cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The power of imaging: Constraining the plasma properties of grmhd simulations using eht observations of Sgr A∗

Recent advances in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations have expanded and improved our understanding of the dynamics of black-hole accretion disks. However, current simulations do not capture the thermodynamics of electrons in the low density accreting plasma. This poses a significant challenge in predicting accretion flow images and spectra from first principles. Because of this, simplified emission models have often been used, with widely different configurations (e.g., disk- versus jet-dominated emission), and were able to account for the observed spectral properties of accreting black holes. Exploring the large parameter space introduced by such models, however, requires significant computational power that exceeds conventional computational facilities. In this paper, we use GRay, a fast graphics processing unit (GPU) based ray-tracing algorithm, on the GPU cluster El Gato, to compute images and spectra for a set of six general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations with different magnetic field configurations and black-hole spins. We also employ two different parametric models for the plasma thermodynamics in each of the simulations. We show that, if only the spectral properties of Sgr A* are used, all 12 models tested here can fit the spectra equally well. However, when combined with the measurement of the image size of the emission using the Event Horizon Telescope, current observations rule out all models with strong funnel emission, because the funnels are typically very extended. Our study shows that images of accretion flows with horizon-scale resolution offer a powerful tool in understanding accretion flows around black holes and their thermodynamic properties.
Adjuvant use of warm butyl alcohol vapor in experimental pulmonary edema

Abstract Studies were done to determine if warm n-butyl alcohol vapor might be effective for the distruction of respiratory tract foam bubbles and for alleviation of the arterial hypoxemia accompanying severe acute pulmonary edema. In vitro studies showed that warm butyl alcohol vapors made from 5% and 7% butyl alcohol solutions at 39°C were much more effective in antifoam activity against synthetic foam bubbles than ethyl alcohol vapors, made from 20% and 30% ethyl alcohol at 22°C. Warm butyl alcohol vapor also slowly destroyed in vitro the fine foam bubbles of alveolar lining origin made in rabbit lung post mortem , Evolving lung edema was induced in anesthetized rabbits by aspiration of 1.1 ml/kg of 1.2 molal sorbitol/0.14 molal sodium chloride/0.01 molal hydrochloric acid solution of pH 2.0. After established severe arterial hypoxemia and in the absence of overt foam, inhalation of warm butyl alcohol/H2O vapor-air mixture, made by air humidification from 7% butyl alcohol at 39°C, alleviated promptly the hypoxemia. The improvement was progressive over the first 45 minutes of continued vapor therapy. The lessened hypoxemia occurred without concurrent improvement in the amount of formed lung edema fluid. Control inhalations of warm 100% H2O vapor-air mixture did not improve the hypoxemia. The only noted side effects of warm butyl alcohol vapor treatments were slightly hypotension and slight metabolic acidosis which developed very slowly. The results suggest that warm butyl alcohol vapor might prove to be an effective adjuvant agent to lessen critically severe hypoxemia in selective cases of acute pulmonary edema in man.
Conceptualizing religion: Some recent reflections

How might we best conceptualize or define religion? Or, for that matter, should we dispense with the term religion in favor of something else? Proffered answers to those questions are not only relevant for marking out and sustaining a field of scholarship in the academy, but they relate more broadly to assumptions and theorizing about the human condition. In this paper, 1 first briefly describe and evaluate three advocacies respecting the conceptual problem that are not discussed in my book, Conceptualizing Religion (Saler, 1993, 2000). While these examples do not exhaust the diversity of available approaches to conceptualizing and defining religion, they testify to that diversity. Second, I outline my approach. Third and finally, I discuss a probable factor that works against an easy acceptance of my proposals for conceptualizing religion.
Thermal aware server provisioning and workload distribution for internet data centers

With the increasing popularity of Internet-based information retrieval and cloud computing, saving energy in Internet data centers (a.k.a. hosting centers, server farms) is of increasing importance. Current research approaches are based on dynamically adjusting the active server set in order to turn off a portion of the servers and save energy without compromising the quality of service; the workload is then distributed, conventionally equally (i.e. balanced), across the active servers. Although there is ample work that demonstrates energy savings through dynamic server provisioning, there is little work on thermal-aware server provisioning. This paper provides a formulation of the thermal aware active server set provisioning (TASP), in a nonlinear minimax binary integer programming form, and a series of heuristic approaches to solving them, namely MiniMax, bb-sLRH, CP-sLRH and sLRH. Furthermore, it introduces thermal-aware workload distribution (TAWD) among the active servers. The proposed heuristics are evaluated using a thermal model of the ASU HPCI data center, while the request traffic is based on real web traces of the 1998 FIFA World Cup as well as the SPECweb2009 suite. The TASP heuristics are found to outperform a power-aware-only server set selection scheme (CPSP), by up to 9.3% for the simulated scenario. The order of achieved energy efficiency is: MiniMax (9.3% savings), CP-sLRH (9.2%), bb-sLRH (8.6%), sLRH (5.8%), compared to CPSP.
Simulating Hemoglobin History

In one of the truly classic works in anthropological genetics, Frank Livingstone established the interrelationships between agriculture, mosquito ecology, malaria, and, consequently, the frequencies of sickle cell hemoglobin in West Africa. A major inference from Livingstone's study was the recency of malaria as a selective agent in human populations, only becoming significant after the adoption of agriculture in the last few thousand years. Clines of the abnormal hemoglobin alleles might therefore represent continuing waves of advance of adaptive alleles. In order to model the complex interaction of several hemoglobin alleles, selection, and gene flow spreading adaptive mutants, Livingstone turned to computer simulation. Numerous insights concerning the competitive increase of different alleles (hemoglobins S, C, and E and thalassemia), the rate of allele spread under different migration scenarios, including the potential importance of long-range migration, came out of these studies. These experiments also stimulated others to search for mechanisms that might increase the diffusion rate of hemoglobin variants, including kin-structured migration and epidemic disease selection. Recent molecular studies have substantiated major aspects of Livingstone's work (including the recent origin of falciparum malaria) and posed challenges to some of his assumptions (such as the number of mutations to hemoglobins S and E). But whatever the fate of his specific hypotheses, his emphasis on the interaction of genetics, ecology, and culture stands as a model for the anthropological approach to the understanding of human variation and evolution.
Outcomes following PEG placement: the role of aspiration as a contributor to mortality after PEG placement

Outcomes following PEG placement: the role of aspiration as a contributor to mortality after PEG placement
Railroads and American Economic Growth

In his classic paper on the significance of railroads to American economic development, Leland Jenks distinguished three principal avenues of influence: (1) The railroad was what Jenks called an “innovating idea” with important psychological impact “manifested in a wave-like profusion of new enterprise of many sorts.” (2) The railroad and railway construction and maintenance were a stimulus to the industrial and financial sectors of the economy. The railroad not only stimulated the iron and steel, timber, and other industries directly but “encouraged innovations in financial enterprise.” (3) Finally, the railroad contributed directly to the generation of national income through the rendering of transportation services. Although on this last point Jenks despaired that, “There appears to be no satisfactory technique for giving a precise measure to the extent of this contribution.”
Optical interconnect networks for datacom and computercom

Traditional telecom applications spend more at the link end points to maximize spectral efficiency of long-distance fiber links - see for example recent RD For datacom, spectral efficiency tends to be traded for lower power, cheaper transceiver cost and a network fabric with abundant path diversity. ; Within the datacenter, fiber resources are much more abundant, cheap, and easy to deploy. Thus, the transceiver cost must be aggressively reduced ; As we enter an age of network affluence, the focus shifts to quality of service & application awareness ; Five Mega-Trends affect optical network design in the data center: - Big Data Centers - Big Data - PODs (and new network architectures) - Network becomes Smarter & More Open - Network Virtualization ; Virtualization of the network is the next big frontier - Software-defined Networking (OpenFlow + DOVE overlays) are a disruptive technology in this landscape - Application velocity and deployment velocity become equally important ; The most cost effective path forward requires open standards and interoperable networks ; Business process improvement provides more value add for IT than capex/opex reduction.
Operating Voltage Constraints in 45-nm SOI nMOSFETs and Cascode Cores

We investigate the operating voltage constraints and hot carrier reliability (HCR) of 45-nm SOI RF nMOSFETs and cascode cores built from these devices. The devices were implemented with both “floating” body and “contacted” body schemes. It is shown through experimental results that floating-body (FB) devices have greater hot carrier degradation compared with body-contacted (BC) devices. Cascode cores designed with two FB devices (FB-FB), with one BC device and one FB device (BC-FB), and with two BC devices (BC-BC), were also investigated. The tradeoffs in the dc versus radio-frequency (RF) performance versus the HCR of these cascode cores were assessed. The cascode cores have a much longer reliability lifetime compared with a single device operating under similar stress conditions. The BC-BC cascode core is shown to have a much longer reliability lifetime compared with BC-FB and FB-FB cascode core topologies. The physical mechanisms behind the observed hot carrier degradation in these devices and cascode cores are explored using calibrated technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. Taken together, these results suggest some important implications for realizing high-performance and high-reliability RF circuit designs using 45-nm CMOS-on-SOI technology.
Evaluation of a three-dimensional single-point turning at atomistic level by a molecular dynamic simulation

In this paper, a molecular dynamic simulation study was performed to study 3D single-point turning of a monocrystalline copper workpiece with rigid diamond tools at nanometric scale. Morse potential energy function was applied to model the copper/diamond and copper/copper interactions. Two-groove cutting was employed to simulate the surface creation in 3D single-point turning operations. Multiple machining conditions were investigated by considering the effects of rake angle, machining speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. Not surprisingly, in machining both grooves, the tool forces increase with the increase of feed rate and depth of cut, as well as the use of a smaller rake angle. These general observations are consistent with the conventional metal machining at longer length scales. On the other hand, it was found that the increase of machining speed also significantly causes the rise of tool forces. Moreover, the stress and instantaneous temperature distributions in the workpiece were analyzed. It was discovered that for all conditions investigated, the equivalent stress and temperature distributions actually resemble these reported for conventional machining. All cutting parameters affect the magnitude and distribution of stresses to a certain extent, while the machining speed appears to be the dominant factor for the machining temperature.
Expulsion of carriers from the double-barrier quantum well and investigation of its spectral consequences

We propose a simple procedure for evaluating the spontaneous (in absence of bias) expulsion of carriers from a nanostructure and exemplify it by computing the distribution of the net charge in the DBQW. We calculate the corresponding correction to the spectrum of this nanostructure and discuss lifting of degeneracy in narrow DBQWs. Numerical examples illustrate these effects in a wide range of temperatures, carrier densities, and widths of the quantum well.
Interpolation theorems for intuitionistic predicate logic

Abstract Craig interpolation theorem (which holds for intuitionistic logic) implies that the derivability of X,X′ ⇒ Y′ implies existence of an interpolant I in the common language of X and X′ ⇒ Y′ such that both X ⇒ I and I,X′ ⇒ Y′ are derivable. For classical logic this extends to X,X′ ⇒ Y,Y′ , but for intuitionistic logic there are counterexamples. We present a version true for intuitionistic propositional (but not for predicate) logic, and more complicated version for the predicate case.
Monodisperse Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Effective medical care requires the concurrent monitoring of medical treatment. The combination of imaging and therapeutics allows a large degree of control over the treatment efficacy and is now commonly referred to as “theranostics”. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) provide a unique nanoplatform for theranostic applications because of their biocompatibility, their responses to the external magnetic field, and their sizes which are comparable to that of functional biomolecules. Recent studies of magnetic NPs for both imaging and therapeutic applications have led to greater control over size, surface functionalization, magnetic properties, and specific binding capabilities of the NPs. The combination of the deep tissue penetration of the magnetic field and the ability of magnetic NPs to enhance magnetic resonance imaging sensitivity and magnetic heating efficiency makes magnetic NPs promising candidates for successful future theranostics.In this Account, we review recent advances in the synthesis of magnetic ...
Trans-filter propagation of apical ectoderm maintenance factor in the chick embryo wing bud

Abstract The experiments reported here were designed to analyze transmission of the postulated “apical ectoderm maintenance factor” from the postaxial portion of the wing-bud stump into preaxial tissue of the reoriented wing-bud apex. In embryos of stages 20–23, the apical zone of the right wing bud was severed, reversed (apdv) for 5–24 hours, and then restored to normal orientation. Apexes reversed for 12 hours or more developed varying degrees of excess digitation preaxially, ranging from an extra Digit II to a complete mirror-twin hand. Extensive mirror-twin duplications also formed from preaxial tissues with high frequency (75%) when the apical zone was permanently reversed with thin Millipore filter of 0.8 μ pore size interposed between the postaxial portion of the wing-bud stump and the apex. Fewer and less complete duplications occurred with filters having pore sizes of 0.45 μ or 0.05 μ, and none were found when a nonporous Mylar film was used. The results of these experiments are compatible with the thesis that the postaxial portion of the wing-bud stump is the source of “apical ectoderm maintenance factor” which is requisite to the maintenance of the apical ridge of ectoderm which induces terminal limb outgrowth. It is suggested that activity of the factor may involve structural material which is a part of the ground substance but is rather closely associated with cells which produce it. Maintenance of the ridge may be a response to this ordered environment or to some other factor whose free diffusion is guided or restricted by this environment.
Human blood platelet gC1qR/p33

Platelets are involved in the development of many types of vascular lesions. In addition to their role in primary hemostasis, they participate in inflammatory processes that may contribute to the development of thrombosis, atherosclerosis and vasculitis. In this regard, we have been interested in platelet interactions with the complement subcomponent C1q. C1q has been shown to modulate platelet interactions with collagen and immune complexes, and has been identified at sites of vascular injury and inflammation, as well as in atherosclerotic lesions. Platelets express a variety of C1q binding sites, including gC1qR/p33 (gC1qR), a multifunctional, multicompartment cellular protein. Here we focus on the structure and function of platelet gC1qR and its emerging role in modulating platelet function at sites of vascular injury and inflammation.
Interactions and pinning energies in the Bose glass phase of vortices in superconductors.

We study the ground-state and low-energy excitations of vortices pinned to columnar defects in superconductors, taking into account the long-range interaction between the fluxons. We consider the ``underfilled'' situation in the Bose glass phase, where each flux line is attached to one of the defects, while some pins remain unoccupied. By exploiting an analogy with disordered semiconductors, we calculate the spatial configurations in the ground state, as well as the distribution of pinning energies, using a zero-temperature Monte Carlo algorithm minimizing the total energy with respect to all possible one-vortex transfers. Intervortex repulsion leads to strong correlations whenever the London penetration depth exceeds the fluxon spacing. A pronounced peak appears in the static structure factor S(q) for low filling fractions f\ensuremath{\le}0.3. Interactions lead to a broad Coulomb gap in the distribution of pinning energies g(\ensuremath{\epsilon}) near the chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}, separating the occupied and empty pins. The vanishing of g(\ensuremath{\epsilon}) at \ensuremath{\mu} leads to a considerable reduction of variable-range-hopping vortex transport by correlated flux-line pinning.
Micro-magnetic and electric analysis on MR head baseline popping and instabilities

A general explanation for four types of instabilities in magneto-resistive (MR) recording heads is given. A micro-magnetic analysis of the root causes of the instabilities shows that baseline popping (BLP), permanent magnet reversal instability (PMRI), spiking noise and writer induced instability have the same root cause as random telegraph noise (RTN) which was reported previously. The details and differences in the formation of each individual phenomenon by the same cause have been investigated in this paper. An MR reader and pre-amplifier electric circuit simulation confirms that baseline popping is due to random telegraph baseline shift passing through a pre-amp DC blocking capacitor which is discharged and recharged at the two levels of the baseline.
Standing Behind and Listening to Native Hawaiian Students in the Transition Process

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to describe how culture, disability, and prospective first-generation college student status influenced the transition decisions of five nati...
Solubilization of cell walls by tomato polygalacturonases: effects of pectinesterases.

The susceptibility of isolated cell walls to solubilization by polygalacturonase and the effect of pectinesterase on the solubilization were examined. The two polygalacturonases in ripe tomatoes were purified to remove pectinesterase. Both polygalacturonases solubilized uronic acid from pectinesterase-free tomato cell walls most rapidly at about pH 3.5, well below p H 4.5, the pH optimum for their hydrolysis of pectic acid. At p H 3.5, very low levels of pectinesterase increased cell wall solubilization by the polygalacturonases seueralfold, whereas high concentrations of pectinesterase completely inhibited solubilization. A t pH 5, pectinesterase also increased cell wall solubilization, but higher concentrations were required than at pH 3.5 and high levels were not inhibitory. The materials solubilized at pH 3.5 were galacturonan with a molecular weight of about 110,000 and two fractions of much higher molecular weights consisting primarily of neutral sugars. Galactose accounted for about two-thirds of the monosaccharides in the neutral polysaccharides.
Physiological characterization of putative high-affinity glucose transport protein Hxt2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by use of anti-synthetic peptide antibodies.

Abstract Characterization and quantification of the Hxt2 (hexose transport) protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that it is one of a set of differentially expressed high-affinity glucose transporters. The protein product of the HXT2 gene was specifically detected by antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide encompassing the 13 carboxyl-terminal amino acids predicted by the HXT2 gene sequence. Hxt2 migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a broad band or closely spaced doublet with an average M(r) of 47,000. Hxt2 cofractionated with the plasma membrane ATPase, Pma1, indicating that it is a plasma membrane protein. Hxt2 was not solubilized by high pH or urea but was solublized by detergents, which is characteristic of an integral membrane protein. Expression of the Hxt2 protein was measured under two different conditions that produce expression of high-affinity glucose transport: a medium shift from a high (2.0%) to a low (0.05%) glucose concentration (referred to below as high and low glucose) and growth from high to low glucose. Hxt2 as measured by immunoblotting increased 20-fold upon a shift from high-glucose to low-glucose medium, and the high-affinity glucose transport expressed had a strong HXT2-dependent component. Surprisingly, Hxt2 was not detectable when S. cerevisiae growing in high glucose approached glucose exhaustion, and the high-affinity glucose transport expressed under these conditions did not have an HXT2-dependent component. The role of Hxt2 in growth during aerobic batch culture in low-glucose medium was examined. An hxt2 null mutant grew and consumed glucose significantly more slowly than the wild type, and this phenotype correlated directly with appearance of the Hxt2 protein.
Collarless, close-in, shaped iron aperture designs for the SSC dipole

The nominal-design SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) dipole enclosures the coil in an iron yoke having a circular aperture. The radial gap between the coil and the iron is about 15 mm to provide space for a strong annular collar around the coil, and also to reduce the effects of iron saturation on central field harmonics. The 15 mm gap also reduces the desirable dipole field contributed by the iron. A coil and aperture configuration are presented in which the gap is reduced to 5 mm at the midplane and in which the aperture is shaped to reduce the unwanted effects of iron saturation. The transfer function is increased about 5% at 6.6 T and the unwanted harmonics are within SSC tolerances at all field levels. These designs would require that the yoke and containment vessel absorb the stresses due to assembly and magnetic forces. A short magnet is being built with a close-in shaped iron aperture and existing coil geometry to assess the benefits of this concept. >
A Logical Foundation for Representation of Clinical Data

Objective: A general framework for representation of clinical data that provides a declarative semantics of terms and that allows developers to define explicitly the relationships among both terms and combinations of terms. Design: Use of conceptual graphs as a standard representation of logic and of an existing standardized vocabulary, the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED International), for lexical elements. Concepts such as time, anatomy, and uncertainty must be modeled explicitly in a way that allows relation of these foundational concepts to surface-level clinical descriptions in a uniform manner. Results: The proposed framework was used to model a simple radiology report, which included temporal references. Conclusion: Formal logic provides a framework for formalizing the representation of medical concepts. Actual implementations will be required to evaluate the practicality of this approach.
Grassmannian, central projection, and output feedback pole assignment of linear systems

A sufficient rank condition for arbitrary pole assignability by static output feedback of m-input, p-output linear systems of McMillan degree n<mp is given. This condition is easy to check and is satisfied by the generic system. An effective computational method to compute the feedback laws assigning any self-conjugate set of closed-loop poles is also given.
Simultaneous Patterning of Nanoparticles and Polymers Using an Evaporation Driven Flow in a Vapor Permeable Template

Nanoparticles and polymers have great potential for lowering cost and increasing functionality of printed sensors and electronics. However, creation of practical devices requires that many of these materials be patterned on a single substrate, and many current patterning processes can only handle a single material at a time, necessitating alignment of serial processing steps. Higher throughput and lower cost can be achieved by patterning multiple materials simultaneously. To this end, the microfluidic molding process is adapted to pattern various nanoparticle and polymer inks simultaneously, in a completely additive manner, with three-dimensional control and high relative positional accuracy between the different materials. A differential template distortion observed in channels containing different inks is analyzed and found to result from pressure force in the template due to flow of a highly viscous and highly concentrated ink in small channels. The resulting optimization between patterning speed and d...
Study of acute toxicity of galactosed human serum albumin magnetic adriamycin nanoparticle for rats

[Objective] To study the acute toxicity of galactosed human serum albumin magnetic adriamycin nanoparticle(GAMANP)for rats by injected in vein.[Methods] 8 teams were given corresponding dose of GAMANP in vein,then detecting median lethal dose(LD50)of the tow drugs with Bliss method.Observing blood biochemical changes of the rats and the pathological changes of organs of the rats.Observing the irritability of the GAMANP,and observing the difference of the tow kinds drug by the SPSS.[Results] The LD50 of GAMANP was 515.5 mg/kg to rat.GAMANP effectively reduced the changes of the blood biochemistry and pathological damage such as cardiotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity and gastroenterotoxicity.The spleen remained the same in both.We observed the anaphylaxis on one of the 20 rats.[Conclusion] GAMANP significantly diminished the tox(icity of adriamycin in the important organs of the body.The LD50 of GAMANP was improved greatly than that of ADM.It is a new type of anticancer drug in the foreground in the future.
ADDRESSING THE FORCES DRIVING INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES

Presentation of multiple dimensions of current inequality in the United States, with some discussion of some causes and some policy issues. (JEL D3)
Clinical management of short-bowel syndrome : enhancing the patient's quality of life

PreviewAfter extensive resection of the small intestine, patients experience malabsorption and excessive losses of nutrients. Adaptation of the remaining bowel increases absorption but is a gradual and limited process. With careful management, however, the long-term goal of oral feeding may be achieved. Dr Edes discusses how to reach this goal and improve the patient's quality of life.
The World Powers: The Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States

Of the four world powers since 1494, Portugal, admittedly, is the most controversial case. The preceding chapter, as a consequence, devoted considerable space to its case for oceanic leadership in the sixteenth-century global political system. Great Britain, the United States and the United Provinces of the Netherlands, are much less controversial. Therefore it is not surprising that each of these three states has had a great deal written about the ebb and flow of its political fortunes and naval successes. Accordingly in this chapter we shall review all three cases with a selective focus on their strategic contexts and choices, the development of their naval organisations, and some of the factors involved in their global asendancy and decline as leading naval powers.
Investigating Flow Experience and Scientific Practices During a Mobile Serious Educational Game

Mobile serious educational games (SEGs) show promise for promoting scientific practices and high engagement. Researchers have quantified this engagement according to flow theory. This study investigated whether a mobile SEG promotes flow experience and scientific practices with eighth-grade urban students. Students playing the game (n = 59) were compared with students in a business-as-usual control activity (n = 120). In both scenarios, students worked in small teams. Data measures included an open-ended instrument designed to measure scientific practices, a self-report flow survey, and classroom observations. The game players had significantly higher levels of flow and scientific practices compared to the control group. Observations revealed that game teams received less whole-class instruction and review compared to the control teams. Game teachers had primarily a guide-on-the-side role when facilitating the game, while control teachers predominantly used didactic instruction when facilitating the control activity. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Following the textile trail: acquisition of South and Southeast Asian art books from an Australian perspective

Australia has traditionally adopted a Eurocentric outlook which has begun to be modified in the last decade by reappraisal of the country’s location in the Asia-Pacific region. The Australian National Gallery has only recently developed its collections of the textiles of South and Southeastern Asia and of related research materials, yet it already accommodates the world’s leading public collection of Indian textiles exported to Southeast Asia. Acquisition of both contemporary and antiquarian library materials has been complicated by the range of languages and cultures involved, the history of the textile trade, colonial publishing, and the problems encountered in dealing with a varying degree of organisation in local publishing and distribution. Nonetheless, with patience, as a result of travelling, by means of networking, and with the help of distributors, it has proved possible to build a worthwhile collection without depending too exclusively on Western publications.
English Language Learners Pedagogy in the English Methods Class: Collaborative Planning as a Component of Preservice Teacher Preparation

As colleagues at an urban college of education, the authors engaged in an ongoing initiative to collaborate across their secondary English and teachers of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) preparation programs. This chapter outlines a collaborative project they implemented to strengthen English teacher candidates’ understanding of TESOL pedagogy, with benefits to TESOL specialists as well. In particular, they describe how co-planning between English and TESOL teacher candidates can set the stage for English teachers to enter the field with a greater understanding of differentiation strategies for linguistically diverse adolescents.
Acute hypersensitivity reaction to Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (CroFab) as initial presentation of galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) allergy

AbstractCrotalidae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom (CroFab), commonly used for the treatment of clinically significant North American crotalinae envenomation, is generally well-tolerated. A novel form of anaphylaxis due to an IgE antibody response to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) has been established following red-meat consumption as well as IV administration of cetuximab, which contain the α-gal epitope. We present a case of α-gal allergy discovered after acute hypersensitivity reaction to FabAV. A 61-year-old healthy female was bitten on her left ankle by Agkistrodon contortrix. Given the patient’s rapid progression of pain and swelling, she was given FabAV. During infusion of FabAV, she developed diffuse hives over her entire body and itching, but denied respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and her vital signs remained stable. The FabAV was immediately discontinued and she received intravenous diphenhydramine and famotidine with gradual resolution of symptoms. On f...
Redox signaling during hypoxia in mammalian cells

Hypoxia triggers a wide range of protective responses in mammalian cells, which are mediated through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Redox signaling in cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurs through the reversible oxidation of cysteine thiol groups, resulting in structural modifications that can change protein function profoundly. Mitochondria are an important source of ROS generation, and studies reveal that superoxide generation by the electron transport chain increases during hypoxia. Other sources of ROS, such as the NAD(P)H oxidases, may also generate oxidant signals in hypoxia. This review considers the growing body of work indicating that increased ROS signals during hypoxia are responsible for regulating the activation of protective mechanisms in diverse cell types.
Nivolumab and pembrolizumab: Monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) that are interchangeable

Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol Meyer Squibb, New York, NY) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) are the first two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1). Nivolumab and pembrolizumab work by interfering with the interaction between PD-1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), whose unimpeded interaction downregulates T cells allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. These drugs have earned a series of FDA approvals for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), urothelial cancer, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and renal cell cancer. In this review we will summarize the data for efficacy and toxicity for these two agents. We conclude that they represent two valuable but interchangeable alternatives to target their approved indications. We will discuss how this can help global payers seeking to contain the cost of cancer therapeutics that continues to spiral out of control.
Argonaute CLIP Defines a Deregulated miR-122-Bound Transcriptome that Correlates with Patient Survival in Human Liver Cancer.

Summary MicroRNA-122, an abundant and conserved liver-specific miRNA, regulates hepatic metabolism and functions as a tumor suppressor, yet systematic and direct biochemical elucidation of the miR-122 target network remains incomplete. To this end, we performed Argonaute crosslinking immunoprecipitation (Argonaute [Ago]-CLIP) sequencing in miR-122 knockout and control mouse livers, as well as in matched human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign liver tissue to identify miRNA target sites transcriptome-wide in two species. We observed a majority of miR-122 binding on 3′ UTRs and coding exons followed by extensive binding to other genic and non-genic sites. Motif analysis of miR-122-dependent binding revealed a G-bulged motif in addition to canonical motifs. A large number of miR-122 targets were found to be species specific. Upregulation of several common mouse and human targets, most notably BCL9, predicted survival in HCC patients. These results broadly define the molecular consequences of miR-122 downregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Abstract 1162: The evaluation of INCB059872, an FAD-directed covalent inhibitor of LSD1, in preclinical models of Ewing sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a rare bone cancer affecting predominantly children. The chromosomal translocation of chromosomes 11 and 22 results in the EWS/FLI gene fusion oncoprotein that is associated with ~85% of Ewing sarcoma cases. The EWS/FLI fusion protein is involved in deregulating gene expression and consequently causing cellular transformation. It was previously reported that lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) regulates EWS/FLI transcriptional activity via its functional interaction through the NuRD co-repressor complex. We therefore evaluated whether inhibition of LSD1 could have anti-tumor effects in Ewing sarcomas that express the EWS/FLI fusion oncoprotein. INCB059872 is a potent, selective, and orally available FAD-directed covalent inhibitor of LSD1. To investigate the potential utility of INCB059872 in Ewing sarcoma, the A673 cell line having the characteristic chromosomal translocation was chosen as the experimental model system. INCB059872 inhibition of LSD1 did not significantly alter A673 proliferation in vitro. However, INCB059872 inhibited oncogenic transformation as determined by colony formation clonogenicity assays. NKX.2.2 was previously identified as a critical downstream target molecule of the EWS-FLI fusion oncoprotein that is required for transformation. A significant downregulation of NKX2.2 was observed in A673 cells treated with INCB059872, suggesting that INCB059872 mediates its effects through modulation of the EWS/FLI -NKX2.2 axis. Oral administration of INCB059872 significantly suppressed the growth of both A673 and SK-ES Ewing sarcoma xenografts in vivo. In addition, in vivo efficacy was evaluated in patient derived xenograft (PDX) models that were developed from relapsed tumor tissues of Ewing sarcoma patients. Notably, a subset of PDX models having EWS/FLI translocations (3/6) exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition at well-tolerated doses of INCB059872. Molecular signatures obtained from RNA-Seq data with these PDX models exhibited intrinsic differences between responders and non-responders, suggesting additional molecular or genetic variations may contribute to their sensitivity to INCB059872. Studies identifying potential candidate molecular mechanisms are underway. Together, these data suggest that INCB059872 may be therapeutically efficacious in a subset of Ewing sarcoma patients. Citation Format: Valerie Dostalik Roman, Min Ye, Huiqing Liu, Melody Diamond, Antony Chadderton, Yvonne Lo, Xuesong M. Liu, Jin Lu, Chunhong He, Liangxing Wu, Timothy Burn, Richard Wynn, Wenqing Yao, Gregory Hollis, Gregory Hollis, Peggy Scherle, Bruce Ruggeri, Sang Hyun Lee. The evaluation of INCB059872, an FAD-directed covalent inhibitor of LSD1, in preclinical models of Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1162
Excitation and Mechanisms of Single Molecule Reactions in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) achieves atomic-scale resolution due to the exponential dependence of the tunneling current on the distance from the tip to the surface. The majority of tunneling electrons traverse the junction elastically via coherent quantum mechanical coupling between the electronic states of the tip and the conducting substrate. However, a small fraction of tunneling electrons undergoes inelastic scattering, losing parts of their energy to available dynamic modes in the junction with the energy that is less or equal to the electrochemical potential of one of the tunneling leads relative to the Fermi level of the other. Depending on the atomic electronic structure of the tunneling junction and the tunneling conditions, the excited processes may include localized plasmons with subsequent photon emission [1x2013;4], frustrated [5] and free [6] adsorbate motion, formation of charged species [7], molecular fluorescence [8], rotation [9], vibration [10], bond breaking [11, 12], and isomerization [13, 14]. The STM can therefore glimpse far beyond the local electronic structure of the junction and it has been extensively used to explore the dynamic functionality of surfaces, nanoparticles, and single molecules.
Exhibiting Russia: Revising, Reframing, and Reinterpreting the Russian Avant-Garde

Although we have some first-hand accounts of visits by American drama critics and theater directors to the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, with one or two exceptions we do not know much about how American visual artists gained first-hand knowledge of the works of the Russian avant-garde at this time. Tracing the surprisingly rich history of American exhibitions of Russian art in the first half of the twentieth century, this paper examines the influence of Berlin and Vienna in shaping American exhibitions and also shows how curatorial decisions often determined which artists were associated with which movements, even when these associations would later be contradicted by historical facts. Indeed, style may be said to have played a subservient role as curators strove to associate the avant-garde with spirituality or to gain public support for starving Russian artists. Nevertheless, these exhibitions did bring significant works to the attention of American artists and the American public, revealing the significance of certain artists as well as collectors and curators in shaping the American understanding of the Russian avant-garde.
Fire Sales and Impediments to Liquidity Provision in the Corporate Bond Market

We examine impediments to liquidity provision by mutual funds to insurance companies during corporate bond fire sales. We find that financial regulation and limited capital capacity significantly affect liquidity provision. Mutual funds reduced their purchase of fire sale bonds following regulatory changes after the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Funds facing more capital constraints (proxied by smaller cash and treasury holdings, less liquid corporate bond investments, higher redemption risk, and less active investment styles) provide less liquidity. Mutual funds actively investing in fire sale bonds earn significant returns from liquidity provision and demonstrate superior overall skills in corporate bond investments.
Emergency water treatment with ferrate(VI) in response to natural disasters

The frequency and magnitude of natural disasters (e.g. hurricanes) have increased globally over the past century. Clean water is a top priority for disaster-affected populations. However, existing emergency water treatment (EWT) methods are not all feasible or technically effective in many emergency situations. The recent Puerto Rican water crisis after Hurricane Maria highlights the research needs and new challenges for new EWT technologies. In this study, bench scale experiments were carried out to evaluate ferrate(VI) for the treatment of simulated disaster-polluted water. Results show that ferrate(VI) treatment could simultaneously and effectively inactivate bacterial indicators, remove metal and metalloid contaminants, degrade dissolved organic matter, and reduce turbidity, while insignificantly increasing total dissolved solids (TDS) to ensure an acceptable TDS ≤ 1000 mg L−1 (the recommended minimum TDS standard for an emergency water supply). The ferrate(VI) dose played a key role, because it directly influenced the removal efficiencies and also affected the size distributions of iron and metal/metalloid contaminants after treatment. As the ferrate(VI) dose increased, the fractions of soluble and colloidal iron and metal/metalloid contaminants decreased, while their particulate portions increased, implying that the contaminants were associated with ferrate(VI) resultant iron particles. Therefore, an increased ferrate(VI) dose could accelerate the aggregation of fine iron particles, thereby facilitating the removal of associated toxic metals and metalloids in ensuing solid–liquid separation. Ferrate(VI) opens a new opportunity for EWT to provide safe and sufficient water for disaster-affected populations and rapid disaster relief. The knowledge can also be applied to ferrate(VI) treatment design for municipal water treatment and reuse, supporting urban water sustainability.
Multi-object detection and tracking via kernel covariance factorization in thermal video

This paper addresses the problem of joint object detection and tracking in thermal videos. Object detection is formulated as a sparse factorization task of a properly defined kernel covariance matrix. The support of these estimated factors is used to determine the indices of the pixels that form each object. A coordinate descent approach is utilized to determine the sparse factors, and extract the object pixels. For each object, the centroid pixel is subsequently tracked via Kalman filtering. A novel interplay between the sparse kernel covariance factorization scheme along with Kalman filtering is proposed to enable joint object detection and tracking, while a divide and conquer strategy is put forth to reduce computational complexity in tracking. Numerical tests demonstrate the improved tracking performance over existing alternatives.
A dual-purpose positioner-fixture for precision six-axis positioning and precision fixturing: Part I. Modeling and design

This paper introduces a moving groove fixture which can be operated in two modes; as (1) a precision fixture or (2) a six-axis nanopositioner. Actuators and flexure bearings are integrated within the structural loop of the fixture, thereby enabling controlled changes in fixtured orientation and position while retaining high fixture stiffness. The combination of positioner and fixture characteristics enables one to adjust the fixtured position/orientation and then repeatably fixture about that position/orientation. Models of the fixture's six-axis kinematic characteristics and stiffness were generated and used to design a prototype.
Does Problem Behavior Just Happen

This chapter discusses psychoanalytic, behavioral, and systemic models of the origin of problem behavior and their implications for therapy. It adds the possibility of the accidental occurrence of problem behavior and questions the importance of knowing how a problem originated to the change process. Implications for brief therapy are discussed.
Hybrid LU factorization on multi-GPU multi-core heterogeneous platforms

DESCRIPTIONLU factorization is an important step in solving systems of linear equations. It is the most computationally intensive step compared to the subsequent backward substitution. Hence, to solve a linear system fast requires performing LU factorization fast. Accelerator-based approach for linear algebra has been steadily gaining attention over recent years. GPUs appear to be the most prominent in many respects and nowadays are widely used accelerators. They are one of the fastest hardware for math operations on large data sets which feature high data parallelism. In this work, we designed and implemented a hybrid LU factorization on a multi-core and multi-GPU heterogeneous platform.
Rapid Detection of Shear-Induced Damage in Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Using Ultrasound

Previous investigations have shown that tissue-engineered articular cartilage can be damaged under a combination of compression and sliding shear. In these cases, damage was identified in histologi...
Circulating tumor DNA assessment in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following CAR-T therapy.

7552Background: Circulating tumor DNA(CTD) have been used for disease monitoring in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma(DLBCL) (Kurtz ASCO 2016). Role of CTD assessment in DLBCL patients treated with CAR...