutional neural networks (CNNs) a conventional algorithm for many computer vision tasks including image recognition and object detection. Because modeling the coronal magnetic field of the Sun is an important objective in heliophysics, this study extends the use of CNNs to the application of coronal magnetic field modeling. We employ a simple one-parameter model of linear force-free magnetic fields (LFFFs) to model active regions of multiple dipolar configurations including the Active Region (AR) 11117. We use state-of-the-art architectures such as ResNet and Inception networks, and develop our customized network “SolarNet” to determine the associated LFFF parameter alpha from a set of pseudo-coronal loop images, which are generated using the modeled active regions. Our results show very high accuracy of determining the LFFF parameter alpha, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the generic and customized deep CNN architectures to understand the coronal magnetic field.
Measuring the effectiveness of a multi-year multi-county marriage celebration: qualitative findings

AbstractThis qualitative study examines the experience of participants (N = 1,364) attending a multi-county marriage strengthening event in 2015 and 2016 in a western state. Participants’ biggest r...
Career Performance Progressions of Junior and Senior Elite Track and Field Athletes

To compare and assess differences in the career performance progressions of elite junior and Olympic track and field athletes. Annual best performances from top 8 men and women (e.g. finalists) in track and field events at the 2000 World Junior Championships (junior cohort) and the 2000 Olympic Games (Olympic cohort) were examined. Annual bests of these finalists were tracked each year from select groups: sprints (100 m, 200 m), distance (1500 m, 5000 m), jumps (long jump, high jump), throws (discus, shot put). Age of best lifetime performance, age of final posted performance, and improvement from junior-age best to lifetime best performance were compared between groups. Olympic finalists achieved lifetime best performances at later ages than junior finalists [26.0 ± 4.0 years vs. 21.1 ± 3.5 years; age difference 90% CI (3.7–5.2 years), P < 0.001], and this significant age difference between cohorts was found within all four groups. Olympic finalists improved from under-20 best to lifetime best more so than junior finalists [6.1 ± 4.8% vs. 2.5 ± 2.3%; Age difference 90% CI (2.5–4.8%), P < 0.001]. Of 130 junior finalists, 54 did not improve after age 19, while 19 of 128 Olympic finalists posted no improvement after age 19. The data suggest that these two populations have different career performance progressions and challenge the notion that achieving elite success as a junior athlete is a prerequisite for the same success at the senior level.
Rabies Necropsy Techniques in Large and Small Animals

The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Rabies Laboratory receives between 6,000 to 9,000 specimens annually and performs rabies testing for the entire state, with the exception of New York City. The Rabies laboratory necropsies a variety of animals ranging in size from bats to bovids. Most of these specimens are animals exhibiting neurological signs, however, less than 10% actually test positive for rabies; implying trauma, lesions or other infectious agents as the cause of these symptoms. Due to the risk of aerosolizing undiagnosed infectious agents, the Rabies Laboratory does not use power tools or saws. Three necropsy techniques will be presented for animals whose skulls are impenetrable with scissors. The laboratory has implemented these techniques to decrease potential exposure to infectious agents, eliminate unnecessary manipulation of the specimen and reduce processing time. The advantages of a preferred technique opposed to another is subject to the trained individual processing the specimen.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization of Brassaia actinophylla, Calathea makoyana and Chrysalidocarpus lutescens

Data indicated a 5-1-2 ratio of N-P-K with N level of 2.5 kg/100m2 (0.5 lbs/100 ft2) a month produced the highest quality B. actinophylla and C. makoyana. A 2-1-2 ratio with N level of 1 kg/100m2 (0.2lbs/100 ft2) a month produced the highest quality C. lutescens.
The other side of freedom: On the sociality of ethics:

The social character of ethics is best revealed by exploring the complex dynamics linking individuals’ freedom to moral requirements. In this article, we consider James Laidlaw’s influential propos...
Cardiologists’ Perception of Wearable Device Data in Patients with Heart Failure

The New York Heart Association (NYHA) is used to classify severity of heart failure and estimate prognosis. Its dependence on the physician’s opinion regarding what constitutes “ordinary physical activity” or “slight” and “marked” limitation makes it subjective with low concordance between physicians.1, 2 Objective measures like cardiopulmonary testing are expensive, inconvenient, and time-consuming. Wearable devices like fitness trackers can provide objective 24/7 data and can potentially overcome these limitations.3 How such data will be perceived by clinicians is an unanswered and increasingly important and relevant question as many companies are participating in a U.S. Food and Drug Administration pilot program for clearing such devices.4 We report the results of a small study to determine the perception of such data by heart failure specialists and its potential impact on the management of such cases.
Changes in Predictive Performance of a Frailty Index with Availability of Clinical Domains.

Objectives Determine the effects of missing data in frailty identification and risk prediction. Design Analysis of the National Health in Aging Trends Study. Setting Community. Participants About 6206 older adults. Measurements A 41-variable frailty index (FI) was constructed with the following domains: comorbidities, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living, self-reported physical limitations, physical performance, and neuropsychiatric tests. We evaluated discrimination after removing single and multiple domains, comparing C-statistics for predicting 5-year risk of mortality and 1-year risks of disability and falls. Results The full FI yielded a mean of .18 and C-statistics of .72 (95% confidence interval, .70-.74) for mortality, .80 (.77-.82) for disability, and .66 (.64-.68) for falls. Removal of any single domain shifted the FI distribution, resulting in a mean FI ranging from .13 (removing comorbidities) to .20 (removing ADLs) and frailty prevalence (FI ≥ .25) from 16.0% to 28.7%. Among robust participants models missing ADLs misclassified most often, (19% as pre-frail). Among pre-frail and frail participants missing comorbidities misclassified most often(69.2% from pre-frail to robust, 24% from frail to pre-frail, and 4.9% from frail to robust). Removal of any single domain minimally changed C-statistics: mortality, .71-.73; disability, .79-.80; and falls, .64-.66. Removing neuropsychiatric testing and physical performance yielded comparable C-statistics of .70, .78, and .66 for mortality, ADLs, and falls, respectively. However, removal of three or four domains based on likely availability decreased C-statistics for mortality (.69, .66),disability (.75, .70), and falls (.64, .63), respectively. Conclusion While FI discrimination is robust to missing information in any single domain, risk prediction is affected by absence of multiple domains. This work informs the application of FI as a clinical and research tool. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1771-1777, 2020.
Building a Common Voice Corpus for Laiholh (Hakha Chin)

In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build a corpus for Laiholh, also called Hakha Chin. Laiholh is spoken in Chin State in Western Myanmar, in parts of India and Bangladesh, and in several Burmese refugee communities in the US. Indiana, for example, is home to about 25,000 Burmese refugees. The ultimate goal of our team is to contribute to the development of speech translation technology that will be of benefit, both in general and in the local community in Indianapolis. Translation tools would be of great use in local emergency rooms, schools, and businesses. In pursuing our (admittedly lofty) goals, we are building a growing community of speakers, field linguists, computational linguists, and computer scientists. As a team, we have worked to share our different skill sets and mobilize the wider community around collecting data via Mozilla’s Common Voice platform. We present here a reflection on the project thus far, the kind of description we wish had existed when we were first building this collaboration and determining preliminary project goals. We hope that other communities and language activists who are thinking about developing speech technology may benefit from hearing about our motivations, concerns, experiences, and successes.
Determining habitat limitations of Maumee River walleye production to western Lake Erie fish stocks: documenting a spawning ground barrier

Abstract Tributaries provide spawning habitat for three of four major sub-stocks of Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus). Despite anthropogenic degradation and the extirpation of other potamodromous species, the Maumee River, Ohio, USA continues to support one of the largest fish migrations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. To determine if spawning habitat availability and quality could limit production of Maumee River walleye, two habitat suitability models were created for the lower 51 km of the Maumee River and the distribution and numbers of walleye eggs deposited in a 25 km stretch of river were assessed. Walleye eggs were collected using a diaphragm pump at 7 and 10 sites from March/April to May 2014 and 2015. The habitat suitability models showed that
Abstract 17413: Determination of Etiology of Left Ventricular Ejection Fracture Decline in Chemotherapy Related Cardiac Dysfunction

Introduction: Chemotherapy related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is an undesired complication of anticancer treatment, roughly affecting 10% of patients undergoing therapy. The American Society of Ec...
A Very Sensitive 21 centimeter Survey for Galactic High-Velocity H I

Very sensitive H I 21 cm observations have been made in 860 directions at δ ≥ -43° in search of weak, Galactic, high-velocity H I emission lines at moderate and high Galactic latitudes. One-third of the observations were made toward extragalactic objects that are visible at optical and UV wavelengths. The median rms noise in the survey spectra is 3.4 mK, resulting in a median 4 σ detection level of N = 8 × 1017 cm-2 averaged over the 21' beam of the telescope. High-velocity H I emission is detected in 37% of the directions; about half of the lines could not have been detected in previous surveys. The median FWHM of detected lines is 30.3 km s-1. High-velocity H I lines are seen down to the sensitivity limit of the survey, implying that there are likely lines at still lower values of N. The weakest lines have a kinematics and distribution on the sky similar to that of the strong lines and thus do not appear to be a new population. Most of the emission originates from objects which are extended over several degrees; only a few appear to be compact sources. At least 75%, and possibly as many as 90%, of the lines are associated with one of the major high-velocity complexes. With the increased sensitivity of this survey, the Magellanic Stream is seen to extend at least 10° to higher Galactic latitude than previously thought and to be more extended in longitude as well. Wright's Cloud near M33 has an extended low-N component in the direction of the Magellanic Stream. The bright H I features which have dominated most surveys may be mere clumps within larger structures, and not independent objects. Although there are many lines with low column density, their numbers do not increase as rapidly as N, so most of the H I mass in the high-velocity cloud phenomenon likely resides in the more prominent clouds.
Factor analytic support for the EDE-Q7 among American Indian/Alaska Native undergraduate women.

OBJECTIVE American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have historically been excluded from eating disorder research. Consequently, not much is known about the validity of eating disorder assessment measures in this group. The purpose of the current study was to examine the factor structure of a short measure for eating pathology, the seven-item Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q7), in AI/AN undergraduate women. Exploratory analyses examined the measurement invariance of the EDE-Q7 across AI/AN, White, and Latinx undergraduates. METHODS A sample of 150 AI/AN undergraduate women completed the full EDE-Q (28 items) as part of two larger studies. The seven items comprising the EDE-Q7 were selected from the full measure to test the factor structure. Random samples of White and Latinx women of equal sample size were chosen from the larger studies to test measurement invariance. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses found support for the EDE-Q7 factor structure in AI/AN undergraduate women, and scores were strongly positively correlated with the original EDE-Q global scale and disordered eating behaviors. Exploratory analyses found support for the measurement invariance of the EDE-Q7 across AI/AN, White, and Latinx women. One-way ANOVAs showed no significant racial and ethnic differences on the EDE-Q7. DISCUSSION The current study found psychometric support for the EDE-Q7 in AI/AN undergraduate women and provided preliminary evidence that the EDE-Q7 can be meaningfully compared across AI/AN, White, and Latinx undergraduate women. Further research should continue to investigate the EDE-Q7 and other eating disorder measures in AI/AN and other historically excluded groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Instructional explanations in the disciplines

Preface, Mary Kay Stein and Linda Kucan Chapter 1: Introduction: Explaining Instructional Explanations, Gaea Leinhardt Section 1: Instructional Explanations in the Teaching and Learning of Science Chapter 2: What Kind of Explanation is a Model? Richard Lehrer and Leona Schauble Chapter 3: Learning, Identity, and Instructional Explanations, Jorge Larreamendy-Joerns and Tatiana Munoz Chapter 4: Learning Chemistry: What, When, and How? David Yaron, Michael Karabinos, Karen Evans, Jodi Davenport, Jordi Cuadros, and James Greeno Chapter 5: Negotiating the Goal of Museum Inquiry: How Families Engineer and Experiment, Kyung Youn Kim and Kevin Crowley Section II: Instructional Explanations in the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics Chapter 6: A Framing of Instructional Explanations: Let Us Explain With You, Carla Van De Sande and James Greeno Chapter 7: How and Why Do Teachers Explain Things the Way They Do? Alan H. Schoenfeld Chapter 8: The Explanatory Power of Examples in Mathematics: Challenges for Teaching, Orit Zaslavsky Chapter 9: Using Designed Instructional Activities to Enable Novices to Manage Ambitious Mathematics Teaching, Magdalene Lampert, Heather Beasley, Hala Ghousseini, Elham Kazemi, and Megan Franke Section III: Instructional Explanations in the Teaching and Learning of the Humanities Chapter 10: Learning History and Learning Language: Focusing on Language in Historical Explanations to Support English Language Learners, Mariana Achugar and Catherine Stainton Chapter 11: Instructional Explanations in a Legal Classroom: Are Students' Argument Diagrams ofHypothetical Reasoning Diagnostic? Kevin Ashley and Collin Lynch Chapter 12: Connecting with Art: How Families Talk about Art in a Museum Setting, Karen Knutson and Kevin Crowley Chapter 13: Developing Writing Skills through Students' Giving Instructional Explanations, Kwangsu Cho and Christian Schunn Index
How to Do Things With Relationships … and How Relationships Do Things With Us

A community is made up of actively connected personal relationships. These relationships significantly shape how people come to understand their world, gain a sense of the validity and verifiability of their ideas, and become accountable for changes in their attitudes and behaviors. Acknowledgment of the relational underpinnings of such communication processes forces us to revise common understandings of relationships as places where individuals have their personal needs fulfilled and instead conceive of relationships as a form of action, which emphasizes the integral connections between the study of rhetoric and relationships. We explore the ways in which everyday communication draws substantially on these relational underpinnings that have been historically underdeveloped in theories of interpersonal influence and propose a new model of influence, the social consequences of interpersonal influence (SCIPI) model that recognizes the powerful role of one’s relational network in individual decision making a...
Roe v. Wade reaffirmed, again.

The majority opinions have been very consistent in the 13 years since Roe v. Wade in determiniing what legitimate restrictions US state legislatures can place on abortion decisions by women and their physicians. The Courts most recent opinion addresses specific legislative provisions designed to curtail abortions. At issue in Thornburg v. American College of Obstetricians and Gybecologists (54 LW 4618 June 10 1986) were 6 specific provisions of Pennsylvanias Abortion Control Act of 1982. The Court invalidated all 6 of the provisions in dispute: informed consent; printed information; reporting; determination of viability; postviability care for the child; and the requirement of a 2nd physician at postviability abortions. The Court restated and emphasized 3 primary points: 1) the centrality of the right to privacy; 2) the chilling and brutal effect of unclear criminal laws on medical practice; and 3) the importance of the doctrine of "stare decisis" in a government-based on lwa. That the Court did not remand the case to the trial court for further evidentiary proceedings and that the author of Wade v. Roe Justice Harry Blackmun was chosen to write the opinion means that the majority of the Court went out of its way to once again reaffirm the principles enunciated in Roe.
“Money, Materials, and Manpower”: Ghanaian In-Service Teacher Education and the Political Economy of Failure, 1961–1971

In October 1961 Basil H. G. Chaplin sent an excited letter to A. J. Dowuona-Hammond, Ghana's Minister of Education. Just four years earlier, the nation had won its independence from England. Now, Chaplin wrote, it stood on the cusp of a second great upheaval: “a complete revolution in Science teaching.” As chair of Ghana's Science Education Research Unit, Chaplin had conducted a study of 2,000 Ghanaian children and forty-two teachers over three years. Ghanaians learned best via activities and observation rather than from rote memorization, Chaplin reported, just like students in the West did. “Ghanaian children differ in no way from their British or American counterparts in their initial ability to understand how things work when using their hands and their eyes,” Chaplin told Dowuona-Hammond. “Different cultural backgrounds do not affect ability to interpret their own simple experience.” Too often, Chaplin admitted, Ghanaian teachers snuffed out students' natural curiosity with a rigid diet of lectures and textbook exercises. But the Ministry could change all of that, he insisted, by reforming the curriculum and re-educating the teachers. “It is wholly practical” Chaplin underlined, enclosing his proposed scheme. “Teachers need only a short course of training.”
A language-based generative model framework for behavioral analysis of couples' therapy

Observational studies for psychological evaluations rely on careful assessment of multiple behavioral cues. Recent studies have made good progress in automating the psychological evaluation, which often involved tedious manual annotation of a set of behavioral codes. However, the current methods impose strict and often unnatural assumptions for evaluation. In this work, we specifically investigate two goals: (1) Human behavior changes throughout an interaction and better models of this evolution can improve automated behavioral annotation and (2) Human perception of this evolution can be quite complex and non-linear and better techniques than averaging need to be investigated. For this purpose, we propose a Dynamic Behavior Modeling (DBM) scheme, which models a spouse as undergoing changes in behavioral state within a session, and contrast it against a Static Behavior Model (SBM) which allows only a constant session-long behavioral state. We use Negativity in a couples therapy task as our case study. We present results and analysis on both models for capturing the local behavior information and predicting the session level negativity label.
The intermediate in the uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase reaction. Resolution of an apparent ambiguity.

Abstract Incubation of UDP-galactose with substrate amounts of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) from Escherichia coli for different times between 2 and 120 min, followed by reduction with NaB3H4 invariably yields a mixture of labeled UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. Chemical degradation of tritiated hexoses, isolated after NaB3H4 reduction of 2-min incubation mixtures, shows all of the tritium associated with carbon 4, in agreement with the results presented earlier using longer incubation times (Maitra, U. S., and Ankel, H. (1972) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 68, 2660). The total amount of label introduced after 2 min of incubation, when enzyme activity is practically unchanged, is considerably less than that after 120 min of incubation, when enzyme activity is reduced to about 50%. The excess of labeled UDP-hexoses after 120 min of incubation can be quantitatively related to the amount of inactive enzyme formed, assuming that during inactivation additional UDP-4-ketohexose is produced in amounts equivalent to the amounts of inactive enzyme.
Synergetic Dynamics of Biological Coordination with Special Reference to Phase Attraction and Intermittency

Under conditions in which absolute phase and frequency synchronization are neither essential nor attainable for biological functioning, some form of relative coordination is still possible. Attraction toward certain phase and frequency relations remains, but phase slippage as well as occasional skips and jumps occur as the component units adjust spatially and temporally. We establish the connection between this less rigid form of coordination and intermittency, a generic feature of dynamical systems near tangent bifurcations. Intermittency provides a mechanism for entering and exiting mode-locked states, endowing the system with a vital mix of flexibility and coherence. In the intermittent regime close to critical points, the system possesses a ‘predictive’ or ‘anticipatory’ property. The identified dynamics are level-independent and may be essential to a number of different biological functions.
The Indo-Aryan Invasions: Cultural Myth and Archaeological Reality

The concept of an Indo-European or Indo-Aryan group of peoples has played a prominent role in interpretative studies of Old World history and archaeology. For almost 200 years, scholars and quasi scholars have attributed the linguistic, cultural, and racial affiliations of very disparate groups to a common Indo-Aryan heritage. In such widely seperated areas as Europe and India, many significant cultural changes recorded for the first and second millennia b.c. are attributed to an influx, or invasion, of Indo-Aryan peoples who shared a common cultural base and who were responsible for important socioeconomic and linguistic changes in the areas they invaded. In the framework of European prehistory, the analytical importance of these Indo-European or Indo-Aryan intrusions has been replaced somewhat by the current emphasis on ecological reconstruction and indigenous cultural development, although invasion or migration explanations are still found (e.g., Gimbutas, 1973).
Expression of Thymidine Kinase Messenger RNA and a Related Transcript Is Modulated by Radioprotector WR1065

Previous studies have shown that the radioprotector WR1065 protects against mutagenesis across a wide concentration range (i.e., 40 microM to 4 mM) but protects against cell killing by ionizing radiation at concentrations greater than 1 mM. Other work has demonstrated that many genes are induced or repressed after exposure of cells in culture to ionizing radiation, but the actual inducing agents for this gene modulation response are unknown. In these experiments, we set out to identify genes that would be modulated in response to two different concentrations of WR1065 (i.e., a lower dose that is incapable of protecting against cell killing but effective in protecting against mutation induction, and a high dose that is effective in protecting against both end points). Using differential display reverse transcription-PCR, we compared genes expressed in untreated cells to those expressed in cells treated with different concentrations of WR1065 (4 mM or 40 microM) with or without radiation exposure (7.5 Gy). One band, which showed a differential response, was sequenced and found to have homology in the 3'-untranslated region of the mouse thymidine kinase (tk) gene but not identity to the Chinese hamster ovary tk gene. Dot blot and Northern blot analyses confirmed the differential display results and also determined that regulation of the tk-like gene is similar to that of tk itself. These experiments established that in Chinese hamster ovary cells, radiation causes a repression in accumulation of tk mRNA and a related tk-like transcript. This repression is made less dramatic by the presence of 40 microM WR1065, and, in fact, expression becomes enhanced when cells are pretreated with 4 mM WR1065. This suggests a role for regulation of tk and its related gene in the survival response of cells after exposure to ionizing radiation.
Random variability explains apparent global clustering of large earthquakes

[1] The occurrence of 5 Mw ≥ 8.5 earthquakes since 2004 has created a debate over whether or not we are in a global cluster of large earthquakes, temporarily raising risks above long-term levels. I use three classes of statistical tests to determine if the record of M ≥ 7 earthquakes since 1900 can reject a null hypothesis of independent random events with a constant rate plus localized aftershock sequences. The data cannot reject this null hypothesis. Thus, the temporal distribution of large global earthquakes is well-described by a random process, plus localized aftershocks, and apparent clustering is due to random variability. Therefore the risk of future events has not increased, except within ongoing aftershock sequences, and should be estimated from the longest possible record of events.
DESIGN-BUILD IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION: MOTIVATIONS, PRACTICES, CHALLENGES, SUCCESSES AND FAILURES

Based on a comprehensive survey of design-build programs conducted in 2011-2012 consisting of interviews and reviews of a number of programs, this article provides a sketch of the motivations, practices, challenges, successes and failures associated with this popular and unique educational practice found in many architectural design programs. It provides a history of, documents the variety of rationale for, as well as the methods used in upstart and wellestablished Design-build programs. It serves as a guide for the development, improvement, and maintenance of existing and future programs.
Paying Attention to the Details of Attention

Attention selects behaviorally relevant stimuli for greater neural representation. In this issue of Neuron, Luo and Maunsell (2015) show that attention acts, in part, by boosting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sensory neurons.
Visualizing superposition process and appreciating the principle of non-interaction of waves

We demonstrate the dynamic evolution of superposition effects to underscore the importance of visualizing interaction processes. The model recognizes the principle of Non-Interaction of Waves. Recordable linear fringes, bisecting the Poynting vectors of the two crossing beams, have time evolving amplitude patterns in the bright fringes because the two superposed E-vectors oscillate through zero values while staying locked in phase. If a detector registers steady, stable bright fringes, it must do so by time integration. The QM recipe to model energy exchange by taking the square modulus of the sum of the complex amplitudes has this time integration built into it. Thus, we will also underscore the importance of assigning proper physical processes to the mathematical relationships: the algebraic symbols should represent physical parameters of the interactants and the mathematical operators connecting the symbols should represent allowed physical interaction processes and the guiding force.
Factor Structure and Invariance of the Behavioral Undercontrol Questionnaire: Testing for Differences Across Gender and Ethnicity

The construct of behavioral undercontrol is often assessed as a potential risk factor in studies of health-risk behaviors, but few studies have examined psychometric properties of measures of behavioral undercontrol. The present study tested the factor structure of the Behavioral Undercontrol Questionnaire (BUQ), a 20-item self-report measure, across gender and racial/ethnic groups, using a college sample (N = 648). We hypothesized that the factor structure would vary by both gender and race/ethnicity. A single-factor solution was identified and confirmed within each group. However, analyses yielded differences across gender and racial/ethnic groups. Findings support the overall validity of the BUQ, but also suggest that caution should be exercised in making comparisons across gender and racial/ethnic groups. These data also highlight the importance of assessing the psychometric properties of measures of behavioral undercontrol and other externalizing constructs.
Rallying Point : Lewis Michaux's National Memorial African Bookstore

Michaux’s National Memorial African Bookstore, Harlem, NY, was the epicenter of black literary life and bookselling, 1933–c.1975. Michaux migrated from Virginia to escape farm work and his brother’s evangelical church, opting instead—despite the lack of formal education—to become a trafficker in ideas, through bookselling. A self-styled Garveyite, Michaux advised Malcolm X, though he never joined the Nation of Islam or advocated revolution. The bookshop—with a huge inventory of books about black experience and spearheaded by the charismatic bookseller (known as “The Professor”)—attracted a loyal clientele, championed famous writers and artists, and hosted international leaders (especially Africans). A rallying point for political speeches, often delivered in front of the store, in its period, there was no other black bookstore in America with Michaux’s influence.
Exploring the effect of axial ligand substitution (X = Br, NCS, CN) on the photodecomposition and electrochemical activity of [MnX(N–C)(CO)3] complexes

The synthesis, electrochemical activity, and relative photodecomposition rate is reported for four new Mn(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: [MnX(N-ethyl-N′-2-pyridylimidazol-2-ylidine)(CO)3] (X = Br, NCS, CN) and [MnCN(N-ethyl-N′-2-pyridylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine)(CO)3]. All compounds display an electrocatalytic current enhancement under CO2 at the potential of the first reduction, which ranges from −1.53 V to −1.96 V versus the saturated calomel electrode. Catalytic CO production is observed for all species during four-hour preparative-scale electrolysis, but substantial H2 is detected in compounds where X is not Br. All species eventually decompose under both 350 nm and 420 nm light, but cyanide substituted complexes (X = CN) last significantly longer (up to 5×) under 420 nm light as a result of a blue-shifted MLCT band.
Implementing employee involvement: How paper companies gain local union support

This study examines employee involvement programs in the unionized paper and pulp industry in North America. The data gathered from local union officers describe the economic and bargaining environment in which management established these programs. Additionally, the survey elicits each local union's description of and attitude toward its program once started. The analyses suggest that the manner in which programs are set up and subsequently administered correlates with the level of union support. The study concludes that the viability of employee involvement is contingent on the degree of autonomy afforded the local union.
Treatment algorithms and protocolized care

Purpose of reviewExcess information in complex ICU environments exceeds human decision-making limits and likely contributes to unnecessary variation in clinical care, increasing the likelihood of clinical errors. I reviewed recent critical care clinical trials searching for information about the imp
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Calcium-stimulated Serine Transport into Tobacco Cells

The transport of serine into tobacco cells ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultured in liquid medium was examined. Transport was inhibited approximately 50% by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, α-naphthalene acetic acid, and kinetin at a concentration of 10 micrograms per milliliter. Transport was not inhibited by 2,6-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and inhibited less than 25% by p -chlorophenoxyacetic acid at this concentration. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from the transport medium resulted in an alleviation of inhibition. Gibberellic acid at concentrations from 2 to 20 micrograms per milliliter stimulated transport. It was previously shown that inhibition of transport by La 3+ was due to removal of Ca 2+ from surface sites and inhibition of Ca 2+ uptake by cells. None of the growth regulators tested had any significant effect on Ca 2+ binding and/or transport. A contributing factor to the low transport rates in the absence of Ca 2+ is the increased rate of serine efflux. None of the growth regulators tested had any significant effect on the rate of serine efflux.
Guiding future research on terrestrial ecosystem disturbance

With North American ecosystems responsible for drawing hundreds of teragrams of carbon from the atmosphere each year, the tenuous balance of the terrestrial carbon budget can be upset for decades by disturbances such as fires, storms, disease outbreaks, insect infestations, and logging. Research cataloging the effects of such disturbances on regional carbon cycling tends to be sporadic or of limited scope. Most research has focused on forests but is less extensive for other important ecosystems such as grasslands or permafrost peatlands.
Site-specific fluorescent derivatization and liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric characterization of Long R3 IGF-I for bioanalytical applications

Abstract Recombinant Long R3 IGF-I was derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) at a single location by careful selection of reaction conditions (i.e. pH, and FITC/protein amino group ratio). High-performance liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) were used to confirm the extent of fluorescein conjugation. The protein conjugate was isolated and subjected to cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage, followed by LC–MS to determine the site of modification. The isolated species of Long R3 IGF-I-FITC was labeled at the N-terminal Met residue. Recognition of this fluorescent analog by monoclonal anti-IGF-I was preserved, indicating its potential for immunodiagnostic applications.
Pilot trial of diabetes self-management education in the hospital setting.

Abstract Aims Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is recommended for all patients with diabetes. Current estimates indicate that Methods Patients hospitalized on four medicine units were randomized to receive DSME (Education Group) (n = 9) prescribed by a certified diabetes educator and delivered by a registered nurse, or Usual Care (n = 12). Participants completed Diabetes Knowledge Tests (DKT), Medical Outcomes Short Form (SF-36), Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), and the DTSQ-inpatient (DTSQ-IP). Bedside capillary blood glucoses (CBG) on day of admission, randomization and discharge were compared. Results There were no group differences in demographics, diabetes treatment, admission CBG (186 ± 93 mg/dL vs. 219 ± 84 mg/dL, p = 0.40), DKT scores (Education vs. Usual Care 48 ± 25 vs. 68 ± 19, p = 0.09), SF-36, and DTSQ scores (28 ± 6 vs. 25 ± 7, p = 0.41). Patients receiving education reported more satisfaction with inpatient treatment (83 ± 13 vs. 65 ± 19, p = 0.03), less hyperglycemia prior to (2.7 ± 4.5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.4, p = 0.03) and during hospitalization (3.9 ± 1.9 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2, p = 0.04); and had lower mean discharge CBG (159 ± 38 mg/dL vs. 211 ± 67 mg/dL, p = 0.02). Conclusions Inpatient diabetes education has potential to improve treatment satisfaction, and reduce CBG.
Neutron Measurement of Clustering in the Alloy CuNi

Measurements have been made of the cluster diffuse neutron scattering from a polycrystalline sample of ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.525}$$\mathrm{Ni}^{62}_{0.475}$. This isotope and composition are ideal for such measurements since the effective scattering length for the Bragg reflections and for the temperature-diffuse and Huang scattering from static displacements is zero, while that for the cluster scattering is 0.811\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm. The short-range order parameters ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ through ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{9}$, representative of the system at approximately 550\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, were determined by a least-squares fit to the scattering data. ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}=0.121$, while all other $\ensuremath{\alpha}$'s are less than $\frac{1}{9}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$. Magnetic scattering effects in this sample are too small to have been detected within the accuracy of our measurements. Using an approximate theory of Clapp and Moss relating the short-range order parameters and pairwise interaction energies, first- and second-neighbor interaction energies of -0.0130 to -0.0122 eV and +0.0073 to +0.0078 eV are determined. From these, a critical temperature for phase separation of 233 to 263\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is predicted, which is in reasonable agreement with that extrapolated from thermodynamic data of Rapp and Maak and of Oriani and Murphy.
Faculty Emotions: A self-study of teacher educators

This article presents the results of a collaborative self-study in which five teacher educators explored the role of emotions in college teaching. We come from diverse backgrounds of race, ethnicity, religion and sexual orientation, while our students are largely White, female, Christian and heterosexual. Our study was guided by a social constructivist paradigm and self-study methodology. Qualitative data included transcripts of group discussions, teaching evaluations, and personal reflections. Findings illuminate the struggles experienced by faculty when cultural differences impede their relationships with their students and their institution. Colleges of education must recognize these challenges and address institutional and cultural barriers if they take seriously the goals of diversifying their faculty and preparing teachers who are culturally competent.
Interval breast cancers are not biologically distinct—Just more difficult to diagnose

background : Breast cancer diagnosed within 1 year of a negative annual screening examination is called interval breast cancer (IBC) and is considered to be a more virulent subtype of disease. methods : We reviewed clinical data on 24 women who were diagnosed as having IBC while participating in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project at Ellis Fischel Cancer Hospital and the Women's Cancer Control Program screening project in Columbia, Missouri, between 1974 and 1992. We reinterpreted mammograms from the visit prior to the diagnosis of IBC for possible misdiagnosis, changes suggestive of malignancy, and Wolfe's patterns. Archival paraffin blocks from 19 patients were used to determine qualitative expression of tumor markers. results : Observed 5-, 8-, and 10-year survival rates were identical to published data for patients with non-IBC. Seventy-four percent of the mammograms evidenced dysplastic Wolfe's patterns (P2 and DY), and one patient was found retrospectively to have shown evidence of cancer which was missed. Compared to breast cancers in general, fewer IBC tumors expressed tumor markers associated with poor prognosis. conclusions : Survival rates and tumor marker expressions in this retrospective cohort suggest that IBC tumors are not more biologically aggressive than noninterval tumors. They are more difficult to diagnose both by physical examination and mammography.
Synthesis and properties of some alkyds of more complex carboxyl functionality

Syntheses are described where dimer fatty acid (C36), or anhydrides of trimellitic, or pyromellitic, or dodecenylsuccinic acids are substituted in part for components of a model polymer derived from 1 mole each phthalic anhydride and glycerol, and 0.4 mole of linoleic acid. These polymers are compared at several degrees of polyesterification with respect to endgroup analysis, melt and intrinsic viscosity, and fractionation and emulsification behavior in water-solvent mixtures. The data suggest that predictions of the gel point in terms of functionality concepts are of general value only for defining the reaction degrees where insoluble molecules can first appear. The experimental event of gelatification can be delayed to varying degrees by different types and concentrations of inert solvent. The extent of reaction where molecular complexity can give a gellable polymer in the absence of solvency retardation occurs near the theoretical gel point and can be located by inspection of functions relating either melt or intrinsic viscosity to molecular weight. Significant differences in polymer structure have a very small effect on this parameter, nor is there much evidence to show preferential reactivity of similar functional groups associated with different structures. Other data here cited demonstrate some practically useful facts regarding how composition and molecular weight affect solvency behavior; however, no general correlations were found which relate solubility behavior to quantities here miasured.
In vivo analysis of Yorkie phosphorylation sites.

The co-activator Yorkie (Yki) mediates transcriptional regulation effected by the Drosophila Fat–Warts (Wts)–Hippo (Hpo) pathways. Yki is inhibited by Wts-mediated phosphorylation, and a Wts phosphorylation site at Ser168 has been identified. Here we identify two additional Wts phosphorylation sites on Yki, and examine the respective contribution of all three sites to Yki nuclear localization and activity. Our results show that although Ser168 is the most critical site, all three phosphorylation sites influence Yki localization and activity in vivo, and can be sites of regulation by Wts. Thus, investigations of the role of Yki and its mammalian homolog Yes-associated protein (YAP) in development and oncogenesis should include evaluations of additional sites. The WW domains of Yki are not required for its phosphorylation, but instead are positively required for its activity. We also identify two potential sites of phosphorylation by an unknown kinase, which could influence phosphorylation of Ser168 by Wts, suggesting that there are additional mechanisms for regulating Yki/YAP activity.
Insights Into Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure: An Update

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) secreted by the heart in response to volume overload are pleiotropic molecules with vasodilating, diuretic, natriuretic, antiproliferative, and antifibrotic actions. Functioning of the NP system is altered in congestive heart failure (CHF), suggesting that support of the NP system might be beneficial in treatment of acute and chronic CHF. Several approaches alone or in combination with other pharmacologic therapies have been shown to enhance function of the NP system: direct administration of native and designer NPs, inhibition of degradation of NPs and their second messenger (cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]), and stimulation of cGMP generation. Despite increasing numbers of studies using NPs in therapy of acute and chronic CHF, several controversies regarding safety, efficacy, and dosing of NPs need to be addressed. Moreover, further research is warranted to identify the stages and etiologies of CHF that may profit from NP therapy.
The Effects of College Residence Groups on Students' Self-Concepts, Goals, and Achievements.

This study compared the traits and achievements of students in various living groups. Students in fraternities and sororities were found to be more socially oriented, and students in off-campus rooms or at home were less socially oriented on a wide variety of measures. When students' pre-college scores were controlled, there were few differences among the groups on self-ratings or life goals. Fraternity and sorority students had more college social achievements but were not superior in other areas of non-academic achievement or in grades. These results were interpreted as showing that the effects of living groups are small.
Influencing Factors of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Air and Gas Quenching

Cooling rates of work pieces in heat treating processes heavily depend on the interfacial heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between work pieces and quenchants. Because the HTC plays an important role in the resulted distortion, residual stress, and mechanical property distributions, understanding how the HTC varies with respect to various influencing factors is of importance for an optimal quenching process. In this paper, the influencing factors such as air/gas velocity, pressure, temperature, gas mixture and part orientation, air/gas temperature, air humidity, surface roughness, oxide, and material to the variation of HTC are studied experimentally by using the Center for Heat Treating Excellence quenching system and theoretically by using empirical equations.
Structure activity and molecular modeling analyses of ribose- and base-modified uridine 5′-triphosphate analogues at the human P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors

With the long-term goal of developing receptor subtype-selective high affinity agonists for the uracil nucleotide-activated P2Y receptors we have carried out a series of structure activity and molecular modeling studies of the human P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors. UTP analogues with substitutions in the 2′-position of the ribose moiety retained capacity to activate both P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors. Certain of these analogues were equieffective for activation of both receptors whereas 2′-amino-2′-deoxy-UTP exhibited higher potency for the P2Y2 receptor and 2′-azido-UTP exhibited higher potency for the P2Y4 receptor. 4-Thio substitution of the uracil base resulted in a UTP analogue with increased potency relative to UTP for activation of both the P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors. In contrast, 2-thio substitution and halo- or alkyl substitution in the 5-position of the uracil base resulted in molecules that were 3–30-fold more potent at the P2Y2 receptor than P2Y4 receptor. 6-Aza-UTP was a P2Y2 receptor agonist that exhibited no activity at the P2Y4 receptor. Stereoisomers of UTPαS and 2′-deoxy-UTPαS were more potent at the P2Y2 than P2Y4 receptor, and the R-configuration was favored at both receptors. Molecular docking studies revealed that the binding mode of UTP is similar for both the P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptor binding pockets with the most prominent dissimilarities of the two receptors located in the second transmembrane domain (V90 in the P2Y2 receptor and I92 in the P2Y4 receptor) and the second extracellular loop (T182 in the P2Y2 receptor and L184 in the P2Y4 receptor). In summary, this work reveals substitutions in UTP that differentially affect agonist activity at P2Y2 versus P2Y4 receptors and in combination with molecular modeling studies should lead to chemical synthesis of new receptor subtype-selective drugs.