cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The European Corn Borer, Clean-Up Methods

Conditions under which corn is grown in northern Ohio make clean-up work for European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis Hubn., difficult to carry out. In much of the infested area the corn is cut by hand and much of the stalk is left in the stubble. Machine cutting is being advocated to remove from the field more of the stalks, which later should be shredded or otherwise disposed of in a way that will kill the overwintering larvae. A county-wide effort was directed towards cleaning up and burning surplus corn stalks and suspected sweet corn stubble in Ashtabula County, Ohio, during the spring of 1923. A "corn borer burning week" was announced and carried out April 23-28. Through this organized effort of the corn growers there was secured approximately eighty percent destruction of stalk remnants which are normally allowed to remain. A study of results showed a considerable increase of corn borer infestation to have occurred in Ashtabula County during the summer of 1923, but that the intensity of this infestation was so reduced as to remove the county from first place in the number of insects found per unit of area examined. Indications are that stubble infestation and migration from outside areas make the burning of such surplus stalks as is practicable only a partial control and not sufficient in itself to avoid rapid increase of the pest.
Antacid use in an ambulatory elderly population. A report from Dunedin Program.

Antacid use was studied in a population of 3192 elderly ambulatory subjects. Antacids were used by 18.6% of women and 12.9% of men. Three common antacid products accounted for 63.8% of all antacids used by these subjects. Serum phosphorus concentrations of participants using aluminum antacids were significantly lower than in a nonantacid user control group (P<0.02). Total protein and serum calcium concentrations of subjects using aluminum and magnesium combination antacid products were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.001 andP<0.04). Men using calcium carbonate antacids reported diarrhea significantly more frequently than control subjects.
Effect of horn flies on weight gains of beef cattle.

Haematobia irritans (L.) was controlled by exposing yearling steers to dust bags containing 1% coumaphos installed at entrances to salt box enclosures. Weight gains of treated steers during 6 yr, 1971–1976, increased an avg of 5 and 3 kg/head more than untreated steers during early and late grazing periods, respectively. The total gain advantage for horn fly control at time of slaughter, following a feedlot phase, was 10 kg/head.
Bridging the Gap between Numerical Sediment Modeling and Reality for Dam Removal Investigations

Dam removal projects are becoming increasingly common, yet the accuracy of quantitative sediment predictions remains uncertain. This situation results because of a general lack of scientific monitoring during dam removals, and the fact that the majority of dams that have been removed are small in size. Resource managers dealing with dam removal projects rely heavily on results from predictive numerical modeling to assess environmental impacts on the human environment. If the models are not properly applied, predicted impacts can be erroneous. This paper provides some guidance for the application of numerical sediment transport models to improve their accuracy and utility for dam removal investigations.
Thrust of a Zero-Net-Mass-Flux Actuator in Aqueous Crossflow

A set of water tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of crossflow on the thrust of a zero-net-mass-flux actuator in aqueous environment. The actuator, which consisted of a high-impulse solenoid driving a piston in a cylindrical cavity, was enclosed in a streamlined cylindrical body aligned with the freestream and connected to a 6-axis load cell. The actuator orifice was oriented perpendicular to the freestream. The Reynolds number based on the actuator characteristic velocity and the orifice diameter was 63,000. The time averaged thrust was measured for actuation frequencies up to 24 Hz and freestream velocities of up to 8 m/s. A slug model predicts the average thrust to scale linearly with the actuation frequency, and this was verified experimentally up to a limit imposed by the solenoid response. The time averaged thrust decreased linearly with the freestream velocity.
Breeding of Fine Quality Indica CMS Line Tianlong 1A in Rice

Tianlong 1A,derived from the cross of Basmati,an introduced fine quality rice,and H067,an indica-japonica derivative with maintaining ability,and the testcross of single plants selected from its F3 population to Feigai A,is a new CMS line developed by Mianyang Tianlong Rice Research Institute through the successive backcrossing method.It has compact plant type,strong tillering ability,stable male sterility,high outcrossing rate and good grain quality.Its hybrids show a strong heterosis in grain yield and a relatively early maturity.In August,2004,it was technically identified in Sichuan Province.The hybrid Tianlongyou 140 (Tianlong 1A/Tianlonghui 140),a double-cropping late rice hybrid variety,was certified and released to commercial production in Hunan Province in 2009.
Narration and Nutrition in Apuleius' Metamorphoses

Unusual things are to happen to Lucius in Hypata. Since he finds himself lodged at the home of the town's foremost miser, he tactfully refuses hospitality and sets off to procure his own food for dinner. After a little bargaining, he manages to purchase some fish at a reasonable price – but life is not going to be that easy. He is spotted by an acquaintance from Athens who has confirmed the ‘Peter Principle’ by rising to the position of public overseer of the market. Pythias is wonderfully officious: when he learns how much the fish have cost his friend, he is outraged and immediately drags Lucius back to the fish-seller, scolds the miscreant merchant, and as a curious climax to his absurd performance: et profusa in medium sportula iubet officialem suum insuper pisces inscendere ac pedibus suis totos obterere. qua contentus morum seueritudine meus Pythias ac mihi, ut abirem, suadens: ‘sufficit mihi, o Luci’, inquit, ‘seniculi tanta haec columella.’ his actis consternatus ac prorsus obstupidus ad balneas me refero prudentis con-discipuli ualido consilio et nummis simul priuatus et cena lautusque ad hospitium Milonis ac dehinc cubiculum me reporto. Then he emptied the fish out of my basket and ordered one of the minor officials to jump on them and to trample them to smithereens. After which, this friend of mine, Pythias, smiling complacently at the rigour with which he fulfilled his duties, motioned me to depart. ‘I am satisfied, Lucius,’ he said. ‘That is enough reproof for the old scoundrel.’ Speechless and flabbergasted, I wandered off to the Baths, bereft of both food and money through this high-handed procedure of my judicious fellowstudent. I bathed and refreshed myself, and then returned to Mi1o's house, and into my bedroom.
MULTI-PASS MICROSCOPY

Microscopy of biological specimens often requires low light levels to avoid damage. This yields images impaired by shot noise. An improved measurement accuracy at the Heisenberg limit can be achieved exploiting quantum correlations. If sample damage is the limiting resource, an equivalent limit can be reached by passing photons through a specimen multiple times sequentially. Here we use self-imaging cavities and employ a temporal post-selection scheme to present full-field multi-pass polarization and transmission micrographs with variance reductions of 4.4±0.8 dB (11.6±0.8 dB in a lossless setup) and 4.8±0.8 dB, respectively, compared with the single-pass shot-noise limit. If the accuracy is limited by the number of detected probe particles, our measurements show a variance reduction of 25.9±0.9 dB. The contrast enhancement capabilities in imaging and in diffraction studies are demonstrated with nanostructured samples and with embryonic kidney 293T cells. This approach to Heisenberg-limited microscopy does not rely on quantum state engineering.
Λ K 0 and Σ 0 K 0 Production in 1.5-BeV/ c π − p Interactions

476 $\ensuremath{\Lambda}{K}^{0}$ and 134 ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}{K}^{0}$ events have been investigated in the experiment 1.508 BeV/c ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}{K}^{0} \mathrm{and} {\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}{K}^{0}$. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ is produced mostly backward in the center of mass and has an average polarization (-0.76\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14). The production and polarization angular distributions are well fit with $\mathrm{spd}$ waves. The total $\ensuremath{\Lambda}{K}^{0}$ production cross section is (214+23) \ensuremath{\mu}b. The ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}$ production angular distribution has a small backward peak and an indication of a forward rise; it is consistent with either $\mathrm{sp}$ or $\mathrm{spd}$ waves. The statistics are too poor to measure the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}$ polarization.
Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease

The oldest-old represent the fastest growing segment of society, and the risk of developing dementia continues to increase with advancing age into the 9th and 10th decades of life. The most common form of dementia in the oldest-old is Alzheimer disease (AD), although there are often mixed pathologies contributing to dementia in addition to amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Diagnosing AD in the oldest-old is challenging due to cognitive and physical changes associated with aging. Treatment remains supportive, with current approved medications able to provide modest symptomatic benefit but unable to slow the progression of disease.
Non Radiative Processes in Phosphorene

Novel 2D materials with interesting properties have been synthetized and characterized recently. In particular, unlike graphene, silicene or germanene, phosphorene has attracted a lot of attention because of its intrinsic band gap. This property allows for a wide range of applications where semiconductor thin films are traditionally used (e.g. electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectrics). For each application, the device efficiency depends on how well an electrical current is extracted from the active materials, and depends on a variety of electron scattering processes. Some of these scattering processes can considerably improve or degrade device efficiencies. In this contribution we focus on non-radiative electron-hole pair generation and recombination processes, i.e. impact ionization (charge carrier multiplication) and Auger processes (charge carrier recombination). The rate of these processes is calculated from first principles and their effects on device operation are estimated.
Facilitating Context Switching Through Tangible Artifacts

Modern information workers typically juggle multiple tasks at the same time and manage these multiple task threads or working contexts through either physical or digital artifacts. These artifacts help the worker to keep track of the identity and state of the tasks. This practice of using artifacts in this manner isn't as well supported for digital representations of work contexts. This paper details work on a prototype system, "Context Manager", that creates explicit representations of work contexts and their related documents and links them to physical RFID-infused artifacts. An evaluative study of the system was conducted and its findings are analyzed in accordance with grounded theory.
Effects of water vapor on poly(vinyl butyral) ceramic binder burnout

The effects of water vapor on non-oxidative poly(vinyl butyral) functional group decomposition mechanisms are described. Species-specific evolution profiles obtained by mass spectrometric analysis of gases evolved while heating silica, mullite, and α-alumina coated with poly(vinyl butyral) binder show that volatile product yields are affected by the presence of water vapor. When water vapor is incorporated into binder burnout atmospheres, acetic acid yields increase and C4H6O yields decrease. Acetic acid yields increased because water vapor interacted with oxide basic sites that otherwise reacted with acetic acid to form carboxylate species. Water vapor also inhibits C4H6O formation, possibly by stabilizing a polar intermediate produced during side group cleavage reactions.
National Multispecialty Survey Results: Comparing Morbidity and Mortality Conference Practices within and outside Otolaryngology:

Objective The objective is to describe variations in the otolaryngology morbidity and mortality (MM 32% used standard case selection processes; 70% used structured discussion, usually root cause analysis (64%); and 32% classified harm level. In comparison with other specialties, otolaryngology programs were more likely to discuss all adverse events and errors ( P = .01). Most conferences led to quality projects and intrainstitutional communication: 22% communicated to patients and families; 73% of respondents thought that M&M conferences should be standardized or use "best practices." In both surveys, improving patient care was rated the conference's most important function, followed by trainee education and culture change. Patient care and practice-based learning were rated the most relevant Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Core Competencies in both surveys. Conclusions Academic otolaryngology M&M practices generally align with other specialties, but specifics vary widely, making collaborative quality improvement challenging. Educational and administrative priorities cross specialties. Most respondents thought that standardization and best practices are worthwhile. Nonacademic practice data are needed.
Abstract TP395: Completing Stroke Education Requirements for Comprehensive Stroke Center Certification

Background: The Joint Commission outlines requirements for Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSC) which includes 8 hours of stroke education for staff providing care to the complex stroke patient. This...
Ulric Neisser’s Views on the Psychology of Language and Thought

This is an interview with Dr. Neisser. The first question is what role cognition plays in the acquisition and development of language.
Case Report Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Hodgkin’s disease: report of two cases and a review of the literature

Abstract Twenty-five patients from the literature and two additional patients with Hodgkin’s disease and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are reviewed. In 22 patients the ITP occurred after the Hodgkin’s disease was treated. In nine of these patients, the Hodgkin’s disease was active at the time of the ITP. In four patients, the diagnosis of ITP was concurrent with that of Hodgkin’s disease. In one patient, ITP preceded Hodgkin’s disease by one year. Seven of 26 patients achieved complete remission of the ITP with prednisone. In each of these patients the Hodgkin’s disease was in complete remission, and each had a previous splenectomy. Seven of 14 patients achieved complete remission of the ITP after splenectomy. Four of these patients had active Hodgkin’s disease. Of the 27 patients, 14 were in remission of the Hodgkin’s disease at the time of ITP. To date, relapse of the Hodgkin’s disease has occurred in only one patient. Lymphadenopathy in five of these patients proved to be benign hyperplasia on biopsy. In addition to the association with Hodgkin’s disease, review of ITP cases at Upstate Medical Center and a recent report in the literature indicate that there may be a general association between ITP and malignancy.
Parents as Therapists

In general, the results one obtains by treating children with behavior modification are encouraging and lead one to become optimistic about this form of treatment for such children. However, there are certain problems or weaknesses in this approach which should be identified, so as to improve the treatment model. In describing these problems we draw heavily upon our own data, but this is mostly for purposes of illustration, because other investigators report similar problems across a rather wide range of children. Let us describe the problems we have encountered.
Morphosyntax Production of Preschool Children With Hearing Loss: An Evaluation of the Extended Optional Infinitive and Surface Accounts.

Purpose The first aim of this study was to explore differences in profiles of morphosyntax production of preschool children with hearing loss (CHL) relative to age- and language-matched comparison ...
Environmental Issues in Exercise Promotion

Environmental issues affecting the disabled population include the environment itself. This chapter will focus on how the disability model has changed over time beginning with marginalization and institutionalization of people with disabilities to incorporating and including people with disabilities into the environment by establishing built environments to meet the needs of people with all types of disabilities. This universal paradigm incorporates focus groups and information gathering from people with disabilities along with people in the community, developers, city planners, architects, and engineers who are working toward an inclusive and encompassing environment for all people. This will afford people with disabilities the same opportunities and success as able-bodied or what is often referred to as the normative population. This team-based and inclusive approach will result in a more productive population and in turn improve quality of life in individuals with disabilities.
“Oh, S**t! Did i just swear in class?”: Using emotional response theory to understand the role of instructor swearing in the college classroom

The current study examines students’ emotional responses to instructor swearing and extends previous research to validate functions and targets of instructor swearing. A measure was created to asse...
A divide-and-conquer algorithm for two-point L1 shortest path queries in polygonal domains

Let $P$ be a polygonal domain of $h$ holes and $n$ vertices. We study the problem of constructing a data structure that can compute a shortest path between $s$ and $t$ in $P$ under the $L_1$ metric for any two query points $s$ and $t$. To do so, a standard approach is to first find a set of $n_s$ "gateways" for $s$ and a set of $n_t$ "gateways" for $t$ such that there exist a shortest $s-t$ path containing a gateway of $s$ and a gateway of $t$, and then compute a shortest $s-t$ path using these gateways. Previous algorithms all take quadratic $O(n_s n_t)$ time to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a divide-and-conquer technique that solves the problem in $O(n_s + n_t\log n_s)$ time. As a consequence, we construct a data structure of $O(n+(h^2 \log^3 h / \log\log h))$ size in $O(n+(h^2 \log^4 h / \log\log h))$ time such that each query can be answered in $O(\log n)$ time.
Effect of a continuous epitendinous suture as adjunct to three-loop pulley and locking-loop patterns for flexor tendon repair in a canine model

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of combining a continuous epitendinous suture with three‐loop pulley (3LP) and locking‐loop (LL) core patterns for flexor tendon repair. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo biomechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Seventy‐two cadaveric superficial digital flexor musculotendon (SDFT) units. METHODS: Tendons were divided into four groups (n = 18/group). After sharp transection, SDFT were repaired with 3LP, LL, 3LP + epitendinous (E), or LL + E suture patterns. After preloading, repaired constructs were tested to failure. Video data acquisition allowed evaluation of failure mode and quantitation of gap formation. Yield, peak, and failure force were measured from force‐displacement data. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Mode of failure did not differ between repairs with or without an epitendinous suture (P = .255). Gap formation was best prevented with 3LP compared with LL when used alone (P = .001). Mean yield force for 3LP, LL, 3LP + E, and LL + E were 91.4 N ± 25.4, 61.3 N ± 18.4, 195.2 N ± 66.0, 165.3 N ± 46.8, respectively. Tenorrhaphies combined with an epitendinous suture achieved higher yield (P < .0001), peak (P < .0001), and failure forces (P < .0001), without gapping between tendon ends. CONCLUSION: Addition of an epitendinous suture eliminated gapping between tendon ends until failure and increased resistance to loads tolerated at the repair site. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of an epitendinous suture may increase the strength of tendon repairs and resistance to gap formation over core suture use alone. The influence of epitendinous suture placement on tendinous healing and blood supply warrants in‐vivo testing.
Robustness of Food Processing Classification Systems.

Discrepancies exist among food processing classification systems and in the relationship between processed food intake and dietary quality of children. This study compared inter-rater reliability, food processing category, and the relationship between processing category and nutrient concentration among three systems (Nova, International Food Information Council (IFIC), and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC)). Processing categories for the top 100 most commonly consumed foods children consume (NHANES 2013–2014) were independently coded and compared using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Relative ability of nutrient concentration to predict processing category was investigated using linear discriminant analysis and multinomial logistic regression and compared between systems using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. UNC had the highest inter-rater reliability (ρ = 0.97), followed by IFIC (ρ = 0.78) and Nova (ρ = 0.76). UNC and Nova had the highest agreement (80%). Lower potassium was predictive of IFIC’s classification of foods as moderately compared to minimally processed (p = 0.01); lower vitamin D was predictive of UNC’s classification of foods as highly compared to minimally processed (p = 0.04). Sodium and added sugars were predictive of all systems’ classification of highly compared to minimally processed foods (p < 0.05). Current classification systems may not sufficiently identify foods with high nutrient quality commonly consumed by children in the U.S.
Collecting Quotations by Topic: degrees of Preservation and Transtextual Relations among Genres

This paper aims at exploring many issues concerning the difficult task of collecting quotations and text re-uses of lost historians. The subject is addressed not by author or by work, but focusing on a topic and discussing sources that belong to different genres and are characterized by different degrees of preservation. The test-case is constituted by the sources on the revolt of Samos (440-439 BC). The aim of this paper is to address some questions concerning the difficult task of collecting fragments — i.e. quotations and textual re-uses — of lost texts of Classical prose writers. With this goal in mind, I am not going to talk about a fragmentary author or about a modern edition of fragments, but I will present my reflections focusing on a topic and gathering ancient sources about it. The rationale for this choice is to collect evidence that belongs to different genres and is characterized by different degrees of preservation. The ultimate purpose is to explore connections among sources and point to a relation type perspective, which is one of the most challenging issues when dealing with quotations1. This comparative analysis is the first step in examining three basic aspects of fragments of ancient works, combining both an endotextual and an exotextual approach: (1) the contribution of fragments to our knowledge of a certain topic, (2) the reasons for quoting them, and (3) their role inside the context of transmission2. This means investigating their level of distance from the original text, which is lost, and the intention of the author who has selected, excerpted, and quoted a portion of the original text in a new (con)text. At the same time, gathering ancient sources by topic enables us to put together fragments that modern editors have been forced, for more or less compelling reasons, to collect and classify into distinct categories, although the differences among their supposed genres are often not so evident and therefore definable. * I express my warmest thanks to Guido Schepens and Stefan Schorn for giving me the opportunity to discuss with them the contents of this paper and for their precious suggestions. I am also very grateful to Thomas R. Martin and D. Neel Smith for a preliminary discussion about the role of new editors of fragments of ancient literature. 1 See Berti (2012a) and (2012b). 2 On the concept of ‘cover-text’ of historical fragments, see Schepens (1997a) 166-168. 96421_AncientSociety_43_11.indd 269 3/10/13 13:08
Histopathologic features of breast cancer in Li–Fraumeni syndrome

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in female patients with Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a rare autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome characterized by germline TP53 mutations. Recent studies have shown that the majority of these tumors are estrogen receptor (ER) positive with frequent HER2 co-expression. However, the morphologic features of these tumors have not been as well studied as other germline-associated breast cancers. We evaluated the pathologic features of 27 invasive and in situ carcinomas from patients with known germline TP53 mutations collected through the Li–Fraumeni Consortium. Overall, 60% of cases were HER2 positive and 44% showed ER co-expression. Most DCIS was high nuclear grade with central necrosis and associated periductal fibrosis and lymphocytic response. Invasive carcinomas were mostly of ductal type (NOS), modified Scarff–Bloom–Richardson (mSBR) high grade, with marked nuclear atypia and high mitotic rate. Prominent tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, syncytial growth pattern, or pushing borders were not seen in these tumors. High p53 IHC expression was seen in tumors from individuals with germline TP53 missense mutations whereas little or no protein expression (<1% nuclear expression, null pattern) was seen in tumors from carriers of non-missense mutations. In this study, we report in detail the morphologic features of invasive and in situ carcinomas in LFS. We found that these tumors share features with cancers harboring somatic TP53 mutations but are distinct from BRCA-associated breast cancers.
Case 282: Fishbone Pylephlebitis.

HistoryA 63-year-old woman with a history of left mastectomy for breast cancer and partial gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for nonhealing peptic ulcer presented to the emergency departmen...
Benefits beyond service: The facilitative effects of service-learning pedagogy on nuanced reflection and ethical sensemaking

Using the sensemaking model of ethical decision making (EDM) as the framework for this effort, we explored the effectiveness of service-learning (SL) pedagogy on how students approach ethical decis...
Malocclusion and prematurity at birth.

Newborns birth prematurely correspond to births with less than 37 weeks of gestation. There are some characteristics intrinsic to the premature ones that act in the Stomatognathic System, triggering the malocclusion. The objective of this article was to investigate the influences that prematurity at birth can generate in a dental environment, more specifically, triggering malocclusion. We searched the databases: Google Scholar and PubMED. In Google Scholar we used the search term: premature birth and malocclusion and dentistry and 2014 and 2015 and 2016 and 2017 and 2018. In PubMED we used the search expression: malocclusion and dentistry and born preterm. It was concluded that, in order to avoid malocclusion, methods of preventive approach in preterm births are necessary to enable adequate growth and development of the stomatognathic system. The encouragement of breastfeeding is related to the influence of breastfeeding, since if it does not occur it can lead to changes in the stomatognathic system.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Setigerumine I: Biosynthetic Origins of the Elusive Racemic Papaveracaea Isoxazolidine Alkaloids

The biosynthetic origins of the structurally related racemic isoxazolidine Papaveracaea alkaloids Setigerumine I, Dactylicapnosinine and Dactylicapnosine have remained elusive since their original isolation over two decades ago. Herein we report the first biosynthetic hypothesis for their formation and, inspired by it, the first synthesis of (±)-Setigerumine I with accompanying computational rationale. Based on the results, these isoxazolidine alkaloids arise from racemizing oxidative rearrangements of prominent isoquinoline alkaloids Noscapine and Hydrastine. The key steps featured in this synthesis are a room temperature Cope elimination and a domino C–H oxidation/inverse-electron demand 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an axially chiral, yet configurationally unstable, intermediate.
Nursing student retention and success: Action innovations and research matters

Abstract Enhancing nursing student retention, success, and workforce diversity is a priority. Jeffreys's Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) model is an easily adaptable, comprehensive framework utilized across degree programs, formats, and settings. This article highlights the utility of the NURS model as applied by educators other than the theorist; identifies strengths and gaps; poses priority focus areas; and introduces tips and recommendations for implementing responsive, responsible high-quality action innovations and research (AIR). First, the literature review process, NURS model application, and major takeaways are presented. An A-Z list provides checkpoints and considerations when reviewing, designing, implementing, evaluating, or disseminating AIR. While some checkpoints are applicable across many types of projects and studies, some pertain generally to nursing student retention and success; some are specific to the NURS model. Checkpoints offer immediate individual and collective faculty actions and ideas for enhancing AIR quality, impact, student success, and nursing education scholarship.
Probing local thermal stabilities of bovine, horse, and tuna ferricytochromes c at pH 7.

Correlation between the flexibility of the Met80 loop (residues 75–86) and the local stabilities of native ferricytochromes c from horse, bovine, and tuna was examined. By monitoring the heme bands versus temperature, absorption changes associated with altered ligation in the alkaline isomers were observed. In addition, the intensity of the 695-nm absorption band, which is associated with the heme-crevice stability, decreased with increasing temperature and exhibited biphasic temperature dependence, with transition temperatures (T c) at 35 °C in tuna c, 55°C in horse c, and 58°C in bovine c. Since the heme crevice plays a key role in the thermal stabilities of cytochromes c, their susceptibility to proteolytic attack was examined as a function of temperature. Proteolytic digestion, which requires local conformational instability, revealed that the local stabilities of the cytochromes follow the order: bovine>horse≫ tuna, and increased digestion occurred at temperatures close to the 695-nm T c for each protein. This is consistent with the actual substitution of the Met80 ligand above the 695-nm T c, which is reflected in the thermodynamic parameters for the two phases. Also, tuna c, unlike horse and bovine c, exhibits different 695-nm (35°C) and Soret (∼46°C) T c values, but its local stability is controlled by the transition detected at 695 nm. The combined spectroscopic and proteolysis results clearly indicate that the flexibility of the Met80 loop determines the local stability of cytochromes c.
Instrumental aspects of chiroptical detection

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chiroptical instruments for chiral analysis. The chapter is divided in two parts that coversbasic instrumental topics relevant to the modern chiroptical instruments. Part A will discuss the properties and production of polarized light and endeavor to provide a basic introduction to the topic that can serve both, as a tutorial and background for later chapters. Modern chiroptical instrumentation depends critically on the ability to detect weak signals. As a result, Part B of this chapter will discuss some of the aspects of signal handling that allow weak signals to be detected in the presence of noise. Modulation followed by synchronous demodulation provides a powerful means of locking-in on a signal of interest, while simultaneously rejecting other signal components that are not of interest. As a result, the chapter will conclude with a discussion of phase-sensitive detection as a means of signal-to-noise enhancement in signal recovery.
The undecidability of the spatialized prisoner's dilemma

In the spatialized Prisoner's Dilemma, players compete against their immediate neighbors and adopt a neighbor's strategy should it prove locally superior. Fields of strategies evolve in the manner of cellular automata (Nowak and May, 1993; Mar and St. Denis, 1993a,b; Grim 1995, 1996). Often a question arises as to what the eventual outcome of an initial spatial configuration of strategies will be: Will a single strategy prove triumphant in the sense of progressively conquering more and more territory without opposition, or will an equilibrium of some small number of strategies emerge? Here it is shown, for finite configurations of Prisoner's Dilemma strategies embedded in a given infinite background, that such questions are formally undecidable: there is no algorithm or effective procedure which, given a specification of a finite configuration, will in all cases tell us whether that configuration will or will not result in progressive conquest by a single strategy when embedded in the given field. The proof introduces undecidability into decision theory in three steps: by (1) outlining a class of abstract machines with familiar undecidability results, by (2) modelling these machines within a particular family of cellular automata, carrying over undecidability results for these, and finally by (3) showing that spatial configurations of Prisoner's Dilemma strategies will take the form of such cellular automata.
Integrated electrical, optical, and thermal high density and compliant wafer-level chip I/O interconnections for gigascale integration

The integration of more than a billion transistors on a chip, or gigascale integration (GSI), imposes significant constraints on interconnection and packaging of such chips. Specifically, the need for hundreds of amperes of dc current, very high input/output (I/O) bandwidth, high heat removal capability, and the interconnection of Si chips with low-k interlayer dielectric to boards with higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) will challenge all aspects of conventional packaging and interconnection. A solution to the above described system level demands is the batch fabrication of high density and mechanically compliant electrical, optical, and thermal chip (I/O) interconnections at the wafer level. Such I/O interconnections are described in this paper.
The Death Knell of Traditional Defined Benefit Plans: Avoiding a Race to the 401(k) Bottom

In August of 2006, President Bush signed into law the most sweeping reform of America’s pension laws in over 30 years. Touted as the cure-all to pension funding ills and Enron-type scandals, the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (“Act”) is designed to strengthen defined benefit plans and the federal corporation that backs the benefits under those plans by increasing funding requirements and employer deductibility limitations. The Act also includes provisions designed to strengthen defined contribution plans, such as 401(k) plans. Although well-intended, the Act will do little to slow down employers’ mass exodus from the defined benefit plan system. Over the past 20 years, both struggling and healthy companies have abandoned defined benefit plan sponsorship. In 2005 and 2006 alone, United Airways, US Airways, IBM and Verizon were among the companies that either terminated their defined benefit plans or froze plan benefit accruals. General Motors, America’s largest defined benefit plan sponsor, is now facing a financial crisis that may affect its 600,000 plan participants. With its more burdensome and costly requirements, the Act will hasten the death knell of traditional defined benefit plans as more employers face mounting and uncertain liabilities under these plans. Further, the Act does little to promote retirement security for defined contribution plans. Increasingly more common, employers are abandoning defined benefit plan sponsorship in favor of defined contribution plans. These plans provide little in the way of retirement security. Over the last five years, thousands of employees have invested plan assets in employer securities. With the downfall of companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and the poor performance of other companies such as Lucent Technologies and Qwest Communications, these employees have lost a large part of their retirement savings. Other employees have pilfered their retirement savings by consuming their account balances in pre-retirement years through in-service distributions, plan loans, hardship distributions and distributions on termination of employment. While the Act encourages employer-facilitated investment advice and promotes some level of plan asset diversification, it does little to ensure that plan participants will accrue significant benefits for post-retirement years. This Article looks at America’s loss of retirement security stemming from the shift away from traditional defined benefit plan sponsorship and the embracement of defined contribution plan sponsorship. It also looks at the root causes underlying the shift and how the Act fails to adequately address the looming pension crisis. Finally, the Article, recommends additional legislative changes that increase the retirement security provided under employer-sponsored defined contribution plans.
Tourist Activated Networks: Implications for Dynamic Packaging Systems in Tourism

This paper discusses tourist activated networks as a concept to inform technological applications supporting dynamic bundling and en-route recommendations. Empirical data was collected from travellers who visited a regional destination in the US and then analyzed with respect to its network structure. The results indicate that the tourist activated network for the destination is rather sparse and that there are clearly differences in core and peripheral nodes. The findings illustrate the structure of a tourist activated network and provide implications for technology design and tourism marketing.
Adaptive flight control with living neuronal networks on microelectrode arrays

The brain is perhaps one of the most robust and fault tolerant computational devices in existence and yet little is known about its mechanisms. Microelectrode arrays have recently been developed in which the computational properties of networks of living neurons can be studied in detail. In this paper we report work investigating the ability of living neurons to act as a set of neuronal weights which were used to control the flight of a simulated aircraft. These weights were manipulated via high frequency stimulation inputs to produce a system in which a living neuronal network would "learn" to control an aircraft for straight and level flight.
Depression and language acculturation correlate with smoking among older Asian American adolescents in New York City.

Objective: To explore the correlates of smoking status among a sample of Asian American adolescents in New York City (NYC). Design and Sample: This descriptive, correlational study compared current smokers and current nonsmokers in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, academic performance, acculturation, depressive symptoms, smoking history, and parental, sibling, and peer smoking. The convenience sample included 328 Asian American adolescents, ages 16–19, who lived in NYC, and were recruited from members, friends, and affiliates of 6 organizational sources. Measures: The study used demographic, depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale), English language acculturation, and smoking opportunity survey questionnaires. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that being older, being more English-language acculturated, having poor academic performance, increased depressive symptoms, and having siblings and peers who smoked were significantly associated with current smoking. Conclusions: Asian American adolescents initiate smoking later than other groups. Depressive symptoms were at high levels in the sample and were correlated with smoking. Thus, for Asian American adolescents, smoking prevention programs should be extended to later grades, with particular attention to low-performing students and those who are more acculturated. Likewise, programs that identify and assist adolescents with depressive symptoms may be useful in smoking prevention.
Instrumented Hertzian indentation of armor ceramics

There is commonality between the resulting damage in ballistically tested ceramics and Hertzian indentation. In an effort to study the parameters associated with the damage from the latter, a new-instrumented indentation test system was fabricated to facilitate the evaluation of (typically very hard) candidate armor ceramics. The indentation results from the testing with this system indicate that the utilization of a diamond indenter; ultra high-resolution displacement measurement; a controlled loading/unloading waveform; and a simple mechanical analog model can be used in combination to quantify quasi-plastic yield and ring-crack initiation stresses that may be subsequently used to generate a plasticity-fracture map all with a single indent. A description of the test system and the indentation testing and evaluation of a hot-pressed SiC are presented.
Solitary wave propagation utillzing higher-order dispersive effects in optical fibers

Understanding electromagnetic wave interaction with nonlinear/dispersive media is of increasing importance in optical communication, optical computing, and optical switching. We devise a new expression starting from Maxwell’s equations using a perturbation technique. Previous work in optical fibers has centered on the so-called nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation,1 which requires anomalous dispersion [β(2) < 0].
The mathematics of mosaic analysis. I: The relationship between sturts and distance.

In mosaic fate mapping the fraction of mosaics in which two structures are of different genotype is calculated. This frequency of separation has been called a "distance" and the units of this distance are called "sturts". The fundamental assumption of fate mapping is that the frequency of separation increases continuously with the actual distance between the anlage for these structures on the blastoderm. This paper shows that the frequency of separation does not increase beyond a certain value.—For the current theory to work as proposed, each mosaic animal must be half mutant and half normal. This is rarely the case in collections of mosaics. It has been thought that if some flies are less than half mutant and others more than half, these two types would introduce compensating errors in mapping distance. We show that this is not true and describe the nature of the errors introduced. It is probable that these errors are the main reason that mapping distances reported from different sets of mosaics have not been reproducible. This paper presents methods for the proper handling of data from mosaics with different amounts of mutant tissue.—We prove here that for mosaics with an arbitrary fraction of mutant tissue (m), the largest frequency of separation that can occur is 2m. We prove that sturts underestimate actual distance on the blastoderm by a factor of r/m, where r is the radius of the mutant patch, and that sturts give no information on distances greater than 2r. This, and not double crossing over, is the reason for the nonadditivity of sturts and the shrinking of large distances in sturt measures. Sturtoids overestimate distances by a factor of 1/(2r) and also give no information on distances over 2r. This paper gives formulae for correctly estimating distance when using a collection of mosaics with varying amounts of mutant tissue. We also describe the nature of the errors introduced by convoluted or elongate mosaic boundaries and by multiple mosaic patches.
Multilocus genetic profiling to empower drug trials and predict brain atrophy.

Designers of clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are actively considering structural and functional neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid and genetic biomarkers to reduce the sample sizes needed to detect therapeutic effects. Genetic pre-selection, however, has been limited to Apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Recently discovered polymorphisms in the CLU, CR1 and PICALM genes are also moderate risk factors for AD; each affects lifetime AD risk by ~ 10–20%. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pre-selecting subjects based on these variants along with ApoE genotype would further boost clinical trial power, relative to considering ApoE alone, using an MRI-derived 2-year atrophy rate as our outcome measure. We ranked subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) based on their cumulative risk from these four genes. We obtained sample size estimates in cohorts enriched in subjects with greater aggregate genetic risk. Enriching for additional genetic biomarkers reduced the required sample sizes by up to 50%, for MCI trials. Thus, AD drug trial enrichment with multiple genotypes may have potential implications for the timeliness, cost, and power of trials.
Optical methods for thickness measurements on thin metal films.

The thickness and the dielectric constants of thin metal films on glass substrates are determined by two different methods. The first method is a combination of transmission and ellipsometer measurements (TELL method) and the second is based on attenuated total reflection (ATR method in the Kretschmann arrangement). For comparison, both methods are applied to gold films within a thickness range of 20–80 nm. Furthermore, the TELL method was applied to chromium films of thicknesses up to 150 nm. All experiments are done with a He–Ne laser at 633-nm wavelength.
Quality of Broiled Beef Patties Supplemented with Wheat Germ Protein Flour

Quality characteristics of ground beef patties, supplemented with hydrated wheat germ protein flour (WGPF) at levels 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0% were studied. Water-holding capacity decreased and pH increased with addition of WGPF. Water activity was not affected. Supplemented beef patties had lower cooking losses and changes in diameter and higher yields than control patties. Supplemented beef patties exhibited lower shear force and compression values than all-meat patties. No differences were found in wheat-like aroma and flavor. WGPF has potential for use as an extender in ground meat products.
The detection of bromine atoms by resonant multiphoton ionization

Abstract Br(4p 2 P 3/2 o ) and Br * (4p 2 P 1/2 o ) atoms have been detected by resonant (2 + 1) multiphoton ionization, using tunable laser radiation between 240 and 285 nm. The bromine atoms were generated by the photolysis of Br 2 . HBr, CH 3 Br and C 2 H 5 Br. A total of 21 atomic transitions were detected, and in addition several intense molecular bands of Br 2 , HBr and CH 3 Br were observed.
Cognitive Distortions and Suicide Attempts

Although theorists have posited that suicidal individuals are more likely than non-suicidal individuals to experience cognitive distortions, little empirical work has examined whether those who recently attempted suicide are more likely to engage in cognitive distortions than those who have not recently attempted suicide. In the present study, 111 participants who attempted suicide in the 30 days prior to participation and 57 psychiatric control participants completed measures of cognitive distortions, depression, and hopelessness. Findings support the hypothesis that individuals who recently attempted suicide are more likely than psychiatric controls to experience cognitive distortions, even when controlling for depression and hopelessness. Fortune telling was the only cognitive distortion uniquely associated with suicide attempt status. However, fortune telling was no longer significantly associated with suicide attempt status when controlling for hopelessness. Findings underscore the importance of directly targeting cognitive distortions when treating individuals at risk for suicide .