cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of vitamin C intake in children in kindergartens

To study the potential intake of enough vitamin C from food for children in kindergartens of Shanghai urban area. The data of dietary survey in seven kindergartents during the past 20 years were analyzed and compared by two different methods,weighting sample food and records of weighted food.The weight ratio of vegetable/animal and green/light vegetables were counted.The intake of vitamin C in children was expressed by the percentage of Recommended Nutrient Intakes(RNI). In the 80's,the intake was higher in boarding group provided with lower animal protein than those provided with higher animal protein.In the 90's,the intake of vegetables in boarding group was much increased,and higher than that for day care children.When intake of vegetables and fruits doubled that of animal food,or the intake of green vegetables was 2/3 of total vegetable food,children may obtain perfect intake of vitamin C. [Conclusion] Preschool children may obtain sufficient vitamin C through adequately decreasing animal food and increasing the darkgreen vegetables.
Evaluation of health education and chemotherapeutic treatment on the prevention of clonorchiasis

Objective To analyze the infection rate,risk of infection and awareness of clonorchiasis in Shunde District,evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and health education measures,and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control the infection and reduce the social and financial burden of clonorchiasis. Methods Two villages with similar infection rate were studied in 2009-2010. Residents in the two villages were all provided with health education. Infected subjects in one of the villages were treated with therapeutics (experimental group) and residents in the another village were not treated(control group).Infection rate,health knowledge,behaviors and ultrasonic B examination,liver function indices were analyzed before and after the treatment. Results The awareness of infection was significantly increased in the two groups of residents.In the experimental group,the infection rate was significantly reduced from 63% to 32.2% (χ2=165.64,P0.05). The abnormality rate of hepatobiliary system by B-ultrasonography and liver function was also reduced from 85.5% to 62.8%(χ2=17.58,P0.05)and from 22.7% to 12.0%(χ2=4.33,P0.05),respectively. All these parameters were not significantly changed in the control group. Conclusion The awareness of infection can be improved through health education. The infection rate can further be reduced by therapeutics.
Bicarbonate transport in collecting tubules from outer stripe of outer medulla of rabbit kidneys.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the features of bicarbonate (total CO2) transport in isolated perfused collecting tubules obtained from the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OMCTos) of rabbit kidneys. Under control conditions (25 mM HCO3- in the perfusate and bath), all OMCTos studied absorbed total CO2 at a mean rate of 8.61 +/- 0.44 pmol.mm-1.min-1. Ouabain (10(-4) M in the bath) did not affect the rate of total CO2 absorption (JtCO2). Addition of the diethylstilbene 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) in a concentration of 10(-4) M or replacement of bath chloride by gluconate reduced JtCO2 by approximately 50%, whereas replacement of luminal chloride increased JtCO2 by 40%. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide in concentrations of 10(-4) M had little effect on JtCO2. In a concentration of 10(-3) M, acetazolamide reduced JtCO2 by only 31%. OMCTos obtained from rabbits with ammonium chloride-induced metabolic acidosis did not have increased rates of total CO2 absorption compared with the control, but treatment of animals with mineralocorticoids increased JtCO2. These results indicate that OMCTos are capable of significant bicarbonate absorption in vitro. This absorption 1) is independent of sodium transport, 2) appears to require, at least in large part, HCO3- or OH- -Cl- exchange across the basolateral cell membrane of acid-secreting cells, 3) is much more resistant to inhibition by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors than reported previously for other rabbit nephron segments, and 4) is stimulated by prior mineralocorticoid treatment of animals but not by prior metabolic acidosis in vivo.
Shearography in Experimental Mechanics and Nondestructive Testing

This paper reviews shearography and its applications in experimental mechanics and nondestructive testing. Shearography is an interferometric method for measuring surface displacement derivatives. Unlike holography, it does not require special vibration isolation; hence it can be employed in field/factory environments. The technique has already received wide industrial acceptance for nondestructive testing. Other applications include strain measurement, material characterization, residual stress evaluation, vibration studies and 3D shape measurement.
“With grace under pressure”: How critique as signature pedagogy fosters effective music performance:

Inspired by seminal writings on Critique as Signature Pedagogy in the Arts and performance as Signature Pedagogy in Music, this article unifies these two concepts into a study of how critique as si...
CHAPTER 264 – Signaling from FGF Receptors in Development and Disease

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family which consists of four structurally related members: FGFR 1, 2, 3, 4, and their alternatively spliced variants. Each receptor contains two to three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains in the extracellular region, an acidic box between Ig-1 and Ig-2, a transmembrane domain, and a split intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Normal activation of FGFRs relies on interaction with their ligands: fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). At least 22 FGFs are known to date, and each FGFR member interacts with a specific subset of FGFs. FGFRs play vital roles in growth, development, differentiation, and migration. Genetic analyses of FGFRs indicate their importance in organ and neuronal development. In addition, FGFs activate FGFRs to trigger multiple signaling pathways in the cell. Unfortunately, space has not permitted a discussion of the role of somatic FGFR mutations in human cancer. Many new pathways of FGFR signaling undoubtedly remain to be discovered that will be important in understanding manmialian development and also the control of abnormal cell proliferation in cancer.
Damage Diagnosis and Prognosis Methodology to Estimate Safe Load for Aircraft Structure

The next generation of resilient aircraft control systems needs to have the ability to adaptively respond to off-nominal flight conditions, including the incurrence of structural discrete-source damage during flight. Hence, development of efficient methodologies to determine the presence, location, and severity of damage in critical structural components is important in developing efficient structural health management systems. To avoid loss of control due to off-nominal conditions during a flight, load levels must be controlled such that it is safe to continue the flight without failure. Hence, a capability is needed for accurate real-time predictions of residual strength in aircraft structures with complex damage configurations. Elastic-plastic fracture-mechanics-based failure assessment diagrams combined with crack-tip opening displacement assist in determining whether the structure is safe under current operational loading conditions. A range of materials and thicknesses used in the aerospace industry...
Religion, counterprivates, and disabilites

This article contributes to the emerging intersectional analyses of religious studies and disability studies by conceptualizing counterprivates specific to religious spaces. To accomplish this task, we investigate the ways in which persons with disabilities, both physical and cognitive, engender counterprivate spaces within Evangelical and Mormon churches. Specifically, we posit that those with disabilities constitute a counterprivate within (a) evangelical communities through theological incongruence and (b) within Mormon spaces through the ways in which counterprivates inform counterpublics. Throughout this paper, we elucidate Mormon and Evangelical spaces as a means of investigating the heterogeneity of private, religious spaces often unrecognized by scholarship.
Cinco modelos de adjudicação administrativa (Justiça Administrativa)

Regimes regulatorios e de distribuicao de beneficios ocasionam um grande numero de disputas individuais entre agencias governamentais e particulares. Cada pais precisa de um sistema de adjudicacao administrativa para solucionar essas disputas corretamente, com justica e eficiencia. Esses sistemas geralmente compreendem tres fases – decisao inicial, reconsideracao administrativa e revisao judicial. Entretanto, os detalhes dos varios sistemas empregados ao redor do mundo sao impressionantemente diferentes, e muitos paises tendem a investir a maior parte dos recursos adjudicatorios em apenas uma dessas tres fases (e os particulares que tem uma disputa com o governo tendem a confiar mais em uma das fases do que nas outras duas). Este artigo propoe uma metodologia para a classificacao desses sistemas. Ele identifica quatro variaveis importantes: agencias com funcoes combinadas ou tribunals separados; procedimento inquisitorio ou adversarial; revisao judicial que pode ser aberta a introducao de novas provas ou fechada a elas; e revisao judicial feita por cortes de competencia comum ou especializada. O artigo identifica cinco modelos mais usados ao redor do mundo, que envolvem diferentes combinacoes dessas variaveis. Os Estados Unidos, por exemplo, utilizam agencias com funcoes combinadas, procedimento adversarial e revisao judicial fechada procedida por cortes de competencia comum. Por outro lado, o Reino Unido utiliza um tribunal independente para reconsiderar decisoes iniciais das agencias. A Franca utiliza o sistema de revisao judicial aberta efetuada por uma corte especializada. Cada um desses modelos pode oferecer decisoes corretas e eficientes, preservando a justica. Finalmente, o artigo discute transplantes de um sistema de adjudicacao administrativa para outro. Existem varios exemplos de transplantes bem sucedidos. O artigo sugere que os Estados Unidos deveriam considerar a adocao de um tribunal para a seguridade social (a semelhanca dos tribunals do Reino Unido e da Australia) para substituir o atual sistema de adjudicacao nos litigios envolvendo a seguridade social.
Remark on Engineering Aspects of Transition

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the remarks on engineering aspects of transition. The scientific aspects of transition encompass the complete process. The engineering aspects of transition are those of concern for the prediction and/or control of the transition process. In an environment where initial disturbance levels are small, the transition Reynolds number of a boundary layer, for example, is very much dependent upon the nature and spectrum of the disturbance environment, the signatures in the boundary layer of these disturbances and their excitation of the normal modes, and finally the linear amplification of the growing normal modes. There is ample documentation that the factors that affect linear amplification are the primary factors that determine the magnitude of the transition Reynolds number. This is simply because the linear amplification step is the slowest of the multiple steps in the transition process.
Identifying peers in international tax competition

Multinational companies (MNCs) have historically used corporate subsidiaries to isolate income earned in lower-taxed jurisdictions from tax in a higher-rate home country. This planning technique has been long accepted as a strategy to lower the MNC’s effective tax rate and maintain shareholder value. A recently study, however, demonstrates that this is an inefficient, and possibly inappropriate, strategy. This article conducts a comprehensive empirical benchmarking analysis by applying cluster analysis to empirically identify peer groups of MNCs operating in the pharmaceutical industry. We find that most firms consistently fall into the same cluster, providing evidence that income shifting can be benchmarked by industry sector. We also find special cases where firms should be excluded from the benchmark.
We’ve Got High Hopes: Using Hope to Improve Higher Education

AbstractIn recent years, higher education’s focus has changed from curricula-focused on student learning to curricula-intended to meet performance metrics and secure institutional resources. Shifting attention from students’ learning to students’ performance has left many students, faculty, and staff within higher education feeling isolated and disconnected. What can higher education professionals do to improve institutions and enhance the student experience? One way is to re-conceptualize and redefine the concept of hope and incorporate hope into practice. This article focuses on how institutions can draw on a re-conceptualized definition of hope to improve higher education and increase student learning.
Reducing the RNA binding protein TIA1 protects against tau-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo

Emerging studies suggest a role for tau in regulating the biology of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). We now show that reducing the RBP T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) in vivo protects against neurodegeneration and prolongs survival in transgenic P301S Tau mice. Biochemical fractionation shows co-enrichment and co-localization of tau oligomers and RBPs in transgenic P301S Tau mice. Reducing TIA1 decreased the number and size of granules co-localizing with stress granule markers. Decreasing TIA1 also inhibited the accumulation of tau oligomers at the expense of increasing neurofibrillary tangles. Despite the increase in neurofibrillary tangles, TIA1 reduction increased neuronal survival and rescued behavioral deficits and lifespan. These data provide in vivo evidence that TIA1 plays a key role in mediating toxicity and further suggest that RBPs direct the pathway of tau aggregation and the resulting neurodegeneration. We propose a model in which dysfunction of the translational stress response leads to tau-mediated pathology.
Feeling Safe in a Dangerous Place: Exploring the Neighborhood Safety Perceptions of Low-Income African American Youth:

Research shows that neighborhood safety is strongly associated with the health and well-being of adolescents. However, few studies examine what shapes these perceptions of safety, especially for ad...
The politics of bounded procurement: Purists, brokers and the politics-procurement dichotomy

The last two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in the body of literature addressing the importance and the impact of contracting and public procurement within the context of devolution of government. The austere budgetary and financial outlooks of the future suggest that the significance of the area will only continue to grow. As such, generating explanatory frameworks, within dimensions such as decisionmaking and accountability in public procurement, becomes crucial. Drawing from original research this article suggests one possible frame for understanding administrative decision-making in complex environments. Based on semi-structured interviews with public procurement specialists, the study identifies two decision-making patterns− broker and purist. It is asserted that the decision-making dynamics exhibited by administrators are contingent on their perceptions regarding environmental instability, in particular the political volatility surrounding their work.
Renitence vacuoles facilitate protection against phagolysosomal damage in activated macrophages

As professional phagocytes, macrophages are susceptible to endolysosomal membrane damage inflicted by the pathogens and noxious particles they ingest. Whether macrophages have mechanisms for limiting such damage is not well understood. Previously, we reported a phenomenon, termed "inducible renitence," in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of macrophages protected their endolysosomes against damage initiated by the phagocytosis of silica beads. To gain mechanistic insight into the process, we analyzed the kinetics of renitence and morphological features of LPS-activated versus resting macrophages following silica bead-mediated injury. We discovered novel vacuolar structures that form in LPS-activated but not resting macrophages following silica bead phagocytosis. Because of their correlation with renitence and damage-resistant nature, we termed these structures "renitence vacuoles" (RVs). RVs formed coincident with silica bead uptake in a process associated with membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis. However, unlike normal macropinosomes (MPs), which shrink within 20 min of formation, RVs persisted around bead-containing phagosomes. RVs fused with lysosomes, whereas associated phagosomes typically did not. These findings are consistent with a model in which RVs, as persistent MPs, prevent fusion between damaged phagosomes and intact lysosomes and thereby preserve endolysosomal integrity.
Design of V2G auxiliary service system based on 5G technology

In order to deal with the existing deficiencies of V2G communication in auxiliary service system, which is reflected in bandwidth, delay, reliability, safety and mobility, etc., this paper propose to apply 5G technology into the system. At first, we analyzed the communication requirement and the communication technology in V2G system. After that, we designed the overall system architecture and information transferring process, both based on 5G technology. The process consists of the V2G service connection process initiated by EV, the V2G service connection process initiated by V2G server and the aggregator registration updating process switched by EV. The 5G-based V2G system we proposed can satisfy the requirement on wireless communication network, and hence can improve the integration of renewable energy into the grid and finally improve the economic and environmental efficiency of the grid, with all these improvements under a safe and reliable grid.
Burden of disease due to sleep duration and sleep problems in the elderly.

Abstract Objectives The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasizes conceptualizing sleep as a healthy behavior. Although a large literature exists documenting the morbidity or mortality of suboptimal sleep, fewer investigations have examined the burden of disease in a single number combining morbidity and mortality. This study examined the morbidity, as measured by health-related quality of life (HRQOL), mortality, and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) due to suboptimal (inadequate or excessive) sleep. Design and participants We ascertained respondents' HRQOL scores and mortality status from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with mortality follow-up data through December 31, 2011 for respondents aged 65 and older (n = 2380). We estimated mean QALY according to duration of sleep, minutes to fall asleep, number of sleeping problems, and daytime impact. Results More than one third of participants reported a suboptimal sleep duration. Short sleep duration had a greater adverse impact on morbidity, with reductions in HRQOL, while long sleep duration had a greater adverse impact on mortality. Compared to participants who reported between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per night, mean QALYs were significantly lower among participants who slept 10 or more hours a night (7.8 QALY; decrease of 9.8 QALY). Conclusions This study confirmed the association between suboptimal sleep and greater burden of disease among the elderly US population. Our findings provide support for treating sleep as a healthy (health risk) behavior, thereby having implications for primary care providers and public health surveillance.
Liver fat imaging—a clinical overview of ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging

Hepatic steatosis is a frequently encountered imaging finding that may indicate chronic liver disease, the most common of which is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is implicated in the development of systemic diseases and its progressive phenotype, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, leads to increased liver-specific morbidity and mortality. With the rising obesity epidemic and advent of novel therapeutics aimed at altering metabolism, there is a growing need to quantify and monitor liver steatosis. Imaging methods for assessing steatosis range from simple and qualitative to complex and highly accurate metrics. Ultrasound may be appropriate in some clinical instances as a screening modality to identify the presence of abnormal liver morphology. However, it lacks sufficient specificity and sensitivity to constitute a diagnostic modality for instigating and monitoring therapy. Newer ultrasound techniques such as quantitative ultrasound show promise in turning qualitative assessment of steatosis on conventional ultrasound into quantitative measurements. Conventional unenhanced CT is capable of detecting and quantifying moderate to severe steatosis but is inaccurate at diagnosing mild steatosis and involves the use of radiation. Newer CT techniques, like dual energy CT, show potential in expanding the role of CT in quantifying steatosis. MRI proton-density fat fraction is currently the most accurate and precise imaging biomarker to quantify liver steatosis. As such, proton-density fat fraction is the most appropriate noninvasive end point for steatosis reduction in clinical trials and therapy response assessment.
Inhibition of Renin-Angiotensin System: Implications for Diabetes Control and Prevention

Several large-scale clinical studies have consistently demonstrated that use of inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers was associated with significant reduction of new-onset diabetes in patients with insulin resistance such as primary hypertension. Such observations stimulated major investigations into the interaction of angiotensin and insulin signaling systems, which in turn led to the discovery of a cross talk at several steps between the 2 pathways. Evidence from these clinical trials and from the experimental models of insulin resistance including our findings in ZSF rat and other animal models will be discussed in this review.
Abstract 3724: A One-Step Statin Titration Process Moves Large Numbers of Patients to LDL-C Goal

Introduction. Although compelling evidence supports the concept that people at high CVD risk should have LDL-C 99 even though on statin treatment. This has been attributed to inadequate or absent medication titration. This project’s purpose is to lower LDL-C in a large population of high risk people by a centralized pharmacy-mediated medication efficacy increase process that involves minimal physician time. Methods. Diabetes or CVD patients on a statin and with an LDL > 99 were selected (N > 3000). Because by design there was minimal physician or pharmacist contact with patients, for safety extensive exclusion criteria were applied. Prescribing physicians were asked via a web-based “eApproval” message to approve or disapprove each patient’s inclusion in the project. Pharmacists increased approved patients’ statin efficacy via a titration algorithm designed to lower LDL-C to Results. Most (88%) panel-carrying physicians responded to the eApproval request, approving 92% of their patients. In 6 days, 2 pharmacists increased the medication efficacy for 787 patients. At an average of 52 days (range 1–153) after titration, 75% of patients had filled their new prescription and 62% of those had done a subsequent LDL-C test. LDL-C was reduced by 27 from a baseline mean of 118 to a post-titration mean of 91 mg/dL, a 23% reduction. LDL-C Conclusions: A large number of high risk patients are on inadequate statin therapy. A sizeable percentage of this population can be brought to LDL-C goal by a 1-step, pharmacy-mediated intervention that requires minimal physician involvement. The medication titration algorithm is effective in reducing LDL-C the expected amount. Widespread implementation of this process would be expected to prevent a substantial amount of CVD morbidity and mortality.
Evaluating acutely injured patients for internal derangement of the knee

Although historical findings have some value in diagnosing internal derangement of the knee, a thorough physical examination can often rule out fracture and ligamentous and meniscal injuries. The Ottawa Knee Rule can help physicians determine which patients require radiography. Positive physical examination tests and findings of acute effusion suggest internal derangement. An abnormal McMurray or Thessaly test strongly suggests meniscal injury, whereas a normal Thessaly test may rule out meniscal injury. Absence of evidence of joint effusion significantly decreases the probability of internal derangement. Magnetic resonance imaging should be reserved for ruling out internal derangement in patients with suggestive historical and physical examination findings.
Earth in Reverse Gear

The 1972 Stockholm conference on the Human Environment acknowledged the negative effects of rapid industrialization post World War II. Subsequently, the effect of mining and burning of fossil fuels, manufacture and release of toxic chemicals and pollutants into air and water, destruction of forests, soil erosion, etc., was unambiguously brought on record by the Brundtland Commission in 1987 with a clear warning for humanity to either change its development strategy or be prepared to face the consequences in near future. Unfortunately, the situation has further worsened due to unchecked population growth, consumption pattern, use of fossil fuels and release of greenhouse gases, deforestation and pollution. There are incontrovertible evidences that temperatures today are more than 0.8 ℃ above pre-industrial levels and the sea level has been rising @3 mm per year. The world is currently witnessing frequent and severe natural disasters including droughts, floods, cyclones, fires and mudslides. Scientists have warned that in the event of temperature rising to 5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels, 50% of animal and plant species will become extinct, 30% of coastal wetlands would be inundated, terrestrial ecosystems will shift from ‘carbon sink’ to being ‘carbon source’, many small island states will suffer from storm surges, and nearly three billion people will be under severe water stress.
Insurance Mandates: Do They Hurt Those They're Designed to Help?

Seeking to redress health disparities across income and race, many policymakers mandate health insurance benefits, presuming that equalized benefits will help equalize consumption of beneficial health services. This article tests that presumption by measuring healthcare consumption by a diverse population with comprehensive health insurance. Focusing on consumption of mental health and pharmaceuticals, two health services that are commonly subject to intense legislative activity, it finds that even when insurance benefits and access are constant, whites and high-income individuals consume more mental health services and more pharmaceuticals. These results suggest that privileged classes extract more healthcare services even when all individuals pay equal premiums for equal insurance coverage.
Orbital Infections and Inflammations

Orbital inflammatory disease encompasses a large collection of entities which can be grouped into infectious and noninfectious inflammations. Infectious causes can be bacterial, fungal, or viral. Noninfectious causes may be autoimmune, vasculitic, granulomatous, inflammatory, drug-related, and idiopathic. Orbital inflammation can be vision and life-threatening and is often intimidating and challenging to the clinician. The paragraphs below divide orbital inflammation into infectious and noninfectious categories and provide the clinician with a framework for accurate diagnostic work-up and management.
Patients need to remain in treatment for PTSD to receive the full benefit.

Abstract Despite strong evidence to support trauma-focused treatment as the gold standard in treating PTSD, many studies report elevated drop-out rates. The study by Holmes et al. (2019) examines temporal patterns of treatment non-completion and reported individuals who improved at a greater rate attended all sessions. This commentary discusses some of the factors that contribute to premature termination, including treatment modality (e.g., exposure-based), barriers to care, treatment format, motivation, treatment resistance, and lack of multimodal assessments. Future investigations comparing individual differences in response to treatment would allow for the examination of characteristics that facilitate or impede treatment response.
Electroconvection of thin liquid crystals: Model reduction and numerical simulations

Abstract We propose a finite element method for the numerical simulation of electroconvection of thin liquid crystals. The liquid is located in between two concentric circular electrodes which are either assumed to be of infinite height or slim. Each configuration results in a different nonlocal electro-magnetic model defined on a two dimensional bounded domain. The numerical method consists in approximating the surface charge density, the liquid velocity and pressure, and the electric potential in the two dimensional liquid region. Finite elements for the space discretization coupled with standard time stepping methods are put forward. Unlike for the infinite electrodes configuration, our numerical simulations indicate that slim electrodes are favorable for electroconvection to occur and are able to sustain the phenomena over long period of time. Furthermore, we provide a numerical study on the influence of the three main parameters of the system: the Rayleigh number, the Prandtl number and the electrodes aspect ratio.
Scleraxis-Lineage Cell Depletion Improves Tendon Healing

Abstract Despite the requirement for Scleraxis-lineage (ScxLin) cells during tendon development, the function of ScxLin cells during adult tendon repair, post-natal growth, and adult homeostasis have not been defined. Therefore, we crossed Scx-Cre and Diphtheria Toxin Receptor (DTR) mouse models to inducibly deplete ScxLin cells prior to acute flexor tendon injury and repair (ScxLinDTR) and hypothesized that ScxLinDTR mice would exhibit worse healing than wildtype littermates. Surprisingly, depletion of ScxLin cells resulted in increased biomechanical properties without detriments to tendon gliding function at 28 days post-repair, indicative of regeneration. These improvements in biomechanical properties correspond to increased αSMA+ myofibroblasts in ScxLinDTR repairs, indicating that increased myofibroblast-mediated matrix remodeling may be responsible for accelerated recovery of tensile strength. Furthermore, we have defined the relative timing of ScxLin cell localization relative to collagen deposition in bridging tissue of the repair and demonstrated a predominance of non-ScxLin cells in the early bridging tissue, consistent with lack of bridging tissue disruption in ScxLinDTR repairs. Lastly, we utilized ScxLinDTR mice to assess effects of tendon cell depletion on post-natal tendon growth and adult tendon homeostasis. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of tendon cell localization, function, and fate during healing, growth, and homeostasis.
The Product and Quotient Rules Revisited.

Mathematical elegance is illustrated by strikingly parallel versions of the product and quotient rules of basic calculus, with some applications. Corresponding rules for second derivatives are give...
Self-Injurious Behavior, Rituals, and Stereotypies

Individuals diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID) are at increased risk for the development of challenging behaviors. Common forms of challenging behaviors presented by individuals with ID include self-injurious behavior (SIB), rituals, and stereotypies. The prevalence of challenging behaviors often increases throughout childhood and adolescence. Further, challenging behaviors can result in detrimental consequences. Therefore, prevention and effective treatment for challenging behaviors is essential for improving the lives of individuals with ID.
Different Strokes for Different Folks: A Configurational Analysis of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

We conceptualize regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) as heterogeneous configurations of interdependent actors, resources, and capabilities with the potential to encourage various types of entr...
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell signaling in the niche

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for lifelong maintenance of hematopoiesis through self-renewal and differentiation into mature blood cell lineages. Traditional models hold that HSPCs guard homeostatic function and adapt to regenerative demand by integrating cell-autonomous, intrinsic programs with extrinsic cues from the niche. Despite the biologic significance, little is known about the active roles HSPCs partake in reciprocally shaping the function of their microenvironment. Here, we review evidence of signals emerging from HSPCs through secreted autocrine or paracrine factors, including extracellular vesicles, and via direct contact within the niche. We also discuss the functional impact of direct cellular interactions between hematopoietic elements on niche occupancy in the context of leukemic infiltration. The aggregate data support a model whereby HSPCs are active participants in the dynamic adaptation of the stem cell niche unit during development and homeostasis, and under inflammatory stress, malignancy, or transplantation.
The Replacements: The Effect of Incarcerating Drug Offenders on First-Time Drug Sales Offending:

It is proffered that incarcerating offenders will not attenuate criminal activity because new offenders are readily available to supplant those who are imprisoned. This situation, referred to as of...
A behavioral addiction model of revenge, violence, and gun abuse

Data from multiple sources point to the desire for revenge in response to grievances or perceived injustices as a root cause of violence, including firearm violence. Neuroscience and behavioral studies are beginning to reveal that the desire for revenge in response to grievances activates the same neural reward-processing circuitry as that of substance addiction, suggesting that grievances trigger powerful cravings for revenge in anticipation of experiencing pleasure. Based on this evidence, the authors argue that a behavioral addiction framework may be appropriate for understanding and addressing violent behavior. Such an approach could yield significant benefits by leveraging scientific and public health-oriented drug abuse prevention and treatment strategies that target drug cravings to spur development of scientific and public-health-oriented "gun abuse" prevention and treatment strategies targeting the revenge cravings that lead to violence. An example of one such "motive control" strategy is discussed. Approaching revenge-seeking, violence, and gun abuse from the perspective of compulsion and addiction would have the added benefit of avoiding the stigmatization as violent of individuals with mental illness while also acknowledging the systemic, social, and cultural factors contributing to grievances that lead to violent acts.
Responding to the Pandemic: A Case Study

This article describes how Connecticut, despite catching a fiscal break from the pandemic, has failed to seize the opportunity to enact meaningful reform targeted at its $90 billion debt. The article begins by explaining why Connecticut fared well during the pandemic. Many wealthy taxpayers moved into Connecticut from New York City. The increase in their stock-market driven income taxes, as well the sales tax boost from secondary and tertiary purchases by homebuyers, has eliminated Connecticut’s short-term budget deficit. The State is sitting on a $3 billion rainy-day fund. Next, the article examines several tensions between the democratic governor, Ned Lamont, and the democratic-controlled Legislature. First, while some want to use the $3 billion fund for pandemic tax relief, Lamont wants to save it in case things become worse down the road. Second, there is the question of whether the Legislature will play a role in controlling the federal stimulus aid to Connecticut. Finally, though there are calls to increase taxes on the wealthy, Lamont has continued to signal a reluctance to do so. The article then analyzes Connecticut policies which, in the shadow of massive debt, mostly fail to provide meaningful solutions. Lamont recently signed the state’s seventh tax amnesty program since 1990. It is uncertain whether taxpayers will take the amnesty program seriously. One threat is that the state claims to be positioned for more efficient auditing in the future, which might encourage taxpayers to use the amnesty. Lamont also seeks to expand and tax gambling in the state through negotiations with the Mashantucket Pequots and Mohegan tribal nations. Connecticut has also provided significant tax incentives to data centers, which Pomp argues is a waste of money: 11 data centers established themselves in the state before any such incentives were offered. After failing to convince the Legislature to support a toll road plan, Lamont now plans to extract a highway usage fee on large trucks passing through the state. This, however, seems problematic under the Commerce Clause. Connecticut has also passed a bill that purports to protect taxpayers from double taxation now that states like Massachusetts have expanded their nexus requirements in response to the increase in nonresident remote workers. But the bill does not appear to have any significance by adopting a credit when one already exists as a practical matter. Lastly, Connecticut’s tax on digital advertising is based on a Maryland law which is likely to be struck down.
The Limit Profile of Star Transpositions

We prove that the limit profile of star transpositions at time $t= n \log n +cn$ is equal to $d_{\text{T.V.}}(\text{Poiss}(1+e^{-c}), \text{Poiss}(1))$. We prove this by developing a technique for comparing the limit profile behavior of two reversible Markov chains on the same space, that share the same stationary distribution and eigenbasis. We then compare the limit profile of star transpositions to the limit profile of random transpositions, as studied in \cite{Teyssier}, and prove that they have the same limit profile at the respective cutoff times.
MicroRNA and Cancer Drug Resistance

The last decade witnessed exponential growth in our understanding of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer. In addition to a clearly defined role in cancer initiation and progression, miRNAs are now believed to determine sensitivity to therapy. The post-genomic era has seen rapid growth in our understanding of drug resistance mechanisms at the genomic level including genomic aberrations involving miRNA clusters and in the development of targeted therapies. Aberrant activity of a single miRNA can influence multiple signaling pathways associated with therapeutic response because it can target multiple proteins. Although it is difficult to pinpoint a single downstream effector of a miRNA, studies focusing on known oncogenes and tumor suppressors targeted by miRNA as well as advanced bioinformatics capabilities have enabled the discovery of integrated mRNA–miRNA–protein circuitry in cancer cells that govern multiple aspects of cancer including drug sensitivity. These studies have provided evidence for specific miRNAs targeting signaling molecules involved in drug transport, drug metabolism, synthesis of ligands for receptors, drug-induced DNA damage response and apoptotic pathways, and growth factor receptors/kinases/phosphatases that form the backbone of targeted therapies. Extensive knowledge of miRNA expression pattern and targets has allowed clinical translation of miRNAs as prognostic and predictive markers of therapies. miRNAs expressed in cancer cells govern signaling not only in cancer cells but also in neighboring cells and distant organs because they are incorporated into secretory microvesicles, remain stable in body fluids, and cross plasma membrane or cell–cell junctions. These properties of miRNAs have generated considerable interest in developing means to restore “normal miRNA patterns” in cancer through therapeutic approaches. Indeed, miRNA-based therapies are already in phase II clinical trial for hepatitis C infection, confirming feasibility of this approach. Therefore, miRNA or miRNA antagomir-based therapies are likely the next-revolutionary therapeutic approach to combat cancer.
Tricuspid Atresia: Value of Contrast Echocardiography in 30 Patients

The echocardiographic recognition of tricuspid atresia has been based on the findings of (1) absent tricuspid valve echo, (2) a small anterior right ventricular chamber, (3) single posteriorly located atrioventricular (mitral) valve with large diastolic excursion, and (4) mitral-semilunar valve continuity. Although contrast echocardiography has been described as useful in the recognition of characteristic flow patterns in patients with tricuspid atresia, an evaluation of this technique in a large number of patients has not been made. The purpose of this report is to present in detail an assessment of contrast echocardiography in 30 patients with tricuspid atresia.
Raman-effect induced noise-figure limit for /spl chi//sup (3)/ parametric amplifiers and wavelength converters

The non-zero response time of the Kerr nonlinearity sets a fundamental limit on the noise figure of phase-insensitive fiber parametric amplifiers and wavelength converters. Our theory shows good agreement with experiments.
Calcium stimulates ATP-Mg/Pi carrier activity in rat liver mitochondria

Adenine nucleotide transport over the carboxyatractyloside-insensitive ATP-Mg/Pi carrier was assayed in isolated rat liver mitochondria with the aim of investigating a possible regulatory role for Ca2+ on carrier activity. Net changes in the matrix adenine nucleotide content (ATP + ADP + AMP) occur when ATP-Mg exchanges for Pi over this carrier. The rates of net accumulation and net loss of adenine nucleotides were inhibited when free Ca2+ was chelated with EGTA and stimulated when buffered [Ca2+]free was increased from 1.0 to 4.0 microM. The unidirectional components of net change were similarly dependent on Ca2+; ATP influx and efflux were inhibited by EGTA in a concentration-dependent manner and stimulated by buffered free Ca2+ in the range 0.6-2.0 microM. For ATP influx, increasing the medium [Ca2+]free from 1.0 to 2.0 microM lowered the apparent Km for ATP from 4.44 to 2.44 mM with no effect on the apparent Vmax (3.55 and 3.76 nmol/min/mg with 1.0 and 2.0 microM [Ca2+]free, respectively). Stimulation of influx and efflux by [Ca2+]free was unaffected by either ruthenium red or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Calmodulin antagonists inhibited transport activity. In isolated hepatocytes, glucagon or vasopressin promoted an increased mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content. The effect of both hormones was blocked by EGTA, and for vasopressin, the effect was blocked also by neomycin. The results suggest that the increase in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content that follows hormonal stimulation of hepatocytes is mediated by an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+]free that activates the ATP-Mg/Pi carrier.
Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Systems: Selected Papers by Lotfi A Zadeh

From the Publisher: This book consists of papers written by the founder of fuzzy set theory, Lotfi A. Zadeh. Since Zadeh is not only the founder of this field but has also been the principal contributor to its development over the last 30 years, the papers contain virtually all the major ideas in fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy systems in their historical context.
Energetic radiation belt electron precipitation showing ULF modulation

[1] The energization and loss processes for energetic radiation belt electrons are not yet well understood. Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves have been correlated with both enhancement in outer zone radiation belt electron flux and modulation of precipitation loss to the atmosphere. This study considers the effects of ULF waves in the Pc-4 to Pc-5 period range (45 s–600 s) on electron loss to the atmosphere on a time scale of several minutes. Global simulations using magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model fields as drivers provide a valuable tool for studying the dynamics of these ∼MeV energetic particles. ACE satellite measurements of the MHD solar wind parameters are used as the upstream boundary condition for the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) 3D MHD code calculation of fields, used to drive electrons in a 3D test particle simulation that keeps track of attributes like energy, pitch-angle and L-shell. The simulation results are compared with balloon observations obtained during the January 21, 2005 CME-shock event. Rapid loss of 20 keV to 1.5 MeV electrons was detected by balloon-borne measurements ofbremsstrahlungX-rays during the MINIS campaign following the shock arrival at Earth. The global precipitation response of the radiation belts to this CME-shock driven storm was investigated focusing on their interaction with ULF waves. A primary cause for the precipitation modulation seen in both the simulation and the MINIS campaign is suggested based on the lowering of mirror points due to compressional magnetic field oscillations.
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase

Keywords: mitochondria; manganese; superoxide dismutase; SOD; metal; five-coordinate; redox potential; four-helix bundle; metal specificity; expression; polymorphism; nitric oxide; peroxynitrite; ping-pong mechanism
Leveraging collaborative content exchange for on-demand VM multi-deployments in iaas clouds

A critical feature of IaaS cloud computing is the ability to deploy, boot and terminate large groups of inter-dependent VMs very quickly, which enables users to efficiently exploit the on-demand nature and elasticity of clouds even for large-scale deployments. A common pattern in this context is multi-deployment, i.e., using the same VM image template to instantiate a large number of VMs in parallel. A difficult trade-off arises in this context: access the content of the template on-demand but slowly due to I/O bottlenecks or pre-broadcast the full contents of the template on the local storage of the hosting nodes to avoid such bottlenecks. Unlike previous approaches that are biased towards either of the extremes, we propose a scheme that augments on-demand access through a collaborative scheme in which the VMs aim to leverage the similarity of access pattern in order to anticipate future accesses and exchange chunks between themselves in an attempt to reduce contention to the remote storage where the VM image template is stored. Large scale experiments show improvements in read throughput between 30%-40% compared to on-demand access schemes that perform in isolation.
Organizing and managing the CIM/FMS firm for maximum competitive advantage

This paper develops an organizational learning–based perspective to examine the impact of CIM and FMS technologies on business strategy and organizational structure. Firms seeking to build competitive advantage through advances in information and manufacturing technologies need to engage in double–loop, generative learning in which experimentation, risk–taking and the formation of new skills become the basis for designing strategy and structure. Multifunctional teams, horizontal work flows, and redefined performance criteria are among some of the important changes required to instil double–loop, generative learning and to implement CIM and FIMS technology effectively.
Common Disorders of Female Genitalia From Birth to Older Years: Implications for Nursing Intervention

The author discusses common disorders of the female genitalia for three age groups: 1) Babies and young girls, 2) adolescent and adult women, and 3) older women. Principles for prevention and nursing intervention are offered.