cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fracton contribution to the optical linewidth in glasses

We use the previous formalism of Lyo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 688 (1982)] for optical linewidths of paramagnetic impurities in glasses to include the effects of fractal excitations (fractons). We find the optical-linewidth temperature dependence for interactions between the two-level systems and the optically active center of dipole-quadrupole and quadrupole-quadrupole character to be ${T}^{1+(\frac{\stackrel{-}{\stackrel{-}{d}}}{4})}$ and ${T}^{1+(\frac{2\stackrel{-}{\stackrel{-}{d}}}{5})}$, respectively, where $\stackrel{-}{\stackrel{-}{d}}$ is the spectral dimensionality of Alexander and Orbach. Use of the percolating network value for $\stackrel{-}{\stackrel{-}{d}}$, $\frac{4}{3}$, predicts a temperature dependence ${T}^{1.33}$ for the former coupling in reasonable agreement with very recent experimental results of V\"olker and collaborators in organic glasses.
Chromosome Aberrations caused by Radioactive Thymidine

CHROMOSOME aberrations in onion root tips treated with 2-14C-thymine deoxyriboside (thymidine) and with 2-14C-thymine have been studied. It has been found that radioactive thymidine gives a significantly higher frequency of aberration than equivalent amounts of radioactive thymine. Since thymidine is a precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid thymine1,2 and becomes a part of the deoxyribonucleic acid structure without diversion to any known cyto-plasmic component including ribonucleic acid, a unique system is available for provoking intranuclear damage. Thymine, on the other hand, is not incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid2,3. Its radiation effects, therefore, have been studied because it enters the cell without becoming a part of deoxyribonucleic acid and thus provides a source of radiation outside the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule.
Development of a cardiac surgery simulation curriculum: From needs assessment results to practical implementation

Objective A paradigm shift in surgical training has led to national efforts to incorporate simulation-based learning into cardiothoracic residency programs. Our goal was to determine the feasibility of developing a cardiac surgery simulation curriculum using the formal steps of curriculum development. Methods Cardiothoracic surgery residents (n = 6) and faculty (n = 9) evaluated 54 common cardiac surgical procedures to determine their need for simulation. The highest scoring procedures were grouped into similarly themed monthly modules, each with specific learning objectives. Educational tools consisting of inanimate, animate, and cadaveric facilities and a newly created virtual operating room were used for curriculum implementation. Resident satisfaction was evaluated by way of a 5-point Likert scale. Perceived competency (scale of 1–10) and pre–/post–self-confidence (scale of 1–5) scores were collected and analyzed using cumulative mean values and a paired t -test. Results Of the 23 highest scoring procedures (mean score, ≥4.0) on the needs assessment, 21 were used for curriculum development. These procedures were categorized into 12 monthly modules. The simulation curriculum was implemented using the optimal simulation tool available. Resident satisfaction (n = 57) showed an overwhelmingly positive response (mean score, ≥4.7). The perceived competency scores highlighted the procedures residents were uncomfortable performing independently. The pre–/post–self-confidence scores increased throughout the modules, and the differences were statistically significant ( P Conclusions It is feasible to develop and implement a cardiac surgery simulation curriculum using a structured approach. High-fidelity, low-technology tools such as a fresh tissue cadaver laboratory and a virtual operating room could be important adjuncts.
Protein Kinase Cδ Is Required for Survival of Cells Expressing Activated p21RAS

Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in transformed cells and tumor cells containing activated p21(RAS) results in apoptosis. To investigate the pro-apoptotic pathway induced by the p21(RAS) oncoprotein, we first identified the specific PKC isozyme necessary to prevent apoptosis in the presence of activated p21(RAS). Dominant-negative mutants of PKC, short interfering RNA vectors, and PKC isozyme-specific chemical inhibitors directed against the PKCdelta isozyme demonstrated that PKCdelta plays a critical role in p21(RAS)-mediated apoptosis. An activating p21(RAS) mutation, or activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) Ras effector pathway, increased the levels of PKCdelta protein and activity in cells, whereas inhibition of p21(RAS) activity decreased the expression of the PKCdelta protein. Activation of the Akt survival pathway by oncogenic Ras required PKCdelta activity. Akt activity was dramatically decreased after PKCdelta suppression in cells containing activated p21(RAS). Conversely, constitutively activated Akt rescued cells from apoptosis induced by PKCdelta inhibition. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that p21(RAS), through its downstream effector PI3K, induces PKCdelta expression and that this increase in PKCdelta activity, acting through Akt, is required for cell survival. The p21(RAS) effector molecule responsible for the initiation of the apoptotic signal after suppression of PKCdelta activity was also determined to be PI3K. PI3K (p110(C)(AAX), where AA is aliphatic amino acid) was sufficient for induction of apoptosis after PKCdelta inhibition. Thus, the same p21(RAS) effector, PI3K, is responsible for delivering both a pro-apoptotic signal and a survival signal, the latter being mediated by PKCdelta and Akt. Selective suppression of PKCdelta activity and consequent induction of apoptosis is a potential strategy for targeting of tumor cells containing an activated p21(RAS).
The effect of mitotic inhibitors on myogenesis in vitro.

The effect of colchicine and other antimitotic drugs was studied in cultures of 11-day chick embryo breast muscle. Exposure of such cultures to 10-6 M colchicine results in fragmentation of the elongate myotubes into rounded, cytoplasmic sacs (myosacs) containing various numbers of nuclei. Comparison of the dose-response relation between myotube fragmentation and metaphase arrest suggests that the underlying mechanism may be similar in both cases. Low temperature does not duplicate the effects of colchicine. Glycerinated myotubes are not affected by the mitotic inhibitors. The effect of colchicine on myotubes is reversible. Myosacs elongate within several days after removal from colchicine. However, the regenerated myotubes fail to incorporate additional mononucleated cells. Colchicine does not interfere with the process of fusion itself, but the metaphase block prevents cells from entering that phase of the cell cycle during which fusion can occur. Cells arrested in mitosis by colchicine do not recover when incubated in normal medium. Colcemid-induced arrest is reversible and does not prevent subsequent fusion of the cells.
Prospective randomized trial of ACUSEAL (Gore-Tex) versus Hemashield-Finesse patching during carotid endarterectomy: early results.

Background/Purpose Several studies have reported that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with patch angioplasty produces superior results compared with primary closure. Conventional polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patching has been shown to have results comparable to autogenous vein patching; however, it requires a prolonged hemostasis time. Therefore, many surgeons use collagen-impregnated Dacron patching (Hemashield [HP]). Recently, we reported a satisfactory hemostasis time using the new hemostatic PTFE patch (ACUSEAL by Gore). This study is the first prospective randomized trial comparing the ACUSEAL patch with the HP Finesse patch. Methods 200 CEAs were 1:1 randomized into two patch closure groups (ACUSEAL or Finesse). All patients underwent immediate and 1 month postoperative duplex ultrasound studies. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups, including the mean operative diameter of the internal carotid artery and length of arteriotomy. Results The overall perioperative ipsilateral stroke rate was 2% (2% ACUSEAL, 2% Finesse; P = 1.0). The perioperative ipsilateral TIA rates were 0% for the ACUSEAL and 2% for the Finesse patch ( P = .5). The combined perioperative neurological event (TIA + stroke) rates were 2% for ACUSEAL and 4% for the Finesse ( P = .68). The early ≥50% restenosis rate was 0% for ACUSEAL vs 4% for Finesse patching. Two perioperative carotid thromboses were noted with Finesse patching vs none with ACUSEAL patching ( P = .50). The combined early morbidity rate (TIA, stroke, and ≥50% restenosis or thrombosis) was 2% for the ACUSEAL patch vs 8% for the Finesse patch ( P = .10). The mean hemostasis time for the ACUSEAL and Finesse patches was 5.1 vs 3.7 minutes ( P = .01), however, the mean operative times were similar for both groups ( P = .61). Conclusion The perioperative neurological events and overall short-term morbidity associated with CEA when using ACUSEAL or Finesse patches were similar. Both patches have short hemostasis times.
Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids: Transesterification of triolein and caprylic acid ethyl ester

Structured lipids were successfully synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification (ester interchange) of caprylic acid ethyl ester and triolein. The transesterification reaction was carried out in organic solvent as reaction media. Eight commercially-available lipases (10% w/w substrates) were screened for their ability to synthesize structured lipid by incubating with 100 mg triolein and 78.0 mg caprylic acid ethyl ester in 3 mL hexane at 45°C for 24 h. The products were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detector. Immobilized lipase IM60 fromRhizomucor miehei converted most triolein into structured lipids (41.7% dicapryloolein, 46.0% monocapryloolein, and 12.3% unreacted triolein). However, lipase SP435 fromCandida antarctica had a higher activity at higher temperature. The reaction catalyzed by lipase SP435 yielded 62.0% dicapryloolein, 33.5% monocapryloolein, and 4.5% unreacted triolein at 55°C. Time course, incubation media, added water, and substrate concentration were also investigated in this study. The results suggest that lipase-catalyzed transesterification of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester is feasible to synthesize structured lipids.
Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation

Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) is the donation of the patient's own blood before surgery for use in planned surgical procedures. Appropriate patients for this form of blood conservation are those having elective surgery for which blood is usually transfused, whose hemoglobin is no less than 11 g/dL, and who display no signs or symptoms of bacteremia. Patients should begin donation 4–6 weeks before surgery, donate every 3–7 days, take oral iron, and donate the last unit more than 72 hours before surgery. Vesovagal reactions occur in 2–5% of donors. In this article, the authors review indications and associated risks of PABD. Also discussed are segregated processing, testing, disposition of unused units, platelet-rich plasma, recombinant erythropoietin, indications for autologous versus allogeneic transfusion, and cost-effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation. Nurses play important roles in PABD. Provision of information to patients regarding when, where, and how autologous donations are made along with prevention of errors in blood availability and transfusion are discussed. Nursing and blood bank staff members must establish regular communication to ensure the provision of a quality PABD program.
Quelques invariants des structures localement conformément symplectiques

Resume L'integration de l'exponentielle de l'homomorphisme etendu de Lee produit un homomorphisme L sur le groupe des automorphismes d'une structure localement conformement symplectique S , dont la valeur sur un automorphisme est le rapport de similitude de ses releves a une variete symplectique canoniquement associee a S . Sur le noyau de L , on construit l'equivalent de l'invariant de Calabi, a valeurs dans la c A -cohomologie.
Diffusion as an explanation of observed NMR behavior of water absorbed on wood

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for water absorbed on milled Northern white-cedar wood have shown the presence of two decay times. A simple model, based on the diffusion equation, is proposed to explain this. The model adequately predicts the correct values of the decay times and especially their dependence upon the water content of the wood.
Minimum time robot path planning in the presence of obstacles

An approach to minimum time robotic path planning in the presence of obstacles is given. It is formulated in an optimal control context with obstacle avoidance expressed in terms of the distances between potentially colliding parts. Procedures for computing the distances between general part shapes in three-dimensional space are discussed. Numerical examples involving manipulators operating in two and three-dimensional workspaces are described.
A Concept Selection Framework for Early Sorting of Reconfigurable System Designs

A seven-step framework for sorting proposed concepts of system changes / reconfigurations is presented that seeks to characterize the overall ramifications on system architecture. This framework is intended for use immediately following a concept generation phase. The framework uses three simple questions: “What level of the system design does this concept apply to?” “What levels of the system design does the concept impact?” and “What is the severity of this impact?” A flowchart leads the designer through these questions and assigns each concept a classification from one to five based on the answers. Class one concepts have little to no impact on the rest of the system architecture. They can be included with little fear of massive change propagation and system redesign. Class five concepts carry large changes to system architecture and therefore should be included only if they can be shown to be highly beneficial, or if there remains enough design freedom such that the cost of changing the system architecture is minimal. Meanwhile, class five concepts are likely to have much higher potential to create revolutionary design. A case study is used to demonstrate the application of the sorting framework in the context of a Mars rover mission. Several example concepts are provided to illustrate key insights from the case study. Convergence of the framework is explored by comparing the authors’ results to a second test done by a new design team.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effectiveness of Interference Filters for Reduction of Stray Light Effects in Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Quantitative data are presented on the effectiveness of interference filters for reduction or elimination of stray light effects in optical spectrometers employed for trace atomic emission analyses. Specific attention is focused on those analyte species that contribute significant stray light at wavelengths far removed from the offending radiation. For simultaneous multielement determinations with a polychromator, band reflection filters are shown to provide an attractive means of eliminating stray light effects arising from the very intense Ca lines emitted in an inductively coupled plasma. For the spectrometers used in the present study, a major fraction of the background shifts caused by changing concentrations of Mg arose from real background contributions rather than from stray light.
Dynamic modeling of capsule separator for control of hydraulic capsule pipelines

Hydraulic capsule pipelines concepts are novel as compared to existing commercial pipeline systems. The complexity of such novel systems places greater demands on sensing, automation, and control strategy design for such systems as compared to existing commercial pipeline systems. These issues, as well as hydraulic design automation and control strategies, are reported. A novel capsule separator design has also been proposed to ensure reliable functioning of booster' stations for such pipelines. Detailed dynamic modeling of the proposed capsule separator is performed for generating design and control guidelines. Validation of the overall hydraulic capsule pipeline design and control, and limited validation of the proposed capsule separator subsystem, are provided using a prototype hardware computer controlled pipeline model.
Effect of Ion Pairing on Charge Transfer in the Bicyclooctatetraenyl Dianion

The rate constants for bond shift (kBS) and intramolecular charge transfer (kCT) in alkali metal salts of bicyclooctatetraenyl dianions (12-) in THF-d8 were determined by dynamic NMR spectroscopy. The values of kBS and kCTincrease in the order K < Na ≤ Rb < Cs and K < Rb < Na < Cs ≪ Li, respectively. It is concluded that the K, Rb, and Cs salts react as contact ion pairs (CIPs) while the Li and Na salts react as solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIPs). Increases in kBS and kCT are observed in 12-/2K+ on going to more polar solvents (NH3/CH3NH2 and THF-d8/DMEU). Comparison with kinetic studies of four other dianions has led to the conclusion that 12-/2Na+ is the first example of a Na salt of a dianion to undergo charge transfer by SSIPs. This is attributed to the difficulty in forming a Na-bridged CIP transition structure in 12-/2Na+ that can compete with an SSIP transition structure.
A GENERALIZED APPROACH FOR PREDICTING COVERAGE-DEPENDENT REACTION PARAMETERS OF COMPLEX SURFACE REACTIONS : APPLICATION TO H2 OXIDATION OVER PLATINUM

A new methodology is presented for calculating parameters of complex surface reaction mechanisms. This approach takes into consideration adsorbate−adsorbate interactions along with their influence on the activation energies of surface reactions as a function of operating conditions. It combines an extension of the unity bond index−quadratic exponential potential theory, reactor scale modeling, important feature identification, and model validation. The H2 oxidation over platinum has been chosen as a model system to test this methodology. Comparison with a variety of available experimental data in the literature, such as catalytic ignition temperature, laser-induced fluorescence OH desorption measurements, catalytic autotherms, and species profiles, shows that the proposed surface mechanism is capable of quantitatively capturing all the important features of the published experiments. Our approach offers the potential of quantitative modeling of catalytic reactors exhibiting complex surface reaction proces...
Functional Characterization of Human T Cell Hyporesponsiveness Induced by CTLA4-Ig

During activation, T cells integrate multiple signals from APCs and cytokine milieu. The blockade of these signals can have clinical benefits as exemplified by CTLA4-Ig, which blocks interaction of B7 co-stimulatory molecules on APCs with CD28 on T cells. Variants of CTLA4-Ig, abatacept and belatacept are FDA approved as immunosuppressive agents in arthritis and transplantation, yet murine studies suggested that CTLA4-Ig could be beneficial in a number of other diseases. However, detailed analysis of human CD4 cell hyporesponsivness induced by CTLA4-Ig has not been performed. Herein, we established a model to study the effect of CTLA4-Ig on the activation of human naive T cells in a human mixed lymphocytes system. Comparison of human CD4 cells activated in the presence or absence of CTLA4-Ig showed that co-stimulation blockade during TCR activation does not affect NFAT signaling but results in decreased activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors followed by a profound decrease in proliferation and cytokine production. The resulting T cells become hyporesponsive to secondary activation and, although capable of receiving TCR signals, fail to proliferate or produce cytokines, demonstrating properties of anergic cells. However, unlike some models of T cell anergy, these cells did not possess increased levels of the TCR signaling inhibitor CBLB. Rather, the CTLA4-Ig–induced hyporesponsiveness was associated with an elevated level of p27kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.
AN ASTROPHYSICAL BASIS FOR A UNIVERSAL ORIGIN OF LIFE

We propose a universal, astrophysically based theory of the origin of life on Earth and on other rocky planets as well. Life is an information system where the information content grows because of selection. It must start with the minimum possible information, or the minimum possible departure from thermodynamic equilibrium. It also requires thermodynamically free energy that is accessible by means of its information content. Hence, for its origin, we look for the most benign circumstance or minimum entropy variations over long times with abundant free energy. The unique location for this condition is the pore space in the first few kilometers of the earth's surface. The free energy is derived from the condensed products of the chemical reactions taking place in the cooling nebula e.g. iron oxides and fixed hydrocarbon, (CH2)16 and the benign environment is the thermal and radiation isolation of the earth's crust. We discuss how this environment occurs naturally and universally astrophysically. We then propose several chemical routes to the formation of life with a minimum entropy departure from thermodynamic equilibrium.
Nitrate balance and biosynthesis in the ferret.

Abstract The net biosynthesis of nitrate in the ferret was demonstrated to be 8.89 to 10.3 μmol/kg bw/day. Nitrate balance studies indicated that, because of metabolism, excretion of nitrate was lower than ingestion when oral doses were higher than 6.3 μmol/day. At nitrate ingestion levels of less than 6.3 mot/day, excretion exceeded intake. Studies with 15 N-labeled nitrate indicated that only 36% of the oral dose was recoverable as [ 15 N]nitrate from urine. Oral doses of 15 N-labeled ammonia resulted in the incorporation of the 15 N label into nitrate in urine and feces. This demonstrates that ammonia can serve as a precursor to biosynthesized nitrate. An increase in nitrate excretion was seen when animals were treated with neomycin sulfate and mycostatin to reduce gut microflora populations. This increase was as large as 200%. Short-term studies indicated that dietary protein quality had little effect on nitrate excretion.
Olig genes are expressed in a heterogeneous population of precursor cells in the developing spinal cord

Recent results from multiple laboratories have identified Olig genes as important in regulating glial differentiation. Here we show that Olig2 expression at early stages of development (prior to E16.5) identifies a domain in the developing spinal cord, which contains a heterogeneous population of progenitors that includes stem cells and glial progenitors. We show that Nkx2.2 and Olig2, which are present initially in nonoverlapping domains, are coexpressed at later stages, likely due to a second wave of Olig expression. We find that Olig1, like Olig2, is present in cells that coexpress astrocytic and radial glial markers and that Olig1/2 double knockouts lead to a loss of oligodendrocytes with preservation of NG2 expression. These results coupled with previously published data indicate that Olig1/2 and Nkx2.2, while clearly important in regulating early progenitor cell differentiation, do not unambiguously demonstrate the existence of an oligodendrocyte-neuron precursor or negate the existing retroviral lineage and clonal analysis data that suggest the existence of other types of precursors such as oligodendrocyte-astrocyte precursors or neuronal precursors. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nodal Melanocytic Nevi in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Correlation With Melanoma-Associated Cutaneous Nevi

Melanocytic nevi occurring in lymph nodes create diagnostic difficulty by mimicking metastases. Few studies describe nodal nevi in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) excised for melanoma. We evaluated 72 cases in which patients had undergone SLN biopsy for melanoma. Lymph nodes and cutaneous melanomas were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Nodal nevi were identified in 8 patients (11%). Of these, 6 (75%) had an associated cutaneous nevus (P = .006). Of 21 patients with an associated nevus, 4 (19%) with nodal nevi had a cutaneous nevus with congenital features (P = .01). The incidence of nodal nevus correlated with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm (P = .02). Nevi were not seen in non-SLNs. Nodal nevi appear more frequently in patients with melanoma-associated cutaneous nevi, particularly if congenital features are present. The increased frequency of nodal nevi in SLNs relative to non-SLNs suggests an etiology of mechanical transport of nevus cells.
Research progess on scannerless ladar systems using a laser diode transmitter and FM/cw radar principles

The Army Research Laboratory is researching scannerless ladar systems for smart munition and reconnaissance applications. Here we report on progress attained over the past year related to the systems architectures, component development, and test results of the scannerless ladars. The imaging system architectures achieve ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave technique implemented by directly amplitude modulation a near-IR diode laser transmitter with a radio frequency subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated. The diode's output is collected and projected to from an illumination field in the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto an array of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors where it is detected and mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency signal whose frequency is proportional to the target range. This IF signal is continuously sampled over each period of the rf modulation. Following this, an N channel signal processor based-on field-programmable gate arrays calculates the discrete Fourier transform over the IF waveform in each pixel to establish the ranges to all the scatterers and their respective amplitudes. Over the past year, we have continued development of laser illuminators at .8 and 1.55 micrometers , built 1D self-mixing MSM detector arrays at .8 and 1.55 micrometers and built an N channel FPGA signal processor for high-speed formation of range gates. In this paper we report on the development and performance of these components and the results of system test conducted in the laboratory.
Analytic continuation of quantum systems and their temporal evolution.

The generalized vector space of quantum states is used to study the correspondence between the physical state space scrH and its continuation scrG. Consider the integral representation defined by the scalar product between an arbitrary vector in the dense subset of analytic vectors in scrH and its dual vector, where the integration is along the real axis. Keeping the scalar product fixed, the analytic vectors may be continued through the deformation of the integration contour. The deformed contour defines the generalized spectrum of the operator in the continued theory, which typically consists of a deformed contour in the fourth quadrant and the exposed singularities, if any, between the real axis and the deformed contour. Several models are studied with special attention to the unfolding of the generalized spectrum. The two-body models studied are the Lee model in the lowest sector and the Yamaguchi potential model, where the exposed singularities, if present, are simple poles. The three-body model studied is the cascade model, where the exposed singularities may be poles and the branch cuts associated with the quasi-two-body states. We demonstrate that the generalized spectrum obtained leads to the correct extended unitarity relation for the scattering amplitudes. The possibility of having mismatches between poles in the S matrix and the discrete states in the Hamiltonian, which exists in the scrH space, obtains also in the generalized scrG space. Finally, two distinct views on what constitutes an unstable particle are contrasted. One view is to identify it as a physical state of the system which ceases to exist as a discrete eigenstate in scrH. Here the survival amplitude of the unstable particle cannot be ever strictly exponential in time. The other view is to identify the unstable particle as a discrete state in the generalized space. It has a pure exponential time dependence. So the corresponding time evolution is realized by a semigroup. While the latter approach appears to be elegant, it is obtained at the expense of giving up the very starting premise of the lower boundedness of the energy spectrum and therefore we consider it to be the less desirable choice.
Tobias Wolff's Back in the World: American Dreamers, American Desert, Saving Word

(2006). Tobias Wolff's Back in the World: American Dreamers, American Desert, Saving Word. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 71-89.
Erythrocytic organic phosphates: diel and seasonal cycles in the frog, Rana berlandieri.

1. 1. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct). total organic phosphates (Ptot), nucleoside triphosphates (NTP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG). and “inositol polyphosphates” (IPP) were measured in the erythrocytes of adult frogs at different times of day in winter and summer after acclimatization to 15 C and an LD 12:12 photoperiod. The same measurements were also made on animals acclimated to LD 16:8 in summer. 2. 2. All of the measured parameters varied significantly at different times of the day and between seasons in animals acclimated to an LD12:12 photoperiod. 3. 3. Summer animals acclimated to LD 16:8 showed significant diel cycles only in Hct and Hb.
Outcomes of small bowel obstruction in patients with previous gynecologic malignancies

Abstract Background Features predictive of malignant small bowel obstructions among patients with previous gynecologic malignancies remain undetermined. Methods Predictors of malignancy and mortality among patients with gynecologic malignancies and bowel obstructions were identified through a retrospective review of records. Results Malignancy was noted among 69.8% of 189 patients included in the analysis. Advanced-stage cancer ( P = .006, odds ratio [OR] = 6.62), ovarian malignancy ( P = .001, OR=25.64), and early-onset obstruction ( P = .014) predicted malignant etiology, whereas chemotherapy ( P P = .027, OR=.09) predicted benign obstruction. The average survival was 9 months versus 49 months for malignant and benign obstructions, respectively. Ovarian cancer ( P = .009, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.45), anemia ( P = .001, HR=1.11), and renal dysfunction ( P Conclusions Palliative care should be considered for patients with advanced-stage cancer, ovarian malignancy, and a shorter time interval between cancer diagnosis and bowel obstruction, especially in the setting of anemia and renal dysfunction.
Correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection below the diaphragm

Six infants with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection below the diaphragm had correction by modification of conventional surgical technique. Catheterization revealed the confluence of the pulmonary veins draining into a descending vein below the diaphragm. Symptoms of pulmonary venous hypertension and low cardiac output were typical. All had repair with circulatory arrest (average time, 32 minutes). Mobilization of the pulmonary veins and the descending vein is important. The descending vein was transected at the diaphragm. Its anterior surface was incised through the confluence of the pulmonary veins, thus creating an open Y incision. This large Y-shaped vein was anastomosed to the left atrium and carried obliquely to the tip of the left atrial appendage. The anastomosis was fashioned so that the long limb of the Y rotated anteriorly and superiorly to substantially enlarge the left atrium, making the total diameter of the anastomosis larger than the mitral valve orifice. This simplified the surgical repair and allowed direct suture closure of the atrial septal defect in all patients, as the left atrial size was at least doubled. No postoperative complications occurred, and the patients were discharged an average of 4.2 days postoperatively. Restudy at an average of 3.5 years revealed normal pressures and normal architecture by angiography. Use of the descending vein as an integral part of the reconstruction and enlargement of the left atrium was the major technical factor leading to a successful outcome in these patients and eliminating a patch or transposition of the atrial septum.
Differences in interactions with the dopamine transporter as revealed by diminishment of Na+ gradient and membrane potential: Dopamine versus other substrates

Abstract In heterologous cells expressing the dopamine transporter (DAT), simultaneous elevation of intracellular Na+ and depolarization of the membrane with gramicidin reduced the potency of various DAT substrates, including dopamine, d -amphetamine, β-phenethylamine, p-tyramine, and MPP+, in inhibiting binding of the cocaine analog [3H]CFT, with the greatest reduction observed for d -amphetamine. In rat striatal synaptosomes, gramicidin exerted similar effects; in addition, the potency of d -amphetamine was reduced by the Na+-channel activator veratridine. The latter effect was counteracted by the Na+-channel blocker tetrodotoxin. In broken membranes, where, as the situation with gramicidin, both sides of the non-polarized membrane were exposed to 130 mM Na+, gramicidin was ineffective. Dopamine had a potency for membrane preparations that was not significantly different from that for control cells or synaptosomes, while other substrates had potencies for membrane preparations that were reduced to a level similar to those observed in gramicidin-treated cells or synaptosomes. These results suggest that diminishing Na+ gradient and membrane potential may convert DAT to a conformational state that dopamine could easily bind to when gaining free access to its intracellular portion. In contrast, non-dopamine substrates may not be able to readily interact with this state from either side of the membrane.
Nonrandom orientation of transposon Tn5supF insertions in phage lambda

Abstract Transposition of mini-transposon Tn 5supF to phage λ can be selected in two ways: ( i ) by plaque formation on a dnaB amber strain of Escherichia coli , which requires expression of the transposon-borne suppressor tRNA gene ( supF ) during lytic phage growth, or ( ii ) by lysogenization of a strain with amber mutations in tet and amp resistance genes, and selection of Tc R Ap R (Sup + ) transductant colonies. Tn 5supF insertions in several λ clones were isolated and mapped using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method. Among insertions selected during lytic growth, more than 90% were oriented such that supF could be transcribed from an upstream λ promoter. In contrast, half of those selected by transduction were in each orientation. These results indicate that Tn 5supF insertion occurs with equal frequency in each orientation. However, Tn 5supF insertion phages in which transcription from the λ and supF promoters would collide tend to be lost when supF is selected during lytic growth. The tendency to recover Tn 5supF insertions in only one orientation is useful in a transposon- and crossover-PCR-based method for preparing templates for DNA sequencing.
The influence of luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and the uterus on the development of a dependency on LH in the control of progesterone secretion in the pseudopregnant rat.

LH-dependency in pseudopregnant (PSP) rats was determined by the luteolytic response (fall in serum progesterone, shortening of the diestrus duration, and failure of decidual tissue (DT) formation) to treatment with an antiserum to LH (LHAS). PSP rats hypophysectomized and pituitary autotransplanted on day (d) 2 had no luteolytic response to LHAS treatment on either d 8, 9 or 10, while intact PSP rats, bearing a single pituitary homotransplant from d 2 on, had a pronounced response. The pituitary autotransplant-bearing rats had markedly lower serum LH levels than did intact rats; serum prolactin (PRL) was about 60 ng/ml in both autotransplant- and homotransplant-bearing rats. Treatment of the pituitary autotransplantbearing rat with up to 20 μg ovine LH/d from d 2–8 did not induce LH-dependency. Daily treatment of DT-bearing PSP rats (which normally become LH dependent by d 9), however, with LHAS from d 2–11, or from d 2–5 and again on d 9 did not cause any significant change in progesterone secretion, bu...
Alfalfa metabolism of propham

Abstract Root-treated alfalfa absorbs, translocates, and metabolizes [phenyl- 14 C]isopropyl carbanilate ([ 14 C]propham). After 7 days of root treatment, the distribution of radiolabel was 73% for shoots and 27% for roots. Shoots and roots were extracted and separated into the polar, nonpolar, and solid residual components using a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water. The insoluble residues accounted for approximately 40% of the 14 C found in shoots and roots. The nonpolar fraction (6.1% of the radiolabel in shoots and roots) was not characterized, but was shown to be some component other than parent propham. Propham was not found in either shoots or roots. The polar metabolites were partly purified on Amberlite XAD-2. Cellulase-liberated aglycones were derivatized and separated by high-performance liquid and gas-liquid chromatography. The infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data showed that the polar metabolites of alfalfa shoots and roots were glycoside conjugates of isopropyl 2-hydroxycarbanilate (2-hydroxypropham) and isopropyl 4-hydroxycarbanilate (4-hydroxypropham). Conjugated 4-hydroxypropham accounted for 45.9% of the 14 C in the shoots and 3.4% of the 14 C in the roots. Conjugated 2-hydroxypropham accounted for 3.4% of the 14 C in the shoots and 1.4% of the 14 C in the roots.
The crystal structure of N-lithiohexamethyldisilazane, [LiN(SiMe3)2]3

Abstract The crystal structure of [LiN(SiMe3)2]3 has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected by counter methods. N-Lithiohexamethyl-disilazane crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell parameters a 8.848(4), b 31.868(9), c 12.325(4) A, β  104.92(3)°, and ϱcalc, 0.99 g cm−3 for Z  4 trimeric units. Least-squares refinement gave a final conventional R value of 0.050 for 2449 independent observed reflections. In the solid state the compound exists in a trimeric configuration with a planar Li3N3 ring. The average LiN length is 2.00(2) A, and the ring angles are NLiN 147(3)°, and LiNLi  92(2)°. A greater degree of covalency in the title compound compared to Na[N(SiMe3)2] and K[N(SiMe3)2] · 2 C4H8O2 can be inferred from the SiN bond length of 1.729(4) A.
Self-Sealed Vertical Polymeric Nanoporous-Junctions for High-Throughput Nanofluidic Applications

We developed a reliable but simple integration method of polymeric nanostructure in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic channel, for nanofluidic applications. The Nafion polymer junction was creased by infiltrating polymer solution between the gaps created by mechanical cutting, without any photolithography or etching processes. The PDMS can seal itself with the heterogeneous polymeric nanoporous material between the PDMS/PDMS gap due to its flexibility without any (covalent) bonding between PDMS and the polymer materials. Thus, one can easily integrate the nanoporous-junction into a PDMS microchip in a leak-free manner with excellent repeatability. We demonstrated nanofluidic preconcentration of proteins (β-phycoerythrin) using the device. Because the polymeric junction spans across the entire microchannel height, the preconcentration was achieved with high-pressure field or even in large channels, with the dimensions of 1000 μm width × 100 μm depth.
Tunable Spin-Crossover Behavior in Polymethylated Bis(indenyl)chromium(II) Complexes: The Significance of Benzo-Ring Substitution

The magnetic properties of monomeric bis(indenyl)chromium(II) complexes are sensitive to the relative orientation of the ligands (staggered, eclipsed, or gauche), regardless of whether such a conformation is imposed by sterically bulky substituents or is a consequence of crystal-packing forces. The staggered monomethylated compound (2-MeC9H6)2Cr has previously been found to display a high-spin state in the solid state and solution, whereas the monomeric (1-MeC9H6)2Cr is eclipsed in the solid state and exhibits spin-crossover behavior over a wide temperature range. The present work examines the synthesis, structures, and magnetic properties of polymethylated indenyl complexes containing two, three, and five substituents on the indenyl ligand. Methyl groups on the benzo portion appear to be critical in supporting a low-spin ground state; the order of the preference to exist as a low-spin complex is approximately (2,4,5,6,7-Me5C9H2)2Cr > (2,4,7-Me3C9H4)2Cr ≈ (4,7-Me2C9H5)2Cr > (1,2,3-Me3C9H4)2Cr > (1-MeC9H6)...
Gentamicin:Adenine Mononucleotide Transferase: Partial Purification, Characterization, and Use in the Clinical Quantitation of Gentamicin

tide substrate with a Km of 61 tM; however, 2'-deoxy ATP, guanosine-5'-triphosphate, uridine-5'-triphosphate, and cytidine-5'-triphosphate can also be used. Data were obtained that suggested the products of the reaction are gentamicin adenine mononucleotide and pyrophosphate. GAT was used to measure concentrations of gentamicin in serum, urine, and bile. In these fluids, quantitation of added gentamicin gave values within 10% of theoretical. Correlation of the enzymatic assay of gentamicin in serum was excellent with the 18-hr microbiologic method (r = 0.952), as well as with the more rapid microbiologic technique (r = 0.934). Similar correlation coefficients were obtained when urine was examined. GAT appears to offer a rapid, specific, and sensitive means of quantitating gentamicin and certain other aminoglycoside antibiotics in body fluids.
Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat.

Abstract We studied the relationship between somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) recorded with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and hemoglobin responses recorded non-invasively with diffuse optical imaging (DOI) during parametrically varied electrical forepaw stimulation in rats. Using these macroscopic techniques we verified that the hemodynamic response is not linearly coupled to the somatosensory evoked potentials, and that a power or threshold law best describes the coupling between SEP and the hemoglobin response, in agreement with the results of most invasive studies. We decompose the SEP response in three components (P1, N1, and P2) to determine which best predicts the hemoglobin response. We found that N1 and P2 predict the hemoglobin response significantly better than P1 and the input stimuli (S). Previous electrophysiology studies reported in the literature show that P1 originates in layer IV directly from thalamocortical afferents, while N1 and P2 originate in layers I and II and reflect the majority of local cortico–cortical interactions. Our results suggest that the evoked hemoglobin response is driven by the cortical synaptic activity and not by direct thalamic input. The N1 and P2 components, and not P1, need to be considered to correctly interpret neurovascular coupling.
Perinatal observations in a high-risk population managed without intrapartum fetal pH studies☆

Intrapartum fetal scalp blood pH studies remain controversial in obstetrics. Electronic fetal monitoring, by contrast, has achieved nearly uniform acceptance. Controlled comparative studies from one institution are unlikely to provide adequate numbers. Intrapartum fetal monitoring is used consistently at our institution. Fetal health is assessed by monitoring criteria, and intervention occurs only for obstetric or monitoring indications. With the presumption that intrapartum compromise and its management will usually be reflected in early neonatal findings, three recent years of perinatal results in a predominantly high-risk population of over 7100 deliveries are reported. Comparisons are made to results of other similar populations managed elsewhere with and without pH studies. Absence of pH studies did not appear to result in extraordinary rates of stillbirth, operative intervention, or neonatal compromise. The data are offered for interest but cannot by themselves prove the lack of worth of a test not used.
Israeli withdrawal: Sowing seeds of peace in Gaza

The Israeli withdrawal from Gaza has created a unique opportunity to end poverty and misery in the lives of Gaza's Palestinians. The way forward, the article suggests, is economic development and it lists many initiatives that could be implemented in the region to this end.
Kinds of Keys of student ratings of faculty teaching effectiveness

Three substudies of effects of different formats on student ratings of faculty teaching effectiveness were conducted. One substudy, Kinds of Keys, investigated three main kinds of keys: Agreement, Evaluation, and Needs Improvement. The second, NO TUP, investigated numbers of positive rating categories. The third, Item Wording Direction, investigated the same items worded positively, negatively, and neutrally, respectively. Practically important differences in level of ratings obtained in Kinds of Keys and practically and statistically significant differences obtained in NO TUP and Item Wording Direction. It was concluded that additional research is necessary to determine if apparent differences in teaching effectiveness are actually differences in teaching effectiveness or differences due to the methods of measurement.
Advancing the Study of Violence Against Women: Evolving Research Agendas Into Science

Decades of research produced by multiple disciplines has documented withering rates of violence against women in the United States and around the globe. To further an understanding of gendered violence, a field of research has developed, but recent critiques have highlighted weaknesses that inhibit a full scientific exploration of these crimes and their impacts. This review extends beyond prior reviews to explore the field's unique challenges, its community of scientists, and the state of its written knowledge. The review argues for moving beyond “research agendas” and proposes creation of a transdisciplinary science for the field of study of violence against women.
Local normal modes and vibrational adiabatic potentials

Abstract Local normal-mode analysis for a collinear potential energy surface generates a system of curvilinear coordinates, which are orthogonal in the mass-skewed system. The motion is locally separable in these coordinates. We compare the utility of one of the normal modes as a transversal-vibration coordinate, with the conventional choice of the direction perpendicular to the reaction coordinate in the mass-skewed system. The comparison is done for two commonly used reaction coordinates: BEBO and the steepest-descent path. Results differ for different choices of directions and reaction coordinates. Future work should concentrate on a choice of a reaction coordinate which is itself one of the normal modes.
The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

Although commentators periodically declare that Freud is dead, his repeated burials lie on shaky grounds. Critics typically attack an archaic version of psychodynamic theory that most clinicians similarly consider obsolete. Central to contemporary psychodynamic theory is a series of propositions about (a) unconscious cognitive, affective, and motivational processes; (b) ambivalence and the tendency for affective and motivational dynamics to operate in parallel and produce compromise solutions; (c) the origins of many personality and social dispositions in childhood; (d) mental representations of the self, others, and relationships; and (e) developmental dynamics. An enormous body of research in cognitive, social, developmental, and personality psychology now supports many of these propositions. Freud's scientific legacy has implications for a wide range of domains in psychology, such as integration of affective and motivational constraints into connectionist models in cognitive science.