cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic reassessment of the novel solid-state thermal energy storage materials: Ternary polyalcohol and amine system pentaglycerine-tris(hydroxymethyl)-amino-methane-neopentylglycol (PG-TRIS-NPG)

Abstract Organic polyalcohol and amine globular molecular crystals such as PG, TRIS, and NPG are considered as the most promising potential candidates for solid-state thermal energy storage in the orientationally disordered high temperature phases. In this study, we first propose a new PG-TRIS-NPG phase diagram based on experimental data of the three sub-binary systems NPG-PG, PG-TRIS, and NPG-TRIS with CALPHAD methodology. The NPG-PG binary phase diagram was optimized using sub-regular models that showed complete miscibility in the entire compositional range of high temperature γ′ (FCC) phase region, and an invariant equilibrium point at 299.5 K. The NPG-TRIS binary system was also calculated using sub-regular model, from sub-ambient to well above the melting temperatures, and determined three invariant equilibria at 311.1 K, 391.8 K, and 410.6 K, respectively. These calculated binary phase diagrams are in good agreement with the experimental data. The PG-TRIS-NPG ternary system has also been calculated and qualitatively analyzed using the CALPHAD method and Thermo-Calc software. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters formulating the Gibbs energies of various phase in the PG-TIRS-NPG ternary system are obtained in the present work. Thermodynamic properties such as several isotherms, isopleths, and liquidus projections are calculated by using present datasets as shown in this work in which the solid ternary compound (TRIS0.5NPG0.5)XPG1−X (0.1≤x≤0.9), (TRIS0.5PG0.5)XNPG1−X (0.1≤x≤0.9), and (PG0.5NPG0.5)XTRIS1−X (0.1≤x≤0.9) with various solid-solid phase transitions at different temperatures could apply to applications in the solid-state thermal energy storage.
Two multivariate generalized beta families

ABSTRACTA multivariate generalized beta distribution is introduced that extends the univariate generalized beta distribution and includes many multivariate distributions, such as the multivariate beta of the first and second kind, the generalized gamma, and the Burr and Dirichlet distributions as special and limiting cases. These interrelationships can be illustrated using a distributional family tree. The corresponding marginal distributions are univariate generalized beta distributions and their special cases. Selected expressions for the moments are reported, and an application to the joint distribution of income and wealth is presented. A simple transformation of the multivariate generalized beta distribution leads to what will be referred to as a multivariate exponential generalized beta distribution, which includes a multivariate form of the logistics and Burr distributions as special cases.
Alkaline Metals Doping into C60 Thin Films

C60 thin films were prepared on GaAs(100) and quartz substrates by two different vapour deposition methods. Rb and Cs were found to be doped in crystalline C60 thin films by the resistance measurement during the course of the doping experiment. The Rb/Cs-doped film showed a superconducting transition at Tc(onset)=24±3 K and Tc(zero)=8 K. The composition of the superconducting film was investigated by µ-Auger Electron Spectroscopy (µ -AES). This is the first confirmation of superconductivity in a Cs/Rb-doped Cgo thin film.
Regimes of Realization: Using Marx and Kalecki to Understand the US Economy, including the Great Recession and the “Recovery”:

By integrating selected Kaleckian and Marxian insights, this paper analyzes the sources of profit realization and the profit rate in the US economy from 1964–2013. The most significant sources of p...
Assessment of the Right-to-Try Law: The Pros and the Cons.

On May 30, 2018, the Right-To-Try bill, allowing the use of experimental, non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs as a last resort for those unable to participate in clinical testing who have also exhausted all other treatment options, was signed into law ([1][1]). At the time this
Glioma Segmentation and a Simple Accurate Model for Overall Survival Prediction.

Brain tumor segmentation is a challenging task necessary for quantitative tumor analysis and diagnosis. We apply a multi-scale convolutional neural network based on the DeepMedic to segment glioma subvolumes provided in the 2018 MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge. We go on to extract intensity and shape features from the images and cross-validate machine learning models to predict overall survival. Using only the mean FLAIR intensity, nonenhancing tumor volume, and patient age we are able to predict patient overall survival with reasonable accuracy.
Cancer of the Esophagus and the Gastroesophageal Junction: Two-cavity Approach

The incidence of esophageal cancer has been increasing by approximately 10% per year in the United States. Approximately, 15,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer each year and 14,000 are expected to die from it. Because of the propensity of esophageal cancer to metastasize early and the often advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, the survival rate has improved only slightly, from 6% to 15%, over the last three decades.
Women’s Rights

Women’s rights have developed within the ongoing political process of identifying, codifying, and fulfilling human rights. Through more than two centuries on the course of women’s rights as human rights, advocates have raised significant ethical and political issues. These include the construction of different types of rights associated with class divisions; the state as a patriarchal institution and violator of human rights as well as the basis of human rights law and its enforcement; international responses to critiques of the state; women’s rights in relation to different rights formations; challenges to the ideology of sex as ‘different natures’ and its social construction as gender in ‘separate spheres’; universalist and cultural relativist conceptions of women’s rights; the state’s role in reproduction and social security; and the concept of development rights as an approach to the fulfillment of women’s rights.
DSM-5. ¿La incorporación definitiva de la psiquiatría en la medicina?

DSM-5 is a significant factor in promoting the "remedicalization" of psychiatry as the focus of psychiatric knowledge, developed by the evidence-based medicine movement, shifted from the clinically-based biopsychosocial model to a research-based medical model. DSM-5 purposes are 1]clinical: diagnosis, prevention, early identification, management, outcome, assessment of improvement; 2] clinical research: etiology, course, effective treatments, cost-effective treatments, reliability and validity and utility of diagnosis; 3] a worldwide common language of diagnostic criteria used by mental health professionals; and 4] to improve communication with users of services, caregivers, and society in general. In the absence of a "gold standard" there are two basic questions still without answers 1] what kind of entities are psychiatric disorders?; and 2] How to integrate the multiple explanatory perspectives of psychiatric illness?.
Dimension independent Bernstein-Markov inequalities in Gauss space

Abstract We obtain the following dimension independent Bernstein–Markov inequality in Gauss space: for each 1 ≤ p ∞ there exists a constant C p > 0 such that for any k ≥ 1 and all polynomials P on R k we have ‖ ∇ P ‖ L p ( R k , d γ k ) ≤ C p ( deg P ) 1 2 + 1 π arctan | p − 2 | 2 p − 1 ‖ P ‖ L p ( R k , d γ k ) , where d γ k is the standard Gaussian measure on R k . We also show that under some mild growth assumptions on any function B ∈ C 2 ( ( 0 , ∞ ) ) ∩ C ( [ 0 , ∞ ) ) with B ′ , B ′ ′ > 0 we have ∫ R k B | L P ( x ) | d γ k ( x ) ≤ ∫ R k B 10 ( deg P ) α B | P ( x ) | d γ k ( x ) where L = Δ − x ⋅ ∇ is the generator of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup and α B = 1 + 2 π arctan 1 2 sup s ∈ ( 0 , ∞ ) s B ′ ′ ( s ) B ′ ( s ) + B ′ ( s ) s B ′ ′ ( s ) − 2 .
Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women, Aged 20 to 44 Years, in the United States.

Background Pregnancy is a cardiometabolic stressor and thus a critical period to address women's lifetime cardiovascular health (CVH). However, CVH among US pregnant women has not been characterize...
Stressful life events, parental psychosocial factors, and glycemic management in school-aged children during the 1 year follow-up of new-onset type 1 diabetes

OBJECTIVE To monitor occurrence of stressful life events, assess correlations with family functioning and parental psychosocial measures, and examine the impact of stressful life events on diabetes management in the first year after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children using a mixed methods design. METHODS In a prospective study of 5- to 9-year-olds with recent-onset T1D (mean age 7.4 ± 1.3 years, T1D duration 4.7 ± 3.3 months), we monitored glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), income, job status, family health, and marital status at baseline and every 3 months up to 1 year. We measured coping, parental depression, and diabetes family conflict at baseline. RESULTS Of 128 families, 53.9% (n = 69) reported 1+ stressful event, with 25.8% reporting income change (n = 33) during this period, 23.4% additional family health changes (n = 30), 22.7% job changes (n = 29), 21.9% changes in child's school (n = 28), and 3.9% changes in marital status (n = 5). Baseline active avoidance coping, parental depression, and diabetes family conflict correlated with a higher number of stressful life events (r = 0.239, P < .01; r = 0.197, P < .05; r = 0.225, P < .01, respectively). There were also cross-sectional associations between HbA1c and income decrease, school change, and job change at various time points in the study. CONCLUSIONS Families can experience concurrent life stressors during the first year of T1D, which relate to coping, depression, and conflict. Consistent with existing literature, stressful life events relate to glycemic management. Future research should explore the individual's or parent's perception of stress and ways that diabetes centers can effectively assist families of youth with T1D and concurrent life stressors.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human brucellosis in Huai'an of Jiangsu Province, 2013-2018

Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human brucellosis in Huai'an of Jiangsu Province, and to provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods Relevant data was collect through "Infectious Disease Report Information Management System". Descriptive epidemiology (population distribution, time distribution, regional distribution) and clinical characteristics analysis of brucellosis were conducted in Huai'an City from 2013 to 2018. Results Totally 704 cases of brucellosis had been reported in Jiangsu Province, with an average annual incidence of 0.146 7/100 000, among which 32 cases (4.55%) had been reported in Huai'an, with an average annual incidence of 0.110 0/100 000 from 2013 to 2018. The annual outcomes (incidence rates) were 2 (0.041 6/100 000), 4 (0.083 4/100 000), 6 (0.124 7/100 000), 6 (0.123 2/100 000), 8 (0.163 6/100 000) and 6 (0.122 1/100 000), respectively. Most of the cases were males (20 cases, 62.5%), and aged mainly focused from 40-< 60 years old (20 cases, 62.5%). The occupation was mainly farmers (21 cases, 65.6%). The contact with animals was mainly sheep, and the contact mode was feeding and slaughtering. The cases mainly occurred from March to September (26 cases), and all districts had cases except Hongze. The main clinical manifestations were fever, fatigue, hyperhidrosis and arthromyalgia, with 30 cases (93.8%), 28 cases (87.5%), 25 cases (78.1%) and 22 cases (68.8%), respectively. Some cases showed enlargement of liver, spleen, lymph nodes and testis. Conclusions The incidence of brucellosis in Huai'an City is on the rise, and the characteristics of population distribution, time distribution and regional distribution are obvious. The clinical features are mainly fever, fatigue, and hyperhidrosis. We should strengthen the monitoring of brucellosis, carry out health education for high-risk groups, and reduce the occurrence of brucellosis. Key words: Brucellosis; Epidemic characteristics; Clinical characteristics
Dual use of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age neonates.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of cigarette smoking and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use during pregnancy on small for gestational age (SGA). Methods We used data from the 2016-2017 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, estimated the risk ratio (RR) for SGA for maternal prenatal cigarette smoking–only use, cigarette smoking, and ENDS use (i.e., dual use), with no prenatal tobacco use as referent, accounting for the complex survey design. We also explored these effects for women who stopped smoking cigarettes during pregnancy among cigarette smokers and dual users. Results Estimated adjusted RR for SGA for cigarette-only users was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 2.7), and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.4) for dual users. These RR estimates increased after correcting for tobacco use misclassification. Women who were dual users (cigarette smokers and ENDS users) and continued using ENDS but stopped smoking cigarettes had an increased risk for SGA compared with nontobacco users, 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5, 6.6). Conclusions Our results in a population representative sample are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to both maternal cigarette smoking and ENDS use increased the risk of SGA. Dual users still had an elevated risk of SGA after smoking cessation.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Intake of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among US Adults in 50 States and the District of Columbia, 2010 and 2015

Frequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with adverse health outcomes, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We used combined data from the 2010 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey to examine the prevalence of SSB intake among US adults in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Approximately two-thirds of adults reported consuming SSBs at least daily, including more than 7 in 10 adults in Hawaii, Arkansas, Wyoming, South Dakota, Connecticut, and South Carolina, with significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Efforts to decrease SSB consumption could consider the sociodemographic and geographic differences in SSB intake when designing equitable interventions.
Genetic Diversity and Clonal Structure of Spartina alterniflora in a Virginia Marsh

We asked how genetic diversity of Spartina alterniflora (Smooth Cordgrass) partitions across multiple spatial scales in mid-Atlantic salt marshes. We analyzed samples from 5 Virginia marshes, spanning ∼ 35 km of coastline, using microsatellite markers to examine genetic diversity and genotype clustering. In a single marsh, nested spatial analysis of the genotypes allowed indirect evaluation of colonization dynamics. Samples collected ≥10 m apart had clonal and allelic diversity levels similar to those of other geographic locations; however, genotypic richness and evenness of samples collected 0.2 and 1.0 m apart were reduced. Sampling scale had little effect on allelic diversity. Expected heterozygosity exceeded observed heterozygosity values at all sites and spatial scales, suggesting Smooth Cordgrass inbreeding is common in these marshes. We hypothesize that the observed spatial patterns indicate there is genetic dominance of a few, well-adapted clones balanced by sexual reproduction and recruitment, especially after disturbance, thereby creating genetically diverse and potentially resilient marshes.
Vapor cannabis exposure generationally affects male reproductive functions in mice

This study was performed to examine whether vapor exposure to cannabis plant matter negatively impacts male reproductive functions and testis development in mice. Adult CD-1 male mice (F0) were exposed to air (control) or 200 mg of vaporized cannabis plant matter 3x/day over a 10 day period. Subsequently, F0 males were bred with drug naive CD-1 females to generate F1 males, and F1 offspring were used to generate F2 males. Cannabis vapor exposure decreased sperm count and/or motility in F0 and F1 males and disrupted the progression of germ cell development, as morphometric analyses exhibited an abnormal distribution of the stages of spermatogenesis in F0 males. Although plasma levels of testosterone were not affected by cannabis exposure in any ages or generations of males, dysregulated steroidogenic enzymes, Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1, were observed in F0 testis. In the neonatal testis from F1 males, while apoptosis was not altered, DNA damage and DNMT1, but not DNMT3A and DNMT3B, were increased in germ cells following cannabis exposure. In contrast, the alterations of DNA damage and DNMT1 expression were not observed in F2 neonatal males. These results suggest that cannabis vapor exposure generationally affects male reproductive functions, probably due to disruption of spermatogenesis in the developing testis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=156 SRC="FIGDIR/small/457271v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (18K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a6782borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b5e42org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c94d78org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fd269d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LICannabis vapor exposure to adult males impairs sperm counts, motility and spermatogenesis. C_LIO_LICannabis vapor exposure to F0 males causes reduced sperm counts in F1, but not in F2 males. C_LIO_LIPlasma testosterone levels are not affected in F0, F1 and F2 males by cannabis exposure. C_LIO_LICannabis increases DNA damage and the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 in the F1 neonatal testis. C_LI
1.2‐dinitrile polymers. II. Homopolymers and copolymers of diphenylmaleonitrile, meso‐ and dl‐diphenylsuccinonitrile, phthalonitrile

Homopolymer of diphenylmaleonitrile, meso- and dl-diphenylsuccinonitrile as well as copolymers with fumaxonitrile and phthalonitrile have been prepared in the presence of free radical initiators of medium high decomposition temperature. The polymers were isolated as black infusible powders, however, completely soluble in acidic solvents. A simple technique for preparing phthalocyanine and derivatives of tetrazaporphin also evolved from this work. Three new tetrazaporphin derivatives have been prepared. Homopolymere von Diphenylmaleinsaurenitril, meso- und dl-Diphenylbernsteinsaurenitril, sowie deren Copolymere mit Fumarsaurenitril und Phthalsaurenitril wurden unter Verwendung, eines Radikalstarters mit relativ hoher Zersetzungstemperatur hergestellt. Die Polymeren sind unschmelzbare, schwarze Pulver, die sich jedoch in Sauren vollstandig losen. Eine einfache Methode zur Darstellung von Phthalocyanin und Derivaten des Tetrazaporphins war ein Nebenergebnis dieser Arbeit. Drei neue Tetrazaporphinabkommlinge wurden dargestellt.
Exospheric temperature of Venus from Mariner 5

The Lyman alpha measurements made on the sunlit side of Venus by Mariner 5 showed that the distribution of the radiating hydrogen atoms was governed by two scale heights. A revised model is presented in which the inner or cold distribution is attributed to hydrogen atoms in thermal equilibrium with the thermosphere and the outer or hot distribution is due to hydrogen atoms produced by the photodissociation of molecular hydrogen. The consequence of this interpretation is that the temperature of the dayside thermosphere of Venus is 325 K.
Food security in the Russian Federation

The article analyzes food security in the Russian Federation. In the international realm, Russia is different from other countries in that it defines security through the prism of national interest. In this regard, Russian leaders have expressed concern over the volume of food imports, the dollar value of imports, and the degree to which the nation lacks self-sufficiency in certain food commodities. In the domestic realm, the evidence about food security is mixed. Food consumption and production have increased since 2000. The paper finds that poverty and food insecurity often go hand in hand. A discussion is presented about which groups in the Russian population are most food insecure. The paper also assesses state policies for their impact on food security.
Evaluation of the Lidar–Radar Cloud Ice Water Content Retrievals Using Collocated in Situ Measurements

AbstractRemote sensing and in situ measurements made during the Colorado Airborne Multiphase Cloud Study, 2010–2011 (CAMPS) with instruments aboard the University of Wyoming King Air aircraft are used to evaluate lidar–radar-retrieved cloud ice water content (IWC). The collocated remote sensing and in situ measurements provide a unique dataset for evaluation studies. Near-flight-level IWC retrieval is compared with an in situ probe: the Colorado closed-path tunable diode laser hygrometer (CLH). Statistical analysis showed that the mean radar–lidar IWC is within 26% of the mean in situ measurements for pure ice clouds and within 9% for liquid-topped mixed-phase clouds. Considering their different measurement techniques and different sample volumes, the comparison shows a statistically good agreement and is close to the measurement uncertainty of the CLH, which is around 20%. It is shown that ice cloud microphysics including ice crystal shape and orientation has a significant impact on IWC retrievals. These...
Human Dendritic Cells: Potent Antigen-Presenting Cells at the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized, bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are critical to the development of immunity. Investigators have emphasized the role of DCs in initiating adaptive or acquired MHC-restricted, Ag-specific T cell responses. More recent evidence supports important roles for DCs in the onset of innate immunity and peripheral tolerance. Progress in the generation of DCs from defined hemopoietic precursors in vitro has revealed the heterogeneity of these APCs and their attendant divisions of labor. This review will address these developments in an attempt to integrate the activities of different DCs in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity.
The Frequency of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and its Associated Risk Factors

This article provides the best current frequency estimate of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), and identifies factors associated with the risk of developing osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) among patients exposed to relevant medications (ie, antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents). MRONJ is a rare but serious complication of cancer treatment or osteoporosis management. This review confirms that antiresorptive medications such as oral or intravenous bisphosphonates and denosumab are the most common risk factors for developing ONJ. The risk of MRONJ is greater in patients with cancer than in those receiving antiresorptive treatments for osteoporosis by a factor of 10.
Dimeric and tetrameric magnesium acetylide complexes. Unique diorganomagnesium aggregates and structural analogy with organolithium aggregates

Treatment of [CpMgMe(Et2O)]2 with phenylacetylene and ferrocenylacetylene at ambient temperature in diethyl ether afforded the tetrameric acetylide complexes [CpMg(μ3-C⋮CPh)]4 and [CpMg(μ3-C⋮CC5H4FeC5H5)]4, respectively. Treatment of [CpMg(μ3-C⋮CPh)]4 with tetrahydrofuran afforded the dimeric acetylide complex [CpMg(μ2-C⋮CPh)(THF)]2. These are the first diorganomagnesium compounds to have close structural analogies with organolithium compounds.
Adenosine receptor agonists attenuate and adenosine receptor antagonists exacerbate opiate withdrawal signs

Previous studies have demonstrated a role for adenosine in mediating opiate effects. Adenosine receptors and their functions have been shown to be regulated by chronic opiate treatment. This study examines the role of adenosine receptors in the expression of opiate withdrawal behaviors. The effects of single doses of parenterally administered adenosine receptor subtype-selective agonists and antagonists on opiate withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice were measured. Mice received subcutaneous morphine pellet treatment for 72 h and then underwent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal after pretreatment with adenosinergic agents. Adenosine agonists attenuated different opiate withdrawal signs. The A1 agonist R-N6(phenylisopropyl)adenosine (0, 0.01, 0.02 mg/kg, IP) significantly reduced wet dog shakes and withdrawal diarrhea, while the A2a-selective agonist 2-p-(2-carboxethyl)phenylethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine or CGS 21680 (0, 0.01, 0.05 mg/kg, IP) significantly inhibited teeth chattering and forepaw treads. Adenosine receptor antagonists enhanced different opiate withdrawal signs. The adenosine A1 antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (0, 1, 10 mg/kg, IP) significantly increased weight loss and the A2 antagonist, 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (0, 1 and 10 mg/kg, IP) enhanced wet dog shakes and withdrawal diarrhea. Treatment effects of adenosinergic agents were not due to nonspecific motor effects, as demonstrated by activity monitoring studies. These results support a role for adenosine receptors in the expression of opiate withdrawal and suggest the potential utility of adenosine agonists in its treatment.
Stability and persistence of two-dimensional patterns

The canonical equations for evolution of the amplitude order parameters order parameters describing the nonlinear development and persistence of two-dimensional three-mode spatial patterns generated by Turing instability in dissipative systems are considered. The stability conditions for persistent hexagonal patterns are generalized, and the conditions under which patterns are either disrupted, exhibit bounded quasiperiodic or chaotic behavior, or decay under nonlinear evolution are derived. These conditions are applied to the specific three-mode amplitude evolution equations derived for the Schnakenberg model and a delay predator system in Chapter 3. Numerical results are presented for the persistence, disruption and decay of patterns in these systems, including fairly detailed comparisons with simulations results for the Snackenberg model.
Nutritional status affects the absorption and whole-body and organ retention of cadmium in rats fed rice-based diets.

Staple grains such as rice, wheat, and maize consumed by different societal groups differ greatly in their concentrations and bioavailability of the cadmium (Cd) antagonists, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca). We hypothesized that the low nutritional status of rice consumers, which results from an inadequate supply of these minerals from rice, could contribute significantly to a higher apparent susceptibility to soil Cd contamination from rice than the higher nutritional status of those who consume other grains with higher mineral content. To test this hypothesis, a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted. Rats were fed diets with adequate or marginal amounts of dietary Zn, Fe, or Ca. The basal diets contained 40% unenriched, milled rice fortified with 0.62 mg of Cd/kg as CdCl2 (0.25 mg of Cd/kg diet). Rat consumed the diets for 5 weeks and then were fed 1 g of a similar diet containing 109Cd-labeled rice. After 2 weeks, whole-body (WB) retention of 109Cd was determine. Rats then were killed, and the...
A kinetic study of the thermal rearrangement of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-vinylcyclopropane

Abstract 2-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-vinylcyclopropane ( 6 ) has been synthesized and its thermal rearrangement investigated. Both the interconversion of the cis and trans isomers of 6 and its irreversible conversion to a mixture of 3- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentenes (1:3.9 ratio) proceeded slower than those of any previously reported 2-substituted vinylcyclopropane. It can be concluded that a trifluoromethyl substituent has little if any effect on CC bond dissociation energies or upon carbon radical stability.
Functional, non-clonal IgMa-restricted B cell receptor interactions with the HIV-1 envelope gp41 membrane proximal external region.

The membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 has several features that make it an attractive antibody-based vaccine target, but eliciting an effective gp41 MPER-specific protective antibody response remains elusive. One fundamental issue is whether the failure to make gp41 MPER-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies like 2F5 and 4E10 is due to structural constraints with the gp41 MPER, or alternatively, if gp41 MPER epitope-specific B cells are lost to immunological tolerance. An equally important question is how B cells interact with, and respond to, the gp41 MPER epitope, including whether they engage this epitope in a non-canonical manner i.e., by non-paratopic recognition via B cell receptors (BCR). To begin understanding how B cells engage the gp41 MPER, we characterized B cell-gp41 MPER interactions in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, we found that a significant (approximately 7%) fraction of splenic B cells from BALB/c, but not C57BL/6 mice, bound the gp41 MPER via their BCRs. This strain-specific binding was concentrated in IgM(hi) subsets, including marginal zone and peritoneal B1 B cells, and correlated with enriched fractions (approximately 15%) of gp41 MPER-specific IgM secreted by in vitro-activated splenic B cells. Analysis of Igh(a) (BALB/c) and Igh(b) (C57BL/6) congenic mice demonstrated that gp41 MPER binding was controlled by determinants of the Igh(a) locus. Mapping of MPER gp41 interactions with IgM(a) identified MPER residues distinct from those to which mAb 2F5 binds and demonstrated the requirement of Fc C(H) regions. Importantly, gp41 MPER ligation produced detectable BCR-proximal signaling events, suggesting that interactions between gp41 MPER and IgM(a) determinants may elicit partial B cell activation. These data suggest that low avidity, non-paratopic interactions between the gp41 MPER and membrane Ig on naive B cells may interfere with or divert bnAb responses.
Effective OPC pattern generation using chemically amplified resist for 0.13-um design rule masks

We investigated the printability of various OPC patterns with different sizes and densities for mask technology below 0.13 micrometers design rule using CAR and 50kV e-beam system. Because of high resolution characteristics of CAR process with high acceleration voltage system, we obtained OPC printability of 0.12 micrometers even in scattering bar type and excellent pattern fidelity. How to design to get required OPC pattern, design guide was considered in this work and discussed the applicability of CAR process to practical manufacturing of OPC masks of 0.13 micrometers design rule or less.
Heterogeneity in Primary Structure, Post-Translational Modifications, and Germline Gene Usage of Nine Full-Length Amyloidogenic κ1 Immunoglobulin Light Chains†

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disease in which a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain (LC) with a critically folded β-conformation self-aggregates to form highly ordered, nonbranching amyloid fibrils. The insoluble nature of amyloid fibrils ultimately results in the extracellular deposition of the LC in tissues and organs throughout the body. Structural features that confer amyloidogenic properties on an Ig LC likely include amino acid sequence variations and post-translational modifications, but the specific natures of these changes remain to be defined. As part of an exploration of the effective range of amyloidogenic modifications, this study details the structural and genetic analyses of nine κ1 LC proteins. Urinary LCs were purified by size exclusion chromatography using FPLC, and structural analyses were performed by electrospray ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry. RT-PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing ...
Influence of field margin type on weed species richness and abundance in conventional crop fields

Natural vegetation occurring on farms in field margins, fallow fields, ditch systems and neighboring forests, provides increased biodiversity, structural diversity, habitat for wildlife and beneficial insects, and can act as a protective buffer against agrochemical drift. Nevertheless, farmers frequently view these areas as non-productive and as potential sources of weeds, insect pests and diseases. Weed species richness and abundance were examined in crop fields in 2002–2003 at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems near Goldsboro, NC to determine if crop field weed infestation was associated with field margin management (managed versus unmanaged). Weed species abundance and richness were measured over two growing seasons on four occasions in crop fields along permanent transects that extended from the field edge toward the center of the field. The presence/absence of data for all plant species in the field margin was also recorded. For both margin types, managed and unmanaged, more weeds were found near the field edge than in the center of the field. Weed species richness was slightly higher in cropland bordering managed margins than in cropland along unmanaged margins. Several significant interactions led to an examination of nine dominant weed species in each field margin type and their distribution in crop fields. When all sampling dates were pooled, only 42 (40%) of 105 species identified in the field margins were observed in the crop field. Managed margins had lower species richness than unmanaged field margins—less than half the mean number of species (15 versus 6 species, respectively). Contingency table analysis did not reveal any association between plant species occurring in the margin and those found in the crop field. Furthermore, margin type and weed presence in the field margin were not effective predictors of weed occurrence in the crop field as determined by logistic regression.
Short-term cross-cultural study tours: : impact on cultural intelligence

This paper examines whether short-term cross-cultural study tours enhance the four factors of cultural intelligence (CQ): metacognition, cognition, motivation and behavior. CQ has exhibited high correlations between higher levels of CQ and positive attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. As a capability, CQ appears malleable and, thus, open to change and improvement. Data were collected from working professionals in an MBA program both before and after participating in an experientially oriented 11- or 12-day short-term cross-cultural study tour. Results supported three of the four hypotheses, suggesting that short-term cross-cultural study tours exhibited a significant relationship with enhanced metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ and motivational CQ. The results did not reveal a significant relationship between the study tours and behavioral CQ.
A fully systolic adaptive filter implementation

The authors describe the algorithmic and architectural structure of a representative case of the Harris Semiconductor systolic LMS (least mean square) implementations. Comparison of the systolic and standard transversal LMS implementations of an adaptive filter are given. All of the architectures have a common structure: a systolic tap weight update section followed by a systolic FIR (finite impulse response) filter section. The key to these architectures is a modified coefficient update methodology which facilitates the interface between the two sections. The effects of this methodology are presented. Simulations have shown that the convergence of the systolic filters is comparable to that of the transversal filter for a wide range of filter parameters. >
Page kidney resulting from massive subcapsular hematoma Complication of lumbar sympathetic nerve block

The Page kidney is a recognized cause of hypertension. A massive subcapsular hematoma caused by a lumbar sympathetic nerve block resulted in a Page kidney. To our knowledge, this sequence has not been reported. Small hematomas may be treated conservatively, but massive subcapsular hematomas should be decompressed when the patient is clinically stable. Diagnostic features, therapeutic considerations, and pertinent references are discussed.
Transmission ratio distortion at the T-locus: Serological identification of two sperm populations int-heterozygotes

Certain recessive t - alleles in the house mouse are transmitted from male heterozygotes in proportions much higher than expected. Males of genotypes of T/tx (T=Brachyury, a dominant marker at the locus) or +/tx produce progeny of which 70 - 99% are themselves heterozygous for tx; the actual ratio is characteristic of a particular allele. T/+ males, however, give normal 50:50 ratios. This transmission ratio distortion is clearly sperm-dependent, since observations on pre-natal and postnatal litter size show that normal numbers of eggs are fertilized and survive in females mated with t-heterozygotes. Cytological studies of gametogenesis and of spermatozoa in t-heterozygotes have not provided evidence that sperm of the two possible haploid genotypes are produced in unequal numbers, although this possibility cannot be completely dismissed. In animals, there is little evidence for gene activity in male gametes after segregation (see Beatty 1970) since virtually all forms of genetic lesions are transmitted normally by sperm. Recently, and more germane, Lyon et al. (1971) have presented evidence that sperm deficient for the chromosome segment carrying the T-locus can successfully fertilize eggs, suggesting that a haploid expression at this locus is not essential for normal sperm function. Nevertheless, the simplest explanation for the ratio distortion effect of the t-alleles remains a post-meiotic phenomenon. The demonstration that cell surface components on sperm are specified by alleles of the T-locus allowed us to re-investigate the transmission ratio distortion in an
Contemporary Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Attachment

Bowlby's theoretical conception of attachment represented a highly original and substantively unique paradigm for understanding the psychological and social development of human infants, as well as the short- and longer-term sequelae of failures in attachment. His ideas have also been highly generative, leading to a vast scientific literature that now encompasses several different disciplinary domains. Moreover, unlike many psychoanalytic developmental concepts, Bowlby's attachment theory is regarded by many social scientists as eminently researchable. Nevertheless, despite increasing popularity, Bowlby's ideas about human development are not universally embraced by dynamically oriented clinicians, who may favor other theoretical frameworks to explain developmental phenomena or psychopathology, or perhaps both. How are we to understand Bowlby's ideas about attachment, separation, and loss in light of other psychoanalytic developmental theories? To address this issue, the “goodness of fit” between attachme...
Simplified experimental ureteroneocystostomy

Improvement in renal transplantation has been the result of increased clinical experience and laboratory investigation. One of the causes of transplant failure is urinary leakage and slough at the ureteroneocystostomy site. A simplified extravesical ureteral implantation technique is described. This method has been used in more than 200 canine renal transplants producing consistently good results.
Instantaneous Coulomb interaction in quantum chromodynamics

The instantaneous Coulomb interaction is studied in the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. The Coulomb Green's function and quark-antiquark static potential are evaluated in a background gauge field that is spherically symmetric and of short range. Expansion of the Coulomb Green's function in vector spherical harmonic functions reduces the problem to a radial problem. The radial problem can be solved if the background field is taken to be sharply cut off at a range $\ensuremath{\rho}$. Translation invariance is restored by averaging the potential over superpositions of the background field in the dilute-gas approximation. The resulting potential $V(R)$ is asymptotically proportional to ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The strength of the potential is examined as a function of the magnitude of the background field. It is argued that instantons produce vacuum fluctuations similar to the background field that is used here.
Cruciform-extruding regulatory element controls cell-specific activity of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is expressed specifically in catecholaminergic cells. We have identified a novel regulatory sequence in the upstream region of the bovine TH gene promoter formed by a dyad symmetry element (DSE1;-352/-307 bp). DSE1 supports TH promoter activity in TH-expressing bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin (BAMC) cells and inhibits promoter activity in non-expressing TE671 cells. DNase I footprinting of relaxed TH promoter DNA showed weak binding of nuclear BAMC cell proteins to a short sequence in the right DSE1 arm. In BAMC cells, deletion of the right arm markedly reduced the expression of luciferase from the TH promoter. However, deletion of the left DSE1 arm or its reversed orientation (RevL) also inactivated the TH promoter. In supercoiled TH promoter, DSE1 assumes a cruciform-like conformation i.e., it binds cruciform-specific 2D3 antibody, and S1 nuclease-cleavage and OsO4-modification assays have identified an imperfect cruciform extruded by the DSE1. DNase I footprinting of supercoiled plasmid showed that cruciformed DSE1 is targeted by nuclear proteins more efficiently than the linear duplex isomer and that the protected site encompasses the left arm and center of DSE1. Our results suggest that the disruption of intrastrand base-pairing preventing cruciform formation and protein binding to DSE1 is responsible for its inactivation in DSE1 mutants. DSE1 cruciform may act as a target site for activator (BAMC cells) and repressor (TE671) proteins. Its extrusion emerges as a novel mechanism that controls cell-specific promoter activity.
Phorbol-induced recruitment of lymphocytes for spontaneous cytolysis of natural killer-insensitive tumor targets.

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells lyse a variety of tumor cells in vitro whereas NK-depleted unsensitized lymphocytes do not have this effect. In studies designed to elucidate the NK phenomenon, a series of experiments was carried out to identify properties of NK-sensitive targets and compare these with those of NK-insensitive targets and with targets rendered sensitive by treatment with phorbol esters. Following brief exposure to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), the targets were thoroughly washed, and then incubated with lymphocyte preparations which were either enriched for or depleted of NK cells. PMA treatment increased the susceptibility of sensitive targets to NK-enriched fractions by only 20–30%, but made the NK-cell-insensitive targets markedly vulnerable to these effectors (80% lysis). Unexpectedly, brief PMA exposure also rendered cells susceptible to lysis by NK-cell-depleted lymphocytes. Yet, such targets were not killed by monocytes or B lymphocytes. Elimination of T8 lymphocytes from the NK-depleted fractions abolished lysis. To explore whether PMA had induced membrane changes not detectable on electron microscopy of thin sections, freeze-fracture studies were carried out on target cells before and after treatment with PMA. Freeze-fracture replicas of target cells which had been exposed to PMA exhibited a 50% reduction of the intramembranous particles (IMP) on the external leaflet of the plasma membrane but no changes in the number or size of the IMP associated with the protoplasmic leaflet face. The exact relationship of the structural changes and enhanced susceptibility to cytolysis has not yet been established. However, the observation that normal and tumor cells can be rendered vulnerable to lysis by lymphocytes which have not been sensitized immunologically may have practical applications.
Heat transfer in a second order viscoelastic boundary layer flow at a stagnation point

Abstract The steady and transient heat transfer characteristics of a second order viscoelastic boundary layer flow at a stagnation point have been studied in this paper. The implicit cubic spline numerical procedure is used to solve the governing boundary layer equations. The details of the temperature profiles and wall heat flux rates have been graphically illustrated. The range of values of the Prandtl number was from 5 to 1000 while the Weissenberg number was varied from 0.1 to 0.3.
Sleep Spindles in Epilepsy

Spindles are a ubiquitous phenomenon in sleep, but their physiology and the effects of neurologic disorder on their frequency and amplitude are incompletely understood. We compared the incidence of three commonly defined spindle types (14-15 Hz, 12-13 Hz, and 10 Hz) and the frequency and amplitude of spindles during Stage II sleep in 50 patients with complex partial, partial and secondarily generalized, and primary generalized seizures, with and without interictal behavioral symptoms. All patients had 12-13 Hz and 14-15 Hz spindles of symmetric character in C3-A1 and C4-A2 derivations during prolonged sleep-deprived EEG recordings, which were normal except for partial or generalized epileptiform activity. Seventy-one per cent of complex partial seizure patients had 10 Hz spindles, and they occurred in 50% of the other two groups, predominating among those with interictal behavioral symptoms in all groups. Spindle frequency was significantly less in patients with generalized epilepsy than with partial seizures, and patients with complex partial seizures and partial seizures with secondary generalization differed significantly in spindle frequency. Spindle frequency was significantly lower with polypharmacy than with monotherapy. Patients whose regimens included phenobarbital had significantly lower spindle frequencies and spindle frequencies differed significantly between phenytoin and carbamazepine. Differences in spindle frequency may be due to residual medication effects, underlying encephalopathy or physiological differences between partial and generalized epilepsy.
Efficient microwave assisted access to chiral O-(α-protected-aminoacyl)steroids

Abstract Chiral O-(α-protected-aminoacyl)steroids 4a–f, 6a–b, 8 and 4a + 4d and O-(α-protected-dipeptidoyl)steroids 12a,b are conveniently prepared under microwave irradiation in isolated yields of 65–96%, with complete chirality retention. The reaction utilized readily available N-(Z-α-aminoacyl)benzotriazoles 2a–f and Z-dipeptidoylbenzotriazole 11, with naturally occurring steroidal alcohols 3,5,7,9.
First X-Ray Scattering Studies on Electrostatically Levitated Metallic Liquids: Demonstrated Influence of Local Icosahedral Order on the Nucleation Barrier

To explain the unusual stability of undercooled liquids against crystallization, Frank hypothesized that the local structures of undercooled liquids contain a significant degree of icosahedral short-range order, which is incompatible with long-range periodicity. We present here the first direct experimental demonstration of Frank's complete hypothesis, showing a correlation between the nucleation barrier and a growing icosahedral short-range order with decreasing temperature in a Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21 liquid. A new experimental facility, BESL (Beamline Electrostatic Levitation), was developed to enable the synchrotron x-ray structural studies on deeply undercooled, reactive liquids.