cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerial distribution, flight behaviour and eggload: their inter-relationship during dispersal by the sweetpotato whitefly

1. The aerial distribution of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (the sweetpotato whitefly) was studied during the early ascent phase of flight, to test the degree to which dispersal patterns reflect the flight behaviour of individuals. 2. Marked whiteflies were trapped at four heights between 0 and 7·2 m above fallow ground, and at six distances between 0 and 100 m from the insect source. Insects were trapped during a 2–3 h period after the initiation of flight activity during the summers of 1995 and 1996. 3. Analysis of trap catch data revealed a clear negative exponential relationship between height and aerial distribution, and a slightly weaker negative power relationship between distance and aerial distribution. Marked insects were caught in the uppermost traps adjacent to the source, indicating that a portion of the population had a strong capacity for ascent out of the flight boundary layer. 4. Eggload decreased with the height, but not the distance, at which whiteflies were trapped. Mean eggload close to the ground was significantly greater than that for those trapped at 4·8 and 7·2 m, supporting the hypothesis that there is a trade-off between flight and oogenesis in weak-flying insects. 5. Air temperatures during the trapping periods were positively correlated with the proportion of male and female B. tabaci caught in the highest traps, but not in the most distant traps. 6. The significance of these results for accurate prediction of whitefly dispersal is discussed, and the importance of individual's behaviour in determining dispersal patterns of small insects is emphasized.
An optimal fault-tolerant nonredundant broadcasting scheme in injured hypercubes

Abstract We propose a nonredundant broadcasting scheme for injured hypercube multicomputers with direct-connection capability, that is, where each hypercube node has a separate router. The proposed scheme is first presented to cover faulty links only. Under the assumption that no more than n − 1 faulty links exist in an injured n-cube, the proposed scheme is optimal in the sense that it generates a spanning binomial tree from a given node whenever there exists such a tree originated from that node. The scheme is also extended to cover both node and link faults. Although the extended scheme is no longer optimal, we show that by using the extended scheme the maximum number of routing steps required from the source node s to any other node a is H(s, a) + 2, where H stands for the Hamming distance. The proposed scheme uses global network information. Evaluation studies show that the proposed scheme achieves optimal broadcasting a high percentage of times.
The STARS Leadership Corps: Case studies in broadening participation in computing

We have formed the STARS Alliance to address alarming declines in computing enrollments and the need to broaden participation in computing. Our innovative STARS Leadership Corps engages college students in a community dedicated to giving back, persevering, and striving for excellence. The successful Corps model incorporates best practices in recruiting and retention in computing, including student experiences in outreach, research, and service. We present case studies of three diverse implementations of the STARS Leadership Corps that demonstrate how the Corps can be tailored to individual institutions and student interests.
Blood utilization in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass.

Neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are exposed to multiple blood products from different donors. The volume of the bypass circuit is often as large as the p...
Measurement and Uncertainty of Heat Flux to a Rail-Cask Size Pipe Calorimeter in a Pool Fire

The goal of this work was to measure the temporally varying heat flux and surface temperature of a pipe calorimeter in a pool fire, and assess its uncertainty. Three large-scale fire tests were conducted at the Sandia National Laboratories outdoor fire test facility. In each test a cylindrical calorimeter was suspended above a water pool with JP8 fuel floating on top. The calorimeter was a 2.4 m diameter, 4.6 m long, and 2.5 cm wall thickness pipe with end-caps suspended 1 m above the 7.2 m diameter pool. 58 thermocouples were attached to the calorimeter interior surface and backed with 8 cm of insulation. The Sandia One-Dimensional Direct and Inverse Thermal (SODDIT) code was used to determine the calorimeter external surface heat flux and temperature from the measured interior surface temperature versus time.
A microstrip-based quasi-optical polarization rotator array

A low-loss quasi-optical Ka-band polarization rotator array with 18% bandwidth has been designed and tested. Each cell of the array consists of a pair of input probe antennas connected via microstrip lines to orthogonally oriented output probe antennas. The design shows promise for use as an active array, as multistage MMIC amplifiers can be inserted in a straightforward manner into each cell. >
Tuning through the critical regime of the metal-insulator transition in conducting polymers by pressure and magnetic field

Abstract In the critical regime of the disorder-induced metal-insulator (M-I) transition, the temperature dependence of conductivity follows a power law, σ ( T ) ∝ T β , and the reduced activation energy function, W = T { Δ (ln ϱ )/ ΔT }, is temperature independent ( W = β ). We have observed transport in the critical regime for four conducting polymer systems: potassium-doped polyacetylene (C-CH) x ), iodine-doped polyacetylene (C-(CH) x ), phosphorous hexafluoride-doped polypyrrole (PPy-PF 6 ) and camphor sulfonic acid-doped polyaniline (PANI-CSA). For oriented polyacetylene doped with either potassium or iodine and for PPy-PF 6 , W is temperature independent over a wide temperature range at ambient pressure; while, at high pressures (8–10 kbar), W has a positive temperature coefficient, indicating a pressure-induced crossover to the metallic regime. The enhanced interchain transport at high pressures causes the crossover from the critical regime to metallic behaviour. Application of a magnetic field (8 T) leads to a negative temperature coefficient of W for K-(CH) x , PPy-PF 6 and PANI-CSA, indicating a crossover from the critical regime to the insulating regime. Magnetic field-induced localization causes the crossover from the critical regime to insulating behavior. Thus, the electrical properties of conducting polymers can be tuned through the disorder-induced critical regime of the M-I transition into the metallic or insulating regimes by pressure and magnetic field, respectively.
A 31P NMR study of the GI tract: Effect of fructose loading and measurement of transverse relaxation times

The effect of fructose loading on high-energy phosphates in the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine of rats was studied using 31P NMR. Following fructose loading, an increase in the intensity of the PME resonance was observed in the jejunum, indicating an accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate. There were no significant changes in ATP or Pi. This demonstrates that the activity of fructokinase in the jejunum can be monitored by 31P NMR. Fructose loading had no detectable effect on metabolite levels in the ileum and large intestine. Resolution of intestinal spectra was poor due to unusually large linewidths and the presence of broad underlying signals. To study the mechanism of line broadening, the T2's of the phosphorus resonances were measured using a solenoidal coil. The T2's of the ATP, Pi, PME, and PCr resonances were much longer than the T2's, suggesting that the linewidths of these resonances are primarily due to susceptibility gradients and/or compartmentation of metabolites. Other signals, particularly in the PDE region, were homogeneously broadened and had very short T2's. Spin echoes obtained with evolution times of 1 to 4 ms suppressed these broad components, with little loss of intensity in the inhomogeneously broadened resonances; as a result, resolution was improved.
Investigating the Relationship Between Atomic Structure and Carrier Depletion at [001] tilt Grain Boundaries in Ybco

Recent theoretical analyses [1] have suggested that the origin of the reduced Jc at grain boundaries in high-Tc superconductors may be band bending, which results in the depletion of mobile charge carriers at the boundaries. For this to occur in these p-type superconductors there must, by definition, be a high density of localized donor states in the boundary plane. Here we report a “structural unit” analysis of [0011 tilt grain boundaries in YBa2Cu 3O7-δ (YBCO) that indicates there may be a simple structural origin for such localized donor states.
Induction Over the Unexplained: Using Overly-General Domain Theories to Aid Concept Learning

This paper describes and evaluates an approach to combining empirical and explanation-based learning called Induction Over the Unexplained (IOU). IOU is intended for learning concepts that can be partially explained by an overly-general domain theory. An eclectic evaluation of the method is presented which includes results from all three major approaches: empirical, theoretical, and psychological. Empirical results show that IOU is effective at refining overly-general domain theories and that it learns more accurate concepts from fewer examples than a purely empirical approach. The application of theoretical results from PAC learnability theory explains why IOU requires fewer examples. IOU is also shown to be able to model psychological data demonstrating the effect of background knowledge on human learning.
An unusual finding after cardiac transplantation.

A41-YEAR-OLD WOMAN with a history of nonischemic cardiomyopathy was admitted for cardiac transplantaion. Seven months previously, a Jarvik left ventricular assist evice (Jarvik Heart, Inc, New York, NY) had been imlanted as a bridge to transplantation. Other pertinent medcal history included an implantable cardioverter-defibrillaor, chronic kidney disease, and tobacco abuse. The patient nderwent an uneventful anesthetic and surgical course that ncluded left ventricular assist device explantation and an rthotopic cardiac transplantation. While being weaned from ardiopulmonary bypass, a transesophageal echocardioraphic (TEE) examination was performed (Figs 1-3 and ideos 1-3 [supplementary videos are available online]). hat is the diagnosis? Fig 1. Transesophageal 2-dimensional echocardiographic image showing midesophageal 4-chamber view.
Fusion of color, shading and boundary information for factory pipe segmentation

Image segmentation has traditionally been thought of us a low/mid-level vision process incorporating no high level constraints. However, in complex and uncontrolled environments, such bottom-up strategies have drawbacks that lead to large misclassification rates. Remedies to this situation include taking into account (1) contextual and application constraints, (2) user input and feedback to incrementally improve the performance of the system. We attempt to incorporate these in the context of pipeline segmentation in industrial images. This problem is of practical importance for the 3D reconstruction of factory environments. However it poses several fundamental challenges mainly due to shading. Highlights and textural variations, etc. Our system performs pipe segmentation by fusing methods from physics-based vision, edge and texture analysis, probabilistic learning and the use of the graph-cut formalism.
Social security reform: Does partial privatization make sense for China?

Abstract By the year 2025, one quarter of the world's population over age 60 will be living in China, a nation in the process of partially privatizing its social security system. This article presents a brief history of social security policy in China, describes the current scheme, presents an analysis of the pros and cons of this scheme, and asks why China is currently on the road to adopting policy changes that are so strongly influenced by the neoliberal social security model being advanced by the World Bank. Social security policy in China is being driven largely by demographic considerations, but it is also being influenced by factors linked to globalization. The plan to partially privatize the nation's social security system will put at risk many vulnerable categories of the population, particularly women, low-wage workers, those in the informal sector, and recent immigrants from rural areas.
Automatic and language independent triphone training using phonetic tables [speech recognition]

Training triphone acoustic models for speech recognition is time-consuming and requires important manual intervention. We present an alternative solution, performing automatic training by use of a pronunciation phonetic table which summarizes the articulatory characteristics of the target language. The method is able to train triphones for any language, given an existing set of reference monophones in one or more languages, by automatically performing the tasks of monophone seeding, triphone clustering and other training steps. The automatic nature of the training algorithm lends itself to parameter optimization, which can further improve recognition accuracy with respect to manually trained models. In a continuous digit recognition experiment, it is shown that automatically generated triphone models gave a 1.26% error rate, compared to a 2.30% error rate for its manual counterpart.
Fas-Mediated Apoptosis Is Regulated by the Extracellular Matrix Protein CCN1 (CYR61) In Vitro and In Vivo

Although Fas ligand (FasL) is primarily expressed by lymphoid cells, its receptor Fas (CD95/Apo-1) is broadly expressed in numerous nonlymphoid tissues and can mediate apoptosis of parenchymal cells upon injury and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Here we show that CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN2 (CTGF), matricellular proteins upregulated at sites of inflammation and wound repair, synergize with FasL to induce apoptosis by elevating cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CCN1 acts through engagement of integrin alpha(6)beta(1) and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, leading to ROS-dependent hyperactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the presence of FasL to enhance mitochondrial cytochrome c release. We show that CCN1 activates neutral sphingomyelinase, which functions as a key source of CCN1-induced ROS critical for synergism with FasL. Furthermore, Fas-dependent hepatic apoptosis induced by an agonistic monoclonal anti-Fas antibody or intragastric administration of alcohol is severely blunted in knock-in mice expressing an apoptosis-defective Ccn1 allele. These results demonstrate that CCN1 is a physiologic regulator of Fas-mediated apoptosis and that the extracellular matrix microenvironment can modulate Fas-dependent apoptosis through CCN1 expression.
Effect of Endothelial Seeding and Graft Material on the Patency Rate of Venous Grafts

Because prosthetic grafting to the venous system has a low patency rate, endothelial cell seeding has been used to enhance this rate. The effects of heterologous (porcine) or homolo gous (canine omental) endothelial seeding and of graft material (dacron or polytetrafluoroethylene—PTFE) on the patency rate of venous grafts were evaluated in this study.Fifty-three grafts (10 cm x 8 mm ID) were inserted in dogs' vena cava. All animals were treated with aspi rin. Patency rate was evaluated at day 4 (cavography) or at day 32 (his tology).The authors found that: (1) da cron grafts provided a poor venous conduit for seeding purposes; (2) PTFE grafts, whether seeded with omental canine or porcine endothelial cells, had a consistently high patency rate; and (3) although further studies would be needed, heterologous and homologous cell seeding might repre sent acceptable alternatives to autolo gous seeding.
DO NON-BREEDING, ADULT LONG-TOED SALAMANDERS RESPOND TO CONSPECIFICS AS FRIENDS OR AS FOES?

The majority of studies of amphibian sociobiology focuses on breeding individuals. However, adults certainly interact when not breeding and may do so subtly and in natural habitats that are inaccessible to direct observation. We conducted three laboratory experiments to explore social interactions among non-breeding, adult long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum), which reside in terrestrial burrows in nature. In substrate discrimination tests, salamanders preferred areas that bore chemical cues indicative of occupancy by a conspecific relative to clean areas (Experiment 1). However, only females discriminated occupant sex, preferring to associate with chemical cues derived from males (Experiment 2). When provided with a partner, salamanders spent more time in cohabitation in an artificial burrow than residing alone (Experiment 3). Our data suggest that, in nature, non-breeding adults may be social rather than territorial; conspecifics may aggregate rather than exclude one another. Howe...
Self-serving dishonest decisions can show facilitated cognitive dynamics

We use a novel task to test two competing hypotheses concerning the cognitive processes involved in dishonesty. Many existing accounts of deception imply that in order to act dishonestly one has to use cognitive control to overcome a bias toward the truth, which results in more time and effort. A recent hypothesis suggests that lying in order to serve self-interest may be a rapid, even automatic tendency taking less time than refraining from lying. In the current study, we track the action dynamics of potentially dishonest decisions to investigate the underlying cognitive processes. Participants are asked to privately predict the outcome of a virtual coin flip, report their accuracy and receive bonus credit for accurate predictions. The movements of the computer cursor toward the target answer are recorded and used to characterize the dynamics of decisions. Our results suggest that when a self-serving condition holds, decisions that have a high probability of being dishonest take less time and experience less hesitation.
Oxytocin modulates behavioral and physiological responses to a stressor in marmoset monkeys

Social isolation is a major source of stress and can lead to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The presence of a close social partner can reduce the magnitude of the HPA-axis response during a stressor, a phenomenon known as social buffering. The oxytocin (OXT) system has been identified as one candidate for mediating social buffering due to its role in the facilitation of social bonding and the expression of prosocial behavior. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the OXT system contributes to social buffering of HPA-axis activity in response to stressor exposure in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Male and female marmosets experienced a standardized psychogenic stressor with and without their long-term mate under OXT-treatments (Pro(8)-OXT, Leu(8)-OXT, OXT antagonist, and saline); we assessed HPA-axis activity by measuring urinary cortisol across the stressor. We found that blocking, but not augmenting, the OXT system altered patterns of cortisol and proximity behavior in response to a stressor. We demonstrated that (1) the presence of a mate during a stressor significantly attenuated HPA-axis activity in female, but not male, marmosets; (2) male, but not female, marmosets treated with an OXT antagonist had significantly higher HPA-axis activity across the stressor than when they were treated with saline, suggesting that the OXT system may reduce the stressor-induced rise in cortisol levels; (3) male and female marmosets treated with an OXT antagonist spent significantly less time in close proximity to their mate during the first 30 min of the stressor than when they were treated with saline, suggesting that the OXT system may be important for the expression of partner-seeking behavior during a stressor. Thus, the OXT system and social context differentially influenced how the HPA-axis responded to a stressor in male and female marmosets, and may modulate HPA-axis activity by promoting the expression of proximity behavior with a close social partner.
Art of Econ: Incorporating the Arts through Active Learning Assignments in Principles Courses

Research has shown that, at the principles level, economic education relies mainly on exams for assessment. Introducing differentiated assessment in economic education through active learning provides a way for economic educators to increase the level of learning and to assess a higher level of understanding. In this paper we provide instructors with low-cost active learning assignments. These assignments rely on creative art projects and require students to create economic content, by determining necessary information, organize thoughts and using economic language clearly and precisely. We believe that these assignments better assess deeper levels of learning. We advocate for using the active learning assignments in conjunction with multiple-choice exams. Multiple instruments of assessment and learning will provide a more inclusive educational environment.
Clustered Parameters of Calibrated Models When Considering Both Fidelity and Robustness

In computer modeling, errors and uncertainties inevitably arise due to the mathematical idealization of physical processes stemming from insufficient knowledge regarding accurate model forms as well as the precise values of input parameters. While these errors and uncertainties are quantifiable, compensations between them can lead to multiple model forms and input parameter sets exhibiting a similar level of agreement with available experimental observations. Such non-uniqueness makes the selection of a single, best computer model (i.e. model form and values for its associate parameters) unjustifiable. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate model performance based not only on the fidelity of the predictions to available experiments but also on a model’s ability to sustain such fidelity given the incompleteness of knowledge regarding the model itself, such an ability will herein be referred to as robustness. In this paper, the authors present a multi-objective approach to model calibration that accounts for not only the model’s fidelity to experiments but also its robustness to incomplete knowledge. With two conflicting objectives, the multi-objective model calibration results in a family of non-dominated solutions exhibiting varying levels of fidelity and robustness effectively forming a Pareto front. The Pareto front solutions can be grouped depending on their nature of compromise between the two objectives, which can in turn help determine clusters in the parameter domain. The knowledge of these clusters can shed light on the nature of compensations as well as aid in the inference of uncertain input parameters. To demonstrate the feasibility and application of this new approach, we consider the computer model of a structural steel frame with uncertain connection stiffness parameters under static loading conditions.
Application of Advanced Technology to In-Service Gas Turbines

This paper discusses the technical issues and business considerations involved in the application of advanced technology to gas turbine replacement parts. Today’s gas turbine owners are facing increased demands on their older machines in the areas of increased fuel efficiency, increased power output, and reduced operating costs. These demands can only be met through the use of superior replacement parts, which is made possible through the application of state-of-the-art technology. This technology is being made available for most turbine, combustion, and controls replacement parts.Copyright © 1985 by ASME
Clostridium difficile linked to disrupted gut microbiota

That excerpt comes from an editorial that accompanied a 1953 report describing postoperative, antibiotic-associated enterocolitis, which emerged early during the antibiotic era. Yet, those 60-year-old comments are apropos to our current challenge from the toxigenic anaerobe Clostridium difficile, which also causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea. That challenge is leading us to better understand the importance of the gastrointestinal microbiota to human health and disease.
Four-flap Breast Reconstruction: Bilateral Stacked DIEP and PAP Flaps.

Background:In cases of bilateral breast reconstruction when the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flap alone does not provide sufficient volume for body-specific reconstruction, stacking each DIEP flap with a second free flap will deliver added volume and maintain a purely autologous r
Operational Capabilities of a Six Degrees of Freedom Spacecraft Simulator

This paper presents a novel six degrees of freedom ground-based experimental testbed, designed for testing new guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for nano-satellites. The development of innovative guidance, navigation and control methodologies is a necessary step in the advance of autonomous spacecraft. The testbed allows for testing these algorithms in a one-g laboratory environment, increasing system reliability while reducing development costs. The system stands out among the existing experimental platforms because all degrees of freedom of motion are dynamically reproduced. The hardware and software components of the testbed are detailed in the paper, as well as the motion tracking system used to perform its navigation. A Lyapunov-based strategy for closed loop control is used in hardware-in-the loop experiments to successfully demonstrate the system’s capabilities.
SEROTINY, GEOGRAPHY, AND FIRE IN THE PINE BARRENS OF NEW JERSEY.

In their study of clinal variation in Pinus rigida, Ledig and Fryer (1972) concluded that gene flow is a primary determinant of local levels of serotiny. In this paper I suggest that selection, rather than gene flow, is more important at most geographic scales. My data indicate that the incidence of serotiny reflects local fire history, and that there are clines in the selective forces favoring serotiny. Hypotheses are advanced to account for geographic patterns of fire frequency in the Pine Barrens; the position of the Pine Plains; and the low levels of serotiny found elsewhere on the northern Coastal Plain.
A TRAP FOR THE DETECTION OF SCHISTOSOME CERCARIAE

A simple trap for schistosome cercariae has been developed using clear nail varnish as a matrix and linoleic acid as stimulant affixed to a 75 x 25-mm glass slide. Schistosoma mansoni cercariae will attach to the surface and easily can be visualized either stained or unstained. The trap works well under laboratory and field conditions where the retrieval rate varies from 30% to 100%. Under laboratory conditions there appears to be some form of affinity for cercariae to the surface.
Evolutionary Relevance Facilitates Visual Information Processing

Visual search of the environment is a fundamental human behavior that perceptual load affects powerfully. Previously investigated means for overcoming the inhibitions of high perceptual load, however, generalize poorly to real-world human behavior. We hypothesized that humans would process evolutionarily relevant stimuli more efficiently than evolutionarily novel stimuli, and evolutionary relevance would mitigate the repercussions of high perceptual load during visual search. Animacy is a significant component to evolutionary relevance of visual stimuli because perceiving animate entities is time-sensitive in ways that pose significant evolutionary consequences. Participants completing a visual search task located evolutionarily relevant and animate objects fastest and with the least impact of high perceptual load. Evolutionarily novel and inanimate objects were located slowest and with the highest impact of perceptual load. Evolutionary relevance may importantly affect everyday visual information processing.
Mechanism and Origins of Selectivity in Ru(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular (5+2) Cycloadditions and Ene Reactions of Vinylcyclopropanes and Alkynes from Density Functional Theory

The mechanism, solvent effects, and origins of selectivities in Ru(II)-catalyzed intramolecular (5+2) cycloaddition and ene reaction of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) and alkynes have been studied using density functional theory. B3LYP/6-31G(d)/LANL2DZ optimized structures were further evaluated with the M06 functional, 6-311+G(2d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets, and the SMD solvent model. The favored mechanism involves an initial ene-yne oxidative cyclization to form a ruthenacyclopentene intermediate. This mechanism is different from that found earlier with rhodium catalysts. The subsequent β-hydride elimination and cyclopropane cleavage are competitive, determining the experimental selectivity. In trans-VCP, the cyclopropane cleavage is intrinsically favored and leads to the (5+2) cycloaddition product. Although the same intrinsic preferences occur with the cis-VCP, an unfavorable rotation is required in order to generate the cis-double bond in seven-membered ring product, which reverses the selectivity. Acetone solvent is found to facilitate the acetonitrile dissociation from the precatalyst, destabilizing the resting state of the catalyst and leading to a lower overall reaction barrier. In addition, the origins of diastereoselectivities when the allylic hydroxyl group is trans to the bridgehead hydrogen are found to be the electrostatic interactions. In the pathway that generates the favored diastereomer, the oxygen lone pairs from the substituent are closer to the cationic catalyst center and provide stabilizing electrostatic interactions. Similar pathways also determine the regioselectivities, that is, whether the more or less substituted C-C bond of cyclopropane is cleaved. In the trans-1,2-disubstitued cyclopropane substrate, the substituent from the cyclopropane is away from the reaction center in both pathways, and low regioselectivity is found. In contrast, the cleavage of the more substituted C-C bond of the cis-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropane has steric repulsions from the substituent, and thus higher regioselectivity is found.
Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Peppermint: Population Dynamics and Influence of Cultural Practices

Populations of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, declined abruptly on peppermint, Mentha piperita L., after reaching a peak density during late June in southwestern Oregon and during early August in central Oregon. Populations were highly aggregated in all leaf strata at the beginning of the season when mite densities were low, but dispersed as density increased, especially on top leaves. Distribution became more random during population outbreaks. Fall plowing delayed mite population development the following summer by nearly 1 month. Fall flaming with a propane burner reduced T. urticae density, reducing the probability of an early outbreak of mites the following season. The impact of predators on T. urticae in commercial peppermint fields is examined. Spider mite populations in the laboratory increased rapidly on water-stressed peppermint plants, but not on plants stressed by Verticillium dahliae (R & B).
“They Said ‘Go Back to Afghanistan’”: South Asian American Basketball Culture and Challenging the “Terrorist” Stereotype

I was at the 2006 Chicago Indo-Pak National basketball tournament conducting ethnographic research on South Asian American sporting cultures, with an emphasis on basketball. I interviewed team captains and players on most of the 17 teams in Chicago for the extended weekend tourney. These teams came from major U.S. and Canadian cities with large South Asian communities. Additionally, there was a gamut of ethnic and religious identities at play. I met with players from Philadelphia-based team Golden Eagles Philly1 after one of their games. The key players, point guard K-Rock and shooting guard Karthik, were stretched out on a large red gymnastics mat to the side of the court with a keen focus on the game taking place on the court. These two Hindu Americans were resting before their next game while taking in and gauging the teams on the court. Harpreet, their tall, lanky Sikh American teammate, was sitting behind them. I asked K-Rock questions about his experience with basketball and his reasons for playing ...
Study on Storage Structure of Spatial Data and Categorical Data in GIS

Abstracts all the elements involved in GIS,and gives its storage structure of data,and in this basis proposes the holistic project of storage structure of spatial data and property data which involves logical storage structure and physical storage structure.Adopts the register style file system which is integrated by administrative levels model and relation model to access spatial data and categorical data,and combines the index and data dictionary technology to accelerate the access speed of data,and settles the problem which is brought by the separate storage of spatial data and categorical data in traditional GIS,improves the access efficiency of GIS application to the abundance data.
Bystander Action Coils: Moving Beyond the Situational Model

Research on bystander action often looks at different discrete variables that might hinder or promote stepping up to help someone in danger. How then do we assemble these pieces into a broader model that explains bystander behavior? This Chapter begins with the most well-known model of bystander intervention, the Situational Model of Latane and Darley and explores other frameworks developed since then. These broader models have limitations for understanding the unique context of interpersonal violence, especially sexual and relationship violence. Thus, the chapter builds a revised model of bystander action—Bystander Action Coils. This framework pays attention to developing new helping scripts in situations of interpersonal violence, attending to the relational context of bystander action in these circumstances, looks at broader community and cultural factors that may influence bystander behavior, and highlights the importance of understanding more about the consequences of different bystander actions. Details of this revised model are described.
Hybrid functionals with fixed mixing parameter perform no better than PBE for fundamental band gaps of nanoscale materials

Hybrid functionals mixing the exact exchange with (semi)local functionals to reinstall the missing derivative discontinuity have been successfully employed to predict band gaps $({E}_{\mathrm{g}})$ in bulk semiconductors. Here we show that traditional hybrid functionals with fixed fractions of exact exchange do not perform significantly better than the most popular semilocal PBE-GGA functional for ${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$ of semiconductor nanostructures, since their band-gap corrections are essentially size independent. This is because they cannot respond properly to the variation in screening when size changes. They merely predict constant band-gap corrections to the PBE gaps in silicon nanowires (Si NWs) when wire diameter reduces, instead of the dramatic increase predicted by many-body $GW$ calculations. Moreover, these hybrid functionals generate almost identical wave functions compared with PBE for both bulk Si and Si NWs, whose overlaps with corresponding quasiparticle wave functions become much smaller than 1 for narrow NWs.
Synthesis and structural characterization of palladium(II) complexes of chiral bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene-quinoline ligands

Abstract A new class of chiral Pd(II) complexes bearing a rigid, bidentate C,N-ligand are synthesized and characterized. The ligands are obtained in good yield via a simple five-step synthetic route beginning with cheap and commercially available amino alcohols. The structure of one of these new complexes is determined by X-ray crystallography. This data shows the expected large trans effect difference between the N and C donors (0.07 A Pd Cl bond length difference) as well as a boat conformation of the 6-membered chelate ring.
P300 amplitude at Pz and N200/N300 latency at F3 differ between participants simulating suspect versus witness roles in a mock crime

Based on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) study by klein Selle, Verschuere, Kindt, Meijer, & Ben Shakhar (2016), 15 participants pretended to perform a crime shown on a video, which 16 other participants pretended to witness. Both groups then experienced a P300-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) protocol called the complex trial protocol. Both groups showed CIT effects, with a larger probe than irrelevant P300s at Pz. However, this effect was significantly larger in the suspect group. In contrast, only the suspect group showed delayed N200/N300 responses at F3-putative inhibitory signs. This supports the klein Selle et al. (2016) ANS study in that the suspect versus witness role-playing manipulation differentially affected inhibitory (vs. orienting) aspects of the CIT situation. Our results are also consistent with Ambach, Stark, Peper, & Vaitl (2008), who saw the same autonomic response fractionation as klein Selle et al., but using Furedy's differentiation of deception method (Furedy, Davis, & Gurevich, 1988). These similarities are discussed.
Bidirectional and biaxial curving of thermoresponsive bilayer plates with soft and stiff segments

Abstract Curved bilayer plates with soft and stiff segments are widely observed in nature, such as plant cell walls, insect exoskeletons and reptile skins. We report an unusual biaxial and bidirectional bending of microfabricated bilayer plates composed of a swellable, photopolymerized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAM-AAc) layer and a regular array of SU-8, a stiff, non-swellable epoxy. Hydrogels such as pNIPAM-AAc exhibit large and reversible swelling in water in response to a temperature change through the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The stimuli responsive behavior was harnessed in the composite structure containing materials with mismatched swelling and elastic properties to produce actuation and mechanical motion. The structure undergoes reversible bending along two different axes in response to a temperature cycle through the LCST. Cooling the patterned bilayer structure leads to bending upwards about one axis, while heating leads to bending downwards about a different axis, 9 0 o from the first. To understand the mechanism of this biaxial bending behavior, we developed a finite element model of the patterned bilayer structure. A constitutive model that combined the hyperelastic and swelling behavior was used to describe the thermoresponsive hydrogel. The model was applied to investigate the effects of geometric factors of the patterned bilayer on the bending behavior of the composite structure.
Management of Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. A single point mutation in the gene encoding the β-globin chain produces a mutant hemoglobin molecule called hemoglobin S which polymerizes leading to rigid, deformed erythrocytes that in turn lead to vascular occlusion. Therefore, patients experience recurrent episodes of vaso-occlusion crisis resulting in progressive end-organ damage. The mainstay management of SCD patients is based on preventative strategies involving blood transfusions and hydroxyurea. Currently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant offers the only cure for SCD patients. Emerging new therapies such as gene transfer, drugs targeting endothelial adhesion molecules and targeting inflammatory mediators are being tested and will soon be available for clinical practice.
Achieving zero common mode voltage generation in a balanced inverter with neutral-point diode-clamping

This paper proposes a new solution to balanced inverter to achieve near zero common-mode voltage generation for a three-phase inverter. The neutral-point diode-clamping solves the issue of desynchronization of the balanced inverter. As the switching frequency of PWM inverter can be increased with the advances in power semiconductor technology, the common-mode voltage related issues in motor drives, such as EMI emission and bearing current damage, will become progressively significant. The balanced inverter topology has been previously introduced as a means to achieve common-mode voltage cancellation. However, the topology may suffer from the desynchronization of the switching edges, which leads to imperfect common-mode voltage nullification. This paper analyzes the desynchronization issues of the balanced inverter topology and proposes the neutral-point-clamping diodes as a simple and effective solution.
TWO YEAR NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME OF INFANTS <29 WEEKS ENROLLED IN A MULTICENTER COMPARISON TRIAL OF EXOSURF (EXO) AND INFASURF (INFA) PROPHYLAXIS FOR RDS. † 1696

The purpose of this study was to evaluate motor, cognitive, and sensory outcomes of infants < 29 weeks gestation enrolled in a randomized double-masked comparison trial of two surfactants (EXO vs INFA) for the prevention of RDS. 236 infants (63%) at 4 centers received the Bayley scales and an expanded neurological examination at age 2 years. Assessors were masked to neonatal treatment status. Table
Constraints on restoring landforms and habitats on storm-damaged shorefront lots in New Jersey, USA

Abstract Removal of shorefront houses following storm damage can provide opportunity to restore landforms and habitats and reduce risk to people and property. This opportunity was evaluated on the ocean coast of New Jersey, USA, following Hurricane Sandy, which occurred 29 October 2012. Houses were removed from 79 of 339 private shorefront lots in the 9 km-long segment having the greatest damage. Sixty lots remained empty four years after the storm. Mean dimensions of these empty lots were 66.3 m across shore and 23.4 m alongshore. Mean area of vegetation cover was 49.8% prior to the storm and 17.7% after the storm. The lots showed little indication of active landscaping after debris clearance, and the lots lacked topographic and vegetation diversity. The real estate value of empty lots appears too great for public purchase, and lots are weak points in shore protection plans when left to evolve naturally. A new bulkhead and extension of a pre-existing seawall built after the storm now isolate the former dune from the active backshore, eliminating natural sediment exchange between beach and dune on 47 of the 60 lots. Loss of the linkage between the backshore and dune caused by shore-parallel walls need not prevent restoration of native vegetation typical of the more stable backdune environments. Restoration actions that do not require buyout of properties for public use can contribute to the diversity, aesthetic appeal and resilience of the dune. The natural image may influence acceptance of natural vegetation and favor acceptance of managed retreat in the future when occupation of the shorefront becomes less tenable.
Experiment and predictions of strain and stress based failure limits for advanced high strength steel0

Abstract Strain based failure measurements are traditionally very popular and implemented to construct the failure limits. The predictions of these measurements through various models were compared and agreed for the conventional steels. Whereas continuous demand on the reduction of the vehicle mass while maintaining comfort and passenger safety for current and future vehicles car manufacturers are attracted to a newly developed advanced high strength steel. These steels that promises high strength and enhanced ductility were produce to reduce the impact of fuel usage by balancing the above demands. However while implementing these steels many challenges were faced by manufacturers and tool designers. One of the challenges is to predict the forming limit diagram through the conventional strain based models. In this paper experiments were performed on Dual Phase and Transformed Induced Plasticity steels to plot the forming limit diagram and further compared with the conventional strain based models. It was observed that strain based model under predicts the failure whereas stress based models are the best agreement with experiments.
From the Club of Rome to Star Wars: The Era of Limits, Space Colonization and the Origins of SDI

In 1972 the Club of Rome heralded the ‘era of limits,’ as demographic and environmental pressures forced humanity to scale back its ambitions. A decade later, in 1983, US President Reagan announced an ambitious plan to build a shield in outer space against ballistic missiles, which became popularly known as Star Wars. This chapter shows how these seemingly separate historical events were, in fact, connected. A group of technological optimists proposed outer space not only as a solution to overpopulation, energy depletion and environmental damage, but also to the possibility of nuclear Armageddon. The article examines how, in the 1970s, space-colony enthusiasts in the L5 Society mingled with nuclear-weapon designers and military planners, and counterculture left-liberals connected with libertarians and others on the political right.
Stepping onto Fertile Ground: Urban Teachers' Preparation for Interdisciplinary Inquiry.

Contextualized by efforts to support arts integration in one of the largest school districts in the United States, this qualitative study examines the experiences of educators as they participate in various arts-centred forms of professional development. Drawing on the work of, the tenets of arts-centered learning, the authors use Mediated Discourse Analysis and Teachers’ Life Histories to account for the social, personal and political processes and activity involved in making meaning and shaping dispositions towards teaching in and through the arts. Findings reveal how arts-centred programming can promote growth in educators’ confidence creating curriculum in the arts and collaborating with artists and other teachers, but suggest that embodied practices within interdisciplinary teams and continued coaching are key as educators prepare for guiding students through interdisciplinary inquiry and implementing arts-centred programming. Three fields of emergence for learning within this study include (...
Biogeography and Ecology of Land Arthropods of Antarctica

Arthropods (certain insects and mites) appear at present to have the southernmost known records for resident animals (nearly 84° S. Lat.). Possibly rotifers, tardigrades or protozoans may occur farther south. Arthropods are the dominant strictly land animals of Antarctica, as they are also of oceanic islands and of unfavorable environments in general, such as high mountain ridges or other cold areas. It is true that arthropods are the dominant land animals throughout the world, but in the less favorable environments and on land separated from continental areas by wide sea barriers, the land arthropods hold a much greater position of dominance. Land vertebrates, particularly mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fish, are generally lacking in such situations, and land birds are generally few or lacking so that the only vertebrates are often sea birds, marine mammals and fish. This is likewise the situation on the Antarctic continent, and to a large degree on the subantarctic islands also.
Modified Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Versus Three-Port Approach for Lung Nodule Biopsy in Pediatric Cancer Patients.

Abstract Background: Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is gaining popularity among thoracic surgeons, but the limited space in the thorax of children makes uniportal VATS difficult t...