cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Underuse of cardiovascular preventive pharmacotherapy in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background Multiple medications have proven efficacy for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the appropriate patient population remains controversial. Even in the presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, many patients are not considered high risk and are not offered preventive medications despite proven efficacy. Methods We analyzed a prospective cohort of 1,710 consecutive ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated in a regional STEMI system from May 2007 to July 2010 and enrolled in a comprehensive database that includes preadmission medications. Results Of the 1,707 patients analyzed, 1,180 (69.1%) did not have known CHD before their event; and 482 (41.7%) of those patients had premature events (men P value P value P value Conclusions Approximately 70% of a contemporary STEMI population did not have known CHD before their event, and > 40% of those events would be considered premature. Despite the significant burden of cardiovascular risk factors, use of preventive therapy was alarmingly low in patients presenting with STEMI.
Distributed convergence to Nash equilibria by adversarial networks with undirected topologies

This paper considers a class of strategic scenarios in which two undirected networks of agents have opposing objectives with regards to the optimization of a common objective function. In the resulting zero-sum game, individual agents collaborate with neighbors in their respective network and have only partial knowledge of the state of the agents in the other one. We synthesize a distributed saddle-point algorithm that is implementable via local interactions and establish its convergence to the set of Nash equilibria for a class of strictly concave-convex and locally Lipschitz objective functions. Our algorithm synthesis builds on a continuous-time optimization strategy for finding the set of minimizers of a sum of convex functions in a distributed way. As a byproduct, we show that this strategy can be itself cast as a saddle-point dynamics and use this fact to establish its asymptotic convergence properties. The technical approach combines tools from algebraic graph theory, nonsmooth analysis, set-valued dynamical systems, and game theory.
The Relationship between Content Knowledge and Topic Choice in Writing

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the role of content knowledge on topic choice in writing. Children's knowledge on topics they wanted to write about (want topics), on topics they did not want to write about (don't-want topics), and on topics the teacher chose (teacher topics) was measured using Langer's topic-specific knowledge measure. Results showed that children had significantly more knowledge, as assessed by the fluency and combined knowledge measures, on the want topics compared to the don't-want topics. In addition, children had significantly more knowledge on the want topics than on the teacher topics. There was no significant difference in knowledge between the children's don't-want topics and the teacher topics. These findings not only demonstrate the significant role of content knowledge on one writing process, topic choice, but also add support to students' self-selection of writing topics.
Social acceptance: Threats to effective smart grid deployment and power systems resilience

Resilient systems minimize the impact of disruptive events. They effectively and efficiently employ social, technological, organizational, and other resources to rapidly return a system to normal function after natural or man made disasters. The smart grid has been touted as one such system. However, the literature highlights the lack of social resilience as a major deficiency in power systems resilience. This study includes results of an end-user survey to determine the underlying drivers of social acceptance of smart grid technology, such as smart meters. This information is valuable for incorporating end user behavior into designs for system resilience.
The epidemic of pediatric traffic injuries in south Florida : A review of the problem and initial results of a prospective surveillance strategy

This study identified specific regional risk factors for the high rate of pediatric pedestrian trauma in Florida. Of the 29 cases studied prospectively, 3 (10%) occurred near ice cream trucks and 13 (45%) involved “dart-outs”; mean hospital charges were $24 478 ±$43 939. Recommendations included an engineering change for a dangerous intersection, and a population-based recommendation was to equip ice cream trucks with extending stop signs.
B Haplotype Influence on the Relative Efficacy of Marek’s Disease Vaccines in Commercial Chickens

The objectives were to investigate whether or not B haplotypes influence vaccinal immunity against Marek's disease (MD) in commercial chickens and to evaluate whether retrospective analysis would detect the influence. This method involved evaluating the B haplotypes of turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-vaccinated sick vs normal chickens from a flock afflicted with MD symptoms. An analysis of the retrospective data disclosed that MD symptoms were present in a higher proportion of B2B19 than B2B21 chickens. A prospective study was then conducted with blood-typed chickens of the strain vaccinated with HVT or HVT + 301B bivalent MD vaccines prior to inoculation of the very virulent Md5 virus. The bivalent vaccine provided better protection than HVT alone, but with either vaccine fewer B2B21 chickens developed MD lesions. We conclude that the B haplotype influence on vaccinal immunity against MD previously demonstrated in B-congenic strains of chickens is also significant in commercial chickens and that the influence can be detected through analysis of B haplotypes in sick vs normal chickens of an affected flock.
Preparation and lipase-catalyzed optical resolution of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(naphthyl)ethanols

The optical resolution of racemic 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(naphthyl)ethanols (TFNEs) was achieved by lipase-catalyzed enantioselective acetylation with vinyl acetate in octane, S-acetates and R-alcohols being obtained. The introduction of a methyl group into the naphthalene ring at the 4-position (2b) or the 2-position (2c) markedly decreased the reactivity, in particular for 2c. 2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-(1-naphthyl)ethanol (2a) behaved differently from the regio-isomer, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol (2d): The enantioselectivity of lipases [LIP (Pseudomonas), PLC (Alcaligenes), and ALC (Achromobacter)] was high for 2a but low for 2d, whereas lipases [AK and PS (Pseudomonas)] exhibited higher selectivity for 2d than for 2a. Three other derivatives, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(phenyl)ethanol (2e), 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(indol-3-yl)ethanol (2f), and 1-(1-naphthyl)ethanol (2g), were prepared, and their behaviors with respect to lipase-catalyzed acetylation were compared with 2a.
The Liudhard medalet

Although it is a precious and rare material testament to the introduction of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, the Liudhard medalet (pl. I) has received surprisingly little scholarly attention. It is scarcely known to art historians. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the emblem on the reverse of the issue, and to offer an hypothesis on its meaning. Discovered ‘some years’ before 1844 with other gold coins – looped for suspension as if for a necklace of medalets – and jewellery in or near the churchyard of St Martin's, Canterbury, and published in 1845, the medalet recently has been convincingly assigned to a group of grave goods deposited c . 580–90. Besides the coin in question, the group included an Italian tremissis of Justin II, a Germanic tremissis of unsure origin, a Merovingian solidus struck by Leudulf at Ivegio vico and two tremisses from southern France, the first from Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, the second from Agen. Today these objects are in Liverpool, and Philip Grierson has persuasively argued for the inclusion of a Merovingian tremissis in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, as once forming part of the deposit. Most likely all the coins of the Canterbury group were issued during the second half of the sixth century.
Survival Rate of Immediately vs Delayed Loaded Implants: Analysis of the Current Literature

Abstract Immediate loading of oral implants has been reported as a beneficial treatment protocol in implant dentistry that increases the comfort of the patient. However, documentation in the litera...
Ubiquitin Connects with Planar Cell Polarity

Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates the orientation of cells in epithelia and of mesenchymal cells during gastrulation. In this issue, Narimatsu et al. (2009) report that the Smurf E3 ubiquitin ligases are required for localized protein degradation of a core PCP factor to generate cellular asymmetry.
Adaptive (neural network) control in computer-integrated-manufacturing

Adaptive control using neural network processors is proposed for use in a highly distributed CIM environment. First, neural network concepts are used to represent and to model knowledge in robotics and factory automation. Then, the model loaded into a neurocomputer serves as the distributed, adaptive, real-time controller in a CIM environment. The adaptive control problem is defined, and the neural network approach is presented. >
Exploring Advanced Euclidean Geometry with GeoGebra: Applications of the Theorem of Menelaus

The theorem of Menelaus is powerful and has interesting consequences in a variety of situations. This chapter contains a sampling of corollaries. Tangent lines and angle bisectors The first applications are simple results about how tangent lines and angle bisectors intersect the sidelines of the triangle. All the proofs in this section rely on the trigonometric form of Menelaus's theorem. Exercises *11.1.1. Construct a triangle and its circumscribed circle. For each vertex of the triangle, construct the line that is tangent to the circumcircle at that point. Mark the point at which the line that is tangent at a vertex intersects the opposite sideline of the triangle. Verify that the three points you have marked are collinear. Under what conditions is one or more of the intersection points an ideal point? 11.1.2. Let Δ ABC be a triangle. Prove that the lines that are tangent to the circumcircle of Δ ABC at the vertices of the triangle cut the opposite sidelines at three collinear points (Figure 11.1). Hint: Use Euclid's Proposition III.32. *11.1.3. Construct a triangle Δ ABC . At each vertex, construct the line that bisects the two exterior angles at that vertex. Mark the point at which the bisector intersects the opposite sideline. Verify that the three points you have marked are collinear. Under what conditions is one of more of the intersection points an ideal point?
CD8 T cell detection of bacterial infection: sniffing for formyl peptides derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Bacteria remain a major cause of human disease and a formidable foe of the mammalian immune system. Bacter-ial entry into normally sterile compartments has long been recognized as a potential calamity for the mammalian host, in the most extreme circumstances resulting in circulatory collapse and multiorgan failure. In contrast to viruses, most bacteria are self-sufficient, producing their own lipid membranes, cell walls, nucleic acids, and proteins. Although many synthetic pathways used by bacteria and mammals are similar, others are subtly different and some are completely distinct. The mammalian immune system has evolved an array of mechanisms to recognize and respond to these distinct bacterial products upon infection. While it has been appreciated for over a century that the mammalian immune system uses receptors to specifically recognize bacterial products and initiate inflammatory defenses upon infection, the last decade has witnessed the molecular characterization of a number of remarkable pathways of immune defense against bacteria.
Ulnar forearm free flaps in head and neck reconstruction: systematic review of the literature and a case report.

Objective: Under the assumption that the ulnar artery is the predominant blood supply to the hand, radial forearm free flaps (RFFF) generally have been preferred over ulnar forearm free flaps (UFFF) in head and neck reconstruction. The objective of this study is to create the first and only systematic review of the literature regarding UFFF in head and neck reconstruction, assessing the usage, morbidity, complications, and rationale of its use. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, including Mesh terms and manual searches. Articles not in English were excluded. Results: Seventeen articles of the 80 articles identified by our search criteria met inclusion criteria; a total of 682 cases of UFFF were identified, including our patient case. Fifty-five percent of the cases involved use of the Allen's test. Mean flap size was 6.1 × 10.5 cm. Of the 432 cases reporting flap survival, 14 (3.2%) flap losses were reported, 13 total (3.0%), and one partial (0.2%). The UFFF was preferred to the RFFF due to decreased hirsutism (61%), better cosmetic outcomes (91%), and better post-operative hand function with reduced donor site morbidity (73%). For the case report, an UFFF was used successfully for lid reconstruction and resurfacing in a 72-year-old man who presented with late ectropion and exposure keratopathy following maxillary resection for leiomyosarcoma. Conclusions: This is the first and only systematic review of the literature to date of UFFF in head and neck reconstruction. Our review demonstrates that the UFFF rarely results in flap loss, donor site morbidity, or hand ischemia, instead providing enhanced outcomes. With its many surgeon-perceived advantages and minimal morbidity, the UFFF may become a preferred forearm flap for head and neck reconstruction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:68–75, 2014.
A Checklist of the Darkling Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Maryland, with Notes on the Species Recorded from Plummers Island Through the 20th Century

ABSTRACT Species occurrences of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are listed for the historically collected locality of Plummers Island, Maryland, on the Potomac River just upstream from Washington, D.C. The list is compared to that of the currently known Maryland species, which includes a number of new state records and range extensions. Notes on some of these occurrences and the absence of certain species are discussed. Maryland records from multiple sources now total 128 species of this family of insects. Plummers Island records, from the beginning of the 20th century to the present, include nearly 50% of the state's fauna, and an additional 25% of the state's tenebrionids are expected there.
Synthesis of Gold Containing Functionalized Polymers

Modification of structure-property relationships of functionalized polymers (e.g., ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, EAA) by the introduction of dispersed heavy metal atoms or small clusters can lead to materials with interesting new reflectivity and energy scattering properties. To date, research in these areas have not been well explored. Gold and heavy elements close to it in the periodic table are particularly interesting as modifiers due to their special reflectivity properties for various type of high energy radiation, including accelerated particles. In recent years the introduction of gold as HAuCl4into polyimide films has been shown to modify the thermal properties of this polymer.
The Combined Influence of Dietary Flaxseed Variety, Level, Form, and Storage Conditions on Egg Production and Composition Among Vitamin E-Supplemented Hens

Abstract Trial 1 tested the effects of ground vs whole flaxseed at dietary levels of 5, 10, or 15% compared to a corn-soybean or fish oil control on egg production of Leghorn hens over a period of 8 wk. Dietary flaxseed decreased feed consumption, weight gain, and egg weights compared to the control diets; however, flaxseed and fish oil significantly improved egg production (88.9 and 93.0%, respectively) compared to the control (83.1%). Incorporation of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) into the egg increased linearly as the level of dietary flaxseed increased (2.31, 4.18, or 6.83% of the yolk fatty acids for 5, 10, and 15% flaxseed diets, respectively). In Trial 1, flaxseed and fish oil significantly increased percentage white and decreased percentage yolk compared to the control treatment but had no effects on egg cholesterol. Trial 2 was a factorial design of varieties of flaxseed (brown vs golden), types (ground vs whole), levels of dietary vitamin E (27 vs 50 IU/kg), and feed storage temperatures (4 vs 21 C) fed to hens for 6 wk. Brown flaxseed significantly increased egg weight and egg production compared to the golden variety. There was no difference in whole vs ground flaxseed for measured production variables. Vitamin E (50 IU) significantly improved egg production (96.1 vs 94.3%) compared to 27 IU. Storage temperature of flaxseed did not significantly affect any production variables. In conclusion, dietary flaxseed can be safely added whole to layer diets up to 15% without any detrimental effects on hen-day egg production. Levels of 10 to 15% flaxseed yield eggs with 4 to 7% yolk n-3 fatty acids, respectively, making these eggs rich sources of n-3 fatty acids.
Programming ad-hoc networks of mobile and resource-constrained devices

Ad-hoc networks of mobile devices such as smart phones and PDAs represent a new and exciting distributed system architecture. Building distributed applications on such an architecture poses new design challenges in programming models, languages, compilers, and runtime systems. This paper discusses SpatialViews, a high-level language designed for programming mobile devices connected through a wireless ad-hoc network. SpatialViews allows specification of virtual networks with nodes providing desired services and residing in interesting spaces. These nodes are discovered dynamically with user-specified time constraints and quality of result (QoR). The programming model supports "best-effort" semantics, i.e., different executions of the same program may result in "correct" answers of different quality. It is the responsibility of the compiler and runtime system to produce a high-quality answer for the particular network and resource conditions encountered during program execution. Four applications, which exercise different features of the SpatialViews language, are presented to demonstrate the expressiveness of the language and the efficiency of the compiler generated code. The applications are an application that collects and aggregates sensor data in network, an application that performs dynamic service installation, a mobile camera application that supports computation offloading for image understanding, and an augmented-reality (AR) Pacman game. The efficiency of the compiler generated code is verified through simulation and physical measurements. The reported results show that SpatialViews is an expressive and effective language for ad-hoc networks. In addition, compiler optimizations can significantly improve response times and energy consumption.
Steroid responses to ACTH-like polypeptides.

ABSTRACT The intravenous administration in 6 hr of 75 U of purified porcine ACTH, or of commercial ACTH or of 0.75 mg of a synthetic ACTH-like polypeptide representing, from the N-terminus, amino acid residues 1-24, 1-23, or 1-20 of this hormone produced comparable increases in plasma 11-(OH) corticosteroids. Hence, full corticotropin activity as reflected by increases in plasma corticosteroids was manifested by synthetic molecules about ½ the size of the natural product. Moreover, 0.25 mg of the polypeptide composed of 24 amino acid residues proved to be equal to 75 U of purified porcine ACTH in raising plasma steroids during a prolonged 6-hr intravenous infusion, establishing that ACTH and the shorter synthetic molecule are at least equipotent on a molar basis. A synthetic MSH-type molecule, representing the first 13 amino acid residues of ACTH, did not have this property in man. The 0.75 mg dosage of the polypeptide representing amino acid residues 1–24 yielded the same increase in plasma 11-(OH) corti...
Enteric Protein Loss After the Fontan Operation

Objective The current study was undertaken to assess the frequency of excessive enteric protein loss and protein-losing enteropathy in the relatively early period after the Fontan operation. Design Protein excretion was determined in 26 of 27 consecutive patients who underwent the Fontan procedure between January and June 1990 at the Mayo Clinic. Material and Methods At two testing intervals during the first 4 months after the Fontan operation, α 1 -antitrypsin clearance and fecal α 1 -antitrypsin concentration studies were done. Results All results were normal for the first postoperative test period (2 to 8 weeks). For the second study period, all 17 patients tested had normal α 1 -antitrypsin clearances. One of the 17 patients had an appreciably increased fecal α 1 -antitrypsin concentration and transient protein-losing enteropathy. Conclusion Excessive enteric protein loss and protein-losing enteropathy are relatively uncommon during the first 4 months after the Fontan operation.
Dichloroacetic acid induction of peroxisome proliferation in cultured hepatocytes

Trichloroethylene is a widespread industrial solvent and one of the most common environmental contaminants. Trichloroethylene causes hepatocarcinoma in the B6C3F1 mouse in a dose-dependent manner. Trichloroethylene's hepatocarcinogenicity is thought to be mediated through its metabolites trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate. Although the mechanism of action is not well understood, hepatic tumors are thought to arise as a result of excessive peroxisome-dependent active oxygen production or secondary to enhanced cell replication. The peroxisome proliferative activity of trichloroacetate has been replicated in cultured rodent hepatocytes, while that of dichloroacetate has not been demonstrated. The present experiments were designed to characterize the peroxisome proliferative response to dichloroacetate in hepatocyte cultures from male B6C3F1 mice and male Long Evans rats. The cultured hepatocytes were treated after attachment with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mM dichloroacetate for 72 hours. Peroxisome proliferation was assessed by measuring palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and by immunoquantitation of peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme. Palmitoyl CoA oxidation increased in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal induction of 5.5- and 5-fold in mouse and rat hepatocytes, respectively, after treatment with 2.0 mM dichloroacetate. Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme protein levels also increased in a concentration-dependent manner in both rat and mouse hepatocytes in response to dichloroacetate exposure. These results indicate that the peroxisomal response observed in vivo in response to dichloroacetate administration can be reproduced in primary cultures of rat and mouse hepatocytes treated with dichloroacetate. Further studies using this model system will help elucidate mechanisms of dichloroacetate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 12: 351–359, 1998
Focus on … Nursery School, Kindergarten, Primary, Intermediate

(1965). Focus on: … Nursery School, Kindergarten, Primary, Intermediate. Childhood Education: Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 250-251, 260.
Preferential migration of regulatory T cells mediated by glioma-secreted chemokines can be blocked with chemotherapy

Despite the immunogenicity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), immune-mediated eradication of these tumors remains deficient. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood and within the tumor microenvironment of GBM patients are known to contribute to their dismal immune responses. Here, we determined which chemokine secreted by gliomas can preferentially induce Treg recruitment and migration. In the malignant human glioma cell lines D-54, U-87, U-251, and LN-229, the chemokines CCL22 and CCL2 were detected by intracellular cytokine analysis. Furthermore, tumor cells from eight patients with GBM had a similar chemokine expression profile. However, only CCL2 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicating that CCL2 may be the principal chemokine for Treg migration in GBM patients. Interestingly, the Tregs from GBM patients had significantly higher expression levels of the CCL2 receptor CCR4 than did Tregs from healthy controls. Glioma supernatants and the recombinant human chemokines CCL2 and CCL22 induced Treg migration and were blocked by antibodies to the chemokine receptors. Production of CCL2 by glioma cells could also be mitigated by the chemotherapeutic agents temozolomide and carmustine [3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea]. Our results indicate that gliomas augment immunosuppression by selective chemokine-mediated recruitment of Tregs into the tumor microenvironment and that modulating this interaction with chemotherapy could facilitate the development of novel immunotherapeutics to malignant gliomas.
Does Growth Hormone Therapy in Conjunction With Resistance Exercise Increase Muscle Force Production and Muscle Mass in Men and Women Aged 60 Years or Older

Advancing age is associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle protein and muscle force production, a syndrome referred to as sarcopenia . This process occurs during normal aging, but it is accelerated by physical inactivity and degenerative or other disease conditions.1 Decreased muscle mass and force production are associated with an increased risk of falling2 and, therefore, an increased risk for hip fracture.3 Reduced muscle force production with aging can also result in physical disability and frailty1 and in a loss of independent function,4 and it contributes to escalating health care costs.5 Our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for sarcopenia is limited. The most obvious intervention is exercise, but the feasibility and effectiveness of exercise in this population are still under investigation. Pharmacological and nutritional interventions for sarcopenia have been proposed,6–8 but preliminary evidence is not encouraging.6–15 Efficacious interventions for elderly people need to enhance both muscle protein mass and force production. The biological consequences of advancing age and the progressive decline in physical activity with age contribute to sarcopenia. Exercise, especially resistance exercise training, has the potential to improve overall fitness and quality of life. The physiological and functional benefits of increased muscle activity, even into the ninth decade of life, have been reported.16 Thus, human skeletal muscle protein maintains the ability to respond to, and adapt favorably to, exercise-induced increases in contractile activity throughout the life span. The ability to adapt with advancing age, however, may be somewhat limited by other biological processes. For example, circulating concentrations and the pulsatile release patterns of several hormones that regulate metabolism are reduced with advancing age.7–9,12,17–21 By virtue of their anabolic actions on body proteins, low serum growth hormone …
Probabilistic analysis of divide‐and‐conquer heuristics for minimum weighted euclidean matching

The expected costs of the matchings found by various divide-and-conquer heuristic algorithms are calculated, under the assumption that the vertices to be matched are uniformly distributed in the unit square. The expected times of the algorithms are calculated as well.
Scent‐Matching Dogs Determine Number of Unique Individuals From Scat

Noninvasive scat sampling methods can generate large samples sizes, collected over vast landscapes, ideal for addressing wildlife conservation and management questions. However, the cost of genotyping scat samples limits the accessibility of these techniques. We describe detection-dog methods for matching large numbers of scat samples to the individual, reducing or eliminating the need for sample genotyping. Three dogs correctly matched 25 out of 28 samples from 6 captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) of known identity. Sample scent-matching can increase overall accessibility and breadth of applications of noninvasive scat-collection methods to important landscape scale problems in wildlife sciences.
Freud on “Mind-Body” I: The Psychoneurobiological and “Instinctualist” Stance; with Implications for Chapter 24, and Two Postscripts

This chapter is partly a postscript to Chapter 24, because some of my thinking on mind-body has been influenced by Freud’s. Moreover, because many psychiatrists are mostly aware of the heavily psychological orientation of psychoanalysts (although a segment of these analysts is becoming more interested in neurobiology), they may be surprised by Freud’s early and career-long neuropsychiatric bent and concern with the neurobiological aspects of both human psychology and the discipline he founded. Moreover, as mentioned, large parts of this chapter are equivalent to the development of my third stance on mind-body: “identity theory.” I try to avoid, as consistently as possible, use of the term “mental” because of the ontically dualistic connotations it carries for some. As I see it, “mental” refers to the image-laden/symbolically mediated activity of the molar human organism-in-interaction-with-ambience: motivation, cognition, affect, apperception, phenomenology, behavior, communication, and, last, but hardly least, self-reflective consciousness. Generally, I prefer the term “psychological” to that of “mental” or to Freud’s terms “psyche,” “psychical,” or “psychic” (from the ambiguous German “Seele”). Nonetheless, such locutions are so deeply-embedded in our language, that I can hardly avoid using them altogether.
Effects of weaning age and source of energy on beef calf performance, carcass characteristics, and economics

ABSTRACT Angus and Angus × Simmental calves (steers, n = 131; heifers, n = 69) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments at 2 locations: early-wean starch; early-wean fiber; creep-fed starch; creep-fed fiber; or normal-wean, no-creep control. Early-weaned calves (133 ± 21 d of age) were placed in the feedlot, whereas normal-weaned calves remained with their dams on pasture (2 or 3 replications/location). Creep feed was offered for ad libitum DMI to calves fed creep-fed starch and creep-fed fiber. In the growing phase, early-wean-starch calves had 15% lower DMI and were 13% more efficient than early-wean-fiber calves (P
The Effect of a Short Pulse of Current on Small Particles in a Conducting Fluid

This letter describes the effect of a heavy current pulse, of approximately 10 kA, produced by a charge capacitor bank, on a small volume of liquid metal, confined in a cylindrical container (tube diameter is 1 cm and tube length is about 10 cm). The liquid metal contamination implies the presence of microscopic nonconducting particles. Theoretical consideration shows that a typical heavy current pulse of 15 msec duration leads to extremely large Lorentz force, due to the appearance of a self-induced magnetic field. Even though the particle contaminants are of micron size they can be moved by this force to macroscopic distances. Such a motion phenomenon can be used in the development of a cleanliness control system.
Category I i Cyclization—The Hemetsberger Synthesis

A solution of sodium methoxide (25% w, 115 ml, 532 mmol) in methanol (187 ml) was cooled to -8 O C under nitrogen. A solution of 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (25 g, 128 mmol) and methyl azidoacetate (59 g, 513 mmol) in a 1:2 mixture of methanol–THF (50ml + 100ml) was added dropwise to the sodium methoxide solution with stirring at 8 O C over a period of 45 min. The solution was stirred and kept below 5 O C for 2 h. The mixture was then poured onto ice (1 kg) and stirred. The precipitate, which resulted was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried over CaCl 2 in a vacuum desiccator. The dried precipitate was dissolved in EtOAc (600ml) and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . Evaporation of the solvent gave the product as bright yellow crystals (27.6 g) in 74% yield. The cinnamate ester prepared as above (23.2 g, 79 mmol) was added as a solid slowly to refluxing xylene (500 ml) over a period of 3 h at a rate that prevented accumulation of unreacted azidocinnamate in the solution. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from methanol to give pure product (20.7 g, 99% yield).
The coincidence of placenta previa and congenital malformations

Abstract In 1923, Greenhill 1 found references in the literature to 15 instances in which the birth of a congenitally malformed infant had been complicated by placenta previa; to this number, he added 6 cases from his own experience. These observations, together with a consideration of the theories dealing with the origin of placenta previa and congenital defects, led him to conclude: (1) “... that there is a not infrequent association between the two conditions,” and (2) “... that the monsters associated with placenta previa are due to the faulty relation between the placenta and the fetus which gives rise to arrests in development.” No reports dealing with this association have appeared in the intervening years. This fact can be explained by the relative infrequency of the conditions as they occur independently of each other. Lack of such data, together with the opportunity afforded by my investigation of families possessing congenitally malformed children, prompted the writing of this report.
Targeted Killing, Human Rights and Ungoverned Spaces: Considering Territorial State Human Rights Obligations

This brief commentary considers the potential effect of a territorial state’s international human rights obligations on the law governing targeted killings. It posits that these obligations should limit permissible attacks by an attacking state when the territorial state is not party to an armed conflict with the relevant non-state actor, particularly when a territorial state consents to the attacking state’s actions. It also argues that a territorial state’s extraterritorial human rights obligations provides support for an attacking state’s right to resort to force in the territorial state when it fails to suppress a resident threat. It concludes by briefly suggesting that recognizing the necessity of effective governance to the preservation of human rights could prompt the development of an international law of ungoverned spaces, perhaps best thought of as “international martial law.”
The Case for Endovascular Intervention in All Acute Type B Dissections

Acute type B aortic dissection is a complex pathological process with variable clinical manifestations ranging from uncomplicated vascular involvement to complicated sequelae that can be catastrophic. Specific treatment strategies are determined by a combination of location and extent of the dissection, time from onset of symptoms, co-morbid patient risk factors, and dissection-related complications such as branch vessel (arch, visceral, lower extremity) ischemic compromise or impending rupture. Despite significant improvement in operative mortality for acute type B dissections, it remains high in the presence of visceral ischemia and rupture. The recent development of endovascular interventions provides a less invasive, more expeditious management alternative to stabilize the dissection, prevent rupture, and restore critical branch vessel perfusion. The option of endovascular treatment includes a suite of procedures including aortic stent-graft placement, percutaneous balloon fenestration of the dissection septum, and branch vessel stenting. Currently, endovascular intervention for acute complicated type B dissections is generally accepted as an appropriate treatment modality. It remains unclear however, whether stent-graft placement for uncomplicated type B dissection is beneficial in preventing disease progression. Ongoing and future randomized trials may help to create a consensus regarding the advisability of intervening acutely on all type B aortic dissections.
Stress Fracture of the Tibial Tubercle in a Collegiate Volleyball Player

Tibial tubercle stress fracture should be suspected when a history of running or repetitive jumping, without trauma, is present, particularly in patients with a presumed diagnosis of insertional patellar tendinitis who do not respond to adequete nonoperative treatment.
&#926;-filters

A new family of nonlinear digital convolution filters is described having unusual and valuable properties. The response is constant phase over the entire input frequency range and, in some forms, no signal whatsoever is passed beyond the cutoff frequency and side-lobes are identically zero. By simply iterating the transform upon which a Ξ-filter is based without changing the size of the convolution kernel, the cutoff frequency may be varied. Use of Ξ-filters is analyzed and demonstrated as applied to ultrahigh-speed image processing using table-lookup computation.
The Response of Connective Tissue Associated with Tumors of the Skin

13 have described the histologic changes that result from the application of coal tar carcinogens to the dermis. Gersh and Catchpole 3 suggested that depolynierization of mucopolysaccharides of the ground substance may have a role in the invasion of connective tissue by tumors. Simpson 16 has indicated that mucolytic enzymes may be elaborated by undifferentiated epithelial cells, and suggested that these enzymes may act as a spreading factor to promote invasion by malignant tumors through deg­ radation of the ground substance. Fanger and Barker 2 described variations in the metachromatic response of the dermis associated with a variety of tumors. They suggested that the alterations in the con­ nective tissue are a proliferative response of the connective tissue to the tumor. The study described in this paper deals with the reaction of connective tissue to benign and malignant lesions of human skin.
Design of electric energy acquisition terminal testing system of the power plants and stations

In recent years,the construction of electric energy telemetering systems had been energetically promoted around country.The test of communication protocol and terminal function is a time-consuming and laborious job,but it is an essential task of building systems.The paper develops a testing system of electric energy acquisition terminal according to the demands of electric energy telemetering systems.This system consists of communication channel devices and master station.It can be used not only as a tool for debugging communication protocol,but also a test platform for terminal products acceptance.The efficiency of testing work has been greatly enhanced since the system is put into use,and the testing system plays an important role in the construction of electric energy telemetering systems in Guangdong regional power grid.
Simulation and Analysis Engine for Scale-Out Workloads

We introduce a system-level Simulation and Analysis Engine (SAE) framework based on dynamic binary instrumentation for fine-grained and customizable instruction-level introspection of everything that executes on the processor. SAE can instrument the BIOS, kernel, drivers, and user processes. It can also instrument multiple systems simultaneously using a single instrumentation interface, which is essential for studying scale-out applications. SAE is an x86 instruction set simulator designed specifically to enable rapid prototyping, evaluation, and validation of architectural extensions and program analysis tools using its flexible APIs. It is fast enough to execute full platform workloads---a modern operating system can boot in a few minutes---thus enabling research, evaluation, and validation of complex functionalities related to multicore configurations, virtualization, security, and more. To reach high speeds, SAE couples tightly with a virtual platform and employs both a just-in-time (JIT) compiler that helps simulate simple instructions efficiently and a fast interpreter for simulating new or complex instructions. We describe SAE's architecture and instrumentation engine design and show the framework's usefulness for single- and multi-system architectural and program analysis studies.
Generation of HIV Resistant and Functional Macrophages From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abstract Abstract 562 Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have radically advanced the field of regenerative medicine by making possible the production of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells from adult individuals. By developing iPSCs to treat HIV, there is the potential for generating a continuous supply of therapeutic cells for transplantation into HIV infected patients. In this study, we have utilized human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to generate anti-HIV gene expressing iPSCs for HIV gene therapy. HSCs were de-differentiated into continuously growing iPSC lines with four reprogramming factors and a combination anti-HIV lentiviral vector containing a CCR5 shRNA and a human/rhesus chimeric TRIM5α gene. Upon directed differentiation of the anti-HIV iPSCs towards the hematopoietic lineage, a robust quantity (>35%) of colony forming CD133+ HSCs were obtained. These cells were further differentiated into functional end-stage macrophages which displayed a normal phenotypic profile. Upon viral challenge, the anti-HIV iPSC derived macrophages exhibited strong protection (>3 logs) from HIV-1 infection. Here we demonstrate the ability of iPSCs to develop into HIV-1 resistant immune cells and highlight the potential use of iPSCs for HIV gene and cellular therapies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The identification of hematopoietic-specific regulatory elements for WASp gene expression.

Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) technology was used to identify physical interactions between the proximal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) promoter and its distant DNA segments in Jurkat-T cells. We found that two hematopoietic specific DNase I hypersensitive (DHS) sites (proximal DHS-A, and distal DHS-B) which had high interaction frequencies with the proximal WASp promoter indicating potential regulatory activity for these DHS sites. Subsequently, we cloned several DNA fragments around the proximal DHS-A site into a luciferase reporter vector. Interestingly, no fragments showed enhancer activity, but two fragments exhibited strong silencing activity in Jurkat-T cells. After aligning the chromatin state profiling for hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells using the human genome browser (UCSC), we found a 5 kb putative hematopoietic specific enhancer region located 250 kb downstream of the WAS gene. This putative enhancer region contains two hematopoietic cell specific DHS sites. Subsequently, the hematopoietic specific DHS sites enhanced luciferase expression from the proximal WASp promoter in all hematopoietic cells we tested. Finally, using a lentiviral vector stable expression system, the hematopoietic specific-enhancer(s) increased GFP reporter gene expression in hematopoietic cells, and increased WASp gene expression in WASp deficient cells. This enhancer may have the potential to be used in gene therapy for hematological diseases.
Primary Parotid MALT Lymphoma: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment – a Single Institution Experience

Abstract Abstract 1580 Background: Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphomas of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) account for approximately 5% of all non-Hodgkin Lymphoma cases. Specific MALT lymphomas are characterized by distinct clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcome, depending on site of the disease. While previous reports have described clinical course and treatment of gastric and pulmonary MALT lymphomas, a paucity of data exist describing primary parotid MALT lymphoma. This is a single institution experience. Methods: Patients with primary parotid MALT lymphoma were identified from the Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Database since 1986. This database includes all consenting patients with lymphoma seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were collected. Pathology was reviewed by a lymphoma pathologist; WHO criteria were used for diagnosis. PFS and OS were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model was used to asses the impact of variables on PFS and OS. Results: Seventy-six consecutive patients with primary parotid MALT lymphoma were evaluated and treated at Mayo Clinic from 1986 to 2010. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years (18–90). 58 (76%) were female. 42 (55.3%) patients had a history of Sjogren’s Disease and 51 (67.1%) had a history of autoimmune disorders. 52 (68.4%), 4 (5.3%), and18 (23.7%) had stage I, II, and IV disease, respectively. 2 cases did not have complete staging information. 6 (7.8%) and 2 (2.6 %) had bone marrow and lung involvement, respectively. No patients had GI tract, liver, or CNS involvement. Median estimated OS (overall survival) was 18.3 years and median PFS (progression free survival) was 7.9 years. ALC Summary: Primary parotid MALT lymphoma is strongly associated with Sjogren’s disease. This lymphoma is usually limited to the parotid and associated with a favorable prognosis. For limited disease, local treatment with radiation or surgery appears to be an effective treatment options. For extensive disease, both immunotherapy and chemotherapy are efficacious treatments. Further prospective studies and long-term follow up are needed to determine the optimal treatment approaches and efficacy of chemotherapy/immunotherapy regimens. Download : Download high-res image (13KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1: . Overall and Progression Free Survival Table 1 . Treatment n (%) Response Rate CR/PR n (%) Median PFS Surgery 29 (38%) 26 (90%)/0 7.9 years Radiation 14 (18%) 14 (100%)/0 15.7 years Observation 13 (17%) NA 5.5 years Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy 7 (9%) 7 (100%)/0 7.4 years Incomplete Data 13 (17%) NA NA Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

In this modern age of in-depth molecular and genetic focus on diseases, it is pressing that we revisit the fundamental pathology underlying chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases—forgetting the past limits our ability to make the best from the present. This review seeks to integrate when possible what is known about the pathology of COPD with key pathogenetic data. However, to move the field forward, investigators dedicated to COPD are required to understand the normal and diseased lung structure (qualitatively and quantitatively), including on how best determine these key parameters; there was a time, approximately more than a half a decade ago, in which these were the most exciting and hopeful developments to understand COPD. They form the foundation to better appreciate the challenge to understand COPD and, most importantly, give proper credit to key studies that, in the past 50 years, shaped our current understanding of this highly challenging disease.