cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structures of Dimeric Iron(III)-Oxo and -Imido Complexes Containing Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds.

Hydrogen bonding networks proximal to metal centers are emerging as a viable means for controlling secondary coordination spheres. This has led to the regulation of reactivity and isolation of complexes with new structural motifs. We have used the tridenate ligand bis[( N ′- tert -butylureido)- N -ethyl]- N -methylaminato ([H 2 1 ] 2− ) that contains two hydrogen bond donors to examine the oxidation of the Fe II –acetate complex, [Fe II H 2 1 (η 2 -OAc)] − with dioxygen, amine N -oxides, and xylyl azide. A complex with Fe III –O–Fe III core results from the oxidation with dioxygen and amine N -oxides, in which the oxo ligand is involved in hydrogen bonding to the [H 2 1 ] 2− ligand. A distinctly different hydrogen bonding network was found in Fe III dimer isolated from the reaction with the xylyl azide: a rare Fe III –N(R)–Fe III core was observed that does not have hydrogen bonds to the bridging nitrogen atom. The intramolecular H-bond networks within these dimers appear to adjust to the presence of the bridging species and rearrange to its size and electron density.
Oxidation of apolipoprotein(a) inhibits kringle‐associated lysine binding: The loss of intrinsic protein fluorescence suggests a role for tryptophan residues in the lysine binding site

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density lipoprotein complex consisting of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] disulfide-linked to apolipoprotein B-100. Lp(a) has been implicated in atherogenesis and thrombosis through the lysine binding site (LBS) affinity of its kringle domains. We have examined the oxidative effect of 2,2'-azobis-(amidinopropane) HCl (AAPH), a mild hydrophilic free radical initiator, upon the ability of Lp(a) and recombinant apo(a), r-apo(a), to bind through their LBS domains. AAPH treatment caused a time-dependent decrease in the number of functional Lp(a) or r-apo(a) molecules capable of binding to fibrin or lysine-Sepharose and in the intrinsic protein fluorescence of both Lp(a) and r-apo(a). The presence of a lysine analogue during the reaction prevented the loss of lysine binding and provided a partial protection from the loss of tryptophan fluorescence. The partial protection of fluorescence by lysine analogues was observed in other kringle-containing proteins, but not in proteins lacking kringles. No significant aggregation, fragmentation, or change in conformation of Lp(a) or r-apo(a) was observed as assessed by native or SDS-PAGE, light scattering, retention of antigenicity, and protein fluorescence emission spectra. Our results suggest that AAPH destroys amino acids in the kringles of apo(a) that are essential for lysine binding, including one or more tryptophan residues. The present study, therefore, raises the possibility that the biological roles of Lp(a) may be mediated by its state of oxidation, especially in light of our previous study showing that the reductive properties of sulfhydryl-containing compounds increase the LBS affinity of Lp(a) for fibrin.
Antagonist-type interaction of glucocorticoids with the GABA receptor-coupled chloride channel

The interaction of glucocorticoids, corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone, and their reduced metabolites with t-[35S]-butyl bicyclo-phosphorothionate (TBPS) binding sites was examined in vitro. At physiologically relevant concentrations glucocorticoids alter TBPS binding in a biphasic manner. At low nanomolar concentrations glucocorticoids potentiate TBPS binding (20-50% above control) and at high nanomolar and micromolar concentrations they slightly reduce it. The enhancement of TBPS binding by glucocorticoids is due to an increase in the apparent affinity and density of TBPS recognition sites and qualitatively resembles the action of bicuculline methiodide, to potentiate TBPS binding (150% above control). These findings suggest that glucocorticoids may play an important role in modulating neuronal excitability via interactions with the GABA receptor/chloride ionophore complex.
The effect of hypoxia on monoamine levels in discrete regions of aged rat brain.

Abstract Aged rats were exposed to 10% oxygen for 2, 13, and 36 hr. Norepinephrine levels in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum, ponsmedulla and dopamine levels in striatum were determined after each exposure. While there was no significant change in monoamine levels in brain regions after 2 hr, norepinephrine concentration in hypothalamus and midbrain decreased significantly after 13 hr of hypoxia. After 36 hr in a hypoxic environment, levels of the monoamines in brain regions were similar to the controls. This would suggest NE metabolism is most vulnerable to hypoxia in two regions of the aged brain. The precise mechanism of these changes is unknown, but they suggest both a vulnerability and an adaptive recovery of central adrenergic metabolism by the aged brain under hypoxia.
The multiparameter remote measurement of rainfall

The measurement of rainfall by remote sensors is investigated. One parameter radar rainfall measurement is limited because both reflectivity and rain rate are dependent on at least two parameters of the drop size distribution (DSD), i.e., representative raindrop size and number concentration. A generalized rain parameter diagram is developed which includes a third distribution parameter, the breadth of the DSD, to better specify rain rate and all possible remote variables. Simulations show the improvement in accuracy attainable through the use of combinations of two and three remote measurables. The spectrum of remote measurables is reviewed. These include path integrated techniques of radiometry and of microwave and optical attenuation.
The use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery bypass graft patency

In a preliminary evaluation of the use of dynamic computed tomography (CT) for the detection of patent aortocoronary bypass grafts, 30 patients were scanned either during the early postoperative peroid or after graft patency was determined by angiography. To visualize the proximal grafts, CT scans were taken through the aortic root following an intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium. Patent bypass grafts to the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries were demonstrated in 77.5%, while posterior grafts to the circumflex and obtuse marginal coronary arteries were detected in 40%. With its pontential for extracting dynamic events, CT scanning provides a new, noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of patent bypass grafts, which heretofore have only been visualized by selective angiography.
Robotic Vs Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy: 44-Month Pelvic Floor Outcomes

Objective To evaluate longer-term clinical outcomes after robotic vs abdominal sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Material and Methods This was a retrospective cohort assessment of women undergoing either robotic or abdominal sacrocolpopexy between March 2006 and October 2007. Pelvic floor support was measured using Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) examination, and pelvic floor function was assessed via validated questionnaires, including the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7), and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Results The analysis included 51 subjects: 23 robotic and 28 abdominal. Mean time since surgery was 44.2 ± 6.4 months. Postoperative POP-Q improved similarly from baseline in both the robotic and abdominal groups: C (−8 vs −7), Aa (−2.5 vs −2.25), Ap (−2 vs −2) (all P >.05 based on route of surgery). Pelvic floor function also improved similarly in both groups: PFDI-20 (61.0 vs 54.7), PFIQ-7 (19.1 vs 15.7), with high sexual function PISQ-12 (35.1 vs 33.1) (all P >.05 based on route of surgery). Two mesh exposures occurred in each group for a rate of 8% and 7%, respectively. Conclusion Robotic sacrocolpopexy demonstrates similar long-term outcomes compared with abdominal sacrocolpopexy. The robotic approach offers an effective treatment alternative to abdominal sacrocolpopexy for the lasting treatment of advanced POP.
Building a culture of best practice

When consumers enter a health care system, they expect their or their loved one's care to be of the highest quality based on best practices. However, best practice does not happen without careful, purposeful cultivation. To build an organizational culture of best practice, the focus of all personnel from administrators to volunteers must be to foster an environment in which care is based on the best available research (i.e., evidence), interpreted through the skills, knowledge, and judgment of competent clinicians, combined with patient desires to bring about quality outcomes (i.e., evidence-based practice [EBP]). 1 Best practice occurs within a context of caring and thereby results in collaborative clinical decision-making that leads to the highest quality outcomes for patients and their families. 1
Disease and Labor Productivity

Excerpt from introduction: Our object in this paper is both to advance the understanding of the quantitative impact of parasitic diseases on output and to improve on the theoretical framework within which such estimates are made for any disease and in any region. While the study examines the productivity effects of five parasitic diseases-schistosomiasis, Ascaris (ascariasis), Trichuris (trichuriasis), Strongyloides (strongyloidiasis), and hookworm infection we have focused on schistosomiasis, which has been called the "unconquered plague." Schistosomiasis is estimated to afflict more than 100 million persons throughout wide areas of predominantly less developed countries of the tropical world; 1 and, ironically, it threatens to become still more widespread as a result of developmental efforts such as water conservation and irrigation projects, which extend habitats for the intermediate snail host of the disease. Although schistosomiasis is the subject of a large and expanding research effort aimed at finding efficient control methods, this disease, like the other four parasitic infections discussed here, is seldom directly implicated as a cause of death, and its human costs are not well understood.
Lamotrigine in patients with epilepsy and comorbid depressive symptoms.

Abstract Purpose This open-label study evaluated the antidepressant qualities of lamotrigine (LTG) in people with epilepsy. Methods Eligible patients exhibited low to moderate depressive symptoms and required a change in antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy, but were excluded if they had a major depressive disorder (MDD). Lamotrigine was added onto a stable AED regimen, and self-report instruments were administered to evaluate changes in mood states. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, at the end of 19 weeks of adjunctive treatment, and 36 weeks following conversion to monotherapy. Results One hundred and fifty-eight patients with epilepsy participated; 96 patients completed adjunctive treatment, and 66 patients completed monotherapy. Intent-to-treat analyses for all instruments showed improvement in depression scores after adjunctive LTG treatment. Improvement was maintained for those converted to monotherapy. Conclusions These data suggest that LTG may have antidepressant activity for patients with epilepsy and comorbid low to moderate depressive symptoms, and warrant a randomized controlled trial for validation.
Ultrastructural Evidence for Nephropathy Induced by Long-Term Exposure to Small Amounts of Methyl Mercury

A low dose of methyl mercuric chloride fed to female rats for 12 weeks caused extrusion of numerous cytoplasmic masses from kidney proximal tubule cells of the pars recta segment. These masses were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of a smooth endoplasmic reticulum aggregate. The in vivo metabolism of methyl mercury to inorganic mercury may produce this effect and account for the proteinuria observed in persons occupationally exposed to organic mercury compounds.
The effect of chronic phenobarbital administration on some hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in the rat.

Abstract Prolonged administration of phenobarbital produces an increase in hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in some animals. Burns and Conney1 gave phenobarbital to dogs for 2 months and found enhanced metabolism of phenylbutazone for as long as 6 weeks after cessation of therapy. In a similar study, Remmer et al.2,3 noted that canine microsomal enzyme activity, with hexobarbital and aminopyrine as substrates, remained elevated for 2 to 4 months after stopping a 2–3-month course of phenobarbital treatment. A single overdose of hypnotics in man can enhance 4-aminoantipyrine production from Novalgin for as long as 15 days.2 The activity of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver during and after chronic phenobarbital administration has not been studied. Using rats, Orrenius and Ernster4 have shown that formation of formaldehyde from aminopyrine falls to control levels within 6 days after short-term administration of phenobarbital (every day for 5 days). In view of this, four microsomal drug-metabolizing pathways were measured in livers from rats given phenobarbital for varying periods of time up to 2 months. A plateau in rate of hexobarbital metabolism was reached during the treatment with phenobarbital, and a rapid decline in enzyme activity was observed after stopping this treatment.
Structure of Wind-Driven Equatorial Currents in Homogeneous Oceans

Abstract The properties of wind-driven equatorial currents in homogeneous oceans are investigated for variable wind stresses and variable eddy viscosities. In the case of a uniform westward stress, the calculated cross-stream and depth variations of the undercurrent are found to be in qualitative agreement with observations for a suitable constant value of the eddy viscosity. When the stress has a cross-equatorial component, the undercurrent is displaced slightly upwind of the equator but preserves its boundary-layer character, including the vorticity discontinuity due to the juxtaposition of water particles with different histories. The currents produced by pure north-south wind stresses are in qualitative agreement with Indian Ocean observations in the southwest and northeast monsoon regimes. An eastward wind stress produces an inertial equatorial current rising to a maximum at the surface. The current becomes extremely strong for moderate viscosities and probably unstable. This may account for the abse...
The Outcome of Parent Training Using the Behavior Management Flow Chart with a Mother and Her Twin Boys with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACT The outcome of parent training, using the Behavior Management Flow Chart, on mother behavior and on the disruptive behavior of her monozygotic twin boys with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was evaluated. Direct observation, telephone interviews, and standardized rating scales showed that parent training reduced oppositional and aggressive child behavior, improved parenting behavior, and reduced maternal stress. A 6-month follow-up revealed stable outcomes. The results are consistent with prior research on behavioral parent training with the Behavior Management Flow Chart. Analyses of the data reveal how the twin boys individually responded to the parent training program and how the mother interacted with her sons differently.
The origin of SNC meteorites - An alternative to Mars

The possibility that certain very young meteorites originated as impact melts on a large asteroid or asteroids is investigated. Calculations of the thermal evolution of impact melt show that the solidification time should be long enough to produce igneous or quasi-cumulate textures within rocks if the crater is large enough and if the initial clast concentration is low, at least in some portion of the melt sheet. The number of collisions within the asteroid belt which would produce craters of the requisite size is calculated. Using an estimate of the current size distribution of asteroids, it is found that over 3000 such collisions should have occurred during the lifetime of the solar system. Excavation and ejection of the solidified melt by a subsequent impact would be dynamically easy because of the low escape velocities of even the largest asteroids but improbable because of the depth that must be sampled. A second, sufficiently large impact is rare, so only the products of one such double event have been obtained up to now.
Proceedings in Atmospheric Electricity

It is widely accepted that atmospheric electricity is a fundamental discipline of great importance; it is equally true that progress in some parts of this field has been erratic. It has frequently attracted bright young people who have left for “hotter” areas. Specifically, it supplied much of the talent in cosmic ray physics, and, more recently, the field was decimated by the literally greener pastures in space science. Still, there remains a hard core of serious workers who are convinced of the ultimate scientific importance of their field including relevance to other areas (meteorology, space science, and possible relationships between them).
The Impact of Seeding, Home Continent, and Hosting on FIFA World Cup Results

Every 4 years, Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) organizes one of the largest sporting events in the world, the soccer (football) World Cup tournament. Successful players, teams, and national soccer federations are the recipients of significant financial returns, both directly from FIFA and indirectly through professional and endorsement contracts. The structure of this tournament is such that playing on one's own continent and being a seeded team have significant effects on World Cup success. Specifically, we estimate that the ``continental effect'' increases a team's probability of reaching the final eight by 12% points, whereas being seeded increases one's probability of making the quarterfinals by 26% points.
Determination of Moisture, Protein, Fat, and Calories in Raw Pork and Beef By Near Infrared Spectroscopy

The near infrared (NIR) (1100–2500 nanometers) of raw pork and raw beef samples was determined on a Neotec Model 6350 Scanning Spectrocomputer. Spectral curves were correlated with moisture, protein, fat, and calorie data determined by standard methods. A stepwise multiple regression technique was used to determine the optimum wavelengths for predicting each constituent. Correlation coefficients were ≫ 0.987 for moisture, fat, and calories and 0.885 for protein. The coefficients of variation for each of the nutrients were ≪ 3.46%.
Receipt of preventive health services by IBD patients is significantly lower than by primary care patients.

Background: Persons with chronic diseases often do not receive preventive care at the same rate as the general population. Reasons for this are not clear. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and controls to assess receipt of 10 preventive health services. Methods: From March through October 2006, IBD outpatients and primary care outpatients at the University of Kentucky (UK) were surveyed by trained clinicians, using chart data to augment patient response. A second sample of IBD patients from the University of Chicago was studied with a self-administered survey. Results: One hundred and seventeen IBD subjects were enrolled at UK, 125 IBD subjects were enrolled at UCH, and 100 control subjects were recruited from UK primary care clinics. The overall age-/sex-adjusted screening rate, as measured by the screening index, was significantly lower in UK IBD subjects than in UK controls (75.1% versus 83.9%, P = 0.0002). The UCH data showed a 67% overall age-/sex-adjusted screening rate. After adjusting for insurance status, the difference in screening rates was still lower for IBD patients than for controls (71% versus 78%; P = 0.022). Neither disease type nor disease control rating predicted screening rate. Conclusions: Our data suggest IBD patients do not receive preventive services at the same rate as general medical patients. Preventive care is a facet of global IBD management that deserves further study. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)
Allosensitization in patients receiving multiple blood transfusions

Extended antigen (C, E, K) matching decreased the incidence of alloantibody (alloAB) and autoantibody (autoAB) formation, in addition to eliminating transfusion reactions in the multiply transfused sickle cell disease patients. AlloAB formation possibly transforms the immune system into a hyperactive state leading to further and earlier alloAB and autoAB formation. However, additional CEK matching results in marked overuse of Rh-negative packed red blood cell (pRBC) units, 30 minutes' extra time of a skilled technologist, and 153 dollars extra CEK reagent cost per unit to find CEK-matched pRBCs for every transfusion for these multiply transfused patients.
PD-L1 regulates the development, maintenance, and function of induced regulatory T cells

Both the programmed death (PD) 1-PD-ligand (PD-L) pathway and regulatory T (T reg) cells are instrumental to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. We demonstrate that PD-L1 has a pivotal role in regulating induced T reg (iT reg) cell development and sustaining iT reg cell function. PD-L1(-/-) antigen-presenting cells minimally convert naive CD4 T cells to iT reg cells, showing the essential role of PD-L1 for iT reg cell induction. PD-L1-coated beads induce iT reg cells in vitro, indicating that PD-L1 itself regulates iT reg cell development. Furthermore, PD-L1 enhances and sustains Foxp3 expression and the suppressive function of iT reg cells. The obligatory role for PD-L1 in controlling iT reg cell development and function in vivo is illustrated by a marked reduction in iT reg cell conversion and rapid onset of a fatal inflammatory phenotype in PD-L1(-/-)PD-L2(-/-) Rag(-/-) recipients of naive CD4 T cells. PD-L1 iT reg cell development is mediated through the down-regulation of phospho-Akt, mTOR, S6, and ERK2 and concomitant with the up-regulation of PTEN, all key signaling molecules which are critical for iT reg cell development. Thus, PD-L1 can inhibit T cell responses by promoting both the induction and maintenance of iT reg cells. These studies define a novel mechanism for iT reg cell development and function, as well as a new strategy for controlling T reg cell plasticity.
Utilization of the sensor relationships in space power distribution system operations

A couple of features that are rather unique in space power system operational environments in comparison with their terrestrial counterparts make automated operations of the space power distribution systems particularly essential. A technique that can facilitate the automated operations of space power distribution systems is presented in this paper. The proposed technique utilizes the logical sensor relationships existing among the sensor values and a graph formulated from them, called the causal relations and the sensor redundancy graph respectively. The graph formulation enables one to systematically explore the embedded sensor redundancies in space power distribution systems and to maximize their utilizations in validating sensor values and fault diagnosis. Furthermore, fault locations can be identified with the physical ranges associated with the causal relations called the causal ranges. The robustness or the capability of a given sensor installation configuration whether it can still provide sufficient data under various sensor failure and system fault contingencies can also be checked. The effect of an addition or a deletion of a sensor on the overall sensor failure and fault detection capability can also be assessed, which can be helpful even from the space power system design stages. The proposed technique is currently being applied to the space power system test facilities installed at NASA. >
Coronary Artery Remodeling in a Model of Left Ventricular Pressure Overload Is Influenced by Platelets and Inflammatory Cells

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is usually accompanied by intensive interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, which may contribute to arrhythmogenic sudden cardiac death. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac fibrosis are incompletely understood. To investigate the role of perivascular inflammation in coronary artery remodeling and cardiac fibrosis during hypertrophic ventricular remodeling, we used a well-established mouse model of LVH (transverse aortic constriction [TAC]). Three days after pressure overload, macrophages and T lymphocytes accumulated around and along left coronary arteries in association with luminal platelet deposition. Consistent with these histological findings, cardiac expression of IL-10 was upregulated and in the systemic circulation, platelet white blood cell aggregates tended to be higher in TAC animals compared to sham controls. Since platelets can dynamically modulate perivascular inflammation, we investigated the impact of thrombocytopenia on the response to TAC. Immunodepletion of platelets decreased early perivascular T lymphocytes' accumulation and altered subsequent coronary artery remodeling. The contribution of lymphocytes were examined in Rag1−/− mice, which displayed significantly more intimal hyperplasia and perivascular fibrosis compared to wild-type mice following TAC. Collectively, our studies support a role of early perivascular accumulation of platelets and T lymphocytes in pressure overload-induced inflammation.
High Quality RTCVD Sidewall Spacer Dielectrics

Rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) has been investigated as an alternative to low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) for formation of sidewall spacer dielectric. Silane (SiH 4 ) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were chosen as the silicon gas sources in these studies. Reasonable deposition rates were obtained for RTCVD oxides, oxynitrides and nitrides for use in thin sidewall spacer application. Refractive index and etch rate measurements suggest that oxides deposited with a 2 % flow rate ratio of SiH 4 /N2O and annealed at 900 °C for 10 seconds produces films with excellent structural quality. Refractive index and wet etch rate both exhibit a linear dependence with the gas flow ratio. An increase in deposition pressure decreased the refractive index while increasing the etch rate. Oxide and oxynitride dielectrics formed using SiH 4 had a much superior step coverage over a wide range of aspect ratios than TEOS dielectrics. Dit and breakdown fields for oxides and oxynitrides with 3 atomic % nitrogen were comparable to that of thermal oxide indicating their good electrical quality. The results reported suggest that RTCVD sidewall spacers are a promising candidate for use in future MOSFET devices.
Balancing Career and Family

Even the most experienced psychologists have trouble balancing paid work and family, whether their work is in academia or in clinical practice, so undergraduates, graduate students, and interns have no reason to feel incompetent and inadequate if they have trouble doing the balancing act. We feel we are shortchanging our loved ones when we spend time on our studies or work, and we feel we are being insufficiently productive as students or workers because of spending time meeting family responsibilities—and even more when we notice that we are actually having fun with our partners, parents, or children. Spending any time meeting our other needs, such as going for a swim or reading a book of poetry or just sitting quietly and thinking, often makes us feel we are shirking both of our other sets of duties. This is the case for people of both sexes but is more common for women and for men who are not white, heterosexual, able-bodied, or doing what is considered to be “mainstream” work (Caplan, 1994).
Variations in the Anatomic Relations of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve Associated with Proximal Forearm Trauma

Background: The posterior interosseous nerve is at risk for iatrogenic injury during surgery involving the proximal aspect of the radius. Anatomic relationships of this nerve in skeletally intact cadavers have been defined, but variations associated with osseous and soft-tissue trauma have not been examined. This study quantifies the effect of a simulated diaphyseal fracture of the proximal aspect of the radius and of a radial neck fracture with an Essex-Lopresti injury on the posterior interosseous nerve. Methods: In twenty unembalmed cadaveric upper extremities, the distance from the radiocapitellar joint to the point where the posterior interosseous nerve crosses the midpoint of the axis of the radius (Thompson approach) was recorded in three forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation). Specimens were then treated with either proximal diaphyseal osteotomy (n = 10) or radial head excision with simulated Essex-Lopresti injury (n = 10), and the position of the nerve in each forearm position was remeasured. We evaluated the effect of the simulated trauma on nerve position and correlated baseline measurements with radial length. Results: In neutral rotation, the posterior interosseous nerve crossed the radius at a mean of 4.2 cm (range, 2.5 to 6.2 cm) distal to the radiocapitellar joint. In pronation, the distance increased to 5.6 cm (range, 3.1 to 7.4 cm) (p 0.50, p = 0.01). Diaphyseal osteotomy of the radius markedly decreased the effect of forearm rotation,asthechange innerve positionfrom supination topronation decreased from2.13±0.8cm to0.24±0.2cm(p= 0.001). Proximal migration of the radius following radial head excision was accompanied by similar magnitudes of proximal nerve migration in all forearm positions. Conclusions: Forearm pronation has minimal effect on posterior interosseous nerve position within the surgical window following a displaced diaphyseal osteotomy of the proximal aspect of the radius. The nerve migrates proximally toward the capitellum with proximal migration of the radius in all forearm positions following a simulated Essex-Lopresti lesion. Visualization and protection of the posterior interosseous nerve is recommended when operatively exposing the traumatized proximal aspect of the radius.
Methods and application of remote sensing to forecast wheat grain quality

The wheat grain quality and its influence were introduced, and the mechanism and methods to forecast grain quality were studied. Firstly, the leaf nitrogen content at anthesis stage was proved to be an indicator of grain protein content, and the spectral indices significant correlated to leaf nitrogen content at anthesis stage were the potential indictors for grain protein content. The vegetation index. VIgreen, derived from the spectral reflectance at green and red bands, was significant correlated to the leaf nitrogen content at anthesis stage, and also high significant to the final grain protein content. Secondly, the environment stress, such as irrigation, fertilization, temperature, had important influence on grain quality. The irrigation stress can increase grain protein content. The leaf water content depends on irrigation levels, therefore, the spectral indices correlated to leaf water content were also potential indictors for grain quality. The spectral reflectance at SWIR band and other water indices at seeding filling stage were proved to be high significant correlate to grain protein. Finally, the predicting models of grain protein content were built based on the transfer principle of leaf nitrogen content and the effect of irrigation stress
Daily food intake in relation to dietary energy density in the free-living environment: a prospective analysis of children born at different risk of obesity

Background: Young children adjust their short-term intake in response to variations in energy density (ED; kcal/g) from preloads in laboratory studies. It remains unknown whether this compensation also occurs under free-living conditions. Objective: The aims of the study were to test whether children aged 3-6 y regulate their habitual daily food (g) and energy (kcal) intakes in relation to ED and whether compensation differs for children born at different risk of obesity. Design: Participants were children born at high risk (n = 22) or low risk (n = 27) of obesity on the basis of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ). Daily ED, food intake, and energy intake were assessed from 3-d food records that either included or excluded beverages. Intake regulation was explored by relating children' daily food and energy intakes to ED and, more importantly, by examining residual scores derived by regressing daily food intake on ED. Results: For both risk groups, daily food intake was inversely correlated with ED (P 0.05). In analyses that excluded beverages, mean residual scores significantly increased from 3 to 6 y of age in high-risk children, which indicates relative overconsumption, but decreased in low-risk children, which indicates relative underconsumption (risk group X time interaction, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Children adjusted their daily food intake in relation to ED, which suggests caloric compensation under free-living conditions. Compensation ability may deteriorate with age in a manner that favors relative food overconsumption among obesity-prone children.
Extending integrated-circuit yield-models to estimate early-life reliability

The integrated yield-reliability model for integrated circuits allows one to estimate the yield, following both wafer probe and burn-in testing. The model is based on the long observed clustering of defects and the experimentally verified relation between defects causing wafer probe failures, and defects causing infant mortality failures. The 2-parameter negative binomial distribution is used to describe the distribution of defects over a semiconductor wafer. The clustering parameter /spl alpha/, while known to play a key role in accurately determining wafer probe yields, is shown, for the first time, to play a similar role in determining burn-in fall-out. Numerical results indicate that the number of infant mortality failures predicted by the clustering model can differ appreciably from calculations that ignore clustering. This is particularly apparent when wafer probe yields are low, and clustering is high.
Age-Associated Proinflammatory Secretory Phenotype in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From the Non-human Primate Macaca mulatta: Reversal by Resveratrol Treatment

There is increasing evidence that age-associated chronic low-grade inflammation promotes the development of both large-vessel disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease) and small-vessel pathologies (including vascular cognitive impairment) in older persons. However, the source of age-related chronic vascular inflammation remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that cell-autonomous mechanisms contribute to the proinflammatory changes in vascular phenotype that accompanies advancing age, we analyzed the cytokine secretion profile of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived from young (∼13 years old) and aged (∼21 years old) Macaca mulatta. Aged VSMCs cultured in the absence of systemic factors exhibited significantly increased secretion of interleukin-1β, MCP-1, and tumor necrosis factorα compared with young control cells. Secretion of interleukin-6 also tended to increase in aged VSMCs. This age-associated proinflammatory shift in the cellular secretory phenotype was associated with an increased mitochondrial O(2)(-) production and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation. Treatment of aged VSMCs with a physiologically relevant concentration of resveratrol (1 μM) exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects, reversing aging-induced alterations in the cellular cytokine secretion profile and inhibiting nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Resveratrol also attenuated mitochondrial O(2)(-) production and upregulated the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 in aged VSMCs. Thus, in non-human primates, cell-autonomous activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and expression of an inflammatory secretome likely contribute to vascular inflammation in aging. Resveratrol treatment prevents the proinflammatory properties of the aged VSMC secretome, an effect that likely contributes to the demonstrated vasoprotective action of resveratrol in animal models of aging.
Reconsidering ordered pairs

The well known Wiener—Kuratowski explicit definition of the ordered pair, which sets 〈 x, y〉 = { {x } , {x, y } }, works well in many set theories but fails for those with classes which cannot be members of singletons. With the aid of the Axiom of Foundation, we propose a recursive definition of ordered pair which addresses this shortcoming and also naturally generalizes to ordered tuples of greater length. There are many advantages to the new definition, for it allows for uniform definitions working equally well in a wide range of models for set theories. In ZFC and closely related theories, the rank of an ordered pair of two infinite sets under the new definition turns out to be equal to the maximum of the ranks of the sets.
Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias with phentolamine.

Abstract Clinical experience with the use of phentolamine in the management of a variety of cardiac arrhythmias is described. Phentolamine is valuable in reducing or abolishing digitalis or nondigitalis-induced ventricular extrasystoles. It may prove valuable in treating second or three degree heart block of recent onset. These studies indicate that phentolamine warrants further study as an antiarrhythmic agent.
Investment in work and family roles: A test of identity and utilitarian motives.

This study compared identity and utilitarian motives as predictors of time investment in work and family roles, using structural equation modeling with a sample of 623 working men and women. We tested within-role and cross-role relationships as well as the reciprocal effects of time invested in one role on time invested in the other role. As predicted, identification with a role was positively related to time invested in that role. However, findings for role utility were more complex. Time investment was positively related to both the pleasure and displeasure associated with a role. These findings suggest that people not only seek pleasure from roles but also invest time coping with role displeasure. The cross-role findings supported resource drain and accommodation but not compensation as explanations of work-family linking mechanisms. Gender analyses suggested that, for men, increased work time investment reduced time devoted to family, but increased family time investment did not affect time devoted to work. However, for women, increased time investment in either work or family reduced time devoted to the other role. These findings suggest that men may have greater reserves of time from roles other than work and family that make it unnecessary for them to draw from work time to meet increased family demands. In recent years, the composition of the work force has undergone fun
Gene-interleaving patterns of synteny in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome: are they proof of an ancient genome duplication event?

Background Recent comparative genomic studies claim local syntenic gene-interleaving relationships in Ashbya gossypii and Kluyveromyces waltii are compelling evidence for an ancient whole-genome duplication event in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We here test, using Hannenhalli-Pevzner rearrangement algorithms that address the multiple genome rearrangement problem, whether syntenic patterns are proof of paleopolyploidization.
Enhanced EPR sensitivity from a ferroelectric cavity insert.

Abstract We report the development of a simple ferroelectric cavity insert that increases the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) sensitivity by an order of magnitude when a sample is placed within it. The insert is a hollow cylinder (length 4.8 mm, outside diameter 1.7 mm, inside diameter 0.6 mm) made from a single crystal of KTaO 3 , which has a dielectric constant of 230 at X-band (9.5 GHz). Its outside dimensions were chosen to produce a resonant frequency in the X-band range, based on electromagnetic field modeling calculations. The insert increases the microwave magnetic field ( H 1 ) at the center of the insert by a factor of 7.4 when placed in an X-band TM 110 cavity. This increases the EPR signal for a small (volume 0.13 μL) unsaturated nitroxide spin label sample by a factor of 64 at constant microwave power, and by a factor of 9.8 at constant H 1 . The insert does not significantly affect the cavity quality factor Q , indicating that this device simply redistributes the microwave fields within the cavity, focusing H 1 onto the sample inside the insert, thus increasing the filling factor. A similar signal enhancement is obtained in the TM 110 and TE 102 cavities, and when the insert is oriented either vertically (parallel to the microwave field) or horizontally (parallel to the DC magnetic field) in the TM 110 cavity. This order-of-magnitude sensitivity enhancement allows EPR spectroscopy to be performed in conventional high- Q cavities on small EPR samples previously only measurable in loop–gap or dielectric resonators. This is of particular importance for small samples of spin-labeled biomolecules.
Broadband characteristics of a dome-dipole antenna

There is great interest in designing a single antenna to operate from the low VHF band up to several GHz for both commercial and military applications. Commercial services such as WLAN and UMTS operate up to 5 GHz. Additionally, for military communications (SINGARS, UHF SATCOM, and EPLRS) the operational interest ranges from 30 to 3000 MHz (a 100:1 bandwidth). Conventionally, several radiators of various sizes and shapes are required to cover such a large bandwidth. It is, therefore, worthwhile to develop a single small aperture incorporating theses functionalities to reduce the complexity. Previous efforts focused on a low-profile inverted-hat antenna generating VP radiation over the horizon [1]. The discone [2] and double discone antennas [3] also exhibit large impedance bandwidths. However, their highest operational frequency is limited by the radiation pattern. That is, as the frequency increases, sidelobes becomes dominant. The focus of this work is to propose a design that also leads to a consistent dipole-like pattern over 140:1 bandwidth (100 MHz to greater than 14 GHz). A dipole prototype was also built and tested to avoid issues with finite ground planes. However, in practice a monopole configuration is likely to be employed.
Multisectoral Nutrition Interventions

The widespread and serious problems of malnutrition in developing countries are unquestionably the result of multiple causal factors. The fact that malnutrition, especially in developing countries, is to such a large extent a manifestation of poverty is sufficient to underscore the importance of multiple causation. In addition, I will be arguing that for the groups that are nutritionally most vulnerable—infants and small children and pregnant and lactating women—factors in addition to poverty are also of great importance.
Improved Radiotherapy Treatment Planning for Spinal Cord Tumors Using Gadolinium Enhanced MR Imaging

Primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors are frequently difficult to localize for radiation treatment planning. Conventional imaging techniques, including unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) scans, cannot clearly distinguish residual tumor from surrounding normal spinal cord. Recently, contrast agents have been developed for MR that have considerable promise for improving tumor volume definition. This report describes the impact of contrast-enhanced MR on the treatment planning process for four patients with primary spinal cord tumors and discusses the significance of this technique for patients with these neoplasms.
Temperature Dependence Of The Electrical Properties Of Epitaxial Caf2 Layers On Si(111) Summary Abstract

CaF2 is an insulator with a number of attractive properties for epitaxial growth on Si1 Epitaxial CaF2 layers have been grown on Si(111) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy and are found to have smooth surfaces and a high degree of crystalline perfection.1 For applications such as a gate insulator in metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors or in silicon-on-insulator technology, the electrical properties of these layers are also critical.
Impact of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supplies on the United States Chemical Manufacturing Industry: Production Cost Effects and Identification of Bottleneck Intermediates

A model of the United States petrochemical industry was constructed to explore the chemical manufacturing supply chains that will be impacted by changes in the price and availability of natural gas and natural gas liquids. Production costs of intermediate and end products (polymers, fertilizers, etc.) are impacted, for example, as shale gas production provides expanded primary feedstocks to the chemical industry at a lower cost than petroleum processing. The predicted impact of changes in natural gas and natural gas liquids prices on the production cost and energy intensity of intermediate and final end products is reported. In moving from a 2012 base level group of processes to a variety of long-term projected configurations of chemical manufacturing, acetaldehyde is identified as a potential bottleneck intermediate. Predicted production cost changes in intermediates, such as butadiene, and end products, such as polystyrene, are explored.
Radiometric and photometric design for an Acoustic Containerless Experiment System

The design of an optical system for a high temperature Acoustic Containerless Experiment System is examined. The optical system provides two-axis video, cine and infrared images of an acoustically positioned sample over a temperature range of 20 to 1200 C. Emphasis is placed on the radiometric and photometric characterization of the elements in the optical system and the oven to assist image data determination. Sample visibility due to wall radiance is investigated along with visibility due to strobe radiance. The optical system is designed for operation in Spacelab, and is used for a variety of materials processing experiments.
Predicting Designability of Small Proteins from Graph Features of Contact Maps.

Abstract Highly designable structures can be distinguished based on certain geometric graphical features of the interactions, confirming the fact that the topology of a protein structure and its residue–residue interaction network are important determinants of its designability. The most designable structures and least designable structures obtained for sets of proteins having the same number of residues are compared. It is shown that the most designable structures predicted by the graph features of the contact diagrams are more densely packed, whereas the poorly designable structures are more open structures or structures that are loosely packed. Interestingly enough, it can also be seen that the highly designable identified are also common structural motifs found in nature.
Induction of Sustained Hemopoiesis in Fatty Marrow

Evacuation of the fatty marrow cavity results in a sequence of regeneration which is associated with a phase of hemopoiesis. Hemopoietic activity is, however, transient, being replaced by adipose tissue, so that 6 mo after evacuation the marrow is once again fatty. This phase of transient hemopoiesis can be sustained by phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic stress. Hemolysis per se does not induce significant hemopoietic activity in nonevacuated totally fatty marrow.
Treatment of breast hypertrophy.

Breast hypertrophy is a term that is grossly descriptive and is not a specific pathologic entity. Various attempts to classify breast hypertrophy have contributed little to a better understanding of the process. The author’s breast reduction operation is presented.