cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes with Everolimus Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

Objectives: This study aimed to examine clinical efficacy, safety, and intermediate clinical outcomes with everolimus‐eluting stents (EESs) in patients with transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD). Background: TCAD is a major cause of mortality in patients following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Systemic everolimus in OHT patients hasbeen shown to reduce TCAD. The safety and efficacy of an EES, the Xience V, have not been evaluated in this population. Methods: Patients post‐OHT with hemodynamically significant CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with EES were included. Participants were maintained on dual antiplatelet therapy for 1‐year post‐PCI. We examined procedural success, in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality, stent thrombosis, angiographic restenosis, and myocardial infarction rates. All patients had follow‐up angiography 1‐year after PCI. Target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), in‐segment restenosis, target vessel failure (TVF), and lumen late loss were noted. Results: PCI was performed in 34 de novo lesions in 21 patients, and 40 EES were placed. Procedural success rate was 100%. Average stent was 16.5 � 5.1mm long and 3.0 � 0.6mm in diameter. All patients had angiographic follow‐up(409 � 201days).Therewasnostentthrombosis,deaths,ormyocardialinfarctionsduringfollow‐up.Two patients had focal in‐stent restenosis. TLR rate was 5.9% (2/34), and TVR rate was 11.1% (3/27). Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) showed stenosis diameter to be 19.98 � 17.57%. Conclusions: Use of an EES is associated with a low incidence of TVR and TLR in patients with TCAD. Further studies are needed to determine whether PCI with EES changes long‐term outcomes. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:73–79)
Interplay of phosphorylation kinetics and methylation dynamics leads to complex behavior of Foxp3 and PTEN in computational model of T cell differentiation (IRM6P.709)

We have recently published a mathematical model that demonstrates that differential activation of signaling pathways downstream of TCR by high and low concentrations of antigen can be modeled by varying the duration of antigen stimulation, which results in a mixed population of regulatory (Treg), helper (Th) and inactive cells, a prediction we confirmed experimentally. Analysis of the dynamics of this scenario demonstrated an important role for a feedback loop involving Foxp3, PTEN, and Akt-mTOR signaling, which affects the timing of transient Foxp3 expression and PTEN activity, and the ratio of different phenotypes in the mixed population. We hypothesized that the correlation in the dynamics of Foxp3 and PTEN, which we previously modeled as a direct link between Foxp3 and PTEN, stems from the regulation of both Foxp3 and PTEN expression by the transcription factor Foxo1. We updated the model to test this hypothesis, and preliminary results suggest that the interplay of rapid modulation of Foxo1 activity by Akt with the slower kinetics of methylation/demethylation at the Foxp3 promoter mediated by mTOR can produce dramatic changes in the resulting distribution of phenotypes when the timing of these events is varied. To calibrate this timing in the model, we are currently conducting experiments that will help us determine the time scale for Foxo1 inactivation by Akt and for the effect of Foxo1 on Foxp3 and PTEN expression.
Note on the theory of the protonic acid doping of polyaniline

Abstract Recent data on the protonation of emeraldine, published by MacDiarmid, Chiang, Richter and Epstein, are compared with a theory, previously used in connection with earlier (less accurate) data. Agreement between theory and experiment is improved. A somewhat more detailed version of the original theory is presented.
Recovering homothetic preferences

Abstract A method is given for recovering all homothetic preferences implicit in a set of consumption data.
Choanal atresia and its associated anomalies. Further support for the CHARGE Association

The finding of choanal atresia warrants careful and prompt consideration of other severe congenital anomalies in the newborn. In a chart review of 41 patients with the diagnosis of choanal atresia, 17 patients (41%) had choanal atresia alone while 24 (59%) had at least one other anomaly. Twenty-four (59%) of all patients had bilateral choanal atresia, and 75% of the patients with at least one other anomaly had bilateral choanal atresia. The following features were found to be associated with bilateral choanal atresia: significant structural heart disease (21%), postnatal growth retardation (36%), psychomotor retardation (19%), sensorineural deafness (21%), velopharyngeal discoordination (15%), micrognathia (12%), blocked tear duct (10%), high-arched palate (15%), and facial asymmetry (7%). Twenty-one other anomalies were described. Coloboma was encountered in 10% of our patients and only 3 patients had all of the features originally described in the CHARGE Association. The non-random association of multiple anomalies suggested by the eponym, CHARGE is discussed, and further data is offered for evaluating the child who presents with choanal atresia.
The Capture of Orbital Electrons by Nuclei

The simple theory of electron capture is outlined and three general methods for its detection are suggested. The first experimental evidence for the process (in activated titanium) is described. A rigorous experimental proof of the hypothesis is given for the case of ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{67}$. A summary of several isotopes whose properties are best explained on this hypothesis is appended. The properties of ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{67}$ are described in considerable detail, and include the first evidence for internal conversion in artificially radioactive atoms.
Biomarkers in aggregate

Implantable devices that measure the cumulative release of biomarkers promise new diagnostic options.
Electrostatic effects in micromachined actuators for adaptive optics

Abstract The electrostatic properties of double-cantilevered micro-electromechanical silicon actuators are examined for possible use in large-scale, deformable mirror arrays. Devices display typical nonlinear deflection versus voltage characteristics and electromechanical instability at elevated voltages. When the polysilicon membrane is suspended over a substrate with an insulating layer, the effects of electrostatic charge migration and contact charging alter actuator performance.
The role of norepinephrine in the function of the area postrema. I. Immunofluorescent localization of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and electron microscopy.

Abstract The noradrenergic innervation of the area postrema has been studied by means of immunofluorescent localization of dopamine-β-hydroxylase and with electron microscopy. This type of correlative study is effective because the immunofluorescent localization is highly specific and electron microscopy affords a resolution not possible with the fluorescent technique alone. Two distinct groups of noradrenergic cell bodies are found to be associated with the area postrema. The bulk of noradrenergic innervation appears to derive from those DBH containing cell bodies immediately adjacent to the area postrema. The distribution of axons originating from the other group of neurons, which are located within the area postrema, cannot be determined by these techniques since there are too many intertwined fibers in this part of the tissue. The noradrenergic nerve terminals assume two distinct patterns. In the ventral and lateral parts, the synapses are typical of the central nervous system, being axosomatic or axodendritic. The terminals of the superior margins are related to non-neural structures as in the peripheral nervous system and involve ependymal cells and perivascular smooth muscle.
E-041 Is there an Interventional Role in Thyrotoxic Crisis?

Learning Objectives Provide a clinical review of thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm). Review the limited published data currently available on thyroid arterial embolisation as treatment of thyrotoxic crisis. Provide pictorial anatomic review of thyroid arterial supply. Present a case of thyrotoxic crisis refractory to medical management and unsuitable for surgical intervention, which underwent thyroid arterial embolisation. Background Thyrotoxic crisis is an acute exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis, which can be precipitated by a multitude of causes. It has an overall mortality rate of20–30%, however if treatment is delayed the mortality rate increases up to approximately 75%. Treatment requires vigorous medical management and while thyroidectomy is often necessary, the severity of the exacerbation often makes this patient population poor surgical candidates. A limited number of published case reports demonstrate thyroid arterial embolisation as a treatment options for unstable patients with thyrotoxic crisis. Embolisation is via the bilateral superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details This poster presents will review a case of a 69 year old male with intractable thyrotoxic crisis, despite appropriate medical management. The patient was not a surgical candidate due to prior episodes of cardiac and respiratory arrest secondary to sustained ventricular fibrillation. Given the patient’s overall poor prognosis and lack of treatment options, arterial embolisation of the thyroid was considered. The patient underwent bilateral superior and inferior thyroid artery embolisations using 500 to 700 micron embospheres. Following embolisation there was interval increase in T4 and T3, as previously reported, but no further episodes of sustained ventricular fibrillation occurred and a curative thyroidectomy was performed one week later. Conclusion The case report in combination with the limited published data suggests thyroid embolisation may have a role in treatment of nonsurigical refractory thyrotoxic crisis. Further research is needed to determine if thyroid embolisation could help reduce the high mortality rate associated with thyrotoxic crisis. Disclosures R. Morgan: None. S. Best: None. C. Connor: None. P. Johnson: None. J. Madarang: None.
Dynamic generation of likely invariants for multithreaded programs

We propose a new method for dynamically generat- ing likely invariants from multithreaded programs.While existing invariant generation tools work well on sequential programs, they are ineffective at reasoning about multithreaded programs both in terms of the number of real invariants generated and in terms of their usefulness in helping programmers. We address this issue by developing a new dynamic invariant generator consisting of an LLVM based code instrumentation front end, a systematic thread interleaving explorer, and a customized invariant inference engine. We show that efficient interleaving exploration strategies can be used to generate a diversified set of executions with little runtime overhead. Furthermore, we show that focusing on a small subset of thread-local transition invariants is often sufficient for reasoning about the concurrency behavior of programs. We have evaluated our new method on a set of open-source multithreaded C/C++ benchmarks. Our experiments show that our method can generate invariants that are significantly higher in quality than the previous state-of-the-art.
The role of iron in restless legs syndrome

The impressive relief from restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms provided by levodopa treatment indicates RLS is caused by a dopaminergic abnormality. But similar and more lasting relief also occurs for iron treatment in some patients. Thus there are two major putative causes for RLS: CNS dopaminergic abnormality and CNS iron insufficiency. This article presents the data documenting that both peripheral and CNS iron insufficiency occur with RLS symptoms. Brain iron insufficiency is supported by independently replicated cerebrospinal fluid and brain imaging studies for patients without iron deficiency (ID) anemia. Autopsy studies and intravenous iron treatment further link brain iron insufficiency to RLS. The brain iron insufficiency in patients with RLS is now well established. In this article the data are reviewed that support the following postulates combining dopaminergic and iron causes of RLS: (1) All conditions that compromise iron availability will increase the risk of RLS leading to a higher than expected prevalence of RLS in these conditions. (2) Some patients with RLS have marginal CNS iron status that can become insufficient when deprived of normal access to adequate peripheral iron or may be insufficient even with normal access to adequate peripheral iron. (3) The change or reduced CNS iron status produces RLS symptoms largely through its effects on the dopaminergic system and the corollary to 3. (4) Dopaminergic system abnormalities producing RLS symptoms will be included in those produced by brain ID. Study of the iron model of RLS offers hope for developing new treatment approaches and perhaps methods to prevent or cure the disorder.
Conifer DBMagic: a database housing multiple de novo transcriptome assemblies for 12 diverse conifer species

Conifers comprise an ancient and widespread plant lineage of enormous commercial and ecological value. However, compared to model woody angiosperms, such as Populus and Eucalyptus, our understanding of conifers remains quite limited at a genomic level. Large genome sizes (10,000–40,000 Mbp) and large amounts of repetitive DNA have limited efforts to produce a conifer reference genome, and genomic resource development has focused primarily on characterization of expressed sequences. Here, we report the completion of a conifer transcriptome sequencing project undertaken in collaboration with the U.S. DOE Joint Genome Institute that resulted in production of almost 12 million sequence reads. Five loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) cDNA libraries representing multiple tissues, treatments, and genotypes produced over four million sequence reads that, along with available Sanger expressed sequence tags, were used to create contig assemblies using three different assembly algorithms: Newbler, MiraEST, and NGen. In addition, libraries from 11 other conifer species, as well as one member of the Gnetales (Gnetum gnemon), produced 0.4 to 1.2 million sequence reads each. Among the selected conifer species were representatives of each of the seven phylogenetic families in the Coniferales: Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sciadopityaceae, and Taxaceae. Transcriptome builds for each species were generated using each of the three assemblers. All contigs for every species generated using each assembler can be obtained from Conifer DBMagic, a public database for searching, viewing, and downloading contig sequences, the associated sequence reads, and their annotations.
The clinical display of radiologic information as an interactive multimedia report.

We regard the delivery of radiological information as an interactive multimedia report. We use a multimedia report model based on Extensible Markup Language (XML), rather than a traditional workstation model. Others have suggested a similar document-based approach. This display presentation includes imagerelated and text-based information and may contain interactive components (eg, window, level and zoom). Using XML as a foundation for this multimedia presentation, we achieve flexibility and platform independence at a lower cost. XML allows for the separation of content and form. Content information, defined as elements (eg, images, radiologic reports, and demographic information), is treated as independent information objects. The behavior of the elements can be changed for different users and tasks. In addition, by separating format detail from content, the appearance of the elements within the report can be modified. XML does not replace existing standards (ie, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine [DICOM], Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol [TCP/IP]). Instead, it provides a powerful framework that is used in combination with existing standards to allow system designers to modify display characteristics based on user need. We describe our application of XML to the clinical display of radiologic information.
Blunt and penetrating diaphragmatic injuries with or without herniation of organs into the chest.

Abstract From 1970 to 1984, 189 patients with penetrating injury and 20 with blunt injury were treated at Grady Memorial Hospital. One hundred eighty-five patients with penetrating injury (Group 1) and 9 with blunt injury (Group 2) required emergency laparotomy. In the remaining 15 patients (Group 3), the diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury was delayed from 18 hours to 15 years (mean, 8 months) after injury. The vast majority of the Group 1 and all Group 2 patients had injury to other organs, and the diagnosis of the diaphragmatic injury was made in almost all of them during the emergency laparotomy. The diagnosis in Group 3 patients was made by chest roentgenogram alone or with an upper gastrointestinal series or barium enema. All diaphragmatic injuries were repaired primarily except one which was repaired with Prolene mesh. Four of the Group 1 patients died, a mortality of 2.2%, and 2 of the Group 2 patients died, a mortality of 22.2%. All Group 3 patients recovered. This study suggests that diaphragmatic injury should be suspected in all patients with penetrating as well as blunt injury of the chest and abdomen and particularly of the epigastrium and lower chest. The presence of such an injury should be excluded before the termination of the exploratory procedure. Also, diaphragmatic injury should be suspected in patients with roentgenographic abnormalities of the diaphragm or lower lung field following trauma. The presence of diaphragmatic injury in such patients should be excluded with appropriate diagnostic studies to protect the patient from its late complications.
Instrument comparison: corrected stellar scintillometer versus isoplanometer

The scintillation pattern from a single star can be utilized to provide information on the refractive turbulence along the line of sight. Instruments that provide refractive turbulence parameters are the isoplanometer and the stellar scintillometer. Attention is drawn to the fact that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration theoretical treatment and implementation of the stellar scintillometer is incomplete. The theory is corrected for spectral effects and finite aperture. A comparison is made of simultaneously obtained isoplanometer values and stellar scintillometer-derived values for isoplanatic angle. The measurements are obtained from an electro-optical/meteorological experiment conducted at Pennsylvania State University in April and May 1986. An atmospheric drop-off model is used to extrapolate the scintillometer measurements beyond the heights probed. Agreement between the two instruments is significantly improved after the appropriate corrections are applied to the scintillometer data. These data were obtained during widely varying meteorological conditions that provided the opportunity for comparisons over a wide range of isoplanatic angles (3 to 14 μrad). Over the 5 days that data were obtained, relative percent departures of mean isoplanatic angles derived from the corrected stellar scintillometer are within 10% of the mean isoplanometer isoplanatic angle values. The uncorrected departures range from 16% to 24%.
Ionization and Scattering Accompanying Positive Ion Impact in Gases

The ionization produced by ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ion impact in A, Ne, He, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, CO, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and Hg was studied for voltages ranging from 0 to 4000 volts. These results check with the results of previous investigators wherever it was possible to make comparisons. The A curve saturates (i.e., the ionization in A approaches a constant maximum value as the voltage is increased) at 4000 volts. The Ne curve shows a tendency to saturate at 4000 volts. The ionization in He and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ was very weak. ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and CO ionize equally well and their curves fall just a little above the neon curve. The minimum potentials at which ionization sets in vary from 100 volts for A to 1600 for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. Accurate measurement of these potentials was not attempted. It is shown that when the results are plotted against the kinetic energy of the impinging ion-molecule system (relative to its center of mass) that the various ionization potentials show a comparatively small range. The scattering experiments show that at low voltage a few of the ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ions make direct impact in mercury and are reflected with $\frac{4}{9}$ of their original energy which is the value expected from conservation of momentum and energy. Small angle scattering was also observed in this case and for ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ in argon. No ions are here observed with appreciable velocity in the reverse direction. The evidence indicates that the gases which ionize most readily are also most effective as a scattering agent. It is suggested that ionizing collisions are glancing collisions.
In vitro synthesis of progesterone and prostaglandin F by luteal tissue and prostaglandin F by endometrial tissue from the pig.

Abstract The relationship between progesterone (P 4 ) synthesis in vitro by luteal tissue and prostaglandin F (PGF) synthesis in vitro by endometrium and luteal tissue from two stages of the cycle, Days 7 to 8 and 15 to 16, was determined. Luteal and endometrial tissues were collected from pigs in three experimental groups at two stages of the cycle: (A) 6 pigs on Days 7 to 8 with spontaneous, 5 to 6 day old corpora lutea (CL); (B) 5 pigs on Days 15 to 16 with spontaneous, 13 to 14 day old CL; and (C) 6 pigs on Days 15 to 16 with spontaneous, 13 to 14 day old CL and 5 to 6 day old CL induced by pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injections. Pigs with spontaneous, 13 to 14 day old CL of the cycle and PMSG-HCG induced accessory, 5 to 6 day old CL were used so that P 4 and PGF synthesis in tissue from old and new CL could be compared in the same pig on Day 15 to 16 of the cycle. Tissues (100 mg minces) were incubated in 5 ml of Krebs Ringer solution in an atmosphere of 95% 0 2 :5% CO 2 for 2 hours at 0° C, 37° C, or 37° C with 1.3 x 10 −4 M indomethacin (IND). An aliquot of the incubation medium and an aliquot of the supernatant after homogenization of the tissue in the remaining medium of each flask was quantified for P 4 and PGF by radioimmunoassay. P 4 and PGF release into the medium and total accumulation of P 4 and PGF in the flasks indicated that de novo synthesis had occured at 37° C. Compared to tissue from 13 to 14 day old CL, tissue from 5 to 6 day old CL synthesized more P 4 per flask (53.9 vs 25.0 ng/mg tissue, P 4 into the medium (20.8 vs 8.8 ng/mg, P 4 synthesis by luteal tissue from 5 to 6 day old and 13 to 14 day old CL from pigs in group C was similar to P 4 synthesis by luteal tissue from pigs in group A and group B, respectively. Luteul PGF synthesis was not affected significantly by either the age of the CL or by PMSG-HCG treatment. For endometrial samples, the synthesis of PGF was not significantly different among pigs in groups A, B and C. If uterine PGF is involved in luteal regression in the pig, the sensitivity of the CL to PGF may be more important than an increase in PGF secretion during the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle.
On a class of valuation fields introduced by A. Robinson

It is shown that the nonarchimedean valuation fieldsρ R introduced by A. Robinson are not only complete but are also spherically complete. Further-more, it is shown that to every normed linear space over the reals there exists a nonarchimedean normed linear spaceρ E overρ R in the sense of Monna which is spherically complete and extendsE.
Functional interactions among neurons in inferior temporal cortex of the awake macaque.

Functional interactions among inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons were studied in the awake, fixating macaque monkey during the presentation of visual stimuli. Extracellular recordings were obtained simultaneously from several microelectrodes, and in many cases, spike trains from more than one neuron were extracted from each electrode by the use of spike shape sorting technology. Functional interactions between pairs of neurons were measured using cross-correlation. Discharge patterns of single neurons were evaluated using auto-correlation and PST histograms. Neurons recorded on the same electrode (within about 100 μn) had more similar stimulus selectivity and were more likely to show functional interactions than those recorded on different electrodes spaced about 250 to 500 microns apart. Most neurons tended to fire in bursts tens to hundreds of milliseconds in duration, and asynchronously from the stimulus induced rate changes. Correlated neuronal firing indicative of shared inputs and direct interactions was observed. Occurrence of shared input was significantly lower for neuron pairs recorded on different electrodes than for neurons recorded on the same electrode. Direct connections occurred about as often for neurons on different electrodes as for neurons on the same electrode. These results suggest that input projections are usually restricted to less than 500 μm patches and are then distributed over greater distances by intrinsic connections. Measurements of synaptic contribution suggest that typically more than 5 near-simultaneous inputs are required to cause an IT neuron to discharge.
A gel as an array of channels

We consider the theory of charged point molecules ('probes') being pulled by an electric field through a two-dimensional net of channels that represents a piece of gel. Associated with the position in the net is a free energy of interaction between the probe and the net; this free energy fluctuates randomly with the position of the probe in the net. The free energy is intended to represent weak interactions between the probe and the gel, such as entropy associated with the restriction of the freedom of motion of the probe by the gel, or electrostatic interactions between the probe and charges fixed to the gel. The free energy can be thought of as a surface with the appearance of a rough, hilly landscape spread over the net; the roughness is measured by the standard deviation of the free-energy distribution. Two variations of the model are examined: (1) the net is assumed to have all channels open, or (2) only channels parallel to the electric field are open and all the cross-connecting channels are closed. Model (1) is more realistic but presents a two-dimensional mathematical problem which can only be solved by slow iteration methods, while model (2) is less realistic but presents a one-dimensional problem that can be reduced to simple quadratures and is easy to solve by numerical integration. In both models the mobility of the probe decreases as the roughness parameter is increased, but the effect is larger in the less realistic model (2) if the same free-energy surface is used in both. The mobility in model (2) is reduced both by high points in the rough surface ('bumps') and by low points ('traps'), while in model (1) only the traps are effective, since the probes can flow around the bumps through the cross channels. The mobility in model (2) can be made to agree with model (1) simply by cutting off the bumps of the surface. Thus the simple model (2) can be used in place of the more realistic model (1) that is more difficult to compute.
AKAP5 Keeps L-type Channels and NFAT on Their Toes

In this issue of Cell Reports , Murphy et al. and Dittmer et al. present exciting new insight into the regulation of Ca 2+ influx via the L-type Ca 2+ channel Ca v 1.2 and how increased Ca 2+ influx translates into localized activation of the nuclear transcription factor NFAT upon depolarization in neurons.
RANGE OF Ar, Kr, AND Xe IONS IN SOLIDS IN THE 500-keV TO 2-MeV ENERGY REGION.

The range of Ar in Be and C, of Kr in Be, C, and Al, and of Xe in Be, C, and Al has been measured in 100-keV steps from 500 keV to 2 MeV with an accuracy varying from \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10.1 to 3.2%. The range of Xe in V, Ni, and Cu has been measured in 250-keV steps from 500 keV to 1.75 MeV with an accuracy of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11.4 to 5.7%. Seven of the 11 sets of measurements agree to within 9% of the theory due to Lindhard, Scharff, and Schi\o{}tt, with the best agreement in the energy region where electronic stopping is roughly equal to nuclear stopping. The measurements on Ar in Be and C are lower than the theory by 10-18% until a shell-structure correction of Ormrod, MacDonald, and Duckworth is applied, and then excellent agreement is obtained. The measurements on Xe in Ni and Cu are lower than the theory by 8-24%. Proton-stopping cross sections in V at 559, 1776, and 1984 keV are reported.
Entropy Estimates for Some Silicates at 298°K from Molar Volumes

Third law entropies for silicates of Be, Mg, Ca, Zn, Na, and K containing the same anion group, for example, SiO 4 or SiO 3 or AlSi 3 O 8 , are found to be linearly related to their molar volumes. The relationship between the molar volume and the entropy of silicates of Fe and Mn, atoms with unfilled d electron subshells, is different from that of other silicates. The linear correlations yield a useful method of estimating the entropies of ortho-, meta-, and framework silicates (feldspars and feld-spathoids). The estimated entropies of pyrope and almandine at 298°K are 47.47 and 68.13 gibbs per mole, respectively .
Seeing the anatomy of hearing: New tools and approaches chart the pathways underlying how we process and integrate sound

to lower the volume? My teenage son,the same one whose idea of educational television is aperpetually tympanic membrane-damaging station calledMTV (“Music Television,” for those of you not blessed withprotohumans of his age), is admonishing me yet againabout the volume being too high. “Yeah, Dad. What’s yourproblem,” chimes in one of my other tax-deductions. “Areyou deaf or what?”This is not good. This is deﬁnitely not good. For years Ihave kicked and screamed to have my children tone downthe cacophony of sounds that emanate from their CDs,DVDs, multipods, Gameboys, Gamegirls, or whatever. Ihave practically had to learn to lip-read in order to com-prehend the evening news over the painful din that theyhave unendingly produced. And now,
NMR Quantitation of Natural Products at the Nanomole Scale

We describe a simple and accurate method for quantitation by solvent 13C-satellites (QSCS) of very small amounts of natural products using microprobe NMR spectroscopy. The method takes advantage of...
A cooling system for prostaglandin infusions.

A simple system has been developed-for the prolonged infusion of an iced solution of prostacyclin (PGI2). In a 24 h period at pH 10, there is a theoretical loss in activity of 6%, while a 5 h infusion leads to a 2% reduction in activity. The stability of the cooling system was demonstrated in six dog experiments where mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced to 58±3.8 Torr (x±SEM) over a 5 h period of infusing 500 ng/kg/min. In a saline medium, at 3°C, a 5 h PGI2 infusion led to a stable reduction in MAP, whereas, at a temperature of 24°C, a 70 loss of infusate activity was noted.
Addressing the contingent effects of business unit strategic orientation on relationships between organizational context and business unit performance

Abstract The authors propose and test hypotheses examining the moderating role of strategic orientation on relationships between organizational context variables and measures of business unit performance. Using cluster analysis, the researchers initially provide empirical evidence of strategic clusters indicative of Porter's (1980) primary generic strategies. Results of a series of regression analyses conducted within each strategic cluster indicate that the sharing of resources and programs among business units positively influences performance in low-cost firms. Sharing did not affect the performance of firms in differentiation-based strategic clusters. A strategy of granting business units substantial decision-making autonomy was found to negatively affect performance for low-cost firms, but positively affect performance for those firms pursuing differentiation-based strategies.
Functional analysis of the transforming growth factor beta responsive elements in the WAF1/Cip1/p21 promoter.

The transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) are a group of multifunctional growth factors that inhibit cell cycle progression in many cell types. The TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest has been partially attributed to the regulatory effects of TGF-β on both the levels and activities of the G1 cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinase partners. The ability of TGF-β to inhibit the activity of these kinase complexes derives in part from its regulatory effects on the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21/WAF1/Cip1, p27Kip1, and p15. Upon treatment of cells with TGF-β, these three inhibitors bind to and block the activities of specific cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes to cause cell cycle arrest. Little is known, however, on the mechanism through which TGF-β activates these cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. In the case of p21, TGF-β treatment leads to an increase in p21 mRNA. This increase in p21 mRNA is partly due to transcriptional activation of the p21 promoter by TGF-β. To further define the signaling pathways through which TGF-β induces p21, we have performed a detailed functional analysis on the p21 promoter. Through both deletion and mutation analysis of the p21 promoter, we have defined a 10-base pair sequence that is required for the activation of the p21 promoter by TGF-β. In addition, this sequence is sufficient to drive TGF-β-mediated transcription from a previously nonresponsive promoter. Preliminary gel shift assays demonstrate that this TGF-β responsive element binds specifically to several proteins in vitro. Two of these proteins are the transcription factors Sp-1 and Sp-3. These studies represent the initial steps toward defining the signaling pathways involved in TGF-β-mediated transcriptional activation of p21.
Classical Boltzmann Theory of Cyclotron Resonance for Warped Surfaces

A classical Boltzmann model of cyclotron resonance with an energy-independent collision time is developed. An approximate solution of the Boltzmann equation is obtained by expanding the perturbed distribution function $\ensuremath{\Phi}(p, \ensuremath{\Theta}, \ensuremath{\varphi})$, in a Fourier series in $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, where the spherical coordinates are defined with the polar axis along the magnetic field direction. The solution yields a fundamental cyclotron resonance absorption line, which shows line shape anisotropy, as well as a shift in resonance peak with magnetic field direction. The theory also indicates resonance absorption at harmonics of the fundamental cyclotron resonance frequency, due to the warping of the constant-energy surfaces. The results are applied to a calculation of line shapes and harmonic intensities for heavy holes in silicon and germanium.
Parametric and internal study of the vortex tube using a CFD model

Abstract A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to investigate the energy separation mechanism and flow phenomena within a counter-flow vortex tube. A two-dimensional axi-symmetric CFD model has been developed that exhibits the general behavior expected from a vortex tube. The model results are compared to experimental data obtained from a laboratory vortex tube operated with room temperature compressed air. The CFD model is subsequently used to investigate the internal thermal-fluid processes that are responsible for the vortex tube's temperature separation behavior. The model shows that the vortex tube flow field can be divided into three regions that correspond to: flow that will eventually leave through the hot exit (hot flow region), flow that will eventually leave through the cold exit (cold flow region), and flow that is entrained within the device (re-circulating region). The underlying physical processes are studied by calculating the heat and work transfers through control surfaces defined by the streamlines that separate these regions. It was found that the energy separation exhibited by the vortex tube can be primarily explained by a work transfer caused by a torque produced by viscous shear acting on a rotating control surface that separates the cold flow region and the hot flow region. This work transfer is from the cold region to the hot region whereas the net heat transfer flows in the opposite direction and therefore tends to reduce the temperature separation effect. A parametric study of the effect of varying the diameter and length of the vortex tube is also presented.
Influence of Added Nitrogen Interactions in Estimating Recovery Efficiency of Labeled Nitrogen

The addition of N fertilizer to soil has been shown to stimulate the uptake of native soil N via a priming effect recently termed added nitrogen interaction (ANI). This ANI, due to pool substitution, can substantially affect the N-recovery efficiency (NRE) by plants as calculated by the ¹⁵N isotopic dilution technique. We evaluated NRE in a pot study using ‘Edwall’ spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with three soils (Palouse, a fine-silty, mixed, mesic Pachic Ultic Haploxeroll; Ritzville, a coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Calciorthidic Haploxeroll; and Shano, a coarse-silty, mixed mesic Xerollic Camborthid) of varying organic C (OC) levels and five levels of ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer. Data obtained at 60 d after emergence (DAE) showed that NRE generally increased with fertilizer additions, was lowest in the soil having the greatest OC, and ranged from 57 to 79%. The NRE values estimated by the isotopic method averaged 20% lower than those estimated by the difference method, although the two estimates were strongly related. Although the magnitude of ANI showed no direct relationship to OC levels, it was strongly related to N rates, OC, soil C/N ratio, and N lost, which together explained 73% of the relationship. The magnitude of occurrence of ANI appears to be influenced by several factors and thus may be soil specific. Regression of NRE with soil properties showed that NRE was influenced primarily by the same factors that influenced ANI. This study suggests that, for accurate comparisons of nitrogen recovery efficiency between soils or treatments using the isotopic method or for comparing methods of determining N-recovery efficiency, the role of added N interaction must be considered.
Causal attributions from adolescence through adulthood

Abstract Attributional reasoning for events varying on level of informational ambiguity and context (relationship, achievement) were examined from adolescence through older adulthood. Participants rated the degree to which a cause of an event was a function of the primary character, situation, or a combination of these; wrote essays assessing underlying reasons for attributions; and responded to ego level, attributional style, and intolerance for ambiguity questionnaires. Older age groups made more interactive (relativistic) attributional ratings than did younger age groups for ambiguous events. Compared to adult and middle-aged adults, older women demonstrated a drop in dialectical attributional reasoning as assessed by the essays. Ego level, tolerance for ambiguity, and verbal ability predicted more dialectical attributional reasoning above and beyond the effects of age.
Determination of the endogenous component of alimentary lipemia.

ABSTRACT Alimentary triglyceridemia was induced in 20 normal male volunteers by ingestion of 100 g of peanut butter (triglyceride 50%) with 2 slices of bread and 2 cups of water or unsweetened coffee. By comparison of the postprandial triglyceride fatty acid pattern with that of the ingested fat and the fasting serum, the alimentary lipemia has been partitioned into its endogenous and exogenous triglyceride components. The mean increase in serum triglyceride at 4 hr after a fat meal was 130 mg/100 ml, 93 % of which was derived from the absorbed fat. The mean endogenous contribution rose slightly at the 4-hr point. However, subjects whose alimentary lipemia was more than double the fasting value invariably showed an increase in endogenous contribution, whereas those whose post-prandial value was less than twice fasting exhibited a decrease in endogenous lipemia. The increases of both endogenous and exogenous components seen with the greater lipemia elevations suggest saturation of a clearing mechanism. Add...
Pharmacoeconomic Considerations in Treating Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological cancers. The most common type of ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer. Referred to as the ‘silent’ killer, this disease is difficult to detect because of the lack of specific symptoms. The majority of women who have ovarian cancer are diagnosed in the advanced stages. While the exact cause of ovarian cancer remains elusive, it is believed that the events relating to incessant ovulatory function play a major role in the development of this disease. Long term prognosis of women with ovarian cancer remains grim. Although ovarian cancer is highly responsive to chemotherapy, most women will develop persistent or recurrent disease after primary treatment. The standard front-line treatment is paclitaxel in combination with a platinum-based agent; however, toxicities associated with paclitaxel must be weighed against the clinical benefit. The economic issues associated with the treatment of ovarian cancer involve costs of chemotherapy agents andmanagement of supportive care. Patient preferences and quality-of-life issues are also of major importance because of the short survival benefit for most patients. Therefore, quality of lifemust bemaximised alongside efforts to prolong survival. More research is necessary to determine what trade-offs (e.g. adverse effects of treatment) patients are willing to make for modest gains in survival.
Inertia effect in laminar radial flow between parallel plates

Abstract An approximate expression for the pressure distribution in radial laminar flow between parallel plates is obtained by using the energy integral method. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by the momentum integral method and the more exact method of series solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. This paper may demonstrate the effectiveness of the energy integral method in the analysis of lubrication problems.
Enhanced radiation response in radioresistant MCF-7 cells by targeting peroxiredoxin II

In our previous study, we identified that a protein target, peroxiredoxin II (PrxII), is overexpressed in radioresistant MCF+FIR3 breast-cancer cells and found that its expression and function is associated with breast-cancer radiation sensitivity or resistance. Small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting PrxII gene expression was able to sensitize MCF+FIR3 radioresistant breast-cancer cells to ionizing radiation. The major focus of this work was to investigate how the radiation response of MCF+FIR3 radioresistant cells was affected by the siRNA that inhibits PrxII gene expression. Our results, presented here, show that silencing PrxII gene expression increased cellular toxicity by altering cellular thiol status, inhibiting Ca(2+) efflux from the cells, and perturbing the intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. By combining radiotherapy and siRNA technology, we hope to develop new therapeutic strategies that may have potential to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents due to this technology's property of targeting to specific cancer-related genes.
Determination of the level density of 29Si from Ericson fluctuations.

Neutron total cross-section measurements for $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ have been made with the white neutron source at Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility for neutron energies between 4 and 600 MeV. Very good resolution (\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.2 ns/m) was obtained. The detailed structure at low energies is found to be different than obtained in previous measurements, although at energies 7${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{n}}$15 MeV the agreement is quite good. The cross section becomes quite smooth above 15 MeV. An Ericson analysis is performed to yield values for the level density of $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ between 13 and 22 MeV.
Force and moment on a Joukowski profile in the presence of point vortices

OR many purposes, inviscid flow simulation by means of twodimensional potential flow theory and point vortices provides valuable information about unsteady flow over high-aspect-ratio wings.1'2 One way of calculating the flowfield and vortex convection velocities is to represent the foil shape as a conformal mapping of a circle, making use of the powerful theory of functions of a complex variable.3"5 The wake of the profile is discretized into point vortices, and the circle theorem insures that the body boundary condition is satisfied everywhere on the foil. Assuming that the Kutta condition of finite flow velocity at the trailing edge holds,6 new vortices of the appropriate strength are continually released in the wake. An algorithm for time integration is all that is needed to complete the simulation of large-amplitu de foil motion. In cases where the exact profile shape is of secondary importance, a Joukowski mapping can be used, and the resulting expressions for the complex potential become particularly simple.7"11 We show that the force and moment acting on the Joukowski profile throughout the simulation consist of added mass terms as if the flow were free of vortices plus the summed effect of all of the vortices in the flow.
Mechanism of cellulose smoldering retardance by sulfur

The addition of elemental sulfur is effective in preventing cotton smoldering, a process which leads to a major fraction of fire loss. The objective of this work is to determine the mechanism of the observed retardance. Double thickness samples of cotton terrycloth approximately 18 mm by 100 mm, were smoldered in a pyrex cylinder. The samples contained 0, 5, 8 and 10 percent sulfur by weight. The air velocity over the face of the sample was about 10 cm/s. Ten percent treated samples self-extinguished or smoldered with difficulty. The smoldering velocities and peak temperatures of the other samples were determined using embedded thermocouples; both decreased with increasing sulfur concentration. Calculations and experiments indicate that the sulfur does not simply act as a heat sink as has been suggested for many flame retardants. Electron paramagnetic resonance data showed that a reduction in the number of free radicals in the char by a factor of two resulted from the addition of five percent sulfur. X-ray fluoresence measurements showed that the concentration of bound sulfur in the char was comparable to that of eliminated free radicals. Mass spectrometric studies indicated that the major vapor phase products of sulfur oxidation Mass spectrometric studies indicated that the major vapor phase products of sulfur oxidation were SO 2 and COS, but these were present in much lower concentration than O 2 and CO 2 . This result eliminates the possibility of oxygen depletion by reaction with sulfur as an important contribution to the retardancy. Rather, the sulfur vaporizes and reacts with the radical sites in the char. In the absence of sulfur, these sites would oxidize exothermically and regenerate to continue the smoldering. As a result of some radical sites being poisoned, less heat is released, and the resulting pyrolysis of further fuel is retarded. Thus the critical properties of sulfur are vaporization at the correct temperature, reactivity with the char, and stability of the resulting adduct.