cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Adaptation of the Original Fresno Test to Measure Evidence-Based Practice Competence in Pediatric Bedside Nurses.

Purpose Instruments used to assess evidence-based practice (EBP) competence in nurses have been subjective, unreliable, or invalid. The Fresno test was identified as the only instrument to measure all the steps of EBP with supportive reliability and validity data. However, the items and psychometric properties of the original Fresno test are only relevant to measure EBP with medical residents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the adapted Fresno test for pediatric nurses, and provide preliminary validity and reliability data for its use with Bachelor of Science in Nursing-prepared pediatric bedside nurses. Methods General adaptations were made to the original instrument's case studies, item content, wording, and format to meet the needs of a pediatric nursing sample. The scoring rubric was also modified to complement changes made to the instrument. Content and face validity, and intrarater reliability of the adapted Fresno test were assessed during a mixed-methods pilot study conducted from October to December 2013 with 29 Bachelor of Science in Nursing-prepared pediatric nurses. Results Validity data provided evidence for good content and face validity. Intrarater reliability estimates were high. Linking evidence to action The adapted Fresno test presented here appears to be a valid and reliable assessment of EBP competence in Bachelor of Science in Nursing-prepared pediatric nurses. However, further testing of this instrument is warranted using a larger sample of pediatric nurses in diverse settings. This instrument can be a starting point for evaluating the impact of EBP competence on patient outcomes.
Ammonia Synthesis as a Catalytic Probe of Fe/TiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Decomposition of Fe(CO)5

Resume La reaction de synthese de l'ammoniac a ete utilisee pour tester l'action catalytique de Fe/TiO 2 prepare par decomposition thermale de Fe(CO) 5 . Apres reduction a 713 K, l'energie d'activation apparente et l'ordre de reaction vis a vis de la pression d'ammoniac sont similaires pour Fe/TiO 2 et pour le fer sur MgO. Si l'on porte la temperature de reduction a 773 K et puis a 798 K, l'eneraie d'activation et l'ordre de reaction sont augmentes, ce qui peut ětre interprete en termes de transfert d'electrons du fer au titane. Le taux de synthese d'ammoniac est a peine modifie, ce qui suggere cependant que les petites particules de fer formees pendant la reduction a des temperatures au dessus de 773 K ont des surfaces planes qui ressemblent a celles des grosses particules de fer metallique. Abstract Ammonia synthesis has been used as a catalytic probe of Fe/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by thermal decomposition of Fe(CO) 5 . After reduction at 713 K, the apparent activation energy and reaction order with respect to ammonia pressure are similar for Fe/TiO 2 as for iron supported on MgO. Increasing the reduction temperature to 773 and then to 798 K leads to increases in the activation energy and reaction order which can be interpreted in terms of electron transfer from iron to titania. The rate of ammonia synthesis is hardly affected, however, suggesting that the thin iron particles formed during reduction at temperatures above 773 K possess flat surfaces which resemble those on large particles of metallic iron.
Bayesian MFR Life Test Sampling Plans

A typical set of Bayesian life test sampling plans called Bayesian median failure rate (MFR) plans are developed for the acceptance or rejection of lots having a constant failure rate. The MFR plans are fixed time plans of the replacement type that util..
PHAT: a P2P history analysis tool

Peer-to-peer file sharing applications are used by many Internet users to quickly and efficiently copy files around the world. Many different tools provide the user with the ability to search for files based on keywords or file type and download files. Because files can be copied easily and efficiently by the general public, crimes that rely on the transfer of large amounts of data are becoming much more common. For example, music and movie piracy has greatly increased over the last several years. Currently, digital investigators follow a time-consuming manual process to analyze a suspect's hard drive for evidence of crimes committed via file sharing applications. Popular file sharing applications, such as LimeWire, were analyzed to determine the type and location of evidence that can be retrieved from the application's data files. A tool was developed to automatically extract this evidence and present it to the user in a form that is easily understood by digital investigators, attorneys, and jury members.
Traditional African Wildlife Utilization: Subsistence Hunting, Poaching, and Sustainable Use

This paper examines traditional African wildlife utilization activities, with particular emphasis on subsistence hunting, or the procurement of wild animals for purposes of meeting household needs. It is noted that subsistence hunting in Africa is often defined by the state as poaching (hunting outside the bounds of the laws set by the state). State conservation efforts in Africa have seen limits placed on access to wildlife resources through national legislation. Hunter-gatherers and some pastoralists and farmers in Africa exploit a wide array of wild animals for economic, social, and spiritual purposes. Three countries in Africa allow subsistence hunting: Botswana, Namibia, and Tanzania. In all three cases, subsistence hunting is limited to peoples of hunting and gathering origin and/or practice. The subsistence hunting activities of the Ju/’hoansi (!Kung) San of northeastern Namibia and northwestern Botswana from the 1960s through the mid-1990s are examined, and it argued that the offtake rates of hunters appear to be sustainable. The acquisition of surplus meat is sometimes done for purposes of storage and to share meat with other people in order to reinforce social relationships and provide food to those who do not hunt. In the 1990s community-based natural resource management programs were initiated among the Ju/’hoansi in both Namibia and Botswana. It is too early to say whether these programs will enable the Ju/’hoansi to become economically selfsufficient.
Social Gradients and Child Health

The purpose of this article is to review what is known about the relationship between social gradients and health in children. The article starts with a brief history of the relationship between social circumstances and health and makes the distinction between the relationship of poverty on health and the relationship between social gradients on health. Providing a summary of recent evidence on this latter relationship in various countries and in various population subgroups, the article shows that although there are social gradients in health, the magnitude of the effect varies from place to place and across different health conditions. Explanations for these differences and for demonstrated interactions between influences in different populations are sought in the possible mechanisms by which social gradients in child health affect adult health, and the pathways through which such effects might take place. The article concludes that the existence of social gradients is a societal phenomenon and that the evidence indicates that universal social programs rather than targeted social welfare have the highest likelihood of overcoming these gradients. Universal primary care-oriented health systems and their impact in reducing social gradients in health is provided as an example. An agenda for research to better understand the genesis of social gradients in health forms the final section of the article.
Tissue factor activity of normal and leukemic cells.

Generation of procoagulant activity was studied in leukocytes and lymphocytes from normal human peripheral blood, leukocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), rabbit peripheral leukocytes, and macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. Marked procoagulant activity developed in peritoneal macrophages and rabbit peripheral leukocytes when incubated with endotoxin. Human peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes also generated procoagulant activity. When endotoxin was omitted the procoagulant activity generated was considerably (3-12 times) lower. Leukocytes from patients with CML were less active than normal leukocytes. Leukocytes from patients with CLL generated very little procoagulant activity even after prolonged incubation. An antibody to rabbit tissue factor neutralized the tissue factor activity generated by rabbit leukocytes.
Doctor–Patient Interaction in the West: Psychosocial Aspects

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by J. Weinman, volume 6, pp. 3816–3821, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract 5156: RhoC decreases tight junction stabilization in breast cancer cells, revealing a potential therapeutic target

RhoC, a member of the Rho GTPase family, has been shown to have a role specifically in facilitating metastasis of breast cancer cells1, however no conclusive mechanism for how RhoC promotes metastasis currently exists. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of RhoC in SUM149 and MDA-MB231 cells results in increased epithelial morphology, cell-cell connections, and tight junction marker (ZO-1, occludin, PATJ/PALS1/CRB3) colocalization compared to wild type cells, as studied via immunofluorescent staining. These results suggest that high expression of RhoC in cancer cells destabilizes tight junctions, which could allow for the increased metastatic potential observed with RhoC-overexpressing cells in prior studies2-4. Ongoing work investigates whether these morphological and molecular changes are observed in other breast cancer cell lines, such as SUM190 and VARI-068, a low-passage PDX-derived triple negative breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, we will determine whether RhoC knockout in these cells lines actively modulates tight junction stability as measured via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Taken together, these data support an important role for RhoC in tight junction modulation, thereby revealing a potential highly specific new therapeutic target in RhoC-driven metastases control. References 1. Hakem, A. et al. RhoC is dispensable for embryogenesis and tumor initiation but essential for metastasis. Genes Dev. 19, 1974-1979 (2005). 2. van Golen, K. L., Wu, Z. F., Qiao, X. T., Bao, L. W. & Merajver, S. D. RhoC GTPase, a novel transforming oncogene for human mammary epithelial cells that partially recapitulates the inflammatory breast cancer phenotype. Cancer Res. 60, 5832-8 (2000). 3. van Golen, K. L., Wu, Z. F., Qiao, X. T., Bao, L. & Merajver, S. D. RhoC GTPase overexpression modulates induction of angiogenic factors in breast cells. Neoplasia 2, 418-25 (2000). 4. Wu, M., Wu, Z. F., Rosenthal, D. T., Rhee, E. M. & Merajver, S. D. Characterization of the roles of RHOC and RHOA GTPases in invasion, motility, and matrix adhesion in inflammatory and aggressive breast cancers. Cancer 116, 2768-2782 (2010). Citation Format: Hannah Cheriyan, Zhi-Fen Wu, Joel Yates, Sofia D. Merajver. RhoC decreases tight junction stabilization in breast cancer cells, revealing a potential therapeutic target [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5156.
From Gamergate to FIFA: Identifying Polarized Groups in Online Social Media

Polarizing topics and events are often widely discussed and debated in social media, allowing researchers a unique view into the minds of large populations on everything from politics to entertainment. Previous work in identifying polarization in social media has largely used traditional community detection methods that are often confounded by the existence of neutral users and content. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) on a tripartite network to illuminate latent polarization patterns. The proposed methods are designed to work in contexts varying in the nature of the controversy, the level of polarization, the number of polarity groups involved and the presence of neutral entities. We use real-world Tumblr datasets to show that our algorithm exhibits superior performance in identifying polarization in online communities with respect to a range of real-world topics. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first attempt to analyze polarization on the Tumblr platform.
The Status of Women in Social Work Education: A Follow-Up Study:

Gender differences persist in the social work academy. We follow up and extend the work of Sakamoto, Anastas, McPhail, and Colarossi. A multistage probability sample of Council on Social Work Educa...
To treat or not to treat: evidence for "treatment bias" when consumers evaluate physicians.

Abstract Previous research has generally ignored whether consumers exhibit a “treatment bias” and have more favorable opinions of physicians who provide more treatment even if the benefits of more treatment are equivocal. This research experimentally manipulates three variables, (1) treatment choice (more treatment versus less treatment), (2) interpersonal treatment (patient involvement with treatment decisions), and (3) health outcomes, and examines their influence on respondent's inferences about the physician's ability, concern for patient welfare, quality of care, and accountability for patient death. Results clearly showed evidence of a treatment bias. Consumers made more favorable inferences about the physician in the more treatment condition even though both physicians acknowledged that the less treatment option was recommended for the patient. Results also showed that consumers' inferences about the physician were more favorable in the better health outcomes condition. There was no influence of pa...
Regional heterogeneity of early GABAergic interneuron excitation in vivo

Abstract GABA is thought to be excitatory during development but this is controversial, and the role of GABAergic transmission by interneurons in vivo remains unclear. In unanesthetized neonatal mice we show that postnatal day 3 (P3) GABAergic hippocampal neurons cause local excitation in CA1, which switches to inhibition by P7. By contrast, cortical interneurons cause inhibition at both ages. Thus, GABAergic excitation during development in vivo is age and region-specific.
The Evolution from Hypertension to Heart Failure

Hypertensive heart disease includes the development of diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. The development of heart failure can occur because of complications of ischemic heart disease or from progression of diastolic dysfunction to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction degenerating to a dilated heart with systolic dysfunction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Hypertension clinical trials have shown that the treatment of hypertension can prevent the development of heart failure. In addition, lifestyle modification with exercise and weight loss can improve diastolic function and reduce the risk for heart failure.
Sensory and working memory in a spatial change-detection task by pigeons and humans.

Abstract Judgements of items viewed less than 100 ms prior are predominantly supported by a sensory, or iconic, memory system. Iconic memory is of high-capacity, but is also volatile and limited in duration. Judgements after longer delays increasingly rely on a working memory system, which is lower in capacity and volatility than sensory memory, but is longer in duration. In four experiments, several factors (e.g., length of delay, number of items, time to view items, presence of a visual mask) were manipulated during a spatial change-detection task conducted with humans and pigeons. Both species were exposed to trials with an array of colored circles (2, 3, and 4 circles in Experiment 1 and 2a; 4, 6, and 8 circles in Experiment 2b) followed by a brief delay (0, 50, and 100 ms in Experiment 1a; 0, 100, and 1000 ms in Experiments 1b and 2), and then were presented with a test display in which the position of one of the items had changed. Pigeons, like humans, were less accurate in selecting the changed item with more items in the display and after longer delays. Pigeons were equally accurate on trials with 0 and 100-ms delays, but worse on trials with a 1000-ms delay; whereas, humans were equally accurate on 100-ms and 1000-ms delays, but better on 0-ms delay trials. Accurate change detection was disrupted in both species when a visual mask was inserted between the sample and test display after a short (100 ms), but not a long (1000 ms) delay. The results support similarity between species in the functional relationships between delay and memory systems, despite time course differences related to sensory memory.
The Political Philosophy of Strauss—Its Basis and Its Genesis

In the early 1930s, Leo Strauss affiliated himself with the European Right. He identified with the aspiration to tear down modern civilization—which he saw as the spawn of Hobbesian philosophy—and admired Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, and Carl Schmitt as representatives of an exalted philosophy that wished to crush liberalism and its values. Yet years of exile, violence, and perplexity led to a significant change in Strauss’ critique of liberalism. From an anti-modern position that entirely ruled out liberalism and modern civilization, Strauss shifted to criticizing modernity from a softer, more accepting position that was—at least outwardly—reconciled with modern thought and did not seek to destroy modernity in one fell swoop.
Discrete Choice Models with Alternate Kernel Error Distributions

The multinomial logit (MNL) and probit (MNP) models dominated the literature on consumer behavior analysis, particularly in the transportation planning context where the focus is on future travel demand prediction as an aggregated outcome of individual traveler choices. While Gumbel kernel errors in the MNL model are unbounded and positively skewed, normal kernel errors in the MNP model are symmetric and unbounded. However, choice models with alternative kernel errors (beyond Gumbel and normal distributions) have piqued the interest of choice modelers for behavioral and prediction accuracy reasons. In addition, researchers found evidence in support of these alternate kernel errors in a wide variety of empirical contexts. This paper compiles a synthesis of the past literature that developed choices models with flexible kernel errors, including both parametric and semi-parametric methods and concludes with possible avenues for further research.
Alternate Donor HSCT for Fanconi Anemia (FA): Results of a Total Body Irradiation (TBI) Dose De-Escalation Study.

Major advances have been made that have improved survival in FA patients undergoing alternate donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AD-HSCT). While addition of fludarabine (FLU) to cyclophosphamide (CY) and single dose total body irradiation (450 cGy TBI) has been the single most important factor improving engraftment rates in FA patients, risks of infection and late effects remain important challenges. Seeking to reduce these risks, we hypothesized that FA patients undergoing AD-HSCT could reliably achieve neutrophil engraftment with less or no irradiation due to the profound immunosuppressive effects of FLU. Therefore, we conducted a single center, single arm, TBI dose de-escalation trial designed to determine the lowest possible dose of TBI required for engraftment in recipients of T cell depleted bone marrow (TCD BM) or umbilical cord blood (UCB) from AD. All patients received CY 10 mg/kg x 4 days, FLU 35 mg/m2 x 4 days, ATG 30 mg/kg x 5 days and a single fraction of TBI with CT guided thymic shielding. TBI dose de-escalation strata were: TBI 300 cGy (cohort 1); TBI 150 cGy (cohort 2); no TBI (cohort 3). All patients received CSA and methylprednisolone as GVHD prophylaxis and G-CSF 5 ug/kg/day until engraftment. The decision to proceed with each stepwise decrease in TBI is based upon achieving primary neutrophil engraftment in 10 of 10 patients at each dose level or 14 of 15 patients if one graft failure is observed in the first 10 patients. More than 1 graft failure in 15 patients was considered unacceptable and the next higher TBI dose level was thereafter to be considered the optimal dose. Between July 2006-July 2007, 13 FA patients were enrolled with 11 in cohort I (as patient 11 was enrolled prior to proven engraftment in patient 10) and 2 thus far in cohort 2. All patients achieved primary engraftment at a median of 11 days after HSCT. One patient (TBI 300) however developed secondary graft failure at day 178 and died at day 253. Two patients developed grade II acute GVHD and none developed chronic GVHD. With a median follow up of 10.2 months, 12 of 13 patients are alive with complete chimerism and no active GVHD. The results demonstrate that TBI 450 cGy is not required for engraftment in recipients of CY-FLU-ATG and HLA matched or mismatched TCD BM or UCB from AD. While longer followup is needed to quantitate the impact of lower dose radiation on risks of infection and therapy-related late effects, TBI 450 cGy should no longer be considered the standard of care.
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes from clinical specimens

The main goal of the current study was to isolate and detect Listeria monocytogenes isolate from clinical specimens. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 175 samples including: (94) Vaginal swabs, (81) piece of placenta using the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of virulence gene hlyA. A total of 6 isolates of L. monocytogenes were isolated from 2 (2.1%) vaginal swabs, 4 (4.9%) piece placenta, and hlyA gene, prfAgene and actA gene was detected in 100% of L. monocytogenes isolates.
Exploring the need for (extreme) speed: motivations for and outcomes of discontinuous NPD acceleration

New product development (NPD) speed is an important concern for firms in today’s fast-paced economy. While existing literature has focused on continuous NPD speed improvements, this paper explores ...
P-016 Incidence and management of re-stenosis in patients stented for intracranial atherosclerotic disease: a consecutive series of 243 stented patients

Introduction Angioplasty and stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic disease can re-establish adequate luminal diameter in highly stenotic arteries and improve cerebral blood flow. As in other vascular territories, intracranial stented arteries may develop delayed re-stenosis due to progression of atherosclerotic disease or endothelial hyperplasia. The primary strategies for management of re-stenosis have included aggressive medical therapy, angioplasty only, and repeat angioplasty and stenting. Methods A total of 243 patients underwent intracranial angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic ICAD from 2000–2019 at two institutions. Patients were treated with balloon expandable coronary stents until 2002, when self-expanding intracranial nitinol stents became available. The series included: 21 balloon expandable coronary stents, 36 Neuroform or Atlas stents, 45 Enterprise stents, and 141 Wingspan stents. Of this group, 221 patients had delayed follow up intracranial vascular imaging at 6 months, 1 year, or longer. In follow up, 25 of the 221 patients (11.3%) developed significant re-stenosis, defined as 70% or greater. Eleven of the patients were symptomatic and 14 had no symptoms. A total of 17 patients underwent endovascular treatment of their re-stenosis, and 8 had medical management only. Results The mean time interval for re-stenosis was 8.7 months. Of the 17 patients treated with endovascular therapy for re-stenosis, 4 patients had angioplasty only and 13 patients had angioplasty and stenting. There was one peri-procedural stroke in this group (5.9%) and no other strokes in the follow up period (mean 2.4 years, range 6 months – 7 years). Of the 8 patients who were managed medically, 1 patient had a stroke (12.5%) in the follow up period at 10 months (mean follow up 2.1 years, range 3 months – 5 years). Discussion The preliminary data from this study suggests that patients with severe re-stenosis may be at significant risk of stroke, even if the re-stenosis is currently asymptomatic. As with other vascular territories, re-stenosis can be managed with multiple modalities, but repeat angioplasty and stenting in this series appears to be a low risk and viable option for these patients compared with medical therapy alone. Disclosures M. Alexander: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular. Z. Barnard: None.
Leukocyte Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissue, Including in Obesity

Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in both metabolic health and pathophysiology. Its expansion in obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity, with contributions to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Obesity prevalence is at an all-time high and is projected to be 50% in the United States by 2030. AT is home to a large variety of immune cells, which are critical to maintain normal tissue functions. For example, γδ T cells are fundamental for AT innervation and thermogenesis, and macrophages are required for recycling of lipids released by adipocytes. The expansion of visceral white AT promotes dysregulation of its immune cell composition and likely promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, which has been proposed to be the underlying cause for the complications of obesity. Interestingly, weight loss after obesity alters the AT immune compartment, which may account for the decreased risk of developing these complications. Recent technological advancements that allow molecular investigation on a single-cell level have led to the discovery of previously unappreciated heterogeneity in many organs and tissues. In this review, we will explore the heterogeneity of immune cells within the visceral white AT and their contributions to homeostasis and pathology.
Does grossly complete transurethral resection improve response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Abstract Introduction There is controversy regarding the benefit of a grossly complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Advocates for this approach suggest a higher response rate to NAC, while others suggest this can increase the surgical risk for no clear benefit. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our institutional radical cystectomy (RC) database from 2011 to 2018 for patients who received an adequate course of cisplatin-based NAC for nonmetastatic MIBC. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with complete response [ypT0] or no residual muscle invasive bladder cancer [ypT Results A total of 167 patients received NAC followed by RC for MIBC during the study period and 100 patients were included in the analysis due to known status of the completeness of TURBT—of these 49 patients underwent complete resection while 51 patients underwent incomplete resection prior to NAC. There were no significant differences in baseline clinicopathologic characteristics between patients who had complete vs. incomplete TURBT. At the time of RC, the overall ypT0 rate was 24% (n = 24), while the overall rate of ypT Conclusion We found no association between response to cisplatin-based NAC and completeness of TURBT in a cohort of MIBC patients. The study is limited by its retrospective nature and lack of ability to predict response to NAC based on TURBT tissue evaluation.
Mechanical Environment Test Specifications Derived from Equivalent Energy in Fixed Base Modes

The main point of mechanical environment testing is to prove that designs can withstand the loads imparted on them while being exposed to in-service conditions. This is dependent not only on the test article construction, but also the loads imparted through its boundary conditions. Current practices for developing environment test specification are typically based on inadequate information reduced to single input point control with large uncertainty as compared to the field environment. Yet the test specifications are considered conservative, with the assumption that most of the adjustment for uncertainty is conservatism. For base mounted components, a modal model is presented that can be used to generate specifications with much lower uncertainty and with guaranteed quantifiable conservatism. In this method, the modal energies in the fixed base modes of the article due to the in-service loads are determined. Using the fixed base modes of the test article as a basis, the test specification is derived by determining what fixture motion is required to emulate the in-service environment. The specification method accounts for frequency shifts between the in-service and test configurations. Variability in nominal test articles can be included in the derivation of the test specifications. Real hardware under in-service environment loads and in a ground test fixture and loading configuration are considered.
A Low-Power Backscatter Modulation System Communicating Across Tens of Meters With Standards-Compliant Wi-Fi Transceivers

This article presents the first integrated circuit designed to enable low-power backscatter communication with commodity Wi-Fi transceivers. The developed chip operates by receiving a series of packets generated from a Wi-Fi access point (AP), which feeds into a low-power energy-detecting wake-up receiver that determines when backscatter communication should commence. Then, the Wi-Fi AP sends an additional packet that is intended to be backscatter modulated. To accomplish this, the antenna receiving the incident Wi-Fi packet is terminated by a dynamically varying collection of complex impedances via a crystal-stabilized multi-phase local oscillator driven by a single-sideband (SSB) mixer, which ultimately performs SSB quadrature phase shift-keying (QPSK) modulation with frequency-translation to a separate Wi-Fi channel for reception by a second Wi-Fi AP. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS, the downlink wake-up receiver consumes 2.8 $\mu \text{W}$ and achieves a sensitivity of −42.5 dBm, which is good enough for >30 m wake-up range, while the backscattering uplink consumes 28 $\mu \text{W}$ and achieves 17 dB of image rejection. Wireless tests reveal a range of 21 m when the developed IC is placed symmetrically between Wi-Fi access points (APs), and a range of >90 m when the developed IC is placed within 1 m of the transmitting Wi-Fi AP.
MEMBRANE PROTEIN STRUCTURES AND INTERACTIONS FROM COVALENT LABELING COUPLED WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY

Membrane proteins are incredibly important biomolecules because they mediate interactions between a cell's external and internal environment. Obtaining information about membrane protein structure and interactions is thus important for understanding these essential biomolecules. Compared with the analyses of water-soluble proteins, the structural analysis of membrane proteins is more challenging owing to their unique chemical properties and the presence of lipid components that are necessary to solubilize them. The combination of covalent labeling (CL) and mass spectrometry (MS) has recently been applied with great success to study membrane protein structure and interactions. These studies have demonstrated the many advantages that CL-MS methods have over other traditional biophysical techniques. In this review, we discuss both amino acid-specific and non-specific labeling approaches and the special considerations needed to address the unique challenges associated with interrogating membrane proteins. This review highlights the aspects of this approach that require special care to be applied correctly and provides a comprehensive review of the membrane protein systems that have been studied by CL-MS. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Accuracy of estimated fetal weight assessment in fetuses with abdominal wall defects

BACKGROUND Gastroschisis and omphalocele are congenital abdominal wall defects in which the bowel and other abdominal contents extrude from the fetal abdominal cavity. Standard formulas for estimated fetal weight using ultrasound include fetal abdominal circumference measurement and have a range of error of approximately 10%. It is unknown whether the accuracy of estimated fetal weight assessment is compromised in fetuses with abdominal wall defects because of the extrusion of abdominal contents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the accuracy of standard estimated fetal weight assessment in fetuses with abdominal wall defects by comparing prenatal assessment of fetal weight with actual birthweight. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of fetuses diagnosed with gastroschisis or omphalocele was performed at a single center from 2012 to 2018. Fetuses with additional anomalies or confirmed chromosome abnormalities were excluded. Estimated fetal weight was calculated using the Hadlock formula. Published estimates of fetal growth rate were used to establish a projected estimated fetal weight at birth from the final growth ultrasound, and the percent difference between projected estimated fetal weight at birth and actual birthweight was calculated. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to examine the difference between projected estimated fetal weight and actual birthweight. RESULTS We had complete data for 112 fetuses with abdominal wall defects, including 85 with gastroschisis and 27 with omphalocele. The median (interquartile range) projected estimated fetal weight was similar to median birthweight, at 2283 g (interquartile range, 2000–2810) and 2306 g (interquartile range, 1991–264), respectively, which did not represent a statistically significant difference between projected estimated fetal weight and actual birthweight (P=.32). The median percent error was 6.8 (3.1–12.8). In addition, we did not find any statistical difference between projected estimated fetal weight and actual birthweight in patients with gastroschisis (P=.52) or omphalocele (P=.35) individually. Estimated fetal weight was underestimated in most cases (n=68 [60.7%]). CONCLUSION In fetuses with abdominal wall defects, standard measurement of fetal weight shows an accuracy that is at least comparable with previously established margins of error for ultrasound assessment of fetal weight. Standard estimated fetal weight assessment remains an appropriate method of estimating fetal weight in these fetuses.
Health care for people who are incarcerated.

Incarcerated individuals and those with a history of incarceration have high rates of medical conditions yet face several barriers to care. Removing these barriers through adequate funding, enhancing the role of community health systems, and addressing stigma and discrimination are imperative to improve the health and well-being of this population.
Ectopic Anterior Mediastinal Pancreas: An Unusual Case of New Onset Hemoptysis.

Ectopic pancreas within the anterior mediastinum is a rare congenital anomaly. We present a case of a solid anterior mediastinal mass that presented with hemoptysis and ground glass parenchymal changes in the right upper lobe. Robotic surgical resection was completed, and final pathology was consistent with benign pancreatic tissue. The patient fully recovered with no recurrence of hemoptysis. Ectopic pancreas, although uncommon, should be included in the differential for solid and cystic anterior mediastinal masses, and surgical resection is often curative and effectively manages symptoms.
Examining associations among provider-family relationships, provider coping strategies, and family child care providers’ relationships with children

Family child care (FCC) providers are key suppliers of care and education to young children, yet they often experience stressors that can influence their ability to provide developmentally appropri...
Mobility database overflow control in 3G cellular networks

In a 3G cellular network, the gateway location registers (GLRs), the visitor location registers (VLRs) and the home location registers (HLRs) form a three-level mobility database structure. When users leave a GLR/VLR service area, the corresponding records in the GLR/VLR are deleted. Due to mobility, a GLR/VLR database may overflow at some time periods when the number of visitors significantly increases in the GLR/VLR area. If the GLR/VLR is full, the registration procedure fails and the system cannot deliver services to incoming users under the existing cellular technology. We propose a hierarchical database overflow control mechanism in 3G cellular networks to effectively eliminate the GLR/VLR overflow problem, and incoming users can continuously use the service with insignificant extra overhead. An analytic model is proposed to investigate the performance of the hierarchical database overflow control scheme.
THE EFFECT OF IMMATURITY AND PRENATAL ASPHYXIA ON THE LUNGS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION OF NEWBORN LAMBS: THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS.

1. The effect of immaturity on the lungs and pulmonary function of newborn lambs was assessed by delivering and observing 13 animals of varying gestational ages. In lambs of approximately 125-129 days gestation changes closely resembling those of human respiratory distress syndrome developed without asphyxia. These changes consisted of retraction of the chest wall, poor gas exchange, grossly liver-like lungs, reduced pulmonary surface activity, and, on histological examination, severe atelectasis, alveolar necrosis, and hyaline membranes. 2. Similar changes were found in 4 of 6 lambs subjected to severe prenatal asphyxia lasting for up to 4 hours which were between approximately 130-136 days gestation but not in three of four comparable control animals. 3. Prolonged prenatal asphyxia was followed by changes suggesting respiratory distress in only 1 of 6 lambs above 136 days gestation. One further lamb at 140 days gestation, acutely asphyxiated to the point of cardiac arrest, developed severe changes. 4. It is postulated that the experimental disease and the syndrome seen in the human infant are produced by similar mechanisms, and that the influence of prematurity is more important than that of asphyxia.
FATE OF TUBERCLE BACILLI IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- AND BCG-TREATED MICE

Kochan, Ivan (Baylor University, Dallas, Texas) and Sandra R. Rose. Fate of tubercle bacilli in lipopolysaccharide- and BCG-treated mice. J. Bacteriol. 84:291–294. 1962—The fate of intravenously injected tubercle bacilli in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and BCG-treated mice was compared in this study to that in BCG-vaccinated and untreated mice. The potentiality of the treatments in development of “nonspecific immunity” was evaluated by determining numbers of tubercle bacilli in tissue homogenized suspensions rather than by the usually employed survival time of infected animals. The results indicate that during the experimental period the fate of tubercle bacilli of the challenge infection was the same in LPS-treated and heat-killed BCG-treated mice as in the untreated animals. Shortly after infection, the bacillary number increased during a 4-day period; after this time their number declined, reaching about half of the original number by 10 days. The vaccination of animals with live BCG induced good immunity. The same numbers of tubercle bacilli in LPS-and BCG-treated as in normal mice raise doubts as to the efficacy of “nonspecific immunity” in the suppression of bacteria in treated animals.
Enhanced Multi-Stream Kalman Filter Training for Recurrent Networks

We present a framework for the training of time-lagged recurrent networks that has been used for a wide variety of both abstract problems and practical applications. Our method is based on rigorous computation of dynamic derivatives, using various forms of backpropagation through time (BPTT), a second-order weight update scheme that uses the extended Kaiman filter, and data delivery mechanics designed for sequential weight updates with broad coverage of the available data. We extend our previous discussions of this framework by discussing various alternative forms of BPTT. In addition, we consider explicitly the issue of dealing with and optimizing network initial states. We discuss the initial state problem from the standpoint of making time-series predictions.
Aligning work force management practices with competitive priorities and process technology: A conceptual examination

Abstract Despite the accepted need for strategic alignment in the manufacturing strategy literature, there has been relatively little research aimed at simultaneously aligning decisions in the structural and infrastructural areas with the competitive priorities of an organization. This article attempts to bridge the gap by examining how work force management practices, an infrastructural decision, should be aligned with both the process technology of a manufacturing plant, a structural decision, and its competitive priorities. A conceptual model for linking competitive priorities, process technologies, and work force management practices is presented, and specific and testable propositions are developed for future empirical research. The proposed conceptual model is based on the premise that the process of matching work force management practices to competitive priorities involves identification of the key managerial tasks underlying various competitive priorities. These tasks, in turn, are matched with the process technology characteristics and work force management practices to seek a good fit, which is expected to improve manufacturing performance.
How inadequate provision of public infrastructure and services affects private investment

Lack of private investment is a serious policy problem in many developing countries, especially in Africa. Despite recent structural reform and stabilization, the investment response to date has been mixed, even among the strongest reformers. The role of poor infrastructure and deficient public services has received little attention in the economic literature, where the effect of public spending and investment on growth is shown to be at best ambiguous. The authors use unique microeconomic evidence to show the effects of poor infrastructure services on private investment in Uganda. They find that poor public capital, proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply, significantly reduces productive private investment. Firms ca substitute for inadequate provision of public capital by investing in it themselves. This comes at a cost, however: the installation of less productive capital. These results have clear policy implications. Although macroeconomic reforms and stabilization are necessary conditions for sustained growth and private investment, without an accompanying improvement in the public sector's performance, the private supply response to macroeconomic policy reform is likely to remain limited.
Semi-Classical Boltzmann Transport Theory in Semiconductors

The over-riding theoretical problem in hot electron behavior remains that of trying to understand the manner in which the distribution function of the electrons is modified by the presence of the electric field. This is true whether we are dealing with a bulk material or the current response in a device. It is also a formidable experimental problem [see, e.g., Bauer (1974)].
High-speed rail cost recovery time based on an integer optimization model

Summary With increasing gasoline prices, electric high-speed rail (HSR) systems represent one means to mitigate overexposure to volatile prices. However, additional research is needed related to funding this infrastructure. In this paper, we develop a new integer optimization model to address this problem and use a hypothetical case study to demonstrate the approach. The objective of the approach is to minimize the time period in which the cost of HSR construction and operation can be recovered. This is an iterative process based on an integer optimization model, whose objective function is to determine the optimum recovery time (ORT), by setting the HSR ticket price and frequency. Embedded in the optimization model is a multinomial logit model for calculating the demand for HSR as a function of these decision variables, thus capturing the effects of level of service on market share. In particular, the optimization model accounts for the role of different types of subsidies toward HSR construction (one-time subsidies at construction, annual subsidies, and subsidies depending on frequency). This method can also help determine whether an HSR system should be built or how much subsidy should be provided given a fixed expected cost recovery time. By integrating the logit model into the objective function evaluation, the effects of ticket price and service frequency on service demand can be directly captured. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A computational study of methane-air combustion over heated catalytic and non-catalytic surfaces

Abstract A boundary layer model for the combustion of methane-air mixtures over a heated catalytic and noncatalytic surface maintained at constant temperature has been developed. Finite differences and a modified damped Newton's method were implemented to solve the coupled nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations for the conservation of total mass, momentum, energy, and chemical species. Adaptive gridding was used to obtain high resolution into the boundary layer and at the flame front. Detailed gas-phase chemistry was included in the model. The effect of different surface reaction boundary conditions on flame propagation and on the development of unstable species profiles in the gas-phase has been studied. An inert surface and a surface promoting gas-phase oxidation of the fuel to stable products have been simulated. In addition, the effect of desorption of hydroxyl radicals from the wall during the oxidation of the fuel on the unstable species profiles and on the propagation of the flame into the boundary layer was studied. The results illustrate the sensitivity of the predicted methane flame propagation on the surface boundary conditions used, which is more pronounced than for a hydrogen flame studied earlier.
Differentially expressed genes associated with the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer

We have previously shown that human breast carcinoma cells demonstrating an interconverted phenotype, where keratin (epithelial marker) and vimentin (mesenchymal marker) intermediate filaments are both expressed, have an increased ability to invade a basement membrane matrix in vitro. This increase in invasive potential has been demonstrated in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, which constitutively express keratins and vimentin, and in MCF‐7 cells transfected with the mouse vimentin gene (MoVi). However, vimentin expression alone is not sufficient to confer the complete metastatic phenotype in MoVi cells, as determined by orthotopic administration. Thus, in the present study, differential display analysis was utilized to identify genes that are associated with the invasive and/or metastatic phenotype of several human breast cancer cell lines. Forty‐four of 84 PCR fragments were differentially expressed as assessed by Northern hybridization analysis of RNA isolated from MCF‐7, MoVi, and MB‐231 cell lines. Polyadenylated RNA from a panel of poorly invasive, invasive/non‐metastatic, and invasive/metastatic breast carcinoma cell lines was used to differentiate between cell‐specific gene expression and genes associated with the invasive and/or metastatic phenotype(s). We observed that lysyl oxidase and a zinc finger transcription factor were expressed only in the invasive and/or metastatic cell line; whereas, a thiol‐specific antioxidant and a heterochromatin protein were down‐regulated in these cells. In contrast, tissue factor was expressed only in breast carcinoma cell lines having the highest invasive potential. These results suggest that specific genes involved in breast cancer invasion and metastasis can be separated by differential display methodology to elucidate the molecular basis of tumor cell progression.