cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Nevus Phenomenon: A Clinicopathological Study of 328 Patients

Background: Recurrent nevi may histologically resemble malignant melanoma Design: Recurrent nevi with clinical history, original melanocytic neoplasm and recurrence were included. Proliferation marker Ki-67 was used when residual and recurrent nevus was present on the same slide. Results: There were 356 biopsies from 328 patients (ages 6 to 93 years (mean = 31), female: male = 255:101, time to recurrence 1–63 months (mean = 7.85)). Sites: back (170), abdomen (46), arm (46), leg (34), head and neck (26), chest (26), and buttock (8). Initial biopsies: 208 nevi, 142 dysplastic nevi, 1 blue, 1 pigmented spindle cell, 2 Spitz nevi, and 2 melanomas in situ. 3 patterns of recurrence were observed: 1) junctional melanocytic hyperplasia with epidermal effacement and scar, 2) compound melanocytic proliferation with epidermal effacement and scar, and 3) junctional melanocytic hyperplasia with retained retiform epidermis. Recurrent and residual nevi had similar proliferation rates. Conclusion: Recurrent nevi occurred more commonly in females and on the trunk. Cytologic atypia, asymmetry, and retention of retiform epidermis were worrisome histologic features. Clinical history, effacement of the epidermis and limitation of changes to the scar, distinguished recurrence from melanoma. Low proliferation rate may be a useful adjunct to distinguish recurrent nevi from melanoma.
Characterizing and classifying historical days based on weather and air traffic

This article describes our identification of sets of similar days where similarity is defined in terms of the conditions relevant to the planning of an air traffic flow management initiative. The work here represents a first step toward the construction of a decision support tool for dispatchers at airline operations centers and officials at the Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Control System Command Center. A side product of our work is an taxonomy of reasonable approaches for categorizing calendar days in aviation systems research.
Extended genioplasty: long-term cephalometric, morphometric and sensory results

The incision, dissection, osteotomy design and fixation are important technical considerations when performing a genioplasty. The purpose of this study was to describe an extended genioplasty technique and to evaluate stability of position, form, surface area of the chin and incidence of postoperative sensory deficit. Records of 15 consecutive adult patients who underwent the extended genioplasty procedure were reviewed. The technique included incision in the labial vestibule from 2nd premolar to 2nd premolar, dissection, mobilization and retraction of the mental nerves, osteotomy parallel to the occlusal plane extending proximally to the antegonial notch and rigid fixation. Lateral cephalograms pre- and postoperatively and at the latest follow-up (> 6 months) were analyzed by linear and computer morphometric measurements to evaluate changes in position, shape and surface area of the chin. Neurosensory data from examination or questionnaire were recorded. Immediately postoperatively (T1), mean advancement in the sagittal plane was +8.7 mm and increase in surface area was +1.1 cm2. At the end of follow-up (T2), there were no significant changes (T2-T1) in chin position or surface area. Inferior border form was rated as smooth in all cases. Neurosensory evaluation revealed that 12/12 patients evaluated had functional sensory return at T2.
The serum γ-globulins defined by electrophoretic and immunologic analyses

Abstract γ 2 -Globulin fractions of slow mobility were isolated from normal serum by techniques of zone electrophoresis and shown to be immunologically related to protein components of the β- and α 2 -globulins. This broad distribution of γ-globulins influenced the quantitative immunological evaluation of γ-globulin in sera from normal and diseased individuals when compared to electrophoretic analyses. Discrepancies were especially marked in the case of certain myeloma proteins of rapid mobility which were immunologically related to γ 2 -globulin.
Direct and indirect promotion of Pd/Y by Ca2+ ions

Abstract Palladium in NaY or CaY zeolites was tested as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, including ring opening and ring enlargement of methylcyclopentane (MCP) and isomerization and hydrogenolysis of 2,2 dimethylpropane (neopentane). As protons are formed during reduction of Pd2+ ions with hydrogen, the catalysts were also tested after neutralization of these protons by reaction with sodium azide. The results suggest a direct interaction of the charge compensating ions (Ca2+ or Na+) with palladium particles and an indirect effect viz. by affecting the concentration of electron-deficient palladium—proton-adducts. In NaY the Pd2+ ions migrate to sodalite cages prior to their reduction, but in CaY they remain in the supercages, as has been previously shown. This leads to a higher concentration of [PdnH]+ adducts in supercages of CaY than in NaY after reduction.
Quantum geometrodynamics: Quantum-driven many-fingered time.

The classical theory of gravity predicts its own demise---singularities. We therefore attempt to quantize gravitation, and present here a new approach to the quantization of gravity wherein the concept of time is derived by imposing the constraints as expectation-value equations over the true dynamical degrees of freedom of the gravitational field---a representation of the underlying anisotropy of space. This self-consistent approach leads to qualitatively different predictions than the Dirac and the ADM quantizations, and, in addition, our theory avoids the interpretational conundrums associated with the problem of time in quantum gravity. We briefly describe the structure of our functional equations, and apply our quantization technique to two examples so as to illustrate the basic ideas of our approach.
Pluralism and Pragmatism: Knowledge and Practice of Birth in Morocco

This article examines knowledge and practice surrounding birth in Morocco, using women's narratives of their recent birth experiences, observations of medical encounters, and statements about prescribed behaviors during pregnancy and birth, as well as the vocabulary used to refer to physiological processes, disease conditions, and social relationships. The analysis shows that the three major themes that define the traditional Moroccan ethnophysiology of birth--conceptions of hot and cold, the symbolism of blood, and the metaphors of openness and obstruction--are not inconsistent with the precepts of biomedicine and public health and do not in themselves constitute obstacles either to safe home births or the use of formal health services. Women integrate biomedical and local knowledge and practices and simultaneously seek care from "traditional" and "modern" practitioners, creatively combining elements in accordance with their situations and the means at their disposal. Birth narratives show the eclecticism and flexibility that characterize women's attitudes and behaviors regarding pregnancy and birth. Women's decisions are shaped by two overriding considerations: incertitude about what can happen during the last phase of a pregnancy and ambivalence toward the available alternatives for care, both of which reflect a realistic assessment of their situations. By showing how women make decisions in response to these considerations, this article seeks to clarify some of the links between beliefs and practices and to contribute to ongoing discussions regarding the relevance of local knowledge for patterns of health care.
Photochemical characterization of water samples from Minnesota and Vermont sites with malformed frogs: potential influence of photosensitization by singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) and free radicals on aquatic toxicity

Abstract Environmental pollutants activated by UV sunlight may have contributed to the recent decline in frog populations and the concomitant increase in malformations in the USA and abroad. UV radiation is able to mutate DNA and to initiate photosensitization processes that generate mutagenic and biologically disruptive oxygen transients. We have examined water from selected sites in Minnesota and Vermont using singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), detected by its phosphorescence and free radicals detected by spin trapping, as markers for photosensitization. Water from a pond in Minnesota with malformed frogs, which also causes malformations in the laboratory, photosensitized more 1O2, even though it absorbed less UV light compared to water from a site that did not cause malformations. This suggested that unknown natural or pollutant agents were present, and that photosensitization may be involved. Although UV irradiation of the two Minnesota water samples in the presence of the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) revealed the presence of the DMPO/ OH, DMPO/ H(eaq−) and DMPO/ C(unknown) adducts there were no qualitative or quantitative differences between them. We also examined water samples from several sites in Vermont, and compared them by measuring the quantum yield of 1O2 photosensitization. While all the Vermont samples produced a small amount of 1O2, there was no clear correlation with the incidence of frog malformations. However, the samples differed strongly in absorption spectra and the ability to quench 1O2. These factors may determine how much UV light is absorbed and converted into chemical reactions. Our results show that photochemical characterization of 1O2 photosensitization is possible in untreated natural water samples. Photosensitization falls into the category of global factors that may be closely associated with the effects of UV irradiation of the Earth's environments. Thus, photosensitization might be an important component in global amphibian malformation and decline. The observation of 1O2 emission directly from natural water may also provide new opportunities to investigate the involvement of 1O2 in other complex environmental processes.
Proneural factors and neurogenesis

The role of proneural factors in specifying neuronal progenitors and in promoting neuronal differentiation is conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates. This primer discusses the basic functions of proneural factors in neurogenesis, mechanisms of proneural factor function, and models for how proneural factors generate neuronal subtypes. The primer also features a dialog about current topics and future directions in the field between two experts in neurogenesis: Andrew Jarman, Ph.D., and Jane Johnson, Ph.D. Developmental Dynamics 234:808–813, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Systemic Conditions Leading to Violent Human Behavior

There has been increased interest in violence because of several recent tragic murders committed by adolescent boys. Most researchers speculate that there are multiple risk factors associated with people who become violent and kill other people. This article presents a model for understanding how the risk factors may interact to favor the development of violent human behavior. The model proposes a set of conditions for the four levels of human behavior—intrapsychic, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup—that are necessary, but not sufficient in and of themselves, to determine the expression of violent behavior. Certain final events that complement the favorable factors and trigger or precipitate violence are proposed. Recommendations for systemic interventions at all four levels are also provided.
Genetic and early environmental contributions to alcohol's aversive and physiological effects

Genetic and early environmental factors interact to influence ethanol's motivational effects. To explore these issues, a reciprocal cross-fostering paradigm was applied to Fischer and Lewis rats. The adult female offspring received vehicle or the kappa opioid antagonist nor-BNI (1 mg/kg) followed by assessments of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and hypothermia induced by 1.25 g/kg intraperitoneal ethanol. CTA acquisition in the in-fostered Fischer and Lewis animals did not differ; however, the Fischer maternal environment produced stronger acquisition in the cross-fostered Lewis rats versus their in-fostered counterparts. CTAs in the Fischer rats were not affected by cross-fostering. In extinction, the in-fostered Lewis animals displayed stronger aversions than the Fischer groups on two trials (of 12) whereas the cross-fostered Lewis differed from the Fischer groups on nine trials. Despite these CTA effects, Lewis rats exhibited higher BACs and stronger hypothermic responses than Fischer with no cross-fostering effects in either strain. No phenotypes were affected by nor-BNI. These data extend previous findings dissociating the aversive and peripheral physiological effects of ethanol in female Fischer and Lewis rats, and highlight the importance of genetic and early environmental factors in shaping subsequent responses to alcohol's motivational effects in adulthood.
Counterfeit intimacy: A dramaturgical analysis of an erotic performance.

Observations of customer‐waitress interaction in a topless club over a two‐and‐one‐half month period are presented. Data were generated by a participant‐observer who worked as a waitress‐dancer in a topless club during this period. Analysis focuses on the setting, appearance, and manner of the “cynical performance” (Goffman 1959) orchestrated by the waitress through which she uses semi‐nudity, nudity and nude dancing to stimulate the fantasies of her patrons and thereby creates “counterfeit intimacy” (Boles and Garbin 1977). The overriding goal of the club and the waitress‐dancers is to make money through the sale of alcohol and table dances; customer goals are to have a “sexual experience” (not necessarily intercourse) of some sort. Various “ploys,” enacted by both customers and waitresses, are analyzed, with the ultimate goal of these ploys being to enhance the effectiveness of the “counterfeit intimacy” contrived by both parties. Conclusions suggest that all forms of “counterfeit” can be studied as sou...
Gold nanorods as nanoadmicelles: 1-naphthol partitioning into a nanorod-bound surfactant bilayer.

As-prepared gold nanorods, stable in aqueous solution, bear a bilayer of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This bilayer provides a ∼3 nm thick hydrophobic layer that co...
Language experience enhances early cortical pitch-dependent responses.

Abstract Pitch processing at cortical and subcortical stages of processing is shaped by language experience. We recently demonstrated that specific components of the cortical pitch response (CPR) index the more rapidly-changing portions of the high rising Tone 2 of Mandarin Chinese, in addition to marking pitch onset and sound offset. In this study, we examine how language experience (Mandarin vs. English) shapes the processing of different temporal attributes of pitch reflected in the CPR components using stimuli representative of within-category variants of Tone 2. Results showed that the magnitude of CPR components (Na–Pb and Pb–Nb) and the correlation between these two components and pitch acceleration were stronger for the Chinese listeners compared to English listeners for stimuli that fell within the range of Tone 2 citation forms. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the Na–Pb component was more than twice as important as Pb–Nb in grouping listeners by language affiliation. In addition, a stronger stimulus-dependent, rightward asymmetry was observed for the Chinese group at the temporal, but not frontal, electrode sites. This finding may reflect selective recruitment of experience-dependent, pitch-specific mechanisms in right auditory cortex to extract more complex, time-varying pitch patterns. Taken together, these findings suggest that long-term language experience shapes early sensory level processing of pitch in the auditory cortex, and that the sensitivity of the CPR may vary depending on the relative linguistic importance of specific temporal attributes of dynamic pitch.
Heterodyne frequency measurements of carbonyl sulfide transitions at 26 and 51 THz. Improved OCS, O13CS, and OC34S molecular constants

Abstract Heterodyne frequency measurements were made on selected absorption features of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) near 26 THz (860 cm−1) and 51 THz (1700 cm−1). Frequency differences were measured between a tunable diode laser (TDL) locked to carbonyl sulfide absorption lines and either a stabilized 13CO2 laser or a CO laser which was referred to stabilized CO2 lasers. These measurements are combined with conventional TDL measurements and published microwave measurements to obtain new, more reliable molecular constants for OCS, O13CS, and OC34S. New frequency measurements are given for nine CO laser transitions between 1686 and 1726 cm−1.
A fully coupled material constitutive model for steel quench analysis

The residual stresses and distortion induced by quenching in an eccentric ring were investigated in this study with finite element method. The ring was made of AISI 52100 steel. A fully coupled 3D temperature-displacement analysis was performed to simulate heat transfer, phase transformations and mechanical stresses and strains during the heating and subsequent quenching processes. Commercial FEA package ABAQUS/Standard 6.4 was used for the analyses along with user subroutines developed by the authors to model the thermal and mechanical constitutive behaviour. The eccentric ring was subjected to three stress analysis in response to temperature, martensitic transformation and transformation plasticity, respectively. Simulation results indicated that thermal stress leaves the surface in compressive and the core in tensile. Martensitic transformation dilation in the surface pushes the compressive stress to a higher level in the early stage of quenching, but the subsequent dilation in the core nearly counteracts the tensile stress there. The quenching residual stresses change the signs with the addition of transformation plasticity, which also induces significant plastic strains during quenching. Quenching distortion experiments are in accordance with the simulation results which take transformation plasticity into consideration.
SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATING EFFICIENCY OF α‐TERTHIENYL and SOME OF ITS SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES*

The singlet oxygen generating efficiency of several thiophenic compounds, including oc-terthienyl (αT) and some of its synthetic analogues, has been determined using laser flash photolysis techniques. The method, which is based on the time-resolved bleaching of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, led to relatively high efficiencies for all the substrates examined; for example the values were 0.86, 0.69 and 0.63 for αT, DBrαT and TNP, respectively in chloroform-d at 293K. Our results also indicate that high intersystem crossing efficiencies must be a common characteristic in these compounds. The variations in singlet oxygen yields were found to be modest in comparison with changes in the biological activity of these compounds, therefore suggesting that other factors are also quite important in determining the latter.
Initial pursuit responses using a fixation-gapramp paradigm.

Pursuit eye movements keep the image of a small moving target near the fovea with an admixture of smooth pursuit and saccades. To probe the initiation of pursuit, four humans and one monkey attended a bright laser spot that was rear-projected on a diffusely illuminated (1 cd/m2) tangent screen. Movement of the viewing eye was recorded with a magnetic search coil. After presenting a stationary target for a random time (1–3 sec), the computer extinguished the target in separate trial blocks for 40, 100, 200, or 500 ms. At the end of this gap period, the target reappeared on the fovea, moving centrifugally at 10°/sec in a random direction before decelerating to a stop.The predominate initial response (< 90%) to unpredictable changes in target motions had four sequential components: a latent period, a primary smooth movement, a small saccade, and then a secondary smooth movement. None of five measured variables depended systematically on the gap duration: the latency to primary smooth pursuit (range of means ...
Adolph Strauch, father of the lawn plan

Tobey, G.B., 1976. Adolph Strauch, father of the lawn plan. Landscape Plann., 2: 283–294. Adolph Strauch, product of the 19th century romantic era of landscape gardening, while not as well known as Frederick Law Olmsted Sr, had a strong influence on his time. Having chosen cemetery design and maintenance as his life's work, Strauch conceived of the rural cemetery as a place of natural beauty and solace, in sharp contrast to 18th century churchyards. In designing Spring Grove Cemetery, in Cincinnati, Strauch insisted upon preserving open space, limiting monuments to one per family plot. Thus, with judicious planting of native and exotic trees, evergreens and shrubs, the cemetery became a natural beauty spot, attractive to visitors, whose numbers far exceeded those of bereaved families. So successful was Strauch's formula, that Spring Grove became a nearly instant financial success, as well as a model for garden cemeteries everywhere. That Strauch was destined to create Spring Grove seems inevitable when we contemplate his early career. Born in Austria, he studied gardening at the Imperial gardens, where he became acquainted with Baron von Puckler Muskau, eminent park-estate designer of the infant 19th century. Muskau recommended for Strauch an apprenticeship which included a stint in the Royal Gardens in Regent's Park, London. While working in London, Strauch met Robert Bowler, his future employer and the man influential in seeing Strauch made landscape gardener and superintendent of Spring Grove. An exhibit of American mountain scenery based on John Fremont's expeditions in the Rockies crystallized Strauch's plans to visit the United States, and to acquaint himself with its scenic beauties. An accidental delay in train schedules occurring at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1852 led to Strauch's again meeting wealthy Cincinnati businessman Robert B. Bowler, who induced Strauch to design his estate in suburban Clifton. By the time Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery was established, Strauch's reputation as landscape gardener gave him ready entry to the task which occupied the rest of his life, that of designing and caring for one of the finest and most influential landscaped cemeteries in the U.S.
Sex chromosomes and speciation in Drosophila

Two empirical rules suggest that sex chromosomes play a special role in speciation. The first is Haldane's rule – the preferential sterility and inviability of species hybrids of the heterogametic (XY) sex. The second is the disproportionately large effect of the X chromosome in genetic analyses of hybrid sterility. Whereas the causes of Haldane's rule are well established, the causes of the ‘large X-effect' have remained controversial. New genetic analyses in Drosophila confirm that the X is a hotspot for hybrid male sterility factors, providing a proximate explanation for the large X-effect. Several other new findings – on faster X evolution, X chromosome meiotic drive and the regulation of the X chromosome in the male-germline – provide plausible evolutionary explanations for the large X-effect.
PC-compatible computer-generated stimuli for video-task testing.

A program for automatic computer generation of novel nonverbal stimuli is described. The program, STIMGEN, allows menu-driven control over the type and appearance of stimuli. Data are presented in which two monkeys matched to sample with high accuracy using stimuli generated with STIMGEN. These data are interpreted to support the usefulness and value of automatic stimulus generation in a variety of applications.
Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth until 12 mo of age in infants fed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Observational studies have indicated that differences in the composition of human milk and infant formula yield benefits in cognitive development and early growth for breastfed infantsO ...
Placental oleic acid uptake is lower in male offspring of obese women.

Introduction The fetus is dependent on the placenta for its supply of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), which are essential in fetal growth and development. Previous work suggests that high maternal body mass index (BMI) inhibits fetal LCPUFA delivery and males have greater fatty acid requirements than females during development. We hypothesized that male placental fatty acid uptake would be more sensitive to maternal BMI compared to females.
Observations on menstruation and pregnancy among female spinal cord injury patients.

Twenty-five female patients with spinal cord injury were interrogated about their menstrual periods. The following observations were noted: the majority of females had a return of their menses within the first six months after injury; 50 per cent, have not missed a single period; in this series, one patient had a return of menstruation after 16 months and another after 30 months; level and extent of the lesion did not appear to play a role; presence or absence of sacral reflex arcs did not play a role; females who are in or near the climacteric period of life will probably lose their menses; dysmenorrhea ceased to be a painful experience after injury. Four patients were pregnant at time of injury, and five patients were pregnant after injury. The following observations were noted: none of the patients pregnant at time of injury aborted their pregnancies; all babies were delivered vaginally except one by caesarean section; there were far less renal complications associated with pregnancy among those patients who had children prior to injury; the obstetrician must be aware of autonomic dysreflexia and its management in order to differentiate it from a pre-eclampsia.
Energy band structure in p-type germanium and silicon

Abstract Energy-band calculations are made for the three valence bands in silicon and germanium in terms of the cyclotron resonance parameters. The energy in the band measured from k = 0 is not assumed small compared to the spin-orbit splitting so that parabolic bands do not result. The above calculation results from considering the first term of a perturbation expansion of the k.p and spin-orbit perturbations. The contributions from higher-order terms are examined and found to be important for germanium but not for silicon. Matrix elements for direct optical transitions between the valence bands are calculated from the cyclotron resonance constants. The free-carrier absorption is computed from the present band-structure calculations, and comparison is made with recent experimental data of R. N ewman for germanium. A correction to the split-off valence-band calculations is estimated, using the experimental data. Formulae are derived for degenerate perturbation theory with two perturbations of different orders acting.
Comparison of multiple‐scan direct and lock‐in detection in magnetic resonance: Application to nuclear acoustic resonance

Theoretical expressions are derived for the signal‐to‐noise ratios in magnetic resonance experiments for the lock‐in and multiple‐scan direct detection schemes. Effects of noise character, post‐spectrometer filters, and modulation frequency are included in the analysis. The theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with experiment for the specific case of nuclear acoustic resonance in a metal single crystal.
Abstract 126: BRCA-positivity: Multicultural scenes from the rear view mirror .

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: To date, BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have been associated with specific breast cancer subtypes and patient demographics. BRCA testing has predominantly been performed in the Caucasian population. Certain breast cancer subtypes such as Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), have previously been associated with African American (AA) women and BRCA1 positivity. Novel targeted agents such as PARP inhibitors may be beneficial for TNBC and BRCA-positive cancers. Appropriate genetic referral and testing could influence patient treatment options. We sought to determine the patterns of patient referral and outcome for BRCA testing at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH). Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, a retrospective case review was performed to identify women who proceeded with genetic counseling from January 2008 through May 2012. Patients with positive genetic tests were assessed. Pathology reports of mutation-positive women were reviewed. Patient characteristics such as ethnicity were confirmed from genetic counseling records. Findings: 461 new patients were seen for genetic counseling from January 2008 through May 2012. 309 (67%) proceeded with BRCA genetic testing and 26 (9%) were found to carry a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Hormone receptor profiles, age at diagnosis, and ethnic background varied among mutation carriers. The predominant ethnic background represented in TJUH mutation carriers is now AA. In 2008-2009 (24 months), only one AA woman was diagnosed with a BRCA mutation; however, from 2010-May 2012 (29 months), 9 AA women and 2 Hispanic women were diagnosed as BRCA-mutation carriers. Conclusions: BRCA-positive patients have diverse demographic and hormone receptor profiles. Although we found that TNBC remains associated with BRCA1 carriers and estrogen positivity with BRCA2 carriers, it is not absolute. A recent shift has noted substantially more AA women being diagnosed with BRCA mutations. While this may indicate that more diverse populations are being referred for genetic counseling, more importantly, it suggests that diverse populations are becoming more receptive to participating in genetic counseling and when appropriate, receiving genetic testing. Citation Format: Susan Miller-Samuel, Nicole Simone, Anne L. Rosenberg. BRCA-positivity: Multicultural scenes from the rear view mirror . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-126 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Comparison of three commercial radial immunodiffusion kits for the measurement of canine serum immunoglobulins.

induce production of a soluble IL-1 inhibitor from infected monocytes. The BVDV-induced IL-1 inhibitor could conceivably cause decreased osteoclastic differentiation and activity leading to the transient osteopetrotic-like lesions described here. Decrease IL-1-mediated osteoclastic differentiation could explain the poor skeletal growth, domed cranium, and brachygnathia seen in some calves persistently infected with BVDV. These cases were diagnostically challenging, as the signalment, presentation, and clinical pathology were not initially suggestive of BVDV infection. The detection of BVDV in tissues other than bone marrow was inconsistent in these cases. Bone lesions described have not been previously reported associated with thrombocytopenic strains of type II BVDV. Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank Mrs. Mary Green for her skill and dedication in manuscript preparation.
An eye for beauty: lateralized visual stimulation of courtship behavior and mate preferences in male zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata.

Abstract Research on intersexual selection focuses on traits that have evolved for attracting mates and the consequences of mate choice. However, little is known about the cognitive and neural mechanisms that allow choosers to discriminate among potential mates and express an attraction to specific traits. Preferential use of the right eye during lateral displays in zebra finches, and lateralized expression of intermediate early genes in the left hemisphere during courtship led us to hypothesize that: (1) visual information from each eye differentially mediates courtship responses to potential mates; and (2) the ability to discriminate among mates and prefer certain mates over others is lateralized in the right eye/left hemisphere system of zebra finch brains. First, we exposed male zebra finches to females when using left, right or both eyes. Males courted more when the right eye was available than when only the left eye was used. Secondly, male preference for females – using beak color to indicate female quality – was tested. Right-eyed and binocular males associated with and courted orange-beaked more than gray-beaked females; whereas left-eyed males showed no preference. Lateral displays and eye use in male zebra finches increase their attractiveness and ability to assess female quality, potentially enhancing reproductive success. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CO3 2013.
The prefaces by Charcot: Leitmotifs of an international career

The objective of this article was to examine the prefaces that Jean-Martin Charcot wrote for other colleagues' books and to evaluate these short essays from three perspectives: scientific material discussed, medicopolitical strategies revealed, and larger thematic issues developed. Charcot (1825-1893) was the most celebrated clinical neurologist of his epoch. In his mid and late career, he wrote very few manuscripts, delegating such work to junior colleagues or to Bourneville, who compiled Charcot's Complete Works. One particular source of direct writing from Charcot's mature career is the group of prefaces he composed for selected monographs authored by other colleagues. The prefaces from the Gasser tabulation (Bibliotheque Charcot, Paris) of Charcot's works were examined and analyzed in the context of Charcot's career. Of the 21 prefaces, 10 concerned books by other colleagues with whom he had not worked, and 11 introduced books of his students or direct colleagues. The prefaces concerned primarily two topics of direct medical interest to Charcot: localization studies of cortical and spinal cord diseases, and the combined subject of hysteria and hypnotism. In placing the works in scientific context, Charcot systematically emphasized the contributions of French neurologists, largely focusing on the Salpetriere school and its (his) discoveries. Charcot used these prefaces to summarize the major thematic elements of his career, drafting the essays in the context of such topics as medical specialization, the concept of experimental medicine, and the prioritization of human studies over experimental laboratory medicine. Although an exhaustive reading of Charcot's entire opus is needed to provide a comprehensive view of his ideas, the short and pithy prefaces, comprising fewer than 60 pages, coalesce and distill the primary themes of his international career.
Some observations on the use of adrenocorticotropichormone in atopic dermatitis in infancy

Summary It has been demonstrated thatadrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is effective in producing remissions in generalized atopic eczema (atopic erythroderma, Hill). The disease becomes reactivated following cessation of the hormonal therapy. The evidence available at the moment does not indicate that this agent has any place in the therapy of infantile eczema except possibly as a temporary adjunct during periods of unusual stress. Its use under such conditions is discussed. There was no evidence of untoward effects of ACTH on the infants treated for short periods of time in this study.
Active viewing: An Ethnography of the Indian film audience

Audiences of popular Hindi cinema1 present a strategic site for study of the active audience as they adopt a viewing style that is participatory and interactive. In cinema theaters viewers applaud and whistle loudly, sing along with the soundtrack, shout out comments and throw coins at the screen. Viewers transform the meaning of the film and shape the collective experience of viewing. Plural audiences encounter varying interpretations of the film arising from a diversity of world views and from life‐worlds different from their own. Rather than homogenising viewers, mass produced Hindi films appear to differentiate them. The intersubjectivity of the viewing experience becomes an achievement, rather than a taken‐for‐granted. The film is seen to become a resource both for the formation of community and for the generation of conflict and the theater, a public forum and arena for situated culture wars.
How to accept German reparations

How to Accept German Reparations is a beautiful book about a traumatic subject; reparations for the unspeakable crimes of the Holocaust and colonialism. Few discussions of restitution, reparations ...
Asymmetric Dislocation Densities in Forward-Graded ZnSySe1−y/GaAs (001) Heterostructures

We report an experimental and modeling study of ZnS y Se1−y /GaAs (001) structures, all of which comprised a uniform top layer of ZnS0.014Se0.986 grown on a compositionally graded buffer layer or directly on the GaAs substrate. High-resolution x-ray diffraction was used to estimate dislocation densities on type A slip systems, with misfit dislocation (MD) line segments oriented along the $$ [1\bar{1}0] $$ direction, and type B slip systems, with MD line segments oriented along a [110] direction. A control sample having no graded buffer exhibits equal dislocation densities on the two types of slip systems (D A ≈ D B ≈ 1.5 × 108 cm−2), but a forward-graded (FG) structure (grading coefficient of 27 cm−1) exhibits 20% more dislocations on the type B slip systems (D A ≈ 1.6 × 108 cm−2 and D B ≈ 1.9 × 108 cm−2) and a steep forward-graded structure (grading coefficient of 54 cm−1) exhibits 50% more type B dislocations (D A ≈ 2 × 108 cm−2 and D B ≈ 3 × 108 cm−2). The insertion of an overshoot interface reduced the dislocation densities in the uniform top layer by promoting annihilation and coalescence reactions, but type B dislocations were removed more effectively. Based on equilibrium calculations the overshoot graded layer in the steep graded overshoot structure is expected to exhibit large compressive and tensile strains, with a reversal in the sign of the strain near its middle, which may promote annihilation and coalescence reactions between threading dislocations.
Structure of a human rhinovirus-bivalently bound antibody complex: implications for viral neutralization and antibody flexibility

Abstract The structure of a neutralizing immunoglobulin (monoclonal antibody mAb17-IA), bound to human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14), has been determined by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction. The antibody bound bivalently across icosahedral twofold axes of the virus, and there were no detectable conformational changes in the capsid. Thus, bivalently bound IgGs do not appear to cause gross deformations in the capsid. Differences between the electron density of the constant domains of the bound Fab fragment and IgG structures suggested that conformational changes occur about elbow axes upon bivalent attachment as was previously predicted. No significant density was observed for the Fc fragment, which adds further evidence for a high degree of mobility about the hinge region.
Alternative algebraic method to solve the Schrödinger equation.

A new alternative local method to solve the Schr\"odinger equation is established, in which powers of the Hamiltonian are used to set up algebraic equations. The computation is integration-free and easy to carry out. The method is applied to the quartic anharmonic-oscillator problem.
Scintigraphic evaluation of four dogs with protein-losing enteropathy using 111indium-labeled transferrin

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical utility of 111In-labeled transferrin (111In-TF) scintigraphy for evaluating dogs suspected of having protein-losing enteropathies. Four dogs were injected intravenously with autologous 111In-TF after 30 min incubation (at 37 degrees C) of 18.5 MBq (0.5 mCi) 111InCl3 with one ml of autologous plasma. Serial right lateral, left lateral and dorsal images were obtained 2, 4, and 24 hours post 111In-TF administration. Images were subjectively evaluated for the presence or absence of 111In-TF within the gastrointestinal tract. The results of total protein, albumin and globulin levels and results from gastrointestinal biopsies were recorded. In one dog, a follow-up scintigraphic study was done six months after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment for plasmocytic-lymphocytic enteritis. Gastrointestinal activity was noted by two hours in two dogs, while all four dogs had gastrointestinal activity on the 24 hour images. The mean (+/-std dev) plasma protein, albumin and globulin levels were 3.5 (+/-0.9), 1.7 (+/-1) and 1.8 (+/-0.3) respectively at the time of initial presentation. In the one dog that was evaluated after therapy, faint visualization of radioactivity within the colon was noted on the 24 hour image. Based on this study, 111In-TF appears to be a viable scintigraphic method for evaluating dogs with suspected protein-losing enteropathies. Potential limitations of this radiopharmaceutical include cost and prolonged isolation of the animal prior to release to the client due to the long physical half-life (T1/2 = 2.82 days).
Objective treatment response to endocrine therapy in metastatic prostate cancer.

A ten-year review of 198 patients with Stage 02 prostate cancer identijied 13 patients (6.6 %) who exhibited objective responses to hormonal treatment, as indicated by regression of a positive bone scan, CT scan, or chest x-ray j%lm. Four patients had complete responses and 9 patients achieved par- tial responses as judged by the National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria. Me- dian survival for those with objective treatment response has not yet been reached (>44 months) compared with twenty-four months for the nonrespon- ders (p = 0.00006). Although relatively uncommon, objective treatment re- sponse in Stage 02 prostate cancer is correlated with an improved prognosis. Since the early 194Os, hormonal therapy has been the standard of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Yet, little is known about objec- tive treatment response and its relation to prog- nosis. In the Veterans Administration Coopera- tive Urologic Research Group (VACURG), Bayard and associates' reported that 10 percent of patients treated with endocrine therapy alone lived lon 9 er than ten years. It appears that the natura history of prostate cancer is variable and probably includes a subset of pa- tients whose response to hormonal treatment is unusually favorable. In an attempt to identify this patient group, we report our experience with hormonally treated patients with Stage D2 prostate cancer over a ten-year period.
Security Measurement Steps, Missteps, and Next Steps

Over the past decade, this magazine has focused on a wide variety of important issues, each of which contributes not only to our understanding of security but also to innovative and effective solutions to security problems. Measurement has frequently held star and supporting roles in many of these articles. The author describes the past, present, and future for measurement's role in security.
Enzyme Assay by Fluorescence Quenching Release: A Novel Fluorometric Method

Abstract When concentrated fluorescent dye is encapsulated in lecithin liposomes, the fluorescence is Largely self-quenched, The quenching is relieved when the liposomes are disrupted end the escapes. The fluorescence quenching release (FQR) is shown to be proportional to the amount of phospholipase C of C. welchii which hydrolyses lecithin. The FQR method is more sensitive, rapid, and convenient than conventional titrimetric assay and is amenable to automation and Kinetic studies. As a general method, FQR could be adapted to the measurement of other enzymes or agents which disrupt dye-containing microstructures.
Cholinergic excitatory synaptic potentials of neurones in mammalian lumbar paravertebral ganglia.

Abstract Synaptic potentials and the electrophysiological properties of 201 cells in the 4th lumbar paravertebral ganglia of the rabbit were studied in vitro using intracellular electrophysiological recording techniques. Cells had a mean transmembrane potential of 55.1 ± 0.8 mV, a mean input resistance of 37.0 ± 6.6 M Ω (range 29.9–61.1) and a mean membrane time constant of 6.0 ± 0.6 ms. Synaptic potentials in ganglionic neurones were evoked by electrical stimulation of the rami communicantes, inferior lumbar splanchnic nerves and the paravertebral chain from segments both above and below the L 4 ganglion. Synaptic responses consisted of a fast, hexamethonium-sensitive component and, following short periods of higher frequency stimulation, a slow, long lasting, pirenzepine and atropine-sensitive depolarization (slow-EPSP). No phenomenon corresponding to a late slow-EPSP was observed and, under our recording conditions no cells exhibited non-cholinergic slow excitatory or slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. It is concluded that fast excitatory synaptic events were mediated by nicotinic receptors whereas slow excitatory synaptic events were mediated by muscarinic m l receptors. McNeil-A-343, a muscarinic agonist, produced membrane depolarization, a decrease in membrane input conductance and in some cells a repetitive discharge of action potentials. In 60% of cells tested substance P produced a depolarization of the membrane potential with an associated decrease in membrane input conductance.
Laboratory pitfalls that contribute to embrasure clasp failure

Use of an embrasure clasp demands attention to proper clinical preparation and to laboratory procedures as well. This article outlined pitfalls that occur in the laboratory, and appropriate solutions were offered.
Hypothermia With Profound Anemia and Pancreatitis

Abstract A patient with severe hypothermia presented with an initial rectal temperature of 28.3°C coupled with a hemoglobin of 2.2 g·dL−1 and acute pancreatitis. Although hypothermia decreases oxygen and substrate consumption by tissues and can be cerebro-protective, the ideal rewarming strategy is unclear when the oxygen-delivery system is profoundly deficient, as with severe anemia. In this patient, truncal active external rewarming with a forced-air system, heated inhalation, and slow warmed transfusion yielded a 1.5°C·h−1 rate of rewarming and a good outcome. We discuss the numerous protective and detrimental factors affecting oxygenation and ventilation during hypothermia coupled with profound anemia and the possible etiologic explanations for coexistent hypothermia and pancreatitis.
Characterizing ecological generalization in plant-pollination systems

Despite the development of diversity indices in community ecology that incorporate both richness and evenness, pollination biologists commonly use only pollinator richness to estimate generalization. Similarly, while pollination biologists have stressed the utility of pollinator importance, incorporating both pollinator abundance and effectiveness, importance values have not been included in estimates of generalization in pollination systems. In this study, we estimated pollinator generalization for 17 plant species using Simpson’s diversity index, which includes richness and evenness. We compared these estimates with estimates based on only pollinator richness, and compared diversity estimates calculated using importance data with those using only visitation data. We found that pollinator richness explains only 57–65% of the variation in diversity, and that, for most plant species, pollinator importance was determined primarily by differences in visitation rather than by differences in effectiveness. While simple richness may suffice for broad comparisons of pollinator generalization, measures that incorporate evenness will provide a much more accurate understanding of generalization. Although incorporating labor-intensive measurements of pollinator effectiveness are less necessary for broad surveys, effectiveness estimates will be important for detailed studies of some plant species. Unfortunately, at this point it is impossible to predict a priori which species these are.