cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DnaA and SspA Regulation of the iraD gene of E. coli: an alternative DNA damage response independent of LexA/RecA

The transcription factor RpoS ({sigma}S) of Escherichia coli controls a large number of genes important for tolerance of a variety of stress conditions. IraD promotes the post-translation stability of RpoS by inhibition of RssB, an adaptor protein for ClpXP degradation. We have previously documented DNA damage induction of iraD expression, independent of the SOS response. Both iraD and rpoS are required for tolerance to DNA damaging treatments such as H2O2 and the replication inhibitor azidothymidine in the log phase of growth. Using luciferase gene fusions to the 672 bp iraD upstream region, we show here that both promoters of iraD are induced by AZT. Genetic analysis suggests that both promoters are repressed by DnaA-ATP, partially dependent on a putative DnaA box at -81 bp, and regulated by RIDA (regulatory inactivation of DnaA), dependent on the DnaN processivity clamp. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays we show that purified DnaA protein binds to the iraD upstream region, so DnaA regulation of IraD is likely to be direct. DNA damage induction of iraD during log phase growth is abolished in the dnaA-T174P mutant, suggesting that DNA damage, in some way, relieves DnaA repression, possibly through the accumulation of replication clamps and enhanced RIDA. We demonstrate that the RNA-polymerase associated factor, SspA (stringent starvation protein A), induced by the accumulation of ppGpp, also affects IraD expression, with a positive effect on constitutive expression and a negative effect on AZT-induced expression, in a fashion independent of DnaA. SIGNIFICANCEDNA damage can lead to cell death or genomic instability. Cells have evolved transcriptional responses that sense DNA damage and up-regulate tolerance and repair factors; the LexA/RecA-regulated SOS response in E. coli was the first example of such a system. This work describes an alternative DNA damage response, controlled by DnaA and the IraD post-translational regulator of RpoS. The cellular signals for this response, we propose, are empty replication processivity ({beta}) clamps that accumulate at replication blocks. IraD expression is also regulated by stringent starvation protein, SspA, induced by nutrient deprivation. This SOS-independent DNA damage response integrates a signal of incomplete replication with starvation to modulate expression of genes that promote the completion of replication.
A general stress patterning method for manufacturing ultra-precise free-form deformation in thin-substrates (Conference Presentation) (Withdrawal Notice)

Publisher’s Note: This conference presentation, originally published on 5 August 2021 was withdrawn on 13 August 2021 per author request.
Effects of Quercetin on Muscle Function during IL-6-induced Cancer Cachexia

Cachexia is a devastating wasting condition that occurs secondary to chronic diseases including AIDS, COPD, and cancer. Characterized by a loss of body weight including adipose tissue and muscle at...
Threshold of nonstationary laser supported detonation wave

Summary form only given, as follows. The threshold laser intensity required to support a laser induced detonation wave in air was measured for different laser pulse shapes. A TEA CO/sub 2/ laser used in the experiments generated pulses consisting of a leading high amplitude peak with 300 ns width on the half maximum and a tail with 5 /spl mu/s duration. A cell filled with SF/sub 6/ was used to change the amplitude of the leading peak. The separation of the shock wave from the plasma front, indicating the detonation wave decay, was detected using schlieren photography. The higher threshold intensity of laser supported detonation wave decay was measured for higher amplitude of the leading peak in the laser pulse shape. An explanation for the effect is given on the basis of the earlier proposed mechanism of nondimensional laser supported detonation wave decay.
The Right Frame of Mind for M&A: The Post-Merger Impact of Deal Frames on Target Management Behavior

Although M&A has been studied extensively, the impact of deal frames has not. Framing is particularly important in acquisitions with earnout clauses, performance-based payment. In these deals, compensation can be framed as total potential value (upfront and earnout payment) or as guaranteed compensation (upfront payment). This choice leads to the perception of the earnout as either a loss (total compensation frame) or a gain (guaranteed compensation frame). Prospect theory suggests these different views result in risk-seeking versus risk-averse behavior. Since different merger attributes favor one or the other, I examine when to use the total or guaranteed compensation deals frames.
Production and optimization of aesthetic composite brackets and archwires by wear damages

Sliding forces as well as aestheticism are important properties for orthodontic appliances. In this study, a developed prototype aesthetic biocomposite brackets and archwires compared with commercially available products. To produce archwires a flexible polymeric shrinkage tube was used as a die, resins reinforced with glass fibers (GF). Whereas a pultrusion process was used for the production of brackets, epoxy reinforced with braided GF. This study included: (i) the sliding characteristics, (ii) scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and (iii) geometric comparisons of brackets before and after loading in sliding mechanics. Specimens of each bracket-archwire combination were tested in universal testing machines. The sliding force involved in a ligated bracket-archwire is measured by a self-designed jig for wear. The interfaces of the two soft matrix is changed during sliding which causes shearing deformation and damaged the contact surfaces. Although penetrations through the soft matrix are observed, the GF reinforcement is undamaged for most of the combinations tested but exposed severely. This finding implies the risk of GF release due to the depletion of soft matrix of composites during clinical use is significant. Saliva had a consistent effect of increasing the friction, in contrast to the inconsistent effect reported in the literature.
Why Old World Monkeys Are Resistant to HIV-1

Premature disassembly of the HIV-1 capsid is caused by the rhesus monkey protein, TRIM5, and a single amino acid change in human TRIM5confers similar anti-HIV-1 activity.
Finding Neuropsychology's Role in the Military>

Kennedy C. H., & Moore J. L. (Eds.) (2010). Military Neuropsychology. New York: Springer Publishing Company. 414 pp. $85.00 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-8261-0449-6. Military Neuropsychology is a most needed ...
Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy

Abstract A case of pancreatitis in pregnancy has been presented. A brief discussion of the physiology and pathology and a review of the literature were included. The clinical course of the pancreatitis was typical. The course of the pregnancy was unaffected. Labor was induced at eight and one-half months in an attempt to relieve the severe symptoms in the patient. The induction was successful and the infant was in good condition. The termination of the pregnancy was beneficial in that it produced immediate alleviation of upper abdominal symptoms and it permitted uninterrupted treatment of the pancreatitis. Of special interest is the fact that this patient had a serum calcium of below 7 mg. per cent associated with tetany. No case with these findings and subsequent survival of the patient could be found in the literature.
Entrepreneur Choice of Auditor and Retained Ownership in IPO Markets: Experimental Evidence

We use experimental economic markets to test the Datar, Feltham and Hughes (DFH) (1991) model of entrepreneur choice of auditor and retained ownership in initial public offering markets. The mixed evidence provided by prior research using archival data motivated our experimental approach. Experimental markets inherently exhibit considerably more control over the model's decision variables than do archival studies. This enables us to test whether the model adequately describes human behavior and examine the effect of an important decision variable cited by prior research. Our results provide considerable support for the DFH model of entrepreneur behavior in treatments where investors are programmed to price consistent with the DFH equilibrium. We also found support in similar treatments for a modified DFH model that included the impact of client risk on auditor fees. However, the model was far less predictive of entrepreneur behavior in markets with human investors instead of programmed investors. The results suggest that human entrepreneurs and investors adapt to the choices each made within a particular market, such that less than half of the markets conformed to DFH's predictions while the rest followed an alternative equilibrium where only the entrepreneur's choice of auditor signaled firm value. Our results suggest that in signaling models like DFH, theorists should consider market environments and interactions that can lead to one equilibrium versus another.
Surgical palliation of unresectable periampullary adenocarcinoma in the 1990s.

Abstract Background: Advances in the nonoperative staging and palliation of periampullary carcinoma have dramatically changed the management of this disease. Currently, surgical palliation is used primarily for patients found to be unresectable at the time of laparotomy performed for the purpose of determining resectability. Study Design: A review of all patients undergoing operative management for periampullary adenocarcinoma at a single, high-volume institution was performed. The review focused on patients found to be unresectable who, therefore, underwent surgical palliation. Results: Between December 1991 and December 1997, 256 patients with unresectable periampullary adenocarcinoma were operatively palliated. During the same time period, 512 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary carcinoma. Sixty-eight percent of patients were unresectable secondary to liver metastases or peritoneal metastases, and 32% were deemed unresectable because of local vascular invasion. Of the 256 patients, 51% underwent double bypass (hepaticojejunostomy [HJ] and gastrojejunostomy [GJ]), 11% underwent HJ alone, 19% underwent GJ alone, and 19% did not undergo any form of bypass. Celiac block was performed in 75% of patients. Palliated patients were significantly younger, with a mean age of 64.0 years compared with 65.8 years in the resected group (p = 0.04). Gender and race distributions were similar in the 2 groups, with 57% of palliated patients and 55% of resected patients being men (p = NS) and 91% of patients in each group being Caucasian (p = NS). Palliative procedures were performed with a mortality rate of 3.1%, compared to 1.9% in those successfully resected (p = NS). Those undergoing operative palliation had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications when compared with those undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (22% versus 35%, p Conclusions: Surgical palliation continues to play an important role in the management of periampullary carcinoma. In this high-volume center, 33% of patients undergoing operative management of this disease were unresectable. Surgical palliation can be accomplished with acceptable perioperative mortality (3.1%) and morbidity (22%), with excellent longterm results.
Geographical averaging and ancillary services for stochastic power generation

The distribution of stochastic generation from renewables across different geographical locations can, in certain cases, help to mitigate the inherent variability in output. This variability of generation from renewables may 1) increase the operating costs of the conventional generators used to follow the net load not supplied by stochastic capacity and 2) increase the amount of reserve conventional generating capacity needed to maintain Operating Reliability. In this scenario, customers have lower wholesale prices, due to reductions in the total annual generation from fossil fuels, while generators face higher operating costs for conventional generators caused by additional ramping that partly offset the customer benefits. However, the lower wholesale prices ($/MWh) imply lower annual earnings for conventional generators that lead to higher amounts of missing money ($/MW) needed to maintain the financial adequacy of installed generating units. The objective of this paper is to determine how variability from a stochastic generation resource affects the optimal hour-to-hour dispatch of generating units and the corresponding operating costs and wholesale prices. The results show that the inclusion of ramping costs for conventional generation affect the amount of energy dispatched from the stochastic generator, and the total costs composition observed in the system. The Cornell SuperOPF1 is used to illustrate how the operating costs and wholesale prices can be determined for a reliable network (the amount of conventional generating capacity needed to maintain Operating Reliability is determined endogenously). The results in this paper use a typical daily pattern of load and capture the cost of ramping by including additions to the operating costs of the generating units associated with the hour-to-hour changes in their optimal dispatch. The calculations for determining endogenous up and down reserves are included, and the wind generation cost is assumed to be zero. Additionally, the maximum and minimum available capacities for all hours in the day are constrained to the optimal capacities for the hours with the highest and the lowest loads. Different scenarios are evaluated for a given hourly realization of wind speeds using specified amounts of installed wind capacity with and without ramping costs. The analysis also evaluates the effects of eliminating network constraints, as well as the elimination of wind variability by accounting for the effects of spatial aggregation of different wind locations.
Tissue specific brain S-100: A demonstration of multiple proteins

Abstract 1. 1. Previous studies on bovine S-100 protein have indicated a possible heterogeneity of this protein. The present communication demonstrates multiple proteins and methods for their isolation. The tissue specific S-100 protein from bovine brain elutes from DEAE-cellulose over an unusually wide range of NaCl concentrations. The S-100 proteins, when pooled into three separate groups and each of these chromatographed on Sephadex G-100, were found to include three molecular weight species: 19 500, 43 000 and 71 000. Each of the isolated S-100 protein fractions displays the solubility characteristics, amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, and reaction with antiserum that are characteristic of S-100 protein. Amino acid analysis of each of the isolated proteins indicates that (I) each of the proteins within a molecular weight class is different from the others; and (2) that aggregation of the lower mol. wt. species does not completely explain the existence of the higher mol. wt. proteins. 2. 2. One of the 19 500 mol. wt. proteins, although it migrates as a single band in electrophoresis on a 7 and 10.5% acrylamide gel, on 17% gels can be further resolved into multiple proteins. A specific interaction of S-100 protein with calcium was taken advantage of to further fractionate this 19 500 mol. wt. class of proteins. On DEAE-cellulose in the presence of calcium this fraction was seen to contain approximately five proteins identifiable as S-100 protein by reaction with antiserum. On 17% acrylamide gel these fractions display different electrophoretic mobilities. Amino acid analysis of two of the S-100 proteins isolated in the presence of calcium demonstrates that they indeed have different primary structures. 3. 3. It is concluded that the S-100 protein is not a single species of protein but a class of proteins. Members of this class differ from one another by charge and molecular weight, and have different primary structures.
Neuroblastoma sympatheticum; a study and report of 217 cases.

The treatment of patients with neuroblastoma does not lie solely in the province of a single specialty; it requires cooperation of pediatrician, surgeon, radiologist and tumor therapist. It is essential that they all be aware of the unique characteristics of this particular tumor if optimum results are to be obtained. The many factors found to influence the prognosis for a child with neuroblastoma are discussed. In those cases wherein there are no demonstrable metastases, the treatment of choice consists of total excision, followed by local x-ray irradiation; this has resulted in a cure rate of 88%. In those cases wherein total excision is not possible, partial surgical removal followed by x-ray irradiation and tumor chemotherapy has given a cure rate of 64%. In those cases where only biopsy has been performed, x-ray irradiation and chemotherapy has still given a salvage, with a cure rate of 38%. When there are metastases to the liver alone, about two-thirds of babies can be cured by x-ray therapy. Whenever bony metastases have appeared in any case, the prognosis is extremely poor, and it is rare for such an individual to survive, regardless of the form of therapy. An aggressive attack on neuroblastoma in infancy and childhood, combining sungeny, x-ray irradiation and tumor chemotherapy, has shown a progressive improvement in results. During the period 1950-1957, cure rates have risen to 36.7% for all patients entering the hospital, regardless of age of the patient on extent of the neoplasm. For babies under a year of age, cures have occurred in 56%, and if there were no demonstrable metastases to bone at the time of hospitalization, the cures have been 70%.
Statistical Power Analysis with Missing Data: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

1. Introduction. Part 1. Fundamentals. 2. The LISREL Model. 3. Missing Data: An Overview. 4. Estimating Statistical Power with Complete Data. Part 2. Applications. 5. Effects of Selection on Means, Variances, and Covariances. 6. Testing Covariances and Mean Differences with Missing Data .7. Testing Group Differences in Longitudinal Change. 8. Application to Manage Missingness Designs. 9. Using Montel Carlo Simulation Approaches to Study Power with Missing Data. Part 3. Extensions. 10. Additional Issues with Missing Data in Structural Equation Models. 11. Summary and Conclusions.
System level methodology for programming CMP based multi-threaded network processor architectures

The increasing demand for programmable platforms that enable high bandwidth communication traffic processing has led to the advent of chip multi-processor (CMP) based multi-threaded network processor (NP) architectures. The CMP based architectures include a multitude of heterogeneous memory units ranging from on-chip register banks, local data memories, and scratch pads to multiple banks of off-chip SRAM and DRAM. Implementation of applications on such complex CMP architectures involves mapping of functionality on processing units, and mapping of data items on the memory units with an objective of maximizing the throughput. This paper presents a system-level methodology that consists of a programming model and optimization techniques for solving the functionality and memory mapping problem on CMP based multi-threaded NP architectures. The proposed techniques are evaluated by implementing three representative NP applications on the Intel IXP2400 processor which belongs to the class of CMP based multi-threaded architectures.
Glutamate induces a depolarization of adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons that is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors

Abstract The effects of glutamate, glutamate receptor agonists and substances that affect glutamate responses were studied, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, on neurons isolated from adult rat dorsal root ganglia. In current-clamp, glutamate (100 μM) or the excitatory amino acid receptor agonist N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA; 10 or 100 μM) induced membrane depolarization. Under voltage-clamp, these compounds induced an inward current that was voltage-dependent in the presence of Mg2+. The NMDA-induced current was inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist d,l -2-amino-5-phosphono-valerate (APV; 100 μM), and potentiated by 100 nM glycine. Few neurons responded to the receptor agonists kainate (100 μM), or quisqualate (1–10 μM). These observations suggest that glutamate-induced depolarization of primary sensory neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors.
Studies on the short-term toxicity of theophylline in rats and mice.

Abstract The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the short-term toxicity of theophylline, a compound present in tea and used in a variety of clinical applications. Fourteen-day repeated-dose toxicity studies were conducted in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats of both sexes. Theophylline was administered in feed (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ppm) or by gavage in corn oil (12.5-twice daily, 25, 50, 50-twice daily, 100, 200, 200-twice daily, and 400 mg/kg). Dosed-feed exposure to theophylline at concentrations up to 8000 ppm induced no significant toxicity except for dose-related uterine hypoplasia in rats. Palatability problems at that level precluded administration of higher concentrations. In the gavage study, 400 mg/kg was acutely toxic for both species, but mice and rats differed in that this same daily dose administered as two separate doses of 200 mg/kg was acutely toxic in rats but not in mice. No doserelated weight gain depression was evident in mice; weight gain was depressed in the majority of dose levels in rats and was pronounced at the higher levels. Clinical signs in mice were squinting and distended testes in males, and in rats, rapid respiration (all doses), squinting, and hunching. Gross necropsies, organ weights, clinical pathology, and pathology identified no target organs in mice, while histopathologic observations in rats suggested heart and stomach as possible target organs. Histopathologic effects in a number of other tissues, including lung, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and uterus, were considered to reflect agonal changes in treated rats, possibly related to inanition. The results suggest that both species and sex differences exist with respect to sensitivity to theophylline toxicity, with F344 rats being more sensitive than B6C3F1 mice and male rats being more sensitive than female rats.
Noninvasive imaging of absolute PpIX concentration distribution innonmelanoma skin tumors at pre-PDT

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has proven to be an effective treatment option for nonmelanoma skin cancers. The ability to quantify the concentration of drug in the treated area is crucial for effective treatment planning as well as predicting outcomes. We utilized spatial frequency domain imaging for quantifying the accurate concentration of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in phantoms and in vivo . We correct fluorescence against the effects of native tissue absorption and scattering parameters. First we quantified the absorption and scattering of the tissue non-invasively. Then, we corrected raw fluorescence signal by compensating for optical properties to get the absolute drug concentration. After phantom experiments, we used basal cell carcinoma (BCC) model in Gli mice to determine optical properties and drug concentration in vivo at pre-PDT.
Characterization of the acidity of ultrastable Y, mordenite, and ZSM-12 via NH3-stepwise temperature programmed desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The acidity of ultrastable Y (USY), mordenite, and ZSM-12 of variable Si/Al ratios has been characterized by coupling NH3-stepwise temperature programmed desorption (STPD) and FT-IR. The former technique allows us to quantify accurately the ammonia chemisorbed on acid sites of different strengths. In contrast to other acidic oxide catalysts, it was found that protonated zeolites possess distinct limits of acid strength and that chemisorbed ammonia desorbs from each type of site only within particular temperature ranges. It was observed that for zeolites with Si/Al ratios smaller than about 20 the number of ammonia molecules chemisorbed on both Lewis and Bronsted sites is smaller than the total number of Al atoms present in the zeolite. However, an increase in the Si/Al ratio above this threshold results in a 1:1 relation between the total number of acid sites and the amount of ammonia adsorbed. It was found that for mordenite and ZSM-12 an increase of the dealumination severity results in a decrease of the acid site strength. For USY the acid strength decreased with steam treatment, but then increased with acid leaching. The FT-IR studies revealed that for the protonated USY, Lewis-bound ammonia is evolved within each temperature stage. For mordenite, the Lewis sites are associated with desorption up to 250°C. The non-dealuminated ZSM-12 (Si/Al=35) sample possesses a relatively small number of Lewis sites, whereas the ZSM-12 samples with higher Si/Al ratios had only Bronsted acid sites. A peak deconvolution procedure was performed in order to decompose accurately the complex hydroxyl region of USY and mordenite and was used to separate the Lewis peak from structural vibrations for ZSM-12. As a result, important information concerning the nature of the aluminum species present in these zeolites (extraframework species, framework species present within the side pockets of mordenite, framework species present within the β cages of USY, etc.) was obtained.
3-manifolds whose universal coverings are Lie groups

Abstract We classify those closed 3-manifolds whose universal covering space naturally admits the structure of a Lie group
Zn(II)-activated acid phosphatase in liver and metanephros of developing chick

Pendant le developpement embryonnaire du poulet, une phosphatase acide activee au Zinc(II) est presente dans le foie et le metanephros, mais non dans le cerveau et le cœur. L'elevation maximum du taux de cet enzyme se produit dans le foie et dans le metanephros a des stades differents. Son developpement semble etre en rapport avec le developpement fonctionnel des organes concernes.
Regular arrangement of restriction sites in drosophila DNA

Abstract When DNA of Drosophila melanogaster is digested to completion with Hemophilus aegyptius restriction endonuclease, the majority of the products are DNA segments whose lengths fit a random distribution with an average of 350 base pairs. However, some 10% of the DNA is recovered as various segments of discrete lengths, ranging from 30,000 to 365 base pairs. These segments arise from the regular spacing of the enzyme restriction sites in limited portions of the Drosophila genome. Three segments have been shown to originate from mitochondrial DNA, while all the others can be assigned to one or more isopycnic density classes of nuclear DNA. Five of the discrete fragments display modular lengths, each being an integral multiple of a 365 base pairs subunit. The relative frequencies of these multiple segments suggest that they are derived from DNA originally containing restriction sites every 365 base pairs, and that approximately 25% of these sites have been randomly inactivated.
Membrane Topology of the Vaccinia Virus A17L Envelope Protein

The formation of a lipoprotein membrane within specialized areas of the cytoplasm is the first visible step in poxvirus morphogenesis. The A17L viral protein, an essential nonglycosylated membrane component, was predicted to have four centrally located alpha-helical membrane-spanning domains. The gene was expressed as a 23-kDa protein in a cell-free transcription/translation system containing canine pancreatic microsomes. The N- and C-terminal ends of the membrane-associated protein were susceptible to proteinase digestion, whereas the central region was resistant, consistent with a model in which the first and fourth hydrophobic domains are membrane spanning. This topology was supported by the sizes of the major proteinase-resistant membrane-associated products of genes containing one or more deleted hydrophobic domains and by evidence that the C-terminus was intraluminal and glycosylated on deletion of the second, third, and fourth domains, the third and fourth domains, or just the fourth domain. Moreover, glycosylation also occurred when an N-glycosylation site was introduced into the second hydrophobic domain of the full-length A17L protein. The data indicated a predominant topology in which the N- and C-termini are cytoplasmic, the first and fourth hydrophobic domains span the microsomal membrane, and the second and third hydrophobic domains are intraluminal. This arrangement has important implications for interactions of the A17L protein with other membrane components.
Multiphase Inverse Modeling

Calibration of a numerical process model against laboratory or field data is often referred to as “inverse modeling.” As the numerical simulation models become more complex, the number of parameters to be estimated generally increases, requiring new testing, modeling, and inversion strategies. The purpose of this survey is to review inverse modeling approaches for unsaturated and multiphase flow models. The discussion focuses on applications rather than theoretical considerations, which have been previously reviewed in the context of saturated flow and transport modeling. We also examine model parameterization issues, specifically the representation of heterogeneity through a limited number of variables that can be subjected to parameter estimation and uncertainty propagation analyses. Different parameterization strategies are illustrated using the multiphase flow simulation–optimization code iTOUGH2. A comprehensive inverse modeling package (such as iTOUGH2, which includes automatic model calibration followed by an extensive residual, error, and uncertainty propagation analysis) is an essential tool to improve test design and data analysis of complex multiphase flow systems.
THE EFFECTS OF IMPACT FEES ON MULTIFAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

Development impact fees may create more housing opportunities for lower- income households within suburban areas if there is a fiscal incentive behind the adoption of exclusionary land-use regulations. Using panel data estimation techniques that allow us to control for unobservable heterogeneity and potential endogeneities, we estimate the effects of different types of impact fees on multifamily housing construction using data from Florida counties. Impact fees earmarked for public services other than for offsite water and sewer system improvements are found to expand the stock of multifamily housing construction within inner suburban areas. Water/sewer impact fees, on the other hand, are found to reduce construction throughout the entire metropolitan area.
A theory of superconducting transition temperature for non-phonon interactions

For non-phonon interaction mechanisms which span a frequency range comparable to the Fermi energy, solution of the Eliashberg equation must cover both a range of frequencies and a range of momentum values. Kirzhnits, Maksimov, and Khomskii (KMK) have derived an intergral equation for the superconducting transition where frequency is eliminated in favor of the momentum. We have found a systematic correction to the KMK equation and investigated the effect onTcfor model interactions.
Classification of autoregressive spectral estimated signal patterns using an adaptive resonance theory neural network

Abstract Machine condition monitoring and fault detection has been an important issue for manufacturing practitioners and researchers around the world, as it impacts production efficiency and effectiveness as well as the morale of the production crew profoundly. This paper examines the use of a relatively new technology, Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART), to assess the machine condition through vibration signals. The vibration signal is first compressed with an Autoregressive (AR) technique in order to reduce the amount of information which the ART neural network is to deal with. The theoretical foundation of the fault classification system is discussed, followed by a brief case study.
Hematologic hints of HTLV-2 in US blood donors.

The HOST investigators have maintained a multiregional and longitudinal survey of donors infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II for over 14 years. The survey has provided extremely valuable information regarding the long-term consequences of asymptomatic infection with HTLV-I or HTLV-II.[1][1],[2][2] In
Beyond screening: assessment of perinatal depression in a perinatal care setting

Although screening for perinatal depression substantially improves detection, screening alone does not improve treatment entry or outcome. This paper summarizes a pilot evaluation of the feasibility and patient acceptance of on-site diagnostic assessment in perinatal care settings for women who screen positive for perinatal depressive symptoms. The model included screening, assessment by the perinatal care provider, an algorithm to guide decisions, guidelines for evidence-based antidepressant treatment, support through phone and webbased consultation, and quality monitoring to track and remedy “missed opportunities” for screening and assessment. A mean of 17.1% of women screened were identified as having depressive symptoms in need of further assessment. Of those identified, a mean of 72.0% received a diagnostic assessment on site. A mean of 1.4% of patients refused on-site diagnostic assessment. It is feasible to incorporate assessment for depression into perinatal care. This paves the way for better engagement in treatment, and better clinical outcomes.
Kartagener's syndrome in a Dachshund dog.

Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a rare, congenital condition characterized by situs inversus, rhinosinusitis, and bronchiectasis. An underlying ciliary dysfunction (e.g., immotility or dyskinetic beating) produces most of the clinical signs seen in affected animals. This case report reviews the history, clinical signs, and diagnosis of KS in a male, long-haired dachshund. This is the first known report of KS, and thus primary ciliary dyskinesia, in this breed of dog.
Hepatic microsomal enzymes: Potential applications

Abstract In contrast to the enzymes presently used in industrial applications, only a few hepatic microsomal enzymes have been isolated and characterized sufficiently to consider potential applications. When compared to the enzymes used for example by the sugar industry, the microsomal enzymes are more unstable, more difficult to purify, exhibit very low reaction rates, and usually require expensive cofactors or cosubstrates. However, microsomal enzymes have some unique properties which lend themselves to applications in the areas of pharmacology, medicine, and identification of potentially carcinogenic or toxic metabolites of foreign compounds. This paper reviews briefly some of these applications.
Sets constructible from sequences of ultrafilters

In [4], Kunen used iterated ultrapowers to show that if U is a normal κ-complete nontrivial ultrafilter on a cardinal κ then L[U], the class of sets constructive from U, has only the ultrafilter U ∩ L[U] and this ultrafilter depends only on κ. In this paper we extend Kunen's methods to arbitrary sequences U of ultrafilters (provided that they fulfill a coherency condition) and obtain generalizations of these results (§3). In particular we answer Problem 1 of Kunen and Paris [5] which asks whether the number of ultrafilters on κ can be intermediate between 1 and 22κ. If there is a normal κ-complete ultrafilter U on κ such that {α < κ: α is measurable} ∈ U then there is an inner model with exactly two normal ultrafilters on κ, and if κ is super-compact then there are inner models having κ+ +, κ+ or any cardinal less than or equal to κ normal ultrafilters (§4).These methods also show that several properties of L which had been shown to hold for L[U] also hold for L[U]: using an idea of Silver we show that in L[U] the generalized continuum hypothesis is true, there is a Souslin tree, and there is a well-ordering of the reals. In addition we generalize a result of Kunen to characterize the countaby complete ultrafilters of L[U].
13C NMR STUDIES OF VITAMIN C TRANSPORT AND ITS REDOX CYCLING IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

13C NMR spectra of labeled [1-13C]- and [2-13C]ascorbic acid were seen to contain resonances arising from the intra- and extracellular populations in suspensions of human erythrocytes; i.e., they d...
Production of Sounds in Distensible Tubes

A photocell was used to record vibrations in a solution of white Hector bentonite passing through a constriction introduced into Tygon or cellophane tubing, or into a transparent flat flow section with distensible sides. These vibrations were compared with those simultaneously recorded from the walls of the model. Both vibration spectra were also subjected to frequency analysis. At low steady flow rates in either three-dimensional system, the jet lost its laminar characteristics downstream from the constriction, but this disturbance was not accompanied by wall vibrations. At somewhat higher flow rates, the eddies impinged upon the walls and set up local wall vibrations, below the audible range. At still higher velocities, the turbulence became greater and the wall vibrations spread along the walls and became audible. However, the frequencies of the fluid motion did not necessarily appear in the frequency spectrum of the walls. The amount of energy necessary to set the walls in motion was partly determined by their physical characteristics; vibrations were more easily produced in the thin, flexible cellophane than in the thicker Tygon. Thus, the absence of murmurs does not mean that flow is laminar nor does the presence of wall vibrations mean that they are audible.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Processing of Stroop Stimuli: The Effect of Enhancement of Spatial Skills

There is a body of evidence which supports the concept of biological determinants of hemispheric asymmetry. In addition, there appear to be environmental influences. The present investigation was designed to determine whether there are differences, on the Stroop phenomenon, between individuals with more developed spatial skills and controls, as well as between males and females. Thirty-six art students and 27 psychology students who had no training in drawing participated in this study. There were 25 males and 38 females, all of whom were right-handed. An analysis of covariance revealed that the covariable, the word, was significantly related to the color score for all groups. There was a significant difference between art students and controls and between males and females. Male art students had a significantly larger corrected color response mean than all other groups. There appears to be not only a significant statistical interaction but perhaps an interaction of biology with environment as well.
Three dimensional computed tomographic reformation of the spine, skull, and brain from axial images

Three-dimensional (3D) images were reconstructed from axial computed tomographic scans using the new 3D83 (General Electric Co.) software. Images were reformatted as a movie in multiple frames, each consisting of a discrete 3D scene, and were rotated 360 degrees in 3D space. Improvement in shading and surface algorithm has been made from the previous 3D82 program so that 3D images now have a realistic appearance. Soft tissue and bone modes are available; the latter reconstructs best in 3D because of its high density pixels, which provide a more exclusive threshold. 3D reconstructions of the spine were the most rewarding because the complex anatomy of the spine seems to be best suited for 3D imaging. By hemisection of the spine by subregion, the intervertebral foramina can be evaluated for stenosis. Some drawbacks in this program are the need for user interaction, the lengthy time of reconstruction, and the dependence on high quality axial images.
Evaluating the Contributions of Track-Two Diplomacy to Conflict Termination in South Africa, 1984-90*

This article evaluates the political impact of three non-official, track-two initiatives aimed at resolving the conflict in South Africa. Meetings between white South Africans and the African National Congress (ANC) in the pre-negotiation period from 1985 to 1990 produced direct, substantive inputs into official, track-one decisionmaking regarding negotiations, as well as indirect inputs into public opinion and party politics bearing on questions of negotiated settlement. Track-two talks are credited with changing the political risks and rewards of official talks by legitimizing the negotiation option and desensitizing each side's constituents to talks with the enemy, by building latent support for track-one negotiations, by furthering incentive-creating political polarization over the issue of negotiation, and by encouraging the formation of liberal, pro-negotiation political parties and NGOs. Track-two talks prepared each side for track-one negotiations by clarifying conflict goals and post-conflict policies; by exploring common ground; by developing cadres of officials with experience in dialogue, some of whom developed a bureaucratic stake in an official negotiation process; and by communicating preconditions for track-one talks. The ANC and government each sought to use track-two talks to divide and weaken the other. A sense of South African identity emerged during track-two dialogues which reduced threat perceptions among white participants who communicated with central decisionmakers, and helped create a sense of negotiation possibility complementary to decisionmakers' sense that negotiation was necessary.
Study of AC Conductivity in Dilute CeO2:Y3+ Ceramics

The ac conductivity was studied for different compositions of CeO 2 ceramics, undoped and doped with Y 3+ ions in the composition range 1 to 12 atomic %Y over the temperature range from 50 K to 500 K. It was observed that in temperature range 300-400 K, the ac conductivity (as well as the real part of the dielectric constant, e',) follows the universal power-law frequency dependence with exponent s ≈ 0.63. No systematic variation of s, either with temperature or with dopant concentration, was observed, although for nominally “pure” CeO 2 no power-law regime was observed. The features of the ac behavior were explained on the basis of a percolation approach.
Bootstrapping Hausman's exogeneity test

Abstract This paper compares, vita simulations, the performance of Hausman's test of exogeneity based on first-order asymptotics and a bootstrap procedure in i.i.d. samples. The result shows that to third-order correct bootstrap-based inference procedure performs substantially better than the first-order asymptotics.
Subgrid-scale interactions in a numerically simulated planar turbulent jet and implications for modelling

The dynamics of subgrid-scale energy transfer in turbulence is investigated in a database of a planar turbulent jet at Reλ ≈ 110, obtained by direct numerical simulation. In agreement with analytical predictions (Kraichnan 1976), subgrid-scale energy transfer is found to arise from two effects: one involving non-local interactions between the resolved scales and disparate subgrid scales, the other involving local interactions between the resolved and subgrid scales near the cutoff. The former gives rise to a positive, wavenumber-independent eddy-viscosity distribution in the spectral space, and is manifested as low-intensity, forward transfers of energy in the physical space. The latter gives rise to positive and negative cusps in the spectral eddy-viscosity distribution near the cutoff, and appears as intense and coherent regions of forward and reverse transfer of energy in the physical space. Only a narrow band of subgrid wavenumbers, on the order of a fraction of an octave, make the dominant contributions to the latter. A dynamic two-component subgrid-scale model (DTM), incorporating these effects, is proposed. In this model, the non-local forward transfers of energy are parameterized using an eddy-viscosity term, while the local interactions are modelled using the dynamics of the resolved scales near the cutoff. The model naturally accounts for backscatter and correctly predicts the breakdown of the net transfer into forward and reverse contributions in a priori tests. The inclusion of the local-interactions term in DTM significantly reduces the variability of the model coefficient compared to that in pure eddy-viscosity models. This eliminates the need for averaging the model coefficient, making DTM well-suited to computations of complex-geometry flows. The proposed model is evaluated in LES of transitional and turbulent jet and channel flows. The results show DTM provides more accurate predictions of the statistics, structure, and spectra than dynamic eddy-viscosity models and remains robust at marginal LES resolutions.
Understanding electron attachment to the DNA double helix: the thymidine monophosphate-adenine pair in the gas phase and aqueous solution.

Electron attachment to the 2‘-deoxythymidine-5‘-monophosphate-adenine pairs (5‘-dTMPH−A and 5‘-dTMP-−A) has been investigated at a carefully calibrated level of theory (B3LYP/DZP++) to investigate the electron-accepting properties of thymine (T) in the DNA double helix under physiological conditions. All molecular structures have been fully optimized in vacuo and in solution. The adiabatic electron affinity of 5‘-dTMPH−A in the gas phase has been predicted to be 0.67 eV. Solvent effects greatly increase the electron capture ability of 5‘-dTMPH−A. In fact, the adiabatic electron affinity increases to 2.04 eV with solvation. The influence of the solvent environment on the electron-attracting properties of 5‘-dTMPH−A arises not only from the stabilization of the corresponding radical anion through charge−dipole interactions, but also by changing the distribution of the unpaired electron in the molecular system. The unpaired electron is covalently bound even during vertical attachment, due to the solvent effe...
Relationships Between Sire Proofs

Summary Correlations were obtained between nonartificial insemination (A.I.) daughter-dam comparisons, A.I. daughter-dam comparisons, non-A.I. herd-mate comparisons, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) A.I. daughter herd-mate differences, and the Cornell daughter level. It was found that non-A.I. herd-mate comparisons were more effective in predicting future production of daughters under A.I. conditions than were non-A.I. daughter-dam comparisons. Using the Cornell daughter-level figures, corrected for numbers, it was shown that non-A.I. daughter-dam comparisons on 40 pairs was equivalent to the information on two or three A.I. daughters in different herds. Under similar conditions the information from 48 natural service herd-mate comparisons was equivalent to the information from 9 to 13 A.I. daughters. It was concluded that non-A.I. herd-mate comparisons are of much higher value than non-A.I. daughter-dam comparisons in evaluating the daughters of a bull. The non-A.I. herd-mate comparison would need to be regressed further to correct for numbers than the A.I. herd-mates, so as to give as good an estimate of production of future daughters.
Electron beam technology-SEM to microcolumn

As a continued effort to improve the performance of low energy scanning electron probe systems for application in microscopy, lithography, metrology, etc., miniaturized electron beam columns, approximately 3 mm in length, demonstrating a probe size of 10 nm with a beam current of >=1 nA at 1 keV, have been successfully developed. This paper presents current status, future directions and potential applications of these microcolumns.
Mass Transfer at a Microelectrode in Channel Flow

Several recent papers have been devoted to numerical analysis of mass transfer from rectangular microband or circular microdisk electrodes placed in a parabolic channel flow. The numerical calculations typically show good agreement with experimental results. Frequently, the geometry and flow conditions are such that all the mass transfer occurs in a thin layer adjacent to the electrode, and such confinement simplifies the characterization of the transport to the problem of mass transfer in a shear flow. Analytical formulas are available for strip-shaped and disk-shaped geometries for both low and high Peclet numbers (the dimensionless wall shear rate) and are shown here to be in good agreement with the published experimental electrochemical results.