cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A computational analysis of poetic style Imagism and its influence on modern professional and amateur poetry

How do standards of poetic beauty change as a function of time and expertise? Here we use computational methods to compare the stylistic features of 359 English poems written by 19th century professional poets, Imagist poets, contemporary professional poets, and contemporary amateur poets. Building upon techniques designed to analyze style and sentiment in texts, we examine elements of poetic craft such as imagery, sound devices, emotive language, and diction. We find that contemporary professional poets use significantly more concrete words than 19th century poets, fewer emotional words, and more complex sound devices. These changes are consistent with the tenets of Imagism, an early 20thcentury literary movement. Further analyses show that contemporary amateur poems resemble 19th century professional poems more than contemporary professional poems on several dimensions. The stylistic similarities between contemporary amateur poems and 19th century professional poems suggest that elite standards of poetic beauty in the past “trickled down” to influence amateur works in the present. Our results highlight the influence of Imagism on the modern aesthetic and reveal the dynamics between “high” and “low” art. We suggest that computational linguistics may shed light on the forces and trends that shape poetic style.
Dynamic space-vector model of induction machines with stator inter-turn short-circuit fault

This paper presents a simple state-space representation of induction machine (IM) transients under stator winding inter-turn short-circuit fault. The mathematical development of this dynamic model is presented in detail and the differential equations are transformed into space-vector form for reduction reasons. The simulations of this transient model are conducted in MatLab script using ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver. For verification purposes, the results of this simulation are compared with the ones obtained for the symmetrical IM. A turn fault signature study is performed for fault detection and identification using the electromagnetic torque ripple and the symmetric components transformation of the stator currents.
Noncontact Paraphilic Sexual Offenses

This chapter will review the noncontact crimes of exhibitionism, voyeurism, possession of child pornography, and interacting with children over the Internet. Epidemiology, comorbidity, offender characteristics, risk of recidivism, relevant diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR and NB-DSM-5 including methods for making them, and relevant treatment modalities will be discussed. Diagnostic methods and issues are relevant to all of these disorders; so a brief discussion of methods and limitations of diagnosis relevant to all of these disorders will be made initially. Finally, conclusions and future directions will be given. It should be noted that while an attempt will be made to be thorough in literature selection, the broad scope of this chapter makes an exhaustive review, particularly of the psychometric properties of assessment and actuarial instruments, impossible. Literature will be confined to those aspects most salient to these noncontact offenses.
Multiple harmonic conversion of pulsed CO2 laser radiation in Tl3AsSe3

The nonlinear material Tl3AsSe3 is used to convert pulsed 9.6 μm CO2 laser radiation into its second, third, fourth and fifth harmonic. Internal (external) conversion efficiencies of 28, 14(6.7), 3.6(3.1), and 0.5(0.3)% from the pump fundamental are achieved in 4.8, 3.2, 2.4, and 1.9 μm generation respectively.
Tests of a Theory of Human Image Understanding: Part II. The Perception of Degraded Objects:

Two experiments tested the predictions of a recent theory of object recognition (Recognition-By-Components or RBC). The first experiment supports RBC's predictions that recognition is accomplished by ascertaining the object's 3D components in their specified relations by utilizing certain nonaccidental 2D image properties. When object components were rendered nonrecoverable by deleting their nonaccidental properties recognition in an object naming task was interfered with more than when an equal amount of contour was deleted without erasing such properties. The second experiment supported RBC's assumption that vertices constitute one of these important nonaccidental properties. In a naming task objects were recognized more accurately when contour was deleted from midsegment than when an equal amount was deleted from the objects vertices.
Field Experiments with Sterile Males for Eradication of the Boll Weevil

From June 17 through August 26, 1964, 11 weekly releases of apholate-sterilized male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were made in 9 cottonfields, (15.8 acres) that had been treated with insecticides the fall of 1963 to reduce the population of diapausing weevils. These weekly releases ranged from 3270 to 26,620 sterile weevils per acre (an average of 8200 per acre). Migrant weevils entering the release zone from other areas may have caused the program to achieve population suppression rather than eradication, though the release zone was surrounded by a 120-acre zone that had received the same fall treatment and was treated intensively with insecticides in 1964 and by another 115-acre buffer zone that was treated with insecticides in 1964. However, the apholate sterilized only an average 95.8% of the weevils and caused a substantial reduction in mating competitiveness. The release of the sterile males against the low-level population achieved by the 1963 fall applications reduced the number of oviposition-punctured squares compared with the number in the other 2 zones. Also the percentage of infertile eggs, the numbers of live immature and adult weevils per acre in fruit, the numbers of adults on plants and in hibernation sites, the numbers of overwintered adults, and the levels of infestation during the 2nd year or season after the releases were terminated were considerably lower in the release zone than in the zone treated intensively with insecticides.
Further Support for a Placebo Effect in the Rat

The effects of prior administration of d-Amphetamine sulfate on activity of the rat were studied. The results confirm a placebo effect.
O-035 quantitative assessment of changes in parent vessel and distal intracranial hemodynamics following pipeline flow diversion

Introduction/purpose Flow-diverting Pipeline stents are commonly used for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms but can be associated with delayed ipsilateral intracerebral hemorrhage. Although intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic changes have been studied, parent vessel and intracranial hemodynamics after Pipeline stenting are unknown. Here, we examine the impact of Pipeline stenting on parent artery and distal intracranial hemodynamics. Materials and methods Records of patients with internal carotid cerebral aneurysms treated with Pipeline stenting at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if flows were obtained after stenting using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. Flow volume rate and mean, systolic, and diastolic flow velocities were measured in the internal carotid artery (ICA, cervical segment) and middle cerebral artery (MCA, M1 segment). Pulsatility index [(systolic - diastolic flow velocity)/mean flow velocity], resistance index [(systolic - diastolic flow velocity)/systolic flow velocity], and wall shear stress (WSS) were calculated for each vessel. Means were compared between ipsilateral and contralateral ICA and MCA using two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results Nine patients were included, mean age 51 years. All aneurysms were located in the cavernous or paraclinoid segments of the ICA. Within the parent vessel, mean flow velocity (18.1 vs. 23.4 cm/s, P = 0 .04) and diastolic velocity (15.4 vs. 20.2 cm/s, P = 0 .04) were significantly lower than in the contralateral ICA, and systolic velocity was also lower (20.8 vs. 26.9 cm/s, P = 0 .06) but not as significantly (Figure 1A). These lower flow velocities were accompanied by higher, although non-significant, pulsatility (0.31 vs. 0.29, P = 0 .93) and resistance indices (0.26 vs. 0.25, P = 0 .87) and slightly lower flow (248.1 vs. 277.6 mL/min, P = 0 .61) in the parent vessel. In the ipsilateral MCA, however, pulsatility (0.19 vs. 0.30, P = 0 .06) and resistance indices (0.17 vs. 0.25, P = 0 .04) were significantly lower, and flow higher (152.1 vs. 135.6 mL/min, P = 0 .17), than in the contralateral MCA (Figure 1B). These lower resistances were accompanied by a higher trend in ipsilateral versus contralateral MCA mean flow velocity (29.9 vs. 26.8 cm/s, P = 0 .37), systolic velocity (32.9 vs. 31.3 cm/s, P = 0 .86), diastolic velocity (27.3 vs. 23.5 cm/s, P = 0 .17), and WSS (26.8 vs. 23.9 dynes/cm 2 , P = 0 .44). Conclusion After Pipeline stenting, there appears to be alteration in the elasticity of the stented ICA segment, with significantly lower flow velocities in the ipsilateral versus contralateral ICA. Conversely, there was an increase in flow velocities and WSS and significantly lower resistance in the ipsilateral MCA, suggesting the possible role of altered distal hemodynamics in delayed ipsilateral hemorrhages. Disclosures S. Shakur: None. V. Aletich: None. S. Amin-Hanjani: None. F. Charbel: None. A. Alaraj: None.
Texture development and slip systems in bridgmanite and bridgmanite + ferropericlase aggregates

Bridgmanite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O are the most abundant phases in the lower mantle and localized regions of the D″ layer just above the core mantle boundary. Seismic anisotropy is observed near subduction zones at the top of the lower mantle and in the D″ region. One source of anisotropy is dislocation glide and associated texture (crystallographic preferred orientation) development. Thus, in order to interpret seismic anisotropy, it is important to understand texture development and slip system activities in bridgmanite and bridgmanite + ferropericlase aggregates. Here we report on in situ texture development in bridgmanite and bridgmanite + ferropericlase aggregates deformed in the diamond anvil cell up to 61 GPa. When bridgmanite is synthesized from enstatite, it exhibits a strong (4.2 m.r.d.) 001 transformation texture due to a structural relationship with the precursor enstatite phase. When bridgmanite + ferropericlase are synthesized from olivine or ringwoodite, bridgmanite exhibits a relatively weak 100 transformation texture (1.2 and 1.6 m.r.d., respectively). This is likely due to minimization of elastic strain energy as a result of Young’s modulus anisotropy. In bridgmanite, 001 deformation textures are observed at pressures <55 GPa. The 001 texture is likely due to slip on (001) planes in the [100], [010] and $$\left\langle {110} \right\rangle$$ directions. Stress relaxation by laser annealing to 1500–1600 K does not result in a change in this texture type. However, at pressures >55 GPa a change in texture to a 100 maximum is observed, consistent with slip on the (100) plane. Ferropericlase, when deformed with bridgmanite, does not develop a coherent texture. This is likely due to strain heterogeneity within the softer ferropericlase grains. Thus, it is plausible that ferropericlase is not a significant source of anisotropy in the lower mantle.
Analysis of Single-Vesicle Exocytotic Events Recorded by Amperometry

Analysis of the shape of the amperometric spikes that originate from the oxidation of monoamine molecules released during the fusion of individual secretory vesicles provides valuable data about molecular steps involved in stimulation-dependent transmitter release. The sensitivity of amperometry permits the detection of the monoamines released from individual vesicles, giving information about intracellular transmitter homeostasis (synthesis, degradation, reuptake, etc.) and about the release probability (vesicle availability and sensitivity of fusion machinery to Ca(+2)). Furthermore, temporal resolution of amperometry allows for the observation of the real-time kinetics of monoamine release during exocytosis. Here, we provide algorithms for computerized analysis of the amperometric signal with emphasis on routines that confer consistent determination of spike parameters on recordings with different sampling rates, signal-to-noise levels, spike durations, and surrounding signal.
Chronic kidney disease in North Carolina.

N C Med J May/June 2008, Volume 69, Number 3 n the middle of the last century, chronic diseases overtook communicable diseases as the leading causes of death in the United States. Public health campaigns and the scientific community have responded and developed national strategies to prevent and cure diseases including cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and hypertension. While the morbidity and mortality resulting from these diseases warrant this attention, other equally serious chronic diseases unfortunately receive less attention. One of these conditions is chronic kidney disease (CKD). Death from kidney failure, the most severe form of CKD, is more common than many of the most prevalent forms of cancer. (See Figure 1.) Chronic kidney disease encompasses various levels of kidney damage ranging from a relatively asymptomatic decline in kidney function to kidney failure. Chronic kidney disease, in all its stages, is estimated to affect 13% of the United States population. In North Carolina alone, almost 1 million people have CKD not including those with kidney failure. Despite the large number of people living with CKD, there is an overall lack of knowledge about the disease even among people who have it. Nationally, only about 25% of Americans diagnosed with CKD reported awareness of weak or failing kidneys. Among the general population, there is even less awareness. Preliminary data from a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) Kidney Center study shows that many people are unfamiliar with the risk factors for CKD. The combination of high disease burden and low public awareness warranted an in-depth study of how North Carolina can best act to lower the CKD disease burden in the future. In 2006 the North Carolina General Assembly asked the North Carolina Institute of Medicine to convene a task force to study chronic kidney disease (Session Law 2006-248). The task force was funded by the state of North Carolina through its annual appropriation to the North Carolina Institute of Medicine. Marcus Plescia, MD, MPH, chief of the Chronic
Assembling Counter-Majorities: Mark Twain’s Democratic Mugwumpery

In this essay, I read Mark Twain as a practitioner of what Deleuze and Guattari call an “active micropolitics,” focusing especially on his depictions of race and racism. In his popular stories, essays, speeches, and autobiography, Twain gave voice not only to marginal and underprivileged characters, but also to minoritarian, changeable sentiments circulating among popular majorities. Moreover, he suggested these sentiments might comprise not only actual counter-majorities, but also potential counter-majorities, linking personal complexity to democratic potential. I argue that despite his appreciation for the inertia of popular prejudice, Twain’s appeals to minoritarian sentiments, and the popularity thereof, testify against Tocqueville’s fatalism concerning majority opinion in general, and white supremacism in particular.
Alterations in Cellular Functions in Adenovirus-Infected and Transformed Cells

Infection of mammalian cells by human adenoviruses induces dramatic alterations in the cells’ abilities to continue their normal business. Indeed, adenoviruses were first recognised by their ability to kill cells which supported the efficient replication of the virus (1, 2). Such cell death is the culmination of several processes which redirect the host cells’ biosynthetic apparatus. Thus, when adenoviruses infect rapidly-dividing, fully permissive cells, they induce rapid and complete inhibition of synthesis of both cellular DNA and cellular proteins. At first sight, such redirection of cellular functions appears of obvious advantage to the virus: the relevant cellular machinery becomes devoted to the production of the components which will form progeny virions, the raison d’etre of the infectious cycle. The complete cessation of cellular DNA or protein synthesis and the vast quantities of viral macromolecules produced attest to the efficiency of the molecular mechanisms by which the virus carries out such usurption. It is, therefore, quite surprising that as little as 10% of the newly made viral material is assembled into virions (see ref. 3 for a review).
A Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Framework for Improving Academic and Postsecondary Outcomes of Students with Moderate or Severe Intellectual Disability.

The needs of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with moderate or severe intellectual disability (ID) are quite unique and complex. CLD students with moderate or severe ID face many of the same issues as their non-disabled CLD peers; however, due to the nature of their disability this may lead to even less access to the general curriculum, appropriate services, materials, and meaningful collaboration between families and educators. The purpose of this article is to provide a culturally responsive framework for facilitating academic instruction for CLD students with moderate or severe ID that also includes appropriate supports in an effort to increase access to postsecondary outcomes for this population. Suggestions for accessing the general curriculum and a discussion about increasing parental involvement and accessing appropriate adult agencies to further enhance these outcomes are provided.
Deep Sub-Wavelength Plasmonic Lasers

We show that a hybrid of semiconductor nanowire and metallic surface modes produces an efficient laser device with ?2/100 mode area and discuss the broader impact of plasmon-based light sources and integrated optical components.
Task-Based Modeling of a 5k Ultra-High-Resolution Medical Imaging System for Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

High-resolution, low-noise X-ray detectors based on CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) technology have demonstrated superior imaging performance for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). This paper presents a task-based model for a high-resolution medical imaging system to evaluate its ability to detect simulated microcalcifications and masses as lesions for breast cancer. A 3-D cascaded system analysis for a 50- $\mu \text{m}$ pixel pitch CMOS APS X-ray detector was integrated with an object task function, a medical imaging display model, and the human eye contrast sensitivity function to calculate the detectability index and area under the ROC curve (AUC). It was demonstrated that the display pixel pitch and zoom factor should be optimized to improve the AUC for detecting small microcalcifications. In addition, detector electronic noise of smaller than 300 e− and a high display maximum luminance (>1000 cd/cm $^{2})$ are desirable to distinguish microcalcifications of $150~\mu \text{m}$ in size. For low contrast mass detection, a medical imaging display with a minimum of 12-bit gray levels is recommended to realize accurate luminance levels. A wide projection angle range of greater than ±30° in combination with the image gray level magnification could improve the mass detectability especially when the anatomical background noise is high. On the other hand, a narrower projection angle range below ±20° can improve the small, high contrast object detection. Due to the low mass contrast and luminance, the ambient luminance should be controlled below 5 cd/ $\text{m}^{2}$ . Task-based modeling provides important firsthand imaging performance of the high-resolution CMOS-based medical imaging system that is still at early stage development for DBT. The modeling results could guide the prototype design and clinical studies in the future.
Sexuality at the northern border of early African American print culture

Abstract This essay attributes an 1815 condemnation of fornication, published in Vermont, to Lemuel Haynes (1753-1833). Redressing a deficit of scholarly attention to sexuality in early African American print culture, it contextualizes Haynes's document within a spectrum of similar texts, and notes the variety of print culture instruments available to early African American authors, including anonymous publication, financial subscription, and publishing under a white author's name.
Syntheses of Radical Polymers

What forms, follows functions; however, even the best of intentions can only be realized if and only if a successful formation (i.e., synthesis) of the targeted material can be achieved. Thus, a discussion of the viable and facile synthetic routes for the formation of the desired radical polymers is itself an important field of research. This is because one needs to understand and contain the reactivity of the pendant radical units [1]. Ambient stable radicals can be, and often are, reactive towards various chemical species including other radicals [2]. For instance, radical polymerizations of radical-containing stable monomers may not be a viable approach for the synthesis of radical polymers due to their reactivity. Thus, the choice of polymerization and the associated choice of monomer units are crucial in design and formation of any given radical polymer or polyradical (Fig. 2.1).
Polydipsia on Fixed and Variable Time Schedules as a Function of Signal Condition in the Rat

The present study examined the influence of a signal for pellet delivery on the development and maintenance of polydipsia on fixed and variable time schedules. It was found that animals receiving a signal for pellet delivery developed polydipsia more quickly and had higher intake levels than animals not receiving such a signal on both schedules. These data support predictions derivable from the application of Pavlovian conditioning principles to the schedule-induced polydipsia phenomena.
Estimating the diagnosed, treated, and eligible population

One of the most important activities for completing a budget-impact analysis is understanding the population dynamics in order to estimate the size of the population eligible for the new drug. Determining those who are eligible for the new drug in the jurisdiction(s) of interest is a key determinant of the changes in costs and outcomes that may occur from the budget holder’s perspective. The credibility of the analysis will depend on the model correctly identifying those eligible for the new drug based on the treatment pathway in each jurisdiction. In this chapter, we present methods for estimating the size of the eligible incident and prevalent populations, including changes in the size and condition severity mix of these populations over the analysis time horizon. Issues around patient subgroups and catch-up are also presented.
Optimization of a β-Lactam Scaffold for Antibacterial Activity via the Inhibition of Bacterial Type I Signal Peptidase.

β-Lactam antibiotics, one of the most important class of human therapeutics, act via the inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The unparalleled success in their development has inspired efforts to develop them as inhibitors of other targets. Bacterial type I signal peptidase is evolutionarily related to the PBPs, but the stereochemistry of its substrates and its catalytic mechanism suggest that β-lactams with the 5S stereochemistry, as opposed to the 5R stereochemistry of the traditional β-lactams, would be required for inhibition. We report the synthesis and evaluation of a variety of 5S penem derivatives and identify several with promising activity against both a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen. To our knowledge these are the first 5S β-lactams to possess significant antibacterial activity and the first β-lactams imparted with antibacterial activity via optimization of the inhibition of a target other than a PBP. Along with the privileged status of their scaffold and the...
Asleep Deep Brain Stimulation Reduces Incidence of Intracranial Air during Electrode Implantation.

Background: Asleep deep brain stimulation (aDBS) implantation replaces microelectrode recording for image-guided implantation, shortening the operative time and reducing cerebrospinal fluid egress. This may decrease pneumocephalus, thus decreasing brain shift during implantation. Objective: To compare the incidence and volume of pneumocephalus during awake (wkDBS) and aDBS procedures. Methods: A retrospective review of bilateral DBS cases performed at Oregon Health & Science University from 2009 to 2017 was undertaken. Postimplantation imaging was reviewed to determine the presence and volume of intracranial air and measure cortical brain shift. Results: Among 371 patients, pneumocephalus was noted in 66% of wkDBS and 15.6% of aDBS. The average volume of air was significantly higher in wkDBS than aDBS (8.0 vs. 1.8 mL). Volumes of air greater than 7 mL, which have previously been linked to brain shift, occurred significantly more frequently in wkDBS than aDBS (34 vs 5.6%). wkDBS resulted in significantly larger cortical brain shifts (5.8 vs. 1.2 mm). Conclusions: We show that aDBS reduces the incidence of intracranial air, larger air volumes, and cortical brain shift. Large volumes of intracranial air have been correlated to shifting of brain structures during DBS procedures, a variable that could impact accuracy of electrode placement.
Live Cell Imaging of RhoGTPase Biosensors in Tumor Cells

Tumor cell motility and invasion rely on actin cytoskeleton rearrangements mediated by the activation of RhoGTPase signaling pathways. Invadopodia are membrane-degrading protrusions that mediate extracellular matrix degradation. Here, we provide procedures for imaging RhoGTPase biosensors in tumor cells during the formation of invadopodia and matrix degradation.
Bacteria and heterotrophic microflagellate production in the Santa Rosa Sound, Florida

Bacterial and microflagellate biomass and production and grazing onbacteria were compared weekly at a fixed station in Santa Rosa Sound,Florida, starting in February and ending in October. For bothpopulations the weekly variation in biomass and production was aslarge as the seasonal variation. Cycles for biomass and production ofthese organisms were generally out of phase, rendering it difficultto estimate the net grazing of bacteria by microflagellates atindividual time points. For evaluation of factors that control thefate of carbon cycled by bacterial, experiments were conducted toexamine bacterial growth rates in the absence of predators. Thisexamination resulted in low bacterial growth rates when biomass washigh, and rapid growth rates typically occurred near minimumpopulations. Further analysis suggested that microflagellatepredation was greater than bacterial production during minimumbacterial growth rates. With integration of production and grazingrates over the study period, factors controlling bacterial growthwere examined. Using this approach, 71% of the bacterial productionwas grazed by < 8.0µm predators. The microflagellate biomassproduction was 41% of the grazing rate on bacteria. The total amountof bacterial production assimilated into microflagellate biomass was29%. However, based on the variations in biomass and activity of themicrobial assemblages, it appears that substrate and predation exertalternating control on bacterial abundance and production.
Perioperative Management of Patients on Anticoagulant Medications: General Principles in Medicine and Surgery

Patients on oral anticoagulation (OAC) requiring an invasive procedure or surgery may require interruptions to their anticoagulation regimen depending on patient- and procedure-specific factors. The risks of both thromboembolism and procedural-related bleeding need to be considered as well as provider and patient preferences. Though some dental procedures allow for continuation of OAC, other procedures may require that their anticoagulation regimen be continued at a minimized intensity, held, or switched to a temporary “bridging” agent. A plan specific to each event requires coordination with the patient, the provider overseeing the patient’s anticoagulation regimen (e.g., primary care provider, cardiologist, or other specialist) and the provider performing the surgery or invasive procedure. This chapter will focus on the periprocedural management of anticoagulants.
The entopeduncular nucleus drives lateral habenula responses to negative but not positive or neutral affective stimuli

Lateral habenula (LHb) neurons are activated by negative motivational stimuli and play key roles in the pathophysiology of depression. Early reports indicated the possibility that rostral entopeduncular nucleus (rEPN) neurons drive these LHb responses, but this influence remains untested. We find that both rEPN and LHb neurons in rats exhibit similar activation/inhibition patterns after negative/positive motivational stimuli, but that the rEPN influence on LHb firing is surprisingly selective. Temporary rEPN inactivation decreases LHb basal and burst firing, and eliminates LHb responses to footshock-predictive cues occurring 40-100ms but not 10-30ms post-stimulus, nor on responses to positive/neutral motivational stimuli. Additionally, rEPN inactivation partially but not fully reduces LHb responses to signaled footshocks, while excitotoxic rEPN lesions only partially diminish footshock-induced cFos in the LHb and its rostromedial tegmental nucleus targets. Together, our findings indicate an important but selective role of the rEPN in driving LHb responses to motivational stimuli.
Synthetic GNSS spoofing data generation using field recorded signals

Abstract With the increase in GNSS user base, the studies of threats and vulnerabilities of GNSS system are also increased. Among the threats, spoofing is of particular interest because of the risk associated with it. The studies on spoofing are generally limited to simulated scenarios as the real world spoofing attack is very difficult to create or spot and record for analysis. This paper presents a method of generating baseband spoofing data using real world signals by simultaneous recordings of GNSS signals using two separate receivers, where one of them simulates the receiver under attack and the other simulates the response the spoofer will be going to produce to fabricate the attack. After taking the records and merging them to create the spoofing baseband signals, it is checked against several spoofing detection methods to verify the valid spoofing attack being present in the signal. This method produces the signal recordings that have real world disturbances in it that may be difficult to simulate. The developed method has the following advantages: • It does not require very expensive hardware to produce an intermediate spoofing signal. • The user has control over the spoofing power advantage. • The same scenario can be reproduced with varying parameters.
Potential role of CSF cytokine profiles in discriminating infectious from non-infectious CNS disorders.

Current laboratory testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not consistently discriminate between different central nervous system (CNS) disease states. Rapidly distinguishing CNS infections from other brain and spinal cord disorders that share a similar clinical presentation is critical. New approaches focusing on aspects of disease biology, such as immune response profiles that can have stimulus-specific attributes, may be helpful. We undertook this preliminary proof-of-concept study using multiplex ELISA to measure CSF cytokine levels in various CNS disorders (infections, autoimmune/demyelinating diseases, lymphomas, and gliomas) to determine the potential utility of cytokine patterns in differentiating CNS infections from other CNS diseases. Both agglomerative hierarchical clustering and mixture discriminant analyses revealed grouping of CNS disease types based on cytokine expression. To further investigate the ability of CSF cytokine levels to distinguish various CNS disease states, non-parametric statistical analysis was performed. Mann-Whitney test analysis demonstrated that CNS infections are characterized by significantly higher CSF lP-10/CXCL10 levels than the pooled non-infectious CNS disorders (p = 0.0001). Within the infection group, elevated levels of MDC/CCL22 distinguished non-viral from viral infections (p = 0.0048). Each disease group of the non-infectious CNS disorders independently showed IP-10/CXCL10 levels that are significantly lower than the infection group [(autoimmune /demyelinating disorders (p = 0.0005), lymphomas (p = 0.0487), gliomas (p = 0.0294), and controls (p = 0.0001)]. Additionally, of the non-infectious diseases, gliomas can be distinguished from lymphomas by higher levels of GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.0476), IL-7 (p = 0.0119), and IL-8 (p = 0.0460). Gliomas can also be distinguished from autoimmune/demyelinating disorders by higher levels of GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.0044), IL-7 (p = 0.0035) and IL-8 (p = 0.0176). Elevated CSF levels of PDGF-AA distinguish lymphomas from autoimmune/demyelinating cases (p = 0.0130). Interrogation of the above comparisons using receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) values (ranging from 0.8636–1.0) that signify good to excellent utility as potential diagnostic discriminators. In conclusion, our work indicates that upon formal validation, measurement of CSF cytokine levels may have clinical utility in both identifying a CNS disorder as infectious in etiology and, furthermore, in distinguishing viral from non-viral CNS infections.
The Decoy Effect.

Biologic medications have revolutionized the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, many patients prefer oral medications over biologics, which are administered via injection, despite ...
Bimodal Nanofiber and Microfiber Nonwovens by Melt-Blowing Immiscible Ternary Polymer Blends

Most nonwoven fiber mats are produced with a uniform, narrow fiber diameter distribution. However, building evidence suggests that a bimodal diameter distribution (i.e., comprised of two populations of fibers, one with a smaller average diameter (dₐᵥ), d, and the other with a larger dₐᵥ, D, where D ≥ 5d), has certain advantages in applications such as filtration media. To the best of our knowledge, all previous reports describing production of bimodal fiber diameter distributions have relied on solution-based electrospinning, a much less common fiber-spinning technique, compared to melt blowing, which currently produces more than 10% of nonwovens globally (an approximately $50 billion market). In this study, we demonstrate a facile method for producing bimodal fiber diameter distributions by melt blowing immiscible ternary polymer blends, with the two minority blend components being randomly dispersed as isolated, bimodally sized particles within the continuous matrix. Such a ternary blend can be obtained by selecting a matrix phase that preferentially wets/encapsulates both dispersed phases having vastly different viscosity ratios. Specifically, two model immiscible ternary blends comprised of polystyrene/polyethylene/Nylon-6 (PS/PE/Nylon) and poly(ethylene oxide)/polyethylene/Nylon-6 (PEO/PE/Nylon) with the desired morphologies and PS or PEO as the matrix were examined. During melt blowing of the blends, the PE minority domains (∼8 μm in diameter) and Nylon minority domains (∼70 μm in diameter) dispersed within the matrix were transformed to PE nanofibers (dₐᵥ ≈ 560 nm) and Nylon microfibers (dₐᵥ ≈ 8 μm) embedded in the elongated PS matrix fibers, and similarly for fibers made with a PEO matrix. Subsequent removal of the matrix polymer with an appropriate solvent (tetrahydrofuran for PS or water for PEO) produced a macroscopic mat of randomly distributed, bimodal nanofibers and microfibers. The nanofiber and microfiber compositions of the bimodal-diameter fiber mats were effectively tuned by varying the composition of the minority components of the original ternary polymer blends. Interestingly, the resulting bimodal-diameter fiber mats possessed few nanofiber bundles; we hypothesize that this is due to the presence of Nylon microfibers that are intrinsically intermixed among the PE nanofibers that physically restrict the formation of nanofiber bundles. Overall, this versatile method could provide a high-throughput route to scalable quantities of fiber mats with a bimodal distribution of fiber diameters, thus promoting the application of hierarchically structured nonwovens.
Probiotic Use in Gastrointestinal Conditions: An Overview of Efficacy and Evidence

Probiotics are collections of live bacteria that are meant to be ingested for beneficial purposes. Many different preparations are widely available over-the-counter and used to improve or stabilize gastrointestinal flora. Studies have shown promise for probiotic use in a number of gastrointestinal diseases, treating medication side effects, and in healthy individuals with minor GI upset. Investigators continue to evaluate the effects the gastrointestinal microbiome has on homeostasis and methods by which probiotics may beneficially influence the microbiome. Long term efficacy, choice of species, dosage, and concentration of available preparations also remain areas of evolving study. This article will discuss probiotic regulation and formulations, review current understanding of mechanisms of action, and summarize recent study data in regards to clinically relevant GI disorders.
The Measures of Success: Tracking the Career Paths of a Leadership Program’s Participants

This article examines career trajectories for participants in the Association of Research Libraries Leadership Fellows Program (ARLLFP). Data from the program’s inception in 2004 through 2019 are e...
Digital Subtraction Air Arthrography: An Innovative Technique for Needle Tip Location Confirmation.

Abstract Purpose This article describes an innovative technique to confirm needle tip positioning using digital subtraction fluoroscopy and air within a targeted joint. Materials and Methods Digital subtraction fluoroscopy with air was utilized to confirm intra-articular needle tip position in 12 joints over a 14-month period at a single institution. Procedural details were recorded for each joint including: joint location, fluoroscopy time, patient age, patient body mass index, and change in subjective pain rating following the injection. Shoulder and hip phantoms were utilized to compare radiation dose differences between fluoroscopy with digital subtraction technique and fluoroscopy without digital subtraction technique. Results All of the 12 injections were technically successful with air clearly visualized within each targeted joint and subjective pain ratings either did not change or decreased following the injection. Patient age ranged from 51 to 87 years old and body mass index values ranged from 19.2 to 37.1 kg/m2. Fluoroscopy times ranged from 11.1 to 32.9 seconds. There were no complications during or immediately following the injections. The addition of digital subtraction technique increased the skin dose at the shoulder by approximately 2.6 times and at the hip by approximately 2.2 times. Likewise, the cumulative dose at the shoulder increased by approximately 2.7 times and at the hip by 2.0 times. Conclusion Fluoroscopic digital subtraction air arthrography is a valuable option for needle tip confirmation when using air as a contrast agent. This novel combination of established fluoroscopic techniques can be incorporated into most clinical practices.
A rapid, point of care red blood cell agglutination assay for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the world to a halt, with cases observed around the globe causing significant mortality. There is an urgent need for serological tests to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which could be used to assess the prevalence of infection, as well as ascertain individuals who may be protected from future infection. Current serological tests developed for SARS-CoV-2 rely on traditional technologies such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow assays, which may lack scalability to meet the demand of hundreds of millions of antibody tests in the coming year. Herein, we present an alternative method of antibody testing that just depends on one protein reagent being added to patient serum/plasma or whole blood and a short five-minute assay time. A novel fusion protein was designed that binds red blood cells (RBC) via a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against the H antigen and displays the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the surface of RBCs. Upon mixing of the fusion protein, RBD-scFv with recovered COVID-19 patient serum and RBCs, we observed agglutination of RBCs, indicating the patient developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Given that the test uses methods routinely used in hospital clinical labs across the world, we anticipate the test can be rapidly deployed with only the protein reagent required at projected manufacturing cost at U.S. cents per test. We anticipate our agglutination assay may find extensive use in low-resource settings for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Delayed Acute Myocardial Infarction Presentation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The rate of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction has declined. Recent publications raised concerns over the reduction in cardiac catheterization laboratory activation for ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We present 2 recent cases of ventricular septal rupture in patients who presented to our institution with delayed STEMI. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
Running ahead of Pandemics: Achieving In-Advance Antiviral Drugs

Three months into the COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the world is still in search of an effective therapeutic drug Exp
Upgrade rate of intraductal papilloma diagnosed on core needle biopsy in a single institution.

Abstract The management of intraductal papilloma (IDP) diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) is controversial due to the variable upgrade rates to breast carcinoma (BC) on subsequent surgical excision reported in the literature. The purpose of our study was to investigate the upgrade rate of IDP diagnosed on CNB to BC in subsequent surgical excision and the impact of clinical, pathologic, and radiologic variables. This is a retrospective cohort of all women who had a diagnosis of IDP on a CNB between 2005 and 2018 in a tertiary academic center with subsequent surgical excision. Upgrade was defined as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma on surgical excision. Statistical analyses included Pearson's chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and logistic regression. A total of 216 women with IDP in a CNB were included. Nineteen patients (8.8%) upgraded to BC in the overall cohort, including 14 DCIS and 5 invasive carcinomas. An upgrade rate of 27% was found in atypical IDP (14 of 51 cases), while only 3% of pure IDP upgraded to BC (5 of 165 cases). Older age (>53 years) at the time of biopsy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.09, p = 0.027) and concomitant atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (OR = 9.69, 95% CI = 3.37–27.81, p
Comparison and interpretability of machine learning models to predict severity of chest injury.

Objective Trauma quality improvement programs and registries improve care and outcomes for injured patients. Designated trauma centers calculate injury scores using dedicated trauma registrars; however, many injuries arrive at nontrauma centers, leaving a substantial amount of data uncaptured. We propose automated methods to identify severe chest injury using machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) methods from the electronic health record (EHR) for quality reporting. Materials and methods A level I trauma center was queried for patients presenting after injury between 2014 and 2018. Prediction modeling was performed to classify severe chest injury using a reference dataset labeled by certified registrars. Clinical documents from trauma encounters were processed into concept unique identifiers for inputs to ML models: logistic regression with elastic net (EN) regularization, extreme gradient boosted (XGB) machines, and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The optimal model was identified by examining predictive and face validity metrics using global explanations. Results Of 8952 encounters, 542 (6.1%) had a severe chest injury. CNN and EN had the highest discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 and calibration slopes between 0.88 and 0.97. CNN had better performance across risk thresholds with fewer discordant cases. Examination of global explanations demonstrated the CNN model had better face validity, with top features including "contusion of lung" and "hemopneumothorax." Discussion The CNN model featured optimal discrimination, calibration, and clinically relevant features selected. Conclusion NLP and ML methods to populate trauma registries for quality analyses are feasible.
Harnessing the heterogeneity of aging

Genetic variation does not entirely address the consistent divergence of healthy and unhealthy aging in heterogeneous and homogeneous mammalian populations. The alteration of gene function through modification of histone DNA infrastructure is a logical extending explanation for this divergence. Since epigenetic alterations are reversible, therapeutic interventions that target the right gene or gene products could reverse aging, at the very least in the population of older people with poor health. Keywords: Heterogeneity of aging, epigenetic alterations, reversing aging
Notice 2020-47, 2020-2021 Priority Guidance Plan Submission

This lengthy submission includes recommendations in a number of international tax areas for regulation changes, improvements, and modernization. It includes for a number of areas suggested regulatory language that could be considered. Much of the submission concerns sourcing and effectively connected income rules. It also covers the existence of unanticipated partnerships among an MNC's group members that conduct joint business activities. Regarding subpart F, it makes suggestions concerning the manufacturing branch rule. Finally, it includes suggestions regarding the manner in which tax treaties should or should not apply to certain hybrid entities.
Temperature Relaxation in Strongly-Coupled Binary Ionic Mixtures

Relaxation in non-ideal plasmas is a complex process that involves expansions/contractions, thermal conduction, thermalization and temperature equilibration. Unfortunately, very little is known experimentally about these processes because of the challenges associated with isolating them individually. As such, we rely heavily on unvalidated theoretical models. This knowledge gap is particularly large for the very challenging case of ionic relaxation. Current improvements in experimental techniques now allow for the creation of ultracold binary mixtures for the investigation of equilibrium relaxation phenomena dominated by ion-ion collisions. These experiments, when complemented by large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, promise to provide detailed data on these processes. We have modeled a binary relaxing ultracold neutral plasma with MD, motivated by experiments at Brigham Young University, and compared the results to the most common theoretical models. None of the temperature relaxation rates from current theoretical models is within an order of magnitude of the MD simulations, suggesting serious gaps in our knowledge of ionic relaxation. We argue that such disagreement is due to dynamical correlations neglected by the currently available theoretical models 1 , 2 .
A Wall in the Woods: Note on the Recently Discovered Site at Kreung Jeureungeh, North Aceh

This short note presents a preliminary report on a recently discovered site in North Aceh. It presents some initial information and illustrations of an usual stone formation, and communicates some potential readings of it drawing on perspectives from geography, vulcanology, and the broader archaeological and historical contexts of northern Sumatra.