cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of crystalline molecular complexes of the {[C5H3(SiMe3)2]3Th}1− anion containing thorium in the formal +2 oxidation state

Reduction of the Th3+ complex Cp′′3Th, 1 [Cp′′ = C5H3(SiMe3)2], with potassium graphite in THF in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand generates [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp′′3Th], 2, a complex containing thorium in the formal +2 oxidation state. Reaction of 1 with KC8 in the presence of 18-crown-6 generates the analogous Th2+ compound, [K(18-crown-6)(THF)2][Cp′′3Th], 3. Complexes 2 and 3 form dark green solutions in THF with e = 23 000 M−1 cm−1, but crystallize as dichroic dark blue/red crystals. X-ray crystallography revealed that the anions in 2 and 3 have trigonal planar coordination geometries, with 2.521 and 2.525 A Th–(Cp′′ ring centroid) distances, respectively, equivalent to the 2.520 A distance measured in 1. Density functional theory analysis of (Cp′′3Th)1− is consistent with a 6d2 ground state, the first example of this transition metal electron configuration. Complex 3 reacts as a two-electron reductant with cyclooctatetraene to make Cp′′2Th(C8H8), 4, and [K(18-crown-6)]Cp′′.
Midlatency auditory evoked responses in schizophrenia

The auditory evoked component P50 has been reported as having an abnormal recovery cycle in patients with schizophrenia. Recent studies examining the effects of stimulus rate on the midlatency response (MLR) component P1, found P1 recovery cycles in normals similar to P50. This study examined the P1 recovery cycle in patients using a rate protocol and MLR recording procedures. MLRs were recorded from 13 controls and 13 patients with schizophrenia in response to binaurally presented clicks presented at three stimulus rates: 0.9/sec, 5.1/sec, and 9.9/sec. The P1 (50-70 msec latency) in patients did not decrease as much in amplitude as in controls at the 9.9/sec stimulus rate. This lack of recovery was correlated with clinical ratings of symptomatology. Since evidence from both the human and the cat model suggests that the P1 is generated in thalamus, these findings are consistent with reports of thalamic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Maximum likelihood estimation of multiple-bond kinetics from single-molecule pulling experiments

Kinetic parameters associated with bond dissociation have been identified from experiments in which mechanical forces exerted by atomic force microscopy or laser tweezers are used to break bonds in single molecules. Analysis of a single-bond microscopic model indicates that the breakage frequency distribution is most sensitive to the value of the distance to the free-energy minimum barrier and least sensitive to the molecular spring constant. This analysis plus limitations in the single-bond microscopic model motivate a double-bond microscopic model that requires only one additional kinetic parameter. In single-molecule experiments for the neural cellular adhesion molecule (NCAM), the doublebond microscopic model can more accurately describe the breakage frequency distribution for both high and low values of the applied force, which is consistent with the molecular structure of the NCAM determined by a surface force apparatus. This provides a systematic procedure for gaining information on the molecular structure of single molecules by analyzing breakage frequency distributions measured during single-molecule pulling experiments.
Fire effects on temperate forest soil C and N storage

Temperate forest soils store globally significant amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Understanding how soil pools of these two elements change in response to disturbance and management is critical to maintaining ecosystem services such as forest productivity, greenhouse gas mitigation, and water resource protection. Fire is one of the principal disturbances acting on forest soil C and N storage and is also the subject of enormous management efforts. In the present article, we use meta-analysis to quantify fire effects on temperate forest soil C and N storage. Across a combined total of 468 soil C and N response ratios from 57 publications (concentrations and pool sizes), fire had significant overall effects on soil C (-26%) and soil N (-22%). The impacts of fire on forest floors were significantly different from its effects on mineral soils. Fires reduced forest floor C and N storage (pool sizes only) by an average of 59% and 50%, respectively, but the concentrations of these two elements did not change. Prescribed fires caused smaller reductions in forest floor C and N storage (-46% and -35%) than wildfires (-67% and -69%), and the presence of hardwoods also mitigated fire impacts. Burned forest floors recovered their C and N pools in an average of 128 and 103 years, respectively. Among mineral soils, there were no significant changes in C or N storage, but C and N concentrations declined significantly (-11% and -12%, respectively). Mineral soil C and N concentrations were significantly affected by fire type, with no change following prescribed burns, but significant reductions in response to wildfires. Geographic variation in fire effects on mineral soil C and N storage underscores the need for region-specific fire management plans, and the role of fire type in mediating C and N shifts (especially in the forest floor) indicates that averting wildfires through prescribed burning is desirable from a soils perspective.
Contemporary issues in human factors and aviation safety

Contemporary Issues in Human Factors and Aviation Safety, edited by Don Harris and Helen C. Muir, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Hampshire, UK, 2005, pp. 324, £49.50, hardback (ISBN 0 7546 4549 5)....
Packaging Liquidity: Blind Auctions and Transaction Efficiencies

The costs of implementing investment strategies represent a significant drag on the per formance of mutual funds and other institutional investors. It is the responsibility of in stitutional investors, and in the interests of the individual investors they represent, to seek market mechanisms that mitigate trading costs. We investigate an example of one such liquidity provision mechanism whereby liquidity demanders auction a set of trades as a package directly to potential liquidity providers. A critical feature of the auction is that the identities of the securities in the package are not revealed to the bidder. We demon strate that this mechanism provides a transactions cost savings relative to more traditional trading mechanisms for the liquidity demander as well as an efficient way for liquidity suppliers to obtain order flow. We argue that the cost savings afforded this new mechanism are due to the potential for low cost crosses with the bidder's existing inventory positions and through the longer trading horizon, and superior trading ability, of the bidders. This research suggests that the ability to innovate via new liquidity provision mechanisms can provide market participants with transaction cost savings that cannot be easily duplicated on more traditional exchanges.
Indications and future directions for upper limb neuroprostheses in tetraplegic patients: a review

The development of the upper extremity neuroprosthesis has been a challenging and rewarding contribution to the management of the SCI patient. The authors' experience and that of their clinical trial teams has verified that this technology is a strong alternative to conventional reconstruction and conservative management. In the future, even more powerful tools will emerge from the laboratory as these devices and collaborative surgical procedures evolve.
An elastically stretchable TFT circuit

An elastically stretchable, skin-like transistor circuit is demonstrated. The circuit is built on an elastomeric substrate patterned with stretchable gold film interconnects. Inverters were made by surface-mounting flexible amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors on the elastomeric substrate. The electrical performance of the inverters was evaluated prior to, during, and after uni-axial stretching by up to 12%. Performance in the relaxed state before and after stretching was identical. Small changes in circuit performance were seen in the stretched state. This first elastic transistor circuit demonstrates the functionality of stretchable interconnects, and the feasibility of fabricating active circuits on electronic skin.
Kinetics of Sulfur Oxide, Sulfur Fluoride, and Sulfur Oxyfluoride Anions with Ozone

Rate constants and product branching ratios were measured for eleven sulfur oxide, sulfur fluoride, and sulfur oxyfluoride anions reacting with O3. The SO− 2 ion reacts rapidly to form –O− 3, SO− 3, and e−. The temperature dependence of the branching ratio shows more reactive detachment and less SO− 3 formation at higher temperature. SO− 3 reacts with O3, forming SO− 4 at 1/3 to 1/4 of the collisional rate from 200 to 500 K, respectively. At 300 K, SF− 6 charge transfers to O3 at 20% of the collisional rate. F2SO− 2 reacts with O3 at a few percent of the collision rate, forming both O− 3 and FSO− 3; The ion F3SO− reacts slowly with O3 to form F3SO− 2. The ions SO− 4, SF− 5, FSO− 2, FSO− 3, F3SO−, and F5SO− are unreactive with O3. A trend is noted relating the ion reactivity with the coordination of the central sulfur atom, i.e., the number of S–F bonds plus two times the number of S=O bonds. Only ions with a sulfur coordination of 4 or 6 are reactive, although the reaction rate constants are generally small. The reactivity trends appear to be partially explained by spin conservation. These reactions are all sufficiently slow, so O3 reactions should not play a major role in SF6/O2 discharges. All ions studied have been found to be unreactive with O2.
Prolactin as a goitrogenic agent in amphibia.

The nature of the inhibitory action of mammalian prolactin on the development of bullfrog tadpoles was investigated. Tadpoles injected ip with 20 μg of thyroxine (T4) and 2 or 4 mg of ovine prolactin (NIH-P-S-7) underwent metamorphic changes in parallel with T4-injected controls. By contrast, tadpoles injected with 4 IU of bovine thyrotropic hormone (TSH) and either 4.0 or 0.4 mg of prolactin entered into developmental stasis after showing early signs of metamorphic climax, while TSH-injected controlscontrols completed the various metamorphic steps, including tail resorption. Histological examination of the thyroids of animals treated with both TSH and prolactin revealed an extremely high degree of hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with more pronounced depletion of the colloid than in TSH-injected controls. It is concluded that in these experiments prolactin acts at the level of the thyroid and that it has goitrogenic properties. (Endocrinology 81: 748, 1967)
The Northwest Public Health Information Exchange’s Accomplishments in Connecting a Health Information Exchange with Public Health

In 2007 the CDC issued a Request for Proposal for the “Situational Awareness through Health Information Exchange” project. The Situational Awareness project’s goals are to connect public health with health information exchanges (HIEs) to improve public health’s real-time understanding of communities’ population health and healthcare facility status. During this same time period the Health and Human Services’ Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology released several reports identifying the growing number of communities involved in health information exchange and outlining the requirements for a Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). CDC saw the possibilities of using HIEs and the NHIN to accelerate the real-time sharing of clinical and facility-based resource utilization information to enhance local, state, regional, and federal public health in responding to and managing potentially catastrophic infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies. HIEs would provide a unified view of a patient across health care providers and would serve as data collection points for clinical and resource utilization data while NHIN services and standards would be used to capture HIE data of importance and send those data to public health. This article discusses how automated syndromic surveillance data feeds have proven more stable and representative than existing surveillance data feeds and summarizes other accomplishments of the Northwest Public Health Information Exchange in its contribution to the advancement of the National agenda for sharing interoperable health information with public health.
Synthesis of Reversible Circuits with No Ancilla Bits for Large Reversible Functions Specified with Bit Equations

This paper presents a new algorithm MP(multiple pass) to synthesize large reversible binary circuits without ancilla bits. The MMD algorithm requires to store a truth table (or a Reed-Muller -RM transform) as a 2^n vector for a reversible function of n variables. This representation prohibits synthesis of large functions. However, in MP we do not store such an exponentially growing data structure. The values of minterms are calculated in MP dynamically, one-by-one, from a set of logic equations that specify the reversible circuit to be designed. This allows for synthesis of large scale reversible circuits (30-bits), which is not possible with existing algorithms. In addition, our unique multipass approach where the circuit is synthesized with various, yet specific, minterm orders yields optimal solution. The algorithm returns a description of the optimal circuit with respect to gate count or quantum cost. Although the synthesis process is relatively slower, the solution is found in real-time for smaller circuits of 8 bits or less
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT FUEL CELL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE BASED ON A DYNAMIC REACTANT FLOW MODEL

Fuel cell stack systems are under intensive development by several manufacturers since they complement heat engines and reduce the ubiquitous dependence on fossil fuels and thus have significant environmental and national security implications. To compete with ICE engines, however, fuel cell system must operate and function at least as well as conventional engines. Transient behavior is on of the key requirements for the success of fuel cell vehicles. The fuel cell system power response depends on the air and hydrogen feed, flow and pressure regulation, and heat and water management. During transient, the fuel cell stack control system is required to maintain optimal temperature, membrane hydration, and partial pressure of the reactants across the membrane in order to avoid degradation of the stack voltage, and thus, efficiency reduction. In this paper, we developed a fuel cell system dynamic model suitable for control study. The transient phenomena captured in the model include the flow characteristics and inertia dynamics of the compressor, the manifold filling dynamics (both anode and cathode), and consequently, the time-evolving reactant partial pressures, and membrane humidity. The effects of varying oxygen concentration and membrane humidity on the fuel cell voltage were included. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the model capability.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Förderung der Arbeitssicherheit im Betrieb des Artikels: «Förderung der Arbeitssicherheit im Betrieb»

Einleitend wird anhand der Zahlen uber das Unfallgeschehen und dessen wirtschaftliche Bedeutung in der Schweiz sowie der ethischen und sozialen Folgen der Berufsunfalle und Berufskrankheiten die Notwendigkeit einer systematischen und effizienten Forderung der Arbeitssicherheit dargelegt.
Two Cheers for Justice O’Connor

This essay examines the judicial record of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor with respect to the constitutional rights of property owners, and argues that her property jurisprudence was an assortment of different and contradictory elements. Although O'Connor helped property rights to make a modest comeback in constitutional law, her overall voting pattern was ambivalent and left ample room for the regulatory state. The essay gives particular attention to O'Connor's opinion addressing the "public use" requirement of the Fifth Amendment, and questions whether her seemingly inconsistent positions in Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff and Kelo v. City of New London can be reconciled. The essay concludes that, given her penchant for ad hoc decision making, O'Connor never developed a consistent or muscular approach to property rights.
CS proofs

This paper puts forward a computationally-based notion of proof and explores its implications to computation at large. In particular, given a random oracle or a suitable cryptographic assumption, we show that every computation possesses a short certificate vouching its correctness, and that, under a cryptographic assumption, any program for a /spl Nscr//spl Pscr/-complete problem is checkable in polynomial time. In addition, our work provides the beginnings of a theory of computational complexity that is based on "individual inputs" rather than languages. >
Robustness of Threshold-Based Feature Rankers with Data Sampling on Noisy and Imbalanced Data

Gene selection has become a vital component in the learning process when using high-dimensional gene expression data. Although extensive research has been done towards evaluating the performance of classifiers trained with the selected features, the stability of feature ranking techniques has received relatively little study. This work evaluates the robustness of eleven threshold-based feature selection techniques, examining the impact of data sampling and class noise on the stability of feature selection. To assess the robustness of feature selection techniques, we use four groups of gene expression datasets, employ eleven threshold-based feature rankers, and generate artificial class noise to better simulate real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that although no ranker consistently outperforms the others, MI and Dev show the best stability on average, while GI and PR show the least stability on average. Results also show that trying to balance datasets through data sampling has on average no positive impact on the stability of feature ranking techniques applied to those datasets. In addition, increased feature subset sizes improve stability, but only does so reliably for noisy datasets.
Cytogenetic studies of Poecilia (Pisces). II. Triploidy and DNA levels in naturally occurring populations associated with the gynogenetic Teleost, Poecilia formosa (Girard).

Natural populations of triploid females resembling the gynogenetic teleost, Poecilia formosa (Girard), occur in northeastern Mexico where they intermingle with diploid populations of this species and the members of congeneric bisexual species such as P. mexicana or P. latipinna. Mitotic configurations from gill epithelial cells show 46 chromosomes for the diploid fishes, but 69 chromosomes for members of the triploid clones associated with P. formosa. Triploid females have erythrocytes that are significantly larger than those from diploid specimens and also show a roughly 50% elevation in the average DNA content of their somatic nuclei. Similar analyses of two functionally incompetent males of P. formosa, of a number of bisexual F1 and F2 hybrid offpsring from P. latipinna x P. mexicana, and of females from several other poeciliid species consistently show only diploid DNA levels and somatic chromosome complements where 22N=46. Demonstration of cytogenetic criteria by which females from triploid clones may be clearly distinguished from sympatric diploid specimens of P. formosa or P. mexicana leaves unresolved, for the present, problems of an appropriate systematic designation for natural populations of triploid gynogenetic fishes. The role of sympatric speciation in the evolution of poeciliid genomes is discussed in terms of alternative mechanisms to account for the persistence in nature of a vertebrate triploid of hybrid origin.
Study on the determination of trace Cr(VI) in water by spectrometry with matrix dispersive solid phase extraction

Objective:To establish an analytical method for the determination of trace Cr(Ⅵ) in water by spectrometry with matrix dispersive solid phase extraction.Methods: Cr(Ⅵ) in water was enriched in amino-functionalized nano-Fe3O4 magnetic polymers,which were isolated under magnetic field and digested.Then the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) was determined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry by an external standard method.Results: The linearity of Cr(Ⅵ) in the tested concentration range was good and the correlation coefficients were all more than 0.9990.The limit of quantification was found to be 0.002 mg/L.The extraction recovery was between 90.4~109.0% and the RSDs were all less than 5.0%.Conclusion: This method was found to be simple,sensitive and accurate for the determination of Cr(Ⅵ) in water and it can be satisfactorily applied to the routine analysis.
Recent development and applications of combined QM/MM methods

Combined quantum mechanism and molecular mechanism (QM/MM) has gained increased use in the study of chemical reactions in solution and in enzymes. In this method, a large molecular system is partitioned into a quantum mechanical region and a molecular mechanical region, such that only a small part of the system is treated explicitly by quantum mechanics, but still retains the effects of the surrounding environment. Consequently, combined QM/MM methods take advantage of the accuracy of quantum mechanics and computational efficiency of molecular mechanics. In this paper, we describe recent progresses in the development of novel combined QM/MM techniques, and summarize results of several applications to condensed phase chemistry and enzymology.
Britain’s German Allies

The first Anglo-German partnerships to be examined are those with the key political powers within the Holy Roman Empire: Austria and Prussia. Whereas these military collaborations would see the greatest number of British and German forces operating in concert, a clear picture of the relations between the soldiers within these grand coalitions is surprisingly elusive, or at least unclear, in contrast to those with auxiliaries or integrated forces. The disjointed and often disparate nature of these coalitions would impact relationships and inform the writings of the soldier-authors who recorded their interactions and opinions. This chapter will discuss some of the features common to all forms of association, and highlight some of the themes that made the relations between these allies by no means as harmonious as their name would indicate.
Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: associations with risky drinking and functioning in high school

Background Mixing alcohol with energy drinks is associated with heavier drinking and related problems among college students. However, little is known about how high school drinkers who mix alcohol with energy drinks (AmED) compare to those who do not (AwoED). This study compares high school AmED and AwoED users on their alcohol use during middle and high school, as well as key domains of functioning in high school.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Function Is Augmented by Exposure to Prostaglandin E2.

Abstract Abstract 369 Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) comprise the base of the entire hematopoietic system and alone possess the ability to both self-renew and differentiate into all mature blood lineages, thereby maintaining immune function, tissue perfusion and hematopoietic homeostasis. HSCs are therapeutically valuable for the treatment of hematological malignances, immunodeficiencies and bone marrow failure. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 has been shown to enhance HSC engraftment in allogeneic murine transplantation models by our lab (North et al., Nature 2007) and others (Hoggatt et al., Blood 2009); PGE2 was additionally found to influence the balance of apoptosis and proliferation in the HSC population via modulation of wnt activity (Goessling et al., Cell 2009), and to modify CXCR4-responsive homing to the hematopoietic niche following transplantation (Hoggatt et al., Blood 2009). In order to translate the therapeutic potential of a stabilized version of PGE2, dmPGE2, we sought to determine the safety and efficacy of ex vivo dmPGE2 exposure in human cord blood (hCB) stem cells. Compared to matched control cord samples, no significant negative impact on hCB cell viability was observed following dmPGE2 treatment (10?M for 1 hour) using either fresh or frozen cord blood units; of note, the CD34+ stem and progenitor compartment seemed particularly able to tolerate the treatment protocol. To determine whether dmPGE2 treatment was not only safe, but potentially valuable for preserving hCB cell viability, apoptosis was measured by FACS analysis for 7AAD and AnnexinV in pooled CD34-enriched (CD34+) hCB samples treated in parallel with 1?M dmPGE2 or the vehicle control (DMSO); at 6 and 9 hours post exposure, cells treated with dmPGE2 showed a significant reduction in apoptosis compared to controls. Cell proliferation assays confirmed results seen in prior murine studies and demonstrated that dmPGE2 not only suppressed apoptosis, but enhanced HSC self-renewal. To determine if dmPGE2 exposure altered the functional characteristics of human cord blood samples, in vitro culture assays were conducted; pooled CD34+ samples were exposed over a time series (12 and 30 mins, 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours) to the vehicle control and dmPGE2 (1?M) then plated at limiting dilutions (2000, 800, 320). A significant 2-fold enhancement in total colony number (p Disclosures: Goessling: Fate Therapeutics: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties. Zon: FATE Inc: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Stemgent: Consultancy. North: Fate Therapeutics: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties.
Meteoric calcite cementation: diagenetic response to relative fall in sea-level and effect on porosity and permeability, Las Negras area, southeastern Spain

Abstract A dolomitized Upper Miocene carbonate system in southeast Spain contains extensive upper and lower zones of calcite cementation that cut across the stratigraphy. Cement textures including isopachous and circumgranular, which are consistent with phreatic-zone cementation. Cements in the upper cemented zone are non-luminescent, whereas those in the lower cemented zone exhibit multiple bands of luminescent and non-luminescent cements. In the upper cemented zone, isotopic data show two meteoric calcite lines (MCL) with mean δ 18 O at − 5.1‰ and − 5.8‰ VPDB, whereas no clear MCL is defined in the lower cemented zone where mean δ 18 O for calcite cement is at − 6.7‰ VPDB. δ 13 C values in both cement zones are predominantly negative, ranging from − 10 to + 2‰ VPDB, suggestive of carbon from soil gas or decayed organics. Measurements of Tm ice in primary fluid inclusions yield a mode of 0.0 °C in both zones, indicating calcite cementation from fresh water. These two zones define the positions of two different paleo-water tables that formed during a relative sea-level fall and erosional downcutting during the Plio-Pleistocene. The upper cemented zone pre-dated the lower cemented zone on the basis of known relative sea-level history. Meteoric calcite cementation reduced porosity and permeability, but measured values are inconsistent with simple filling of open pore space. Each texture, boundstone, grainstone, packstone, wackestone, produces a different relationship between percent calcite cement and porosity/permeability. Distribution of cements may be predictable on the basis of known sea-level history, and the effect of the cementation can be incorporated into subsurface geomodels by defining surfaces of rock boundaries that separate cemented zones from uncemented zones, and applying texture-specific relationships among cementation, porosity and permeability.
The politics of punctuation in Jacob’s Room and Between the Acts

ABSTRACTWhile much critical analysis explores modernist poets’ experiments with the printed page, the print innovations of prose writers have been largely overlooked. Punctuation offered many modernist novelists a way to engage visually with marginalised or non-normative experiences of embodiment; many chose to remove punctuation in order to minimise ‘obstructions’ or impediments for characters and readers, but Virginia Woolf instead employed specific marks and space breaks to divide and animate her novels’ printed spaces. This article demonstrates how the pages of Jacob’s Room and Between the Acts integrate punctuation and spacing into the novels’ fraught representations of disability and gender. While Jacob’s Room frames blank space as a narrative resource for grappling with the difficulty of representing the ‘unseizable’ components of embodied life, the parentheses and ellipses of Between the Acts visually mark the opacity and ambiguity of each character’s social performance, placing visible pressure o...
Migraine Subclassification via a Data‐Driven Automated Approach Using Multimodality Factor Mixture Modeling of Brain Structure Measurements

Background The current subclassification of migraine is according to headache frequency and aura status. The variability in migraine symptoms, disease course, and response to treatment suggest the presence of additional heterogeneity or subclasses within migraine. Objective The study objective was to subclassify migraine via a data-driven approach, identifying latent factors by jointly exploiting multiple sets of brain structural features obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Migraineurs (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 54) had brain MRI measurements of cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and volumes for 68 regions. A multimodality factor mixture model was used to subclassify MRIs and to determine the brain structural factors that most contributed to the subclassification. Clinical characteristics of subjects in each subgroup were compared. Results Automated MRI classification divided the subjects into two subgroups. Migraineurs in subgroup #1 had more severe allodynia symptoms during migraines (6.1 ± 5.3 vs. 3.6 ± 3.2, P = .03), more years with migraine (19.2 ± 11.3 years vs 13 ± 8.3 years, P = .01), and higher Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores (25 ± 22.9 vs 15.7 ± 12.2, P = .04). There were not differences in headache frequency or migraine aura status between the two subgroups. Conclusions Data-driven subclassification of brain MRIs based upon structural measurements identified two subgroups. Amongst migraineurs, the subgroups differed in allodynia symptom severity, years with migraine, and migraine-related disability. Since allodynia is associated with this imaging-based subclassification of migraine and prior publications suggest that allodynia impacts migraine treatment response and disease prognosis, future migraine diagnostic criteria could consider allodynia when defining migraine subgroups.
Excess Translation of Epigenetic Regulators Contributes to Fragile X Syndrome and Is Alleviated by Brd4 Inhibition

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism. FXS results from the loss of function of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which represses translation of target transcripts. Most of the well-characterized target transcripts of FMRP are synaptic proteins, yet targeting these proteins has not provided effective treatments. We examined a group of FMRP targets that encode transcriptional regulators, particularly chromatin-associated proteins. Loss of FMRP in mice results in widespread changes in chromatin regulation and aberrant gene expression. To determine if targeting epigenetic factors could reverse phenotypes associated with the disorder, we focused on Brd4, a BET protein and chromatin reader targeted by FMRP. Inhibition of Brd4 function alleviated many of the phenotypes associated with FXS. We conclude that loss of FMRP results in significant epigenetic misregulation and that targeting transcription via epigenetic regulators like Brd4 may provide new treatments for FXS.
Test point insertion for RSFQ circuits

A test point insertion technique for enhanced testability in superconductive RSFQ logic is proposed here. Test point insertion reduces the overhead of a set/scan chain while maintaining most of the functionality. The SFQ multiplexers are replaced with mergers and blocking gates. The multiplexer control signals are replaced with a gated clock signal. Clocked blocking gates are used to disable undesired data input. The proposed technique requires 35% fewer Josephson junctions as compared to multiplexers when applied to a 64-bit register. This technique can be utilized to evaluate error prone SFQ circuits and for built-in self-test of SFQ compatible memory systems.
Early Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction Due to Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis: The Role of Echocardiography

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to review the institutional practice of surveillance transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for diagnosing early prosthetic valve dysfunction (PVD). Background Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BPVT) is an important cause of PVD, and guidelines do not recommend routine TTE during the first 5 years after valve implantation. Methods The authors performed a retrospective case-control study of all suspected (imaging diagnosis) or confirmed (histopathological diagnosis) cases of BPVT from January 1997 through December 2016. Patients were matched 1:2 (age, sex, prosthesis position) to patients whose prostheses were explanted because of structural failure (SF). PVD was defined as a 50% increase above baseline gradient at valve implantation and classified as early (≤5 years) or late (>5 years) after implantation. Results There were 94 BPVT (51 suspected, 43 confirmed) and 188 SF cases; patient age 61 ± 9 years; men 61 (65%). The prosthesis positions were aortic 56%; mitral 26%; tricuspid 15%; and pulmonary 3%. Early PVD was more common in the BPVT versus SF group: 83 of 94 (88%) versus 20 of 188 (11%) (p Conclusions Most patients with PVD due to BPVT were asymptomatic at initial diagnosis, which was made based on routine surveillance TTE, often performed before 5 years. BPVT, an acute disease process, requires timely diagnosis because patient conditions rapidly deteriorate. Further studies are needed to determine whether routine surveillance TTE should be considered for patients with bioprosthetic valves to identify pre-symptomatic features of BPVT in order to provide effective, appropriate therapy.
Featuresim: feature-driven simulation for exploratory analysis with agent-based models

Complex simulations are often explained in terms of their features. However, the disconnect between such high-level analysis features and their ad hoc realization in a simulation program impedes effectively conducting exploratory analysis across the structural and representational space of the problem domain. Motivated by the significant role that exploratory analysis plays in computational discovery across a broad range of domains from scientific problem solving to policy analysis, a feature-driven simulation modeling strategy is introduced. The strategy leverages the concept of activity, agent, and feature algebras, allowing flexible run-time as well as design-time composition of agent-based simulation programs in terms of features.
Reexamining the factor structure of the test of gross motor development – second edition: Application of exploratory structural equation modeling

The Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2) is a widely used evaluation tool of children’s fundamental motor skills (FMS). This study illustrates how exploratory structural equati...
The Gentrifier's Dilemma: Narrative Strategies and Self–Justifications of Incoming Residents in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn:

This paper examines how gentrifiers negotiate tensions between the narratives of liberal progressivism they espouse and their role in neighborhood change. Through in–depth interviews with recent re...
The brain is the master organ in sexual function: central nervous system control of male and female sexual function.

SSI Grand Master Lecture 3 ‘The brain is the master organ in sexual function: Central nervous system control of male and female sexual function’
The Geometry Of Special Relativity

Introduction Newton's Relativity Einstein's Relativity The Physics of Special Relativity Observers and Measurement The Postulates of Special Relativity Time Dilation and Length Contraction Lorentz Transformations Addition of Velocities The Interval Circle Geometry Distance Trigonometry Triangle Trig Rotations Projections Addition Formulas Hyperbola Geometry Trigonometry Distance Triangle Trig Rotations Projections Addition Formulas The Geometry of Special Relativity The Surveyors Spacetime Diagrams Lorentz Transformations Space and Time Dot Product Applications Drawing Spacetime Diagrams Addition of Velocities Length Contraction Time Dilation Doppler Shift Problems I Practice The Getaway Angles are not Invariant Interstellar Travel Cosmic Rays Doppler Effect Paradoxes Special Relativity Paradoxes The Pole and Barn Paradox The Twin Paradox Manhole Covers Relativistic Mechanics Proper Time Velocity Conservation Laws Energy Useful Formulas Problems II Mass isn't Conserved Colliding Oarticles I Colliding Oarticles II Colliding Oarticles III Colliding Oarticles IV Relativistic Electromagnetism Magnetism from Electricity Lorentz Transformations Vectors Tensors The Electromagnetic Field Maxwell's Equations The Unification of Special Relativity Problems III Electricity vs. Magnetism I Electricity vs. Magnetism II Beyond Special Relativity Problems with Special Relativity Tidal Effects Differential Geometry General Relativity Uniform Acceleration and Black Holes Hyperbolic Geometry Non-Euclidean Geometry The Hyperboloid The Poincare Disk The Klein Disk The Pseudosphere Calculus Circle Trigonometry Hyperbolic Trigonometry Exponentials (and Logarithms) Bibliography
Magnesium alloys for lightweight powertrains and automotive bodies

Abstract: This chapter introduces magnesium, the lightest of the structural automotive metals. It provides an overview of alloy nomenclature and properties, and the major casting, sheet forming, and extrusion processes. Descriptions of automotive magnesium applications produced by each process are provided and there is a summary that describes the challenges in alloy and process development that need to be overcome if the magnesium content in automotive sub-system applications is to be increased.
Eyes on the Prize, Head in the Sand: Filling the Due Process Vacuum in Federally Administered Contests

The article introduces readers to the recent proliferation of federal prize contests, which sovereigns have employed, albeit sporadically, since the mid-sixteenth century to incentivize breakthrough innovation. In the past decade, the federal government’s use of prize contests has skyrocketed, which makes sense in an era of constrained government resources. Prize contests offer seemingly unlimited potential to break through existing technological barriers at less expense than traditional innovation incentivizing tools such as contracts, grants, and patents. But that upside potential comes at a cost. For every ebullient prizewinner, there are potentially innumerable “losers,” many of whom feel wronged, exploited, or, at worst, cheated by their government. Disgruntled contestants do not always walk away quietly. Although the government is zealously promoting prize contests, it is failing to provide any obvious means of obtaining due process - or any meaningful review - of agency administration of those contests. The article suggests that the government’s aggressive promotion of prize contests without anticipating and facilitating dispute resolution represents an exercise of head-in-the-sand denial. Accordingly, the article considers potential jurisdictional arguments that disappointed contestants may deploy to litigate prize disputes against the federal government. It also calls upon Congress to intervene to eliminate - or at least truncate - costly and inefficient jurisdictional litigation over prize contest disputes by mandating where and how prize contest disputes will be resolved.
Atomistic mechanism for vacancy-enhanced grain boundary migration

Mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials is intimately connected to migration of grain boundaries, which in turn is dramatically impacted by the presence of defects. In this paper, we present atomistic simulations to elucidate the elementary mechanism that dictates the role of vacancies in enhancing grain boundary migration via shear-coupled normal motion. The minimum energy pathway and the associated energy barriers are calculated using the nudged elastic band method. Fully three-dimensional atomistic simulations provide excellent verification of the three-dimensional disconnection model and furnish quantitative evidence that vacancies facilitate grain boundary migration by weakening the line tension of a disconnection loop. It is also revealed that vacancies serve as energetically favorable sites for the nucleation of grain boundary disconnections, thereby inducing shear-coupled grain boundary migration.
Total Body PET Patient Positioning for Optimal Diagnostic and Research Scans

3122 Objectives: PET/CT scans are utilized across the world for human and animal research, along with a myriad of clinical applications. Current singleConventional (~15-25 cm axial field of view) bed PET/CT scanners dominate theis landscape for human imaging; the next generation of scannershowever the, like uExplorer, utilize consecutive rings of detectors to create the world’s first Ttotal Bbody PET scanner, utilizes consecutive self-contained scanner units to create achieve an extremely long axial field of view (1.94 meters long). This paper will looks at the dual challenges associated with patient positioning for obtaining optimal PET and CT images. Methods: A total of 3018 PET/CT scans were acquired with a mix of research and clinical protocols. Images were analyzed visually by a radiologist; CT image review focused on chest/abdomen and head/neck areas. The CT data was evaluated for quality differences between scans with the patient’s arms up and down using “low” (140 kVp, 50 mAs; ~10 mSv) and “ultra-low” (140 kVp, 5 mAs; ~1 mSv) exposure protocols. Special emphasis was placed on reviewing the head and neck area on PET images. Transverse brain slices were compared between similar subjects within different units of the scanner. Input from the manufacturer regarding uExplorer’s sensitivity profile was considered. Also, patient comfort levels were probed by technologists before and after the scans which ranginged from 20 to 60 minutes apiecein duration. Results: Visually CT images present the most drastic quality differences between patients scanned with arms up, and those scanned with arms down. The extra mass of the arms introduces noise and artifacts, which degrades the quality of acquired images and accuracy of SUVs. While PET images do notw show apparent visual differences in quality, information from the sensitivity profile suggests the area of interest should be placed between the second and second-to-last units to obtain an optimal PET scan. Scans lasting an hour or more are best accomplished with patients’ arms down; even though CT image quality is compromised over the chest and abdomen, patient comfort allows long duration scanning without major motion artifacts in most cases. Conclusions: The optimal patient positioning will depend on the type of study being performed, length of scanning, and area of interest. For clinical F18 FDG scans, patients should be positioned arms up with head to thighs in the gantry iso-center. An arms down, whole body scan should be acquired if indicated (i.e. melanoma or lower extremity tumor involvement). Brain scans are best acquired with arms down, head in gantry iso-center. For research exams, mostly whole body techniques have been utilized so far, with patient’s arms up or down depending on scan duration, patient habitus, and injection considerations (delayed or flow dynamic study).
Association of pulse synchronous tinnitus and sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Abstract Purpose Pulse synchronous tinnitus (PT) is common in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and in those with sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities (SSWAs). Although patients with SSWAs and IIH share many clinical features, the incidence of SSWAs in patients with IIH and its relationship to PT in this cohort is less well established. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of SSWAs in patients with IIH and PT, and to determine if there is an association between SSWAs and PT in this population. Materials and methods Prospective computed tomography (CT) study of adults with IIH. Subjective PT was correlated with presence or absence of SSWAs on CT. Results 22 subjects were enrolled and 14 subsequently underwent CT. The incidence of SSWAs was significantly higher in subjects with PT than without (70% vs. 0%, p = 0.02). Mean age, BMI and opening pressures did not differ between those with and without SSWAs or PT. Conclusions There is a high incidence of SSWAs in subjects with IIH and PT. These findings support an association between SSWAs and PT, and implicate SSWAs as a possible cause of, or contributing factor to, PT in patients with IIH. Patients with IIH and PT that does not resolve with reducing intracranial pressure should undergo diagnostic CT and consider treatment of a SSWA if present.
Racial differences in the association of accelerated aging with future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study, 2007–2018

Variability of Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including racial difference, is not fully accounted for by the variability of traditional CVD risk factors. We used a multiple biomarker model as a...
A Modified Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence With Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Study:

Women with intellectual disabilities are at a greater risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. While there is a dearth of research dedicated to the treatment of this population expert...
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Non-Menstrual Pelvic Pain: Potential Pathways of Central Sensitization in Adolescents and Young Adults with and without Primary Dysmenorrhea.

Purpose Primary dysmenorrhea (PD; menstrual pain without an identified organic cause) has been proposed as a possible risk factor for the development of chronic pelvic pain, but the mechanism through which this process occurs is unknown. One possible mechanism is central sensitization – alterations in the central nervous system that increase responsiveness to pain leading to hypersensitivity. Repeated episodes of pain, such as those experienced over time with PD, may alter how the brain processes pain. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA; collection of data in real time in participants’ natural environments) is a novel data collection method that may help elucidate pain occurring during non-menstrual cycle phases. Patients and Methods The current observational study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of using EMA via text messages to collect pelvic pain data during menstrual and non-menstrual cycle phases in a community sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 16–24 years with and without PD and explored occurrence rates and intensity of non-menstrual pelvic pain (NMPP) in each of these groups. Results Thirty-nine AYA with PD and 53 healthy controls reported pelvic pain level via nightly text message. Global response rate was 98.5%, and all participants reported that the EMA protocol was acceptable. AYA with PD reported higher intensity (2.0 vs 1.6 on 0–10 numeric rating scale; p=0.003) and frequency (8.7% vs 3.1% of days; p=0.004) of NMPP compared to healthy controls. Conclusion The EMA protocol was feasible and acceptable. Though both the intensity and frequency of NMPP were low and at levels that would not typically warrant clinical assessment or intervention, these repeated nociceptive events may represent a potential mechanism contributing to the transition from cyclical to chronic pelvic pain in some individuals.