cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chipped Stone Nodules: Theory, Method, and Examples

AbstractWith the recent proliferation of refitting studles, grouping artifacts into raw material nodules in preparation for refitting is becoming more common. Even if little is found to fit, the nodules formed in the refitting process still yield Information beyond that which can be gained by Just identifying raw material type, or even raw material source locations for assemblages. We discuss minimumanalytical nodules (MAN) and their analysts (MANA) as a means of further understanding chipped stone technological organization. We use several case studies from the Northwest Plains and Rocky Mountain chipped stone assemblages ranging in age from more than 10.000 to 100 years old in order to address implications for forager technology.
Multisensory Recognition in Vertebrates (Especially Primates)

A monkey wakes up next to her group mates as the sun rises. Throughout the day, she needs to make a number of decisions. Who should she forage with? Who should she cooperate with in order to chase away unfamiliar monkeys? Are there any particular individuals that she should avoid interacting with? When she is not foraging or defending her territory, she can usually be seen grooming another individual. However, choosing whom to groom presents yet another decision she needs to make. On this particular day, she may even end up deciding with whom she is going to mate. This is a complex but important decision, requiring the selection of a high quality male among many others based on a set of physical characteristics. All these myriad decisions require her to know the individuals in the group, recognize specific individuals among others, and remember past interactions with group members.
Making America Worse: Jobs and Money at Trump Casinos, 1997-2010

This paper questions Donald Trump’s claim that his business success in creating jobs means that he can also create jobs as President. Using publicly available data, I find that, on average, Atlantic City casinos owned or controlled by Trump between 1997-2010 (the Taj Mahal, Marina, and Plaza) lost far more jobs and revenue than other Atlantic City casinos: 900 more jobs/casino and about $50 million more in revenue/casino. All Atlantic City casinos suffered losses in this period, when neighboring states licensed new gaming facilities, but Trump’s casinos lost about 37% more jobs and one-third more revenue than their rivals. The differences are statistically significant in a mixed model linear regression.The Trump casinos used chapter 11 bankruptcy four times. That, itself, is a record, as no other large business has apparently done so more than three times. Despite repeatedly obtaining relief in bankruptcy, Trump’s casinos underperformed rivals in conditions analogous to those facing U.S. workers and companies: the loss of jobs and revenue due to “foreign” competition. Even as Trump casinos performed poorly and went through multiple bankruptcies, Trump continued to take significant amounts of money from those businesses for himself - including about $3.2 million per year from 2001-2005.Trump claims he should be President based on his demonstrated ability to save jobs and make money. Using the best available evidence, this study finds that, when it came to doing so in the face of “foreign” threats, Trump’s Atlantic City casinos were not the “best,” and not even “average” - they were the worst.
An Artist's Perspective on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces

In her talk, Utterback will use examples of her own ground-breaking computer vision based artwork along with other art historical and contemporary examples to explore interaction design from a creative and sometimes radical perspective. While we often think our current technological innovations are completely new, a deeper look to the past provides intriguing visions, alternate possibilities, and provocations for the present. For example, many artists in the 1960's created projections onto multiple layers of glass or other transparent surfaces, including moving and sculptural surfaces. A closer look at these works reveals new possibilities for current work, which may also now be more feasible due to technological progress. Along with introducing inspiring examples from the past, Utterback will outline her current research into transparent, shaped and moving surfaces for interactive projections. Her current projects include multi-sided interactive installations using sets of scrims, fabric, LCD and OLED surfaces, and projections into custom formed glass -- both multi-layered glass surfaces, and hand blown or cast glass. At Stanford, Utterback recently taught two quarters of a course titled "Sculptural Screens" and will also share some of her students' innovative projects. An important element of Utterback's artistic research is questioning how technology can be designed to either ignore or enhance our embodied selves. She will highlight this aspect of her work along with lessons she has learned in her near 20 years working as a professional artist at the intersection of art and technology.
Theory in Child Psychosocial Treatment Research: Have It or Had It? A Pragmatic Alternative

In the area of child psychosocial intervention research, substantial progress in addressing challenging methodological issues has been made. In this article we suggest that continued movement forward requires maintaining a balance between methodological and theoretical issues, and that it would be advantageous to begin to think about matching advances in methodological sophistication by similar advances in theoretical sophistication. The need to advance our understanding of theoretical issues is especially important in light of the challenges raised by postmodernism, particularly as these challenges relate to knowledge development. We discuss these challenges and describe how a "pragmatic" orientation may be a useful way to respond to them. We also describe how a pragmatic orientation has been useful in our work in developing, implementing and evaluating psychosocial interventions for children with phobic and anxiety disorders.
Children Need Sufficient Time to Eat School Lunch.

The article discusses the author's claim that children in America need sufficient time to eat their school lunches as of 2017, and it mentions concerns about childhood obesity and the consumption of fruits and vegetables, The U.S. National School Lunch Program's regulations regarding nutrition and eligibility for free and reduced-price meals are addressed, along with human dignity and children's health and education in America. Conversation skills and learning are assessed.
Progress towards precision functional genomics in cancer

The notion of cancer precision medicine is appealingly simple; given the complete catalog of mutations and cell types present in each patient's tumor, along with sufficient prior knowledge, it should be possible to design a therapeutic strategy that improves outcomes. However, most cancer patients do not yet benefit from cancer precision medicine. A central bottleneck is that most recurrently mutated genes in cancer are found mutated in fewer than 5% of patients and most individual variants are found at exceedingly rare frequencies. As a result, how most of these individual variants function is currently unknown. Improving future clinical predictions requires overcoming this challenge. Here, we describe the current state of the emerging field of “precision functional genomics” which stands to complement existing approaches to improve the interpretation of cancer genomes.
The effect of intervening hospitalizations on the benefit of structured physical activity in promoting independent mobility among community-living older persons: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Among older persons, disability is often precipitated by intervening illnesses and injuries leading to hospitalization. In the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study, a structured moderate-intensity physical activity program, compared with a health education program, was shown to significantly reduce the amount of time spent with major mobility disability (MMD) over the course of 3.5 years. We aimed to determine whether the benefit of the physical activity program in promoting independent mobility was diminished in the setting of intervening hospitalizations. We analyzed data from a single-blinded, parallel group randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01072500). In this trial, 1635 sedentary persons, aged 70–89 years, who had functional limitations but were able to walk 400 m, were randomized from eight US centers between February 2010 and December 2013: 818 to physical activity (800 received intervention) and 817 to health education (805 received intervention). Intervening hospitalizations and MMD, defined as the inability to walk 400 m, were assessed every 6 months for up to 3.5 years. For both the physical activity and health education groups, intervening hospitalizations were strongly associated with the initial onset of MMD and inversely associated with recovery from MMD, defined as a transition from initial MMD onset to no MMD. The benefit of the physical activity intervention did not differ significantly based on hospital exposure. For onset of MMD, the hazard ratios (HR) were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–1.1) and 0.77 (0.62–0.95) in the presence and absence of intervening hospitalizations, respectively (P-interaction, 0.903). For recovery of MMD, the magnitude of effect was modestly greater among participants who were hospitalized (HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.71–3.0) than in those who were not hospitalized (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.88–1.7), but this difference did not achieve statistical significance (P-interaction, 0.670). Intervening hospitalizations had strong deleterious effects on the onset of MMD and recovery from MMD, but did not diminish the beneficial effect of the LIFE physical activity intervention in promoting independent mobility. To achieve sustained benefits over time, structured physical activity programs should be designed to accommodate acute illnesses and injuries leading to hospitalizations given their high frequency in older persons with functional limitations. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01072500 .
Enhancing Safety Risk Management with Quantitative Measures

At the airfield in hub airports, many activities occur that involve a range of participants, including various-size aircraft, ground vehicles, and workers. The safety management system is FAA’s approach for systematically managing aviation safety. A major component of the safety management system is safety risk management (SRM), which entails analysis, assessment, and control of safety risks, including risks on the airfield. Current SRM has few specific safety models to estimate the likelihood or frequency of risks. This paper presents an example for development and incorporation of safety models into SRM. Specifically, it discusses safety models for runway incursion that use the following variables: total and general aviation operations, length of runway by type, number of taxiway intersections, snowfall, precipitation, number of hot spots, and construction activity. Categorization and processing of data were significant because each variable used could take on multiple forms, and some types of data invo...
"Y bueno pienso que vos podrías dársela": estrategias de cortesía utilizadas por participantes argentinos en la solicitud de un servicio profesional

Usando los marcos teoricos de Blum-Kulka et alii (1989), para clasificar los diferentes tipos de estrategias usadas en la realizacion de un pedido y el de Brown y Levinson (1987) para clasificar estas estrategias como de deferencia o solidaridad, este articulo examina los pedidos hechos por participantes argentinos en una situacion que exhibe las caracteristicas de –P, –D, –R. Los resultados muestran que los hablantes argentinos que participaron en este estudio prefieren estrategias de cortesia de solidaridad tanto para hacer el pedido como para negociar las condiciones bajo las cuales se llevaria a cabo. Igualmente se observo que los participantes prefirieron estrategias que amenazaran su propia imagen a la del interlocutor, protegiendo tanto su propia imagen positiva como la del interlocutor.
Pseudo-pseudo-differential circuits

Pseudo-differential circuits approximate the performance of fully-differential structures, while allowing single-ended operation of the two half stages in the circuit. This requires duplication of the circuitry, with accurate symmetry needed between the two halves to cancel common-mode noise. This paper proposes a single-ended scheme which uses double sampling and time interleaving to achieve a performance comparable to that of differential circuits. It requires only half the complexity and reduced power dissipation compared to fully-or pseudo-differential circuits.
Extraordinary Items—An Elusive Concept

ABSTRACT: Since the appearances of “extraordinary” gains and losses in the authoritative GAAP literature in 1917, the debate over how to report such items has continued for a century. Until the 1970s, the reporting of extraordinary items was widespread. During recent decades, however, the frequency of reported extraordinary items decreased sharply. Only 1.5 percent of companies reported them in 2014, followed in January 2015 by their elimination from U.S. GAAP. In this paper, we investigate factors affecting the decline in reporting of extraordinary items and reasons for their elimination from U.S. GAAP. Factors include evolving criteria for defining extraordinary items, variation in their financial statement placement, and their changing nature and size over the years. We examine several important FASB pronouncements and events that contributed to the elimination of extraordinary items, including APB Opinion No. 30 in 1973, the FASB's treatment of the losses from the World Trade Center attack in 2001, th...
Multiple hypothesis testing for dynamic support recovery

This paper considers the problem of dynamic support recovery for jointly sparse signals from underdetermined measurements. Unlike Multiple Measurement Vector (MMV) models that assume a fixed support for all time instances, we allow the support to vary temporally following a finite state Markov chain. Instead of using l 1 minimization based algorithms, we cast the problem of dynamic support recovery as a multiple-hypothesis testing problem and analyze its performance. We derive an upper bound on the probability of error for the optimal decision rule which explicitly highlights the role of the time-varying priors associated with the Markov Chain. The results are valid for any transition probability matrix and choice of initial priors, and can also be used to study the MMV model as a special case.
Impact of Coffee and Cacao Purine Metabolites on Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease

Increasing evidence suggests that regular consumption of coffee, tea and dark chocolate (cacao) can promote brain health and may reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, the complex array of phytochemicals in coffee and cacao beans and tea leaves has hindered a clear understanding of the component(s) that affect neuronal plasticity and resilience. One class of phytochemicals present in relatively high amounts in coffee, tea and cacao are methylxanthines. Among such methylxanthines, caffeine has been the most widely studied and has clear effects on neuronal network activity, promotes sustained cognitive performance and can protect neurons against dysfunction and death in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeine's mechanism of action relies on antagonism of various subclasses of adenosine receptors. Downstream xanthine metabolites, such as theobromine and theophylline, may also contribute to the beneficial effects of coffee, tea and cacao on brain health.
Combining CO 2 reduction with propane oxidative dehydrogenation over bimetallic catalysts

The inherent variability and insufficiencies in the co-production of propylene from steam crackers has raised concerns regarding the global propylene production gap and has directed industry to develop more on-purpose propylene technologies. The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by CO2 (CO2-ODHP) can potentially fill this gap while consuming a greenhouse gas. Non-precious FeNi and precious NiPt catalysts supported on CeO2 have been identified as promising catalysts for CO2-ODHP and dry reforming, respectively, in flow reactor studies conducted at 823 K. In-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed the oxidation states of metals under reaction conditions and density functional theory calculations were utilized to identify the most favorable reaction pathways over the two types of catalysts.
Traffic Flow Models on a Network of Roads

Macroscopic models of traffic flow on a network of roads can be formulated in terms of a scalar conservation law on each road, together with boundary conditions, determining the flow at junctions. Some of these intersection models are reviewed in this note, discussing the well posedness of the resulting initial value problems. From a practical point of view, one can also study traffic patterns as the outcome of many decision problems, where each driver chooses his departure time and route to destination, in order to minimize the sum of a departure and an arrival cost. For the new models including a buffer at each intersection, one can prove: (i) the existence of a globally optimal solution, minimizing the total cost to all drivers, and (ii) the existence of a Nash equilibrium solution, where no driver can lower his own cost by changing his departure time or the route taken to reach destination.
Evaluative Criteria to Create and Assess Case Studies for Use in Ethical Decision-Making Analysis

The case method approach to analyze ethical dilemmas is common in graduate public administration ethics courses or public administration courses that include an ethical component. To keep the cases...
Segmentation of images by expansion and contraction

A new method for segmenting Images using edge points to separate regions of smoothly varying intensity is discussed. Region segmentation using edge points has not been very successful in the past because small gaps would allow merging of dissimilar regions. The present method uses an expansion-contraction technique in which the edge regions are expanded to close gaps and then contracted after the separate uniform regions have been identified. In order to perserve small uniform regions, the process is performed iteratively with increasing expansions, but no expansion for edge regions that already separate different regions. The final result is a set of uniform intensity regions (usually less than 100) and a set of edge boundary regions. The program has successfully segmented scenes with industrial parts, landscapes, and IC chips.
Exciting and Justifying Reasons

It is with Hume’s arguments for the claim that “the rules of morality are not conclusions of our reason” that this chapter deals. We have already considered the support Hume offers for the contention that “reason, by itself, does not excite passions and produce or prevent actions.” I tried to show that Hume failed to establish this point. In this chapter we will be concerned with the first premise of Hume’s argument, namely, “moral judgments, rules, and precepts excite passions and produce or prevent actions.” It is only when this premise is understood that we come to understand how it is that Hume was led to hold the position that we cannot distinguish right from wrong or good from bad by means of reason.
Does Pakistan Have a Madrasah Problem? Insights from New Data

Pakistan's madaaris sustain attention for their suspected contribution to militancy. Some scholars reject this securitized discourse, arguing that it mobilizes/sustains various fictions that madaaris: are schools last resort for the poor; provide little value; expanding in their usage; and spawning international terrorists. I employ four new data-sources to inform debates between those who understand seminaries from the optic of security and those who do not. I find: madrasah use is neither expanding nor due to poverty; parents use them to complement other forms of education, reflecting parental preferences for religious and secular educations; madaaris provide educational benefit beyond public schools.
Potential influence of temperature and precipitation on preterm birth rate in Puerto Rico.

The preterm birth (PTB) rate for singletons born in the tropical Caribbean island Puerto Rico increased from 11.3% in 1994, which was comparable to rates in the U.S., to as high as 18.3% in 2006 before decreasing to 15.5% in 2012. A few studies have reported that weather extremes are associated with higher risk of preterm birth, however, the effects of ambient temperature and precipitation has not been well examined in Puerto Rico. We compiled child birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics and weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from 1994 to 2012. We explored the association between the weather factors and PTB rates with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). We did not find direct association of lagged effect of temperature on birth outcome over monthly timescales. Both high intensity and frequency of precipitation and high frequency of storm and flood events are associated with increased risk of PTB rates. While the weather factors do not explain the marked increase and decrease in PTB rate, we emphasize the negative effects on PTB from weather extremes particularly precipitation in Puerto Rico.
Health Behavior Theory to Enhance eHealth Intervention Research in HIV: Rationale and Review.

Optimal design and evaluation of eHealth interventions requires the specification of behavioral targets and hypothesized mechanisms of action—both of which can be enhanced with the use of established health behavior theories (HBTs). In this paper, we describe the major HBTs and examine their use in studies of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention and treatment and assess the contribution of HBT in developing and evaluating eHealth interventions. Based on our review of the literature, we argue the field can benefit from more systematic selection, application, and reporting of HBT. We highlight theories specifically designed for eHealth and describe ways that HBT can be used by researchers and practitioners to improve the rigor and impact of eHealth interventions for individuals living with or at risk for HIV. This brief overview of HBTs and their application to eHealth intervention in HIV research has underscored the importance of a theoretically intentional approach. The theory should be used to inform the design of the eHealth intervention; the intervention should not determine the theory. A theory-driven iterative model of eHealth intervention development may not only improve our repertoire of effective strategies but also has the potential to expand our theoretical and empirical knowledge of health behavior change.
HSP90 inhibition depletes DNA repair proteins to sensitize acute myelogenous leukemia to nucleoside analog chemotherapeutics

The treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) relies heavily on cytarabine (Ara-C) containing chemotherapy. Even newly approved multi-kinase inhibitors improved survival only when combined with...
PET/MRI: A NOVEL IMAGING MODALITY TO GUIDE TAILORED IMMUNOTHERAPY IN EOSINOPHILIC MYOCARDITIS

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare yet fulminant form of myocarditis characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration. Corticosteroids (CS) are the mainstay of treatment for EM however time course of treatment is unknown. Novel imaging modalities may help to guide and
Cough responses to inhaled irritants are enhanced by eosinophil major basic protein in awake mice

A distinct association between airway eosinophilia and chronic cough is well documented. Eosinophil granule-derived cationic proteins, such as major basic protein (MBP), have been shown to activate...
Improving Education in Agricultural Biosciences through Studying Abroad in the United States.

Studying abroad in agricultural biosciences can develop students' cultural, academic, and communication skills and enhance employability. However, in the United States, discussions of study abroad are limited to either one-way directionality (U.S. students to other countries) or to the experiences of international students who come to the United States for degree programs. We analyzed the perspectives and experiences of studying abroad by Zamorano University (Honduras) students who completed an agricultural bioscience pasantia (four-month internship) during the final year of their undergraduate program. We used mixed methods to collect data via focus group discussions and a survey with Zamorano students who had completed a pasantia in 2017, as well as key informant interviews with Zamorano pasantia coordinators. Study-abroad experiences were compared between students who completed their pasantia in the United States (37%) and those who completed their pasantia in any of 17 other countries worldwide. Significant relationships were identified (p < 0.05) between: doing a pasantia in the United States (compared with going elsewhere) and improving science and theoretical knowledge; having a hands-on experience and science and theory improvement; improving communication and confidence in using scientific methods. The Zamorano pasantia model lends insights into the value of study abroad for agricultural bioscience education.
On Epigenetic Plasticity and Genome Topology.

Mounting evidence links genetic lesions with genome topology alterations and aberrant gene activation. However, the role of epigenetic plasticity remains elusive. Emerging studies implicate DNA methylation, transcriptional elongation, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)–RNA interactions, but systematic approaches are needed to fully decipher the role of epigenetic plasticity in genome integrity and function.
Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Importance Although emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of high-protein diets to overall health, a comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in association with the intake of plant protein and animal protein has not been reported. Objective To examine the associations between overall mortality and cause-specific mortality and plant protein intake. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 416 104 men and women in the US National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study from 1995 to 2011. Data were analyzed from October 2018 through April 2020. Exposures Validated baseline food frequency questionnaire dietary information, including intake of plant protein and animal protein. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios and 16-year absolute risk differences for overall mortality and cause-specific mortality. Results The final analytic cohort included 237 036 men (57%) and 179 068 women. Their overall median (SD) ages were 62.2 (5.4) years for men and 62.0 (5.4) years for women. Based on 6 009 748 person-years of observation, 77 614 deaths (18.7%; 49 297 men and 28 317 women) were analyzed. Adjusting for several important clinical and other risk factors, greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97] for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 1 SD was −0.36% [95% CI, −0.48% to −0.25%] for men and −0.33% [95% CI, −0.48% to −0.21%] for women; hazard ratio per 10 g/1000 kcal was 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.91] for men and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.90] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 10 g/1000 kcal was −0.95% [95% CI, −1.3% to −0.68%] for men and −0.86% [95% CI, −1.3% to −0.55%] for women; allP Conclusions and Relevance In this large prospective cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with small reductions in risk of overall and cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings provide evidence that dietary modification in choice of protein sources may influence health and longevity.
An Examination of a Novel Weight Loss Supplement on Anthropometry and Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

This study examined whether adding Dichrostachys glomerata (DG; 300 mg/d) to thermogenic supplements with (DG + C) and without (DG) caffeine and other nutrients affects weight loss, changes in body...
Organization of Islamic Cooperation and Human Rights: Problems and Prospects

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) refers to itself as “the second-largest inter-governmental organization after the United Nations and collective voice of the Muslim world”. Its 57-member states are spread over four continents and Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Iran are its key players. Historically, however, the OIC has had a complicated relationship with the international human rights regime and human rights universality. While there are still several shortcomings in the promotion and protection of human rights in its member states, the purpose of the research at hand is to demonstrate that the OIC is in the process of transitioning towards international human rights norms. To do so, this thesis analyzes recent activities of OIC organs and major players in the field of human rights and revising procedure of the OIC’s controversial Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, which will be changed into the OIC Declaration on Human Rights.
Using technology to ameliorate the effects of healthcare staff shortages during pandemics

Although technologies facilitate the provision of quality patient monitoring and management solutions, limited information is available on how technology can be deployed in the management of corona...
Relationship of Antenna Work and Ablation Cavity Volume Following Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Hepatic Tumors

Abstract Purpose To formulate a statistical model relating ablation time, power, and work with posttreatment cavity volume following percutaneous microwave ablation of hepatic tumors in vivo. Materials and Methods A retrospective review (October 2015 to October 2018) yielded 122 hepatic tumors treated with microwave ablation. Ablation cavity dimensions were measured at 1-month follow-up examination and calculated using an ellipsoid volume formula. The antenna manufacturer (Neuwave Medical, Madison, Wisconsin) provided the activation time and energy used to calculate the antenna work. Generalized estimating equations with ordinary least-squares regression models were obtained to relate tumor volume with cumulative antenna work. Coefficient of determination (R2) and mean square error were used as statistical measures of model prediction performance. Results There is a logarithmic relationship between postablation cavity volume (cm3) and cumulative work (kJ), represented by the formula: log10 cm3 = −0.4583 + 0.9887 × cumulative work (log10 kJ) (R2 = 0.41, mean square error, 0.102). Ablation volumes were predicted as a function of antenna work, calculated using an antilog transformation. When a single antenna was used, ablation cavity volume was predicted using a generalized estimating equation ordinary least-squares regression model of power and time: log10cm3= −0.0546 + 0.0485 × total time (min) + 0.0107 × power (W) (R2 = 0.30; mean square error, 0.106). Using this model, a nomogram was developed to predict the postablation cavity volume based on total activation time and target power. Conclusion There is a logarithmic relationship between the ablation work and posttreatment ablation cavity volume, which can be expressed in a nomogram when using a single probe.
Narrative Asset Pricing: Interpretable Systematic Risk Factors from News Text

We seek fundamental risks from news text. Conceptually, news is closely related to the idea of systematic risk, in particular the "state variables" in the ICAPM. News captures investors' concerns about future investment opportunities, and hence drives the current pricing kernel. This paper demonstrates a way to extract a parsimonious set of risk factors and eventually a univariate pricing kernel from news text. The state variables are reduced and selected from the variations in attention allocated to different news narratives. As a result, the risk factors attain clear text-based interpretability as well as top-of-the-line asset pricing performance. The empirical method integrates topic modeling (LDA), latent factor analysis (IPCA), and variable selection (group lasso).
Social Support in Parents of Children With Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Objectives Parents of children with cancer (PCCs) experience stress as they navigate managing their child's illness. Arguably, social support is critical to PCCs' well-being. This review examines the literature on social support in PCCs. Methods Studies of social support in PCCs were collected from PsycINFO, CINHAL, and MEDLINE. Data were extracted from 37 studies published between January 2010 and May 2021 related to the conceptualization, measurement, and availability of social support in PCCs. Relationships between PCCs' social support, well-being, and unique parent and child factors were also synthesized. Risks of biases were assessed using domains of the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Results Social support in PCCs is conceptualized as (a) perceived availability and satisfaction with social support and (b) social support seeking as a coping strategy. Parents of children with cancer report receiving as much or more support than typical adults, but PCCs engage in less social support seeking. Family and significant others are the most prevalent sources of support, and emotional support is the most received type of social support. Social support is positively related to well-being and negatively related to distress, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Findings related to social support differences based on parent and child unique factors were minimal and present opportunities for future research. The risk of bias was generally low, with caution that most studies cannot demonstrate directionality of findings due to cross-sectional study designs. Conclusions Given the consistent positive association between social support and well-being in PCCs, clinicians should assess and encourage social support for this vulnerable population.
Ischemic Alterations in Mitochondrial Calcium Transport Kinetics

Cardiac function and energetics are intimately linked to an extracellular source of activator calcium. The levels of cytosolic free calcium available to the contractile proteins are precisely regulated by a variety of ion pump and channel proteins present in the cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Low to moderate levels of calcium entry across the sarcolemma results in positive inotropy with increases in systolic pressure. However, further increase in calcium influx has only modest effects on systolic function, and diastolic pressure becomes elevated. High concentrations of cell calcium reduce systolic pressure from its optimal levels and increase diastolic pressure even more. It is now believed that the calcium-dependent “diastolic tonus” results from calcium loading and spontaneous release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Lakattaet al., 1986). Therefore, calcium appears to play a central role in aberrant cardiac function. In model studies of cardiac disease, accumulation of cellular calcium following 30 min of ischemia with reflow is also associated with a large change in diastolic pressure and low rates of systolic pressure development (Burtonet al., 1986). Both conditions are diagnostic of a high calcium load. The sequence of events which leads to postischemic calcium entry is not well defined; however, an observed ischemic increase in intracellular sodium is thought to activate sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchange with large increases in cellular calcium influx (Grinwald, 1982). Decreases in sarcolemmal Na+ ,K+ -ATPase activity in early ischemia (Bersohnet al., 1982) could be the basis for the increases in intracellular Na+ . However, other investigators observed only small changes in activity associated with irreversible cell injury (Schwartzet al., 1973). Calcium overload during reperfusion of reversibly injured, acutely ischemic tissue could explain the prolonged contractile abnormalities which accompany the reperfusion period (McMillin-Woodet al., 1979).
Evaluation of an initiative to reduce radiation exposure from CT to children in a non-pediatric-focused facility

We would like to share our experience of reducing pediatric radiation exposure. Much of the recent literature regarding successes of reducing radiation exposure has come from dedicated children's hospitals. Nonetheless, over the past two decades, there has been a considerable increase in CT imaging of children in the USA, predominantly in non-pediatric-focused facilities where the majority of children are treated. In our institution, two general hospitals with limited pediatric services, a dedicated initiative intended to reduce children's exposure to CT radiation was started by pediatric radiologists in 2005. The initiative addressed multiple issues including eliminating multiphase studies, decreasing inappropriate scans, educating referring providers, training residents and technologists, replacing CT with ultrasound or MRI, and ensuring availability of pediatric radiologists for consultation. During the study period, the total number of CT scans decreased by 24 %. When accounting for the number of scans per visit to the emergency department (ED), the numbers of abdominal and head CT scans decreased by 37.2 and 35.2 %, respectively. For abdominal scans, the average number of phases per scan decreased from 1.70 to 1.04. Upon surveying the pediatric ED staff, it was revealed that the most influential factors on ordering of scans were daily communication with pediatric radiologists, followed by journal articles and lectures by pediatric radiologists. We concluded that a non-pediatric-focused facility can achieve dramatic reduction in CT radiation exposure to children; however, this is most effectively achieved through a dedicated, multidisciplinary process led by pediatric radiologists.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Pressure Differentials for Clean and Loaded Wire Meshes Used in Zeolite Retention

Following failure of the carbon dioxide removal assembly (CDRA) on the ISS, a CDRA teardown, test, and evaluation (TT&E) effort found that the sorbent material was not retained as intended by the packed beds and that presence of the sorbent in the check valve and selector valve was the cause of the failure of these components. This paper documents the development of design data for an in-line filter element. The purpose of the in-line filter is to provide temporary protection for on-orbit CDRA hardware until the bed retainment system can be redesigned and replaced.
Reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV in poor countries.

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has devastated many countries, reversing national development, widening the gap between rich and poor people, and pushing already stigmatised groups closer to the margins of society.1 It has killed millions of people, decimated families and communities, and adversely affected the lives of hundreds of millions. AIDS stands to kill more than half the young adults in the most severely affected countries.1 By the end of 2001 an estimated 65 million people worldwide had been infected with HIV—25 million had died and 40 million were living with HIV or AIDS, most of whom have no access to the lifesaving drugs available in industrialised countries.1 Countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South and South East Asia are the worst affected (fig 1). Fig 1. Global distribution of adults and children living with HIV or AIDS at end of 2001 The pandemic continues its relentless spread—about 14 000 people are infected each day. This article describes the impact on health and the economic and social impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in poor countries, discusses the many factors that promote the heterosexual transmission of HIV, highlights successes around the world in preventing infection, and outlines some of the challenges for the future. #### Summary points Almost all (95%) of new infections of HIV are in the world's poor countries Without access to antiretroviral drugs, most of the 40 million people currently living with HIV will die Heterosexual transmission is responsible for most HIV infections in poor countries Programmes to change behaviour and promote condoms and treatment of sexually transmitted infections are effective in preventing the spread of HIV Large scale prevention efforts have been successful in only a few countries, mainly because of inadequate resources and lack of international commitment Antiretroviral drugs reduce viral load in blood and consequently in genital fluids and …
Prior treatment does not influence the performance or early outcome of per-oral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia.

Introduction Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an emerging treatment for achalasia. Pneumatic dilation, botulinum toxin injection, and previous myotomy increase the difficulty of subsequent Heller myotomy, but their impact on POEM remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare patients who had undergone prior treatment for their achalasia to those undergoing POEM as an initial therapy.
Evidence for a nicotinic receptor in the sinus node

The sinus node of the guinea pig was perfused in vitro and potassium uptake was studied in the absence and in the presence of several nicotinic agonists and antagonists. The following results were obtained: (1) the decrease in K uptake caused by a low (10(-9)M) concentration of acetylcholine was changed to an increase when acetylcholine was given in the presence of nicotinic blockade; (2) a small concentration (10(-10)M) of atropine potentiated the decrease in K uptake induced by a low concentration of acetylcholine and 10(-8)M atropine abolished it: (3) a small concentration of nicotine (10(-10)M) decreased K uptake; (4) 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) did not modify K uptake; (5) the lack of effect of DMPP was not affected by hexamethonium; (6) trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) decreased K uptake; and (7) the inhibitory effect of TMPA was abolished by decamethonium. It is concluded that a nicotinic receptor in the sinus node mediates the inhibitory action of a low concentration of acetylcholine on K uptake.
Emplacement of the 1907 Mauna Loa basalt flow as derived from precision topography and satellite imaging

Abstract An eruption in January of 1907, from the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa, produced a substantial lava flow field. Satellite images and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) survey data, along with observations and photographs from the field, are combined to provide a new perspective on the 1907 eruption. Boundaries of the flow field from the satellite data, combined with field measurements of flow thickness, indicate an area of 25.1 km2 and a volume of 86.6 million m3. The eastern lobe of the flow field covers an area of 13.1 km2, with a volume of 55.0 million m3, and was emplaced with an average effusion rate of 119 m3/s (at least, for the upper portion of the lobe). Ten DGPS topographic profiles across the eastern lobe aid in distinguishing the characteristics of, and transitions between, the zones identified during the emplacement of the 1984 Mauna Loa flow. Several subdivisions have been built directly on top of or adjacent to the 1907 lava flow. The strong likelihood of future eruptions from the Mauna Loa southwest rift zone makes these housing developments of particular importance for assessments of potential volcanic hazards.
On Q: Causing Quality In Higher Education

(1993). On Q: Causing Quality in Higher Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 610-612.
Quantum unconfined Stark effect in a GaAs single quantum well: An optical-constant model.

A theoretical model for high-field electroabsorption in a single GaAs quantum well (QW) is presented. Electron and hole properties are modeled with a transfer-matrix technique which includes the nonparabolicity of the energy bands. This model adequately reproduces the coupling between quasibound and continuum states resulting from the influence of a large transverse electric (TE) field on a QW with a finite barrier height. The absorption coefficient has been calculated by the program OPCONS for the TE mode in the QW structure for electric fields ranging from 100 to 500 kV/cm
Phosphorus Chemical Shift Tensors of Phosphole Derivatives Determined by 31P NMR Spectroscopy of Powder Samples

The results of a systematic solid-state 31P NMR study of 5-phenyldibenzophosphole, DBP, its chalcogenides, and some of its transition metal complexes are reported. Phosphorus chemical shift tensors have been obtained from 31P NMR spectra of stationary samples and of samples spinning about the magic angle. The spans of the phosphorus chemical shift tensors for DBP and its chalcogenides are comparable to those of the corresponding compounds of triphenylphosphine; however, the asymmetry of the tensors for the DBP series reflects the reduced local symmetry at phosphorus. For the complexes (DBP)M(CO)5 and cis-(DBP)2M(CO)4, where M is a group 6 transition metal (Cr, Mo, W), the most shielded component of the phosphorus shift tensor is found to be relatively independent of the metal or complex, δ33 = −41 ± 8 ppm, and is thought to lie along or close to the P−M bond axis direction. In contrast, δ11 and δ22 show considerable variation but decrease systematically on descending the group from Cr to W. Group 10 metal...
Sports Journalism as Moral and Ethical Discourse

This paper explores the marginalized practice of sportswriting to demonstrate the limited ways in which the question “who is a journalist?” has been answered within the profession. Following John Dewey and Raymond Williams, we offer an alternative view of democratic culture that values narrative as well as information. We also discuss how “New Journalists” (and other writers since), in their quest for fresh, sophisticated storytelling strategies, turned to sports as a cultural activity worthy of serious examination. Our goal is to demonstrate that sportswriting fundamentally resembles other forms of reporting and that journalism should not use sports as an ethical straw man against which to defend the virtue of its serious work. This suspension of our usual ethical judgments would deepen our sense of the moral significance of sportswriting and allow us to rethink journalism's relation to democratic culture in productive new ways.
Stress-induced consumption of ethanol by rats

Abstract The natural aversion of rats to ethanol was overcome by subjecting rats to immobilization stress for a two-week period during which increasing concentrations of ethanol were offered in the drinking water. The rats subjected to this regimen consumed 47% of total calories as ethanol, indefinitely, following removal of the stress. Ethanol was consumed at a rate of 17.1 g/kg body weight along with sufficient stock diet to assure adequate nutrition in the absence of ethanol.