cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assemblages non soudés dans les réacteurs nucléaires

Les reacteurs nucleaires utilisent peu d’assemblages non soudes. Il existe cependant quelques assemblages sans soudure qui concernent le circuit primaire des reacteurs LWR, tels que ceux de nos centrales francaises. Il s’agit essentiellement de trois types d’assemblage : le dudgeonnage, le frettage et le boulonnage. Les deux premieres techniques concernent respectivement le generateur de vapeur, les penetrations dans le couvercle, ou le fond de cuve et la pompe primaire. Elles sont toujours associees a un soudage ulterieur qui garantit l’etancheite. Il s’agit de composants essentiels au bon fonctionnement du reacteur. Les assemblages boulonnes concernent la pompe primaire, l’assemblage du couvercle de cuve avec la cuve, et les internes de cuve. Certains assemblages boulonnes sont plus sensibles aux phenomenes de corrosion sous tension voire pour les internes de cuve de corrosion sous tension assistee par irradiation.
Recommending privacy settings for IoT

As the rapid growth of IoT technologies, the demand to simplify the task of controlling privacy setting for IoT devices in a user-friendly manner becomes urgent. In this paper, we first present our existing works on recommending privacy settings for different IoT contexts. We use a data-driven approach to analyze how IoT users make decisions regarding the privacy settings of their devices and design intelligent user interfaces to reduce the complexity of managing privacy for IoT based on the insights gained from previous analysis. We then present our plan to evaluate the user experience of the new interfaces.
Pretreatment obesity prolongs survival in elderly patients (≥65 years) with head and neck cancer (HNC).

6052Background: Pre-treatment Body mass Index (BMI) is an important prognostic factor in HNC with variable survival benefit reported till date. Despite increasing incidence of HNC in geriatric pati...
Characterizing Direct-to-Consumer Stem Cell Businesses in the Southwest United States

There are currently hundreds of businesses across the United States offering direct-to-consumer stem cell treatments that have not been through regulatory approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we provide a detailed characterization of nearly 170 stem cell businesses operating in the Southwest United States. We draw specific attention to two as-yet understudied facets of these businesses. First, we identify differences in the degree to which a given business focuses their practice on stem cell treatments. Second, we compare the stated expertise of the care providers in stem cell businesses with the range of conditions they purport to treat. These findings deepen our knowledge of the growing industry around unapproved stem cell treatments, and are used here to offer suggestions for how the FDA might target its resources with respect to regulatory oversight.
Which Party Represents My Group? The Group Foundations of Partisan Choice and Polarization

While groups have been central to thinking about partisan identity and choices, there has been surprisingly little attention paid to the role of perceptions of the group composition of the parties. We explore this critical linking information in the context of religious groups, some of the chief pivots around which the parties have been sorting. Using three national samples, we show that perceptions of the religious group composition of the parties are often biased—evangelicals overestimate the presence of evangelicals within the Republican Party and the irreligious within the Democratic Party. The key finding is that individuals are far more likely to identify with the party in which they believe their group is well represented—a finding which clarifies the role of party image shifts in constructing partisanship, the limits of the culture war motif, and the importance of social perception in shaping beliefs about party representation.
5-hydroxymethylation signatures in plasma circulating cell-free DNA as markers for appendiceal and colorectal peritoneal metastasis.

195Background: Noninvasive tests for peritoneal metastasis (PM) detection lack sensitivity. Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on nanogram quantities of peripheral plasma circula...
Driveline Sepsis Presenting As Gout.

In patients with a history of gout, there could be a delay in diagnosis of a septic joint, which increases morbidity and mortality. The literature reports rare instances of coexistent gout and septic arthritis. We present a 64-year-old male with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, supported by a HeartWare ventricular assist device, who developed a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) driveline infection four months after device implant. He achieved suppression with minocycline 100 mg by mouth twice a day for five months before presenting to the emergency room with symptoms of gout. Joint aspirate was consistent with a diagnosis of MRSA as well as gout. The patient presented with typical symptoms of a percutaneous driveline infection: soreness at the exit site, erythema, and thick, purulent drainage. Wound culture of the driveline confirmed MRSA and guided antibiotic treatment. His presentation was unusual in that sepsis was identified only after he presented with septic arthritis, which led to the collection of blood cultures. He had no fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or hypotension. This case illustrates that unresolving gout symptoms after one treatment, in a patient with a known driveline infection, should be further evaluated for possible sepsis and septic arthritis. The patient's unusual presentation of sepsis caused difficulties in diagnosis and management. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a driveline infection seeding a joint and causing septic arthritis.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Paired Rehabilitation for Oromotor Feeding Problems in Newborns: An Open-Label Pilot Study

Neonates born premature or who suffer brain injury at birth often have oral feeding dysfunction and do not meet oral intake requirements needed for discharge. Low oral intake volumes result in extended stays in the hospital (>2 months) and can lead to surgical implant and explant of a gastrostomy tube (G-tube). Prior work suggests pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with motor activity accelerates functional improvements after stroke, and transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) has emerged as promising noninvasive form of VNS. Pairing taVNS with bottle-feeding rehabilitation may improve oromotor coordination and lead to improved oral intake volumes, ultimately avoiding the need for G-tube placement. We investigated whether taVNS paired with oromotor rehabilitation is tolerable and safe and facilitates motor learning in infants who have failed oral feeding. We enrolled 14 infants [11 premature and 3 hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)] who were slated for G-tube placement in a prospective, open-label study of taVNS-paired rehabilitation to increase feeding volumes. Once-daily taVNS was delivered to the left tragus during bottle feeding for 2 weeks, with optional extension. The primary outcome was attainment of oral feeding volumes and weight gain adequate for discharge without G-tube while also monitoring discomfort and heart rate (HR) as safety outcomes. We observed no adverse events related to stimulation, and stimulation-induced HR reductions were transient and safe and likely confirmed vagal engagement. Eight of 14 participants (57%) achieved adequate feeding volumes for discharge without G-tube (mean treatment length: 16 ± 6 days). We observed significant increases in feeding volume trajectories in responders compared with pre-stimulation (p < 0.05). taVNS-paired feeding rehabilitation appears safe and may improve oral feeding in infants with oromotor dyscoordination, increasing the rate of discharge without G-tube, warranting larger controlled trials.
Rspo2 antagonizes FGF signaling during vertebrate mesoderm formation and patterning

R-spondins are a family of secreted proteins that play important roles in embryonic development and cancer. R-spondins have been shown to modulate the Wnt pathway, however their involvement in other developmental signaling processes have remained largely unstudied. Here we describe a novel function of Rspo2 in FGF pathway regulation in vivo. Overexpressed Rspo2 inhibited elongation of Xenopus ectoderm explants and Erk1 activation in response to FGF. By contrast, the constitutively active form of Mek1 stimulated Erk1 even in the presence of Rspo2, suggesting that Rspo2 functions upstream of Mek1. The observed inhibition of FGF signaling was accompanied by the dowregulation of the FGF target genes tbxt/brachyury and cdx4 that mediate anterioposterior axis specification. Importantly, these target genes were upregulated in Rspo2-depleted explants. The FGF inhibitory activity was mapped to the thrombospondin type 1 region (TSP), contrasting the known function of the Furin-like domains (FU) in Wnt signaling. Further domain analysis revealed an unexpected intramolecular interaction that may control Rspo2 signaling output. We conclude that, in addition to its role in Wnt signaling, Rspo2 acts as an FGF antagonist during mesoderm formation and patterning.
Insulinoma-associated protein 1 immunostaining for various types of neuroendocrine tumors on FNA smears.

Background Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has recently emerged as a reliable nuclear immunostaining marker for detecting neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in paraffin-embedded surgical samples and cytologic cell blocks, but the reliability of INSM1 staining on cytologic smears is understudied. This study investigated the performance of INSM1 staining on cytologic smears for the detection of various NETs in comparison with chromogranin (CG) and synaptophysin (SYN). Methods INSM1, CG, and SYN were stained on cytologic smears of 70 NETs, including 20 pancreatic NETs, 10 lung carcinoid tumors, 11 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs), 10 medullary thyroid carcinomas, 10 Merkel cell carcinomas, 4 thymic atypical carcinoid tumors, and 5 olfactory neuroblastomas. The detection rate, the percentage of positive cells, and the staining intensity were recorded. Results The overall detection rate of INSM1 (94%) was higher than the rates of CG (79%) and SYN (89%). The detection rate of INSM1 was higher than the rates of CG and SYN in SCLC, Merkel cell carcinoma, and olfactory neuroblastoma; higher than the rate of CG and equal to the rate of SYN in pancreatic NETs and medullary thyroid carcinoma; equal to the rate of CG and higher than the rate of SYN in thymic atypical carcinoid tumors; and equal to the rate of CG and lower than the rate of SYN in lung carcinoid tumors. INSM1 staining was easier to interpret than CG and SYN staining, especially in high-grade NETs. Conclusions INSM1 can be reliably stained on cytologic smears and outperforms CG and SYN in the verification of clinically or radiologically suspected NETs.
Rikers Island: The Failure of a “Model” Penitentiary:

New York City’s Rikers jail complex is gripped by a crisis of legitimacy. Following a series of investigations, it has been denounced as a major symbol of criminal justice dysfunction, with calls f...
Sugar-alcohol@ZIF nanocomposites display suppressed phase-change temperatures

For the sake of water and energy conservation, development of latent heat cooling and thermal storage systems that minimize water consumption and operate with higher efficacy than their water-driven counterparts is a crucial task. Phase change materials (PCMs) present a potential solution, but their integration into real-world systems abounds with scientific challenges such as material toxicity, flammability, low thermal performance and lack of tunable phase-change temperatures. In this study we report on a first-in-class nanocomposite PCM that leverages non-flammable, non-toxic, high latent heat sugar alcohols (SAs) encapsulated within easy-to-synthesize zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) crystals. We also outline a practical route for surface functionalization with hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. The SA@ZIF composites display suppressed phase-change temperatures which, together with alterable surface functionality, broadens their applicability to a plethora of working environments. Direct synthesis of the SA@ZIF composite generates nanoconfined SAs with phase-change temperatures as low as 19.8 °C and latent heats as high as 285 J g−1. This nanoconfinement-induced thermal phenomenon is conserved even after functionalization of the SA@ZIF crystal surface. We believe this study will lay the groundwork as a platform for next generation high performing, tunable PCMs to aid in the realization of waterless cooling systems.
Quality of life in adults with achondroplasia in the United States

Studies examining quality of life (QoL) in adults with achondroplasia are limited. We report on QoL and psychiatric illness diagnoses in a modern cohort of adults with achondroplasia. SF-36 Health Survey scores from adults with achondroplasia were compared to general population scores. Demographics, physical measurements, and psychiatric illness diagnoses were recorded from medical records. The achondroplasia population had lower scores than the general population in all categories. Most people with achondroplasia (56%) had a diagnosed psychiatric illness. Those with a diagnosed psychiatric illness had lower scores in physical functioning, role limitations due to physical and emotional health, and mental health. Pain, energy/fatigue, and general health scale scores were roughly equivalent ( 15 points higher in individuals with psychiatric illness diagnoses. Adults with achondroplasia report significantly lower physical and mental well-being and had nearly 3× the rate of psychiatric illness diagnosis than the general population, highlighting the importance of total care for this population. Healthcare providers must understand the physical and mental comorbidities of achondroplasia, beyond short stature and orthopedic issues, so they can proactively improve QoL across the lifespan for patients and families.
Shifts in bacterial community in response to conservation management practices within a soybean production system

A 3-year field study was conducted to assess effects of two winter cover crops, Elbon rye (Secale cereal L.) and Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), under till and no till management, on bacterial community composition in soybean (Glycine max L.) field soils using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Effects of tillage and cover crop on bacterial composition at the phylum level were minor, with most significant differences between treatments occurring at finer taxonomic levels. Tilled plots displayed higher levels of Xanthomonadaceae, while cover cropped soils had greater Bradyrhizobium abundances. Functional gene prediction indicated that genes associated with decomposition of C and P compounds, as well as biocontrol agents, were elevated in tilled plots, genes associated with root growth promotion were elevated in cover crop treatments, and nitrate reductase and denitrification genes were elevated in both no till and cover crop plots. While valuable functional insights can be gained from sequence analyses, not all differences observed at the sequencing level will translate into functional differences due to variation in gene expression, and further study is needed to validate which functions can be predicted from sequencing data.
High-spatial-resolution nuclear-magnetic-resonance method for investigation of fluid distribution in whole cores

Abstract Low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been widely used in laboratories to investigate hydrocarbon and water in small core plugs to provide accurate petrophysical measurements and for calibration of downhole NMR logs. One fundamental limiting factor of current NMR technologies on large whole core is that the spatial resolution is limited by the length of the radio-frequency (r.f.) detection coil. In addition, the end effects of finite coil length can compromise the accuracy of NMR measurement when the core is longer than the coil. Herein a method is developed to overcome these problems to acquire high-spatial-resolution (HSR-) NMR data of the fluid in the long rock samples. The method is implemented by first conducting a series of NMR measurements in synchronization with a stepwise movement of the long sample through the NMR r.f. coil with the step increment equal to the desired spatial resolution. It then inverts the acquired data to obtain HSR-NMR results using a robust inversion algorithm. This new method provides a non-destructive measurement of fluid content with any desired spatial resolution and is especially useful for tight rock samples with short NMR relaxation times. The method is tested on 23 preserved whole cores from a source rock reservoir. The measured fluid distribution from the HSR-NMR method matches well with the fluid content from GRI method on the same sections of the preserved cores. In addition, the measured fluid distribution correlates well with the kerogen content along the cores with obvious lamination in the samples.
Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentivirus infection

Abstract Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocytes in HIV infection and mucosal tissues are limited. Our goal was to characterize granulocyte subsets in systemic, mucosal and lymphoid tissues during lentivirus infection using the rhesus macaque (RM) model. Mononuclear cells from jejunum, colon, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and whole blood from naive, and chronically SHIVsf162p3-infected RM were analyzed by microscopy and polychromatic flow cytometry. Granulocytes were identified using phenotypes designed specifically for RM: eosinophils – CD45+CD66+CD49d+; neutrophils – CD45+CD66+CD14+; and basophils – CD45+CD123+FcRe+. Nuclear visualization with DAPI staining and surface marker images by ImageStream (cytometry/microscopy) further confirmed granulocytic phenotypes. Flow cytometric data showed that all RM granulocytes expressed CD32 (FcRγII) but did not express CD16 (FcRγIII). Additionally, constitutive expression of CD64 (FcRγI) on neutrophils and FcRe on basophils, indicates the differential expression of Fc receptors on granulocyte subsets. Granulocytic subsets in naive whole blood ranged 25.4-81.5% neutrophils, 0.59-13.3% eosinophils and 0.059-1.8% basophils. Interestingly, elevated frequencies of circulating neutrophils, colorectal neutrophils, and colorectal eosinophils were all observed in chronic lentivirus disease. Conversely, circulating basophils, jejunal eosinophils, vaginal neutrophils, and vaginal eosinophils of SHIVsf162p3-infected RM declined in frequency. Overall, our data suggest modulation of granulocytes in chronic lentivirus infection, most notably in the gastrointestinal mucosae where significant inflammation and disruption occurs in lentivirus-induced disease. Furthermore, granulocytes may migrate to inflamed tissues during infection and could serve as targets of immunotherapeutic intervention.
Data Literacy Training for K–12 Teachers: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects on Teacher Outcomes:

This meta-analysis explores training teachers in the use of data, defined as any quantifiable information that helps teachers know more about their students for instructional decision-making. The q...
Unusual temperature-dependent reactivity of ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) borides with calcia-magnesia-alumina-silicate (CMAS)

Abstract The resistance of ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) borides to calcia-magnesia-alumina-silicate (CMAS) attack is evaluated for the first time. ZrB2 and HfB2 are reacted with 23 mol% of CMAS 1000 °C, 1300 °C and 1600 °C, respectively, for 1 h, 10 h and 100 h, respectively, in atmosphere. Interestingly, borides first oxidize before reacting with CMAS to form ZrSiO4 and HfSiO4, respectively, which peaks at 1300 °C. At 1600 °C, the reaction with CMAS to form HfSiO4 is greatly suppressed; moreover, ZrB2 exhibits only oxidation and no reaction with CMAS nor formation of ZrSiO4 or any other CMAS induced reaction product. This unusual inertness at temperatures above 1600 °C could enable new approaches to addressing the CMAS problem in thermal and environmental barrier coatings.
College students and financial distress: exploring debt, financial satisfaction, and financial anxiety

50 Introduction Financial mental health has recently become a growing topic of interest among researchers. However, practitioners have long been encountering clients who have financial problems that impact their cognitive, emotional, and relational well-being. The most recent research on the topic of financial mental health has been related to financial disorders and money scripts (Klontz, Britt, Archuleta, & Klontz, 2012; Klontz, Britt, Mentzer, & Klontz, 2011; Klontz, Kahler, & Klontz, 2008). Financial disorders that have been identified to date include: a) financial enabling, b) compulsive buying disorder, c) compulsive hoarding, d) pathological gambling, e) workaholism, f) financial dependence, g) financial infidelity, and h) financial enmeshment (Klontz et al., 2008; Klontz et al., 2011). Financial stress and anxiety can also be seen as aspects of financial mental health. Although sparse, research has linked financial stress and anxiety with college student debt (Grable & Joo, 2006; Joo, Grable, & Bagwell, 2003; Norvilitis et al., 2006; Perna, 2008). The current study explained the existing literature related to students’ financial mental health. More specifically, the purpose of the study was to explore the associations of students’ financial anxiety, in particular the influence of debt. College Students and Financial Distress: Exploring Debt, Financial Satisfaction, and Financial Anxiety
Erfahrungen aus 12 Jahren chirurgischer Versorgung von 286 paraösophagealen Hernien

Im Gegensatz zu axialen Hiatushernien sind paraosophageale Hernien selten und konnen zu chronischer Eisenmangelanamie und schweren akuten Komplikationen fuhren. Die Versorgung ist vielfaltig und einheitliche Standards fehlen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, unsere Erfahrungen an 286 Patienten mit paraosophagealen Hernien, die von 2003 bis 2014 im Klinikum Augsburg operiert wurden, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Morbiditat, Letalitat, Lebensqualitat und Rezidivrate zu schildern. In 12 Jahren wurden insgesamt 286 paraosophageale Hernien operiert, davon 255 Eingriffe elektiv laparoskopisch und 31 offen als Notfalleingriffe. Die obligate hintere Hiatoplastik wurde bei 138 Patienten (48 %) mit einem leichtgewichtigen Kunststoffnetz verstarkt, welches in 90 Fallen mit Fibrinkleber fixiert wurde. Die intraabdominelle Fixierung des Magens bestand neben einer Gastropexie in einer ventralen (n = 244) oder dorsalen (n = 42) Fundoplikation. Komplikationen traten bei 8,4 % der Patienten auf. Die mittlere Liegedauer der Elektiveingriffe betrug 5,3 (± 2,8) Tage, die der Notfalleingriffe 24,7 (± 17,8) Tage. Der gastrointestinale Lebensqualitatsindex nach Eypasch stieg von praoperativ 92,8 (± 22,5) signifikant auf 109,6 (± 20,2) im postoperativen Verlauf an (p < 0,001). 20 Patienten (7 %) erlitten operationspflichtige Rezidive, davon 7 Fruh- und 13 Spatrezidive. Wahrend unmittelbar postoperativ radiologisch festgestellte Fruhrezidive umgehend revidiert wurden, richtete sich die Strategie der Spartrezidive im Langzeitverlauf nach der Klinik: asymptomatische Hernien wurden konservativ, symptomatische Hernien operativ behandelt. Symptomatische Spatrezidive entwickelten 4,6 % unserer Patienten, wobei dies 7,4 % (11/148) der Patienten ohne und 1,4 % (2/138) mit primarer Netzversorgung betraf. An 286 Patienten konnte gezeigt werden, dass paraosophageale Hernien mit geringer Morbiditat und Letalitat versorgt werden konnen und das operative Ergebnis zu groser Patientenzufriedenheit fuhrt. Netzimplantationen reduzierten die Rezidivrate. Die Erfassung der Lebensqualitat ist ein gut geeigneter klinischer Verlaufsparameter bei der Beurteilung paraosophagealer Hernien.
Binding and activation of enzymic substrates by metal complexes : III. reactions of Mo(CO)2 [S2CN(C2H5)2]2

The complex Mo(CO)2L2 [L = S2CNEt2] reacts with acetylenes to yield both Mo(CO)(RC2R')L2 and Mo(RC2R')2L2, with diazenes giving Mo(RN2R')L2 and Mo(RC2R')2L2, with diazenes giving Mo(RN2R')L2 and Mo(RN2R')2L2, and with CO and PPh3 to form Mo(CO)3L2 and Mo(CO)2(PPh3)L2.
Adam Smith on Justice, Rights and Law

The article examines the theory of rights and law that Adam Smith presented in the 1760's in his University of Glasgow Lectures on Jurisprudence. It supplies an overview of an important and less-familiar text in the Smithian canon, explaining the pedagogic context for Smith's lectures on law and the manner in which this material served to revise and re-orientate the intellectual tradition of natural law theory (or "natural jurisprudence") to which it was designed to contribute. In addition, the article advances two major points for the general interpretation of Smith's moral and economic theory. The first is to display the pervasiveness of Smith's concern with the virtue of justice and its societal impacts, both in his formal moral philosophy and in his political economy. The second is to show the manner in which his Lectures on Jurisprudence provided the setting for Smith's first explorations of many central themes, later elaborated (and now better-known) in the Wealth of Nations.
FLUORESCENCE YIELDS OF THE LII AND LIII SHELLS IN HEAVY ELEMENTS

A method has been developed to measure the fluorescence yields of the ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$ subshells in many heavy elements. This method is closely related to the $K$ to $L$ x-ray coincidence measurements used to determine ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{KL}}$, the partial $L$ shell yield following $K$ x-ray emission. The fluorescence yield ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{KL}}$ is a linear combination of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{{L}_{\mathrm{II}}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{{L}_{\mathrm{III}}}$, the fluorescence yields of the ${L}_{\mathrm{II}}$ and ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$ subshells. The scintillation counters used to perform the coincidence experiments cannot separate the two components (${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}1}$ and ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}2}$) of the ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ x rays, and thus the experiment determines only the average fluorescence yield ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{KL}}$. There are a number of elements possessing $K$ absorption edges between the ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}1}$ and ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}2}$ x rays of the target materials. By using one of these elements as a secondary radiator, it is possible to eliminate all pulses in the $K$ x-ray counter due to ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}2}$ x rays. The only target x rays contributing to the coincidence rate are the ${K}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}1}$ x rays which are caused by ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K$ transitions. The observed coincidence rate is therefore proportional to ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{{L}_{\mathrm{III}}}$. Values of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{{L}_{\mathrm{II}}}$ can then be computed using previous measurements of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{KL}}$.
The Market Liquidty of Diamonds, Qubes, and Their Underlying Stocks

We investigate the market liquidity effects of the introduction of index-tracking stocks for the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DIAMONDS) and the NASDAQ 100 index (QQQ). Consistent with the general predictions of recent theoretical models, we find the two baskets have significantly lower liquidity costs over the first 50 days of trading than the portfolios of component stocks, primarily because of lower adverse selection costs. Further, our results show that even the liquidity of component stocks improves after the introduction of basket trading, again largely because of a decline in the cost of informed trading. Finally, the introduction of these baskets is followed by an increase in the volume and open interest of DJIA and NASDAQ 100 index futures contracts. Thus, we find the advent of portfolio trading generally improves the market liquidity of all assets.
Locating Type-1 UEPs via tracing the minimum energy path on the energy-like Lyapunov function

With the incorporation of the transmission line over-current tripping model into classical structure-preserving dynamic model, we consider our energy-like Lyapunov function established for power system as the atom-energy function used in molecular geometry optimization. In the literature for the first time we introduce the algorithms that trace minimum energy path to the direct method of Lyapunov in transient stability study of power systems. Specifically, we apply the climbing image nudged elastic band method in our study as an example and perform the first step energy analysis with the augmented dynamic model.
Motivating and Educating Adults to Exercise.

(1978). Motivating and Educating Adults to Exercise. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 13-17.
Deployment Cycle Stressors and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Army National Guard Women: The Mediating Effect of Resilience

This study examined the associations between deployment cycle stressors, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and resilience in Army National Guard (ARNG) women deployed to Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Resilience was also tested as a mediator. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that deployment and post-deployment stressors were positively associated, and resilience was negatively associated with PTSS. Resilience fully mediated the association between post-deployment stressors and PTSS. Findings suggest assessing deployment and post-deployment stressors in ARNG women may be helpful in identifying those at risk for severe PTSS; and highlight the potential of individual-level resilient characteristics in mitigating the adverse impact of post-deployment stressors.
Time Domain Analysis

In the frequency domain discussed in the previous chapter, a spectral approximation is used for an arbitrary second-order stationary time series ..., y -1, y 0, y 1,.... In the traditional approach, the variance components in the spectral approximation will be nonzero, thus there is little chance of developing a parsimonious model. (The model with measurement error is more promising in this regard.)
Chapter 26 – Preoperative Risk Assessment

Once a patient is diagnosed with prostate cancer, the decision to proceed with therapy and which therapy is an extremely complex one. Variables that factor into treatment decisions are inherent to the patient (comorbidity, life expectancy, preferences) and to their cancer (disease aggressiveness and potential for cure). Although most decisions are likely made based on physician and patient experiences and bias, objective predictive models based on pretreatment variables allow for more accurate predictions of prognosis and outcome. Pretreatment tools have been used with a variety of different goals including predicting pathologic outcomes, nonprostate-cancer related mortality, and biochemical and prostate-cancer-specific survival. To this end, there now exists an extensive list of predictive tools that can be used as decision aids after an initial diagnosis of prostate cancer. The focus of this chapter will be the most commonly used and studied pretreatment decision tools.
Change in junior high school students' AIDS-related knowledge, misconceptions, attitudes, and HIV-preventive behaviors: effects of a school-based intervention.

A school-based AIDS-prevention program for junior high school students was developed and implemented in an inner-city area in northern California that serves predominantly African-American and Asian students. The curriculum, taught by science teachers, consisted of twelve classroom sessions using both didactic and interactive exercises covering sex education, HIV biology, drug use, decision-making and refusal skills, and public response to AIDS and community resources. Changes from baseline of self-reported responses to questions on pre- and posttests concerning AIDS knowledge and misconceptions, tolerance toward persons with AIDS, and high-risk behaviors were compared between intervention and control schools. Students in the intervention schools had a significant increase in AIDS knowledge (p < .0001) and became more tolerant of people with AIDS (p < .001) compared with students in the control school. Changes in high risk behavior could not be detected, perhaps due to the small number of sexually active students (24% of the sample). Students who increased their AIDS knowledge (p < .0001) as a result of the intervention became more tolerant of people with AIDS. A school-based HIV-prevention curriculum, taught by trained classroom teachers, can modify middle adolescents' HIV-related knowledge about the casual transmission of HIV, and their attitudes toward persons with AIDS.
Is There Room for Plato in an Aristotelian Theory of Essence

Aristotle’s discussion of essence in Metaphysics, Z.6 continues his interest in earlier chapters in distinguishing different levels of things that have, an essence. The "Basic Argument" at the beginning of the chapter is based on “received” views and makes no distinction in levels. The Pale Man arguments immediately following deal with entities that are not primary and so have an essence in only a reduced sense; Aristotle argues (as he admits) unsuccessfully that such entities are not identical with their essence. In the "Elaboration of the Basic Argument" that immediately follows, he fixes on a class of items, Platonic Forms, that do count as primary, that enjoy an essence in the primary sense, and that are duly identical with their essences. On this last point, arguably, Aristotle is motivated by the thought that for any set of entities that are fundamental in a given ontology, to the question “what is the essence of this item?” the only possible answer must be: itself. It is argued that the resort to Platonism in the Elaboration of the Basic Argument does not undercut Aristotle’s arguments. In a fresh round of arguments, Aristotle connects a principle from the theory of "Izzing and Having" to show that if the identity of a Platonic Form with its essence fails, then impossibly, no forms will be known, and no essences will exist. The second application of uniformity on which this latter argument depends has been criticized, but Aristotle and Plato are allies against the charge of fallacy.
Evidence for a monophasic response in aldosterone and cortisol secretion to hemorrhage.

SummaryThe acute response in aldosterone and cortisol secretion in continuous progressive hemorrhage was studied in two series of dogs. In series A (N = 6), the animals were anesthetized, the catheters were inserted for collecting adrenal venous blood and recording pressure and the acute experiment was performed. In series B (N = 5), the adrenal venous catheter was placed 3 days before the acute experiment was done to minimize the effects of surgical stress on ACTH release and steroid secretion. In both series of animals, a clear-cut monophasic response to hemorrhage was observed for both aldosterone and cortisol secretion.
Multivariate and univariate analysis of infrared imaging data for high-throughput studies of NH3 decomposition and NOx storage and reduction catalysts

The application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging for the analysis of the reaction products from parallel reactors has been extended to the quantitative analysis of complex infrared (IR) spectra. Multivariate factor-based and univariate calibration models were developed to extract quantitative concentration information from highly overlapped IR spectra. The three multivariate factor-based models of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares 1 and 2 (PLS-1 and PLS-2) were employed. The effects of the number of coadded mirror scans used in the data collection and the number of factors used in the data analysis on the predictive ability of this multivariate approach were characterized. The effectiveness of these approaches is demonstrated through application to the high-throughput study of ammonia decomposition and NOx storage and reduction catalysts.
EPR studies of defects in electron-irradiated silicon: A triplet state of vacancy-oxygen complexes

Three new EPR spectra ($\mathrm{Si}\ensuremath{-}A14,\ensuremath{-}A15, \mathrm{and} \ensuremath{-}A16$) and two previously known spectra ($\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P2 \mathrm{and} \ensuremath{-}P4$) are observed for the first time in electron-irradiated silicon. The microscopic defect models are established as multivacancy-oxygen complexes with the oxygen(s) in Si-O-Si structure inside the 110g vacancy chain: a (divacancy plus oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}A14$, a (divacancy plus two oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P2$, a (trivacancy plus oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P4$, a (trivacancy plus two oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P5$, and a (trivacancy plus three oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}A15$. The number of vacancies in the 110g chain is determined from the zero-field fine structure and the number of oxygens from the evolutionary kinetics, with the $g$ tensor, $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ hyperfine structure, and stress response providing strong supportive evidence. It is emphasized that some of these oxygen-dependent defects play an important role as trapping centers for other point defects.
Three-dimensional Mathematical Model for Flow and Heat Transfer in Electric Glass Furnaces

A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed for calculating Joule heat release, glass flow, and heat transfer in electric glass furnaces. The model developed here allows for multiple electrodes, multiphase firing, and the feeding and withdrawal of molten glass. The model is fairly general with respect to the arrangement of the electrodes, the firing pattern, and the choice of boundary conditions, and it allows for the temperature dependence of the glass properties. The model was used to calculate electric potential, rate of heat release, flow pattern, and temperature distribution in the melting of flint and amber glasses in an all-electric melter with side-entering electrodes. Calculations were performed for the industrial conditions of pull, power, and electric firing scheme. The bulk glass temperature was found to be very uniform with large temperature gradients near the boundaries. The calculated flow pattern was in general quite complex, with several circulation loops. The temperature and max...
Annual and semiannual variations of the geomagnetic field at equatorial locations.

Abstract For a year of quiet solar-activity level, geomagnetic records from American hemisphere observatories located between about 0° and 30° north geomagnetic latitude were used to compare the annual and semiannual variations of the geomagnetic field associated with three separate contributions: (a) the quiet-day midnight level, MDT; (b) the solar-quiet daily variation, Sq ; (c) the quiet-time lunar semidiurnal tidal variation, L (12). Four Fourier spectral constituents (24, 12, 8, 6 h periods) of Sq were individually treated. All three orthogonal elements ( H , D and Z ) were included in the study. The MDT changes show a dominant semiannual variation having a range of about 7 gammas in H and a dominant annual variation in Z having a range of over 8 gammas. These changes seem to be a seasonal response to the nightside distortions by magnetospheric currents. There is a slow decrease in MDT amplitudes with increasing latitude. The Sq changes follow the patterns expected from an equatorial ionospheric dynamo electrojet current system. The dominant seasonal variations occur in H having a range of over 21 gammas for the 24 h period and over 12 gammas for the 12 h period spectral components. The higher-order components are relatively smaller in size. The Sq ( H ) amplitudes decrease rapidly with increasing latitude. Magnetospheric contributions to the equatorial Sq must be less than a few per cent of the observed magnitude. The L (12) variation shows the ionospheric electrojet features by the dominance of H and the rapid decrease in amplitude with latitude away from the equator. However, the seasonal variation range of over 7 gammas has a maximum in early February and minimum in late June that is not presently explainable by the known ionospheric conductivity and tidal behavior.
Call for Papers for the 1979 Annual Meeting of The American Dairy Science Association

The 74th Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association wil be held at Utah State University, Logan, June 24 -27 , 1979. All members of the Association are encouraged to present papers. Abstracts must be received by division or section chairman no later than March 1 for publication of titles and abstracts. Abstracts of papers for student competition should be accompanied by a letter of intent. Limit abstracts to no more than 200 words, 17 typed lines. Longer abstracts will be returned to the author(s). Type the original double-spaced on the form supplied by the ADSA Executive Secretary; submit original and one copy to the chairman of the division or section. Follow style and abbreviations of the Journal; refer to abstracts published in the May 1975 Journal for guidance. Indicate clearly in the title the nature of the research and abstract objectives, design, and major results. Make the data meaningful with brief essential statistics. Papers must have sufficient substance to justify presentation, but the author(s) should also exercise care not to try to present too much factual material for the audience to comprehend and digest. Only 12 minutes are alloted to develop and communicate the ideas to your audience. If critical data are to be fully exposed, only one, two, or possibly three major points can be developed fully. Presentation of material in 12 minutes that is of such scope as to require 30 minutes for its full revelation is a disservice to your audience. More attention should be given to providing an opportunity for discussion and questions following paper presentations. Abstracts of research accepted for publication by a scientific journal before the annual meeting are not acceptable. The Program Committee favors the general policy that a person present only one paper. If the total number of papers submitted by the membership is too great to include in the program, the Committee will assign some papers to be read by title only. Stimulating the highest quality of applied and fundamental research is the goal of the committee. Mathematical and statistical units should be rechecked to avoid costly corrections in final printing. Careful experimental design and interpretation of results are necessary prerequisites. Compliance with the instructions for preparation of abstracts will simplify tasks o f the Program Committee and of the Editors' offices. Careful editing of abstracts before submission is essential. Mimeographed copies (200) of pertinent details and data are desirable for distribution at the time of presentation. Projected material, such as 2 × 2 slides, should include large lettering for easy reading. Names and addresses of the chairman to whom abstracts should be sent are given below. If acknowledgement of the receipt of the abstract is not received by March 15, the appropriate chairman should be contacted.
The lingering liberal moment: An historical perspective on the global durability of democracy after 1989

The durability of the current great expansion of democratizations since 1989 has important implications for international peace and stability and for popular political freedoms in numerous polities. Yet how should we think about the likely longevity of this global democratic pulse? This article argues for a shift in analytic focus away from national‐level domestic processes and up to the international‐systemic level. Examining the historical instances of country democratizations in the twentieth century, one finds considerable activity in post‐war ‘liberal moments’ after World War I and World War II and in the current post‐cold war moment (the strongest and most clearly defined). The article outlines the dynamics of these moments, examines the two post‐world war moments comparatively, and then applies this to analysis of the current third moment since 1989. This exercise reveals the systemic environment of the current moment to be an extraordinarily good one in historical terms. The permissive effect of a...
Chemical composition of dietary fiber and polyphenols of five different varieties of wine grape pomace skins

Abstract The skins of two white wine grape pomace (WWGP) and three red wine grape pomace (RWGP) from US Pacific Northwest were analyzed for their dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic composition. DF was measured by gravimetric–enzymatic method with sugar profiling by HPLC–ELSD. Insoluble DF composed of Klason lignin (7.9–36.1% DM), neutral sugars (4.9–14.6% DM), and uronic acid (3.6–8.5% DM) weighed more than 95.5% of total DF in all five WGP varieties. WWGP was significantly lower in DF (17.3–28.0% DM) than those of RWGP (51.1–56.3%), but extremely higher in soluble sugar (55.8–77.5% DM vs. 1.3–1.7% DM) ( p p
Low‐Orbit Navigation Concepts

Low-orbit, inexpensive navigation satellite concepts applicable to civil aviation are developed as an alternative to GPS. Details are provided on orbits, signal structure, positioning software, power budget, and estimated costs and risks. Comprehensive error analysis indicates that a 2 dRMS accuracy of approximately 85 m is achievable, and that the system is fault-tolerant. Rough estimates indicate that the satellite configuration will cost about $300 million.
A cell-free approach to the study of membrane trafficking in frozen rat brains potentially applicable to frozen autopsy material

A cell-free transfer system was used to measure capacity of brain membranes to support membrane renewal. To study transfer in brain, radiolabeled donor microsome fractions were prepared using brain slices from rats or frozen human brain autopsy specimens. Acceptor fractions, prepared from fresh or frozen rat brain or frozen human brain autopsy specimens, were immobilized on nitrocellulose. The complete reconstituted transfer system contained ATP plus ATP-regenerating system (or NADH) as a source of energy and brain cytosol. Slices of frozen brain incorporated acetate into membrane lipids with approximately the same efficiency as fresh brains. This efficiency declined with storage at 4 °C but only slowly. Donor fractions labeled with acetate from frozen slices exhibited specific transfer (37 °C minus 4 °C) of labeled membrane lipids with efficiencies comparable to fresh. The acceptor fraction could be prepared either from fresh or frozen material. Transfer was on the average two-fold stimulated by ATP at 37 °C compared to no ATP. Transfer also was stimulated by NADH. Analysis of linear transfer rates between 0 and 30 min revealed no significant effect of delay time or of time of prolonged storage on transfer efficiency beyond an initial decline of ca. 25% observed within the first two weeks after freezing. A decline of transfer was obtained with brains as the animals aged.