cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Snapshot of Active Flow Control Research at NASA Langley

NASA Langley is aggressively investigating the potential advantages of active flow control as opposed to more traditional aerodynamic techniques. Many of these techniques will be blended with advanced materials and structures to further enhance payoff. Therefore a multi-disciplinary approach to technology development is being attempted that includes researchers from the more historical disciplines of fluid mechanics. acoustics, material science, structural mechanics, and control theory. The overall goals of the topics presented are focused on advancing the state of knowledge and understanding of controllable fundamental mechanisms in fluids rather than on specific engineering problems. An organizational view of current research activities at NASA Langley in active flow control as supported by several programs such as the Morphing Project under Breakthrough Vehicle Technologies Program (BVT). the Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology Program (UEET), and the 21st Century Aircraft Technology Program (TCAT) is presented. On-center research as well as NASA Langley funded contracts and grants are discussed at a relatively high level. The products of this research, as part of the fundamental NASA R and D (research and development) program. will be demonstrated as either bench-top experiments, wind-tunnel investigations, or in flight tests. Later they will be transferred to more applied research programs within NASA, DOD (Department of Defense), and U.S. industry.
Attachment, relationship maintenance, and stress in long distance and geographically close romantic relationships

This study investigated attachment, maintenance behaviors, and stress in long distance (LDR) and geographically close (GCR) romantic relationships. Data was analyzed from participants (N = 473) who were in a serious romantic relationship and who completed two attachment measures, two maintenance behaviors measures, and a perceived global stress measure. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant attachment style and significant LDR/GCR differences for some maintenance behaviors. Two hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that different attachment and maintenance behaviors contributed uniquely to perceived global stress in LDRs and in GCRs. Research and counseling implications are briefly discussed.
Interpersonal conflict interaction: An examination of verbal defense of self

The purpose of this investigation was to examine defensive verbal communication behaviors that occur at observer perceived levels of interpersonal conflict intensity. Conflict was defined as an interaction that occurs when salient values are challenged. Communication behavior in conflict was conceptualized as behavior to defend self. Videotapes of 37 dyadic conflict interactions were collected and coded. Three levels of conflict interaction intensity were examined. Two major categories of verbal defensive behaviors were observed: (1) agreement‐disagreement; and (2) measures of verbal intensity. In general, a positive relationship was found between observer perceived level of conflict intensity and amount of defensive behavior.
Free trade, fair trade, strategic trade, and protectionism in the U.S. Congress, 1987–88

What conditions led the One Hundredth Congress of the United States to enact fair trade and strategic trade policies into law during 1987-88? Political partisanship is an important force, with Democrats supporting and Republicans opposing all types of trade intervention. Otherwise, the coalitions of support for and opposition to the various trade policies differ, particularly in the Senate. In that body, international business is associated with support for fair trade policies and with opposition to classical protectionism, while domestic U.S. business is associated with support for classical protectionism. Liberalism is strongly associated with support for fair and strategic trade policies but is not associated with classical protectionism. In the House of Representatives, the long-standing protectionist coalition remains an influence. Few forces in support of free trade remain in U.S. politics. Changing international market conditions rapidly affect the making of U.S. trade policy.
Compact mixer-based 1-12 GHz reflectometer

Compact, broadband, and low-cost reflectometry is important for array-based microwave imaging and sensing applications in biology and medicine. To achieve broadband performance, we use cascaded bridged-T attenuators incorporating mixers to replace directional couplers in a new reflectometer design. In this letter, we present the design of the reflectometer and the associated calibration technique. We evaluate the performance of the reflectometer in characterizing two different load impedances and compare results favorably with those of a commercial vector network analyzer.
The sleep of co‐sleeping infants when they are not co‐sleeping: Evidence that co‐sleeping is stressful

Co-sleeping proponents consider the practice to be "natural" and a potential protection against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); others consider the practice of an infant sleeping in the parents' bed for prolonged periods at night to place an infant at risk for harm or death. For this study, co-sleeping was investigated from a different perspective, that is, as a significant early experience to investigate as it may have implications for the infant's development. The sleep of 101 normal, full-term infants was recorded nonintrusively in the home for 24 hr periods when they were 5 weeks and 6 months old. Infants were assigned to three groups: short-term co-sleepers, long-term co-sleepers, and non-co-sleepers. Their sleep states and wakefulness were compared at the two ages and over age. At 5 weeks and 6 months, the long-term co-sleeping infants differed significantly from the non-co-sleepers on a number of measures: At 5 weeks, they showed more quiet sleep and longer bouts of quiet sleep; and at 6 months, they also showed less active sleep, fewer arousals in active sleep, and less wakefulness. Each of these differences indicates a markedly lower arousal level in the long-term co-sleeping infants. This sleep pattern has been repeatedly found to be an indicator of stress. We infer that a major source of stress for these infants is the experience of sleep disturbance documented for infants when they were co-sleeping. Based on extensive evidence for long-term effects of early stress, we conclude that co-sleeping should have significant implications for infants' neurobehavioral development.
Service Information Hub for Service Lifecycle Management: A Progress Report

Service information hub is an initiative by IBM Watson Research to fundamentally transform services life-cycle management (SLM) through end-to-end closed-loop control between SLM phases. Service information hub provides information management capabilities for SLM. The service information hub is much more than a data storage architecture, it is aimed for supporting end-to-end service lifecycle management via integrated information framework with value-add information and analytics services. In this paper, we will discuss what service information hub is and how service information hub addresses the challenges in the large scale service lifecycle management.
Association between thyroxine levels at birth and choanal atresia or stenosis among infants in Texas, 2004-2007.

levels at birth was obtained from the Texas NewbornScreening Program. Controls (n 5 3570) were drawn from unaffected births in Texas for the same period andfrequency matched to cases (n 5 69) on year of birth, then linked to the newborn screening database. Logisticregression was used to evaluate the association between continuous and categorical infant T
BRANCHIAL Na + /K + -ATPase AND OSMOREGULATION IN THE ISOPOD, IDOTEA WOSNESENSKII

Pleopod Na + /K + -ATPase enzyme specific activity (ESA) and osmoregulatory performance were measured in isopods acclimated for 12–14 days in 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% sea water (SW). The animal was 63–65 mosmol kg −1 hyperosmotic to the medium in 100% and 75% SW, 214 mosmol kg −1 hyperosmotic in 50% SW and 239 mosmol kg −1 hyperosmotic in 25% SW. The five pairs of pleopods are biramous but are not similar. The two anterior pairs do not stain with silver, have low and unchanging ESA, are smaller and more rigid than the three posterior pairs and are used for swimming. The posterior three pairs are thinner and more flexible; their endopodites stain with silver and have fivefold higher ESA than their exopodites or the front two pleopods. Only the endopodites of the posterior three pleopods showed large (twofold) increases in ESA in animals acclimated in dilute media. The time course of acclimation from 100% to 50% SW was measured: osmotic equilibrium occurred after 1 day; posterior endopodite ESA was elevated after 1 day and was fully activated after 3 days. Ablation of the endopodites of the posterior three pleopods eliminated the animal9s ability to hyperosmoregulate in 50% SW; ablation of the exopodites of the same appendages or of both rami of the first two pairs of pleopods had no significant effect on osmoregulation. Thus, the endopodites of the posterior three pleopods of I. wosnesenskii are the sites of inward ion transport in dilute media.
Mn-Substituted Goethite and Fe-Substituted Groutite Synthesized At Acid pH1

Ahstract--Mn-substituted iron oxides were synthesized by coprecipitating Fe(NO3)3 and Mn(SO4) solutions with NH4OH, adjusting the suspensions to pH 4 or 6, and then keeping the suspensions at 55~ for 62 days. The Mn mole fraction of the final products ranged from 0 to 0.3. X-ray powder diffraction patterns showed that goethite and hematite formed in each Fe-containing system. Groutite formed in systems having initial Mn mole fractions ->0.35. Only manganite and hausmannite formed in the pure Mn systems. The oxalate-soluble Fe in the samples increased as the Mn mole fraction increased and was slightly larger for the pH 6 series. For samples that contained the largest Mn mole fraction, the b and c dimensions of the goethite unit cell were shifted toward those ofgroutite, and the b and c dimensions of the groutite unit cell were shifted toward those of goethite. Assuming the Vegard rule holds for the unit-cell c dimension, the goethite accommodated a maximum Mn mole fraction of 0.34, and the groutite accommodated a maximum Fe mole fraction of 0.31. The unit-cell dimensions of hematite did not vary systematically with the mole fraction of Mn in solution, probably because little Mn substituted into the hematite structure.
Physics Metacognition Inventory Part II: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis

The Physics Metacognition Inventory was developed to measure physics students’ metacognition for problem solving. In one of our earlier studies, an exploratory factor analysis provided evidence of preliminary construct validity, revealing six components of students’ metacognition when solving physics problems including knowledge of cognition, planning, monitoring, evaluation, debugging, and information management. The college students’ scores on the inventory were found to be reliable and related to students’ physics motivation and physics grade. However, the results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the questionnaire could be revised to improve its construct validity. The goal of this study was to revise the questionnaire and establish its construct validity through a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, a Rasch analysis was applied to the data to better understand the psychometric properties of the inventory and to further evaluate the construct validity. Results indicated that the...
Thermal dehydration-induced thirst in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to either 25 or 37.5°C for 3.5 h, and their thermal and water balance responses were compared. After exposure, either a blood sample was obtained or the rats were allowed to rehydrate for 4 h. SH rats had both higher core temperatures and evaporative water losses during heat exposure. Measurements of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, plasma protein and sodium concentrations, and plasma osmolality indirectly showed that the SH rats were dehydrated relative to the WKY rats after exposure to either 25 or 37.5°C. SH rats drank significantly more water but also had significantly higher urine volumes than the WKY rats and thus rehydrated only slightly better than the WKY rats. SH and WKY rats had similar levels of water intake and urine output after 24 h of water deprivation. The elevated thermal response of SH rats to heat exposure does not appear to lead to uncompensatable changes in body water status.
Optimizing Transmission Lengths for Limited Feedback With Nonbinary LDPC Examples

This paper presents a general approach for optimizing the number of symbols in increments (packets of incremental redundancy) in a feedback communication system with a limited number of increments. This approach is based on a tight normal approximation on the rate for successful decoding. Applying this approach to a variety of feedback systems using nonbinary (NB) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes shows that greater than 90% of capacity can be achieved with average blocklengths fewer than 500 transmitted bits. One result is that the performance with ten increments closely approaches the performance with an infinite number of increments. The paper focuses on binary-input additive-white Gaussian noise (BI-AWGN) channels but also demonstrates that the normal approximation works well on examples of fading channels as well as high-SNR AWGN channels that require larger QAM constellations. This paper explores both variable-length feedback codes with termination (VLFT) and the more practical variable length feedback (VLF) codes without termination that require no assumption of noiseless transmitter confirmation. For VLF, we consider both a two-phase scheme and CRC-based scheme.
Multitapered power spectral density estimation for co-prime sensor arrays

Thomson's multitaper method reduces the variance of power spectral density (PSD) estimates by averaging measurements weighted by orthogonal tapers at the expense of resolution. Co-prime sensing arrays match the resolution of a uniform linear array using fewer sensors by coherently combining interleaved spatially under-sampled subarrays for spatial PSD estimation. This research proposes an algorithm that combines both techniques to compute a spatial PSD estimate with reduced variance with respect to the traditional co-prime sensing array but still uses fewer sensors than a uniform linear array. A multitapered co-prime sensing array reduces variance proportional to the number of tapers used and reduces sensors by at least 33%.
Structural reconstruction and age of an extensionally faulted porphyry molybdenum system at Spruce Mountain, Elko County, Nevada

This study integrates a cross-sectional restoration of normal faults and porphyry-related hydrothermal alteration zones with six new U-Pb zircon dates to constrain the ages of mineralization and large-magnitude Cenozoic extension at Spruce Mountain, northeastern Nevada (USA). Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and sparse rhyolitic intrusive rocks host a porphyry molybdenum deposit dated as ca. 38 Ma that contains associated skarn, carbonate replacements, fissure veins, and jasperoid. At least six crosscutting sets of normal faults with variable dip directions (east, west, and north) and angles ( 60°) are identified at Spruce Mountain, reflecting overprinting phases of extension. Based on the restored cross section, normal faulting at Spruce Mountain resulted in ∼6.9 km (120%) of total extension and ∼35° of net eastward tilting. The first four fault sets, late Eocene (ca. 38 Ma) or older, collectively accommodate most of the total extension (∼5.4 km). Later faults probably were active in the Miocene and Quaternary. All restored faults had initial dips of 45° or greater, and the restored preextensional structure of Spruce Mountain consists of west-vergent folds and gentle westward dips of Paleozoic rocks. Spruce Mountain is classified as a rhyolitic porphyry Mo or Climax-type deposit, with extensive skarn. Eocene rhyolite porphyry dikes associated with porphyry Mo mineralization locally intrude the early generations of normal faults at Spruce Mountain. However, many normal faults also postdate molybdenum mineralization and have partially dismembered the system. Cross-sectional restoration of the postmineralization faulting suggests that the original deposit had an ∼6 km long by ∼3 km deep elliptical pattern with carbonate replacement deposits surrounding skarn.
Living with Bálint's: A Descriptive, Narrative Account of Two Patients' Adaptations to Living with a Rare and Disabling Visuoperceptual Disorder (P02.036)

Objective: To provide a descriptive, narrative account of two patients9 own experiences with Balint syndrome due to bilateral posterior hemispheric ischemic strokes, and to familiarize clinicians and therapists with the functional impairments and subsequent adaptations. Background Balint syndrome is a rare and debilitating neurological disorder characterized by optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, and simultanagnosia. It is typically caused by bilateral parieto-occipital lesions in the convexity of the hemispheres. Design/Methods: We examine the progression from onset to diagnosis and finally ongoing adaptation to the daily difficulties of living with Balint syndrome for two patients (AS, female, age 68; and JD, male, age 66). Results: AS initially believed her symptoms were due to an ocular problem, prompting her to seek first consultation with an ophthalmologist. After subsequent neurological consult resulted in proper diagnosis and patient education, AS began to implement a variety of environmental home adaptations. She maintained spatial awareness by keeping in constant contact with bathroom fixtures while attending to her activities of daily living, and by eating with her hands in place of utensils. AS also compensated for her simultanagnosia by placing colored tape around household objects to indicate object type, and for her ocular apraxia by listening to books on tape. Soon after receiving his diagnosis of Balint syndrome, JD began to relearn basic tasks such as dressing himself and brushing his teeth. Unable to track moving objects, JD performs horizontal pursuit by rotating his head. As his strokes were more recent than AS9s, most of JD9s practical adaptations are still caretaker-centered. JD is also struggling with labile and depressed moods. Conclusions: We report two cases of Balint syndrome from the patients9 perspective and describe the impairments and ongoing adaptations accompanying the disorder. The patient9s perspective is critical in terms of developing specific rehabilitation research strategies of the visuo-perceptual disorders in Balint syndrome. Disclosure: Dr. Cuomo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Flaster has nothing to disclose. Dr. Biller has nothing to disclose.
“One Size Doesn’t Fit All”—Partners in Hospice Care, an Individualized Approach to Bereavement Intervention

We concluded in a recent study that a "one size fits all" approach typical of group interventions often does not adequately accommodate the range of situations, life experiences, and current needs of participants. We describe how this limitation informed the design and implementation of an individually-delivered intervention format more specifically tailored to the unique needs of each bereaved person. The intervention comprises one of three interrelated studies within Partners in Hospice Care (PHC), which examines the trajectory from end-of-life care through bereavement among cancer caregivers using hospice. The PHC intervention employs an initial needs assessment in order to tailor the session content, delivery, and sequencing to the most pressing, yet highly diverse needs of the bereaved spouses/partners. Although an individually-delivered format has its own challenges, these can be effectively addressed through standardized interventionist training, regular communication among staff, as well as a flexible approach toward participants' preferences and circumstances.
Detection of coronary artery disease with exercise ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT in patients with atrial fibrillation

Objective To investigate the ability of exercise myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI) for detecting coronary artery disease(CAD)in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods Fifty-eight consecutive patients with AF during symptom-limited exercise ~(99)Tc~m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile(MIBI) SPECT imaging were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent coronary angiography within an inter- val of 90 d.Results The overall diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of exercise ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT were 60%(9/15),88%(38/43)and 81%(47/58),respectively.Among patients without val- vular disease,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 60%(9/15)and 96%(22/23).The diagnos- tic accuracy was 80%(16/20)in patients with valvular heart disease.Conclusion In patients with AF during exercise test,exercise MPI has a moderate sensitivity and an excellent specificity in detection of CAD to those without valvular disease,and hasa high diagnostic accuracy in patients with valvular heart disease.
HEADSPACE CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN EDIBLE VEGETABLE OILS

The headspace capillary gas chromatography method for the determination of solvent residues in edible vegetable oil was studied.The chromatographic conditions,the equilibrium temperature,equilibrium time and data acquisition frequency and other factors on the determination of the influences are discussed.Detected limit was 0.06 mg/kg,the additive recovery was 94.5%~103.9%,the coefficient of variation was 2.8%~5.7%.The results show that the recovery and relative standard deviation with the method are consistent with the determination of requirements.The method is accurate,rapid,reproducible and fully automated.
Awareness of the related risk factors for sex transmitted disease and AIDS behaviors among Liuzhou urban residents during 1996 to 2000

AIM:To understand the behavioral risk factors of sex transmitted disease(SID)and AIDS of urban residents,so as to provide information and baseline for the establishment of intervention and evaluation of prevention and treatment effects.METHODS:The three stage randomized cluster sampling was used to survey 200 residents each month to perform continuous monitoring of the behavioral risk factor for SID and AIDS.RESULTS:The awarenesses of related knowledge on STD and AIDS were increased from 49.9%and 11.2%to 70.2%(P=0.00) and 33.9%(P=0.00) from 1999 to 2000.Gender,age and educational level were the main influencing factors.88.7%of the residents held the opinion that the adolescents aged above 15 years old should receive the knowledge related with STD and AIDS.CONCLUSION:The awareness of STD and AIDS transmission is obviously increased.
Analysis of chaos phenomenon in three-level full bridge converter

Three-level switching power amplifier for magnetic bearings using proportional controller in the mode of pulse width modulation is studied.Based on this model,discrete mapping model of the full bridge converter was set up by stroboscopic sampling,and the stability of bifurcation and chaos characteristics were analyzed.The dynamic evolution process of converter chaos phenomena was directly exhibited.The stable adjustment range of proportional control coefficient,carrier frequency and bus voltage were determined by numerical calculations,and the Lyapunov exponents were calculated to verify the existence of the chaotic phenomenon exists.The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that chaotic phenomena can be eliminated by reducing proportional coefficient of current controller and bus voltage,and increasing the carrier frequency,which enhances the stability of the three-level full-bridge converter.
Herpesvirus infections in pregnancy: risks to embryo, fetus, and neonate

Gestational herpesvirus infections can significantly alter the outcome of pregnancy. Potential hazards to the embryo, fetus, or neonate are numerous and depend on several variables, including the specific virus involved, gestational timing of infection, and whether the infection is primary or recurrent in nature. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of maternal, fetal, and neonatal herpesvirus infections, methods for establishing an accurate etio- logic diagnosis, and prevention strategies, including prospects for prenatal diagnosis of these infections.
Isotonic hydration reduced contrast media-associated nephropathy in elective or emergency coronary angioplasty.

Source Citation Mueller C, Buerkle G, Buettner HJ, et al. Prevention of contrast media-associated nephropathy. Randomized comparison of 2 hydration regimens in 1620 patients undergoing coronary ang...
Chapter 20 – Comprehension Ability in Mature Readers

Publisher Summary The ability to learn and execute the component processes of reading varies widely. Reading comprehension involves language specific processes as well as domain general cognitive abilities–sensation, perception, attention, memory, and reasoning. Variation in any of these abilities potentially underlies individual differences in comprehension performance. Thus, one important question concerns the extent to which variation in some ability is central to individual differences in comprehension performance and the extent to which variation in the ability is derivative. For example, researchers have found that poor comprehenders have more difficulty parsing complex syntactic structures than do good comprehenders. This chapter reviews five reader characteristics that are associated with comprehension ability in mature readers. Two criteria are used in selecting these particular characteristics from all of those that are potentially involved in comprehension. First, characteristics are selected that have the strongest correlations with comprehension performance. Second, characteristics are selected that play a central role in different theories of comprehension skill. The characteristics that selected are: word-level ability, working memory capacity, suppression ability, print exposure, and background knowledge.
Auditory white noise reduces age-related fluctuations in balance

Fall prevention technologies have the potential to improve the lives of older adults. Because of the multisensory nature of human balance control, sensory therapies, including some involving tactile and auditory noise, are being explored that might reduce increased balance variability due to typical age-related sensory declines. Auditory white noise has previously been shown to reduce postural sway variability in healthy young adults. In the present experiment, we examined this treatment in young adults and typically aging older adults. We measured postural sway of healthy young adults and adults over the age of 65 years during silence and auditory white noise, with and without vision. Our results show reduced postural sway variability in young and older adults with auditory noise, even in the absence of vision. We show that vision and noise can reduce sway variability for both feedback-based and exploratory balance processes. In addition, we show changes with auditory noise in nonlinear patterns of sway in older adults that reflect what is more typical of young adults, and these changes did not interfere with the typical random walk behavior of sway. Our results suggest that auditory noise might be valuable for therapeutic and rehabilitative purposes in older adults with typical age-related balance variability.
Nuclear resonance fluorescence of 235 U above 3 MeV

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Passport Systems have collaborated to conduct measurements to search for a nuclear resonance fluorescence response of 235U from 3 to 5 MeV using an 8 g sample of highly enriched uranium. These new measurements complement previously reported measurements below 3 MeV. Preliminary analysis indicates that no strong resonances exist for 235U in this energy range. A second set of measurements focused on a signature search in the 5 to 10 MeV range is still under analysis.
Heinz Politzer, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox: Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1962. pp. xxi + 376.

(1965). Heinz Politzer, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 61-66.
Hot or not? Comparative behavioral thermoregulation, critical temperature regimes, and thermal tolerances of the invasive lionfish Pterois sp. versus native western North Atlantic reef fishes

Temperature influences the geographic range, physiology, and behavior of many ectothermic species, including the invasive lionfish Pterois sp. Thermal parameters were experimentally determined for wild-caught lionfish at different acclimation temperatures (13, 20, 25 and 32 °C). Preferences and avoidance were evaluated using a videographic shuttlebox system, while critical thermal methodology evaluated tolerance. The lionfish thermal niche was compared experimentally to two co-occurring reef fishes (graysby Cephalopholis cruentata and schoolmaster Lutjanus apodus) also acclimated to 25 °C. The physiologically optimal temperature for lionfish is likely 28.7 ± 1 °C. Lionfish behavioral thermoregulation was generally linked to acclimation history; tolerance and avoidance increased significantly at higher acclimation temperatures, but final preference did not. The tolerance polygon of lionfish shows a strong correlation between thermal limits and acclimation temperature, with the highest CTmax at 39.5 °C and the lowest CTmin at 9.5 °C. The tolerance range of invasive lionfish (24.61 °C) is narrower than those of native graysby (25.25 °C) and schoolmaster (26.87 °C), mostly because of lower thermal maxima in the former. Results show that lionfish display “acquired” thermal tolerance at higher and lower acclimation temperatures, but are no more eurythermal than other tropical fishes. Collectively, these results suggest that while lionfish range expansion in the western Atlantic is likely over the next century from rising winter sea temperatures due to climate change, the magnitude of poleward radiation of this invasive species is limited and will likely be equivalent to native tropical and subtropical fishes with similar thermal minima.
Dolichol kinase deficiency (DOLK‐CDG): Two new cases and expansion of phenotype

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes that are necessary for the addition of oligosaccharides to acceptor proteins or lipids. An early step in this process requires dolichol kinase (DK) to catalyze the formation of dolichyl phosphate, which acts as a membrane anchor for initial attachment of sugar residues that are subsequently built up to oligosaccharides and transferred to acceptor proteins and lipids for further processing. Biallelic mutations in DOLK, the gene for DK, result in human in a CDG with variable symptoms, ranging from nonsyndromic dilated cardiomypopathy to severe multiorgan involvement. We report two female siblings with novel compound heterozygous mutations in DOLK: c.951C>A (p.Tyr317Ter) and c.1558A>G (p.Thr520Ala). Both patients presented in the neonatal period with severe ichthyosis, unusual distal digital constrictions and dilated cardiomyopathy which resulted in death. Histology of the skin showed lipid droplet accumulation in the stratum corneum and keratinocytes, which suggests defective epidermal lipid metabolism. These patients represent an earlier and more severe form of DOLK-CDG (CDG-1m) with a striking presentation at birth that expands the known phenotypic spectrum.
Relation of Changes in Body Fat Distribution to Oxidative Stress.

Android fat is a surrogate measure of visceral obesity in the truncal region. Both visceral adiposity and oxidative stress (OS) are linked to cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical cardiovascular disease. However, whether body fat distribution (android vs gynoid) is associated with OS remains unknown. We hypothesized that increased android fat will be associated with greater OS. Body fat distribution and markers of OS, including plasma levels of reduced (cysteine and glutathione) and oxidized (cystine and glutathione disulfide) aminothiols, were estimated in 711 volunteers (67% female, 23% black, mean age 48 ± 11) enrolled in the Emory Georgia Tech Predictive Health study. At 1 year, 498 subjects had repeat testing. At baseline, anthropometric and fat distribution indexes, including body mass index, waist circumference, weight/hip ratio, and android and gynoid fat mass correlated with lower plasma concentrations of glutathione and higher cystine levels indicative of higher OS. At 1 year, the change in android but not gynoid fat mass or body mass index negatively correlated with the change in the plasma glutathione level after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Increased body fat, specifically android fat mass, is an independent determinant of systemic OS, and its change is associated with a simultaneous change in OS, measured as plasma glutathione. In conclusion, our findings suggest that excess android or visceral fat contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease through modulating OS.
Interhemispheric Integration for Complex Behaviors, Absent the Corpus Callosum in Normal Ontogeny

Functional homotopy, or synchronous spontaneous activity between symmetric, contralateral brain regions, is a fundamental characteristic of the mammalian brain9s functional architecture(1-6). In mammals, functional homotopy may be predominantly mediated by the corpus callosum (CC), a white matter structure thought to balance the interhemispheric coordination and hemispheric specialization critical for many complex brain functions, including lateralized human language abilities(7, 8). The CC first emerged with the Eutherian (placental) mammals ~160 MYA and is not found in other vertebrates(9, 10). Despite this, other vertebrates also exhibit complex brain functions requiring bilateral integration and lateralization(11). For example, much as humans acquire speech, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) songbird learns to sing from tutors and must balance hemispheric specialization(12) with interhemispheric coordination to successfully learn and produce song(13). We therefore tested whether the zebra finch brain also exhibits functional homotopy despite lacking the CC. Implementing custom resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) analyses, we demonstrate widespread functional homotopy between pairs of contralateral brain regions required for learned song but which lack direct anatomical projections (i.e., structural connectivity; SC). We believe this is the first demonstration of functional homotopy in a non-Eutherian vertebrate; however, it is unlikely to be the only instance of it. The remarkable congruence between functional homotopy in the zebra finch and Eutherian brains indicates that alternative mechanisms must exist for balanced interhemispheric coordination in the absence of a CC. This insight may have broad implications for understanding complex, bilateral neural processing across phylogeny and how information is integrated between hemispheres.
Minimum Odorant Concentrations Detectable by the Dog and Their Implications for Olfactory Receptor Sensitivity

In the absence of other cues, the sooner an animal detects, recognizes and responds to certain odorants entering its environment, the better will be its chances of survival. Faced with such evolutionary pressures, the ability to detect odorants, in some species at least, may well have approached or reached absolute theoretical limits. This seems to be true of the silk moth, Bombyx mori. The male will respond, behaviorally, to the female sex attractant, Bombykol, when 104 molecules/cm3 are present in air currents flowing at 60cm3/s over 2 s. Experiments with tritiated Bombykol suggest that this corresponds to about one molecule per sense cell (Schneider, et al., 1968; Schneider, 1969). In mammals, however, delivery of odorant molecules to the receptors depends on the flow of air through respiratory airways and across extensive mucous surfaces. These and other variables compound the difficulty of assessing the sensitivity of individual receptors or sites. It is nevertheless valuable to attempt such an estimate not only for its intrinsic interest but also for the light it may throw on olfactory mechanisms, and for the framework it provides in defining the nature and diversity of events that limit access of odorant molecules to receptor sites. Ultimately such information may also assist in evaluating whether, in a specific context, a given odorant is present in sufficient concentration to elicit a pattern of behavior.
Not Principlism nor Casuistry, Not Narrative Ethics nor Clinical Pragmatism: A Case for Proceduralism

The peer reviewers of Part Two critically appraise and reflect on the clinical ethicist’s actions in “The Zadeh Scenario.” In what follows, I first outline four prominent methods for “doing” clinical ethics. For each I consider if, and how, the method may have been utilized in the peer reviews of Part Two. Where peer reviewers employ different methods within their analyses, or where they are unclear in their methods, I draw attention to it. Finally, I propose a method that I believe is a common thread in all of the peer reviewers’ assessments; I call this method “proceduralism,” a method that echoes narrative and pragmatism approaches while using procedural standards to orient the method.
Spirituality and physical health status: a longitudinal examination of reciprocal effects in breast cancer survivors

This longitudinal study sought to examine the reciprocal relationship between spirituality and physical health status among breast cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors (N = 634) completed baseline assessments (T1) within 8 months of breast cancer diagnosis and 12 (T2) and 18 months (T3) after their baseline assessment. Spirituality was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) scale which consists of three subscales: meaning, peace, and faith. Physical health status was measured with the SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS). A cross-lagged structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the three-wave data to examine the reciprocal relationships between the observed variable, PCS, and the three subscales of the FACIT-Sp, treated as latent variables. The cross-lagged SEM yielded an adequate fit to the data: RMSEA = .036, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96. After controlling for relevant sociodemographic and cancer-related variables, only higher PCS at T2 predicted greater meaning at T3. PCS at T1 did not predict meaning at T2 and the reciprocal relationship of meaning predicting PCS was not significant. Neither peace nor faith was reciprocally related to PCS. Results provide evidence of a unidirectional relationship between self-reported physical health status and subsequent meaning among breast cancer survivors during the period of early to later survivorship. Additional studies are needed that examine the longitudinal and directional relationships between spirituality and physical health among diverse samples of cancer survivors.
Slip Avoidance in Dual-Arm Manipulation

In multi-finger or multi-arm grasping with friction contacts, maintaining force closure during motion is critical. Violation of this condition would cause contact slippage and possibly loss of grasp. This issue is of particular importance in space robotics, where the loss of grasp could lead to catastrophic consequences. There has been ample literature on stable grasp and force closure under static conditions. This paper investigates multi-arm grasping during motion, where the inertial force from the load could adversely affect grasp stability. Our approach dynamically adjusts the squeeze force and commanded robot/load motion to maintain a safe force closure condition. For a specified motion trajectory, the squeeze force is updated to prevent slippage based on the estimated inertial force. When the required squeeze force is beyond what the manipulators can safely apply, the trajectory will be scaled to reduce the inertial force component. In addition to motion-induced disturbance force, contact between the load and other objects in the environment can also cause slippage. The slip prevention strategy is extended to this case as well. The application scenario is based on the dual-arm transportation and berthing of a load in a micro-gravity environment. For laboratory testing, we use a fixed-base dual-arm robot to grasp, transport, and berth an object on a planar air bearing table. We also extend the transportation tests to a more general spatial setting, and use the dynamic squeeze adjustment to grasp, lift, and transport an object. Experimental results show the proposed method is effective at avoiding contact slippage during motion and when the object is in contact with the environment.
Phenol and Cr(VI) removal using materials derived from harmful algal bloom biomass: Characterization and performance assessment for a biosorbent, a porous carbon, and Fe/C composites

Abstract Lake Erie experiences annual harmful algal blooms (HAB), but generated HAB biomass may provide a waste-based precursor for environmental remediation materials. Three classes of materials (i.e., algal powder biosorbent, porous carbon, and iron/carbon (Fe/C) composite) are prepared from HAB biomass. Algal powder is nonporous with diverse functional groups. Porous carbon, prepared via one-pot carbonization and activation, has surface area up to 430 m2/g. Fe/Cs are prepared by cultivating HAB biomass in iron-rich media, followed by one-pot pyrolysis. Fe/Cs have over 6 wt% iron (Fe0 and Fe3O4) and nitrogen doping (up to 4 wt%). Materials were applied in phenol and Cr(VI) removal tests to identify preferred products for use in water treatment applications. In deionized water, porous carbon removes the most phenol (52 mg/g), followed by algal powder (38 mg/g) and Fe/C (33 mg/g). Micropore volume and functional groups improve phenol removal. Cr(VI) removal follows: Fe/C (43 mg/g) > porous carbon (28 mg/g) > algal powder (17 mg/g), with synergistic adsorption and reduction elevating Fe/C’s performance. Cr(VI) and phenol removal studies were completed with variable pH, ionic strength, and water composition to highlight application potential. This work proposes HAB biomass reuse for pollution control, investigating interaction mechanisms between materials and contaminants.
Circulating carotenoids and subsequent risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women.

Objectives The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between circulating carotenoids and future risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We conducted a nested case-control study consisting of 227 incident RA cases and 671 matched controls with prospectively measured plasma carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin) levels in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II). Each incident RA case was matched with 3 healthy controls. Serologic phenotype of RA was determined by rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) obtained by chart review. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confident intervals (95% CI) for RA risk associated with each circulating carotenoid after adjusting for matching factors and other covariates. Results The median time from blood draw until RA diagnosis was 8.6 years. In the multivariable models, no significant associations were found between any plasma carotenoids and risk of RA. We further examined the associations for two subtypes of RA, and found associations of circulating α-carotene and β-carotene with reduced risk of seronegative RA. After correction for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method, the findings did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Circulating carotenoids levels are not associated with reduced risk of RA. Further investigations using large prospective cohorts are needed to confirm our findings.
Transcriptional States and Chromatin Accessibility Underlying Human Erythropoiesis.

Human erythropoiesis serves as a paradigm of physiologic cellular differentiation. This process is also of considerable interest for better understanding anemias and identifying new therapies. Here, we apply deep transcriptomic and accessible chromatin profiling to characterize a faithful ex vivo human erythroid differentiation system from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We reveal stage-specific transcriptional states and chromatin accessibility during various stages of erythropoiesis, including 14,260 differentially expressed genes and 63,659 variably accessible chromatin peaks. Our analysis suggests differentiation stage-predominant roles for specific master regulators, including GATA1 and KLF1. We integrate chromatin profiles with common and rare genetic variants associated with erythroid cell traits and diseases, finding that variants regulating different erythroid phenotypes likely act at variable points during differentiation. In addition, we identify a regulator of terminal erythropoiesis, TMCC2, more broadly illustrating the value of this comprehensive analysis to improve our understanding of erythropoiesis in health and disease.
Acoustic Propeller Based on Air Jets from Acoustic Streaming

This paper describes acoustic thruster and lifter capable of generating propulsion force on-demand from synthetic air jets generated by acoustic waves passing through orifices on a thin plastic (shaped with laser-machining) covering a sound source (audio speaker). The orifice array pattern was optimized through experiments to produce large thrust force. By varying driving condition and operating frequency, the transducer that weighs 603 mg can rotate, or jump 2.8 mm high and 100 mm far, propelled by the air jets. When tested as an acoustic lifter, the transducer is capable of lifting a plastic piece of 299 mg and rotating a metal piece of 20.4 g. The device could also be driven with acoustic signal instead of electrical power.
Differing Thresholds for Overriding Parental Refusals of Life-Sustaining Treatment

When should doctors seek protective custody to override a parent's refusal of potentially lifesaving treatment for their child? The answer to this question seemingly has different answers for different subspecialties of pediatrics. This paper specifically looks at different thresholds for physicians overriding parental refusals of life-sustaining treatment between neonatology, cardiology, and oncology. The threshold for mandating treatment of premature babies seems to be a survival rate of 25-50%. This is not the case when the treatment in question is open heart surgery for a child with congenital heart disease. Most cardiologists would not pursue legal action when parents refuse treatment, unless the anticipated survival rate after surgery is above 90%. In pediatric oncology, there are case reports of physicians requesting and obtaining protective custody for cancer treatment when the reported mortality rates are 40-50%. Such differences might be attributed to differences in care, a reasonable prioritization of quality of life over survival, or the role uncertainty plays on prognoses, especially for the extremely young. Nonetheless, other, non-medical factors may have a significant effect on inconsistencies in care across these pediatric subspecialties and require further examinations.
X-linked miR-506 family miRNAs promote FMRP expression in mouse spermatogonia.

Comment on "A microRNA cluster in the Fragile-X region expressed during spermatogenesis targets FMR1" by Ramaiah et al.