cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond bitches, niggers, and ho’s: some suggestions for including rap music as a qualitative data source

Abstract The major objective of this paper is to qualitatively demonstrate that rap music is not simply (what some may perceive to be) a disgusting display of violent and misogynistic music. While the authors are aware of the fact that there is a large section of rap music that is lewd and obscene, they argue, instead, that rap music is, at its basic level, an extension and analyses of the greater frustrations of the lived experiences of African Americans, specifically men, in today’s society. They suggest that this expression of the frustrations of a certain segment of the United States population is a beneficial qualitative data source that, if triangulated with other methodologies, could have major social policy ramifications.
Comparison of dppf-Supported Nickel Precatalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction: The Observation and Activity of Nickel(I).

Ni-based precatalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction have potential chemical and economic advantages compared to commonly used Pd systems. Here, we compare Ni precatalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction supported by the dppf ligand in 3 oxidation states, 0, I and II. Surprisingly, at 80 °C they give similar catalytic activity, with all systems generating significant amounts of Ni(I) during the reaction. At room temperature a readily accessible bench-stable Ni(II) precatalyst is highly active and can couple synthetically important heterocyclic substrates. Our work conclusively establishes that Ni(I) species are relevant in reactions typically proposed to involve exclusively Ni(0) and Ni(II) complexes.
L2 identity, discourse, and social networking in Russian

Liudmila Klimanova, University of Iowa Svetlana Dembovskaya, Loyola University Chicago As the integration of Internet-based social networking tools becomes increasingly popular in foreign language classrooms, the use of modern communication technologies is particularly critical in the context of less commonly taught languages (LCTLs), where student exposure to the target language and its speakers is usually minimal. This paper describes communicative exchanges between native speakers and non-native speakers (NS-NNS) in a telecollaborative project that spanned two semesters and brought a rich and authentic social networking community, VKontakte, into college-level Russian classes in the United States. The analysis of the students' online activities, phenomenological interviews, and interactions with Russian keypals grounded in the principles of identity construction through interaction (Bucholtz & Hall, 2005) and Discourse Analysis Framework (Gee, 2005) shed light on the students' emerging online second language (L2) identities along the continuum from L2 learners to L2 users. Along with global and local categories of L2 identity enactment in virtual social spaces, we bring into focus the notions of digital wisdom (Prensky, 2009) and investment (Norton, 2000), while exploring the ways in which learners of LCTLs, such as Russian, draw on Internet mediation in order to compensate for the lack of contact with the L2 and to extend social connections beyond the confines of a language classroom.
The silicon p-n-p-n switch and controlled rectifier (thyristor)

Based on the two-transistor model of Jim Ebers (a p-n-p transistor driving an n-p-n, and the n-p-n driving the p-n-p), the two-terminal and three-terminal Si p-n-p-n switch (low power) originated at Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) in 1954-1955. The two-terminal version, with its various limitations (along with tile Si technology supplied by BTL, Moll's group), went with Shockley to the West Coast. The two-terminal device and the Shockley enterprise failed, except as an unplanned, unpredicted transfer of technology that accidentally launched Silicon Valley. The three-terminal p-n-p-n device introduced by GE (1957) as the Si controlled rectifier (SCR, later thyristor) succeeded from the beginning, however, and became the dominant control device in the power industry. The early history of this work (1954-1960), including the shorted-emitter and symmetrical switch (TRIAC), is described. The early work proved the need to employ, besides the basic vertical p-n-p-n layering, lateral p-n patterning and the use of the lateral geometry for three-terminal operation, shorted emitters, symmetrical switches (TRIACs), regenerative gate operation, and ultimately gate-turn-off switches. Indeed, the two-terminal device could not match the performance of the three-terminal p-n-p-n switch, which became the premier megawatt control device of the power industry.
Supravital Staining of Mammalian Brain with Intraarterial Methylene Blue Followed by Pressurized Oxygen

In 25-day-old rats, injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml aliquots of 6% methylene blue in saline over 1 hr followed by a single 4–6 ml intra-arterial injection; O2 pressurized to 45 lb/in2 was used to improve reblueing of 1.5–2 mm slices of cerebellum, thus increasing staining selectivity. Factors believed to influence this selectivity for axonal elements and fine dendrites are the rapidity and pressure (about 300 mm Hg) of the terminal intra-arterial injection, the hyperbaric O2 treatment of tissue slabs for 1 hr as a substiute for room air, and immersion in 6% ammonium molybdate for 1 hr before return to atmospheric conditions.
Peer-Mediated Interventions to Increase the Social Interaction of Children With Autism: Consideration of Peer Expectancies

A variety of peer-related strategies to improve the social functioning of children With autism have been developed and empirically tested. Peer-mediated strategies typically involve the use of soci...
Use of ground water in assessment of biodegradation potential in the subsurface

The use of ground water in lieu of soil to determine the biodegradation potential of organic pollutants in the subsurface was assessed. With one exception, the recovery of viable counts and mineralization of naphthalene in the ground waters, but not the soils, collected from boreholes at an abandoned creosote waste site suggest that ground water may contain a microflora not representative of the subsurface. In samples from an aviation fuel spill, the extent of benzene mineralization in aquifer material and well water (from a nearby monitoring well) was about the same, whereas mineralization of benzene in ground water (from the same borehole as the soil) was 4.5 times less after 28 d of incubation. Rates and extent of naphthalene mineralization and microbial numbers declined in samples of water collected after pumping 0, 3,6, and 9 well volumes from a well in a plume of creosote contamination. A method was developed by which a representative sample of ground water was collected by treating the well and proximate formation with 0.5% H2O2 for 24 h and then continuously pumping for a second 24 h before the sample was collected for experimental use. The data suggest that determination of the biodegradation potential of subsurface pollutants using ground water is tenuous unless precautions are taken to ensure the microflora is representative of the subsurface.
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) Decreases Inflammatory Responses in Brain Endothelial Cells

Immune mediators and leukocyte engagement of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) contribute to blood–brain barrier impairment during neuroinflammation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was recently identified as a potent regulator of immune responses in in vitro systems and animal models. However, the role of GSK3β in regulation of immune endothelial functions remains undetermined. Here we evaluated the effect of GSK3β inhibition on the regulation of inflammatory responses in BMVECs. A focused PCR gene array of 84 genes was performed to identify the cytokine and chemokine gene expression profile in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-stimulated BMVECs after GSK3β inactivation by specific inhibitors. Fifteen of 39 genes induced by TNFα stimulation were down-regulated after GSK3β inhibition. Genes known to contribute to neuroinflammation that were most negatively affected by GSK3β inactivation included IP-10/CXCL10, MCP-1/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, RANTES/CCL5, and Groα/CXCL1. GSK3β suppression resulted in diminished secretion of these proinflammatory mediators by inflamed BMVECs detected by ELISA. GSK3β inhibition in BMVECs reduced adhesion molecule expression as well as monocyte adhesion to and migration across cytokine stimulated BMVEC monolayers. Interactions of monocytes with TNFα-activated BMVECs led to barrier disruption, and GSK3β suppression in the endothelium restored barrier integrity. GSK3β inhibition in vivo substantially decreased leukocyte adhesion to brain endothelium under inflammatory conditions. In summary, inhibition of GSK3β emerges as an important target for stabilization of the blood–brain barrier in neuroinflammation.
Abstract 3301: Clinical Outcomes and Rates of Symptomatic ICH May be Better Among Patients Receiving only IA tPA in the 4.5 Hour Window

BACKGROUND: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) has established benefit in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among selected patients. Intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis, though still of unproven efficacy, is postulated to have greater success in recanalizing large artery occlusion (LAO), and also offers an alternative treatment for patients disqualified from IV tPA. Combination therapy delivers the standard of care with potentially higher recanalization rates, but the safety of this is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hemorrhage, recanalization, and outcome for different modes of thrombolysis in AIS. METHODS: We retrospectively selected consecutive patients with LAO presenting to 2 medical centers within three-4.5 hours between August 2006 and July 2011 and divided them into three groups based on the mode of thrombolysis: group 1) IV-IA, group 2) IA, and group 3) IV. Patients who received IV tPA and underwent mechanical thrombolysis without additional IA tPA were excluded. We compared age, baseline and one week/discharge National Institutes of Health stroke scale scores (NIHSSS), pre/post intervention thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) scores, one to three month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and rates of symptomatic hemorrhage (sICH) using chi-square tests and analysis of variance. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients were included as follows: group 1, n=71; group 2, n=31; group 3, n=14. The mean age was 67+/-15 years, and initial NIHSSS 16+/-8, with minor inter-group differences. Times to IV tPA were 104+/- 42 (group 1) versus 140 +/-48 minutes (group 2, p=0.012). One week NIHSSS among survivors were 14+/-14 (group 1), 10+/-9 (group 2), and 12+/-12 (group 3). Initial angiographic data was retrievable for 52, among whom 71% had initial TIMI 0 scores in groups 1 and 2 (mean 0+/-1). Final TIMI scores were available in 39 patients with mode scores of 2 in 59% patients in group 1 (mean 2 +/-1) versus 71% in group 2 (mean 2+/-1). Long term outcomes were available for 42 patients, with median mRS of 4 in groups 1 and 3 versus 3 in group 2. There were 2 sICH in groups 1 and 3, and none in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Though there was a trend towards better outcomes with lower rates of hemorrhage in group 2 patients, the above findings did not reach statistical significance in this analysis. As ongoing trials compare outcomes between patients receiving IV versus IV and IA tPA, additional studies evaluating groups receiving only IA tPA are needed.
Law & psychiatry. Who is responsible when a patient's insurance runs out?

As intensive management of mental health insurance benefits becomes the norm across the United States, clinicians and psychiatric facilities share a common concern: what continuing responsibilities do they have toward patients when the dollars run out? If a recent court decision from North Carolina is any guide, their ongoing obligations may be considerable.
Analysis of Plates and Shells by Boundary Collocation

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the technique and to review the past research on the boundary collocation method applied to the solution of bending, buckling and vibration of plates and shells. Boundary collocation is the method by which a sum of exact solutions to the governing differential equation is used, and boundary conditions are satisfied in a point-wise sense on the boundary. The method is extremely simple and when it works, it works exceedingly well. As with all methods, it does have certain drawbacks. An attempt is made in this chapter not only to explain the details of the method, but to clearly point out both its advantages and disadvantages.
The Atlanta Public Schools Scandal: Educator Fraud, RICO, And COSO

As the new Chief Audit Executive (CAE) of the school district in Big City, you are interested in the lessons regarding internal control which can be learned from educator fraud (cheating) which occurred in the Atlanta Public Schools (APS) scandal. You discover that educators erased students’ wrong answers and changed them to right answers, that educators made false certifications of test results, and that tests were opened (and resealed) prior to administration. The cheating went on for years. Multiple investigations ensued and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation eventually became involved. About 150 educators resigned, retired or lost their appeals to have their jobs reinstated. Educators who chose to go to trial were prosecuted under the RICO statute (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act). The APS eventually begun making remediation efforts for the students impacted by false test results. To attempt to prevent such cheating and fraud from occurring again, you relate the facts of the case to both the COSO internal control framework and to the fraud triangle. As CAE, you will use this information to instruct the internal auditors in your department.
Predicting dropout in outpatient dialectical behavior therapy with patients with borderline personality disorder receiving psychiatric disability

Rates of treatment dropout in outpatient Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in the community can be as high as 24 % to 58 %, making dropout a great concern. The primary purpose of this article was to examine predictors of dropout from DBT in a community mental health setting. Participants were 56 consumers with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who were psychiatrically disabled participating in a larger feasibility trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy- Accepting the Challenges of Exiting the System. The following variables were examined to see whether they predicted dropout in DBT: age, education level, baseline level of distress, baseline level of non-acceptance of emotional responses, and skills module in which a consumer started DBT skills group. These variables were chosen based on known predictors of dropout in consumers with BPD and in DBT, as well as an interest in what naturally occurring variables might impact dropout. The dropout rate in this sample was 51.8 %. Results of the logistic regression show that younger age, higher levels of baseline distress, and a higher level of baseline non-acceptance of emotional responses were significantly associated with dropout. The DBT skills module in which an individual started group did not predict dropout. The implications of these findings are that knowledge of consumer age and pretreatment levels of distress and non-acceptance of emotional responses can impact providers’ choice of commitment and treatment strategies to reduce dropout. Future research should examine these strategies, as well as the impact of predictor variables on outcome and reasons for dropout.
Strategies to Enhance Migration and Persistence of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells into Tumors

Since the past few decades, immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T-cells is providing a promising form of cancer treatment. This result has been obtained through the improvement of the methodologies used to expand ex vivo antigen-specific T cells, and through technology advancements in T-cell engineering aimed at transferring into these cells chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or αβTCRs chains. High enthusiasm is especially directed to the CAR technology, as this confers MHC-independent antigen-specificity to T cells, thus allowing broad clinical applications. The greatest advances have been achieved in lymphoid malignancies, while the clinical benefits of CAR-T cells to solid tumors still remain uncertain. In this review we will explore two of the problems that are currently perceived as limiting the success of the clinical translation of CAR-T cells in solid tumors: namely, the recruitment and survival of tumor-specific T cells in the microenvironment.
Security for universal personal communications

Evolving architectures for mobile personal communications will provide many new capabilities to users. Voice and data services will be globally available to individuals independent of their location. Unique personal identifiers will allow a person to be reached anywhere in the world, through a variety of communications media, and at a variety of terminal systems. These new services are accompanied by new risks. The author examines the threats to this new environment and possible security services and mechanisms for mobile personal communications. >
An investigation of the combustion process of a heavy-duty dual fuel engine supplemented with natural gas or hydrogen

This paper compares the effects of the addition of hydrogen (H2) or natural gas (NG) on the combustion of a heavy-duty diesel engine converted to operate under gaseous fuel-diesel dual fuel combustion mode. The parameters examined include the start of combustion (SOC), heat release process, peak heat release rate (PHRR), and combustion duration. Significant positive effects on the combustion process were only observed with the addition of a relatively large amount of H2 or NG. When operated at low load, the addition of a large amount of H2 or NG reduced the heat release rate (HRR) of the premixed combustion. By comparison, the addition of a relatively large amount of H2 or NG at high load significantly increased the PHRR of the diffusion combustion. The addition of H2 has more significant impact on the PHRR than NG. The addition of NG retarded the SOC while the impact of the addition of H2 on SOC was relatively mild. The significant variation in HRR and its phasing make it necessary to further optimize the combustion of a dual fuel engine. The impact of the addition of gaseous fuel on the brake thermal efficiency was also examined and discussed. The increased thermal efficiency was only observed with the addition of relatively large amount of H2 or NG at medium to high load. The improved thermal efficiency was due to the decrease in combustion duration and the shifting of the combustion phasing toward the optimal one. The decreased thermal efficiency observed at low load was due to the low combustion efficiency of the gaseous fuel supplemented.
Targeting the Mucosal Barrier: How Pathogens Modulate the Cellular Polarity Network

The mucosal barrier is composed of polarized epithelial cells with distinct apical and basolateral surfaces separated by tight junctions and serves as both a physical and immunological barrier to incoming pathogens. Specialized polarity proteins are critical for establishment and maintenance of polarity. Many human pathogens have evolved virulence mechanisms that target the polarity network to enhance binding, create replication niches, move through the barrier by transcytosis, or bypass the barrier by disrupting cell-cell junctions. This review summarizes recent advances and compares and contrasts how three important human pathogens that colonize mucosal surfaces, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, and Neisseria meningitidis, subvert the host cell polarization machinery during infection.
Sonic air-conditioning: muzak as affect management for office workers in Japan

Muzak is what musique concrete composer Pierre Schaeffer referred to as “acousmatic sound” – sound we hear without seeing its source. Muzak’s presence in public space is particularly relevant in Ja...
A Feast of Malaria Parasite Genomes.

The Plasmodium genus has evolved over time and across hosts, complexifying our understanding of malaria. In a recent Nature paper, Rutledge et al. (2017) describe the genome sequences of three major human malaria parasite species, providing insight into Plasmodium evolution and raising the question of how many species there are.
Effects of Experimental Soil Warming and Water Addition on the Transpiration of Mature Sugar Maple

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum), an economically important timber and syrup species, is not expected to flourish under projected future climates. The objectives of our study were to (1) tease apart the effects of warming and soil moisture availability on transpiration rates of mature sugar maple trees with a full-factorial soil warming × water addition experiment and (2) determine the primary environmental driver(s) of sugar maple transpiration in the upper Midwestern United States. Over three growing seasons, we monitored sap flux of 33 trees in eight 100-m2 plots, two replicates each of four treatments: (1) heat (soil warmed +4°C), (2) water (1.3 × ambient growing season precipitation, (3) heat + water, and (4) control. As expected, sugar maple transpiration decreased under the heat treatments in all years and increased in water treatments in years 1 and 2, all mediated primarily by soil moisture. However, under the heat + water treatment, supplemental water compensated for the warming-induced soil evaporation only in year 1 (2011), which was the driest year. Despite clear evidence of a soil moisture-mediated treatment effect, light was the dominant driver of seasonal variation in sap flux in this sugar maple-dominated ecosystem with relatively short growing seasons. However, sap flux was reduced with decreases in soil moisture, and therefore, net C gain likely was as well. Overall, our results suggest that even though this northern temperate species is primarily limited by light, sugar maple productivity may be reduced by a warming climate on drier sites within its current range, if warming is not accompanied by a sufficient increase in precipitation.
Tobacco Use and Attachment Style in Appalachia.

Tobacco has been recognized as the number one cause of preventable death in America and results in almost 5.2 million years of potential life lost each year. The use of tobacco products is highly c...
Abstract 15814: Novel Protective Mechanism of Cu Transporter ATP7A for Extracellular SOD Against Endothelial Dysfunction in Type2 Diabetes Vascular Complications

Endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress is the major vascular complication in diabetes mellitus (DM). Extracellular SOD (ecSOD), a secretory copper (Cu) enzyme, preserves endothelial fu...
Contexts and Correlates of Out-of-School Activity Participation Among Low-Income Urban Adolescents

Urban adolescents living in poverty, in contrast to their wealthier suburban peers, are exposed to a variety of risk factors that may compromise their psychosocial development. These risks include community violence, under-resourced schools, and low parental education. Historically, researchers and policymakers concerned with youth development have focused on understanding the negative individual-level outcomes associated with poverty, such as delinquency, school dropout, and teen pregnancy. More recent work, however, has examined the characteristics of contexts in which “at-risk” urban youth are embedded that actually facilitate resilience or competence (e.g., Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Seidman & Pedersen, 2003). A growing body of research suggests that out-of-school activities-structured youth programs held outside of school hours-hold promise as contexts in which urban adolescent development may be supported (Barber, Eccles, & Stone, 2001; Mahoney, 2000; Mahoney & Cairns, 1997).
Automated Artifact-Detection Procedure for Vaginal Photoplethysmography.

ABSTRACTVaginal photoplethysmography is the most commonly used method of assessing women's genital sexual arousal. Raw photoplethysmograph data consist of a series of peaks and troughs, and movement by the participant results in artifacts indicated by unusually high or low peak-to-trough amplitudes. The gold-standard approach to artifact detection involves visual inspection by a trained experimenter and manual removal of artifacts from the data set, however, this process is time-consuming and subject to human error. We present an automated data-processing procedure that uses a series of smoothing regression splines to model the data and identify outliers. The automated procedure was applied to a set of neutral data and sexual-arousal response data, and artifacts identified were compared to artifacts identified by the standard approach of visual inspection. The automated method showed acceptable accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity comparable to the manual-processing method. The automated proce...
Targeted plasma drug concentration: a new therapeutic approach to relapsed nonlymphoblastic leukemia in children.

Chemotherapy produces approximately a 30% long-term disease-free survival in newly diagnosed children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Al-though 75%–80% of children will enter a complete remission (CR), most will relapse with resistant leukemia while receiving postremission chemotherapy.
IMPLICATIONS OF INTEGRAL EXPERIMENT DATA TO LMFBR DESIGN

Experiments and calculations from a large variety of experiments have been examined to determine consistency and general trends. Particular attention was paid to basic parameters and to heterogeneity results which are necessary to make extrapolations to power reactor designs.
Transient-Flow Equations

Equations for the conservation of mass and momentum describe the transient flow in closed conduits. These equations are usually referred to as the continuity and momentum equations. Some authors call a simplified form of the latter, the equation of motion or the dynamic equation. These equations are a set of partial differential equations since the flow velocity and pressure in transient flow are functions of time as well as distance.
FDA’S food ingredient approval process: Safety assurance based on scientific assessment

Fifty years ago, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began implementing new provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act aimed at assuring the safety of new food additives before they enter the marketplace. Today, the agency's procedures for premarket evaluation of food additive safety have evolved into a scientifically rigorous, sound and dependable system whose objective and independent evaluations by FDA scientists assure that new food additives are safe for their intended uses before they arrive on the consumer's plate. Although controversy often surrounds food additives in the popular media and culture, and science-based challenges to FDA's decisions do arise, the agency's original safety judgments successfully withstand these challenges time and again. This article reviews the basic components of the FDA's decision-making process for evaluating the safety of new food additives, and identifies characteristics of this process that are central to assuring that FDA's decisions are marked by scientific rigor and high integrity, and can continue to be relied on by consumers.
Epithelioid Granuloma and Related Histologic Features Which May Differentiate Crohn’s Disease from Ulcerative Colitis in Rectal Biopsies

Inflammatory bowel disease of more than several months’ duration usually proves chronic and idiopathic rather than acute and self-limited. Nevertheless, the diagnosis is not always clear from the clinical, radiologic and endoscopic findings.
Gateway to the chloroplast

Chloroplasts start life as a proplastid precursor, and differentiation into the mature chloroplast involves the import of over 2,000 different proteins across the inner and outer envelopes of the proplastid. Little is known about the receptor complexes involved in import, but a new study reports the dissection, in vivo, of one component of this translocation machinery.
Oligomerization reactions of 1-hexene with metallocene catalysts: Detailed data on reaction chemistry and kinetics

Abstract The paper describes oligomerization reactions of 1-hexene with catalysts derived from three metallocene complexes, Cp2ZrCl2, (CH3-Cp)2ZrCl2 and (n-C4H9-Cp)2ZrCl2, and two types of methylalumoxane. Gas chromatographic analysis of oligomers provides detailed information on the chemical structure of individual oligomer molecules, the chemical mechanism and kinetics of early stages of the oligomerization reactions.
Rapid Generation of Medical Countermeasure Candidates Via Computational Variation Analysis

Abstract Rapid responses to emerging infectious diseases are needed for viral and bacterial pathogens. For some pathogens, no medical countermeasures (MCMs) yet exist. Pathogen heterogeneity and antigenic variation lead to immune response escape mutations for some pathogens (e.g., influenza) limiting the effectiveness of medical countermeasures. High throughput sequencing enables characterization of large numbers of pathogen isolates to which residue variation analysis can be applied to identify low variability targets. Multiple approaches are proposed that leverage these low variability targets as the first step of medical countermeasure development. Classes of MCMs informed by this approach include the following: DNA or RNA vaccines, both B-cell and T-cell vaccination strategies, anti-viral RNA targeting, antibody therapeutics, and aptamer targeting of viral protein complex interfaces as potential treatment strategies for infected individuals. Variation analysis-designed countermeasures targeting the Ebola glycoprotein are presented to illustrate the concepts for the proposed multiple targeted countermeasures.
Reactivity of (3-chloro-2-methylenecycloalkyl)palladium chloride dimers: palladium catalysed tropone formation

Abstract The formation of 4-(2′,3′,4′-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyltropone from the palladium catalysed ring opening--oxidation of 7-methylenebicyclo[4.1.0]heptane is described.
A Descriptive Study of Child and Adolescent Obsessional Followers

This study is a preliminary descriptive investigation of the phenomenon of stalking in children and adolescents. Data on offender characteristics, victim characteristics, and stalking patterns were examined in a sample of 13 obsessional followers ranging in age from 9 to 18. Many research findings from investigations on adults who stalk were replicated in this study, including the fact that most stalking offenders are male, most victims are female, and about half of stalking cases involve threats made toward the victim. In addition, the rate of violence was 31% in this sample of juvenile stalking offenders and the most common methods of stalking were physical approach, telephone calls, and letter writing. Some interesting trends in the data emerged which require further study and suggest some differences may exist between juvenile and adult stalking offenders. The results are preliminary and suggest directions for future research.
Development of insert-welded diamond coring bit

An important way to improve overall drilling efficiency is to extend the life of single bit,especially using high matrix diamond bits in deep hole.Impregnated diamond blocks were manufactured by using hot pressing method,and then new drill bit steel body including multi-layer nozzle and waterway was processed,at last the impregnated diamond blocks and new drill bit steel body were combined by insert-welded processing.Two75/54.5mm diamond coring diamond drill bits were developed,the height of work layer was 22mm.Experimental results showed that the life of two drill bits was 86mand 93m,respectively,improved by 120%and 141%compared with the conventional impregnated diamond bit.
Les animaux et nous chez Marie Darrieussecq : une coexistence indispensable

Cet article analyse la place des animaux dans les ecrits de Marie Darrieussecq. S’appuyant sur les dernieres recherches sur la question animale en litterature, il montre comment l’ecrivaine donne une voix aux animaux, sans tomber dans un anthropomorphisme naif. Ses romans, de plus, suscitent une interrogation metaphysique sur ce qui nous constitue comme humain. A travers l’utilisation de structures narratives qui brouillent la difference entre les humains et les animaux, Darrieussecq revele la continuite qui nous unit. Ainsi elle deconstruit l’idee cartesienne d’une « exception humaine ». La litterature est pour Darrieussecq le moyen d’essayer de voir le monde a travers les yeux des animaux, car elle est le lieu de la rencontre avec l’Autre, la ou on ne parle pas a la place des autres mais ou on parle « pour eux. Vers eux » (Rapport de Police 255). La romanciere exerce pleinement ce qu’elle considere etre son travail d’ecrivaine, ecrire la ou il n’y a pas encore de mots.
Can resources save rationality? ‘Anti-Bayesian’ updating in cognition and perception

Resource rationality may explain suboptimal patterns of reasoning; but what of "anti-Bayesian" effects where the mind updates in a direction opposite the one it should? We present two phenomena - belief polarization and the size-weight illusion - that are not obviously explained by performance- or resource-based constraints, nor by the authors' brief discussion of reference repulsion. Can resource rationality accommodate them?
Online Teaching in International Business

Higher education, including that in International Business (IB), faces a number of challenges. One of the primary challenges is its cost that is rising at a much faster pace than any other costs ex...
Application Factors May Not Be Predictors of Success Among General Surgery Residents as Measured by ACGME Milestones.

Abstract Background Can factors within the Electronic Residency Application Service application be used to predict the success of general surgery residents as measured by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) general surgery milestones? Methods This is a retrospective study of 21 residents who completed training at a single general surgery residency program. Electronic Residency Application Service applications were reviewed for objective data, such as age, US Medical Licensing Examination scores, and authorship of academic publications as well as for letters of recommendation, which were scored using a standardized grading system. These factors were correlated to resident success as measured by ACGME general surgery milestone outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. This study was conducted at a single academic tertiary care and level 1 trauma facility. Residents who completed general surgery residency training from the years of 2012-2018 were included in the study. Results There were few correlations between application factors and resident success determined by the ACGME milestones. Conclusions Application factors alone do not account for ongoing growth and development throughout residency. Unlike the results presented in the literature for other surgical subspecialties, predicting general surgery resident success based on application factors is not straightforward.
Analyses of Various Step-Wise-Monopoly Distortions

Section 7.1 analyzes the step-wise-monopoly (imperfections-in-seller-price-competition-generated and imperfections-in-QV-investment-competition-generated) distortion in the private benefits that a specifiable unit-output (UO) producer did obtain/would have obtained by selling a specified unit of output it produced/could have produced, that a specifiable QV investor did obtain/would have obtained by using a specified QV investment it created/could have created, and that a specifiable production-process researcher did obtain/would have obtained by using the production-process discovery its specified PPR project did make/would have made. Section 7.1 also analyzes the step-wise-monopoly (SW[M]) distortion that the combination of imperfections in seller (price and QV investment) competition and traditional fair-rate-of-return public-utility-pricing regulation can generate in the private benefits yielded by the creation of some QV investments and the execution of some PPR projects. Section 7.2 analyzes the (SW[M])D in the profits yielded by various categories of economics-marginal resource allocations.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns Following Pediatric Tonsillectomy in the United States, 2009-2017.

OBJECTIVES Assess national trends in opioid prescription following pediatric tonsillectomy: 1) overall percentage receiving opioids and mean quantity, 2) changes during 2009-2017, and 3) determinants of prescription patterns. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis using 2009-2017 Optum claims data to identify opioid-naive children aged 1-18 with claims codes for tonsillectomy (n = 82,842). Quantities of opioids filled in outpatient pharmacies during the perioperative period were extracted and converted into milligram morphine equivalents (MMEs) for statistical comparison. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic predictors of opioid fill rate and quantity were determined using regression analyses. RESULTS In 2009, 83.3% of children received opioids, decreasing to 58.3% by 2017. Rates of all-cause readmissions and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages were similar over time. Mean quantity received was 153.47MME (95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 151.19, 155.76) and did not significantly change during 2009-2017. Opioids were more likely in older children and those with higher household income, but less likely in children with obstructive sleep apnea, other comorbidities, and Hispanic race. Higher quantities of opioids were more likely in older children, while lower quantities were associated with female sex, Hispanic race, and higher household income. Outpatient steroids were prescribed to 8.04% of patients, who were less likely to receive opioids. CONCLUSION While the percentage of children receiving post-tonsillectomy opioids decreased during 2009-2017, prescribed quantities remain high and have not decreased over time. Prescription practices were also influenced by clinical and sociodemographic factors. These results highlight the need for guidance, particularly with regard to opioid quantity, in children after tonsillectomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 131:E1722-E1729, 2021.
Validation of CARE Scale-7 in treatment-seeking patients with chronic pain: measurement of sex invariance.

Objectives Social and interpersonal factors impact the trajectory of chronic pain. We previously developed and validated a 2-factor, 7-item measure to assess interpersonal factors, including relationship guilt and worry and difficulty prioritizing self-care in chronic pain. Here, we confirm the factor structure and examine the sex invariance of the two-factor structure of the CARE Scale-7. Methods Data were collected as part of routine clinical care at a tertiary pain clinic using the Collaborative Health Outcomes Information Registry. Patient participants (67% women) were predominantly middle-aged (M = 50.9 years, SD = 17.8), married (55.2%), and White/non-Hispanic (55.7%). Data included demographics, pain characteristics, CARE Scale-7, pain catastrophizing, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System psychological and physical function measures. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the factor structure of the CARE Scale, and a stepwise approach to measurement invariances by sex examined configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Results Internal consistency of the scale items ensured suitability for factor analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis findings revealed an overall good fit of the 2-factor model among males and females and that CARE Scale-7 is in fact sex invariant. Finally, CARE Scale-7 showed convergent validity with pain-related outcomes. Discussion The CARE Scale is the first validated instrument to assess self-care in both sexes among patients with chronic pain. The subscale of difficulty prioritizing self-care emerged as a potentially unique factor that should be integrated in clinical assessment. CARE Scale may facilitate standardized measurement in research and clinical contexts, which may inform a comprehensive treatment focus that integrates individualized self-care planning.
Textiles Literacy: Implementing Inquiry-Based Learning in a Basic Textiles Class

Learning about textiles provides students with an essential foundation of knowledge for a career in fashion. More research is needed to help students with comprehension and application of knowledge, or textiles literacy. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of inquiry-based learning, a versatile student-driven pedagogy, in a basic textiles course. The inquiry-based project titled “Textiles Literacy” was developed to promote understanding and application of knowledge over memorization. Through group-led inquiry, students learned about textiles by applying creativity, critical thinking, literacy, communication, and teamwork skills. At the conclusion of the project, students responded to five open-ended questions about their project experience. Analysis resulted in five primary themes: impact on understanding textiles, role of textiles in fashion, attitude toward project, skills and knowledge, and likelihood to seek further knowledge. Results demonstrated that the project had a positive impact on student appreciation, and attitude toward learning about textiles.
Poor patient health is associated with higher caregiver burden for older adults with advanced cancer.

Abstract Objectives Family caregiver burden among older adults with advanced cancer remains poorly understood. We sought to (1) identify patient factors associated with caregiver burden and (2) examine how amount of time caregiving modifies these relationships. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cluster-randomized palliative care intervention trial including patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers, recruited from 17 oncology practices in Pennsylvania. Caregiver burden was measured using Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12; range 0–48). Patient factors included functional status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), symptom burden (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Palliative Care). Using adjusted multivariable regression, we analyzed (1) independent associations between patient factors and caregiver burden and (2) how weekly caregiving hours modified these relationships. Results Among 441 patient-caregiver dyads, mean patient age was 70 ± 10 and caregiver age was 62 ± 13 years. Most caregivers (59%) were patients' partners. Caregivers reported 44.5 ± 53.5 average hours spent caregiving weekly; mean ZBI-12 scores were 10.3 ± 7.3. Worse patient functional status (β = 4.20, p Conclusions In advanced cancer, poor patient physical and mental health is associated with higher caregiver burden regardless of hours caregiving; future studies should examine interventions tailored to alleviate caregiver burden for this group.
The accuracy of HPV genotyping in isolation and in combination with CD4 and HIV viral load for the identification of HIV‐infected women at risk for developing cervical cancer

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype testing has limited utility to identify human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) women's risk for developing cervical cancer (CC) due to high positivity rate of high-risk (HR) HPVs. We investigated the accuracy of HPV testing in isolation/in combination with CD4 and HIV viral load (VL) to identify HIV+ women at risk for developing CC. METHODS Study consisted of 344 HIV+ women on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), tested for cervical cytology/HPV using the Cobas test and had data on absolute CD4 count and VL measurements. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of HPV testing, pre-, post-cART, and current CD4 and VL in isolation and in combinations to identify those with or free of higher than atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS+) or low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL+). RESULTS HPV test in combination with pre-/post-cART or current CD4 counts and VL had higher PPVs compared to HPV test alone for identifying ASCUS+ or LSIL+. PPV of HPV-CD4 combinations yielded higher PPVs compared to HPV-VL combinations. The NPVs with pre-, post-cART, or current CD4 count and VL in isolation or in combinations were comparable to that of HPV test alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a more accurate tool for managing HIV+ women by combining Cobas HPV with CD4 and VL, especially those who had an undesirable pre-cART CD4 and VL status. Our results also indicate the usefulness of CD4 and VL measurements to identify those at lower risk in the absence of HPV testing.
Polymer-Grafted Porous Silica Nanoparticles with Enhanced CO 2 Permeability and Mechanical Performance.

Three different types of polymer ligands, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl methacrylate-random-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PMMA-r-PEGMEMA), and poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL), were grafted onto the surface of 15 nm solid and large hollow porous silica nanoparticles (average particle size ∼60 nm) by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to demonstrate the enhanced carbon dioxide (CO2) permeability as well as mechanical properties. After characterizing the purified products, free-standing bulk films were fabricated by the solvent-casting method. The poly(ionic liquid) nanocomposite films exhibited a much higher carbon dioxide permeance than PMMA and PMMA-r-PEGMEMA systems with a similar silica content. Also, the hollow silica-mixed matrix membranes showed a significant enhancement in CO2 permeability compared to the 15 nm solid silica films because of the pore structure. Despite the transparency loss due to the scattering of larger particle sizes, the hollow silica particle brush films exhibited the same mechanical properties as the 15 nm solid silica-derived ones.
La filosofía de la liberación y sus avatares descoloniales en clave de africanía

Ten years ago when we celebrated the 70th anniversary of Enrique Dussel in a conference entitled Mapping the decolonial turn, I presented a work on the Cuban Congo Philosophy as an expression of the existentialism of Africanism and the politics of liberation. In this conference-homage to the 80th anniversary of the master, we tried to establish a political-epistemic dialogue between the thought and politics of Africanism and the philosophy of liberation. This implies both a Dussel reading in the key of Africania and a Dusselian interpretation of African and Afro-diasporic thought. To explore this dialogue in full, beyond the possibilities of this writing, so we will take four routes in that way: 1) we will give a rough look at how the African is located in the philosophy and policy of Dussel’s liberation; 2) We will look at several important examples of how to globalize and interculturalize critical thinking in the Dusselian key from the Afro world; 3) we will approach the relationship between dialectic and analytic in Dussel, and then translate it as a movement of double criticism between what we call the Reason of Caliban and the Reason of Exu-Eleggua, and; 4) We will briefly examine liberation as a political-philosophical category in Dussel in dialogue with key figures in the thinking and politics of Africanism.