cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Signpost Network: Demo Abstract

The era of city-scale sensing is dawning. Supported by new sensing capabilities, the capability to detect and measure phenomena throughout a large area will allow deeper insight and understanding into how cities work. The challenge of city-scale sensing is not limited to developing new sensing applications, however. A sensor must be installed in a location. It must be provided power, storage, and communications. All these tasks stand aside from the desired sensing effort, but are necessary nevertheless.In this demo, we introduce an initial prototype for a modular, city-scale sensing platform---the signpost network. The platform, designed to be physically attached to sign posts throughout a city, reduces the burden for sensor and application developers by providing the necessary resources to modules attached to it. Power is provided by harvesting from solar panels with battery storage, with each module allocated a certain subset of the system energy. The signpost platform also provides data storage, long-range communication, data processing, module isolation, and an installation point for connected modules. The signpost acts as a modular base station for researchers, citizen scientists, and other interested parties to deploy custom sensors for applications such as pedestrian counting, air quality monitoring, and RF spectrum sensing at a city-wide scale.
Single toxin dose-response models revisited

The goal of this paper is to offer a rigorous analysis of the sigmoid shape single toxin dose-response relationship. The toxin efficacy function is introduced and four special points, including maximum toxin efficacy and inflection points, on the dose-response curve are defined. The special points define three phases of the toxin effect on mortality: (1) toxin concentrations smaller than the first inflection point or (2) larger then the second inflection point imply low mortality rate, and (3) concentrations between the first and the second inflection points imply high mortality rate. Probabilistic interpretation and mathematical analysis for each of the four models, Hill, logit, probit, and Weibull is provided. Two general model extensions are introduced: (1) the multi-target hit model that accounts for the existence of several vital receptors affected by the toxin, and (2) model with a nonzero mortality at zero concentration to account for natural mortality. Special attention is given to statistical estimation in the framework of the generalized linear model with the binomial dependent variable as the mortality count in each experiment, contrary to the widespread nonlinear regression treating the mortality rate as continuous variable. The models are illustrated using standard EPA Daphnia acute (48h) toxicity tests with mortality as a function of NiCl or CuSO4 toxin.
Estimating the human toll in Syria

The way in which data on conflict violence is collected can not only lead to severe underestimation of the human toll of conflict, but also to misinterpretation of trends in conflict violence, says Megan Price.
Thermal Properties for the Thermal-Hydraulics Analyses of the BR2 Maximum Nominal Heat Flux

This memo describes the assumptions and references used in determining the thermal properties for the various materials used in the BR2 HEU (93% enriched in {sup 235}U) to LEU (19.75% enriched in {sup 235}U) conversion feasibility analysis. More specifically, this memo focuses on the materials contained within the pressure vessel (PV), i.e., the materials that are most relevant to the study of impact of the change of fuel from HEU to LEU. This section is regrouping all of the thermal property tables. Section 2 provides a summary of the thermal properties in form of tables while the following sections present the justification of these values. Section 3 presents a brief background on the approach used to evaluate the thermal properties of the dispersion fuel meat and specific heat capacity. Sections 4 to 7 discuss the material properties for the following materials: (i) aluminum, (ii) dispersion fuel meat (UAlx-Al and U-7Mo-Al), (iii) beryllium, and (iv) stainless steel. Section 8 discusses the impact of irradiation on material properties. Section 9 summarizes the material properties for typical operating temperatures. Appendix A elaborates on how to calculate dispersed phase's volume fraction. Appendix B shows the evolution of the BR2 maximum heat flux with burnup.
The Bail Book: A Comprehensive Look at Bail in America's Criminal Justice System

Mass incarceration is one of the greatest social problems facing the United States today. America incarcerates a greater percentage of its population than any other country and is one of only two countries that requires arrested individuals to pay bail to be released from jail while awaiting trial. After arrest, the bail decision is the single most important cause of mass incarceration, yet this decision is often neglected since it is made in less than two minutes. Shima Baradaran Baughman draws on constitutional rights and new empirical research to show how we can reform bail in America. Tracing the history of bail, she demonstrates how it has become an oppressive tool of the courts that disadvantages minority and poor defendants and shows how we can reform bail to alleviate mass incarceration. By implementing these reforms, she argues, we can restore constitutional rights and release more defendants, while lowering crime rates.
Unraveling 2016: Comments on Gelman and Azari's 19 Things

Scholars, pundits, and wonks will be studying the 2016 election for a long time. The sheer number of unprecedented elements of the 2016 U.S. elections produced some shock fatigue and left even seas...
Tracking Provenance in Decision Making Between the Human and Autonomy

Provenance has been used as a measure of accountability, trust, and validity. Within the context of Command and Control (C2), provenance can be utilized to track the decision making processes that change data and dependencies. C2 of several unmanned autonomous vehicles provide a complex and ever-changing battlespace, with many actors and decision makers. The goal of this paper is to track and explain the autonomous decisions made by an intelligent C2 station based on its interactions with various systems using provenance. With provenance providing explanations and reasoning behind the actions of autonomy, a form of system accountability and transparency is achieved between human and machine.
Fundamentals of Mechanics of Materials

We begin with a brief introduction to the mechanics of materials for the nonspecialist, and then develop a description of elastic and inelastic constitutive behavior. The objective is to develop a common mathematical language that can be used to describe the mechanics of nanomaterials. A basic familiarity with the concepts of undergraduate strength of materials is assumed, particularly the concepts of stress and strain.
The Estimate of the First Eigenvalue of a Compact Riemannian Manifold

The main theorem proved in this chapter is: Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature. Then the first eigenvalue −λ1 of the Laplace operator of M satisfies λ1≥π2/ d2 , where d denotes the diameter of M. This estimate improves the recent results due to S. T. Yau and P. Li [1, 2] and gives the best estimate for this kind of manifold.
Abstract 1947: Hispanics are Half As Likely As Others to Use EMS and Experience a Favorable 3-Month Outcome after Acute Ischemic Stroke in San Diego, California

Background: Bridging racial-ethnic disparities in health care is a top public health priority. Hispanic Americans, the fastest growing segment in the United States, are at significantly higher risk...
Apalutamide for the treatment of prostate cancer

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Five new agents have been shown to prolong survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, including two targeting androgen receptor signaling (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone; enzalutamide). Recognition that these tumors remain driven by androgen receptor signaling has prompted clinical evaluation of these agents at earlier states in the prostate cancer disease continuum, along with the continued development of new agents targeting this pathway.Areas covered: This article focuses on apalutamide, a next-generation nonsteroidal antiandrogen, with current literature queried in PubMed/Medline. A narrative review strategy describes studies from engineering of the compound through to a 5-year outlook.Expert commentary: In the phase III SPARTAN study, apalutamide significantly improved metastasis-free survival in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer – the first treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for this indi...
Effect of Dural Substitute and Technique on Cranioplasty Operative Metrics: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy can be associated with significant morbidity. Dural substitutes during the initial decompression could improve outcomes. Methods We performed a systematic literature review of online peer-reviewed databases to determine the effect of dural substitutes during decompressive craniectomy on operative metrics and outcomes after subsequent cranioplasty. Results Nine studies from 2006 to 2018 had reported the results from 922 patients undergoing autologous cranioplasty. Seven types of dural substitute were described, including biologic and synthetic materials. Compared with no graft, the use of dural substitutes was associated with significantly decreased operative times and surgical blood loss during subsequent cranioplasty. One study evaluated dual-layer substitutes and documented superior results compared with single layer. The most commonly reported complications were infection and cerebrospinal fluid leak; however, a significant reduction in complications was seen in only 1 study. Conclusions The use of dural substitutes was associated with superior operative metrics, complication rates, and long-term outcomes.
Ovarian conservation in management of pediatric gynecology malignancies.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to outline ovarian conservation and fertility sparing surgery (FSS) in the management of the most common pediatric gynecology malignancies. Recent findings Management of gynecologic malignancies has evolved to have a greater appreciation for adverse late effects from radical surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. A growing body of literature has led to a paradigm shift toward ovarian conservation and FSS in the management of pediatric ovarian malignancies and genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The role of minimally invasive surgery is still being explored but guidelines support this approach as a viable option for early stage ovarian cancers when performed by skilled surgeons. Research continues to address settings in which adjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer can be avoided. Treatment for genitourinary RMS has transitioned from radical surgery to a conservative multimodal approach with FSS, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted radiation. Summary FSS and ovarian conservation are emerging concepts in the management of gynecologic malignancies in young women. Conservative surgical approaches and avoidance of gonadotoxic chemotherapy and radiation to minimize acute and long-term complications while maintaining efficacy are important considerations. Fertility preservation techniques continue to evolve and offer young women the opportunity for future fertility and preservation of ovarian function.
CPD 2018: The First Workshop on Combining Physical and Data-Driven Knowledge in Ubiquitous Computing

Real-world ubiquitous computing systems face the challenge of requiring a significant amount of data to obtain accurate information through pure data-driven approaches. The performance of these data-driven systems greatly depends on the quantity and 'quality' of data. In ideal conditions, pure data-driven methods perform well due to the abundance of data. However, in real-world systems, collecting data can be costly or impossible due to practical limitations. Physical knowledge, on the other hand, can be used to alleviate these issues of data limitation. This physical knowledge can include domain knowledge from experts, heuristics from experiences, as well as analytic models of the physical phenomena. This workshop aims to explore the intersection between (and the combination of) data and physical knowledge. The workshop will bring together domain experts that explore the physical understanding of the data, practitioners that develop systems and the researchers in traditional data-driven domains. The workshop welcomes addressing these issues in different applications/domains as well as algorithmic and systematic approaches to applying physical knowledge. Therefore, we further seek to develop a community that systematically analyzes the data quality regarding inference and evaluates the improvements from the physical knowledge. Preliminary and on-going work is welcomed.
Fast radio burst energetics and sources

Repeating and apparently non-repeating fast radio bursts (FRB) differ by orders of magnitude in duty factors, energy and rotation measure. Extensive monitoring of apparently non-repeating FRB has failed to find any repetitions. This suggests the two types differ qualitatively, rather than in repetition rate, and are produced by distinct kinds of sources. The absence of periodicity in repeating FRB argues that they are not produced by neutron stars. They may originate in dilute relativistic jets produced by low luminosity black hole accretion. Non-repeating FRB may be produced by catastrophic events such as the collapse of an accreting magnetic neutron star to a black hole or of an accreting magnetic white dwarf to a neutron star, during which a disappearing magnetic moment radiates dipole radiation that accelerates electrons in nearby matter. If they are emitted by collimated beams of relativistic particles or charge "bunches" with Lorentz factor $\gamma$, their radiation is collimated into a solid angle $\sim \gamma^{-2}$ sterad, reducing the energy requirement. If powered by magnetic reconnection, a pulse of length $\Delta t$ may draw on the magnetic energy in a volume $\sim \gamma^4 (c \Delta t)^3$, although only a fraction $\sim 1/\gamma^2$ of this may be dissipated without decollimation.
A 6.25 Mbps, 12.4 pJ/bit DQPSK Backscatter Wireless Uplink for the NeuroDisc Brain-Computer Interface

Wireless brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) used for fundamental neuroscience research in freely moving non-human primates (NHPs) require communication systems capable of transferring large volumes of recorded neural data while consuming minimal power. We introduce a 6.25 Mbps differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) backscatter wireless uplink for the NeuroDisc BCI, operating in the 902–928 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)-band. The backscatter uplink consumes 77.5 μ $W$ (only 0.06% of the system power budget), yielding a communication energy efficiency of 12.4 pJ/bit, while the measured error vector magnitude of the DQPSK constellation is 9.69%. The neural recording front-end has a measured input-referred noise of 2.35 μVrms at a maximum sampling rate of 20 kSps. We present end-to-end recording and wireless uplink validation with pre-recorded neural data as well as in vivo recordings from a pigtail macaque.
Benign Ovarian Tumors in Pregnancy: A Case Report of Metachronous Ipsilateral Recurrent Mucinous Cystadenoma in Initial Pregnancy and Mature Cystic Teratoma in Subsequent Pregnancy

Mucinous cystadenomas of the ovary are benign epithelial neoplasms that can grow rapidly during pregnancy. They may cause ovarian torsion, virilization, inferior vena cava syndrome, and even preterm labor and fetal growth restriction. Various theories exist regarding the pathogenesis of these tumors. One hypothesis suggests that they may arise from teratomas. Our case report describes synchronous mucinous cystadenomas and ovarian teratomas, as well as metachronous mucinous cystadenomas in patients with a history of ovarian teratoma. There has been no report of metachronous ipsilateral teratoma after previous mucinous cystadenoma. We present a 22-year-old female with a history of bilateral ovarian tumors in a prior pregnancy noted to have a recurrent ovarian mass on her left ovary at the time of cesarean section of a subsequent pregnancy. She had two prior cystectomies for metachronous mucinous cystadenomas of her left ovary, and a right salpingo-oophorectomy for the ovarian torsion in her previous pregnancy. On her current pregnancy, she developed a mature cystic teratoma of the remaining left ovary. The rapid growth and recurrence rate of these tumors highlights the importance of close surveillance of ovarian masses during pregnancy, even those that seem benign. In this case, a history of unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with multiple contralateral cystectomies did not appear to affect her fertility. Her future ovarian reserve is unknown, pointing to the need for adequate pre-operative counseling in similar cases of ovarian masses in pregnancy.
Abstracts from the Proceedings of the 2012 Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) Conference on Medical Student Education

The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM; http://www.stfm.org) is a community of professionals devoted to teaching family medicine through undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education. This multidisciplinary group of physicians, educators, behavioral scientists, and researchers works to further STFM's mission of improving the health of all people through education, research, patient care, and advocacy. The STFM held its 38th Conference on Medical Student Education in Long Beach, California, from February 2 to 5, 2012. The unifying theme of the conference was meeting the demands of high-quality education in a changing health care delivery environment. Kevin Grumbach, MD, from the University of California–San Francisco opened the conference with a plenary presentation emphasizing the importance of educating leaders and followers for health system improvement. Throughout the conference, participants shared ideas and learned new skills in more than 70 workshops, seminars, and discussions ...
Diversity patterns from sequentially restored grasslands support the ‘environmental heterogeneity hypothesis’

The ‘environmental heterogeneity hypothesis’ (EHH) has been proposed as a mechanism that enables species coexistence through resource partitioning. In accordance with this hypothesis, plant diversity is predicted to increase with variability in resources, but there has been weak support for this hypothesis from experimental studies. The objectives of this research were to 1) characterize how resource availability and heterogeneity (coefficient of variation) change as plant communities develop using sequentially restored grasslands, 2) determine if resource heterogeneity relates to plant diversity (effective number of species, richness and evenness) and 3) reveal if the strength of resource heterogeneity–diversity relationships is different among levels of resource availability. We quantified means and coefficients of variation in soil nitrate and light availability in grasslands established on former agricultural lands for different times and their relationship to plant diversity using a geostatistically‐informed design. Nitrate availability decreased exponentially with restoration age, but no directional change in nitrate heterogeneity across the chronosequence occurred due to high resource variability in some restorations. Light availability also decreased exponentially across the chronosequence, but there was no directional change in light heterogeneity. Nitrate heterogeneity was positively correlated with both plant richness and plant effective number of species at high levels of nitrate availability. However, no nitrate heterogeneity correlation was detected at low levels of nitrate availability. Light heterogeneity was positively correlated with plant effective number of species at low levels of light availability. However, no light heterogeneity correlation was detected at high levels of light availability. Plant evenness was not correlated with resource heterogeneity at any resource availability level. These results support the positive heterogeneity–diversity relationship predicted by EHH, and uniquely that this relationship develops within a decade of plant community development, but can be obscured by resource availability.
Crop species in no-tillage summer crop rotations affect soil quality and yield in an Alfisol

Abstract Incorporation of cover crops in no-tillage (NT) cropping systems can be constrained by economic and climatic barriers. In such condition, region-specific crop rotations can diversify and increase biomass input and improve soil quality. We aimed to evaluate the 15-yr impact of six cropping systems including corn-corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), soybean-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (SS), cotton-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (TT), corn-soybean (CS), cotton-corn (TC), and soybean-cotton (ST) on soil hydro-physical properties and yield on a no-till system. Study was conducted on a Loring silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs) at Milan, TN. Incorporation of cotton in the cropping system increased near-surface penetration resistance by 17%. Field soil moisture during dry periods (θvd) was 18% greater in corn-soybean and continuous corn than other cropping systems. Including corn in cropping system also increased the wet aggregates stability (WAS) in the top 15 cm and geometric mean diameter (GMD) in the top 30 cm. Among all treatments, corn-soybean resulted in the greatest field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs = 25.2 cm day−1), cumulative infiltration after 200 min (I = 114 mm), and plant-available water content (PAWC = 0.20 cm3 cm−3). However, mean values were only different (p
Making connections among representations of eigenvector: what sort of a beast is it?

Many studies provide insights into students’ conceptions of various linear algebra topics and difficulties they face with multiple modes of thinking needed for conceptualization. While it is important to understand students’ initial conceptions, students’ transfer of learning of these conceptions to subsequent courses can provide additional information to structure meaningful curricular materials. This study explores physics students’ transfer of learning of eigenvalues and eigenvectors from prerequisite experiences to quantum mechanics. Data analysis focused on three task-based interviews with undergraduate students, observations of physics courses, and students’ course artifacts. Existing studies on students’ conceptions of linear algebra topics indicate the necessity of developing flexible shifts between different modes of thinking in order to grasp linear algebra. This study’s participants, who had initial learning experiences of linear algebra, were also observed to struggle with such shifts prior to quantum courses. It seems that various contexts in quantum courses, and explicit instructional methods, provided opportunities for students to enhance this initial learning of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In particular, the explicit reasoning of one of the quantum courses’ instructors concerning the choice of certain representations during problem solving in class, seemed to facilitate students’ construction of similarities, thus providing evidence for actor-oriented transfer. Results of this study align with goals for recently developed instructional materials and interventions that emphasize opportunities for students to inquire and connect multiple modes of thinking.
Role of Rubrics and Gifted Students

This column examines the role of rubrics in evaluating gifted students’ performance as a part of examining issues surrounding the overall evaluation of gifted programs. The author examines how rubr...
Perceptual Compression for Video Storage and Processing Systems

Compressed videos constitute 70% of Internet traffic, and video upload growth rates far outpace compute and storage improvement trends. Past work in leveraging perceptual cues like saliency, i.e., regions where viewers focus their perceptual attention, reduces compressed video size while maintaining perceptual quality, but requires significant changes to video codecs and ignores the data management of this perceptual information. In this paper, we propose Vignette, a compression technique and storage manager for perception-based video compression in the cloud. Vignette complements off-the-shelf compression software and hardware codec implementations. Vignette's compression technique uses a neural network to predict saliency information used during transcoding, and its storage manager integrates perceptual information into the video storage system. Our results demonstrate the benefit of embedding information about the human visual system into the architecture of cloud video storage systems.
Proclivity of nervous system preservation in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits

Recent investigations on neurological tissues preserved in Cambrian fossils have clarified the phylogenetic affinities and head segmentation in pivotal members of stem-group Euarthropoda. However, palaeoneuroanatomical features are often incomplete or described from single exceptional specimens, raising concerns about the morphological interpretation of fossilized neurological structures and their significance for early euarthropod evolution. Here, we describe the central nervous system (CNS) of the short great-appendage euarthropod Alalcomenaeus based on material from two Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits of the American Great Basin, the Pioche Formation (Stage 4) and the Marjum Formation (Drumian). The specimens reveal complementary ventral and lateral views of the CNS, preserved as a dark carbonaceous compression throughout the body. The head features a dorsal brain connected to four stalked ventral eyes, and four pairs of segmental nerves. The first to seventh trunk tergites overlie a ventral nerve cord with seven ganglia, each associated with paired sets of segmental nerve bundles. Posteriorly, the nerve cord features elongate thread-like connectives. The Great Basin fossils strengthen the original description-and broader evolutionary implications-of the CNS in Alalcomenaeus from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang deposit of South China. The spatio-temporal recurrence of fossilized neural tissues in Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstatten across North America (Pioche, Burgess Shale, Marjum) and South China (Chengjiang, Xiaoshiba) indicates that their preservation is consistent with the mechanism of Burgess Shale-type fossilization, without the need to invoke alternative taphonomic pathways or the presence of microbial biofilms.
Negative Externality of the Data Collection and Its Governing Methods.

In this paper, we aim at finding out the mechanism of the negative externality of governance in the process of data collection. In the big data age, data collection is the key link of data value mining. Using “public” and “externality” of public economics theory to carry out empirical analysis, on the one hand, the technology innovation produced by data collection brings huge positive externalities, but at the same time the Temptation of potential data set, may bring about the excessive behavior of value mining, which may cause the negative externalities that endanger the privacy of citizens. In order to make data collection and use of compliance reasonable, the author intends to design the system arrangement of “negative externality internalization” from the aspects of externality marketization and public management mode: (1) To establish industry data Alliance or data benefit community, and then design data security protocol and restriction, which need to be placed on the agenda, (2) the responsibility of negative externalities should be shifted to the data set users, and the relief responsibility of the government as trustee should be clarified through the design of legal system. All of the above are used to circumvent the potential social costs above private costs.
XAIT: An Interactive Website for Explainable AI for Text

Explainable AI (XAI) for text is an emerging field focused on developing novel techniques to render black-box models more interpretable for text-related tasks. To understand the recent advances in XAI for text, we have done an extensive literature review and user studies. Allowing users to easily explore the assets we created is a major challenge. In this demo we present an interactive website named XAIT. The core of XAIT is a tree-like taxonomy, with which the users can interactively explore and understand the field of XAI for text through different dimensions: (1) the type of text tasks in consideration; (2) the explanation techniques used for a particular task; (3) who are the target and appropriate users for a particular explanation technique. XAIT can be used as a recommender system for users to find out what are the appropriate and suitable explanation techniques for their text-related tasks, or for researchers who want to find out publications and tools relating to XAI for text.
Draft Genome Sequences of Thiorhodococcus mannitoliphagus and Thiorhodococcus minor, Purple Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria in the Gammaproteobacterial Family Chromatiaceae

We have determined the draft genome sequences of Thiorhodococcus mannitoliphagus and Thiorhodococcus minor for comparison with those of T. drewsii and Imhoffiella purpurea According to average nucleotide identity (ANI) and whole-genome phylogenetic comparisons, these two species are clearly distinct from the Imhoffiella species and T. drewsii.
Transition Readiness in Teens and Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Can We Make a Difference?

Objectives To examine changes in transition readiness (knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management) over time and explore factors associated with transition readiness, including psychosocial quality of life (QOL) and health service utilization in teens/young adults with congenital heart disease. Study design In a multicenter prospective cohort study, 356 patients, age 14-27 years, completed transition readiness and QOL assessments at routine cardiology visits at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Results Median patient age was 19.8 years at 1.03 years (IQR 0.98-1.24) following baseline transition readiness assessment. Average knowledge deficit scores decreased at follow-up (P Conclusion Transition readiness assessment demonstrated improved knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management at 1-year follow-up in teens/young adults with congenital heart disease. Improved knowledge and self-efficacy were associated with improved psychosocial QOL. Self-management remained low. Supplemental media for conveying information and greater involvement of parents may be needed to optimize transition readiness.
Elevated ACE-2 expression in the olfactory neuroepithelium: implications for anosmia and upper respiratory SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication.

ACE2 protein is expressed at high levels in the human olfactory epithelium relative to upper airway epithelial cells. This may explain COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction, while suggesting a SARS-CoV-2 reservoir site and potential intranasal therapy.
Measuring Arousal and Emotion in Healthcare Employees Using Novel Devices

A positive working environment is fundamental for reducing employee turnover, and increasing engagement and productivity. Technologies such as wearable sensors and video analysis of facial expressions can be used to objectively measure the emotional responses of employees in real-time in the workplace. The study aims were to perform a preliminary investigation into the validities of a wearable galvanic skin response (GSR) device to detect emotional arousal responses and video-based facial expression analysis (FEA) to measure emotional valence in desk-based healthcare employees in response to their own self-chosen personal pictures. Six office employees were presented with their own pictures (two positive, two negative) in a randomized order at one time point during their regular work shifts while wearing GSR sensors on the middle and index fingers of their non-dominant hand with their face in view of a webcam. The number of peaks per minute was estimated from the GSR data and used as the arousal metric. FEA was performed on the video data to determine the emotional valence for each stimulus. Russell’s circumplex model of affect was used to determine participant’s emotional responses to the personal pictures. The GSR device detected arousal responses to the stimuli, with agreement, precision, and recall values all $\gt96$%. Video-based FEA classified emotional valence with agreement, precision, and recall values $\lt57$%. Similarly, the circumplex model determined emotional affect with poor validity due to the poor validity of the FEA-derived valence metric. The study results suggest that the GSR device is capable of detecting emotional arousal for both positive and negative emotions in real-time in the workplace.
Spillover Effects from Voluntary Employer Minimum Wages

Low unionization rates, a falling real federal minimum wage, and prevalent non-competes characterize low-wage jobs in the United States and contribute to growing inequality. In recent years, a number of private employers have opted to institute or raise company-wide minimum wages for their employees, sometimes in response to public pressure. To what extent do wage-setting changes at major employers spill over to other employers, and what are the labor market effects of these policies? In this paper, we study recent minimum wages by Amazon, Walmart, Target, and Costco using data from millions of online job ads and employee surveys. We document that these policies induced wage increases at low-wage jobs at other employers. In the case of Amazon, which instituted a $15 minimum wage in October 2018, our estimates imply that a 10% increase in Amazon's advertised hourly wages led to an average increase of 2.6% among other employers in the same commuting zone. Using the CPS, we estimate wage increases in exposed jobs in line with our magnitudes from employee surveys and find that major employer minimum wage policies led to small but precisely estimated declines in employment, with employment elasticities ranging from -.04 to -.13.
Female putty-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) vocally recruit males for predator defence.

Alarm calls can trigger very different behavioural changes in receivers and signallers might apply different alarm call strategies based on their individual cost-benefit ratio. These cost-benefit r...
Police Suicide: The Hidden Danger

Suicide is the consequence of a hidden danger in law enforcement. It is an indicator of the intolerable strain of police work and life away from work. Witnessing death, abused children, and inordinate stress weigh heavily as precipitants to depression and suicide among police. Culturally approved alcohol use, maladaptive coping, firearms availability, lack of adequate support, and exposure to psychologically adverse incidents all add to this suicide nexus. This chapter examines several areas of police suicide. First, a short description of relevant research which suggests that police suicide is higher than the United States general working population. Second, an examination of etiological factors that may increase the risk for suicide among police. Third, how police suicide can be prevented and what are the impediments to prevention. Fourth, the protective characteristic of resiliency and how, along with the organization, it can help to lessen psychological harm in officers. As we look further into this topic, our inquiries emphasize the urgent need for future research and pathways to prevention.
Recent Advances in Defining Mannose Receptor Structure and Function

The macrophage mannose receptor (MR) mediates the binding and internalization of glycoproteins, viruses, bacteria and fungi through recognition of terminal mannose residues on exposed oligosaccharides (Pontow et al., 1992). A member of the calcium-dependent (C-type) animal lectin family, the MR has been assigned to a distinct subgroup in view of an atypical protein and gene structure (Drickamer, 1993). Because the MR functions in both endocytosis and phagocytosis, it is also unique among the group of pH-dependent recycling endocytic receptors to which it is related. The first decade of research characterizing the MR has been reviewed in detail (Pontow et al., 1992; Stahl, 1992; Stahl, 1990, Ezekowitz and Stahl, 1988), and will be summarized next. The remainder of this review will focus on the recent and exciting observations that have underlined both exceptional and clinically significant qualities of MR structure and function.
A FACILITY FOR THE STUDY OF NEUTRON MODERATION AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES IN A LIGHT WATER POOL NUCLEAR REACTOR.

One function of a nuclear reactor employed as a research tool is the production of collimated beams of neutrons which may be used to study the atomic lattice structure of solid and liquid materials. A light water-moderated pool-type reactor is often employed in these research activities because of its relatively low cost and because its core and moderator are maintained at temperatures not far above room temperature during operation. With the reactor core assembly operating at a temperature of 283° to 310°K, the spectrum of neutrons in the beams produced is peaked in the vicinity of 1 to 2 A, a most convenient wavelength for atomic structure studies by neutron diffraction. Studies concerned with the vibrational structure of solids and liquids and those concerned with the identification and distribution of defects in solids often require neutrons of much longer wavelengths, The intensity of neutrons from the spectrum of a nuclear reactor normally falls off by a factor of ten at the longer wavelengths of interest, This is shown in Fig. 1 for a reactor operating at 311°K.
Abstract 1628: Direct anti-cancer effects of zoledronic acid on human cancer cell

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Zoledronic Acid (ZA) is a potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBP) has been extensively used to limit bone turnover in a various diseases including tumors. Recently, clinical trails of Zoledronic Acid demonstrated direct anti-cancer effects as well as the known skeletal-related events. We investigated the effect of 4 NBPs on human tumor cells proliferation and found ZA is most potent for GBM cell, breast cell and GBM patients' stem-cell-like cells. ZA also effectively inhibited GBM tumor growth in mouse model. ZA stimulated strong autophagy but not apoptotic signals in all tested cells. One intermediate product of cholesterols synthesis pathway—-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) rescued cell from the cytotoxicity of ZA. Knock-down RABGGTA, which encoded a subunit of the Rab geranylgeranyltransferase proteins, induced a similar effect as Zoledronic Acid in cancer cell lines. These data suggested great potential for Zoledronic Acid against human cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Pengfei Jiang, Rajesh Mukthavavam, Natsuko Nomura, Sandeep C. Pingle, Santosh Kesari. Direct anti-cancer effects of zoledronic acid on human cancer cell. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1628. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1628
Converging evidence for the pro-inflammatory role of p-glycoprotein in Th2 polarized chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes

Background T-helper 2 (Th2) inflammation is a hallmark of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and eosinophilic CRS (eCRS) although the pathogenesis is poorly understood. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux pump which is expressed within sinonasal mucosa and is capable of regulating cytokine transport in both epithelial and T-cells. The purpose of this study was to synthesize multiple lines of evidence suggesting that P-gp may promote inflammation in Th2 polarized CRS endotypes.
Epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow wave sleep in a child diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified

This section is intended to tap into a relatively unique feature of site’s (http://ees.elsevier.com/sleep/) Guide for Authors for sleep science: images with great educational and conceptual content (e.g., electroencephalograms, electromyograms, polysomnograms, portable devices, actigrams, scans including functional images, pathology specimens, brain slice preparations, fluorescent microscopy and other cutting edge techniques). Please see our web
Ubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and recruitment of human DNA polymerase η

This study investigated the requirement for ubiquitylation of PCNA at lysine 164 during polymerase eta-dependent translesion synthesis (TLS) of site-specific cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimers (T (wedge)T). The in vitro assay recapitulated origin-dependent initiation, fork assembly, and semiconservative, bidirectional replication of double-stranded circular DNA substrates. A phosphocellulose column was used to fractionate HeLa cell extracts into two fractions; flow-through column fraction I (CFI) contained endogenous PCNA, RPA, ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, and ubiquitin conjugase Rad6, and eluted column fraction II (CFII) included pol delta, pol eta, and RFC. CFII supplemented with purified recombinant RPA and PCNA (wild type or K164R, in which lysine was replaced with arginine) was competent for DNA replication and TLS. K164R-PCNA complemented CFII for these activities to the same extent and efficiency as wild-type PCNA. CFII mixed with CFI (endogenous PCNA, E1, Rad6) exhibited enhanced DNA replication activity, but the same TLS efficiency determined with the purified proteins. These results demonstrate that PCNA ubiquitylation at K164 of PCNA is not required in vitro for pol eta to gain access to replication complexes at forks stalled by T (wedge)T and to catalyze TLS across this dimer.
Homodigital Antegrade-Flow Neurovascular Pedicle Flaps for Sensate Reconstruction of Fingertip Amputation Injuries

Fingertip amputations through the distal 50% of the nail matrix usually create a finger that is best served by maintaining length. When the amputation is more proximal than this, revision with ablation of the small residual nail unit may provide greater overall patient satisfaction. When amputations in the distal 50% of the nail matrix are transverse or short oblique in orientation, a flap of some kind is needed to restore the contact surface of the pulp. Many alternative reconstructive strategies are possible but have inherent limitations that detract from the quality of the final result. Inadequate padding, lack of sensibility, excessive tension, hook nail deformity, poor durability, and donor site morbidity are but some of the considerations. Although not a panacea for all distal fingertip amputations, the antegrade-flow homodigital neurovascular pedicle flap offers a good ratio of advantages to disadvantages. As with all flaps, knowledge and execution of the details largely determine the outcome.
Scaling analysis of diffusion-mediated island growth in surface adsorption processes.

We examine the competition between diffusion-mediated irreversible nucleation and growth of islands during submonolayer deposition on perfect substrates. We provide a detailed scaling theory for the complete distribution of island sizes and separations, both with the ratio of diffusion to deposition rate and with time. Scaling functions and exponents are obtained by simulation. The leading scaling behavior is independent of details of the island structure. These results are supplemented by an analysis of rate equations for the island-size distribution whose unconventional form appropriately describes island nucleation and growth mechanisms. The exponents agree with the simulations and the island-size distribution shows qualitative agreement. We further provide simulation results for the scaling of the island-separation distribution, quantifying, in particular, the depletion in the concentration of pairs of islands at small separations.
Isolation and characterization of a molecular complex containing Thy-1 antigen from the surface of murine thymocytes and T cells.

A complex containing the Thy-1 (θ) antigen has been isolated from the surface of murine thymocytes and T cells by cell surface radioiodination, lysis by freezing and thawing, and immunoprecipitation. The specificity of the immunoprecipitation was firmly established using both congenic and noncongenic anti-Thy-1 sera and thymocytes from congenic and noncongenic mice. Unlike cell surface Ig and the TL and H-2 alloantigens, the antigenicity of Thy-1 was abolished by treatment with nonionic detergent. Thy-1 was localized exclusively in a complex of cell surface molecules which has a density lower than that of protein. Moreover, Thy-1 could be readily labeled by incubating thymocytes with [3H]galactose, but not 3H-labeled amino acids. These observations suggest that the antigenicity of Thy-1 may reside in a glycolipid.
Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults.

Background: Physical activity may lower the risk for coronary heart disease by mitigating inflammation, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and C-reactive protein concentration in a national sample of the U.S. population. Methods: The analytic sample included 13,748 participants >or=20 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) with complete data for the main study variables. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, work status, smoking status, cotinine concentration, hypertension, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and aspirin use, the odds ratios for elevated C-reactive protein concentration (dichotomized at the >or=85th percentile of the sex-specific distribution) were 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.78-1.23), 0.85 (0.70-1.02), and 0.53 (0.40-0.71) for participants who engaged in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, respectively, during the previous month compared with participants who did not engage in any leisure-time physical activity. In addition, leisure-time physical activity was positively associated with serum albumin concentration and inversely associated with both log-transformed plasma fibrinogen concentration and log-transformed white blood cell count. Conclusions: These results add to mounting evidence that physical activity may reduce inflammation, which is a critical process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Identification and characterization of biologically distinct isolates of Iris yellow spot virus (genus Tospovirus , family Bunyaviridae ), a serious pathogen of onion

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) causes an economically important disease in onion bulb and seed crops. While considerable information on the genetic diversity of the virus is available, little is known about the biological variability of the virus. Using two experimental hosts, Nicotiana benthamiana and Datura stramonium, IYSV from naturally infected onion fields was evaluated to determine the existence of biologically different isolates using the following criteria: ability to establish infection and become systemic, and the severity of the disease caused in inoculated plants. Additionally, the nucleocapsid gene of these biologically distinct isolates of IYSY was characterized at the molecular level.