cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abundant Numbers and the Riemann Hypothesis

In this note I describe a computational study of the successive maxima of the relative sum-of-divisors function ρ(n) := σ(n)/n. These maxima occur at superabundant and colossally abundant numbers, and I also study the density of these numbers. The values are compared with the known maximal order ea log log (n); theorems of Robin and Lagarias relate these data to a condition equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis. It is thus interesting to see how close these conditions come to being violated.
Effect of temperature changes on intrapulpal pressure and hydraulic permeability in dogs.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of temperature in the physiologic range (30 °–45 °C) on intrapulpal pressure and hydraulic permeability. A cylindrical channel was drilled by hand to the pulpo-dentinal junction in canine teeth of dogs. A threaded stainless steel cannula was screwed to a jam fit in the dentinal wall of the channel. A thermocouple for measuring temperature extended beyond the tip of the cannula to the pulp surface; a sidearm connected the cannula to a low compliance pressure transducer system. Nichrome heating wire, wound around the external tooth surface and held in place by acrylic coping, was used to alter tooth temperature. Before applying heat, the average initial values in the 13 teeth were: pulp pressure, 36mmHg, pulp temperature, 30.4 °C. As temperature was increased, pressure rose linearly with a slope averaging 2.5 mmHg/ °C. When temperature was returned to its original level, pressure declined at a less steep rate, averaging 1.6 mmHg/ °C. The pressure changes noted were due to temperature-induced alterations in vasomotor state rather than to thermal expansion and contraction of hard tissue, as indicated by the lack of any permanent baseline shift following microinjections. Pressure pulses whose amplitude varied directly with temperature were superimposed upon baseline pressure. Hydraulic permeability, determined by injecting small amounts of fluid from the microsyringe, was doubled by increasing the pulpal temperature from 30 ° to 40 °C, indicating a decreased resistance to fluid transport in the pulp at higher temperatures. Because of the difference in slopes upon increasing and decreasing temperature, pressure did not return to its initial value, but rose with each successive cycle throughout the experiment. Thus, the effect of temperature on pulp pressure had both reversible and irreversible components. We ascribe the reversible component to the direct effect of temperature on arteriolar dilatation, an explanation consistent with our observations on hydraulic permeability. The most likely explanation for the irreversible component is increased capillary permeability due to trauma, or sustained vasodilatation due to long-term neural or chemical influences.
Malicious Modification Attacks by Insiders in Relational Databases: Prediction and Prevention

This paper investigates the problem of malicious modifications by insiders in relational databases. It presents an algorithm that shows how to construct insiders’ Modification Graphs, which demonstrate the authorized and unauthorized data items in which insiders can make changes. Two methods are provided to prevent modification attacks. The first method prevents attacks by hiding dependencies between data items. The second method prevents attacks by denying write access to some data items. We present the cut algorithm that determines which dependencies should be hidden to prevent modification attacks on sensitive data items. In addition, we use modification graphs to determine which write accesses should be denied in order to prevent such attacks.
Cell Growth Dynamics in Bladder Carcinogenesis: Implications for Risk Assessment

A biological model of carcinogenesis has been developed that can be expressed mathematically, and therefore can be studied using computer-based analyses. It is based on several assumptions: Carcinogenesis occurs in two stages: initiation and transformation (to malignant tumors); the carcinogenic events can occur only in stem cells or their functional equivalents; these events can occur only during the active part of the cell cycle; each of the events occurs in a probabilistic fashion. Cell dynamics are thus an extremely important part of carcinogenesis. Any agent can have an impact on the carcinogenic process by either directly altering the genome (genotoxic) or increasing the proliferative rate of the tissues: increasing the number of cell divisions through which a spontaneous alteration in the genome can occur; or an agent can affect both of these. Effects on the genome and on cell proliferation can have different dose-responses. Extrapolation to low doses requires consideration of the dose-response for...
Interband magneto-tunneling in polytype type II heterostructures

Abstract This paper reviews the physical mechanisms that are responsible for interband resonant tunneling in type II heterostructures, in particular GaSb/AlSb/Ir,As/AlSb/GaSb. An analysis of their low-temperature current-voltage characteristics, when combined with the application of strong magnetic fields and hydrostatic pressure, provides detailed information on energy and momentum conservation rules, band parameters, and magnetic energy levels, including spin splitting of the lowest Landau level.
On the use of random walks to estimate correlation in fitness landscapes

It is shown that fitness landscapes for constrained optimization problems are statistically anisotropic. Consequently, conducting a single, long random walk to estimate correlation in the landscape can produce incorrect results. We argue that more accurate estimates can be obtained by forming a composite picture from a set of confined random walks.
Shape optimization of 3D continuum structures via force approximation techniques

The existing need to develop methods whereby the shape design efficiency can be improved through the use of high quality approximation methods is addressed. An efficient approximation method for stress constraints in 3D shape design problems is proposed based on expanding the nodal forces in Taylor series with respect to shape variations. The significance of this new method is shown through elementary beam theory calculations and via numerical computations using 3D solid finite elements. Numerical examples including the classical cantilever beam structure and realistic automotive parts like the engine connecting rod are designed for optimum shape using the proposed method. The numerical results obtained from these methods are compared with other published results, to assess the efficiency and the convergence rate of the proposed method.
Surviving Recurrence: Psychological and Quality-of-life Recovery

BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, data characterizing patients' psychosocial experiences after a recurrence diagnosis are limited. This report provides the physical, psychological, and quality-of-life trajectories of patients with recurrent breast cancer. In addition, patients with a well–documented trajectory—patients with their initial diagnosis of breast cancer—were included as a referent group, providing a metric against which to gauge the impact and course of cancer recurrence. METHODS Patients with a newly diagnosed, recurrent (n = 69) or initial (n = 113) breast cancer were accrued. The groups did not differ with regard to age, race, education, family income, or partner status (all P values > .18). All patients were assessed shortly after diagnosis (baseline) and 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months later. Mixed-effects models were used to determine health status, stress, mood, and quality-of-life trajectories. RESULTS In the year after a recurrence diagnosis, patients' physical health and functioning showed no improvement, whereas quality of life and mood generally improved, and stress declined. Compared with patients who were coping with their first diagnosis, patients with recurrence had significantly lower anxiety and confusion. In contrast, physical functioning was poorer among recurrence patients, quality-of-life improvement was slower, and cancer-related distress was high as that of the initially diagnosed patient. Slower quality-of-life recovery was most apparent among younger patients (aged <54 years). CONCLUSIONS Despite the physical burden, patients with recurrent breast cancer exhibit considerable resilience, with steady improvements in psychological adjustment and quality of life during the year after diagnosis. Management of patients' physical symptoms is particularly important, because patients cope with recurrent breast cancer as a chronic illness. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Direct comparison of two methods to measure T1: in vitro and in vivo values by echo-planar imaging and by segmented k-space imaging

Abstract We test a hypothesis that proton T 1 is accurately measured independent of the physics inherent to the method. We used two well-validated but quite different imaging methods to measure T 1 in phantoms and in humans; an echo-planar imaging T-one measurement (EPITOME) method, and a segmented k -space acquisition precise and accurate inversion recovery (TurboPAIR) method. Agreement between the methods was generally excellent; the square of the correlation coefficient ( r 2 ) in phantoms was 0.9996. The r 2 in brain tissue of volunteers was 0.79 overall, and 0.85 if cortical gray matter and corpus callosum were excluded. Nevertheless, small but significant differences were observed between methods in vivo and T 1 measurements were sensitive to tissue type, although measurements could be made comparable. The major difference between the methods is that EPITOME takes 97 s to image 15 slices at low resolution, while TurboPAIR takes 240 s to image one slice at high resolution.
Effect of Grain Boundary Resistivity on Solid State Phase Transformation Induced by Electric Current Pulse in a Cold-Rolled Cu­Zn Alloy

To clear the effect of grain boundary resistivity on solid state phase transformation, an electrical current pulse (ECP) was applied to a 40% cold-rolled Cu­Zn alloy, and the angle between the exerted current direction (CD) and rolling direction (RD) varied from 0 to 90°. Results showed that with the change of angle, the average grain sizes of ECP treated samples were varied. Through the thermodynamic analysis, it was known that the different diffusion activation energy induced by different grain boundary resistivity was attributed to the evolution of microstructure. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2011368]
An Empirical Investigation of the Microstructure of Knowledge Acquisition and Transfer Through Learning by Doing

Does knowledge acquired through learning by doing on one shift transfer to a second shift when it is introduced at a manufacturing plant? The answer to this question has important theoretical implications about where knowledge is embedded in organizations and about sources of productivity growth. The answer also has important practical implications for managers planning to introduce additional facilities. This paper analyzes the amount of transfer across shifts at a manufacturing facility. Specifically, we analyze the amount of knowledge that is carried forward when the plant makes the transition from one to two shifts. We also investigate whether the rate of knowledge acquisition differs by shift, and we estimate the amount of transfer that occurs across shifts once both are in operation. In addition, we study transfer over time by analyzing whether knowledge acquired through learning by doing is cumulative and persists through time or whether it depreciates.
Selective use of multiple entropy models in audio coding

The use of multiple entropy models for Huffman or arithmetic coding is widely used to improve the compression efficiency of many algorithms when the source probability distribution varies. However, the use of multiple entropy models increases the memory requirements of both the encoder and decoder significantly. In this paper, we present an algorithm which maintains almost all of the compression gains of multiple entropy models for only a very small increase in memory over one which uses a single entropy model. This can be used for any entropy coding scheme such as Huffman or arithmetic coding. This is accomplished by employing multiple entropy models only for the most probable symbols and using fewer entropy models for the less probable symbols. We show that this algorithm reduces the audio coding bitrate by 5%-8% over an existing algorithm which uses the same amount of table memory by allowing effective switching of the entropy model being used as source statistics change over an audio transform block.
A fast iterative finite element model for electrodynamic and magnetostrictive vibration absorbers

This paper presents a finite element model for simulating electrodynamic and magnetostrictive vibration absorber systems. The model employs a decoupled formulation to compute motion induced voltages in a magnetomechanical coupled system. The model is first validated by comparison with experimental measurements. An application of the model for optimization of the system damping performance using model predictions, is presented. The model is also used to calculate the frequency response of a magnetostrictive actuator. >
Dominant membrane uncoupling by mutant adenine nucleotide translocase in mitochondrial diseases

Adenine nucleotide translocase (Ant) is the most abundant protein on the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) primarily involved in ADP/ATP exchange. Ant also possesses a discrete membrane uncoupling activity. Specific mis-sense mutations in the human Ant1 cause autosomal dominant Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (adPEO), mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy, which are commonly manifested by fractional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. It is currently thought that the pathogenic mutations alter substrate preference (e.g. ATP versus ADP) thereby dominantly disturbing adenine nucleotide homeostasis in mitochondria. This may interfere with mtDNA replication, consequently affecting mtDNA stability and oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we showed that the adPEO-type A128P, A106D and M114P mutations in the yeast Aac2p share the following common dominant phenotypes: electron transport chain damage, intolerance to moderate over-expression, synthetic lethality with low Deltapsi(m) conditions, hypersensitivity to the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and mtDNA instability. More interestingly, the aac2(A137D) allele mimicking ant1(A123D) in mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy exhibits similar dominant phenotypes. Because Aac2(A137D) is known to completely lack transport activity, it is strongly argued that the dominant mitochondrial damages are not caused by aberrant nucleotide transport. The four pathogenic mutations occur in a structurally dynamic gating region on the cytosolic side. We provided direct evidence that the mutant alleles uncouple mitochondrial respiration. The pathogenic mutations likely enhance the intrinsic proton-conducting activity of Ant, which excessively uncouples the MIM thereby affecting energy transduction and mitochondrial biogenesis. mtDNA disintegration is a phenotype co-lateral to mitochondrial damages. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of the Ant1-induced diseases.
Sequential Choices and Partisan Transitions in U.S. Senate Delegations: 1972-1988

A recent increase in the number of states sending mixed delegations to the U.S. Senate, i.e., having one senator of each political party, has led scholars to ask why essentially stable electorates produce different partisan outcomes. We contend that the existing arguments do not, and cannot, adequately explain this phenomenon. The failure of these earlier attempts is the direct result of a misinterpretation of the choices faced by voters in sequential elections. The existence of mixed Senate delegations is not all that extraordinary in an era of candidate-centered, rather than party-centered, campaigns. In short, sequential, binary decisions are not equivalent, and mixed delegations are perfectly consistent with general expectations of voting behavior and electoral politics. A model consisting of election-specific variables is used to predict transitions to and from mixed delegations, and to directly test, and reject, the primary existing explanation.
Applied AC and DC magnetic fields cause alterations in the mitotic cycle of early sea urchin embryos.

This study demonstrates that exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields (3.4-8.8 mT) and magnetic fields over the range DC-600 kHz (2.5-6.5 mT) can alter the early embryonic development of sea urchin embryos by inducing alterations in the timing of the cell cycle. Batches of fertilized eggs were exposed to the fields produced by a coil system. Samples of the continuous cultures were taken and scored for cell division. The times of both the first and second cell divisions were advanced by ELF AC fields and by static fields. The magnitude of the 60 Hz effect appears proportional to the field strength over the range tested. The relationship to field frequency was nonlinear and complex. For certain frequencies above the ELF range, the exposure resulted in a delay of the onset of mitosis. The advance of mitosis was also dependent on the duration of exposure and on the timing of exposure relative to fertilization. 01995 Wiley-Lis, Inc
High-Voltage trenched rectifiers for Smart Power technology

High-voltage junction and Schottky trenched power rectifiers (HV-JTPR and STPR) are fabricated and analyzed in this paper for 70 V to 100 V reverse voltage applications. Resulting from their combination, an innovative hybrid device (HTPR), with alternated Schottky/Junction fingers, is a proper solution to control the trade-off between the losses in forward and reverse modes.
Designing government information access programs: a holistic approach

The research reported forms a bridge between the case studies reported in the public administration literature and the research on individual elements of electronic access prevalent in the information science literature. It takes a more holistic view, attending to the specifics of users, uses, organizational capacity, data characteristics, and technology, in the context of a complete program in which these components interact. Our research suggests that these interactions are perhaps more important to the design of an effective electronic access program than any of the individual elements.
Increased insulin sensitivity and maintenance of glucose utilization rates in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction

In this study we determined body weight-specific fetal (umbilical) glucose uptake (UGU), utilization (GUR), and production rates (GPR) and insulin action in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fe...
Can novice drivers be trained to scan for information that will reduce their likelihood of a crash

Sixteen year old drivers are involved in 10.3 fatal crashes per 100 million vehicle miles, a rate almost double that of 18 year olds and almost eight times that of 45–64 year olds, who are the safest group of drivers. Crash rates are particularly higher during the first month of licensure and decline rapidly for about six months and 1000 miles and then much more slowly for at least two years, consistent with a typical learning curve. Research indicates that drivers who have their learner’s permit or are just newly licensed have particular difficulties identifying areas of a scenario from which hidden risks could emerge. Standard driver education programs do not appear to address these difficulties adequately. This suggests that some alternative form of driver training could reduce the crashes, either in the classroom or on the road. A PC based program designed to teach drivers to recognize risks early on is shown to improve their awareness of hazards, both on an advanced driving simulator and on the road.
A qualitative analysis of orthodontic-related posts on Twitter.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the content of orthodontic-related Twitter posts in order to improve our understanding of orthodontic patients' perceptions and treatment experiences. Materials and Methods: Some 131 consecutive posts were collected from Twitter over a 5-day period. Twitter's advanced-search function was used to limit the sampling frame to New Zealand. The posts were qualitatively analyzed for themes using discourse analysis. Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) excitement about getting braces off, (2) problems with braces, (3) positive comments about braces, and (4) negative comments about braces. Various language tools and symbols were often used to convey different degrees of emotion. The present study explores these themes and discusses how they relate to modern-age orthodontics. Conclusion: This is the first study to qualitatively analyze orthodontic-related posts in the social media era. Our findings suggest that orthodontic patients use social media sites such as Twitter...
Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for COPD.

Objective To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a six-month, cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following pulmonary rehabilitation.
AlphaScreen HTS and live-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays for identification of Tau-Fyn SH3 interaction inhibitors for Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and with Americans’ increasing longevity, it is becoming an epidemic. There are currently no effective treatments for this disorder. Abnormalities of Tau track more closely with cognitive decline than the most studied therapeutic target in AD, amyloid-β, but the optimal strategy for targeting Tau has not yet been identified. On the basis of considerable preclinical data from AD models, we hypothesize that interactions between Tau and the Src-family tyrosine kinase, Fyn, are pathogenic in AD. Genetically reducing either Tau or Fyn is protective in AD mouse models, and a dominant negative fragment of Tau that alters Fyn localization is also protective. Here, we describe a new AlphaScreen assay and a live-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay using a novel BRET pair for quantifying the Tau–Fyn interaction. We used these assays to map the binding site on Tau for Fyn to the fifth and sixth PXXP motifs to show that AD-associated phosphorylation at microtubule affinity regulating kinase sites increases the affinity of the Tau–Fyn interaction and to identify Tau–Fyn interaction inhibitors by high-throughput screening. This screen has identified a variety of chemically tractable hits, suggesting that the Tau–Fyn interaction may represent a good drug target for AD.
Specific Afferent Impulses and Cutaneous Sensibility

Resume LES IMPULSIONS AFFERENTES SPECIFIQUES ET LA SENSIBILITE CUTANEE 1. On analyse les etudes recentes qui montrent des temoignages de l'existence des impulsions afferentes specifiques des nerfs. Il existe beaucoup de temoignages qui indiquent une correlation generale des aspects quantitatifs de l'action potentielle des fibres afferentes des nerfs avec des modalites specifiques des sens. 2. En employant un amplificateur Matthews et un oscillographe avec un haut parleur, un appareil photographique, et un ecran vertical pour les ondes, on a fait des observations des potentiels de l'action des fibres seules des nerfs lesquelles donnent des recepteurs dans la peau de la grenouille. On a trouve des organes individuels d'extremite lesquels ne repondent qu'a un toucher leger; on en a trouve d'autres qui repondent seulement a la classe de stimuli qu'on sait douloureux chez l'homme. On en a trouve quelques-uns qui repondent aux deux types de stimulation. 3. Les potentiels de l'action causes par le toucher sont e...
Nano-economics, spinoffs, and the wealth of regions

The historical evolution of four prominent industry clusters is compared: automobiles in Detroit, Michigan, tires in Akron, Ohio, semiconductors in Silicon Valley, California, and cotton garments in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Detailed data are collected concerning the intellectual and geographic origins of entrants into the clusters and other regions to probe the mechanisms underlying geographic clustering. The main mechanism at work in the four clusters involves employees leaving established firms to found their own firms or shape new entrants in their industry. Questions and policy implications related to the spinoff mechanism and the mobility of employees are discussed.
The Rationalisation of Rural Sport: British Sheepdog Trials, 1873–1946

The article analyses the evolution in both the forms and changing social content of British Sheepdog trials, from the first recorded event at Bala, Wales in 1873 to the advent of their revival following the Second World War (during which they had been suspended). Contrary to popular myth, early trials were gentry sponsored and therefore heavily freighted with elite values concerning the nature of the shepherds' craft. Early trials accented speed, agility and obedience in the dog, as well as sheer entertainment value, arising often from debacles that might ensue in any given run. The trials, too, remained adjuncts to elite, Kennel-club style dog-shows, with their focus on conformation and the physical beauty of the animal. As the social prominence of the aristocracy and gentry receded after 1880, so too did their role in defining the nature of the sheepdog trial. With the founding of the International Sheepdog Society in 1906 by shepherds and farmers, the rules for such trials became transformed, reflecting more the actual work of the shepherd, and indirectly the larger shift within agriculture toward more specialised sheep production. These new rules gave the trial a rigorous aspect at once more modern than earlier prototypes, yet rooted in the craft traditions of rural artisans. At the same time, the shepherds and farmers, who made practical use of sheepdogs, assumed direction of the sport. The founding of the ISDS thus coincided with the new self-assertiveness of labour occurring nationally, reflected in the founding of the Labour party the very same year. Elements of the elite show-ring, however, would linger residually in ISDS trials, reflecting a degree of continuity, but these would gradually atrophy. ISDS trials would accent both the independent work of the dog and its ability to function as a working partner to the shepherd. The article thus deconstructs the complicated social evolution in the nature of a rural sport, which reflected in turn changes in the larger socio-economic environment, through a detailed analysis of the changing patterns of the trials themselves.
Evaporation of Mineral Oil in a Mist Collector

Abstract Many industrial processes generate mineral oil mist. Current control technologies focus only on removing the mist droplets from the air. However, if these droplets evaporate, the vapor can pass through a collector designed to remove droplets alone. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of evaporation for mineral oil droplets introduced to a mist collection system. Vapor was sampled using activated carbon downstream from the collector as high concentrations (45 to 55 mg/m3) of oil mist were injected upstream. After the system was loaded with mist, additional vapor samples were taken without mist injection to determine the amount of evaporation from mist-loaded collector components. The average vapor concentration measured for all samples taken when oil mist was introduced to the system was 4.02 mg/m3, or 8.8 percent of all oil introduced. Vapor concentrations caused by evaporation from collector components declined from 3 to 5 mg/m3 as clean air initially passed through freshly loa...
Reliability of immunofluorescence of renal tissue obtained at autopsy

A retrospective study of kidney tissues accessioned in the Department of Immunopathology was undertaken to determine the reliability of the direct immunofluorescence technic applied to necropsy tissues. Of 72 accessioned specimens, 27 were positive and showed a spectrum of immunomicroscopic patterns corresponding to different renal diseases. Only two patients whose specimens were negative by immunofluorescence had shown any clinical or light microscopic evidence of active glomerular disease. Periods from death to autopsy ranged from one to 20 hours. Positive fluorescence was found in tissues obtained as long as 20 hours after death. These findings suggest that immunofluorescent studies of autopsy-derived renal tissue yield acceptable results.
The Tactic Thinking on the Safety Planning of the City Logistic System

The profound significance of safety planning on city logistics system is comprehended from the systematic safety,the relationship between safety planning of city logistics system and regional planning,total planning of city and the land utilization planning is analyzed,the principles of safety planning establishment and implementation are put forward,as well as the compiling content and procedure of the safety layout in the city logistics system,which affords scientific references on the safety planning,safety decision and safety management of city logistics system for appropriate body.
Effect Evaluation on TB Control Program in Zhengyang County from 2001 to 2007

Objective To evaluate the mid-term implementation results of TB control program in Zhengyang County,summary the experience,find out the problem,and provide a scientific basis for TB control. Methods Relevant data collected from quarterly reports,annual reports and some special surveys from 2001 to 2007 were analyzed. Results During a 7-year period,totally 13,545 suspected patients visited the medical institutions;the average referral rate of suspected TB patients was 88.66%.3,986 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients were found,including 1,804 smear-positive patients and 1,392 new smear-positive patients.The average registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis with smear-positive was 34.40/100,000.And 1,804 smear-positive patients were treated for free and 1,582 were cured,the average cured rate of smear-positive patients was 87.69%.The cured rates of initial-treated cases and retreated cases with smear-positive were 90.30% and 78.88% respectively. Conclusions Remarkable outcome had been achieved in five-year implementation of TB control program,which gets a satisfactory result in Zhengyang County,especially the detection rate and the cured rate of infectious TB are increased annually.The technical strategies of TB control project are successful.Increasing the visiting rate of suspected TB patients and improving the implementation quality of DOTS are the key points in future.
Research on controlled blasting excavation technology for power transmission line in permafrost soils

Based on the experience of frozen earth blasting excavation of the railway,highway and tunnel construction in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,according to the engineering property of power transmission line and the climate property of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the controlled blasting excavation technology is studied.The lectotype standard of blasting equipment and explosive,the blasting construction technology and the environmental protection measures in permafrost soils are proposed.The conclusions can be regarded as basis and reference for power transmission line construction in permafrost soils.
Carboxy-terminal mutations of bile acid CoA:N-acyltransferase alter activity and substrate specificity

Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) is the terminal enzyme in the synthesis of bile salts from cholesterol and catalyzes the conjugation of taurine or glycine to bile acid CoA thioesters to form bile acid N-acylamidates. BAAT has a dual localization to the cytosol and peroxisomes, possibly due to an inefficient carboxy-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS), -serine-glutamine-leucine (-SQL). Mutational analysis was used to define the role of the carboxy terminus in peroxisomal localization and kinetic activity. Amidation activity of BAAT and BAAT lacking the final two amino acids (AAs) (BAAT-S) were similar, whereas the activity of BAAT with a canonical PTS sequence (BAAT-SKL) was increased >2.5-fold. Kinetic analysis of BAAT and BAAT-SKL showed that BAAT-SKL had a lower Km for taurine and glycine as well as a greater Vmax There was no difference in the affinity for cholyl-CoA. In contrast to BAAT, BAAT-SKL forms bile acid N-acylamidates with β-alanine. BAAT-S immunoprecipitated when incubated with peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (Pex5) and rabbit anti-Pex5 antibodies; however, deleting the final 12 AAs prevented coimmunoprecipitation with Pex5, indicating the Pex5 interaction involves more than the -SQL sequence. These results indicate that even small changes in the carboxy terminus of BAAT can have significant effects on activity and substrate specificity.
Neutrophils and viral-induced neurologic disease

Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by neurotropic viruses represents an increasing worldwide problem in terms of morbidity and mortality for people of all ages. Although unique structural features of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) provide a physical and physiological barrier, a number of neurotropic viruses are able to enter the CNS resulting in a variety of pathological outcomes. Nonetheless, antigen-specific lymphocytes are ultimately able to accumulate within the CNS and contribute to defense by reducing or eliminating the invading viral pathogen. Alternatively, infiltration of activated cells of the immune system may be detrimental, as these cells can contribute to neuropathology that may result in long-term cellular damage or death. More recently, myeloid cells e.g. neutrophils have been implicated in contributing to both host defense and disease in response to viral infection of the CNS. This review highlights recent studies using coronavirus-induced neurologic disease as a model to determine how neutrophils affect effective control of viral replication as well as demyelination.
Surgery of the rheumatoid elbow. Follow-up study on synovectomy combined with radial head excision.

A long-term follow-up of twenty-five synovectomies of the elbow joint with excision of the radial head in rheumatoid arthritis is reported with an analysis of the postoperative results.
Distribution Voltage Regulation Through Active Power Curtailment With PV Inverters and Solar Generation Forecasts

Distribution voltage profiles are subjected to overvoltage limit violations from high penetration of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Such voltage rises seen at the point of PV interconnection can be mitigated by adaptively changing the active and/or reactive power injection from the PV inverter. This work proposes a local voltage regulation technique that utilizes very short-term (15 s) PV power forecasts to circumvent imminent upper voltage limit violation or an overvoltage scenario. To provide these PV generation forecasts, a hybrid forecasting method is formulated based on Kalman filter theory, which applies physical PV generation modeling using high-resolution (15 s) data from on-site measurements. The proposed algorithm employs an active power curtailment based on these PV power forecasts, when the reactive power estimate given by a droop-based method cannot provide the desired voltage regulation within predefined power factor limits. The curtailment threshold values are calculated in such a way that this voltage regulation technique can reduce possible voltage limit violations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with case studies developed on a standard test feeder with realistic load and PV generation profiles.
Stalled replication fork rescue requires a novel DNA helicase.

Abstract During DNA replication, forks often stall and require restart. One mechanism for restart requires that the fork be moved in a direction opposite to that of replication. This reaction is known as fork regression. For this reaction to occur, the enzyme must couple unwinding of the nascent heteroduplex fork arms to the rewinding of nascent strands ahead of itself and to the parental duplex in its wake. As the arms of the fork are complementary, this reaction is isoenergetic making it challenging to study. To overcome this, a novel adaptation of magnetic tweezers was developed by the Croquette group. Here, a 1200 bp hairpin was attached at opposite ends to a flow cell surface and a magnetic bead. By manipulating the bead with the magnets, force can be applied to unwind the hairpin or alternatively, released to allow the hairpin to rewind. This adaptation was used to study fork regression by RecG. The results show that this is an efficient regression enzyme, able to work against a large opposing force. Critically, it couples DNA unwinding to duplex rewinding and in the process, can displace bound proteins from fork arms.
Life's utilization of B vitamins on early Earth

Coenzymes are essential across all domains of life. B vitamins (B1 -thiamin, B2 -riboflavin, B3 -niacin, B5 -pantothenate, B6 -pyridoxine, B7 -biotin, and B12 -cobalamin) represent the largest class of coenzymes, which participate in a diverse set of reactions including C1 -rearrangements, DNA repair, electron transfer, and fatty acid synthesis. B vitamin structures range from simple to complex heterocycles, yet, despite this complexity, multiple lines of evidence exist for their ancient origins including abiotic synthesis under putative early Earth conditions and/or meteorite transport. Thus, some of these critical coenzymes likely preceded life on Earth. Some modern organisms can synthesize their own B vitamins de novo while others must either scavenge them from the environment or establish a symbiotic relationship with a B vitamin producer. B vitamin requirements are widespread in some of the most ancient metabolisms including all six carbon fixation pathways, sulfate reduction, sulfur disproportionation, methanogenesis, acetogenesis, and photosynthesis. Understanding modern metabolic B vitamin requirements is critical for understanding the evolutionary conditions of ancient metabolisms as well as the biogeochemical cycling of critical elements such as S, C, and O.
Anesthesiological Challenges During Neuroradiological Interventions

Anesthesiologists are asked with increasing frequency to assist with cases involving interventional neuroradiology (INR). The anesthesia team should be aware of potential complications. Rarely, problems such as stroke from coil dislodgement, glue embolization, cranial vessel dissection, acute hemorrhage from occult large vessel dissection, undiagnosed coagulopathy, groin hematoma, and reperfusion edema may occur. This section will focus on three more common complications associated with neuroradiologic procedures: (1) acute reactions to contrast medium, (2) contrast-induced nephropathy, and (3) periprocedural arterial hypertension.
Posterior Tibial Arterial System Deficiency Mimicking Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Case Report.

Case: A 15-year-old female competitive high school basketball player presented as an outpatient with a 3-month history of bilateral exertional calf pain. Patient history and compartment pressure measurements were consistent with the diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome, and the patient underwent bilateral fasciotomies. Postoperatively, her symptoms recurred and she was found to have a deficient posterior tibial arterial system bilaterally, as confirmed on advanced imaging. Conclusion: We advocate the careful consideration of vascular etiologies in athletes who present with exertional leg pain.
Envisioning queer female fandom

Editorial for "Queer female fandom," edited by Julie Levin Russo and Eve Ng, special issue, Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 24 (June 15, 2017).
Culture-Risk-Trust Model for Dispute-Resolution Method Selection in International Construction Contracts

AbstractDespite the attractive opportunities that international construction offers, companies need to account for risks of moving into international markets, including major contractual and cultur...
Schopenhauer on the Moral Considerability of Animals: Toward a Less Anthropocentric Ethics

It is well known that Schopenhauer was a big fan of poodles, keeping several in succession as companions throughout his days in Frankfurt am Main, and leaving a tidy sum for the care of his surviving dog in his will. But it is not well known that animals in general play a pivotal role in his philosophical system and in his ethical thought in particular. In this chapter, I aim to show that it is largely Schopenhauer’s thinking about non-human animals —specifically, his view that animals and human beings are on an epistemic and moral continuum—that grounds some of his major departures from Kant. Once appreciated, I suggest, Schopenhauer’s ethical thought in particular offers—with some significant reconstruction—a novel, and philosophically attractive option for contemporary ethical theory, because it takes animals ’ moral status seriously and offers a less anthropocentric approach to ethics .
Valuation of a Technology Patent-Scope, Duration, and Royalty

The owner of a patent receives value from his patent in several ways. First, the patent owner can exploit the patent themselves to the legal exclusion of others. Second, the patent owner may sell all rights to the patented invention. Third, he may license the patent to others. The value of the patent depends on several factors including its scope of application (economic, technological, and legal), its duration of application (legally limited to a fixed period of time but often constrained by non-infringing superior substitutes, and by its royalty or profit rate. The value of a patent to its owner is clearly constrained by the availability of substitutes. Substitutes limit the value of the patent by affecting the scope, duration, and royalty a patent owner may expect to receive. The determination of these influences on a particular patent is hardly ever a generic exercise. More often than not the value of a patent is determined on a case by case basis.
Generalized lateral bending analysis of thin-walled beams with branched cross-sections

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a generalized consistent small-displacement analysis of thin-walled beams with branched cross sections, stiffened by diaphragms and subjected to lateral bending. The analysis takes into account the mid-surface shear strains considering the plane approximation of the contour out-of-plane distortion (nonsectorial warping) of the section caused by spatial lateral bending. The analysis is covered by nonhomogeneous boundary-value problem of the eighth order for two linear, coupled ordinary differential equations. Branched cross-sections (cross-sections with straight branches) of thin-walled beams do not suffer any contour warping because of torsion. Assuming the thickness-warping of the cross-sections to be negligible, no restrained torsion may occur in the beam.
Path-Integral Approach to the Statistical Physics of One-Dimensional Random Systems

A path-integral method is extended and developed to investigate the statistical physics of one-dimensional random systems. Evaluation of the one-particle partition function and density matrix is simplified to finding a solution for a second-order ordinary differential equation. This makes it possible to obtain analytic solutions or conduct accurate numerical calculations for the random systems. With this approach, an analytical solution for the Gaussian model is obtained and the statistical physics of the Frisch–Lloyd model is studied.
Weighing the Causal Evidence That Associates Short Sleep Duration With Obesity.

A substantial body of epidemiologic data has demonstrated associations between obesity and shorter sleep duration.1–6 These associations have been found in both adults and children and in diverse populations. These findings are particularly relevant because insufficient sleep is a widespread problem in the United States.7,8 Depending on the cutoff used to define inadequate sleep duration, anywhere from 30% to 90% of American children sleep fewer than the recommended number of hours per night.7,8 Adolescents meet recommended targets for sleep duration less frequently than younger children.7–9 The pressure of homework or extracurricular activities, the distraction of electronics, the mismatch between adolescents’ biological clocks and school schedules, and the noisy environments of many inner cities may be contributing factors for the relative sleeplessness of these children and adolescents. To date, most pediatric studies investigating relationships between sleep and obesity have been strictly observational and therefore do not provide information to make inferences about causation. Decreased sleep duration of children aged 16 months to 17 years is associated with a risk ratio between 1.86 and 2.06 for obesity, as well as increased calorie and sugar intake in many10–13 but not all studies.14 … Address correspondence to Nicole Glaser, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, 2516 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817. E-mail: nsglaser{at}ucdavis.edu
Literature Review Assignment

In this final paper assigned to students in English 302M, students are asked to select 6 credible sources on a topic of their interest within their discipline, and to synthesize their findings in a researched Literature Review paper. Two items are included in this submission. This assignment and the activities leading up to it support the English 302 Learning Outcomes: critical reading strategies; identify, evaluate, and use research sources; recursive writing; supporting arguments with evidence. Included files: The Instructor's Notes (ReadyInstructorsNotes), which detail how to incorporate this assignment into the 302 classroom and the assignment prompt distributed to students (ReadyAssignment), which includes instructions for the final paper and for two preliminary activities--the proposal and the poster presentation--as well as an overview of the suggested structure for the paper.
Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

The development of antimicrobial-resistant tuberculosis is a classic example of monotherapy selectively enriching resistant mutants so frequently that combinations of multiple drugs are required for successful treatment. Obtaining a successful outcome generally requires many months of treatment with drugs that have adverse effects on patients. Consequently, effort has focused on finding dosing regimens that can shorten treatment time. The primary drugs for treatment are isoniazid and rifampin; resistance to both of these compounds is called multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Infections that are monoresistant to isoniazid, which is common, are treated much as fully susceptible disease using a four-drug regimen. Monoresistance to rifampin, which is uncommon, is usually treated as MDR-TB using regimens that contain second-line drugs and longer treatment times. Finding optimal treatment depends on determining the susceptibility of the infecting strain to available agents. Drug resistance has historically been detected by labor-intensive bacterial culture methods that are gradually being replaced by nucleic acid-based tests. The latter depend on knowing the molecular basis of resistance and the associated nucleotide sequences in pathogen DNA, both of which are discussed. Despite considerable knowledge of M. tuberculosis drug resistance, on a global level the prevalence of drug resistance is increasing: we are failing to control tuberculosis.
Aspects of Mason & Dixon

Triangulating Thomas Pynchon's Eighteenth-Century World: Theory, Structure, and Paranoia in Mason & Dixon, by Manfred Kopp. Essen: Blaue Eule, 2004. 300 pp. 39 EUR.
Time-and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy using an Ultrafast XUV Source at 21.8 eV

We demonstrate a novel trARPES setup using high-order harmonic probe pulses produced from a moderately high power Yb: KGW amplifier. The surface band structure of Zr2Te2P is measured using a single harmonic at 21.8 eV. © 2019 The Author(s)