cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A bootstrap testing procedure for investigating the number of subpopulations

Determining the number of subpopulations from sample data is a major problem in cluster analysis. We assume in this study that the subpopulations correspond to modes of the population density function f. We then propose using test statistics based on the kth nearest neighbor clustering method to investigate the modality of f. A modified bootstrap procedure for estimating the sample significance levels of these statistics in the univariate case is described. The performance of this procedure in determining the number of subpopulations will be illustrated by generated and real data sets.
Readdressing the Need for Consensus in Preclinical Education

ABSTRACTPurpose: Clinical skills are often taught in preclinical courses such as “Introduction to Clinical Medicine” (ICM). We sought to define current national course objectives, roles of standardized and real patients, and methods of assessment in ICM courses, and to readdress the need and desire for establishing consensus. Methods: In April 2005, the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine (CDIM) organization conducted its annual, voluntary, and confidential survey. The survey contained a section (24 questions) on preclinical education teaching methods and evaluations. Results: Wide variations exist in the teaching and assessment methods used by ICM courses in 4-year medical schools. Respondents indicated a desire for a consensus statement concerning ICM course objectives in addition to guidance on case development, use of standardized patients, and student assessments. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that consensus remains elusive for preclinical education teaching objectives, but would be embraced ...
The histochemistry of Stellantchasmus falcatus Onji and Nishio, 1915 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercarial cyst in the mullet Mugil cephalus L. and histopathological alterations in the host†

The metacercarial cyst of the heterophyid trematode Stellantchasmus falcatus in the striated muscles of the mullet Mugil cephalus consists of three layers. Histochemical studies have indicated that these layers are chemically distinct. The acellular inner layer is comprised of complex carbohydrate polyanions rich in acidic groups while the medial cellular layer is comprised of a neutral mucopolysaccharide including a moeity of carbohydrate poiyanions. These two layers are believed to be of parasite origin. The outer layer is cellular and is of host origin. It is the most chemically complex and is believed to include one or more of the following: mucopolysaccharides, glycolipids and phospholipids. In addition, the carbohydrate moeity associated with the mucopolysaccharides and/or glycolipids is in the form of sulphated carbohydrate polyanions with undissociated carboxyls as well as acidic groups. The presence of the parasite results in the necrotic degeneration of the host's myofibers situated in the proximity of the parasite. Large fat cells fill the spaces vacated by necrotic muscle cells and many blood cells occur along the periphery of the parasite.
Effects of salts on the solid-matrix luminescence of phenylphenol isomers adsorbed on filter-paper

Abstract The effects of NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI on te solid-matrix room-temperature fluorescence (RTF) and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of phenylphenol isomers adsorbed on filter-paper were investigated. The RTF signals of the three phenylphenols showed a decrease in intensity with increase in the molecular weight of the salt. However, owing to the heavy-atom effect, the RTP signals increased substantially with increasing molecular weight of the salt. Several quenching models were examined for the RTF data. In general, a modified Perrin model was found to represent the data very effectively because it considered the unquenched fluorescence and other aspects related to fluorescence quenching.
Nanoparticle removal from EUV photomasks using laser induced plasma shockwaves

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that nanoparticles can be detached and removed from substrates using laser-induced plasma (LIP) shockwaves. While it was experimentally established the effectiveness of the LIP technique for removing nanoparticles in the sub-100nm range, the removal mechanisms were not well-understood. In this article, we introduce a set of particle removal mechanisms based on moment resistance of the particle-substrate bond and discuss their effectiveness and applicability in laser-induced plasma shock nanoparticle removal. The mechanical interactions between nanoparticles and shockwaves are studied by utilizing molecular dynamic simulation approach. The forces and moments acting on nanoparticles are calculated and are related to the detachment mechanisms. It is demonstrated that sub-100nm particles can be detached from various substrates. Experiments and simulations are performed to study the effect of LIP on optical and EUVL/LTEM substrates in terms of substrate damage. Initial experiments and simulations reveal the window of safe operation of LIP and the mechanisms responsible for material alterations if any at close distances of operation of LIP above the substrate.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of the vulva

Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva is rare and was initially thought to be nonmetastasizing; however, there are four reports in the literature of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. We present the case report of a fifth patient with well-documented metastasizing basal cell carcinoma of the vulva with a brief discussion on clinical presentation, treatment, and positive response to preoperative radiation which could make radical surgery unnecessary.
Experimental study of deep bed filtration: A stochastic treatment

A stochastic pure birth process, which describes pore blockage in a filtration process, has been coupled with the Carman-Kozeny equation to simulate the pressure buildup in deep bed filtration. It has been shown that the resultant one parameter model equation fits adequately the experimental data obtained under the straining dominated condition, and that available data obtained under the adhesion dominated condition can also be described by the model.
Test results of RD3c, a Nb/sub 3/Sn common-coil racetrack dipole magnet

The superconducting magnet group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been developing racetrack coil technology for economical, high-field accelerator magnets from brittle superconductor. Recent tests have demonstrated 1) robust, reusable, double-layer, flat racetrack, wind and react Nb/sub 3/Sn coils, 2) a reusable, easily assembled coil-support structure that can minimize conductor movement and 3) nearly 15 T dipole fields, without conductor degradation. RD3c was our first attempt to compare measured and calculated field harmonics. A single-layer, Nb/sub 3/Sn, flat racetrack inner-coil was wound on both sides of a bore-plate and reacted and encapsulated (as before in RD3b). Hard coil-spacers were wound into the inner coils to adjust the geometric field harmonics and identify any problems from hard-spacers. The resulting insert coil-module was sandwiched between existing outer-coil modules, and pre-stressed within the previous yoke and shell structure. The bore-plate was thick enough to protect the rotating coil and its anti-cryostat from this pre-stress. Magnet training started at 77% of the un-degraded short-sample current, and progressed in 15 quenches to 92%, high enough to make realistic, saturated iron magnetic measurements. Although there was considerable training, the multipole dependencies correlated well with calculations. A sub-set of the tests are reported and discussed.
Using Data Mining to Enhance Automated Planning and Scheduling

Automated planning is a combinatorial problem that is important to many NASA endeavors, including ground operations and control applications for unmanned and manned space flight. There is significant value to integrating planning and data mining to create better planners. We describe current work in this area, covering uses of data mining to speed up planners, improve the quality of plans returned by planners, and learn domain models for automated planners. The central contribution of this paper is a snap shot of the state of the art in integrating these technologies and a summary of challenges and open research issues
Galois representations arising from some compact Shimura varieties

Our aim is to establish some new cases of the global Langlands correspondence for GLm. Along the way we obtain a new result on the description of the cohomology of some compact Shimura varieties. Let F be a CM eld with complex conjugation c and
Electronic structure and dynamics of quasi-2D states of vanadyl naphthalocyanine on Au(111) †

We investigate the evolution of the interfacial electronic structure and dynamics of thin films of the organic semiconductor vanadyl naphthalocyanine on Au(111). Using angle-resolved two-photon photoemission, a comprehensive coverage- and excitation-energy-dependent characterisation of the electronic structure and the resulting dynamics of short-lived image potential resonances (IPRs) on Au(111) are presented. The study of these quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) bands is enabled by molecular adsorption and reveals a significant lengthening of their lifetimes. The resonances remain, however, significantly coupled to the continuum of bulk bands of Au(111) even in the presence of the organic adsorbate, giving rise to Fano-like quantum interference and ‘intensity switching’ effects. Coupling to the continuum is also responsible for providing excitation pathways to the image potential manifold above and below optical resonance with the Shockley surface state. The organic semiconductor interface and quasi-2D ban...
eScreening: Developing an Electronic Screening Tool for Rural Primary Care

The Rural Health Care Research Center at the University of Virginia, School of Nursing, conducted a pilot study to develop a computer-based electronic screening tool that screens for alcohol abuse and depression among rural patients in a primary care setting. The eScreening tool provides a graphical user interface with audio outputs for users who may be functionally or computer illiterate. The interface is a Macromedia Flash movie shown on a web site. A database automatically and anonymously records the screening data. Two phases of user-testing for a prototype of the eScreening tool were conducted in June and July 2005. Future work on the eScreening tool entails expanding administrative controls, including screenings for other disorders, and providing a Spanish version.
Die biologische Synthese von Desoxy‐ribonucleinsäure (DNS)

Die enzymatische Reduplikation von Desoxy-ribonucleinsaure (DNS) und die Eigenschaften eines aus Escherichia coli gewonnenen, DNS-synthetisierenden Enzyms werden beschrieben. Das Enzym katalysiert die Bildung neuer DNS-Ketten, deren Zusammensetzung durch eine DNS-Matrize bestimmt wird. Dies geschieht, indem sich zwischen den Basen der Matrize und den komplementaren Basen der als Substrate dienenden Nucleosid-triphosphate Wasserstoff-Brucken bilden. Komplementare Basen-Paare sind Adenin und Thymin sowie Guanin und Cytosin. Folgende Befunde bilden die experimentelle Grundlage dieser Vorstellungen: 1. Eine ein-strangige Matrize fuhrt zur Bildung zwei-strangiger DNS. — 2. Nucleotide, die Analoga der naturlichen Purin- und Pyrimidin-Basen enthalten, konnen nur ganz bestimmte, naturliche Nucleotide ersetzen. — 3. Die chemische Zusammensetzung wird redupliziert. — 4. Die Dinucleotid-Sequenzen werden redupliziert, und es entstehen zwei DNS-Strange mit entgegengesetzter Basen-Sequenz. — 5. Die DNS-Synthese gelingt nur, wenn die Triphosphate aller vier Desoxy-nucleoside (Thymidin, Desoxy-adenosin, -guanosin und -cytidin) sowie etwas DNS anwesend sind.
Synthesis and characterization of π-conjugated peptide-based supramolecular materials

We describe the synthesis, characterization, and fabrication of bioelectronic mate- rials derived from small oligopeptides containing π-conjugated subunits directly embedded into peptide backbones. The rapid incorporation of π-conjugated subunits directly into pep- tide backbones was accomplished through an on-resin dimerization procedure recently explored in our research. We investigated these peptides' abilities to self-assemble in aque- ous environments into 1D nanostructures with intimate π-π interactions. Finally, we discuss a simple processing method to develop aligned networks of 1D π-conjugated peptide nano - structures where the resulting electronic and photophysical properties are altered as a direct impact of the aligned π-conjugated network.
Integration of QUARK and I‐TASSER for Ab Initio Protein Structure Prediction in CASP11

We tested two pipelines developed for template-free protein structure prediction in the CASP11 experiment. First, the QUARK pipeline constructs structure models by reassembling fragments of continuously distributed lengths excised from unrelated proteins. Five free-modeling (FM) targets have the model successfully constructed by QUARK with a TM-score above 0.4, including the first model of T0837-D1, which has a TM-score = 0.736 and RMSD = 2.9 A to the native. Detailed analysis showed that the success is partly attributed to the high-resolution contact map prediction derived from fragment-based distance-profiles, which are mainly located between regular secondary structure elements and loops/turns and help guide the orientation of secondary structure assembly. In the Zhang-Server pipeline, weakly scoring threading templates are re-ordered by the structural similarity to the ab initio folding models, which are then reassembled by I-TASSER based structure assembly simulations; 60% more domains with length up to 204 residues, compared to the QUARK pipeline, were successfully modeled by the I-TASSER pipeline with a TM-score above 0.4. The robustness of the I-TASSER pipeline can stem from the composite fragment-assembly simulations that combine structures from both ab initio folding and threading template refinements. Despite the promising cases, challenges still exist in long-range beta-strand folding, domain parsing, and the uncertainty of secondary structure prediction; the latter of which was found to affect nearly all aspects of FM structure predictions, from fragment identification, target classification, structure assembly, to final model selection. Significant efforts are needed to solve these problems before real progress on FM could be made. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):76-86. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coping by Colluding: Political Uncertainty and Promiscuous Powersharing in Indonesia and Bolivia

Democracy forces political elites to compete for power in elections, but it also often presses them to share power after the electoral dust has settled. At times these powersharing arrangements prove so encompassing as to make a mockery of putative partisan differences, and even to wipe out political opposition entirely by bringing every significant party into a “party cartel.” Such promiscuous powersharing arrangements undermine representation by loosening parties’ commitments to their core constituents, and threaten accountability by limiting voters’ capacity to remove parties from power via the ballot box. In the otherwise deeply disparate cases of Indonesia and Bolivia, the origins of promiscuous powersharing can be traced to similar periods of high political uncertainty surrounding crisis-wracked transitions to democracy. Party elites coped with the uncertainties of transition and crisis by sharing executive power across the country’s most salient political cleavages. These arrangements forged an eli...
Polyimides containing nonaromatic nitrogen linkages

Two diamines, 2,5-bis (4-aminophenyl)-2,5-diazahexane and 1,4-bis (4-aminophenyl)-1,4-diazacyclohexane were chosen as components for polyimidizations because they have melting points that differ by nearly 200°C (66–67 and 229–230°C, respectively) and are relatives of p-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline. The melting points of the model compounds (phthalic anhydride) do not differ by as much as those of the free amines [303–304 and 386°C (DSC), respectively]. Six polyimides were prepared by a two-step polycondensation of the diamines with pyromellitic dianhydride, benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 5,5'-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethylidene] bis-1,3-isobenzofurandione. DSC thermograms failed to indicate any distinct transitions up to 450°C, however, the polyimide prepared from 2,5-bis (4-aminophenyl)-2,5-diazahexane and pyromellitic dianhydride shows a slight break in its DSC curve at 233°C.
Metastable nanostructured metallized fluoropolymer composites for energetics

Fluoropolymers have long served as potent oxidizers for metal-based pyrolant designs for the preparation of energetic materials. Commercial perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), specifically known as Fomblins®, are well-known to undergo accelerated thermal degradation in the presence of native metals and Lewis acids producing energetically favorable metal fluoride species. This study employs the use of PFPEs to coat nano-aluminum (n-Al) and under optimized stoichiometric formulations, harness optimized energy output. The PFPEs serve as ideal oxidizers of n-Al because they are non-volatile, viscous liquids that coat the particles thereby maximizing surface interactions. The n-Al/PFPE blended combination is required to interface with an epoxy-based matrix in order to engineer a moldable/machinable, structurally viable epoxy composite without compromising bulk thermal/mechanical properties. Computational modeling/simulation supported by thermal experimental studies showed that the n-Al/PFPE blended epoxy composites produced an energetic material that undergoes latent thermal metal-mediated oxidation. Details of the work include the operationally simple, scalable synthetic preparation, thermal properties from DSC/TGA, and SEM/TEM of these energetic metallized nanocomposite systems. Post-burn analysis using powder XRD of this pyrolant system confirms the presence of the predominating exothermic metal-mediated oxidized AlF3 species in addition to the production of Al2O3 and Al4C3 during the deflagration reaction. Details of this first epoxy-based energetic nanocomposite entrained with a thermally reactive formulation of PFPE coated n-Al particles are presented herein.
Irradiation of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene

An ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene material covering a range of crystallinity from 42 to 79% increased in calorimetric crystallinity as a result of chain scission following ionizing irradiation. Carbonyl was formed by a diffusion-limited reaction of oxygen with long-lived free radicals. Trans-vinylene production was linear with radiation dose and was highest for the sample of highest crystallinity but was not sensitive to environment.
Silver nanoparticle-specific mitotoxicity in Daphnia magna.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are gaining popularity as bactericidal agents in commercial products; however, the mechanisms of toxicity (MOT) of Ag NPs to other organisms are not fully understood. ...
ADAPTIVE MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR SINGLE INPUT-SINGLE OUTPUT BILINEAR SYSTEMS WITH STABLE INVERSES

An adaptive control system for bilinear processes with stable inverses and without time delay is developed from a bilinear model predictive control algorithm and a projection identification algorithm. If the disturbance is bounded, the control error is bounded and the identification converges. If the disturbance is constant, the control error often converges to zero.
The Difference Catholic Makes: Catholic Faculty and Catholic Identity

This study examines, for the case of Catholics, the thesis that a “critical mass” of devoted faculty members—50 percent or more, according to the papal document Ex Corde Ecclesia—serves to promote or preserve the religious character of religiously affiliated institutions of higher education. Factor analysis and structural equations are employed to analyze a random sample of faculty members (n = 1,290) and institutional profiles (n = 100) of American Catholic colleges and universities. Catholic faculty show higher support for Catholic identity in latent structures of aspiration for improved Catholic distinctiveness, a desire for more theology or philosophy courses, and longer institutional tenure. Institutions having a majority of Catholic faculty exhibit four properties consistent with stronger Catholic identity: a policy of preferential hiring for Catholics (“hiring for mission”), a higher proportion of Catholic students, higher faculty aspiration for Catholic identity, and longer faculty tenure in the institution. These latter two characteristics are not due simply to aggregation, but are stronger, on average, for Catholic faculty when they are in the majority. Preferential hiring marks Catholic identity, but is ineffective to increase the proportion of Catholic faculty. I conclude that the prediction of the critical mass thesis is correct.
The Dimethyl Ether−OCS Dimer: Rotational Spectrum, Structure, and Ab Initio Calculations

The rotational spectra of the normal species and four isotopically substituted species of the dimethyl ether−OCS dimer have been measured by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, thereby allowing a structural determination of this weak complex. The normal isotopic species rotational constants are A = 4069.4106(23) MHz, B = 1431.7413(7) MHz, and C = 1074.2925(5) MHz, and the experimental dipole moment components are μa = 1.3046(28) D, μb = 0.8134(37) D, with μtotal = 1.5374(30) D. Rotational constants, dipole moment components, and planar moments are all consistent with a geometry in which the OCS molecule is located in the heavy-atom plane of dimethyl ether, making an O···CS angle of 96.5(2)°, and with an O···C separation of 2.916(3) A. Ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level reproduce the structure accurately, predicting rotational constants of A = 4065 MHz, B = 1450 MHz, and C = 1083 MHz.
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF AN ACADEMIC CLIMATE FOR CARING '

There is substantial evidence that caring is an important characteristic of effective teachers. Looking at students' descriptions of their most influential teachers in high school, Johnson and Prom-Jackson (1986) found that it was the teachers' interpersonal slulls, affective characteristics, and temperament that the students considered influential, more often than the teachers' cognitive abilities or standards for their students. There is some evidence that at the university, teachers' "warmth" will only influence academic achievement in those students with a high need for affhation (McKeachie, Lin, Mdholland, & Isaacson, 1966). Although the relationship between a teacher's warmth and the student's achievement may be equivocal, there are addtional benefits to affiliation cues in the classroom setting. For example, Fryrnier and Thompson (1992) found a significant positive relationship between professors' affinity-seeking strategies and undergraduate students' perceptions of these professors. The authors stated that teachers who use student-oriented affinity-seekmg strategies which indicate teachers' interest in students are more Uely to be perceived as credible. Hearn (1985) discussed the determinants of undergraduate students' evaluations of their programs, saying that satisfaction with their programs appears to be more of a "cause" than an "effect" of students' academic performance. It thus seems important to study the factors that lead to students' satisfaction with their academic programs, one of these factors being a caring environment. The purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate students' perceptions of those behaviors of faculty and students that convey a caring attitude.
The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did

The isolation effect is a well-known memory phenomenon whose discovery is frequently attributed to von Restorff (1933). If all but one item of a list are similar on some dimension, memory for the different item will be enhanced. Modern theory of the isolation effect emphasizes perceptual salience and accompanying differential attention to the isolated item as necessary for enhanced memory. In fact, von Restorff, whose paper is not available in English, presented evidence that perceptual salience is not necessary for the isolation effect. She further argued that the difference between the isolated and surrounding items is not sufficient to produce isolation effects but must be considered in the context of similarity. Von Restorff’s reasoning and data have implications for the use of distinctiveness in contemporary memory research, where distinctiveness is sometimes defined as perceptual salience and sometimes as a theoretical process of discrimination. As a theoretical construct, distinctiveness is a useful description of the effects of differences even in the absence of perceptual salience, but distinctiveness must be used in conjunction with constructs referring to similarity to provide an adequate account of the isolation effect and probably any other memory phenomena.
Miscounting Race: Explaining Whites' Misperceptions of Racial Group Size:

Survey research has documented the extent to which whites misperceive the size of the nonwhite population in the United States. However, the sociological reasons for this and the implications for race relations has yet to be adequately explored. This study uses individual interviews, focus groups, and opened-ended surveys to examine the explanations white respondents offer for inflating the size of U.S. minority populations. My findings suggest that the media, residential segregation, racial stereotypes, and perception of group threat each contribute to whites' underestimation of the size of the white population and the inflation of group size among racial minorities. How misperceptions of racial group size may inform race relations research is examined.
Soft-Decision Decoding of Linear Block Codes Using Preprocessing and Diversification

Order-w reprocessing is a suboptimal soft-decision decoding approach for binary linear block codes in which up to w bits are systematically flipped on the so-called most reliable (information) basis (MRB). This correspondence first incorporates two preprocessing rules into order-w reprocessing and shows that, with appropriate choice of parameters, the proposed order-w reprocessing with preprocessing requires comparable complexity to order-w reprocessing but achieves asymptotically the performance of order-(w+2) reprocessing. To complement the MRB, a second basis is employed for practical SNRs and this approach is systematically extended to a multibasis order-w reprocessing scheme for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). It is shown that the proposed multibasis scheme significantly enlarges the error-correction radius, a commonly used measure of performance at high SNRs, over the original (single-basis) order-w reprocessing. As a by-product, this approach also precisely characterizes the asymptotic performance of the well-known Chase and generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding algorithms. The proposed algorithm successfully decodes the (192,96) Reed-Solomon concatenated code and the (256,147) extended BCH code in near optimal manner (within 0.01 dB at a block-error rate of 10-5) with affordable computational cost
Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis

The molecular mechanisms underlying myelin sheath destruction in multiple sclerosis lesions remain unresolved. With immunogold-labeled peptides of myelin antigens and high-resolution microscopy, techniques that can detect antigen-specific antibodies in situ, we have identified autoantibodies specific for the central nervous system myelin antigen myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. These autoantibodies were specifically bound to disintegrating myelin around axons in lesions of acute multiple sclerosis and the marmoset model of allergic encephalomyelitis. These findings represent direct evidence that autoantibodies against a specific myelin protein mediate target membrane damage in central nervous system demyelinating disease.
Modeling single event upsets in Floating Gate memory cells

We model soft errors in Floating Gate (FG) memory cells due to charge loss after single radiation particle strikes. In contrast to various classical models, we show that the transient carrier flux over the oxide barriers coming into and out of the floating gate from high energy tail of the generated carriers can be the dominant mechanism of charge loss. We use this model to quantify the single event upset (SEU) susceptibility of FG memory technologies for cosmic ray neutrons and alpha particle strikes. We predict that the SEU sensitivity of FG memory cells will significantly increase with future cell scaling.
Miocene stratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland

Miocene strata exposed in the Calvert Cliffs, along the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, have a long history of study owing to their rich fossil record, including a series of spectacular shell and bone beds. Owing to increasingly refi ned biostratigraphic age control, these outcrops continue to serve as important references for geological and paleontological analyses. The canonical Calvert, Choptank, and St. Marys Formations, fi rst described by Shattuck (1904), are generally interpreted as shallowing-up, from a fully marine open shelf to a variety of marginal marine, coastal environments. More detailed paleoenvironmental interpretation is challenging, however, owing to pervasive bioturbation, which largely obliterates diagnostic physical sedimentary structures and mixes grain populations; most lithologic contacts, including regional unconformities, are burrowed fi rmgrounds at the scale of a single outcrop. This fi eld trip will visit a series of classic localities in the Calvert Cliffs to discuss the use of sedimentologic, ichnologic, taphonomic, and faunal evidence to infer environments under these challenging conditions, which are common to Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata throughout the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains. We will examine all of Shattuck’s (1904) original lithologic “zones” within the Plum Point Member of the Calvert Formation, the Choptank Formation, and the Little Cove Point Member of the St. Marys Formation, as well as view the channelized “upland gravels” that are probably the estuarine and fl uvial equivalents of the marine upper Miocene Eastover Formation in Virginia. The physical stratigraphic discussion will focus on the most controversial intervals within the succession, namely the unconformities that defi ne the bases of the Choptank and St. Marys Formations, where misunderstanding would mislead historical analysis.
Communication: Towards ab initio self-energy embedding theory in quantum chemistry

The self-energy embedding theory (SEET), in which the active space self-energy is embedded in the self-energy obtained from a perturbative method treating the non-local correlation effects, was recently developed in our group. In SEET, the double counting problem does not appear and the accuracy can be improved either by increasing the perturbation order or by enlarging the active space. This method was first calibrated for the 2D Hubbard lattice showing promising results. In this paper, we report an extension of SEET to quantum chemical ab initio Hamiltonians for applications to molecular systems. The self-consistent second-order Green’s function method is used to describe the non-local correlations, while the full configuration interaction method is carried out to capture strong correlation within the active space. Using few proof-of-concept examples, we show that SEET yields results of comparable quality to n-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory with the same active space, and furthermore, the full active space can be split into smaller active spaces without further implementation. Moreover, SEET avoids intruder states and does not require any high-order reduced density matrices. These advantages show that SEET is a promising method to describe physical and chemical properties of challenging molecules requiring large active spaces.
Long-range attraction of particles adhered to lipid vesicles

Many biological systems fold thin sheets of lipid membrane into complex three-dimensional structures. This microscopic origami is often mediated by the adsorption and self-assembly of proteins on a membrane. As a model system to study adsorption-mediated interactions, we study the collective behavior of micrometric particles adhered to a lipid vesicle. We estimate the colloidal interactions using a maximum likelihood analysis of particle trajectories. When the particles are highly wrapped by a tense membrane, we observe strong long-range attractions with a typical binding energy of $150{k}_{B}T$ and significant forces extending a few microns.
Transforming a Non-Claim into a Claim: § 1114 and the Curious Case of in re Visteon

This Article argues that the most important case concerning retiree medical benefits in bankruptcy has just been handed down by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in the case of In re Visteon Corp. Fifty years from now, the section governing such benefits, § 1114, will likely be moot as employers today are not creating new retiree medical benefit programs, and those that still have them are phasing them out to the fullest extent possible. Yet the section remains relevant today because there are still thousands of retirees, mostly in manufacturing industries such as steel and auto, who continue to rely on the legacy of retiree benefits that were granted to them decades ago.The significance of Visteon is that it is the first federal circuit court to address directly the most fundamental issue surrounding § 1114, namely, whether the special protections of that section apply in a case where the employer has contractually reserved a unilateral right to terminate the benefits outside bankruptcy. A shorter way to phrase the issue is whether § 1114 was intended by Congress to apply to non-vested retiree benefits. The other reason that the Visteon decision is so important is that the Third Circuit's conclusion that § 1114 was indeed meant to cover non-vested as well as vested retiree medical benefits is contrary to the majority of bankruptcy and district courts that have previously considered the question.This Article analyzes the opinion in the Visteon case and raises some concerns with its analysis. In particular, the Article focuses on the two rationales that the Third Circuit relied on in reaching its conclusion: the plain-meaning rule statutory interpretation and the legislative history of § 1114. The Article concludes by describing some possible strategies that employers or creditors might use to avoid the effect of the Visteon holding in future cases involving retiree medical benefits in bankruptcy.
Failure to observe learned helplessness in rats exposed to inescapable footshock

Two experiments were performed to determine whether exposure to inescapable footshock would impair acquisition of difficult (FR 3 or higher) instrumental escape responses by rats. In the first experiment, rats received 250 trials of inescapable or escapable shock (mean duration: 7.7 sec/trial). In the second experiment, animals were exposed to durations of 5, 10, or 20 sec/trial of inescapable footshock. No evidence of an interference effect (helplessness) was observed, despite the use of conditions that should have detected this effect.
Post-Acute Care — The Next Frontier for Controlling Medicare Spending

Acute care providers have had little financial incentive to ensure effective transitions to post-acute care or support post–acute care providers when discharged patients have complications. Medicare's bundled-payment and shared-savings programs should help change that.
A New Radiographic Classification for Distal Shaft Fifth Metatarsal Fractures.

In the present report, a new radiographic classification for distal shaft fractures of the fifth metatarsal is presented. The classification system is based on a review of 79 spiral oblique fractures of the distal shaft of the fifth metatarsal. The sample was grouped into "grades" of deformity according to the configuration of the fracture and the amount of displacement observed for each injury. Four distinct fracture configurations emerged as a result of our radiographic analysis, and these were categorized as grades I, IIA, IIB, and III. Grade II fractures were most prevalent and accounted for 49% of the cases reviewed. Grade I and III fractures accounted for 29% and 22% of the distal fifth metatarsal fractures, respectively. To our knowledge, a classification system for fractures of the distal shaft of the fifth metatarsal has not been previously reported. The radiographic classification that we have proposed is intended to aid surgeons treating and discussing fractures localized to the distal portion of the fifth metatarsal.
Two South African Men of the Law

This essay remembers two great South African lawyers, Nelson Mandela, who became post-apartheid South Africa’s first President, and Arthur Chaskalson, the man whom Mandela chose to head the country’s new Constitutional Court. Both men’s lives, remarkable in themselves, also help us to understand what it means to be a “man of the law.” Mandela was a revolutionary and a lawbreaker, but he was also a lawyer who was never disbarred despite being imprisoned for almost three decades – and in fact his life turns out to exemplify a faith in law: not a naive notion that apartheid law was just, but a deep commitment to the importance and value of just law. Arthur Chaskalson, for his part, was a leader of the South African bar who used South African law against itself in the struggle against apartheid. He too believed in law, but again not in a naive way: he did not imagine that law would end apartheid, but he knew that South African law still contained elements of justice, and he used those elements to contribute to apartheid’s dissolution and to help build the legal order of the new South Africa. Both Mandela and Chaskalson were lawyer-statesmen, to use Anthony Kronman’s phrase, but their lives teach us that lawyer-statesmen are not always people who exchange moral certainty for wisdom and forbearance, as Kronman’s account seems to suggest. Different times call for different kinds of statesmen and stateswomen, and Nelson Mandela and Arthur Chaskalson brought to their lifelong struggle against searing injustice deep fidelity to law, but also political passion and radical conviction.
Measurements of Three-dimensional Geostress in Hydropower Station of Pushi River

In order to study stress state in underground powerhouse area of pumped storage power station of Pushi river,in-situ stress measurement is carried out by hollow inclusion strain gauge method,and three-dimensional stresses at three measuring points are obtained,and the confining pressure formulation is derived minutely considering the effect of elastic modulus and Poisson′ratio of epoxy、the position of strain gauge、resin layer resistance and the felt degree about rock and rosin layer.The results show that the calculation results of formulation(13) is bigger 3.8% than formulation(1).The initial geostress in underground powerhouse area of the pumped storage power station is a middle-and low stress and mainly to tectonic stress.
The Status of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Surgery

The last two decades have witnessed the revolutionary development and clinical application of several techniques for prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. Amniocentesis has helped to establish the diagnosis of major chromosomal and inherited metabolic disorders. Sonography has identified congenital malformations incompatible with life and has permitted the early diagnosis of correctable congenital malformations. Antenatal knowledge of these abnormalities can potentially decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality because the appropriate preparations can be made in advance of the delivery. The International Fetal Surgery Registry of 1985 reported 73 cases of fetal obstructive uropathy treated by in utero placement of a chronic vesico-amniotic shunt. No relationship could be demonstrated between survival and amniotic fluid volume or fetal age at diagnosis or treatment. Twenty-seven of 29 deaths were reportedly due to pulmonary hypoplasia. The data strongly suggests the need to develop a test that evaluates fetal pulmonary status. The registry data on 41 cases of hydrocephalic fetal decompression were reviewed. Survival was 83%, however 54% of cases survived with a moderate to severe handicap. No relationship between duration of shunt placement and outcome could be determined. The outcome data was difficult to interpret. No conclusions were made or implied concerning whether or not these fetuses were actually benefited by the procedure. Fetal surgery can be performed with an acceptable procedure —related mortality and morbidity. As of this date, we can not conclude that in utero fetal surgery has improved survivor morbidity. The registry data points to the need for controls and for a properly designed prospective study.
How Should STFM Respond to Political and Societal Issues

The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine has always been an organization with a deep sense of social responsibility that has valued diversity of people, ideas, and opinions and discussion of important political and societal issues. With the diversity and passions of its members, the STFM Board is commonly asked to take stands on controversial political or social issues. This has led to some interesting and sometimes spirited discussions among our Board or Executive Committee members.
Phosphorus recovery and recycling with ecological engineering: A review

Abstract Phosphorus is essential to life on Earth and frequently limits the productivity of ecosystems, including agroecosystems. Currently, a substantial portion of the global human population relies on finite phosphate rock resources used for chemical fertilizer production. Concern over poor management of these vital resources and continued efforts to enhance soil fertility and food security have stimulated interest in phosphorus recovery and recycling. Existing heterogeneity in phosphorus waste flows, agricultural phosphorus needs, the availability of resources, and spatial patterns of land use calls for a diverse array of phosphorus recycling strategies. Ecological engineers working on phosphorus management have most commonly aimed to create phosphorus sinks on the landscape to help mitigate eutrophication. There is a growing need for ecological engineering approaches that go beyond phosphorus retention to create pathways for phosphorus recovery and recycling, supporting both eutrophication control and food security. This review includes a brief overview of human impacts on the global phosphorus cycle and a survey of existing ecological engineering techniques for phosphorus recovery and recycling discussed in the literature. A systems approach for design and feasibility assessment of phosphorus recycling with eco-technology is outlined, along with several key challenges. The importance of an interdisciplinary, multiple element, and multiple resource approach to phosphorus recycling is emphasized.
Current status of the development of PET radiotracers for imaging alpha synuclein aggregates in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites

This review provides an account of the current status of the development of PET radiotracers for imaging aggregated alpha synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. This includes a description of the various strategies used in the development of an α-syn PET probe and the technological hurdles which have limited progress in this area of research. A survey of the literature describing small molecule-based probes that bind to α-syn and have served as lead compounds for PET radiotracer development was conducted. This literature review includes a description of various radiolabeled probes having a modest affinity for α-syn which have been published within the past 5 years. Although different chemical entities have been described as having a moderate affinity for α-syn, their in vitro binding affinities for α-syn and selectivities for α-syn versus beta amyloid (Aβ) and tau fibrils are not ideal for serving as lead compounds for PET radiotracer development. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies have generated radiolabeled probes capable of binding to α-syn, but selectivity versus Aβ and tau remains a problem. The development of an optimal PET probe for imaging aggregated α-syn in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites remains as a high priority in the field pf PET radiotracer development, since it would improve the diagnosis of PD and provide a biomarker for disease progression. An α-syn PET radiotracer would also be useful in the evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing levels of α-syn in the CNS. Although much progress has been made in recent years, the development of a PET radiotracer for imaging α-syn aggregates represents an unmet need in field of translational PET imaging.
Embracing the sportification of society: defining e-sports through a polymorphic view on sport.

Abstract In this paper, the author argues that, regardless of whether e-sports qualify as sports, they should be examined in sport management because they are a manifestation of sportification. Sportification means to either: (a) view, organize, or regulate a non-sport activity in such a way that it resembles a sport and allows a fair, pleasurable, and safe environment for individuals to compete and cooperate, and compare their performances to each other, and future and past performances; or (b) add a sport component to an existing activity in order to make it more attractive to its audiences. As the sport industry itself is embracing e-sports as a sport, scholars should embrace e-sports as a manifestation of sportification and examine their negative and positive effect on our industry.
Evaluation of scatter effects in phoswich detector modules of a dedicated small animal PET scanner

1501 Objectives The goal is to evaluate the effect of photon scatter within the phoswich detectors, or detector scatter (DS), on resolution and quantitative accuracy of a commercial small animal PET scanner using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Methods The phoswich detector consists of 7mm thick LYSO and 8mm thick GSO scintillators. Line-of-response data were MC simulated from a point source placed in 4mm increments along the central axis and in 5mm increments along a transaxial radius. Both 250-700keV and 400-700keV energy windows (EW) with and without DS were modeled, and DS with and without depth-of-interaction (DOI) correction were compared. System resolution, in terms of FWHM, was determined from the 2D OS-EM reconstructed image of the point source. Recovery coefficients (RC) from 3D regions-of-interest (ROI) with different diameters were calculated. Results The radial, tangential and axial resolution obtained with 250-700keV EW showed differences of 7%, 7% and 4%, respectively, between that with and without DS when averaged over different axial locations; and 10%, 7% and 2% when averaged over the radial locations. The RC for point sources along the central axis reached 95% at 12.0mm and 9.2mm ROI diameters for 250-700keV and 400-700keV EW with DS, and at 2.5mm for both EW without DS. The RC for point sources modeled with and without DOI correction differed by 6mm. Conclusions DS has larger effect on the radial and tangential than the axial resolution for a small animal PET scanner with phoswich detectors. It has significant effect on the PET quantitation due to the long tail of point response function. The effect of DS can be reduced with a narrower EW at the expense of lower counts. DOI correction has small effect in reducing DS. Research Support This work was funded in parts by NIH grant CA92781 and EB1558.