cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast 4D spectral-spatial electron paramagnetic resonance imaging for in vivo oxymetry

The present work describes our efforts thus far toward the acquisition of quantitative 3D oxygen concentration maps for tumor volumes using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). These maps are derived from 4D spectral-spatial images that show the spatially localized absorption spectra of an introduced molecular probe. The spectral linewidth for each spatial voxel is linearly related to the local oxygen concentration. Shown here are an image of a phantom and an in vivo image of a tumor implanted in the hind leg of a mouse. We aim to acquire the 4D data sets in 15 minutes and to produce images with sub-millimeter resolution and oxygen concentration sensitivity of several torr. Slices through the 4D spectral-spatial images are shown, as well as the respective linewidth maps given by spectral fitting. The spatial distribution and linewidths measured in the phantom image correlate well with a priori expectations. The mouse tumor image shows probe and linewidth distributions that are consistent with the mouse anatomy and physiology, including a sharp distinction between the bladder and leg/tumor signals. These results demonstrate the promise of EPRI for the measurement of in vivo oxygen concentration.
Controlling transient chaos to prevent species extinction

Recent work has suggested that species extinctions in ecological systems can occur as a consequence of deterministic transient chaos even in the absence of external disturbances. We argue and present a practical method to demonstrate that species extinctions due to transient chaos can be effectively prevented by applying small, ecologically feasible perturbations to the populations at appropriate but rare times. This may be of significant importance to the challenging environmental problems of species preservations. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Can patient characteristics predict benefit from epidural corticosteroid injections for lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms

Abstract Background context Epidural corticosteroid injections are commonly used to treat back and leg pain associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. However, little is known about which patient characteristics may predict favorable responses. Purpose The aim was to identify patient characteristics associated with benefits from epidural injections of corticosteroid with lidocaine versus epidural injections of lidocaine only for lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms. Study design/setting This was a secondary analysis of Lumbar Epidural steroid injections for Spinal Stenosis randomized controlled trial data from 16 US clinical sites. Patient sample Patients aged older than or equal to 50 years with moderate-to-severe leg pain and lumbar central spinal stenosis randomized to epidural injections of corticosteroids with lidocaine (n=200) or lidocaine only (n=200) were included. Outcome measures Primary outcomes were the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and 0 to 10 leg pain intensity ratings. Secondary outcomes included the Brief Pain Inventory Interference Scale and the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire. Methods At baseline, clinicians rated severity of patient spinal stenosis, and patients completed predictor and outcome measures. Patients completed outcome measures again 3 and 6 (primary end point) weeks after randomization/initial injection. Analysis of covariance was used with treatment by covariate interactions to identify baseline predictors of greater benefit from corticosteroid+lidocaine versus lidocaine alone. We also identified nonspecific (independent of treatment) predictors of outcomes. Results Among 21 candidate predictors and six outcomes, only one baseline variable predicted greater benefit from corticosteroid+lidocaine versus lidocaine only at 3 or 6 weeks. Compared with patients who rated their health-related quality of life as high on the EQ-5D Index, patients who rated it as poor had greater improvement with corticosteroid than with lidocaine only in leg pain at 6 (but not 3) weeks (interaction coefficient=2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.11–5.76; p=.04) and in RMDQ disability scores at 3 (but not 6) weeks (interaction coefficient=4.77, 95% CI=−0.04 to 9.59; p=.05). Several baseline patient characteristics predicted outcomes regardless of treatment assignment. Conclusions Among 21 baseline patient characteristics examined, none, including clinician-rated spinal stenosis severity, were consistent predictors of benefit from epidural injections of lidocaine+corticosteroid versus lidocaine only.
Phase I Trial of Intrathecal Liposomal Cytarabine in Children With Neoplastic Meningitis

Purpose We performed a phase I trial of intrathecal (IT) liposomal cytarabine (DepoCyt; Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Piscataway, NJ and SkyePharma Inc, San Diego, CA) to determine the maximum-tolerated dose, the dose-limiting toxicities, and the plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics of IT lipsomal cytarabine in children ≥ 3 years of age with advanced meningeal malignancies. Patients and Methods Eighteen assessable patients received IT liposomal cytarabine through either an indwelling ventricular access device or via lumbar puncture. Liposomal cytarabine was given once every 2 weeks during induction, once every 4 weeks during consolidation, and once every 8 weeks during the maintenance phase of treatment. The initial dose was 25 mg, with subsequent escalations to 35 and 50 mg. CSF pharmacokinetic samples were obtained in a subset of patients. Results Arachnoiditis, characterized by fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and back pain was noted in the first two patients at the 25 mg dose level. Therefore, subsequent patien...
Connecting With Your Students in the Year 2011: Text Messaging in the Classroom

Dr. Berry is an Associate Professor and the Professional Athletic Training Education Program Director at Saginaw Valley State University. Ellen Payne is a doctoral student and graduate assistant in the College of Education at the University of Nevada, Reno. Please address all correspondence to David C. Berry, PhD, ATC, Saginaw Valley State University, 7400 Bay Road, University Center, MI 48710
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis

Patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis are at risk for both thrombotic and bleeding complications. While the hemostatic defects have been extensively studied, less is known about thrombotic complications in this disease. This retrospective study examined the frequency of venous thromboembolism in 929 patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis presenting to a single referral center, correlated risk of venous thromboembolism with clinical and laboratory factors, and examined complications of anticoagulation in this population. Sixty-five patients (7%) were documented as having at least one venous thromboembolic event. Eighty percent of these patients had events within one year prior to or following diagnosis. Lower serum albumin was associated with increased risk of VTE, with a hazard ratio of 4.30 (CI 1.60-11.55; P=0.0038) for serum albumin less than 3 g/dL compared to serum albumin greater than 4 g/dL. Severe bleeding complications were observed in 5 out of 57 patients with venous thromboembolism undergoing treatment with anticoagulation. Prospective investigation should be undertaken to better risk stratify these patients and to determine the optimal strategies for prophylaxis against and management of venous thromboembolism.
Motivational Interviewing to Increase Cognitive Rehabilitation Adherence in Schizophrenia

Adherence to treatment in psychiatric populations is notoriously low. In this randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study, we sought to examine whether motivational interviewing (MI) could be used to enhance motivation for, adherence to, and benefit obtained from cognitive rehabilitation. Dual diagnosis MI, developed specifically for individuals with psychotic symptoms and disorganization, was further adapted to focus on cognitive impairments and their impact. Sixty-four outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders completed baseline assessments and were randomized to receive either the 2-session MI focused on cognitive functioning or a 2-session sham control interview focused on assessment and feedback about preferred learning styles. Next, all participants were given 4 weeks during which they could attend up to 10 sessions of a computer-based math training program, which served as a brief analog for a full course of cognitive rehabilitation. As hypothesized, MI condition was associated with greater increases in task-specific motivation along with greater training program session attendance. Moreover, postinterview motivation level predicted session attendance. There were no significant differences in improvement on a measure of cognitive training content, which may have been due to the abbreviated nature of the training. While the literature on the efficacy of MI for individuals with psychosis has been mixed, we speculate that our positive findings may have been influenced by the adaptations made to MI as well as the focus on a nonpharmacological intervention.
Catalyst Control of Site Selectivity in the PdII/IV-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Naphthalene

This letter describes a new method for the highly site- and chemoselective Pd-catalyzed direct arylation of naphthalene. Tuning the structure of the diimine-ligated Pd catalyst results in formation of the α-arylated product in high yield and >50:1 selectivity. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic evaluation of catalyst control in the C−H arylation of an unactivated aromatic substrate. Preliminary studies implicate an unusual mechanism involving sequential naphthalene π-coordination/metalation at PdIV.
Selling Democracy During the Second British Occupation of Iraq, 1941–5

Britain initiated an extensive pro-democracy propaganda campaign during its wartime occupation of Iraq from 1941–5. Organizations such as the Brotherhood of Freedom aimed to instil civic pride in d...
What Determines the Fermi Wave Vector of Composite Fermions

Composite fermions (CFs), exotic particles formed by pairing an even number of flux quanta to each electron, provide a fascinating description of phenomena exhibited by interacting two-dimensional electrons at high magnetic fields. At and near Landau level filling ν=1/2, CFs occupy a Fermi sea and exhibit commensurability effects when subjected to a periodic potential modulation. We observe a pronounced asymmetry in the magnetic field positions of the commensurability resistance minima of CFs with respect to the field at ν=1/2. This unexpected asymmetry is consistent with the CFs' Fermi wave vector being determined by the minority carriers in the lowest Landau level, and suggests a breaking of the particle-hole symmetry for CFs near ν=1/2.
High and moderate affinity pathways for alpha-thrombin-induced platelet activation.

Abstract.The interpretive review represents evidence for two pathways of α-thrombin-induced activation in human platelets and evaluates the possible roles of a functional thrombin receptor recently identified by expression cloning. [P.S.E.B.M. 1991, Vol 198]
Newborn screening for inherited metabolic diseases in Xiangshui County,Jiangsu Province,2002-2008

Objective To analyze the newborn screening status for inherited metabolic diseases.Methods Neonates delivered in hospitals of Xiangshui County were enrolled in this study.After adequate breastfeeding at 72 h after delivery,blood samples taking from the heels of newborn infants were collected and detected for congenital hypothyroidism(CH)and phenylketonuria(PKU).Results A total of 25 860 neonates were screened during 2002 and 2008,among which 17 were diagnosed with CH,and 3 PKU.The prevalences of CH and PKU were 0.66‰ and 0.12‰,respectively.Conclusion Newborn screening for inherited metabolic disease has been improved in Xiangshui County,indicating that strengthening of propaganda as well as quality inspection of newborn disease screening are effective.
Chronic central potassium infusion prevents deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension in rats

Although it has long been established that cerebrospinal fluid potassium concentration (CSF [K]) is very tightly regulated, it has been reported that rats made hypertensive by central infusions of ...
Prediction of in vivo red cell/plasma Li+ ratios by in vitro methods

Two incubation procedures were used for the determination, in vitro, of the steady-state Li+ ratio between red cells and external media. The Li+ ratio in vitro determined prior to Li+ therapy correlates significantly with the subsequent ratio in vivo between red cells and plasma in patients treated with Li+. The Li+ ratio determined in vitro in patients during Li+ therapy was significantly higher than the value determined during the pretreatment, drug-free period that correlated significantly with Li+ ratios in vivo. The in vitro procedure used thus could be applied in the prediction of the in vivo Li+ ratio, and possibly of the response to Li+, in patients before treatment is begun. It also could be used for studies on abnormalities and on the genetics of Li+ transport in affective illness.
Model for the origin of hydrophobic force

Many investigators have measured the surface force between hydrophobic surfaces in water and observed that there was an attractive force substantially stronger than the van der Waals attractive force. The excess force was appropriately referred to as “hydrophobic force,” for which many theories have been put forth by numerous investigators. In an earlier publication (Yoon and Ravishankar, 1996), it was suggested that the hydrophobic force may be due to the interaction between the large dipoles created by the surfactants adsorbing on solid surfaces in patches (or domains). In the present work, a mathematical model was developed to further elaborate the theory.
‘Y te sacarán los ojos…’: the defiance of reconstituted sight in dictatorship and post-dictatorship Spanish cinema

AbstractThis article focuses on the theme of reconstituted sight in Spanish films made at the end of the Franco dictatorship and under the subsequent democratic period as they echo the famous opening scene in Un chien andalou (1929) where Luis Bunuel sliced the eye of a woman with a razor. It revisits The Spirit of the Beehive (El espiritu de la colmena, Erice, 1973) and Raise Ravens (Cria cuervos, Saura, 1976) through the eyes of its two main characters named Ana and how they process the trauma of the violence removed from their sight through imagination and playacting. The Ana's imagined relationship to violence in both films will be extrapolated to horror films from the democratic period that deal with the defiance of sight in a direct way, Bigas Luna's Anguish (1987) and Alejandro Amenabar's Thesis (Tesis, 1996). What we could not see in the first two films (both a circumvention of and commentary on Francoist censorship) becomes hypervisible in these films, signaling a resistance to looking away and a...
Arago’s Mysterious Wheel

After a number of failed attempts, Faraday was able to generate electric currents from ordinary magnetism. His experimental procedure was explained at the outset of his first series of Experimental Researches in Electricity. In particular, Faraday discovered that an electrical current could be momentarily induced in a coil of copper wire (i) when an electrical current in a second, nearby coil, was changed abruptly, or (ii) when an iron rod, around which the coil had been wound, was abruptly magnetized or demagnetized. Faraday refers to these phenomena as volta-electric and magneto-electric induction, respectively, and he carefully articulated the direction of the induced electric currents.
Optimizing high-level nuclear waste disposal within a deep geologic repository

Many countries produce significant quantities of nuclear waste which will have to be permanently and safely placed in a repository. We develop a mixed integer program that determines where to place each waste package of a specific waste type in a given time period with the goal of minimizing heat load concentration within a repository. Operational constraints include: (1) heat load limitations, (2) location and time at which waste packages can be placed, and (3) the number of waste packages that must be placed based on type and time period. Although applicable to other settings, we use the Yucca Mountain repository in Nevada as a case study. Each of the three objectives used for minimizing heat load concentration improves upon existing greedy and sequential filling methods. Existing filling methods give at least a 17 % to an 873 % higher, i.e., worse, heat load concentration in the repository with respect to these objectives than do optimal methods. Enhancements, i.e., symmetry reduction constraints, perturbations, and heuristics, increase the size of solvable problem instances. This research can be applied to any deep geologic repository planned for operation around the world with slight modifications to incorporate site-specific objectives and constraints.
Correlating Median Nerve Cross-sectional Area With Nerve Conduction Studies

Purpose To determine whether there is a correlation between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve, as measured using ultrasound, and the distal motor and/or sensory latencies as measured on nerve conduction studies. Methods Patients with clinical signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome were prospectively enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent ultrasound measurement of the CSA of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet by a fellowship-trained hand surgeon, followed by nerve conduction studies (NCS) by a certified electrodiagnostic technician who was blinded to the results of the ultrasound examination. Pearson correlations were performed to compare CSA and NCS. Results Pearson correlation was r = 0.57 between CSA and distal motor latency and r = 0.47 between CSA and distal sensory latency. Correlation was r = 0.81 between distal motor latency and distal sensory latency. Conclusions There is a correlation between CSA of the median nerve and NCS. Further research is necessary to determine which test correlates better with patient symptoms and function. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Deployment Binge Drinking among Male and Female Army Active Duty Service Members Returning from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom

Abstract This study examines whether the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-deployment binge drinking is independent of screening positive for mental health problems among male and female service members. Data are from the Substance Use and Psychological Injury Combat Study of Army members returning from deployment to Afghanistan or Iraq in fiscal years 2008–2011. The sample consists of 240,694 male and 26,406 female active duty members who completed initial and follow-up questionnaires. The initial questionnaire, completed at the end of deployment, included screens for TBI and mental health problems (post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, harmful thoughts). The dependent variable, frequent binge drinking (six or more drinks on one occasion, at least monthly), was assessed on the follow-up questionnaire on average 3–9 months post-deployment. More than 21% of males and 7% of females reported frequent binge drinking. Male members were more likely to screen positive for TBI, comp...
Big Data in Market Research: Why More Data Does Not Automatically Mean Better Information

Big data will change market research at its core in the long term because consumption of products and media can be logged electronically more and more, making it measurable on a large scale. Unfortunately, big data datasets are rarely representative, even if they are huge. Smart algorithms are needed to achieve high precision and prediction quality for digital and non-representative approaches. Also, big data can only be processed with complex and therefore error-prone software, which leads to measurement errors that need to be corrected. Another challenge is posed by missing but critical variables. The amount of data can indeed be overwhelming, but it often lacks important information. The missing observations can only be filled in by using statistical data imputation. This requires an additional data source with the additional variables, for example a panel. Linear imputation is a statistical procedure that is anything but trivial. It is an instrument to “transport information,” and the higher the observed data correlates with the data to be imputed, the better it works. It makes structures visible even if the depth of the data is limited.
A Technique Based on Naming Patterns for Finding Candidates to Components from Source Code

Component identification is relevant in maintenance activities but can be hard in scenarios where the volume of source code is high and there is no architecture documentation. This work presents a technique for finding concepts as candidates of architectural components. The technique is based in the frequency of terms that follows naming patterns that are proposed in this work. Projects from Eclipse and Apache, were used for evaluating the technique. The results show terms which match with some popular component types and domain concepts of the software in treatment. The technique has used source code without any architectural documentation showing that could be applied in emergent architectures.
Nutritional and Metabolic Derangements in Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatic Resection

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The disease and its treatment can cause significant nutritional impairments that often adversely impact patient quality of life (QOL). The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions and, in the setting of cancer, both systems may be affected. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) manifests as weight loss and steatorrhea, while endocrine insufficiency may result in diabetes mellitus. Surgical resection, a central component of pancreatic cancer treatment, may induce or exacerbate these dysfunctions. Nutritional and metabolic dysfunctions in patients with pancreatic cancer lack characterization, and few guidelines exist for nutritional support in patients after surgical resection. We reviewed publications from the past two decades (1995–2016) addressing the nutritional and metabolic status of patients with pancreatic cancer, grouping them into status at the time of diagnosis, status at the time of resection, and status of nutritional support throughout the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Here, we summarize the results of these investigations and evaluate the effectiveness of various types of nutritional support in patients after pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We outline the following conservative perioperative strategies to optimize patient outcomes and guide the care of these patients: (1) patients with albumin 10% should postpone surgery and begin aggressive nutrition supplementation; (2) patients with albumin < 3 mg/dL or weight loss between 5% and 10% should have nutrition supplementation prior to surgery; (3) enteral nutrition (EN) should be preferred as a nutritional intervention over total parenteral nutrition (TPN) postoperatively; and, (4) a multidisciplinary approach should be used to allow for early detection of symptoms of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency alongside implementation of appropriate treatment to improve the patient’s quality of life.
Seismic performance of reinforced concrete filled steel tube drilled shafts with inground plastic hinges

Abstract The seismic performance of reinforced concrete-filled steel tube (RCFST) drilled shafts, also known as RCFST pile-columns, was examined based on experimental tests conducted on twelve half-scale RCFST specimens at the soil-structure interaction facility at the North Carolina State University, Constructed Facilities Laboratory (NCSU-CFL). The specimens consisted of steel tubes with diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratios ranging from 48 to 95 that were filled with reinforced concrete. Spirally welded steel tubes with outer diameters (D) of 12″ (305 mm) and 12–3/4″ (324 mm) were utilized. The specimens were tested with aboveground-to-diameter (La/D) ratios of 5.5 and 7.5, and they were embedded 14′ (4270 mm) into poorly graded sand (SP). Different levels of soil stiffness were induced in the sand by using a soil-sandwich approach, which allowed for modifying the soil stiffness profile by means of applying a surcharge on the soil surface. Cyclic lateral load was applied by a 100-kip (445 kN), 70-in. (1780 mm) stroke hydraulic actuator, supported on a braced steel frame, and pin-connected to the pile-column head ensuring that the plastic hinge developed below ground. The failure mechanism was controlled by the tensile strain in the steel tube and it was caused by a combination of tube local buckling and tube fracture. First, tube local buckling developed outward at the extreme compression fiber of the section. Tube fracture then occurred in the section with the largest buckle and it extended around about half of the section perimeter. The plastic hinge developed at depths of 2D to 4D. Onset of tube local buckling was observed at higher displacement ductility levels (µ = 3) for specimens using thicker tubes (D/t = 48) than for those using thinner tubes (D/t = 95). The force-displacement response, tensile strain distribution, and hysteretic equivalent viscous damping are discussed in this paper.
Improved LC/MS Methods for the Analysis of Metal-Sensitive Analytes Using Medronic Acid as a Mobile Phase Additive

Phosphorylated compounds and organic acids with multiple carboxylate groups are commonly observed to have poor peak shapes and signal in LC/MS experiments. The poor peak shape is caused by the presence of trace metals, particularly iron, contributed from a variety of sources within the chromatographic system. To ameliorate this problem, different solvent additives were investigated to reduce the amount of metal in the flow path to achieve better analytical performance for these metal-sensitive compounds. Here, we introduce the use of a solvent additive that can significantly improve the peak shapes and signal of metal-sensitive metabolites for LC/MS analysis. Moreover, the additive is shown to be amenable for other metal-sensitive applications, such as the analysis of phosphopeptides and polar phosphorylated pesticides, where the instruments could be used in either positive or negative analysis mode.
AN ADAPTIVE INTERNAL MODEL-BASED CONTROLLER FOR PERIODIC DISTURBANCE REJECTION

Abstract This paper details the design of an adaptive internal model-based controller to attenuate periodic disturbances in the presence of random noise. The internal model-based controller is designed in two steps, making use of the separation principle to design a controller with the desired properties that stabilizes the closed-loop system. Periodic disturbances appear as harmonics of a fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency of the disturbance is estimated with a magnitude/phase-locked loop and is used to adjust the parameters of the controller, specifically the natural frequency of the internal model and the feedback gain. An active noise control study shows the ability of the proposed method to cancel time varying disturbances in an acoustic system.
AxBA: an approximate bus architecture framework

Modern computing platforms expend significant amounts of time and energy in transmitting data across on-chip and off-chip interconnects. This challenge is exacerbated in prevalent data-intensive workloads such as machine learning, data analytics and search. However, these workloads also present a unique opportunity in the form of intrinsic resilience to approximations in computations and data. We explore approximate compression of communication traffic, which leverages this intrinsic resilience to improve communication bandwidth and reduce the energy consumed by interconnects. Specifically, we propose AxBA, an approximate bus architecture framework that is aware of the data amenable to approximations and seamlessly compresses/decompresses the corresponding transactions on the bus without requiring any changes to pre-designed masters and slaves. AxBA uses a lightweight compression scheme based on approximate deduplication, which is suitable for the tight latency constraints imposed by bus-based interconnects. To facilitate software development on AxBA-based systems, we introduce a software interface that enables programmers to identify regions of the system address space that are amenable to approximations. We also propose a run-time quality monitoring framework that automatically determines the error constraints for the identified regions such that a specified application-level quality is maintained. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concepts by realizing a prototype AxBA system on a Cyclone-IV FPGA development board using an Intel Nios II processor-based SoC. Across a suite of six machine learning benchmarks, AxBA obtains an average improvement in system performance of 29% and a 25% reduction in system-level energy for a 0.5% loss in application-level quality.
Drivers of community attachment: an interactive analysis

In this research, we will investigate several different approaches and methods to displaying multivariate data. Emphasis will be placed on end-user-customization tools and flexibility in dynamic and interactive displays. Specifically, we will highlight the use of motion charts using Markus Gesmann’s googleVis package in R. We will demonstrate the visualization of time-series data and also the results of multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis using this tool. The goals of these displays are ease of usability and interpretation, dynamic customization options, and the ability to display multivariate data in a meaningful way. In addition we will explore partial least squares path modeling using data collected from the Knight Foundation and Gallup during the years 2008–2010 to illustrate the attachment of people to their communities in a new and innovative way.
Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the First ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense -- MTD 2014. The static nature of current computing systems has made them easy to attack and harder to defend. Adversaries have an asymmetric advantage in that they have the time to study a system, identify its vulnerabilities, and choose the time and place of attack to gain the maximum benefit. The idea of moving target defense is to impose the same asymmetric disadvantage on the attacker by making systems dynamic and harder to predict. With a constantly changing system and its ever adapting attack surface, the attacker will have to deal with a great deal of uncertainty just like defenders do today. The ultimate goal is to level the cybersecurity playing field for defenders versus attackers. This workshop was created to bring together researchers from academia, government, and industry to report on the latest research efforts on MTD and related topics, and to have productive discussion and constructive debate on this topic.
Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Varices: Simultaneous Combination of Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy and Endoscopic Variceal Ligation

In combined therapy with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal ligation (EISL), the two procedures are performed simultaneously. At our hospital, EISL is performed as the first-line treatment for elective and prophylactic cases of esophageal varices. In this chapter, we introduce the EISL technique and clinical results.
Cocaine abuse and midbrain circuits: Functional anatomy of hypocretin/orexin transmission and therapeutic prospect

Cocaine abuse remains a pervasive public health problem, and treatments thus far have proven ineffective for long-term abstinence maintenance. Intensive research on the neurobiology underlying drug abuse has led to the consideration of many candidate transmitter systems to target for intervention. Among these, the hypocretin/orexin (hcrt/ox) neuropeptide system holds largely untapped yet clinically viable therapeutic potential. Hcrt/ox originates from the hypothalamus and projects widely across the mammalian central nervous system to produce neuroexcitatory actions via two excitatory G-protein coupled receptor subtypes. Functionally, hcrt/ox promotes arousal/wakefulness and facilitates energy homeostasis. In the early 2000s, hcrt/ox transmission was shown to underlie mating behavior in male rats suggesting a novel role in reward-seeking. Soon thereafter, hcrt/ox neurons were shown to respond to drug-associated stimuli, and hcrt/ox transmission was found to facilitate motivated responding for intravenous cocaine. Notably, blocking hcrt/ox transmission using systemic or site-directed pharmacological antagonists markedly reduced motivated drug-taking as well as drug-seeking in tests of relapse. This review will unfold the current state of knowledge implicating hcrt/ox receptor transmission in the context of cocaine abuse and provide detailed background on animal models and underlying midbrain circuits. Specifically, attention will be paid to the mesoaccumbens, tegmental, habenular, pallidal and preoptic circuits. The review will conclude with discussion of recent preclinical studies assessing utility of suvorexant - the first and only FDA-approved hcrt/ox receptor antagonist - against cocaine-associated behaviors.
Oxygen Saturation and Perfusion Index-Based Enhanced Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening.

Objective To determine if addition of perfusion index (PIx) to oxygen saturation (SpO2) screening improves detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) with systemic outflow obstruction. Study Design We determined screening thresholds for PIx and applied these to a cohort of newborns with and without congenital heart disease (CHD). Results A total of 123 normal and 21 CHD newborns (including five with critical systemic outflow obstruction) were enrolled. Four of these five critical systemic obstruction subjects passed SpO2-based screen. Four out of these five subjects failed PIx-based screen. The sensitivity for detection of systemic obstruction CCHD when compared with healthy infants increased from 20% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1–72%) with SpO2 screening alone to 80% (95% CI: 28–100%) with combined SpO2-PIx screen. However, 2.44% of normal infants failed PIx screen. Conclusion Addition of PIx to SpO2 screening may detect additional cases of CCHD and further research is necessary to come up with optimal screening thresholds.
High-Resolution Ocean Wave Estimation

Abstract : The goal of this effort is to develop and validate an algorithm to provide high-resolution estimates of the sea surface in the area around a fixed sensor system. The purpose of this development effort is to improve environmental situational awareness for open-ocean Naval operations. The objectives of this project are to develop and refine a sea-surface estimation algorithm based on the Vortwave model (Nwogu 2009), to apply the algorithm to synthetic data and to stationary tower- or ship-mounted marine radar systems to obtain high-resolution estimates of the ocean wave field, and to validate these estimates against available independent field observations.
Designing an Aesthetic Learner Experience: UX, Instructional Design, and Design Pedagogy.

In this design case, we describe a multi-year process during which a team of faculty designed a four-year undergraduate major in user experience (UX) design at a large research-intensive institution. We document the program- and course-level design experiences of five faculty members. This multi-year process has culminated in a dual-strand, integrated studio learning environment. Two types of studios—“learning” and “experience” studios—form the core of the program, with learning studios allowing cohort-specific skills development and practice, and experience studios providing cross-cohort opportunities to work on industry projects. We detail our process of developing this course sequence and the program-level connecting points among the courses, identifying institutional supports and barriers, the unique and varied skillsets of the involved faculty, and the growing agency and competence of our students in the program.
Successful Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fracture After Dysvascular Subcoracoid Humeral Head Dislocation: A Case Report.

Case We present the case of a 36-year-old patient with a 4-part proximal humerus fracture with subcoracoid dislocation and devascularization of the humeral head after a fall onto his right shoulder. Conclusion The patient was successfully treated with open reduction and locking plate fixation to demonstrate that a successful postoperative functional outcome with humeral head survival can be achieved in these complex situations.
Using NMR Spectroscopy To Measure Protein Binding Capacity on Gold Nanoparticles

A simple one-dimensional 1H NMR experiment that quantifies protein bound to gold nanoparticles has been developed for upper-division biochemistry and physical chemistry students. This laboratory experiment teaches the basics of NMR techniques, which is a highly effective tool in protein studies and supports students to understand the concepts of NMR spectroscopy and nanoparticle–protein interactions. Understanding the interactions of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with biological macromolecules is becoming increasingly important as interest in the clinical use of nanoparticles has been on the rise. Applications in drug delivery, biosensing, diagnostics, and enhanced imaging are all tangible possibilities with a better understanding of AuNP–protein interactions. The ability to use AuNPs as biosensors for drug delivery methods in cellular uptake is dependent on the amount of protein that is able to bind to the surface of the nanoparticle. This laboratory experiment solidifies concepts such as quantitative NMR spectroscopy while reinforcing precision laboratory titrations. Students learn how 1H proton NMR spectra can be used to measure free protein in solution and protein bound to AuNPs. A simple formula is used to determine the binding capacity of the nanoparticle. This analysis helps students to understand the impact of nanoparticle–protein interactions, and it allows them to conceptualize macromolecular binding using NMR spectroscopy.
INTERACTION OF WIRELESS HEADPHONES, SMARTWATCHES, AND WIFI ROUTERS WITH ICDS

ICD manuals advise patients to use caution when using wireless headphones, smartwatches, and WiFi routers because of the potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) which may trigger an inappropriate shock. We sought to determine if these consumer products indeed produce clinically relevant EMI
Endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a recurrent petrous apex cholesterol granuloma: Operative video.

Background Cholesterol granulomas (GC) of the petrous apex are benign cystic lesions that occur due to a foreign body reaction to blood by-products and cholesterol crystals. They cause erosion and expansion of the petrous apex and lead to cranial nerve deficits. Case description We present an operative video of a 28-year-old male whose work-up for horizontal diplopia revealed a right petrous apex GC. He originally underwent a subtemporal and later a transmastoid approach at outside institutions before he presented to us with diplopia due to recurrence. An endoscopic transsphenoidal transclival approach was done for drainage and resection of the GC. The patient did well and his diplopia resolved. A follow-up MRI showed no recurrence of the granuloma. Conclusion This case illustrates an endoscopic transsphenoidal transclival approach for a recurrent petrous apex CG, which may lead to symptom resolution if done in a timely fashion.
Head and Neck Injuries from Rock Climbing: A Query of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System:

Objective We describe the incidence and characteristics of patients with head and neck injuries from rock climbing who present to United States emergency departments and evaluate predictors of hospitalization. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for rock climbing injuries to the head, face, mouth, neck, and ear under product code "mountain climbing" from the years 2009 to 2018. Demographics, injury characteristics, and disposition data were reviewed. Data were evaluated using chi-square analysis with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszal odds ratios (ORs). Results An estimated 5067 patients (from 129 raw NEISS case numbers) suffered head and neck injuries from rock climbing nationally from 2009 to 2018. Concussion/closed head injury was the most common injury (44%), followed by laceration (23%), soft tissue injury (15%), neck strain/sprain (6%), skull fracture (3%), facial fracture (3%), intracranial hemorrhage (3%), cervical spine fracture (2%), unspecified facial trauma (1%), and dental trauma (0.3%). Males more frequently suffered lacerations (OR 1.6), soft tissue injuries (OR 23.3), cervical spine fractures (OR 336.7), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 582.0), and skull fractures (OR 6.2) than females. Compared to shorter falls, falls over 20 ft were more commonly associated with laceration (OR 2.0), soft tissue injury (OR 3.5), facial fracture (OR 7.5), dental trauma (OR 6.6), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 951.8), skull fracture (OR 81.2), and hospitalization (OR 3.8). Injuries associated with hospitalization included facial fracture (OR 23.7), cervical spine fracture (OR 24.6), intracranial hemorrhage (OR 2210.2), and skull fracture (OR 9.8). Conclusions Concussions and facial lacerations are the most common head and neck injuries from rock climbing. Males more commonly suffer severe injuries. Falls over 20 ft are associated with more severe injuries and an increased likelihood of hospitalization.
Wildfire-driven changes in hydrology mobilize arsenic and metals from legacy mine waste

Abstract Wildfires burning in watersheds that have been mined and since revegetated pose unique risks to downstream water supplies. A wildfire near Boulder, Colorado, that burned a forested watershed recovering from mining disturbance that occurred 80–160 years ago allowed us to 1) assess arsenic and metal contamination in streams draining the burned area for a five-year period after the wildfire and 2) determine the fire-affected hydrologic drivers that convey arsenic and metals to surface water. Most metal concentrations were low in the circumneutral waters draining the burned area. Water and sediment collected from streams downstream of the burned area had elevated arsenic concentrations during and after post-fire storms. Mining-related deposits were the main source of arsenic to streams. An increased proportion of overland flow relative to infiltration after the fire mobilized arsenic- and metal-rich surface deposits, along with wildfire ash and soil, into streams within and downstream of the burned area. The deposition of this material into stream channels resulted in the remobilization of arsenic for the five-year post-fire study period. It is also possible that enhanced subsurface flow after the fire increased contact of water with arsenic-bearing minerals exposed in underground mine workings. Other studies have reported that wildfire ash can be an important source of arsenic and metals to surface waters, but wildfire ash was not a major source of arsenic in this study. Predicted increases in frequency, size, and intensity of wildfires in the western U.S., a region with widely dispersed historical mines, suggest that the intersection of legacy mining and post-wildfire hydrologic response poses an increasing risk for water supplies.
Schematics of Special Devices Used in This Book

With one exception, circuit layout and parts placement are not critical for any of the circuits involved. The exception is that, when they are required in the circuit, the 0.01-μF ceramic power-supply decoupling capacitors must be placed between the power-supply connections and ground as close to each logic device and operational amplifier as possible. This will prevent noise transients and oscillations from occurring as a result of power-supply-wiring inductances. In addition, reasonable care should be taken to prevent internal ground loops in the devices. Power-supply requirements are fairly noncritical. The supplies should, however, be regulated and have current capacities on the order of about 100 mA for the + 15-V unit, and about 200 mA for the + 5-V unit. Inexpensive epoxy-encapsulated units such as Computer Products (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.) Models PM529 (for +5-V unit) and PM552 (for ± 15-V unit) can be used.
PathLookup: A Deep Learning-Based Framework to Assist Visually Impaired in Outdoor Wayfinding

Reading and following visual signs remains the predominant mechanism for navigation and receiving wayfinding information in areas without accurate GPS coverage. This puts people who are blind or visually impaired (BVI) at a great disadvantage. There still remains a great need to provide a low-cost, easy to use, and reliable auxiliary wayfinding system within indoor and outdoor spaces that complements existing satellite-based systems. Through both a user study and a quantitative study of GPS accuracies in outdoor environments, this paper highlights the need for auxiliary outdoor wayfinding tools for people with visual impairments. A deep learning-based image localization framework called PathLookup is proposed in this work for accurately providing path advancement information for outdoor wayfinding. Evaluation results show PathLookup to be highly accurate and fast potentially proving to be a valuable tool for future integration into outdoor wayfinding systems.
DStore: A Fast, Tailless, and Quiescent-Free Object Store for PMEM

The advent of fast, byte-addressable persistent memory (PMEM) has fueled a renaissance in re-evaluating storage system design. Unfortunately, prior work has been unable to provide both consistent and fast performance because they rely on traditional cached or uncached approaches to system design, compromising at least one of the requirements. This paper presents DStore, a fast, tailless, and quiescent-free object store for non-volatile memory. To fulfill all three requirements, we propose a novel two-level approach, called DIPPER, which fully decouples the volatile frontend and persistent backend by leveraging the byte addressability and performance of PMEM. The novelty of our approach is in allowing the frontend and backend to operate independently and in parallel without affecting crash consistency. This not only avoids the need to quiesce the system but also allows for increased concurrency in the frontend through the use of observational equivalency. Using this approach, DStore achieves optimal scalability and low latency without compromising on crash consistency. Evaluation on Intel's Optane DC Persistent Memory Module (DCPMM) demonstrates that DStore can simultaneously provide fast performance, uninterrupted service, and low tail latency. Moreover, DStore can deliver up to 6x lower tail latency service level objectives (SLO) and up to 5x higher throughput SLO compared to state-of-the-art PMEM optimized systems.
The most southwestern locality and confirmed presence of Carabus (Carabus) vinctus (Weber, 1801) in Louisiana

New collection efforts led to re-discovery of Carabus (Carabus) vinctus (Weber) in Louisiana after the first record in 1874. The presumed range of the species in Louisiana is confined to the bottomland forests of the Lake Pontchartrain hydrological system including the lower flows of incoming streams. New locality extends the range of the species in the Gulf States almost 100 miles to the west and represents the most southwestern point of the whole range. Morphologically specimens from Louisiana are close to the Alabama specimens and belong to the var. georgiae Csiki.
Center Effects: Counseling Center Variables as Predictors of Psychotherapy Outcomes:

Treatment context may have a unique impact on psychotherapy outcomes, above and beyond client, therapist, and therapy process variables. University counseling centers represent one such treatment c...