cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap: a new option for reconstruction of lumbosacral defects

Reconstruction of lower back defects is challenging. Since primary repair is often not possible to achieve, there is a need for local or regional flap transfer. This report presents a new technique of reconstruction of lumbosacral defects by deep circumflex iliac artery perforator skin flap based on a propeller flap design. A lower back scar contracture and contour deformity in a 10-year-old female patient required excision and flap reconstruction. Deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was marked in the groin region as an elliptical skin paddle and dissected as an island flap based on a dominant musculocutaneous perforator. Following creation of the lumbosacral defect, reconstruction was accomplished by flap rotation based on a propeller flap design around the perforator. Donor site was closed primarily in layers. Complete flap survival was noted with uneventful recovery. Revision was later performed for flap debulking and contour restoration with pleasing result at 1 year. Deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap can be utilized for lower back defect reconstruction by means of a propeller flap design. It is offered as a new flap option for lumbosacral reconstruction. The technique allows well-vascularized tissue transfer while accomplishing primary closure of the donor site with easily hidden scar. The disadvantages include tedious dissection as well as absence of a dominant perforator in some cases. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
Dispelling the Myth of Work-Related de Quervain's Tenosynovitis

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis (DQT) is a common condition characterized by pain about the dorsal-radial aspect of the wrist, just proximal to the radial styloid. The condition is precipitated by a thickened first dorsal compartment and its tendons. The impression that DQT is caused from work-related injury is misdirected, as no study has established an association between hand usage at work or trauma with DQT. Physicians should exercise caution when discussing the causes and natural history of DQT with symptomatic patients.
D DIMER SENSITIVITY IN FULLY ANTICOAGULATED PATIENTS WITH MODERATE PRETEST PROBABILITY FOR PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM

The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is still considered to be challenging despite the presence of several well-established clinical algorithms. A thorough clinical assessment and pre-test risk stratification plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary
Therapeutic Targeting Strategies of Cancer Stem Cells in Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a distinct population of cells within a tumor mass that are capable of asymmetric division and known to have chemoresistant characteristics. The description and identification of CSC models in cancer growth and recurrence has inspired the design of novel treatment strategies to overcome treatment resistance by targeting both CSCs and non-CSC tumor cells. Several cellular signaling pathways have been described as playing a role in the induction and maintenance of stemness in CSCs, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, STAT3, and Hedgehog pathways. In this review, we aim to review some of the ongoing CSC therapeutic targeting strategies in gastrointestinal malignancies.
Brainstem to Spinal Cord

Female rats that have undergone complete transection of the spinal cord do not perform lordosis (Kow et al., 1977, 1980b). Therefore, control from the brainstem is obligatory, and its net effect must be to facilitate the behavior. Such descending fibers must run in the anterolateral columns (broadly defined), since these are necessary and sufficient for lordosis (Kow et al., 1977). The critical fibers must reach lumbar levels, since the crucial hindquarter movements are controlled from there (Chapter 11). The eight tracts classically recognized as descending from brainstem to spinal cord include the corticospinal, rubrospinal, tectospinal, isthmospinal, medial vestibulospinal, and medial reticulospinal, but the cell bodies and descending fibers of the lateral vestibulospinal tract and lateral reticulospinal tract (Figures 10–1 and 10–2) are of special interest (Zemlan and Pfaff, 1979; Zemlan et al., 1979).
Incidental Exposure to Political Disagreement on Facebook and Corrective Participation: Unraveling the Effects of Emotional Responses and Issue Relevance

Scholarly debate persists as to whether political disagreement facilitates or inhibits involvement in political activities. This study contributes to the debate by focusing on incidental exposure—an important mechanism through which people encounter political disagreement on Facebook. Drawing on a laboratory experiment, this study finds that Facebook-based incidental exposure to counter-attitudinal information does not have a direct effect on corrective political participation (e.g., persuading others online about politics). Exposure to this type of information does, however, have an indirect positive impact on corrective participation through the mediating effects of anxiety, as suggested by affective intelligence theory and appraisal theories of emotion. A moderated mediation model indicates that the indirect effect through anxiety is particularly strong among individuals who consider the issue personally relevant. Implications are discussed in terms of how social media uses impact participatory democracy.
Characterization of the Pore Structure of Porous Media Using non-Newtonian Fluids

Author(s): Hauswirth, SC; Abou Najm, MR; Miller, CT | Abstract: We demonstrate a simple, cheap method for pore size characterization of porous media that generates a distribution of pore radii for improved flow and transport modeling. The new method for pore structure characterization utilizes recent theoretical developments in non-Newtonian fluids. Numerical evaluations and validations with synthetic porous media showed potential for obtaining a distribution of effective pore radii and their contribution to total flow only by complementing water with non-Newtonian fluids in saturated infiltration experiments. To demonstrate this ability on real sands, a series of one-dimensional column experiments was conducted with varying porous medium packings, including Accusands and a polydisperse sand/glass bead mixture. For each packing, distilled water and varying concentrations of guar and xanthan gum were injected over a range of flow rates and pressure gradients. The model-generated pore radii were compared with pore radius distributions measured by X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT), with results demonstrating good agreement between the model and μCT data. Simulations of saturated water flow and drainage curves using model-generated pore radii compared favorably to experimental data, with errors typically between 2% and 10% for single-phase flow and approaching the error of the μCT measured radius distributions for the drainage curves.
Improving the Measurement of Police Integrity: An Application of LTM to the Klockars et al. (1997) Scales

In the wake of recent high profile incidents of police misconduct, the issue of police integrity has become of heightened interest for practitioners, academics, and society. One of the continuing challenges, though, has been how to best measure misconduct/integrity. This chapter examines the properties of the latent constructs of police integrity using data collected by Klockars et al. (The measurement of police integrity, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, pp. 65–70, 1997) from thirty police departments throughout the United States. To bolster our understanding of the measurement of police integrity, we develop valid and reliable latent constructs of five of the dimensions measured, while, at the same time, considering potential inter-relationships between the constructs. We use latent trait models to reassess the validity of the measures, estimate the correlation between the various sub-constructs of police integrity, and examine measurement invariance of police integrity. Our analyses confirm that the Klockars et al. (The measurement of police integrity, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, pp. 65–70, 1997) methodology is a valid way to measure police integrity; however, we find there are several dimensions of police integrity that, while related, are distinct of one another. Specific results and implications for future research are discussed.
On real and ideal materials: Author discusses various plasticity theories as models for the behavior of real materials

Various plasticity theories are discussed as models for the behavior of real materials. The simple rigid/perfectly plastic model is shown to be a reasonable first approximation. Once the theory for this model has been developed, it is easily modified to account for strain hardening and elastic effects. It is shown in various examples that, for loads less than the rigid/perfectly plastic limit load, strain hardening has a negligible effect, whereas for greater loads elastic strains can reasonably be neglected.
The Effect of Herbicide Formulations and Herbicide–Adjuvant Mixtures on Aquatic Food Web Species of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

Herbicides have recently been designated as one of the most frequently detected chemical types in aquatic systems. We evaluated the effect of the herbicide formulations Clearcast® (active ingredient imazamox) and Galleon® SC (active ingredient penoxsulam), in conjunction with the adjuvant Agri-dex®, on the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the copepod Eurytemora affinis and whether their application in invasive aquatic weed control has acutely negative effects on important delta food web species. Herbicide-adjuvant mixtures were more toxic than herbicide formulations alone. For the diatom, 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) were 84.4 mg/L for Clearcast, >100 mg/L for Galleon SC, and 38.5 mg/L for Agri-dex. In the herbicide mixture diatom tests, IC50s decreased to 2.8 mg/L for Clearcast + 64 mg/L Agri-dex and to 6.6 mg/L for Galleon SC + 41 mg/L Agri-dex. In the copepod tests, 50% effect concentrations (EC50s) were 45.4 mg/L for Agri-dex, 31.2 mg/L for Galleon SC, and >100 mg/L for Clearcast. When tested together, EC50s were reduced to 24.1 for Galleon SC and 67.6 mg/L for Clearcast in the presence of 50 mg/L Agri-dex. Environmentally relevant herbicide-adjuvant mixture ratios were at the no-observed-effect level. Mixture interactions between herbicides and adjuvants indicate the potential for increased toxicity in herbicide formulations and tank mixes, especially in consideration of the unlisted, proprietary ingredients which are included in herbicide formulations, making predicting nontarget effects challenging. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1375-1381. © 2020 SETAC.
A Framework for the Preparation of Accomplished Career and Technical Education Teachers

Calls for improvement in teacher quality have led to reform initiatives in teacher education. A variety of reports and organizations have classified teaching standards identifying what teachers should know and be able to accomplish. In 1986, the Carnegie Task Force on Teaching as a Profession released its response toA Nation at Risk(National Commission on Excellence in Education), a report distributed to congress in 1983. Its response, compiled inA Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21stCentury, identified teaching standards and has been instrumental in defining and initiating teacher education reform efforts. Another report released in 1986,Tomorrow’s Teachers(Holmes Group, 1986) called for similar types of reform efforts. Two governing boards overseeing beginning and advanced teacher certification standards were established in 1987: (a) Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) (Council of Chief State School Officers, n.d.) and (b) National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS, n.d.). The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-110) (U.S. Department of Education [USDOE], 2004) signed into law by President Busch on January 8, 2002 also calls for strengthening of teaching standards and teacher quality.
Bridging the Gap: A Collegiate Coach Perspective on the Integration of Research into Practice

Sport is a constantly evolving organism in which training methodologies are being shaped and fashioned in real time. The sport industry in recent years has grown into a very lucrative field with great financial elements at stake for those vested around a sport franchise. Winning competitions positively correlates with financial gain for the sport organization as losing negatively impacts the bottom line of the franchise. Due to the financial factors and pressures, as well as the spirit of competition, during the course of the history of sport, fringe methodologies in training, recovery, nutrition, sports medicine, sports psychology, and management have persistently been introduced. These fringe methodologies evolve out of a relentless attempt for coaches and athletes to gain an advantage on the opposition, not only to aid in the act of winning in the realm of athletic competition, but to gain in the field financial prosperity.
The Micropolitics of Teaching

During the last two decades, research on teachers and teaching has produced significant findings on the social and cultural aspects of work. What is loosely referred to as teacher work-life literature provides valuable insights into the structural and experiential dimensions of teachers’ work. Studies of cultural norms, satisfaction, commitment, gender, professionalism, career, socialization, induction, purposes, and sentiments have appeared in this literature. For example, substantial work on teachers’ lives has been completed using life history and narrative methods (Goodson, 1992; Schubert & Ayers, 1992). In fact, research on teachers’ worklives has produced substantial data relevant to understanding the micropolitics of teaching; that is, how teachers use formal and informal power to achieve their ends in school organizations. However, because these data have not been interpreted from a micropolitical perspective, their significance along these lines has not been apparent. And although some theoretical attention has been given to the political aspects of teachers’ work by feminists (Grumet, 1988; Lather, 1991) and critical theorists (e.g., Apple, 1986), little empirical work on the everyday micropolitics of teaching has been completed until recently.
Genotype by environment interaction for gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster.

The genetics of phenotypic responses to changing environments remains elusive. Using whole-genome quantitative gene expression as a model, here we study how the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in gene expression changed in a population of fully sequenced inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains when flies developed in different environments (25 °C and 18 °C). We find a substantial fraction of the transcriptome exhibited genotype by environment interaction, implicating environmentally plastic genetic architecture of gene expression. Genetic variance in expression increases at 18 °C relative to 25 °C for most genes that have a change in genetic variance. Although the majority of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for the gene expression traits in the two environments are shared and have similar effects, analysis of the environment-specific eQTLs reveals enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factors. Finally, although genotype by environment interaction in gene expression could potentially disrupt genetic networks, the co-expression networks are highly conserved across environments. Genes with higher network connectivity are under stronger stabilizing selection, suggesting that stabilizing selection on expression plays an important role in promoting network robustness. Huang et al. show that developing under different temperatures changes the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in Drosophila melanogaster gene expression yet the co-expression network remains robust. Data suggest that stabilizing selection on gene expression may promote co-expression network robustness.
Temperature-Independent Gate-Oxide Degradation Monitoring of SiC MOSFETs Based on Junction Capacitances

Gate-oxide degradation has been one of the major reliability challenges of SiC MOSFET s and should be monitored carefully to avoid unexpected power converter failures. Various precursors have been introduced in the literature for gate-oxide degradation monitoring. However, those proposed precursors are temperature dependent and it is highly challenging to eliminate temperature effects. In this article, two new temperature-independent precursors (Miller capacitance and gate–source capacitance changes) are proposed for gate-oxide degradation monitoring of SiC MOSFET s. During the accelerated aging tests under high electric field and high temperature, a consistent change in Miller capacitance and gate–source capacitance is reported for both common source and Kelvin source SiC MOSFET s. Also, the temperature sensitivity of each precursor is investigated. The proposed precursors enable the monitoring of gate-oxide degradation without decoupling the impact of package degradation. Based on the findings, a simple early warning in situ circuit is proposed to monitor gate-oxide aging. A comprehensive precursor comparison is provided to show the merits of the proposed precursors. Finally, the experimental results are presented to validate the efficacy of the in situ monitoring circuit.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Access to Hospice and Palliative Care: An Integrative Review:

Background:There is growing evidence of disparities in access to hospice and palliative care services to varying degrees by sociodemographic groups. Underlying factors contributing to access issues...
On the L(p) L p Boundedness of Wave Operators for Four-Dimensional Schrödinger Operators with a Threshold Eigenvalue

Let $$H=-\Delta +V$$ be a Schrodinger operator on $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^4)$$ with real-valued potential V, and let $$H_0=-\Delta $$ . If V has sufficient pointwise decay, the wave operators $$W_{\pm }=s-\lim _{t\rightarrow \pm \infty } e^{itH}e^{-itH_0}$$ are known to be bounded on $$L^p(\mathbb {R}^4)$$ for all $$1\le p\le \infty $$ if zero is not an eigenvalue or resonance, and on $$\frac{4}{3}<p<4$$ if zero is an eigenvalue but not a resonance. We show that in the latter case, the wave operators are also bounded on $$L^p(\mathbb {R}^4)$$ for $$1\le p\le \frac{4}{3}$$ by direct examination of the integral kernel of the leading terms. Furthermore, if $$\int _{\mathbb {R}^4} xV(x) \psi (x) \, dx=0$$ for all zero energy eigenfunctions $$\psi $$ , then the wave operators are bounded on $$L^p$$ for $$1 \le p<\infty $$ .
Debt and Growth: A Decade of Studies

In this policy brief, we review the literature on the debt-growth relationship since the publication of “Growth in a Time of Debt” to evaluate the claim that high government-debt-to-GDP ratios have negative or significant (or both) effects on the growth rate of an economy. In addition, we assess the claim that there is a nonlinear threshold, around 90 percent of GDP, above which debt has a significant deleterious impact on growth rates. With several European countries taking action to successfully reduce their debt-to-GDP ratios in recent years, it is important for Americans to broaden their understanding of the potential negative effects of debt on growth potential, particularly in light of America’s current fiscal trajectory. A large majority of studies on the debt-growth relationship find a threshold somewhere between 75 and 100 percent of GDP. More importantly, every study except two finds a negative relationship between high levels of government debt and economic growth. This is true even for studies that find no common threshold. The empirical evidence overwhelmingly supports the view that a large amount of government debt has a negative impact on economic growth potential, and in many cases that impact gets more pronounced as debt increases. The current fiscal trajectory of the United States means that in the coming 30-year period, the effects of a large and growing public debt ratio on economic growth could amount to a loss of $4 trillion or $5 trillion in real GDP, or as much as $13,000 per capita, by 2049.
Faculty Reflections of Pedagogical Transformation in Active Learning Classrooms.

Increasingly, Active Learning Classrooms (ALCs) are being designed and built by higher education institutions to support instructors in adopting and implementing active learning pedagogies. In this study, we explore how instructors perceive changes in their teaching after teaching in ALCs. Our study focuses on the perceptions of faculty members who have completed a year-long professional development around teaching in ALCs. We conduct place-based interviews with nine such faculty members to examine their perceptions of their changing pedagogies of specific ALCs. Using thematic analysis, we categorized faculty’s perceptions of the affordances of ALCs for their teaching and student learning into three major themes: (1) ALCs afford visibility and instructor presence, (2) ALCs afford better feedback and apprenticeship, and (3) ALCs afford intimate conversations and student dialogue. Finally, we draw on data from the interviews to explicate each theme in turn before discussing commonalities and tensions among the themes. These three themes present an entry point for professional development designers, instructors, and other institutional stakeholders to understand how instructors orient active learning pedagogues to learning spaces.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Fortuitum Infection in Bilateral Lung Transplant Recipient

Introduction Lower respiratory tract secretions from lung transplant recipients are known on rare occasions to yield a low inoculum of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. However, despite the intense systemic immunosuppression required in these recipients, disseminated mycobacterial disease has rarely been reported. Case Report A 66-year-old male with history of right total knee arthroplasty in 2007 and bilateral lung transplant in 2019 (cytomegalovirus [CMV] donor seropositive/recipient negative) was admitted with two days of fevers, chills, and dyspnea. Immunosuppression therapy included basilixumab induction and maintenance immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and prednisone. A CT chest demonstrated patchy opacities in the left lung allograft and right middle lobe with a moderate partially loculated left pleural effusion. A bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and cultures demonstrated Veillonella parvula, anaerobic gram negative bacilli, and M. fortuitum. Two months earlier, BAL cultures had demonstarted M. fortuitum, but treatment had been deferred at that time as recipient was asymptomatic. Now, with rapid improvement on cephalosporin therapy, treatment for M. fortuitum was again not pursued. The recipient was readmitted one month later with left knee pain, fever, and diarrhea, and was diagnosed with hemarthrosis and CMV colitis. Four weeks later the recipient experienced right knee pain and when joint aspiration demonstrated M. fortuitum he underwent two stage revision at which time intraoperative cultures again yielded M. fortuitum. Following this surgery the recipient then was found to have a chest wall abscess, which when incised also yielded M. fortuitum. Treatment with imipenem and ciprofloxacin for six weeks was initiated, with transition to oral ciprofloxacin for one year. Summary This case illustrates the potential for M. fortuitum pulmonary infections to result in disseminated disease in lung transplant recipients. While rarely reported in the literature, non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections have been associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Dissemination of M. fortuitum is uncommon and prompt recognition is crucial for appropriate source control and antibiotic therapy initiation.
Changes in cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol use among sexually active female adolescents and young adults over a twelve-year period ending in 2019.

Abstract Background The United States has experienced an increasing divergence in cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults (AYA). We assessed the changes in cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use in an inner-city population of predominantly minority AYA females attending a large adolescent-specific health center in New York City. Methods This was a longitudinal study of AYA women recruited and followed over a twelve-year period between 2007 and 2019. Lifetime and past 30-day use were assessed by self-administered questionnaire every six months. In addition, we assessed associations with race, ethnicity, sexual behaviors, receipt of social services, living situation at home (e.g., with or without parents), and use of other drugs. Results Participants included 1549 AYA females aged 13–21 at baseline, 95% of whom were youth of color. Use of cannabis increased significantly over the twelve-year period, with frequent cannabis use (≥20 times in 30-days) increasing almost 18% per year (OR = 1.18; 95%CI:1.13–1.23). In contrast, past 30-day tobacco use declined over the same period (OR = 0.86; 95%CI:0.83–0.89). Past 30-day cannabis use was more likely among African Americans (OR = 1.33; 95%CI:1.08–1.63), women who had sex with both men and women compared to with men only (OR = 1.44; 95%CI:1.18–1.75), recent users of tobacco (OR = 2.20; 95%CI:1.92–2.52) and alcohol (OR = 2.84; 95%CI:2.52–3.20), and ever users of other drugs (OR = 1.69; 95%CI:1.44–1.99), independent of age, time and living situation. Conclusions Increasing rates of cannabis use and the association with concurrent tobacco and alcohol use in AYA females underscore the need to screen for unhealthy cannabis use, in addition to tobacco and alcohol, especially among inner-city AYA.
The Future of Food: Understanding Public Preferences for the Management of Agricultural Resources

The current U.S food system has managed to provide abundant food at a relatively low cost, even as the population increases. However, this unfettered growth is reaching maximum yields as demand for greater food production competes with other uses of agricultural lands. Extant ecological factors such as water scarcity are reducing food productivity, and competition for resources to produce food is becoming more apparent. This research examines public policy preferences of U.S. west coast citizens for the management of agricultural resources through the use of random household surveys. Results suggest overall support among respondents for food policies using regulatory, tax incentive, and voluntary outreach approaches. Multivariate analyses revealed that some social-demography, knowledge, environmental values, political ideology, and environmental efficacy variables were significant predictors of public opposition and support for food policies.
Updates on clinical trials evaluating the regenerative potential of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected nearly 118 million people and caused ~2.6 million deaths worldwide by early 2021, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the majority of infected patients show mild-to-moderate symptoms, a small fraction of patients develops severe symptoms. Uncontrolled cytokine production and the lack of substantive adaptive immune response result in hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or multiple organ failure in severe COVID-19 patients. Since the current standard of care treatment is insufficient to alleviate severe COVID-19 symptoms, many clinics have been prompted to perform clinical trials involving the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties. Several phases I/II clinical trials involving the infusion of allogenic MSCs have been performed last year. The focus of this review is to critically evaluate the safety and efficacy outcomes of the most recent, placebo-controlled phase I/II clinical studies that enrolled a larger number of patients, in order to provide a statistically relevant and comprehensive understanding of MSC’s therapeutic potential in severe COVID-19 patients. Clinical outcomes obtained from these studies clearly indicate that: (i) allogenic MSC infusion in COVID-19 patients with ARDS is safe and effective enough to decreases a set of inflammatory cytokines that may drive COVID-19 associated cytokine storm, and (ii) MSC infusion efficiently improves COVID-19 patient survival and reduces recovery time. These findings strongly support further investigation into MSC-infusion in larger clinical trials for COVID-19 patients with ARDS, who currently have a nearly 50% of mortality rate.
Sexual Functioning in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: A Prospective Study

Objective: To examine the association between sexual functioning, depression and anxiety severity, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use in adolescents. Methods: From September 2010 to December 2014, 15- to 20-year-old participants, either unmedicated or within a month of beginning SSRI treatment, completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) at baseline and every 4 months for up to 2 years. The DSM-IV-TR was used to determine presence of psychiatric disorders. Data regarding use of medications and hormonal contraception were collected. Polymorphisms of the HTR2A and ABCB1 genes were genotyped. Linear mixed-effects regression models examined the association between depression and anxiety symptom severity, SSRI use, and sexual functioning, accounting for relevant covariates. Results: A total of 263 participants (59% female, mean ± SD age = 18.9 ± 1.6 years, 70% with major depressive disorder) contributed to this analysis. After adjusting for age, sex, and duration in the study, depression severity, but not anxiety severity, was associated with lower CSFQ total scores (β = -0.13, P < .0001) and lower arousal, orgasm, and pleasure subscale scores (all β = -0.03, P < .003). Higher SSRI doses were associated with lower orgasm subscale scores (β = -0.30, P < .03). Hormonal contraceptive use was associated with higher CSFQ total scores (β = 0.97, P < .003) and higher arousal (β = 0.25, P < .009), desire (β = 0.24, P < .001), orgasm (β = 0.27, P < .02), and pleasure (β = 0.15, P < .004) subscale scores. No significant genetic moderating effect was found. Conclusions: In adolescents, depression is associated with lower sexual functioning while SSRI use impairs orgasm.
The Will to Control: Ernest Hemingway and the Action of Writing

This chapter investigates Ernest Hemingway’s defense of writers and writing in the prefaces he wrote for himself and others. As a writers’ writer, he often commented on the constraints put upon writers in the literary marketplace. With his prefaces to specific works, including Green Hills of Africa (1935) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938), and the work of others, including books by Kiki (Alice Prin), Elio Vittorini, and Jerome Bahr, Hemingway produced a deliberately controlled persona that enhanced his authority, granted him greater public exposure, and allowed him to defend his positions on good writers and writing while denouncing the critical community. Writing meant action, while critiquing meant passivity; his prefaces reinforce this dictum.
The Capacities of Separate Substances

Having examined the active powers of separate substances, we are now ready to treat of their capacities, or passive potencies.
Abstract 029: Experimental Modest Weight Gain Increases 24-h Blood Pressure in Lean Healthy Subjects: Implications of Increased Visceral Fat

Introduction: Obesity is linked with heightened vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Nonetheless, mechanistic studies addressing the effects of experimental weight gain on blood pressure are lacking. We sought to examine whether experimental weight gain raises ambulatory blood pressure in healthy individuals and identify any relationship between changes in blood pressure and changes in regional fat distribution. Methods: Twenty-six normal weight subjects were randomized to a 8-week period of weight gain through overfeeding (N=16; age 30.4±6.6 years, BMI 23.5±3.5 kg/m 2 ) or weight maintenance (N=10; age 27.1±7.7 years, BMI 23.6±2.7 kg/m 2 ). Measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomographic scans and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were obtained at baseline and at follow-up. Results: Overfeeding resulted in an increase in body weight of 3.7±1.5 kg ( p p 2 , p =0.002) and subcutaneous fat (135.5±77.4 to 167.9±82.9 cm 2 , p p =0.009) and mean blood pressure (MAP) (85.1±4.9 to 86.8±5.1 mmHg, p =0.02), while blood pressure was unchanged in controls. Changes in MAP were positively correlated only with changes in visceral fat (rho=0.452, p =0.02) but not with changes in weight or any other body composition measure. Conclusion: Modest weight gain leads to marked elevation in 24-h blood pressure in lean healthy subjects. The association between increased MAP and abdominal visceral fat accumulation suggests that visceral deposition of adipose tissue may contribute specifically and mechanistically to the enhanced risk of hypertension associated with weight gain.
Cultural and Ethnic Bias in Teacher Ratings of Behavior: A Criterion-Focused Review.

Behavior rating scales are indirect measures of emotional and social functioning used for assessment purposes. Rater bias is systematic error that may compromise the validity of behavior rating scale scores. Teacher bias in ratings of behavior has been investigated in multiple studies, but not yet assessed in a research synthesis that focuses on the role of ethnicity and culture. Teacher bias in ratings of student behavior was investigated through a comprehensive literature review that only included studies with a defensible criterion of true behavior against which to compare rating scores. A final total of 13 studies of teacher bias suggested mixed evidence for bias due to student ethnicity and strong evidence of bias due to teacher culture, particularly when positive stereotypes were violated. Limitations and future directions of research are discussed.
A dynamic game model of optimal stockpile management with price dynamics and constraints

More frequently examined as optimal control problems, economic problems in the optimal management of strategic resource stockpiles can be rigorously studied and solved by formulating them as differential games between competing sovereign producers and consumers. This approach, while less studied, provides a richer and more realistic model of real world stockpiling scenarios. While existing differential game models of stockpiling problems offer varying levels of complexity, several important features have been ignored in the literature. A new model incorporating some of these details is described in this paper, as well as formulations and algorithmic approaches for identifying the Nash equilibria of the model.
A Narrative-Developmental Approach to Early Emotions

Innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte wurde dem Begriff der Narration eine grose Aufmerksamkeit zuteil, gefolgt von der Entwicklung unterschiedlicher narrationsanalytischer Modelle, so dass teilweise bereits von einer "narratological renaissance" (e.g., CURRIE, 1998; HERMAN, 1999) die Rede ist. Versuche, diese Modelle im Feld der fruhen Kindheitsentwicklung anzuwenden, scheinen allerdings bisher beschwerlich. Dies gilt insbesondere fur die Nutzung des Konzeptes der Narration (als theoretischer Rahmen und als methodische Strategie) im Rahmen von Untersuchungen zu psychologischen Prozessen, die dem Spracherwerb vorausgehen. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll ein systematischer Ansatz zur fruhen Emotionsgenese vorgestellt werden, der narrationsanalytischen Konzepten verpflichtet ist. Hierzu wird zunachst kurz die relevante Literatur diskutiert und dann mit dem hier vertretenen narrativ-entwicklungspsychologischen Ansatz in Verbindung gesetzt. Dieser Ansatz geht davon aus, dass Narrationen und Personlichkeitsentwicklung unauflosbar miteinander verbunden sind, und dass Narrationen im Lebenslauf sukzessive aus dem Kommunikationsgeschehen gebildet werden. Anschliesend werden narrationsanalytische Verfahrensschritte vorgestellt, die von der Autorin im Rahmen einer Untersuchung zur Emotionsgenese in Eltern-Baby-Beziehungen entwickelt wurden. Es wird gezeigt, dass der beschriebene narrativ-entwicklungspsychologische Ansatz eine konzeptuell fundierte qualitative Forschungsstrategie bereithalt, um auf einer mikroanalytischen Ebene Prozesse der Emotionsentwicklung und die diesen inharente Genese von Narrationen zu untersuchen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0103147
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Epothilone B Side Chain Analogues

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of epothilone analogues with novel side chains equipped with an amino group are described. Their design facilitates potential conjugation to selective drug delivery systems such as antibodies. Their synthesis proceeded efficiently via Stille coupling of a readily available vinyl iodide and heterocyclic stannanes. Cytotoxicity studies and tubulin binding assays revealed two of these analogues to be more potent than epothilones A-D and the anticancer agent ixabepilone, currently in clinical use.
An Attention-Grabbing Approach to Introducing Students to Argumentation in Science.

AbstractArgumentation and basic logic are foundations of scientific inquiry, and thus should be foundations of science education. Students often are uninterested in formal logic, and do not understand the connection to science or society. I describe a way to engage students in the study of argumentation and to help develop student’s ability to critically analyse argumentation in real-world science contexts. Following a demonstration of fallacious but persuasive argumentation, they practice logic, identifying fallacies, then construct their own arguments.
Nicardipine versus nitroprusside for deliberate hypotension during idiopathic scoliosis repair

Abstract Study objective To compare coagulation, blood loss, and transfusion requirements between patients receiving nicardipine and nitroprusside for deliberate hypotension during idiopathic scoliosis repair. Design Prospective, randomized study. Setting University hospital. Patients 51 ASA physical status I patients presenting for spine fusion for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. Interventions Patients were randomized to two groups to receive nicardipine or nitroprusside to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 55 and 65 mmHg. Measurements Blood loss, blood transfusions, and coagulation studies (thromboelastogram and platelet aggregation) before starting vasodilator, 30 minutes and 90 minutes after starting vasodilator, and 30 minutes after stopping vasodilator, were all recorded. Main results There was no difference between the groups in blood loss [nicardipine = 1,129 cc (893 to 1,480), nitroprusside=960 cc (704 to 1,473)] and only one patient required a nonautologous transfusion. There were no differences in prothrombin time (pT, partial thromboplastin time (pTT), platelet count, or platelet aggregation between groups. There were more episodes of severe hypotension (MAP vs . 28%, p = 0.0175). On average, patients in the nicardipine group spent 21 minutes less in the recovery room than did the nitroprusside group ( p = 0.043). Conclusions Nitroprusside's effect on platelet aggregation produces no increase in blood loss compared with nicardipine. Nicardipine causes less transient severe hypotension than nitroprusside, although both drugs are acceptable choices for obtaining the goals of deliberate hypotension.
Formation constants of some chloride complexes of mercury(II) in methanol-water mixtures

Abstract The solubility of mercury(II) chloride in aqueous mixtures of 0, 8 and 16 per cent methanol and various concentrations of hydrochloric acid was studied. Values of constants for the formation of the mercury-containing species were determined. Agreement with literature values for aqueous solutions is good and indicated the profitability of further studies using this approach in mixed solvent investigations.
Exchange and overlap effects in electron capture ratios: Physical basis and experimental tests

Abstract The physical basis for exchange and overlap corrections in electron capture processes is discussed. A number of experimental comparisons and predictions are presented.
On financial innovations and credit market evolution

Abstract This paper examines the role of financial innovations in the economic development process. It discusses the place of policy intervention in the financial development of developing countries and, through a case study of an innovative bank, illustrates the nature and characteristics of the financial innovations necessary for financing small enterprises and mobilizing resources from low-and-middle-income groups. Such financial innovations are shown to reduce transaction costs and risk and as a result to bring about widening, deeping and intergration of capital markets. This process accelerates economic development through a favorable impact on savings, investment and output.
vSmartMOM: A vector matrix operator method-based radiative transfer model linearized with respect to aerosol properties

Abstract In this paper, we build up on the scalar model smartMOM to arrive at a formalism for linearized vector radiative transfer based on the matrix operator method (vSmartMOM). Improvements have been made with respect to smartMOM in that a novel method of computing intensities for the exact viewing geometry (direct raytracing) without interpolation between quadrature points has been implemented. Also, the truncation method employed for dealing with highly peaked phase functions has been changed to a vector adaptation of Wiscombe's delta-m method. These changes enable speedier and more accurate radiative transfer computations by eliminating the need for a large number of quadrature points and coefficients for generalized spherical functions. We verify our forward model against the benchmarking results of Kokhanovsky et al. (2010) [22] . All non-zero Stokes vector elements are found to show agreement up to mostly the seventh significant digit for the Rayleigh atmosphere. Intensity computations for aerosol and cloud show an agreement of well below 0.03% and 0.05% at all viewing angles except around the solar zenith angle (60°), where most radiative models demonstrate larger variances due to the strongly forward-peaked phase function. We have for the first time linearized vector radiative transfer based on the matrix operator method with respect to aerosol optical and microphysical parameters. We demonstrate this linearization by computing Jacobian matrices for all Stokes vector elements for a multi-angular and multispectral measurement setup. We use these Jacobians to compare the aerosol information content of measurements using only the total intensity component against those using the idealized measurements of full Stokes vector [ I , Q , U , V ] as well as the more practical use of only [ I , Q , U ] . As expected, we find for the considered example that the accuracy of the retrieved parameters improves when the full Stokes vector is used. The information content for the full Stokes vector remains practically constant for all azimuthal planes, while that associated with intensity-only measurements falls as we approach the plane perpendicular to the principal plane. The [ I , Q , U ] vector is equivalent to the full Stokes vector in the principal plane, but its information content drops towards the perpendicular plane, albeit less sharply than I-only measurements.
Behind Our I’s: Grief and Loss in the Poetry of Li-Young Lee

This article uses Kenneth R. Mitchell and Herbert Anderson’s (1983) six modalities of grieving as presented in Donald Capps’ (1993) The Poet’s Gift to bring a pastoral theological perspective to bear on Li-Young Lee’s Behind My Eyes (2008), a collection of thirty-nine poems. In specifically focusing on Lee’s poem “To Hold,” it makes the case for a seventh grieving modality, that of preemptive loss. Employing Mitchell and Anderson’s distinction between faithful and unfaithful grieving, it argues that preemptive loss is an unfaithful form or expression of grieving, and notes the irony and sadness in this regard, as this unfaithful response to grief is informed by what is widely considered to be a faithful Judeo–Christian perspective, rooted in the inescapable sinfulness of humanity.
Regulation of the Kinetics of Phosducin Phosphorylation in Retinal Rods

Phosducin (Pd) is a widely expressed phosphoprotein that regulates G-protein (G) signaling. Unphosphorylated Pd binds to Gbetagamma subunits and blocks their interaction with Galpha. This binding sequesters Gbetagamma and inhibits both receptor-mediated activation of Galpha and direct interactions between Gbetagamma and effector enzymes. When phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Pd does not affect these functions of Gbetagamma. To further understand the role of Pd in regulating G-protein signaling in retinal rod photoreceptor cells, we have measured the abundance of Pd in rods and examined factors that control the rate of Pd phosphorylation. Pd is expressed at a copy number comparable to that for the rod G-protein, transducin (Gt). The ratio of rhodopsin (Rho) to Pd is 15. 5 +/- 3.5 to 1. The rate of Pd phosphorylation in rod outer segment preparations was dependent on [cAMP]. K1/2 for cAMP was 0.56 +/- 0. 09 microM, and the maximal rate of phosphorylation was approximately 500 pmol PO4 incorporated/min/nmol Rho. In the presence of Gtbetagamma this rate was decreased approximately 50-fold. From these data, one can estimate a t1/2 of approximately 3 min for the rephosphorylation of Pd in rods during the recovery period after a light response. This relatively slow rephosphorylation of the Pd.Gtbetagamma complex may provide a period of molecular memory in which sensitivity to further light stimuli is reduced as a result of sequestration of Gtbetagamma by Pd.
A linear-sweep MOS-C technique for determining minority carrier lifetimes

A nonpulse MOS-C τ 0 measurement procedure, based upon the capacitance-voltage characteristics derived in response to a linear voltage sweep initiated and maintained under inversion biases, is described, analyzed, and illustrated. The most significant advantages of the procedure are interpretational and instrumentational simplicity. For typical dopings and oxide thicknesses, the conveniently measured lifetime range covers 0.1 µs ≲ τ 0 ≲ 10 µs. About a decade improvement in the limits on the conveniently measured lifetime range can be achieved by employing relatively thin (0.1 µ) or relatively thick (1 µ) oxides.
Conference report: the sixth ACM conference on electronic commerce

This report summarizes events and activities at the Sixth Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC'05) held June 5-8 2005 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The program featured thirty-one talks, four tutorials, and two invited talks by Ehud Kalai and Jennifer Rexford.
Separate Entrance and Exit Portals for Ligand Traffic in Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabH

Summary Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabH initiates type II fatty acid synthase-catalyzed formation of the long chain (C 16 –C 22 ) acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) precursors of mycolic acids, which are major constituents of the bacterial cell envelope. Crystal structures of M. tuberculosis FabH (mtFabH) show the substrate binding site to be a buried, extended L-shaped channel with only a single solvent access portal. Entrance of an acyl-CoA substrate through the solvent portal would require energetically unfavorable reptational threading of the substrate to its reactive position. Using a class of FabH inhibitors, we have tested an alternative hypothesis that FabH exists in an "open" form during substrate binding and product release, and a "closed" form in which catalysis and intermediate steps occur. This hypothesis is supported by mass spectrometric analysis of the product profile and crystal structures of complexes of mtFabH with these inhibitors.