cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Illustration of Cross-Spectral Analysis in Marketing:

Cross-spectral analysis has been used to study time-varying behavior in many fields; this article explains this new method of analysis and illustrates its use in marketing. Some problems encountered in using cross-spectral analysis are examined, and the usefulness of the technique in marketing is briefly discussed.
Preparing Student Nurses as Parent‐based Adolescent Sexual Health Educators: Results of a Pilot Study

Objectives While health promotion and patient education are central to the scope of practice of professional nurses, they often feel ill-equipped to assume the role of sexual health educator and lack adequate knowledge and skills to effectively engage parents in adolescent sexual and reproductive health efforts. Design and Sample Employing a mixed-methods study consisting of both pre- and post-test survey and exit interviews, a pilot study was conducted to assess the impact of implementing a parent-based adolescent sexual health intervention on baccalaureate nursing student outcomes (N = 31). Results We found statistically significant improvements in student outcome expectancies of parenting strategies, barriers to sexual health communication, self-efficacy, and sexual health counseling experience. Using thematic content analysis of exit interview content, emerging themes were (1) need for increased sexual and reproductive health (SRH) preparation, (2) wanting greater experience and opportunity for involvement in nursing research, and (3) educational gaps in family-focused community public health. Conclusions Incorporating adolescent sexual health education into public health nursing clinical training can prepare nurses as parent-based adolescent sexual health educators, a core competency for nurses working with families in communities and across all health care delivery settings.
Receptivity of shear layers to acoustic disturbances

An analysis is presented for the generation of shear-layer instability waves by acoustic sources close to and far from the trailing edge. The frequency is assumed low enough that the shear layer can be represented by a vortex sheet, and the solution is developed using the WienerHopf technique. Actuators (sources) on both surfaces of the splitter plate, and in the quiescent fluid just outside the shear layer, are considered. Results are presented for both subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers. Actuators on the stream side of the splitter place are found to be more effective in generating shear-layer instability waves than actuators on the side adjacent to the quiescent fluid. The receptivity is highest for actuators located very near the trailing edge. For upstream actuators located on or near the splitter plate surface, the receptivity level decreases algebraically with distance from the trailing edge. In contrast, for actuators located just outside the shear layer downstream of the trailing edge, the receptivity level decreases exponentially with distance from the trailing edge.
Oxidation of cholesterol by rat liver mitochondria: effect of dietary fat.

Rats were maintained on normal diets or on diets containing 20 per cent of corn oil (unsaturated, iodine number 127) or commercial shortening (saturated, iodine number 73) for 40 days. The liver mitochondria of the rats fed saturated fat oxidized cholesterol-26-C14 to C1402, to a much greater extent than did liver mitochondria from rata fed unsaturated fat. In general, liver mitochondria from control rats also oxidized more cholesterol-26-C14 than did mitochondria from rats fed unsaturated fat, but this difference was not nearly as consistent (7 of 12 experiments). These results were the same with rats of either sex. Oxidation of sodium pyruvate-2-C14 did not vary with diet. The results could not be attributed to differences in liver lipid or cholesterol content. It has been shown that the homologous combination of liver mitochondria and boiled supernatant from the livers of the unsaturated-fat-fed rats greatly impairs cholesterol oxidation. Addition of boiled supernatant from the other dietary groups to liver mitochondria from the rats fed unsaturated fat restores the cholesterol oxidation to normal levels as does substitution of a 10 per cent sucrose solution for the boiled supernatant. Addition of the boiled liver supernatant from the animals fed unsaturated fat to liver mitochondria from the normal or saturated-fat-fed rats has no appreciable inhibitory effect.
The Use of Wireless Module in Icing System

nRF905 is a single-chip radio transceiver provided by Nordlic company in Norway,it has the advantages of low power consumption,simple control,automatic CRC and preamble generation.In the special environment of the data monitoring and control applications,wireless data transmission has been widely used.In this paper,the nrf905-based wireless data communication system that applied in the icing system is designed.
An Investigation of the Weapon Focus Effect and the Confidence–Accuracy Relationship for Eyewitness Identification

Eyewitness memory can be negatively influenced by the presence of a weapon during a crime. We investigated the potential impact of weapon presence on the confidence–accuracy relationship. Additionally, we tested a concealed weapon condition, as it is common for criminals to verbally threaten a victim with a weapon, despite not showing one during a crime. In support of the weapon focus effect (WFE), correct identifications were lower, and false identifications were higher, for participants who saw the weapon. The concealed weapon did not create a WFE, even though the perpetrator attempted to draw attention to the gun in his pocket, and participants reported that he had a gun. Calibration analyses revealed that weapon presence, whether visible or concealed, did not negatively impact the confidence–accuracy relationship. In fact, participants were best calibrated when the weapon was clearly visible. We discuss implications of these findings for police and the criminal justice system.
Paper 1: The Realism of Vehicle Impact Testing

Clearly it is easier and more convenient to test a vehicle's crash characteristics against a static or mobile barrier than against another car. However, it does not always yield the same results and a number of tests, discussed here, had the aim of correlating results from the various types of test. On the whole front and rear impacts can be simulated by static barriers but side impacts are much more difficult.
Histological Diagnosis by Peroral Biopsy of Crohn’s Disease of the Proximal Intestine

Two patients with regional enteritis (Crohn’s disease) of the proximal small intestine are described in whom the diagnosis was verified histologically with peroral biopsies of the duodenum.
Body of Knowledge (1995)

Recognizing dilemmas posed by the body-mind duality in schools and the prioritizing of the cognitive over the physical even by other theorists in arts education, the author makes a case for how one’s somatic self (the self which lives experience) is deeply connected to thought, including that in educational research. The paper explores how choreography can be both a metaphor and model for academic research, using examples drawn from the author’s teaching of an introductory research course to MFA students in dance. Academic researchers and choreographers engage in similar tasks, including selection of an idea they find compelling, generating or collecting material relevant to it, paying attention to the material and selecting that which seems most significant, finding relationships among the different pieces, pondering what they mean, and making something which can communicate with others. Even theory building and editing are shown to have a bodily component. Using sensory language throughout, the author concludes with a hope that such language might make scholarly work more accessible and move readers beyond theory toward action.
Epilogue The Tower

For Yeats the Tower is a symbol of the conscious soul struggling toward the difficult achievement of wisdom. Indeed, it becomes an image sometimes for the essential loneliness of human life in our age of the ‘consciousness soul’: the sage or poet in his necessary isolation, at midnight burning his solitary light while his creations move through the world with a freedom he himself lacks, perhaps mocking him slightly as do Aherne and Robartes in ‘The Phases of the Moon’. Milton’s Platonist lives on here, and in the painting of Samuel Palmer to which Yeats refers. But we must now pose a last question. Is it really the visionary knowledge Milton attributed to his lonely sage which still feeds the modern sensibility of a Yeats? The former brooded on ‘thrice great Hermes’ and summoned: The spirit of Plato to unfold What Worlds, or what vast Regions hold Th’ immortal mind that hath forsook Her mansion in this fleshly nook.
An RNA-binding protein, RNP-1, protects microtubules from nocodazole and localizes to the leading edge during cytokinesis and cell migration in Dictyostelium cells.

RNA-binding proteins are a large group of regulators (800–1000 in humans), some of which play significant roles in mRNA local translation. In this study, we analyzed the functions of the protein RNP-1, which was previously discovered in a genetic selection screen for nocodazole suppression. The growth rates and the microtubule networks of Dictyostelium cells were assessed with or without nocodazole (10 μmol/L) in suspension culture. Fluorescent images of RNP-1-GFP and RFP-tubulin were captured when cells were undergoing cytokinesis, then the GFP signal intensity and distance to the nearest centrosome were analyzed by using a computer program written in Matlab®. The RNP-1-GFP-expresseding cells were polarized, and the time-lapse images of cells were captured when cells were chemotaxing to a cAMP source. Over-expression of RNP-1 rescued the growth defects caused by the microtubule-destabilizing agent nocodazole. Over-expression of RNP-1 protected microtubules from nocodazole treatment. In cells undergoing cytokinesis, the RNP-1 protein was localized to the polar regions of the cell cortex, and protein levels decreased proportionally as the power of the distance from the cell cortex to the nearest centrosome. In chemotactic cells, the RNP-1 protein localized to the leading edge of moving cells. Sequence analysis revealed that RNP-1 has two RNA-binding domains and is related to cytosolic poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPCs) in humans. RNP-1 has roles in protecting microtubules and in directing cortical movement during cytokinesis and cell migration in Dictyostelium cells. The sequence similarity of RNP-1 to human PABPCs suggests that PABPCs may have similar functions in mammalian cells, perhaps in regulating microtubule dynamics and functions during cortical movement in cytokinesis and cell migration.
Future Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Development on Methylmercury Exposures of Canadian Indigenous Communities

Developing Canadian hydroelectric resources is a key component of North American plans for meeting future energy demands. Microbial production of the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) is stimulated in newly flooded soils by degradation of labile organic carbon and associated changes in geochemical conditions. We find all 22 Canadian hydroelectric facilities being considered for near-term development are located within 100 km of indigenous communities. For a facility in Labrador, Canada (Muskrat Falls) with planned completion in 2017, we probabilistically modeled peak MeHg enrichment relative to measured baseline conditions in the river to be impounded, downstream estuary, locally harvested fish, birds and seals, and three Inuit communities. Results show a projected 10-fold increase in riverine MeHg levels and a 2.6-fold increase in estuarine surface waters. MeHg concentrations in locally caught species increase 1.3 to 10-fold depending on time spent foraging in different environments. Mean Inuit MeHg exposure is forecasted to double following flooding and over half of the women of childbearing age and young children in the most northern community are projected to exceed the U.S. EPA's reference dose. Equal or greater aqueous MeHg concentrations relative to Muskrat Falls are forecasted for 11 sites across Canada, suggesting the need for mitigation measures prior to flooding.
Language of choice: On embedding choice-related semantics in a realizable protocol

Choice-based future Internet architectures, in which choice is offered for fine-grained network services to different traffic flows, have been proposed in the literature. Such choice-based architectures have been envisioned in literature as realizing an economy of networking services that can give rise to a beneficial ecosystem of providers and consumers over time. Such an architecture would use an economy plane to allow service providers and customers to exchange information about available service alternatives, complete purchase and payment interactions, and use purchased services. While samples of such semantics have been proposed in these previous works, embedding them in specific realizations by defining messages to be exchanged and their syntax is a separate challenge, in which the needs for efficiency, ease of implementation, and extensibility, all need to be balanced. In this paper, we present the design of a possible embedding of the entities, and a functionally complete set of interactions, comprising a choice-based architecture. Further, to show the practical realizability of this embedding, we report on a prototype built on the GENI environment, and our experience in confronting real-world design issues. The prototype showcases new service models for value-added transport in such an architecture.
Deliberations of a precision medicine tumor board.

e13005Background: While precision medicine shows increasing promise in oncology, substantial uncertainty surrounds the interpretation of genomic information and assigning clinical value. We examine...
A brief assessment of capacity to consent instrument in acutely intoxicated emergency department patients

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine to what extent acute alcohol intoxication effects capacity to assent, consent, or refuse research participation. Methods This was a prospective, observation study performed at our inner city, county hospital with > 100,000 annual emergency department visits. Non-pregnant, English speaking patients older than 18 with evidence of acute alcohol intoxication were considered eligible. After medical screening, a trained research associate presented the study version of the University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC) tool. The primary outcome was the number of patients able to correctly respond to all 10 questions. Results Of 642 screened patients, 415 patients were enrolled and completed the tool. The mean alcohol concentration was 227 mg/dL (range 25–500 mg/dL). Sixteen patients (3.9%) answered all 10 questions correctly; by definition of the UBACC, these patients were deemed to possess capacity to consent. Mean alcohol concentrations in the capacity group were lower than in those lacking capacity; 182 mg/dL (SD 6.7) versus 229 mg/dL, (SD 7.9). Of the 287 patients who were interviewed upon sobriety at discharge, 182 patients (63.4%) did not recall completing the questionnaire. Conclusions While intoxicated emergency department patients are able to complete the questionnaire, the majority do not possess capacity to provide informed consent to research. A minority of participants remember involvement once they have achieved sobriety, exception from informed consent protocols are needed to perform emergency research in this population.
Safety Factors in Bioelectric Impedance Measurements

In the early days of our profession most of the people working in biomedical instrumentation were highly trained scientists familiar with the hazards involved. Today, however, with the large amount of electronic equipment in hospitals, much of it is by necessity operated by personnel who are trained in other specialties and do not realize some of the inherent dangers that are possible through misuse or thoughtless operation of electronic equipment. Most modern electronic equipment is perfectly safe when used as intended; however, it may become lethal in combination with other “safe” equipment, or when misused.
On the Field Structure of Metabolic Space-Time

The history of the physical sciences is replete with instances, where analogy has been a key element in the construction of theories of natural phenomena. This is manifestly evident in contemporary physics, as we draw ever closer to a “world view” which attempts to unify space-time-matter at all levels—from the microcosm to the macrocosm. Indeed, out of analogy has flowed unity.
Proving the impossible is impossible is possible: disproofs based on hereditary partitions

A novel technique, called hereditary partitions, is Introduced. It permits the rigorous proof that, in a given axiomatization, certain states can never be reached. The technique is implemented in a computer program, DISPROVER, and is applied to robot worlds. DISPROVER cooperates with a path-finding program when the latter encounters difficulties.
Accounting for performance decrements in crew time calculations for space missions

Equivalent System Mass (ESM) is a metric used in Advanced Life Support (ALS) studies to evaluate and compare life support system technologies. Previous crew time ESM calculations considered only the amount of crew time required to perform a particular task without any interventions (stress events), i.e., they calculated static crew time. However, variations in time spent on operating and maintaining a life support system may occur due to performance fluctuations of the crew caused by a range of stress events experienced. Simulated crew performance calculations appear to suggest that crew time varies based on how each crewmember deals with stress events. Assigning a variable that accounts for such variation in crew time can be used in the crew selection process and for crew management strategies to better deal with inevitable stress events.
Cholangiocyte Cilia and Basal Bodies

Primary cilia are nonmotile, tubular organelles extending from the cell plasma membrane. They are important in maintaining normal cell physiology and in many clinical disorders (i.e., cilia-related diseases or ciliopathies) associated with abnormalities in ciliary structure and/or function.
Time Required to Achieve Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Substantial Clinical Benefit After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Background:Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) defines the minimum degree of quantifiable outcome improvement that a patient perceives as the result of an intervention or in the process ...
Abstract 02: BCL-W significantly contributes to B-cell lymphoma survival and development

The ability of cells to undergo apoptosis in response to cellular stresses functions as a safeguard against tumorigenesis. Consequently, compromised apoptotic signaling must precede tumor development. To design effective therapies for cancer treatment, the underlying mechanisms that govern cell survival need to be understood. The anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family are key regulators of cell survival and are frequently overexpressed in malignancies, leading to increased cancer cell survival. Bcl-w, the closest anti-apoptotic relative to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, is essential for spermatogenesis, but was considered dispensable for other cell types. However, we recently uncovered a significant role for Bcl-w in B-cell survival and lymphomagenesis. Specifically, loss of Bcl-w conferred sensitivity to growth factor deprivation-induced B-cell apoptosis. In addition, apoptosis triggered by hyperproliferative signals from the Myc oncogene was accentuated by loss of Bcl-w. Consequences of elevated apoptosis were observed in vivo, as Bcl-w loss profoundly delayed Myc-mediated B-cell lymphoma development. We also determined Myc regulates Bcl-w expression through its transcriptional regulation of the miR-15 family. Importantly, evaluation of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) patient samples revealed BCL-W overexpression was highly selected for, and that targeting BCL-W using multiple methods induced apoptosis of BL cells. In addition, overexpression of BCL-W in BL cell lines conferred resistance to the BH3-mimetics ABT-737 and ABT-263 that inhibit anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Furthermore, BCL-W was overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and correlated with decreased patient survival. Analysis of multiple data sets of other aggressive and indolent B-cell lymphomas showed that BCL-W was frequently overexpressed in them as well. Collectively, our data indicate that BCL-W is an understudied contributor to B-cell lymphoma development and survival that appears to be as important as BCL-2 to B-cell lymphomas. In addition, BCL-W is a predictive biomarker that could improve prognostication and the development of more effective treatment strategies for B-cell lymphomas. Citation Format: Clare M. Adams, Ramkrishna Mitra, Jerald Z. Gong, Annette S. Kim, John K. Choi, Christine M. Eischen. BCL-W significantly contributes to B-cell lymphoma survival and development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; May 6-9, 2017; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(24_Suppl):Abstract nr 02.
Prior Sexual Relationship, Gender and Sexual Attitudes Affect the Believability of a Hypothetical Sexual Assault Vignette

This study investigated the effects of contextual and individual difference features on perceptions of believability of a hypothetical sexual assault victim’s report. Undergraduates read a vignette describing an alleged sexual assault in which the victim was either poor or wealthy and rated the woman’s believability. In both socioeconomic status conditions, participants then learned that the victim and perpetrator had a previous, consensual sexual relationship and consumed alcohol at the time of the assault and provided a second and third believability rating. Believability ratings decreased as additional information was provided. Men, participants with greater rape myth acceptance, and men with lower levels of rape empathy rated the victim’s believability as significantly lower than women, participants with less rape myth acceptance, and men with higher rape empathy. Based on study findings, we provide recommendations for college campuses and law enforcement groups working with sexual assault victims.
RNA sequencing-based analysis of the laying hen uterus revealed the novel genes and biological pathways involved in the eggshell biomineralization

Eggshell is the outermost calcified covering of an egg that protects it from microbial invasion and physical damage, and is critical for egg quality. However, understanding of the genes/proteins and the biological pathways regulating the eggshell formation is still obscure. We hypothesized that the transcriptomic analysis of the chicken uteri using RNA-sequencing may reveal novel genes and biological pathways involved in the eggshell biomineralization. RNA-sequence analysis using uteri of laying hens at 15–20 h post-ovulation (layers, n = 3) and non-laying (non-layers, n = 3) hens was carried out. About 229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated in the layers compared to the non-layers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed more than ten novel genes and biological pathways related to calcium transport and mineralization in the uterus. Based on the enriched pathways and molecular function analysis, 12 DEGs related to eggshell mineralization were further analyzed in the uteri of layers (3 h and 15–20 h post-ovulation), non-layers and molters using qPCR. Expressions of OC-116 (regulator of mineralization), OTOP2 (modulator of cellular calcium influx), CALCB (intracellular release of Ca-ions), STC2 (increases alkaline phosphatase activity), and ATP2C2 (cellular import of Ca-ions) were significantly higher in the uteri of laying hen at 15–20 h post-ovulation. This study identified the involvement of novel genes and their proposed biological pathways in the regulation of eggshell formation.
Mechanisms and moderators in mindfulness‐ and acceptance‐based treatments for binge eating spectrum disorders: A systematic review

Objective Increasing evidence suggests that mindfulness- and acceptance-based psychotherapies (MABTs) for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) may be efficacious; however, little is known about their active treatment components or for whom they may be most effective. Methods We systematically identified clinical trials testing MABTs for BN or BED through PsychINFO and Google Scholar. Publications were categorized according to analyses of mechanisms of action and moderators of treatment outcome. Results Thirty-nine publications met inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven included analyses of therapeutic mechanisms, and five examined moderators of treatment outcome. Changes were largely consistent with hypothesized mechanisms of MABTs, but substandard mediation analyses, inconsistent measurement tools, and infrequent use of mid-treatment assessment points limited our ability to make strong inferences. Discussion Analyses of mechanisms of action and moderators of outcome in MABTs for BN and BED appear promising, but the use of more sophisticated statistical analyses and adequate replication is necessary.
Short-term cellular memory tunes the signaling responses of the chemokine receptor CXCR4

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates fundamental processes in development, normal physiology, and diseases, including cancer. Small subpopulations of CXCR4-positive cells drive the local invasion and dissemination of malignant cells during metastasis, emphasizing the need to understand the mechanisms controlling responses at the single-cell level to receptor activation by the chemokine ligand CXCL12. Using single-cell imaging, we discovered that short-term cellular memory of changes in environmental conditions tuned CXCR4 signaling to Akt and ERK, two kinases activated by this receptor. Conditioning cells with growth stimuli before CXCL12 exposure increased the number of cells that initiated CXCR4 signaling and the amplitude of Akt and ERK activation. Data-driven, single-cell computational modeling revealed that growth factor conditioning modulated CXCR4-dependent activation of Akt and ERK by decreasing extrinsic noise (preexisting cell-to-cell differences in kinase activity) in PI3K and mTORC1. Modeling established mTORC1 as critical for tuning single-cell responses to CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. Our single-cell model predicted how combinations of extrinsic noise in PI3K, Ras, and mTORC1 superimposed on different driver mutations in the ERK and/or Akt pathways to bias CXCR4 signaling. Computational experiments correctly predicted that selected kinase inhibitors used for cancer therapy shifted subsets of cells to states that were more permissive to CXCR4 activation, suggesting that such drugs may inadvertently potentiate pro-metastatic CXCR4 signaling. Our work establishes how changing environmental inputs modulate CXCR4 signaling in single cells and provides a framework to optimize the development and use of drugs targeting this signaling pathway.
Protein kinase A facilitates relaxation of mouse ileum via phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

Background and purpose The enteric neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) regulates gastrointestinal motility by relaxing smooth muscle. Pharmacological cAMP induction also relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but it is uncertain whether cAMP augments or suppresses enteric NO signalling. In other organ systems, cAMP can increase neuronal NO production by stimulating protein kinase A (PKA) to phosphorylate neuronal NOS (nNOS) Serine-1412 (S1412). We hypothesized that cAMP also increases nNOS S1412 phosphorylation by PKA in enteric neurons to augment nitrergic relaxation of mouse ileum. Experimental approach We measured contractile force and nNOS S1412 phosphorylation in ileal rings suspended in an organ bath. We used forskolin to induce cAMP-dependent relaxation of wild type, nNOSS1412A knock-in and nNOSα-null ileal rings in the presence or absence of PKA, protein kinase B (Akt) and NOS inhibitors. Key results Forskolin stimulated phosphorylation of nNOS S1412 in mouse ileum. Forskolin relaxed nNOSα-null and nNOSS1412A ileal rings less than wild-type ileal rings. PKA inhibition blocked forskolin-induced nNOS phosphorylation and attenuated relaxation of wild type but not nNOSS1412A ileum. Akt inhibition did not alter nNOS phosphorylation with forskolin but did attenuate relaxation of wild type and nNOSS1412A . NOS inhibition with L-NAME eliminated the effects of PKA and Akt inhibitors on relaxation. Conclusion and implications PKA phosphorylation of nNOS S1412 augments forskolin-induced nitrergic ileal relaxation. The relationship between cAMP/PKA and NO is therefore synergistic in enteric nitrergic neurons. Because NO regulates gut motility, selective modulation of enteric neuronal cAMP synthesis may be useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Evaluation of Spodick's Sign and Other Electrocardiographic Findings as Indicators of STEMI and Pericarditis.

Abstract Background Patients with ST elevation on electrocardiogram (ECG) could have ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or pericarditis. Spodick's sign, a downsloping of the ECG baseline (the T-P segment), has been described, but not validated, as a sign of pericarditis. Objective This study estimates the frequency of Spodick's sign and other findings in patients diagnosed with STEMI and those with pericarditis. Methods In this retrospective review, we selected charts that met prospective definitions of STEMI (cases) and pericarditis (controls). We excluded patients whose ECGs lacked ST elevation. An authority on electrocardiography reviewed all ECGs, noting the presence or absence of Spodick's sign, ST depression (in leads besides V1 and aVR), PR depression, greater ST elevation in lead III than in lead II (III > II), abrupt take-off of ST segment (the RT checkmark sign), and upward or horizontal ST convexity. We quantified strength of association using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results One hundred and sixty-five patients met criteria for STEMI and 42 met those for pericarditis. Spodick's sign occurred in 5% of patients with STEMI (95% CI 3–10%) and 29% of patients with pericarditis (95% CI 16–45%). All other findings statistically distinguished STEMI from pericarditis, but ST depression (OR 31), III > II (OR 21), and absence of PR depression (OR 12) had the greatest OR values. Conclusions Spodick's sign is statistically associated with pericarditis, but it is seen in 5% of patients with STEMI. Among other findings, ST depression, III > II, and absence of PR depression were the most discriminating.
The TonB, ExbB, and ExbD Proteins

The proton motive force (PMF) of the cytoplasmic membrane is harnessed as the energy source. This spatial separation of the energy source from the energy sink necessitates an intermediate linkage between the two processes. That function is fulfilled by three proteins, TonB, ExbB, and ExbD, that couple the cytoplasmic membrane PMF to the active transport of nutrients through outer membrane transporters. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of the means by which energy is harvested at the cytoplasmic membrane and delivered to the outer membrane transporters in Escherichia coli, and then reviews some of the diversity in this system that has recently become apparent. Based on evidence to date, it is reasonable to consider TonB to consist of three distinct functional domains: the amino-terminal domain, the central domain, and the carboxy-terminal domain. The ability of cells to transport cobalamin and various iron-siderophore complexes and their susceptibility to killing by bacteriophages and colicins are routinely used in assays to characterize phenotypes of mutant proteins in the TonB-dependent energy transduction system.
Discriminating electrocardiographic responses to His-bundle pacing using machine learning

Background His-bundle pacing (HBP) has emerged as an alternative to conventional ventricular pacing because of its ability to deliver physiological ventricular activation. Pacing at the His bundle produces different electrocardiographic (ECG) responses: selective His-bundle pacing (S-HBP), non-selective His bundle pacing (NS-HBP), and myocardium-only capture (MOC). These 3 capture types must be distinguished from each other, which can be challenging and time-consuming even for experts. Objective The purpose of this study was to use artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of supervised machine learning using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automate HBP ECG interpretation. Methods We identified patients who had undergone HBP and extracted raw 12-lead ECG data during S-HBP, NS-HBP, and MOC. A CNN was trained, using 3-fold cross-validation, on 75% of the segmented QRS complexes labeled with their capture type. The remaining 25% was kept aside as a testing dataset. Results The CNN was trained with 1297 QRS complexes from 59 patients. Cohen kappa for the neural network's performance on the 17-patient testing set was 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.30 to 0.88; P Conclusion We demonstrated proof of concept that a neural network can be trained to automate discrimination between HBP ECG responses. When a larger dataset is trained to higher accuracy, automated AI ECG analysis could facilitate HBP implantation and follow-up and prevent complications resulting from incorrect HBP ECG analysis.
A SEARCH FOR NEW PHYSICS WITH THE BEACON MISSION

The primary objective of the Beyond Einstein Advanced Coherent Optical Network (BEACON) mission is a search for new physics beyond general relativity by measuring the curvature of relativistic space–time around the Earth. This curvature is characterized by the Eddington parameter γ — the most fundamental relativistic gravity parameter and a direct measure for the presence of new physical interactions. BEACON will achieve an accuracy of 1 × 10-9 in measuring the parameter γ, thereby going a factor of 30,000 beyond the present best result involving the Cassini spacecraft. Secondary mission objectives include: (i) a direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" and geodetic precessions in the Earth's rotational gravitomagnetic field, to 0.05% and 0.03% accuracy respectively, (ii) the first measurement of gravity's nonlinear effects on light and the corresponding second order spatial metric's effects to 0.01% accuracy. BEACON will lead to robust advances in tests of fundamental physics — this mission could discover a violation or extension of general relativity and/or reveal the presence of an additional long range interaction in physics. It will provide crucial information to separate modern scalar–tensor theories of gravity from general relativity, probe possible ways for gravity quantization, and test modern theories of cosmological evolution.
Wage Trickle Down vs. Rent Trickle Down: How Does the Increase in College Graduates Affect Wages and Rents?

This study examines how the changing composition of adult educational attainment in cities affects the distribution of wages and rents in those cities. We extend the Rosen-Roback spatial equilibrium model to show that as the share of college graduates increases, the impact of this change on the overall welfare of skilled and unskilled workers varies, particularly when individuals have different locational preferences and as housing supply takes time to adjust to changing demand. Using the PSID from 1980 to 2013, we find that college graduates gain higher wage premiums in cities where the share of college graduates are increasing. On the other hand, those without college education do not experience the same wage benefit, and some even experience wage losses. These results hold even after controlling for unobserved characteristics of individuals and cities. Rental prices also increase in cities that experience growth in the share of college graduates. On average, the increase in rental costs offsets the earning increases, and thus the residual earnings do not change in cities with greater influxes of high skilled workers. However, the gains and losses differ across individuals with different levels of education. For college graduates, we find that the increase in earnings benefits is greater than the increase in rental cost in cities with growing shares of college graduates. For those without college degrees, rental cost increases outweigh the increase in earnings in these cities. This suggests that less skilled workers can become worse off in cities that attract college graduates, especially in the short run.
Are Individuals’ stated preferences for electric vehicles (EVs) consistent with real-world EV ownership patterns?

Abstract Previous studies on factors affecting electric vehicle (EV) adoption mainly rely on individual stated preference surveys or aggregate market share analyses. This paper applies both approaches to study EV adoption patterns in the state of Virginia to compare and contrast findings from the two methods. An individual-level vehicle fuel type choice model is developed based on a 2018 stated preference survey of 837 Virginia drivers. A county-level EV ownership model is developed using Department of Motor Vehicles’ 2012–2016 vehicle registration data. Results show several consistent findings: 1) being male and having higher educational attainment have positive effects on EV adoption; 2) availability of DC fast charging stations is positively associated with EV adoption, particularly for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, the age effects are found to be inconsistent between the two study approaches: older individuals state negative preferences for EVs whereas counties with greater share of older populations are associated with more EV registrations. Additionally, the individual vehicle choice model complements the county-level EV ownership analysis by examining the effects of various vehicle-related attributes: 1) model results show positive effects of EV purchase incentives but negligible effects of EV annual use fees on EV preferences; 2) battery range is found to be significant for the utility of BEVs, but not for plug-in hybrid EVs; and 3) EV owners place greater importance on battery range and DC fast charging stations than non-EV owners. The combined analysis confirms several influential factors of EV adoption, and identifies instances when stated preference/interest are not consistent with real-world ownership patterns, which should be explicitly considered in EV policy making.
Young black women demonstrate impaired microvascular but preserved macrovascular function compared to white women.

NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is there a racial disparity in macrovascular and/or microvascular function between young black and white women? What is the main finding and its importance? Black women (BLW) demonstrated impaired microvascular function but similar macrovascular function compared to white women (WHW). These findings suggest an identifiable racial disparity in microvascular function between BLW and WHW as early as young adulthood. Microvascular dysfunction is predictive of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and generally precedes the development of macrovascular dysfunction. Therefore, these findings also suggest that evaluating microvascular function and CVD risk in young, otherwise healthy BLW are important, as there are known racial disparities in CVD morbidity and mortality in black adults. ABSTRACT Black women (BLW) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality compared to white women (WHW). Vascular dysfunction is a non-traditional risk factor for CVD and BLW demonstrate impaired vascular function when compared to WHW throughout the lifespan. Several previous studies assessed macrovascular and microvascular function in young BLW compared to WHW, but there has been no recent work exploring this disparity in young women using current, up-to-date methodologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate both macrovascular and microvascular function as assessed by haemodynamic responses to flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), following current FMD guidelines, in young adult BLW and WHW. We hypothesized that BLW would demonstrate attenuated macrovascular and microvascular responses to FMD compared to WHW. Macrovascular function was assessed as the percentage dilatation of the brachial artery following FMD occlusion-cuff release (FMD%). Microvascular function was assessed by total reactive hyperaemia area under the curve (RH-AUC), calculated as the cumulative increase in brachial artery blood flow above baseline following FMD occlusion-cuff release. Participants were tested in the morning hours during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Twenty-eight young, apparently healthy women completed the study: 17 WHW (23 ± 4 years) and 11 BLW (24 ± 5 years). FMD% was lower in BLW (WHW: 8.0 ± 1.6, BLW: 6.2 ± 2.4%; P = 0.02), but significance was abolished when FMD% was normalized for shear (WHW: 0.1230 ± 0.0388, BLW: 0.1132 ± 0.0405; P = 0.53). RH-AUC was lower in BLW (WHW: 438 ± 133, BLW: 268 ± 66 ml/min; P < 0.001). Young, otherwise healthy BLW demonstrated impaired microvascular function compared to WHW.
Asset Prices, Global Portfolios, and the International Financial System

I adapt the framework of Sauzet (2021) to an international setting to characterize the global solution to the international portfolio problem in full generality, a long-standing open issue in international finance. In this two-country, two-good environment, investors have recursive preferences and a bias in consumption towards their local good. The framework highlights the role of the allocation of wealth across international investors for portfolios, asset prices, and risk sharing, an aspect that had received little emphasis in such a setting. The model allows to revisit various results in the international portfolio choice literature. In addition, I show that it can replicate a number of facts about the structure and dynamics of the international financial system, and of asset returns in that context.
Evolution of global and local deformation in additively manufactured octet truss lattice structures

Abstract Additively manufactured lattice truss structures, often referred to as architected cellular materials, present significant advantages over conventional structures due to their unique characteristics such as high strength-to-weight ratios and surface area-to-volume ratios. These geometrically complex structures, however, come with concomitant challenges for qualification and inspection. In this study, compression testing interrupted with micro-computed tomography inspection was conducted to monitor the evolution of global and local deformation throughout the loading process of 304 L stainless steel octet truss lattice structures. Both two- and three-dimensional image analysis techniques were leveraged to characterize geometric heterogeneities resulting from the laser powder bed fusion manufacturing process as well as track the structure throughout deformation. Variations from model-predicted behavior resulting from these heterogeneities are considered relative to the predicted and actual responses of the structures during compression to better understand, model, and predict the octet truss lattice structure compression response.
Modeling one-choice and two-choice driving tasks

An experiment is presented in which subjects were tested on both one-choice and two-choice driving tasks and on non-driving versions of them. Diffusion models for one- and two-choice tasks were successful in extracting model-based measures from the response time and accuracy data. These include measures of the quality of the information from the stimuli that drove the decision process (drift rate in the model), the time taken up by processes outside the decision process and, for the two-choice model, the speed/accuracy decision criteria that subjects set. Drift rates were only marginally different between the driving and non-driving tasks, indicating that nearly the same information was used in the two kinds of tasks. The tasks differed in the time taken up by other processes, reflecting the difference between them in response processing demands. Drift rates were significantly correlated across the two two-choice tasks showing that subjects that performed well on one task also performed well on the other task. Nondecision times were correlated across the two driving tasks, showing common abilities on motor processes across the two tasks. These results show the feasibility of using diffusion modeling to examine decision making in driving and so provide for a theoretical examination of factors that might impair driving, such as extreme aging, distraction, sleep deprivation, and so on.
Transgenic Expression of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Inhibits Both Rod and Cone Gene Expression

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, which also includes oncostatin-M, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), interleukin-11, and cardiotrophin-1. Members of this family are grouped together based on activation of a common tyrosine kinase receptor, gp130. (Ip et al, 1992) The expression of activating ligands of gp130, including LIF and CNTF, have been localized to Muller glial cells and microglial cells in the retina. (Harada et al, 2002; Kirsch et al, 1997; Neophytou et al, 1997; Walsh et al, 2001) While little is known about the regulated expression of LIF in the eye, CNTF has been shown to be up-regulated in the retina following injury or stress. (Cao et al, 1997; Wen et al, 1995; Wen et al, 1998) This up regulation has led to the hypothesis that activation of gp130 is an endogenous mechanism for neuroprotection in the retina. In support of this hypothesis, it has been shown that activating gp130 either by direct injections of LIF or CNTF into the eye or by their expression from transduced cells is effective at protecting retinal neurons from cell death. This includes cell death caused by prolonged exposure to constant light and inherited retinal degenerative mutations (Bok et al, 2002; Cayouette and Gravel, 1997; LaVail et al, 1998; LaVail et al, 1992). CNTF and LIF are both currently in clinical trials for the treatment of neurological degenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Festoff, 1996) and retinitis pigmentosa (www.clinicaltrials.gov). While CNTF and LIF are effective at preventing cell death, the mechanism has not yet been identified.
Using an Education Server Software System To Deliver Special Education Coursework via the World Wide Web.

The World Wide Web (Web) has considerable potential for delivering distance education programs. A new genre of computer software programs is being developed to facilitate the management of instruction and communication among students and instructors who are involved with the delivery of Web-based instruction (WBI). One such program is the TopClass educational server software system. This investigation was designed to examine the feasibility of using TopClass to deliver University-based special education coursework via the Web. Procedures required to set up an education Web server were examined and a pilot study was performed to explore factors associated with the development and delivery of instructional content via TopClass. Student reactions to instruction delivered in the pilot test were positive. There also were indicators that learning occurred as a result of using the TopClass system. Issues related to the use of WBI were identified and questions for additional research were proposed.