cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of low-loss RF MEMS capacitive switches

'This letter details the construction and performance of metal membrane radio frequency MEMS switches at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. These shunt switches possess a movable metal membrane which pulls down onto a metal/dielectric sandwich to form a capacitive switch. These switches exhibit low loss (<0.25 dB at 35 GHz) with good isolation (35 dB at 35 GHz). These devices possess on-off capacitance ratios in the range of 80-110 with a cutoff frequency (figure of merit) in excess of 9000 GHz, significantly better than that achievable with electronic switching devices.
DRESS syndrome following ciprofloxacin exposure: An unusual association.

Patient: Female, 24 Final Diagnosis: DRESS syndrome Symptoms: Fever • rash • facial and body swelling • muscular pain • diarrhea Medication: Ciprofloxacin Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Internal Medicine • Hematology Objective: Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment
Child Trauma Within the Context of Parental Incarceration: A Family Process Perspective

Informed by theory and the available empirical research, 3 family processes are identified that contribute to child trauma within the context of a parent's imprisonment: (a) preincarceration factors, including the involvement of the offender parent and children's exposure to arrest; (b) caregiving quality and stability; and (c) the nature of children's visitation experience during the offender parent's confinement. Children whose parents were involved contributors in their day-to-day lives prior to imprisonment, who have been subject to harsh and unstable care and exposed to other traumagenic factors associated with incarceration (e.g., violence, maltreatment), and who have difficult visitation experiences have the most intense and long-lasting traumatic experiences.
Supersonic laminar boundary layer along a two- dimensional adiabaticcurved ramp.

Bodies, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1965, Chap. 6. 18 Ward, G. N., "Supersonic Flow past Slender Pointed Bodies," Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, Vol. II, 1949, pp. 75-97. 19 Carlson, H. W., "Correlation of Sonic-boom Theory with Wind-tunnel and Flight Measurements/ TR-R-213, 1964, NASA. . . 20 George, A. R. and Seebass, A. R., "Multipoles, Waveforms, and Atmospheric Effects," Sonic Boom Research, edited by I. R, Schwartz, SP-180, 1968, NASA, pp. 133-144. 21 Harris, R. V., Jr., "A Numerical Technique for Analysis of Wave Drag at Lifting Conditions," TN D-3586, Oct. 1966 NASA., 22 George A. R., "The Possibilities for Reducing Sonic Boom by Lateral Redistribution," Sonic Boom Research, edited by A. R. Seebass, SP 147, 1967, NASA, pp. 83-93.
Lipid and Biomass Distribution and Recovery from Two Microalgae by Aqueous and Alcohol Processing

The objective of this study was to determine lipid and biomass distribution during aqueous and alcohol processing of oleaginous microalgae, with the intention of fully extracting lipid from the dewatered cell paste. Two species, Nannochloropsis and Schizochytrium, were used. It is shown that most of the total lipid, 73% for Nannochloropsis and 87% for Schizochytrium, was held by the cell solids obtained by centrifugation during the aqueous process, justifying the need to develop a more effective lipid-extraction method. Use of ethanol at elevated temperature enabled efficient extraction of lipid from the cell mass and at the same time improved biomass precipitation and recovery in the solid or cake fraction. More than 68 and 95% of total lipid was recovered on a 50-g scale (as-is paste basis) from Nannochloropsis and Schizochytrium, respectively. Approximately 65% of the biomass was recovered in the solid fraction for both algae from the alcohol process, compared with the much lower biomass recovery, 38 and 16% for Nannochloropsis and Schizochytrium by the aqueous process. Therefore, oil and biomass fractionation by use of pure water is far less effective than fractionation by use of alcohol, and the alcohol process has great promise in algal oil recovery.
Math5 expression and function in the central auditory system

Abstract The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor Math5 (Atoh7) is required for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and optic nerve development. Using Math5-lacZ knockout mice, we have identified an additional expression domain for Math5 outside the eye, in functionally connected structures of the central auditory system. In the adult hindbrain, the cytoplasmic Math5-lacZ reporter is expressed within the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), in a subpopulation of neurons that project to medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), lateral superior olive (LSO), and lateral lemniscus (LL). These cells were identified as globular and small spherical bushy cells based on their morphology, abundance, distribution within the cochlear nucleus (CN), co-expression of Kv1.1, Kv3.1b and Kcnq4 potassium channels, and projection patterns within the auditory brainstem. Math5-lacZ is also expressed by cochlear root neurons in the auditory nerve. During embryonic development, Math5-lacZ was detected in precursor cells emerging from the caudal rhombic lip from embryonic day (E)12 onwards, consistent with the time course of CN neurogenesis. These cells co-express MafB and are post-mitotic. Math5 expression in the CN was verified by mRNA in situ hybridization, and the identity of positive neurons was confirmed morphologically using a Math5-Cre BAC transgene with an alkaline phosphatase reporter. The hindbrains of Math5 mutants appear grossly normal, with the exception of the CN. Although overall CN dimensions are unchanged, the lacZ-positive cells are significantly smaller in Math5 −/− mice compared to Math5 +/− mice, suggesting these neurons may function abnormally. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) of Math5 mutants was evaluated in a BALB/cJ congenic background. ABR thresholds of Math5 −/− mice were similar to those of wild-type and heterozygous mice, but the interpeak latencies for Peaks II–IV were significantly altered. These temporal changes are consistent with a higher-level auditory processing disorder involving the CN, potentially affecting the integration of binaural sensory information.
Modification of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in rat parotid basolateral membranes during aging.

Abstract Previous experiments have shown that senescent rat parotid acinar cells display marked reductions in Ca 2+ release following α 1 -adrenoreceptor stimulation. We report here, that in this naturally occurring perturbation of exocrine secretion, ATP-dependent Ca 2+ transport in the parotid basolateral plasma membrane, the principal Ca 2+ extrusion pathway in the parotid, is also modified. ATP-dependent Ca 2+ transport in membrane vesicles isolated from senescent rats (approx. 24 months) is decreased approximately 30–50% as compared to that in vesicles isolated from younger rats (approx. 4 months). This alteration in Ca 2+ pump activity is not due to (i) non-specific effects of vesicle preparation in the two animal groups, (ii) increased leakiness to Ca 2+ , or (iii) any apparent alteration in permeability of the membrane to K + and Cl − . Kinetic studies demonstrate that the ATP-dependent Ca 2+ transport activity in vesicles from senescent rats has similar maximal velocity to that of vesicles from young adult rats (27 vs. 31 nmol Ca 2+ /mg protein per min), however, it exhibits an approximately 50% increase in K m for Ca 2+ (91 nM vs. 60 nM). Cytosolic free Ca 2+ , measured by Quin 2 fluorescence, in parotid acini following α 1 -adrenoreceptor stimulation was much less elevated in preparations from senescent rats. These results may account, at least in part, for the previously reported physiological alteration in Ca 2+ efflux seen in senescent rat parotid cells.
Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: XXI. Suppressor genes in CHEF cells.

In previous studies, fusions of transformed × nontransformed CHEF cells have produced hybrids that were suppressed for transformed traits and for tumor formation. During subsequent growth, the suppressed phenotypes were lost coincident with chromosome loss, and in one study the loss of anchorage dependence was correlated with loss of chromosome 1. In this paper, suppression of serum and anchorage requirements for growth is examined with the use of double-mutant tester stocks. Nontumorigenic low serum mutants from CHEF/18 cells are shown to complement with the lowered serum requirement of CHEF/16, a tumorigenic line, indicating that the high serum requirement is dominant and regulated by at least two genes. Similar results were previously reported for the anchorage requirement. Suppression of the two traits is found to segregate independently in hybrid subclones with reduced chromosome numbers, showing that different genes control suppression of the serum and anchorage requirements. Evidence for two modes of suppression, by dominant alleles of transformation genes and by unrelated genes, is presented and discussed.
Crystallization sequences of Ca-Al-rich inclusions from Allende: An experimental study

The equilibrium crystallization sequence at 1 atmosphere in air of a melt corresponding in composition to the average composition of Type B Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Allende meteorite is: spinel (1550°C) → melilite (1400°C; Ak22) → anorthite (1260°C) → Ti-Al-rich clinopyroxene (1230°C; “Ti-fassaite”). The melilite becomes increasingly akermanitic with decreasing temperature. The pyroxene is similar in composition to fassaites from Type B inclusions. Preliminary results suggest that the crystallization sequence is similar at oxygen fugacities near the iron-wustite buffer. The results of these experiments have been integrated with available phase equilibrium data in the system CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2TiO_2 and a phase diagram for predicting the crystallization sequences of liquids with compositions of coarse-grained Ca-Al-rich inclusions has been developed. Available bulk compositions of coarse-grained inclusions form a well-defined trend in terms of major elements, extending from Type A and Bl inclusions near the spinel-melilite join to more pyroxene-rich Type B2 inclusions. The trend deviates from the expected sequence of solid condensates from a nebular gas at P = 10^(−3) atm if pure diopside is assumed to be the clinopyroxene that condenses. The Type A-B1 end of the trend is similar in composition to calculated equilibrium condensates at 1202–1227°C and the trend as a whole parallels the sequence of condensates expected from diopside condensation at ~ 1170°C. The trend is consistent to first order with the condensation of solid Ti-rich fassaite in place of pure diopside at higher temperatures than those at which pure diopside is predicted to condense. Partially molten condensates may be likely in this case or if the nebular pressure is higher than 10^(−3) atm.
Habituation of the early pain-specific respiratory response in sustained pain.

Neurokinin-1 receptor and mu-opioid receptor agonists affect respiratory rhythm when injected directly into the preBotzinger brainstem complex, which is the hypothesized site for respiratory rhythmogenesis in mammals (Science 286 (1999) 1566). Early stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is naloxone-insensitive and as such considered independent of the activation of the mu-opioid system. Prolonged application of electrical shocks, however, produces analgesia that is mediated by the mu-opioid system (Science 208 (1980) 623). Together these findings suggest that any early pain-specific increased respiration should be attenuated in the tonic state of pain. Ten healthy, pain-free female volunteer subjects participated in this experimental study involving deep acute and tonic pain. The experimental design included three conditions: (1) baseline; (2) pain; and (3) a placebo control stimulus. Experimental pain was induced by the infusion of hypertonic saline into the masseter muscle. Infusion of isotonic saline in the contralateral masseter was used as a control. Blinded subjects were randomly assigned to a particular sequential order of the experimental stages, i.e. hypertonic saline infusion preceded the isotonic saline infusion or vice versa. Respiration rate, mean peak inspiratory and expiratory flow rates, and the minute ventilation volume quantified breathing. Results indicate that effects on respiration were pain-specific and that the early effects on respiration were significantly attenuated in sustained pain. In the early stage of pain, all monitored variables (respiration rate, minute ventilation volume, and inspiratory and expiratory flow rates) were elevated to statistically significant degrees when compared to measurements taken at baseline or during control infusion. Only respiration rate continued to be significantly elevated in sustained pain. We concluded that rhythmogenic neurons in the preBotzinger brainstem complex appear as the likely target for pro-nociceptive and anti-nociceptive input, explaining both the observed initial facilitation and subsequent habituation of respiration in early and sustained pain.
Safe opponent exploitation

We consider the problem of playing a repeated two-player zero-sum game safety: that is, guaranteeing at least the value of the game per period in expectation regardless of the strategy used by the opponent. Playing a stage-game equilibrium strategy at each time step clearly guarantees safety, and prior work has (incorrectly) stated that it is impossible to simultaneously deviate from a stage-game equilibrium (in hope of exploiting a suboptimal opponent) and to guarantee safety. We show that such profitable deviations are indeed possible specifically in games where certain types of “gift” strategies exist, which we define formally. We show that the set of strategies constituting such gifts can be strictly larger than the set of iteratively weakly-dominated strategies; this disproves another recent assertion which states that all noniteratively weakly dominated strategies are best responses to each equilibrium strategy of the other player. We present a full characterization of safe strategies, and develop efficient algorithms for exploiting suboptimal opponents while guaranteeing safety. We also provide analogous results for extensive-form games of perfect and imperfect information, and present safe exploitation algorithms and full characterizations of safe strategies for those settings as well. We present experimental results in Kuhn poker, a canonical test problem for game-theoretic algorithms. Our experiments show that (1) aggressive safe exploitation strategies significantly outperform adjusting the exploitation within stage-game equilibrium strategies only and (2) all the safe exploitation strategies significantly outperform a (nonsafe) best response strategy against strong dynamic opponents.
Nuclear-Orientation Study of the First-Forbidden β Decays of Au 198

Using a ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ dilution refrigerator coupled with adiabatic demagnetization, ${\mathrm{Au}}^{198}$ has been polarized in a magnetized Fe foil at 5 mK. By measuring the directional distribution of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays emitted following the ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${2}^{+}$ first-forbidden $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decays to ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{198}$, the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ dealignment parameters ${U}_{2}$ and ${U}_{4}$ have been determined. For the 0.96-MeV transition, we find ${U}_{2}=0.795\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007$ and ${U}_{4}=0.347\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. This implies that about 60% of the total decays carry off no angular momentum, about 39% carry off one unit of angular momentum, while 1% \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1% carry off two units of angular momentum. For the 0.29-MeV transition, we find ${U}_{2}=1.047\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.054$, implying that less than 1% of the decays carry off one or two units of angular momentum.
SKFM observation of SCC on SUS304 stainless steel

Abstract We have developed a new SCC test device that enables the SKFM (super Kelvin force microscope) observation. By using this test device, SCC test was done at 343 K and 28% RH with attaching MgCl2 droplets. The crack tip deformation was observed by both KFM and SKFM. The results show that cracks initiated from the pit were usually found within half day. The negative potential parts were observed on both cracked parts and some of slip deformation parts and disappeared with time when the specimen was kept in the air. Discontinuous cracks were often found near the tip of the slip deformation part. These discontinuous cracks joined together and the amount of slip deformation increased with the progress of the crack. The negative potential part is considered to be the part where hydrogen exists. The movement of hydrogen generated by the cathodic reaction plays the important role to create the crack.
Sensing, Triggers and Mobile (Meta)Data

Processing spatio-temporal queries pertaining to the whereabouts of a large number of mobile entities has traditionally been the topic of the Moving Objects Databases (MOD)research. More recently, due to the advances in sensing and communication technologies, part of the Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) applications have focused on tracking of mobile objects. These two observations are enough of to warrant a "call" for a confluence of two relatively new but established disciplines. However we observe that a research field of its own right and, historically older than both MOD and WSN - traffic/transportation management - can also capitalize on merging the existing experiences for its own information fusion desiderata In this talk, we will overview applications from seemingly disparate domains and identify their commonalities in terms of the spatio-temporal contexts, and we will discuss how a reactive behavior with pro-active consequences can be efficiently used for large-scale management of mobile data and meta-data.
Somatotopic representation in the Gasserian ganglion of tactile peripheral fields in the cat.

Abstract In cats, after decerebration, the exposed trigeminal ganglia were studied electrophysiologically. Vertical microelectrode penetrations of the ganglia in cellular areas yielded unit responses which could readily be related to the types and sizes of peripheral fields. The units included in this study were all sensitive to touch of extra- and intraoral structures, and the majority were either hair receptors or tactile receptors of the teeth. Cell bodies in the ganglia related to opthalmic division peripheral fields are located medially in the ganglia, mandibular division cells laterally, with maxillary division cells between. A study of the dorso-ventral lamination of cells showed cells innervating peripheral field farthest from the mouth to be located dorsally in the ganglia while perioral and intraoral structures are innervated by cells near the ventral surface.
Predictors of neurobehavioral symptoms in a university population: a multivariate approach using a postconcussive symptom questionnaire.

AbstractSeveral factors have been linked to severity of postconcussive-type (neurobehavioral) symptoms. In this study,predictors of neurobehavioral symptoms were examined using multivariate methods to determine the relative importanceof each. Data regarding demographics, symptoms, current alcohol use, history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), orthopedicinjuries, and psychiatric/developmental diagnoses were collected via questionnaire from 3027 university students.The most prominent predictors of symptoms were gender, history of depression or anxiety, history of attention-deﬁcit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disability diagnosis, and frequency of alcohol use. Prior mild TBI was signiﬁcantlyrelated to overall symptoms, but this effect was small in comparison to other predictors. These results providefurther evidence that neurobehavioral symptoms are multi-determined phenomena, and highlight the importance ofpsychiatric comorbidity, demographic factors, and health behaviors to neurobehavioral symptom presentation aftermild TBI. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Concussion, Postconcussive symptoms, Post-Concussion Syndrome, Chronic,Orthopedic injury, Neurobehavioral symptoms
Velocity-dependent interactions in mass-14 nuclei

Abstract The non-local Tabakin interaction is applied to a shell-model calculation of 14C and 14N. In one approach, we consider the ground and low-lying states to arise from the configuration p−2; in another, we allow configuration mixing in the 2s-1d shell but restrict ourselves to a closed 12C core. In both calculations, second-order contributions to the t-matrix are taken into account in the plane-wave approximation. The low-lying spectra and 14C → 14N beta-decay are studied. Calculations are carried out for 18O and 18F and compared with results obtained from the hard-core Hamada-Johnston interaction.
Integrated geophysical analysis of subsalt imaging problems in the Gulf of Suez

An integrated geophysical approach resulted in improved images of subsalt reflectors in the Gulf of Suez. These improvements resulted from an improved understanding of subsalt imaging problems in the Gulf. This understanding allowed us to develop processing techniques which limited the effect of these imaging problems. We analyzed the impact of the following subsalt imaging problems on Gulf of Suez seismic data: (1) strong contamination by multiples, (2) weak subsalt reflection strength, and (3) strong raypath distortion. Seismic modeling was used to simulate these effects for two study areas. In both areas the exploration target is hydrocarbons trapped in tilted extensional fault blocks in the prevaporite section. In the first area, the evaporite section is predominantly horizontally layered and there is a hard water bottom. The major imaging problems in this setting are strong water - bottom related multiples and weak reflection strength. We developed a dip - dependent scaling procedure which enhanced preevaporite reflections for both synthetic and real data. In the second area, there has been significant deformation of the evaporite section to form salt walls. In this setting, raypath distortion is the dominant imaging problem, although both of the other factors are also significant. Here we usedmore » prestack depth migration to image preevaporite fault blocks which had not been imaged using other techniques.« less
The Neuropathology of Obesity: Insights from Human Disease

Obesity, a pathologic state defined by excess adipose tissue, is a significant public health problem as it affects a large proportion of individuals and is linked with increased risk for numerous chronic diseases. Obesity is the result of fundamental changes associated with modern society including overnutrition and sedentary lifestyles. Proper energy homeostasis is dependent on normal brain function as the master metabolic regulator, which integrates peripheral signals, modulates autonomic outflow and controls feeding behavior. Therefore, many human brain diseases are associated with obesity. This review explores the neuropathology of obesity by examining brain diseases which either cause or are influenced by obesity. First, several genetic and acquired brain diseases are discussed as a means to understand the central regulation of peripheral metabolism. These diseases range from monogenetic causes of obesity (leptin deficiency, MC4R deficiency, Bardet–Biedl syndrome and others) to complex neurodevelopmental disorders (Prader–Willi syndrome and Sim1 deficiency) and neurodegenerative conditions (frontotemporal dementia and Gourmand’s syndrome) and serve to highlight the central regulatory mechanisms which have evolved to maintain energy homeostasis. Next, to examine the effect of obesity on the brain, chronic neuropathologic conditions (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease) are discussed as examples of obesity leading to maladaptive processes which exacerbate chronic disease. Thus, obesity is associated with multiple pathways including abnormal metabolism, altered hormonal signaling and increased inflammation which act in concert to promote downstream neuropathology. Finally, the effect of anti-obesity interventions is discussed in terms of brain structure and function. Together, understanding human diseases and anti-obesity interventions leads to insights into the bidirectional interaction between peripheral metabolism and central brain function, highlighting the need for continued clinicopathologic and mechanistic studies of the neuropathology of obesity.
Heritability across the distribution: an application of quantile regression.

We introduce a new method for analyzing twin data called quantile regression. Through the application presented here, quantile regression is able to assess the genetic and environmental etiology of any skill or ability, at multiple points in the distribution of that skill or ability. This method is compared to the Cherny et al. (Behav Genet 22:153–162, 1992) method in an application to four different reading-related outcomes in 304 pairs of first-grade same sex twins enrolled in the Western Reserve Reading Project. Findings across the two methods were similar; both indicated some variation across the distribution of the genetic and shared environmental influences on non-word reading. However, quantile regression provides more details about the location and size of the measured effect. Applications of the technique are discussed.
The continuation method for rational and deficient systems

Deficient polynomial systems (those with fewer than the full number of solutions) cannot be solved efficiently with the usual continuation methods. This paper describes a continuation technique which allows some deficient and rational systems of equations to be solved with little wasted computation. Several examples from the literature are discussed.
The noradrenergic system and its involvement in aggressive behaviors

Abstract Although a multitude of variables are associated with the expression of aggression, it is imperative that accurate neurochemical vulnerabilities be understood. Norepinephrine is one neurochemical that has been linked to aggressive behavior displayed by nonhuman and human animals. The purpose of the present review was to interpret research findings regarding this relationship. The authors evaluated previous research in order to determine whether a reliable connection between norepinephrine and aggressive behavior exists. Moreover, the potential nature of the norepinephrine–aggressive behavior relationship is presented. In general, research has found a positive relationship between levels of norepinephrine and aggressive behavior among nonhuman animals and humans. However, multiple studies reporting contradictory results were also reviewed that suggest a nonlinear relationship. Norepinephrine's relationship with aggressive behavior may best be explained in terms of the stress–response system and the type of aggressive behavior elicited. Limitations of the previous studies and ideas for future research are discussed.
The Radiographic Appearance of Coronary Artery Dissection: A Decision-making Dilemma

The appearance of acute iatrogenic dissection of the coronary arteries during coronary angiography is described in five patients. Specific signs of dissection include: 1) intimal flap, 2) delayed flow, 3) loss of side branches, 4) periostial contrast “puddling,” and 5) unusually small size coronary artery with atypical smooth walls. Recognition of the radiographic patterns of this complication should permit distinction from coronary spasm, thrombosis, and embolization. Recent advent of alternate forms of therapy (streptokinase infusion, angioplasty) makes it imperative to precisely diagnose the dissection to avoid possible catastrophic results.
Cardiovascular effects of novel antipsychotic medications

This article reviews current knowledge of cardiovascular effects and drug interactions of the most commonly used novel antipsychotics, including clozapine and the atypical antipsychotics. The literature was reviewed through MEDLINE and PSYCINFO searches of articles published from 1980 to 2001. Materials were located using search terms such as antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics, matched with the terms cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiac risk factor, cardiovascular effects, and cardiac effects. Individual drug names were also searched and their 2001 package inserts were reviewed. Drug compendiums from 1998 to 2001 and some psychopharmacology texts were also used for this review. This article focuses on direct cardiovascular effects of these medications and the most common interactions between the antipsychotic and cardiovascular medications.
Static topographic modeling for facial expression recognition and analysis

Facial expression plays a key role in non-verbal face-to-face communication. It is a challenging task to develop an automatic facial expression reading and understanding system, especially, for recognizing the facial expression from a static image without any prior knowledge of the test subject. In this paper, we present a topographic modeling approach to recognize and analyze facial expression from single static images. The so-called topographic modeling is developed based on a novel facial expression descriptor, Topographic Context (TC), for representing and recognizing facial expressions. This proposed approach applies topographic analysis that treats the image as a 3D surface and labels each pixel by its terrain features. Topographic context captures the distribution of terrain labels in the expressive regions of a face. It characterizes the distinct facial expression while conserving abundant expression information and disregarding most individual characteristics. Experiments on person-dependent and person-independent facial expression recognition using two public databases (MMI and Cohn-Kanade database) show that TC is a good feature representation for recognizing basic prototypic expressions. Furthermore, we conduct the separability analysis of TC-based features by both a visualized dimensionality reduction example and a theoretical estimation using certain separability criterion. For an in-depth understanding of the recognition property of different expressions, the between-expression discriminability is also quantitatively evaluated using the separability criterion. Finally, we investigated the robustness of the extracted TC-based expression features in two aspects: the robustness to the distortion of detected face region and the robustness to different intensities of facial expressions. The experimental results show that our system achieved the best correct rate at 82.61% for the person-independent facial expression recognition.
Multimodality image-based models of carotid artery hemodynamics (Cum Laude Poster Award)

Determination of the hemodynamics conditions in atherosclerotic carotid arteries is important for quantitative assessment of the severity of the disease. Since there are no reliable experimental methods to determine the in vivo wall shear stress distribution in the region of the stenosis, realistic patient-specific image-based finite element models are constructed. The purpose of this paper is to present validation studies based on multi-modality image data of patients with carotid artery disease. The velocity profiles and peak velocity at stenoses computed by the computational fluid dynamics models are in very good agreement with phase-contrast magnetic resonance and carotid Doppler ultrasound measurements, respectively.
Jackknife empirical likelihood tests for distribution functions

Abstract It has been a long history for testing whether the underlying distribution belongs to a particular family. In this paper, we propose some jackknife empirical likelihood tests via estimating equations. The proposed new tests allow one to add more relevant constraints so as to improve the powers. A simulation study shows the effectiveness of the new tests.
A Novel Role for the Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Regulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 mRNA Stability

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in attracting monocytes to sites of inflammation and is the dominant mediator of macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. We have previously shown that glucocorticoids inhibit the secretion of MCP-1 in arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) by markedly decreasing MCP-1 mRNA stability. We now report that the destabilization of MCP-1 mRNA is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The GR antagonist, RU486, blocked the effect of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) on MCP-1 mRNA stability in SMC culture. Using a previously reported in vitro mRNA gel shift and stability assay, antibodies to the GR blocked the ability of cytoplasmic extracts from Dex-treated SMC to decay MCP-1 mRNA. Recombinant human GR (rhGR) bound in a concentration-dependent manner to in vitro transcribed MCP-1 mRNA, whereas other members of the steroid hormone receptor family did not. Binding of GR to MCP-1 mRNA was specific as it was not found to bind other mRNAs. Immunoprecipitation of GR in extracts from Dex-treated SMC followed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that endogenous GR was bound specifically to MCP-1 mRNA. The addition of exogenous rhGR blocked the ability of extracts from Dex-treated SMC to degrade MCP-1 mRNA, suggesting that exogenous rhGR can compete with an endogenous GR-containing degradative complex. These data suggest a novel role for the GR in binding to and facilitating mRNA degradation. These results provide novel insights into GR function and may provide a new approach to attenuate the inflammatory response mediated by MCP-1.
A Novel in vitro Human Macrophage Model to Study the Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Vitamin D3 and Retinoic Acid Activated THP-1 Macrophages

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replicates within the human macrophages and we investigated the activating effects of retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin D3 (VD) on macrophages in relation to the viability of Mtb. A combination of these vitamins (RAVD) enhanced the receptors on THP-1 macrophage (Mannose receptor and DC-SIGN) that increased mycobacterial uptake but inhibited the subsequent intracellular growth of Mtb by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy. RAVD also enhanced antigen presenting and homing receptors in THPs that suggested an activated phenotype for THPs following RAVD treatment. RAVD mediated activation was also associated with a marked phenotypic change in Mtb infected THPs that fused with adjacent cells to form multinucleate giant cells (MNGCs). Typically MNGCs occurred over 30 days of in vitro culture and contained non-replicating persisting Mtb for as long as 60 days in culture. Latent tuberculosis occurs in over a third of the mankind and we propose that RAVD mediated induction of persistence of Mtb within human macrophages provides a novel model to develop therapeutic means.
Dynamic structural disorder in supported nanoscale catalysts

We investigate the origin and physical effects of “dynamic structural disorder” (DSD) in supported nano-scale catalysts. DSD refers to the intrinsic fluctuating, inhomogeneous structure of such nano-scale systems. In contrast to bulk materials, nano-scale systems exhibit substantial fluctuations in structure, charge, temperature, and other quantities, as well as large surface effects. The DSD is driven largely by the stochastic librational motion of the center of mass and fluxional bonding at the nanoparticle surface due to thermal coupling with the substrate. Our approach for calculating and understanding DSD is based on a combination of real-time density functional theory/molecular dynamics simulations, transient coupled-oscillator models, and statistical mechanics. This approach treats thermal and dynamic effects over multiple time-scales, and includes bond-stretching and -bending vibrations, and transient tethering to the substrate at longer ps time-scales. Potential effects on the catalytic properties of these clusters are briefly explored. Model calculations of molecule-cluster interactions and molecular dissociation reaction paths are presented in which the reactant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of dynamically sampled clusters. This model suggests that DSD can affect both the prefactors and distribution of energy barriers in reaction rates, and thus can significantly affect catalytic activity at the nano-scale.
Spatial boundaries and industrial landscapes at Keweenaw National Historical Park

Abstract The geographies of dormant mining districts create preservation and interpretation challenges. Keweenaw National Historical Park (KNHP) is one of a relatively recent ensemble of United States National Park Service (NPS) sites designed to partner the federal government with state and local agencies and businesses. Building upon cultural landscape studies and park management issues, this paper is a case study of how a local community understands spatial boundaries of a public–private partnership park. Collectively, the park and its partners interpret and preserve dormant copper industry landscapes. Given that almost all of the land within park boundaries is privately owned through preexisting settlement, local residents often do not know where park boundaries are located. Ethnographic data reveal that local groups hold contrasting conceptions of which industrial landscapes are within KNHP. Scholars may use this case study to inform their investigations into parks and protected areas commemorating extractive industry heritage.
Echocardiographic characterization of fundamental mechanisms of abnormal diastolic filling in diabetic rats with a parameterized diastolic filling formalism

Abstract Abnormalities of diastolic function (DF) precede systolic dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Transmitral Doppler flow analysis is the primary method for noninvasively assessing DF. We used model-based Doppler E-wave analysis to evaluate diastolic function differences between normal and diabetic rat hearts. Control rats and those with diabetes underwent echocardiography with analysis by traditional Doppler indexes and by the parameterized diastolic filling (PDF) formalism, generating 3 parameters, x 0 , c , and k , that uniquely characterize each E-wave. Significant intergroup differences in the E/A ratios ( P P c ( P x 0 and k between diabetic and control rats. These results indicate that differences in diastolic function may be noninvasively quantified and that diabetic hearts may exhibit defects in uncoupling of the contractile apparatus without concomitant increases in chamber stiffness. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:1166-72.)
Synthesis of a bifunctional hapten designed to mimic both transition state and to induce “bait and switch” catalysis

Abstract An α-aminophosphinic ester based hapten was synthesized to mimic both transition state and to induce “bait and switch” catalysis. This bifunctional hapten was designed to test the feasibility of combining two mechanisms for inducing catalysis in a single molecule with the intent of eliciting more efficient antibody catalysts.
Two RGS proteins that inhibit Gαo and Gαq signaling in C. elegans neurons require a Gβ5-like subunit for function

Abstract Background: Gβ proteins have traditionally been thought to complex with Gγ proteins to function as subunits of G protein heterotrimers. The divergent Gβ 5 protein, however, can bind either Gγ proteins or r egulator of G protein s ignaling (RGS) proteins that contain a G g amma– l ike (GGL) domain. RGS proteins inhibit G protein signaling by acting as Gα GTPase activators. While Gβ 5 appears to bind RGS proteins in vivo, its association with Gγ proteins in vivo has not been clearly demonstrated. It is unclear how Gβ 5 might influence RGS activity. In C. elegans there are exactly two GGL-containing RGS proteins, EGL-10 and EAT-16, and they inhibit Gα o and Gα q signaling, respectively. Results: We knocked out the gene encoding the C. elegans Gβ 5 ortholog, GPB-2, to determine its physiological roles in G protein signaling. The gpb-2 mutation reduces the functions of EGL-10 and EAT-16 to levels comparable to those found in egl-10 and eat-16 null mutants. gpb-2 knockout animals are viable, and exhibit no obvious defects beyond those that can be attributed to a reduction of EGL-10 or EAT-16 function. GPB-2 protein is nearly absent in eat-16; egl-10 double mutants, and EGL-10 protein is severely diminished in gpb-2 mutants. Conclusions: Gβ 5 functions in vivo complexed with GGL-containing RGS proteins. In the absence of Gβ 5 , these RGS proteins have little or no function. The formation of RGS–Gβ 5 complexes is required for the expression or stability of both the RGS and Gβ 5 proteins. Appropriate RGS–Gβ 5 complexes regulate both Gα o and Gα q proteins in vivo.
Aqueous volatiles in hydrothermal fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: temporal variability following earthquake activity

Abstract The Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, experienced intense seismic activity in June 1999. Hydrothermal vent fluids were collected from sulfide structures in September 1999 and July 2000 and analyzed for the abundance of H2, H2S, CH4, CO2, NH3, Mg and Cl to document temporal and spatial changes following the earthquakes. Dissolved concentrations of CO2, H2, and H2S increased dramatically in the September 1999 samples relative to pre-earthquake abundances, and subsequently decreased during the following year. In contrast, dissolved NH3 and CH4 concentrations in 1999 and 2000 were similar to or less than pre-earthquake values. Aqueous Cl abundances showed large decreases immediately following the earthquakes followed by increases to near pre-earthquake values. The abundances of volatile species at the Main Endeavour Field were characterized by strong inverse correlations with chlorinity. Phase separation can account for 20–50% enrichments of CO2, CH4, and NH3 in low-chlorinity fluids, while temperature- and pressure-dependent fluid–mineral equilibria at near-critical conditions are responsible for order of magnitude greater enrichments in dissolved H2S and H2. The systematic variation of dissolved gas concentrations with chlorinity likely reflects mixing of a low-chlorinity volatile-enriched vapor generated by supercritical phase separation with a cooler gas-poor hydrothermal fluid of seawater chlorinity. Decreased abundances of sediment-derived NH3 and CH4 in 1999 indicate an earthquake-induced change in subsurface hydrology. Elevated CO2 abundances in vent fluids collected in September 1999 provide evidence that supports a magmatic origin for the earthquakes. Temperature–salinity relationships are consistent with intrusion of a shallow dike and suggest that the earthquakes were associated with movement of magma beneath the ridge crest. These data demonstrate the large and rapid response of chemical fluxes at mid-ocean ridges to magmatic activity and associated changes in subsurface temperature and pressure.
Epidural anesthesia reduces the gain and maximum intensity of shivering

BackgroundShivering can be characterized by its threshold (triggering core temperature), gain (incremental intensity increase), and maximum intensity. The gain of shivering might be preserved during epidural or spinal anesthesia if control mechanisms compensate for lower-body paralysis by augmenting
Few electron nanostructures: a laboratory for studying strongly interacting systems

Abstract We review some recent experimental and theoretical work on transport through a quantum dot. We emphasize the importance of Coulomb interaction between electrons in a confined geometry and point out that these small structures may serve as new probes of correlation effects in strongly interacting systems.
APOE mRNA and protein expression in postmortem brain are modulated by an extended haplotype structure

Currently the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, inheritance of the APOE epsilon4 allele is not necessary or sufficient for the development of AD. Genetic evidence suggests that multiple loci in a 70 kb region surrounding APOE are associated with AD risk. Even though these loci could represent surrogate markers in linkage disequilibrium with APOE epsilon4 allele, they could also contribute biological effects independent of the APOE epsilon4 allele. Our previous study identified multiple SNPs upstream from APOE that are associated with cerebrospinal fluid apoE levels, suggesting that a haplotype structure proximal to APOE can influence apoE expression. In this study, we examined apoE expression in human post-mortem brain (PMB), and constructed chromosome-phase-separated haplotypes of the APOE proximal region to evaluate their effect on PMB apoE expression. ApoE protein expression was found to differ among AD brain regions and to differ between AD and control hippocampus. In addition, an extended APOE proximal haplotype structure, spanning from the TOMM40 gene to the APOE promoter, may modulate apoE expression in a brain region-specific manner and may influence AD disease status. In conclusion, this haplotype-phenotype analysis of apoE expression in PMB suggests that either; (1) the cis-regulation of APOE expression levels extends far upstream of the APOE promoter or (2) an APOE epsilon4 allele independent mechanism involving the TOMM40 gene plays a role in the risk of AD.
Protein kinase CK2 modulates apoptosis induced by resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in prostate cancer cells

Resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are important candidates as chemopreventive agents by virtue of their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous protein ser/thr kinase that plays diverse roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. We have previously shown that overexpression of CK2 suppresses apoptosis induced by a variety of agents, whereas down-regulation of CK2 sensitizes cells to induction of apoptosis. We therefore investigated whether or not CK2 played a role in resveratrol and EGCG signaling in androgen-sensitive (ALVA-41) and androgen-insensitive (PC-3) prostate cancer cells. Resveratrol- and EGCG-induced apoptosis is associated with a significant down-regulation of CK2 activity and protein expression in both the ALVA-41 and PC-3 cells. Overexpression of CK2alpha protected prostatic cancer cells against resveratrol- and EGCG-induced apoptosis. Relatively low doses (10 mumol/L) of resveratrol and EGCG induced a modest proliferative response in cancer cells that could be switched to cell death by moderate inhibition of CK2. These findings characterize, for the first time, the effects of polyphenolic compounds on CK2 signaling in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostatic carcinoma cells and suggest that resveratrol and EGCG may mediate their cellular activity, at least in part, via their targeting of CK2. Further, the data hint at the potential of using these polyphenols alongside CK2 inhibitors in combination chemotherapy.
Mobile technologies for libraries: A list of mobile applications and resources for development

These statistics are hardly surprising; with advancements in technology and the rise in smartphone use, people are taking advantage of being connected to data wher- ever they are. Mobile phones aren't just phones anymore: they can access e-mail, search the Web, video chat, and play games. Even mobile devices like iPad and iPod touch can bring social media, productivity tools, and entertainment literally into the palm of your hand. Therefore, libraries should be exploring mobile devices as a way to connect with pa- trons. Creating a library application ("app") or mobile Web site that allows patrons to ac- cess library hours, view their library account or even search databases is easier than most people think. The resources below should help libraries begin to plan and implement their own unique mobile presence. Resources were chosen based on rel- evancy, accuracy, and content. Due to cur- rent economic considerations, free mobile applications were chosen over similar paid applications.