cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—ARTERIAL AND VENOUS THROMBOSES OF THE PROXIMAL LIMB IN TWO THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES

Thromboses of the cranial tibial vein (Horse 1) and brachial, median, and cranial circumflex humeral arteries (Horse 2) were identified as causes of unilateral lameness in two Thoroughbred racehorses. Nuclear scintigraphy was performed for suspicion of long bone stress fractures but instead allowed identification of unusual areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake within soft tissues of the affected limbs. Ultrasonography of these regions allowed identification of occlusive thrombi within a 25 cm length of the cranial tibial vein (Horse 1) and variable lengths of affected arteries in Horse 2. Horse 1 developed secondary infections and was euthanized. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all sites. The cause of thrombosis was not identified in Horse 2.
Chandra Evidence of a Flattened, Triaxial Dark Matter Halo in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 720

We present an analysis of a Chandra ACIS-S observation of the elliptical galaxy NGC 720, to verify the existence of a dark matter halo and to measure its ellipticity. The ACIS-S3 image reveals over 60 point sources distributed throughout the field, most of which were undetected and therefore unaccounted for in previous X-ray studies. For semimajor axes a 150'' (18.2 h kpc), the ellipticity of the diffuse X-ray emission is consistent with a constant value, X ≈ 0.15, which is systematically less than the values of 0.2-0.3 obtained from previous ROSAT PSPC and HRI observations because of the unresolved point sources contaminating the ROSAT values. The Chandra data confirm the magnitude of the ~20° position angle (P.A.) twist discovered by ROSAT over this region. However, the twist in the Chandra data is more gradual and occurs at smaller a, also because of the point sources contaminating the ROSAT values. For a 150'' out to a = 185'' (22.4 h kpc), which is near the edge of the S3 CCD, X and P.A. diverge from their values at smaller a. Possible origins of this behavior at the largest a are discussed. Overall, the ellipticities and P.A. twist for a 150'' can be explained by the triaxial mass model of NGC 720 published by Romanowsky & Kochanek (which could not produce the abrupt P.A. twist in the ROSAT HRI data). Since the optical image displays no substantial isophote twisting, the X-ray P.A. twist requires a massive dark matter halo if the hot gas is in hydrostatic equilibrium. Furthermore, the values of X obtained by Chandra are too large to be explained if the gravitating mass follows the optical light (M L*), irrespective of the P.A. twist. The M L* hypothesis is inconsistent with the Chandra ellipticities at the 96% confidence level, assuming oblate symmetry, and at the 98% confidence level for prolate symmetry. Thus, both the P.A. twist and the ellipticities of the Chandra image imply the existence of dark matter, independent of the temperature profile of the gas. This geometric evidence for dark matter cannot be explained by alternative gravity theories, such as the modification of Newtonian dynamics (MOND). To constrain the ellipticity of the dark matter halo, we considered both oblate and prolate spheroidal mass models to bracket the full range of (projected) ellipticities of a triaxial ellipsoid. The dark matter density model, ρ (a + a2)-1, provides the best fit to the data and gives ellipticities and 1 σ errors of = 0.37 ± 0.03 for oblate and = 0.36 ± 0.02 for prolate models. Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) and Hernquist models give similar ellipticities for the dark matter. These moderate ellipticities for the dark halo are inconsistent with both the nearly spherical halos predicted if the dark matter is self-interacting and the highly flattened halos predicted if the dark matter is cold molecular gas. These ellipticities may also be too large to be explained by warm dark matter, but they are consistent with galaxy-sized halos formed in the currently popular ΛCDM paradigm.
The revised EU Prospectus Regulation: key changes to the contents of prospectuses

This article discusses significant changes to the disclosure regime for prospectuses in the EU. These stem from amendments to the EU Prospectus Regulation that had to be made as a result of the amendments to the EU Prospectus Directive. The changes to the Prospectus Regulation are set out in two delegated regulations of the EU Commission, one of which entered into force on 1 July 2012, covering significant changes to the format and content of prospectuses, the summary and final terms, and introducing a proportionate disclosure regime for certain rights issues and offerings of small and medium-sized enterprises and companies with reduced market capitalisation. A further regulation is pending, covering changes in relation to consents to be given in the context of retail cascades and the requirement for an auditor's report for inclusion of profit forecasts and estimates. A consultation in relation to convertible and exchangeable securities is also pending that will result in further changes to the Prospectus...
Regional climate simulations over the continental United States during the summer of 1988 driven by a GCM and the ECMWF analyses

Abstract A regional climate model is driven at its lateral boundaries by the European Center for Medium Range Forecast (ECMWF) analyses and the GENESIS global climate model (GCM) during the spring and summer of 1988. Observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are imposed as boundary conditions in the GCM. The regional climate simulations are integrated from April 1, 1988 through September 1, 1988 using a horizontal grid spacing of 108 km over the continental United States. The largest differences in both the atmospheric circulation and the surface climate of the regional climate simulations with GCM boundary conditions occur during June of 1988 when compared to the analyses or observations. The primary cause for the different results in the regional climate simulations is the lack of an anomalous upper level circulation in the GCM. In summary, the regional model does not add additional value to the large-scale patterns, which show the same systematic bias as the GCM. However, precipitation in the regional model is closer to observations when compared to the GCM. This implies that the use of an ensemble average to provide boundary conditions in conjunction with improved physics of the regional model may enhance the regional detail that is absent in low resolution GCMs.
Subpicosecond High-Brightness UV Laser System

A laser system that produces intense subpicosecond pulses of 248 nm light is under development. Ultrashort pulses are generated in the visible in a synchronously-pumped mode-locked dye oscillator, heterodyned into the uv by two KDP crystals, and amplified in a chain of KrF* amplifiers. Front end output of 5 pJ is amplified to 20 mJ and focused to peak intensities of order 10 17 W cm-2. Additanal amplification is expected to permit experiments at intensities >10 20 W cm -2 .
Standardizing wounds: Alexis Carrel and the scientific management of life in the First World War

This essay analyses the development of the Carrel-Dakin treatment for infected wounds during the First World War to explore the relationship between industrialized warfare and experimental medicine, the politics of standardization, and the relationship between the theories and practices of physiology and scientific management. It first describes the intellectual and institutional context from which Alexis Carrel's wound research emerged: experimental medicine and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Next the story moves to the experimental laboratory hospital on the Western Front and the quantification of wounds. Then it considers the propaganda and training campaign in support of the method at the War Demonstration Hospital located on the institute's New York City campus. The de-skilling inherent in the standardization of surgical practice was a response to the incompetence of inexperienced military surgeons, but also an attempt to restructure the medical profession into a hierarchical organization capable of being administered by elite scientist–physicians. Underlying the narrative is the paradox of simultaneous segregation of the biological and the social through laboratory practices and their conflation through the organic analogy.
Microscale electrospinning of polymer nanofiber interconnections

Polymer fiber interconnects were produced between microscale features on a substrate using only electrostatic forces. Electric-field-driven directed growth of nanoscale carboxymethylcellulose fibers was achieved between microscale droplets of a concentrated polymer solution. The fibers were studied using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy and were observed to emerge from the tip of conical protrusions formed at the surface of the droplets. The conical structures appear to be analogous to the characteristic Taylor cones formed in an electrospinning process and the process is interpreted as a microscale version of electrospinning requiring significantly lower driving potentials.
Multienzymic nature of pyruvate kinase during development of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda)

H. diminuta at different stages of development contained as many as five pyruvate kinase isozymes. Four of these were unusually sensitive to allosteric activation by fructose-1,6-P2. One isozyme which occurred only in adults or near-adults was insensitive but had a relatively low Km. All were inhibited by ATP and Ca2+, none by alanine, and the pH optimum was unaffected by fructose-1,6-P2. The five isozymes were present in gravid or reproductively active proglottids. Two of them occurred after eight days growth in the rat intestine, and three after four days. These three were also present in the immature, anterior proglottids of adult parasites. Hexacanth larvae from gravid proglottids, as well as cysticercoids developing from these larvae in Tenebrio molitor, possessed only two isozymes. It was inferred from information on tissue concentrations of ADP, ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and on K0.5s and Km that competition between pyruvate kinase and PEP carboxykinase is probably controlled by fructose-1,6-P2 concentrations. Since H. diminuta is an obligatory fermenter in which gluconeogenesis is minimal, the probable function of its L-type pyruvate kinases is to control the specific composition of lactic, acetic and succinic acid mixtures that are excreted at different stages of development.
Knowing the Rational Peasant: The Creation of Rival Incentive Structures in Vietnam

This paper develops a rational model of individual participation in anti-regime activity based on the works of Tullock (1971), Mason (1986) and others, and applies it to the Vietnamese conflicts of the 1945-75 period. Concerns for physical security and expectations of victory by one side or another dominated the peasant 'decision calculus' to the relative exclusion of such factors as ideology and provision of public goods. The critical factor in creating an attractive incentive structure is sound intelligence obtained through local forms of organization and coercion. Until the mid-1960s, the Viet Cong excelled in this regard, but subsequent governmental attention to local organization and deployment of forces narrowed the gap considerably, as did the Tet Offensive decimation of native Viet Cong forces in the South. Also contributing to this outcome were increased Viet Cong demands on the peasantry that made material rewards from supporting the anti-regime effort less appealing. The village emerges as the key unit in overcoming the free-rider problem in revolutionary participation. The apparent success within the village itself of the opposition or regime and behavior of local cadres or officials shaped villagers' perceptions of the credibility and capability of each side to threaten physical security. Villagers' judgment on the balance of terror at any time in turn conditioned their response to the various other incentives offered.
Sheared Zonal Flow ExB Drifts Predicted from Emissive Probes and Measured by Laser-Induced Fluorescence

An electron beam sheet injected into a plasma created regions of oppositely-directed electric fields above and below the sheet. An emissive probe was used to measure the spatial structure of the plasma potential from which the electric field could be deduced. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was used to measure the spatial structure of the ion zonal flow velocity. The ExB velocity flow field predicted from the emissive probe results is compared to the LIF observations.
Performance of International Grain-Marketing Systems: Discussion

In discussing these three papers, it is useful to recognize that while Martin considers performance of the international grain-marketing system, Halow, and Bunker and Cook consider performance of individuals or groups of participants within the system. I will consider the differences in the questions being addressed, some related issues which were not addressed, and implications for further research. Martin's nine explicit criteria embody the traditional economic performance goals of efficiency, equity, and responsiveness. His framework emphasizes the multiplicity of participant interests and objectives that characterize the international grain-marketing system. The other two papers take narrower views of performance, leaving system performance questions to Adam Smith's invisible hand and concentrating on the interests of specific participants. Halow puts increasing exports as a system goal and profit as an individual participant goal. Bunker and Cook look at an increased cooperative export share as a performance criterion. Slope and trend become their performance measures. As agricultural economists move ahead in research in this area, we need to consider performance criteria applicable to both the system and individual participants. We also need to consider the impact of the answer to the question of who will control U.S. agricultural exports and the international grain and oilseed trade. Martin's approach has potential to help answer this question. However, given the emphasis on Martin's paper by the other discussants, some comments on the points made in the other papers are in order. Halow charges that "almost all those who attempt to crash into the grain-exporting field know relatively little about it other than that it looks like a good business." Halow's point is w ll taken. Some who have attempted to enter the international grain trade, and many who purport to analyze it, fail to examine the microeconomic foundations, the functional requirements for export marketing, and the costs and risks involved. As Caves and my work (Newman 1980) have pointed out, these are important considerations influencing industry structure, behavior, and performance. We teach our students that certain domestic
Test of US federal life cycle inventory data interoperability

Abstract Life cycle assessment practitioners must gather data from a variety of sources. For modeling activities in the US, practitioners may wish to use life cycle inventory data from public databases and libraries provided by US government entities. An exercise was conducted to test if a practitioner could gather and use data from existing US federal sources together to build a life cycle assessment model in standard software. As a result, issues were identified that US federal agencies need to overcome in order to provide functionally interoperable life cycle inventory data to the public. These same challenges apply more broadly to using life cycle inventory data from different sources.
Graph-based object-oriented approach for structural and behavioral representation of multimedia data

The management of multimedia information poses special requirements for multimedia information systems. Both representation and retrieval of the complex and multifaceted multimedia data are not easily handled with the flat relational model and require new data models. In the last several years, object-oriented and graph-based data models are actively pursued approaches for handling the multimedia information. In this paper the characteristics of the novel graph-based object-oriented data model are presented. This model represents the structural and behavioral aspects of data that form multimedia information systems. It also provides for handling the continuously changing user requirements and the complexity of the schema and data representation in multimedia information systems using the schema versioning approach and perspective version abstraction.
Losing the battle against fungal infection: suppression of termite immune defenses during mycosis.

Abstract The dampwood termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis is known to generate humoral immune responses to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . However, little is known about how the termite's cellular immune system reacts to fungal infection. To test the effect of conidia exposure on cellular immunity, we quantified the number and types of hemocytes in the hemolymph of naive nymphs and compared their circulating counts with those of nestmates exposed to 0, 2 × 10 3 , 2 × 10 6 or 2 × 10 8 conidia/ml doses. These termites were then bled and their hemocytes counted on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 post-exposure. Our results show, first, that naive Z. angusticollis nymphs have three different blood cell types tentatively identified as granular hemocytes, prohemocytes and plasmatocytes. In these individuals, plasmatocytes were on average 13.5 and 3.3 times more numerous than granular hemocytes and prohemocytes, respectively. Second, a full factorial general linear analysis indicated that hemocyte type, time elapsed since conidia exposure and conidia dosage as well as all their interactions explained 43% of the variability in hemocyte density. The numbers of prohemocytes and particularly plasmatocytes, but not granular hemocytes, appear to be affected by the progression of disease. The decline in hemocyte numbers coincided with the appearance of hyphal bodies and the onset of “sluggish” termite behavior that culminated in the insect's death. Hemocyte counts of infected males and females were affected to the same extent. Hence, M. anisopliae overtakes the cellular immune responses of Z. angusticollis mainly by destroying the host's most abundant hemocyte types.
Coping with Chronic Sorrow

This qualitative study was designed to examine the presence of chronic sorrow in diverse populations of individuals with chronic or life threatening conditions and to identify strategies for coping...
Diastereoselective Solid-Phase Synthesis of Novel Hydantoin- and Isoxazoline-Containing Heterocycles

Exploiting 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and carbanilide cyclization transformations, we have prepared novel spirocyclic isoxazoloimidazolidinedione heterocycles of generalized structures II and III on solid phase starting from Merrifield resin. Cyclopentanoid isoxazoloimidazolidinedione II was obtained with complete diastereoselectivity, and cyclopropanoid isoxazoloimidazolidinedione III was obtained as an ≈2:1 mixture of diastereomers.
Supersolid Behavior in Confined Geometry

We have carried out torsional oscillator and heat capacity measurements on solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ samples grown within a geometry which restricts the helium to thin ($150\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$) cylindrical disks. In contrast with previously reported values from Rittner and Reppy of 20% nonclassical rotational inertia for similar confining dimensions, 0.9% nonclassical rotational inertia (consistent with that found in bulk samples and samples embedded in porous media) was observed in our torsional oscillator cell. In this confined geometry, the heat capacity peak is consistent with that found in bulk solid samples of high crystalline quality.
Implications of Posttraumatic Stress Among Military-Affiliated and Civilian Students

Abstract Objectives: To determine whether posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms are associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences, as well as academic correlates among military-affiliated and civilian students. Participants: The final sample (n = 248) included 78 combat-exposed student service members/veterans, 53 non–combat-exposed student service members/ veterans, 38 ROTC (Reserve Officers’ Training Corps) students, and 79 civilian students. Methods: Self-report data were collected spring 2011 via a Web-based survey measuring PTS, problem drinking, alcohol-related consequences, grade point average, educational self-efficacy, academic amotivation, and persistence. Results: Military students exposed to combat-related trauma reported significantly greater PTS symptoms than other military and civilian groups. PTS symptoms were associated with problem drinking and alcohol-related consequences for all groups, yet unrelated to academic correlates among those exposed to combat-related trauma....
A simple and rapid vortex method for preparing antigen/adjuvant emulsions for immunization.

The sustained release of antigen over a period of time is necessary to stimulate the immune system and generate a high titer of antibody. The use of adjuvants in water-in-oil emulsions has long been the favored method of prolonging the exposure time of antigens to enhance the immune response. Routine methods for preparation of this emulsion are repeated mixing of the materials in a "two-syringe" method that is labor-intensive and unreliable. The method we describe here is to use a common vortex (i.e. Vortex Genie 2, VWR) to prepare water-in-oil antigen/adjuvant emulsions. This method has been routinely used in our laboratory for many years and demonstrates its consistency with reliability for immunization of mice, hamsters, and rats and subsequently generation of hybridomas.
Optimal measurement control

In this paper a class of problems is considered where the observation matrix is a control variable. The cost function contains a quadratic form of the observation matrix in addition to the usual state and control terms. After the optimal plant control and state estimate have been determined, the resultant cost function is minimized with respect to the observation matrix.
I'd rather be rude than ruled: Gender, place and communal politics among south asian communities in dar es salaam

Abstract This article revolves around the stories of four South Asian women in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), all of whom chose to be “rude rather than ruled” by their communities, and selected public places such as temples, community halls, and beaches as arenas for their struggles. The author uses these stories to illustrate how a historically-informed focus on gendered acts of resistance in everyday places can yield crucial insights about the complex workings of power and difference in postcolonial contexts.
Solvated structure analysis of a conformationally restricted analogue of phenylalanine in a dipeptide model by the AM1-SM2 method

Abstract The effects of aqueous solvation on the conformational properties of l - and d -1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic) were studied in a model dipeptide by means of AM1 and AM1-SM2 methods. The analysis of calculations predicts equivalent stability of g(−) and g(+) conformations in aqueous phase.
H-2 Antigen variants in a cultured heterozygous mouse leukemia cell line : IV. Cell-Mediated cytolysis of wild type and variant cells.

H-2 antigen variants, derived from a heterozygous mouse Friend leukemia cell line by selection with anti-H-2 antisera and complement, were tested for susceptibility to cell-mediated cytolysis, using T-lymphocytes directed against individual H-2 antigens. The cytotoxic cells were generated in the BALB and B10 backgrounds by a combination of in vivo and in vitro immunizations. The phenotypes of the variants inferred from the patterns of resistance or susceptibility to CML were consistent with those presumed from earlier assays using antisera. The one exception was the variant cell line which was H-2D(d-) in assays using antisera, but was H-2D(d+) by CML.
Predictors of initiation of hookah tobacco smoking: a one-year prospective study of first-year college women.

Hookah tobacco smoking has become increasingly prevalent among American college students over the past decade. Hookah smoking is associated with poor health outcomes and exposes users to high levels of nicotine, carbon monoxide, and smoke. Research on the correlates of hookah use has begun to emerge, but all studies thus far have been cross-sectional. Little is known about hookah use during the transition to college, psychosocial factors related to hookah smoking, or prospective predictors of hookah initiation and frequency of use. This longitudinal cohort study examined risk and protective factors predicting initiation of hookah tobacco smoking during the first year of college. First-year female college students (N = 483; 64% White) provided data on demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial variables and pre-college hookah use at baseline; they then completed 12 monthly online surveys about their hookah use from September 2009 to August 2010. Among the 343 participants who did not report pre-college use, 79 (23%) initiated hookah tobacco smoking during the year after college entry. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression showed that alcohol use predicted the likelihood of initiating hookah use; impulsivity, social comparison orientation, and marijuana use predicted the frequency of hookah use. These findings suggest that hookah prevention and intervention efforts may need to address other forms of substance use as well as hookah use.
Influence of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on insulin-induced adrenomedullary catecholamine release.

Previous works have indicated that insulin stress activates the serotonin (5-HT) and sympathoadrenal systems in the fasted rat. In addition, recent studies have shown that activation of either the 5-H
SU‐FF‐T‐135: Dosimetric and Delivery Advantages of a New 160‐Leaf MLC

Purpose: To conduct a measurement and treatment planning study on dosimetric and delivery advantages of a new 160 leaf MLC (160MLC, Siemens). Methods and Materials: The uses of 160MLC were compared with a commonly used 58‐leaf MLC (Siemens) and Cerrobend blocks. Radiation leakages and penumbra were measured using films and using a small‐size ionization chamber. A treatment planning system (Xio, CMS) was used to generate (1) isodose distributions for a series of single circular and square fields defined by the MLCs or blocks, and (2) 3DCRT plans for a pituitary adenoma case with a small target volume and closely adjacent organs at risks. Static IMRT plans for a variety of prostate and head and neck cases using Xio and another planning system (Panther, Prowess) were generated and delivered. Results: The 160MLC has lower radiation leakage (0.5% for 160MLC vs. 2% for 58MLC) and narrower penumbra (5–6 mm for 160MLC vs. 9–14 mm for 58MLC calculated between 80/20% isodose lines for a 10×10cm2 field with various MLC rotations), and slightly wider penumbra (within 1 mm) than the blocks. The dose conformity between using 160MLC and blocks determined for a series of circular fields is similar, and higher than that 58MLC. The 3DCRT plans for 160MLC and blocks are comparable and more conformal than that for 58MLC as assessed by DVH parameters. The use of 160MLC reduces the numbers of segments and MU by 13% versus the 58MLC. The average delivery time for the Prowess IMRT plans with 160MLC was 5 minutes. Conclusion: The 160MLC offers several dosimetric and delivery advantages including low leakage, narrow penumbra, conformal dose distributions similar to divergent blocks, reduced numbers of IMRT segments and MU, and reduced IMRT delivery time. These advantages lead to reduced normal tissue doses, without need of Cerrobend blocks, and improved treatment delivery.
Spatial Distribution of Total Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc in the Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Along the Upper St. Lawrence River

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) was utilized to assess the spatial distribution of three trace metals, cadmium, copper, and zinc, in the upper St. Lawrence River and to test the hypothesis that outflow from Lake Ontario influenced levels of these metals in near-shore biota. Zebra mussels, collected from twelve sites along the southern shore, were analyzed for total cadmium, copper, and zinc in their soft tissues. Total cadmium and copper concentrations were elevated at all sites compared to relatively uncontaminated waters and were highest at sites near the outflow of Lake Ontario and an industrial area farthest downstream. Total zinc concentrations approached levels found at uncontaminated sites. Concentrations were rarely related to animal size at any site. However, body burdens (metal content per individual) showed strong positive relationships with size. To facilitate comparisons among sites, body burdens were calculated for standard length (2.0 cm) mussels. Highest body burdens occurred at the outflow of the lake and at one relatively uncontaminated site downstream. Lowest body burdens occurred at sites in the industrial area, although concentrations in the tissues were high. Expected total cadmium concentrations in tissues were estimated using a bio-energetic based kinetic model. Observed cadmium concentrations were lower than predicted, suggesting that near-shore areas may comprise significant depositional areas subject to enrichment with contaminants carried in the outflow from Lake Ontario. Long-term studies of inter-annual variability in metal concentrations, metal burdens, and growth rates should enhance the usefulness of D. polymorpha as a biomonitor and help in understanding the fate of trace metals in the upper St. Lawrence River.
Dense medium plasma environments: a new approach for the disinfection of water.

The levels to which microbial colony forming units are permitted in various waters fit for human contact are carefully regulated. Conventional chemical and physical approaches usually are complex processes with significant limitations due to the generation of toxic side-products. In this contribution a novel plasma reactor--dense medium plasma reactor--is described, and its efficiency for the disinfection of contaminated water is discussed. It has been shown that owing to the intense stirring of the reaction medium (e.g. contaminated water), as a result of the specially designed spinning electrode and gas-flow system, a volume-character discharge is created, which can efficiently kill bacteria. It has been demonstrated that treatment times as low as 20 s are enough for the total inactivation of microorganisms for 200 mL of 10(5) bacteria/mL contaminated water.
Use of sympathomimetic amines in heart failure

Abstract Sympathomimetic amines that increase cardiac output and decrease total peripheral resistance may be useful in the treatment of certain patients with congestive heart failure. The pharmacologic actions of three such amines, epinephrine, isoproterenol and dopamine, are presented and clinical experience obtained with these amines is reviewed. The myocardial actions of sympathomimetic amines are compared with those produced by digitalis. On the basis of present information, the development of a more ideal sympathomimetic amine for the treatment of congestive heart failure appears to be feasible.
Demonstrating programming language feature mining using Boa

Programming language researchers often study real-world projects to see how language features have been adopted and are being used. Typically researchers choose a small number of projects to study, due to the immense challenges associated with finding, downloading, storing, processing, and querying large amounts of data. The Boa programming language and infrastructure was designed to solve these challenges and allow researchers to focus on simply asking the right questions. Boa provides a domain-specific language to abstract details of how to mine hundreds of thousands of projects and also abstracts how to efficiently query that data. We have previously used this platform to perform a large study of the adoption of Java's language features over time. In this demonstration, we will show you how we used Boa to quickly analyze billions of AST nodes and study the adoption of Java's language features.
Role playing: a feminist-geopolitical analysis of the everyday workings of the Mexican state

Participatory methods are increasingly important to geographical research of ‘the everyday,’ yet their viability as a means to understand on-the-ground geopolitical processes has been less explored. This article contributes to the growing body of literature on participatory research in geography and feminist geopolitics by arguing for the use of a specific participatory tool – role play. We present an example of our employment of the technique in a case study on using the method during research with Central American immigrants living in the Mexico–Guatemala border city of Tapachula, Mexico. In doing so, we provide an in-depth examination of the implementation of role play, demonstrating its usefulness in revealing immigrant women's daily experiences with low- to mid-level state actors as they seek to avail themselves of their rights. We conclude that role play is particularly well suited to revealing these experiences due to its encouragement of creativity, embodiment through performance and facilitation ...
One-Piece Contact Lens for Laser Iridotomy at Iris Base by Argon and Nd:YAG Laser

Laser iridotomies at the base of the iris provide a free shunt between the anterior and the posterior chamber remote from the capsule of the lens. Injury to the lens capsule by the Nd:YAG laser is avoided as the iris is not in close apposition. The heterocentric applanatic lens guides the laser beam under the limbal shelf toward the root of the iris. The combined use of a thermal and an ionizing laser is preferred.
Technical‐Professional Unemployment: Middle‐class Adaptability to Personal Crisis*

Previous research generally indicates that unemployment is damaging to self-esteem and morale with attendant economic deprivations. Research among the middle-class unemployed is quite rare and is i...
A hypothesis linking intracellular sodium, membrane receptors, and hypertension.

Studies in clinical and experimental hypertension have identified alterations both in intracellular [Na+] and in response to hormones and neurotransmitters. We propose a hypothesis that links these two alterations. Based on recent data showing that changes in intracellular [Na+] can alter the affinity and function of platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptors, we hypothesize that elevated intracellular [Na+] in hypertension leads to enhanced response at membrane receptors. This enhancement in response to hormones and/or neurotransmitters could then contribute to the development and maintenance of the hypertensive state. Because a variety of membrane receptors are Na+-sensitive (e.g., adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic, opiate, angiotensin, dopamine, histamine H1), this mechanism may be operative at one or more receptor types located in tissues critical to the pathophysiology of hypertension.
Sustainable telemarketing? A new theory of consumer behavior

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose that consumer goodwill can best be understood as a limited, but potentially renewable resource. Like a renewable natural resource, consumer goodwill can be over‐exploited. A review of the rise and rapid fall of the business‐to‐consumer (b‐to‐c) telemarketing industry in the USA provides evidence that over‐exploitation of consumer goodwill is precisely what happened. Using telemarketing as a case study, the paper aims to argue that direct marketing practices ought to be managed in accordance with principles of sustainability. If they are not, the consequences may be sudden and near‐permanent declines in consumer responsiveness.Design/methodology/approach – The paper interprets the rise and rapid fall of b‐to‐c telemarketing in the USA through the theoretical framework of sustainability. The rise of telemarketing began in the early 1990s with the adoption of predictive dialer technology. Its demise can be marked by the passage of the Federal Do Not Call Regi...
Reactions of an incompletely-condensed silsesquioxane with Ph3PCH2: a new procedure for derivatizing silsesquioxanes with important implications for the chemistry of silica surfaces

Abstract The reaction of [(c-C 6 H 11 ) 7 Si 7 O 9 (OH) 3 ] ( 1 ) with Ph 3 PCH 2 (one equivalent) occurs rapidly upon mixing to afford the [Ph 3 PMe] + salt of [(c-C 6 H 11 ) 7 Si 7 O 10 (OH) 2 ] − ( 2 ). Assignment of ( 2 ) as an ion pair, rather than a five-coordinate adduct of phosphorus, was based on compelling multinuclear NMR data. UV-vis studies indicate that trisilanol ( 1 ) is completely deprotonated by one equivalent of Ph 3 PCH 2 and that further deprotonation does not occur. Strong hydrogen bonding appears to stabilize ( 2 ) and allow its use as a versatile monoanionic equivalent of (1). The reactions of ( 2 ) with chlorosilanes (e.g. PhMe(Vinyl)SiCl, PhMe 2 SiCl and Ph 3 SiCl) result in the immediate formation of [Ph 3 PMe]Cl and afford the monosilylated derivatives of ( 1 ) in virtually quantitative yields. Aspects of this work relating to the chemistry of silica surfaces are discussed.
Role of vasoconstrictor mechanisms in the control of left ventricular performance of the normal and damaged heart

The effect on the left ventricle of changes in the state of the arterial vasculature is best identified by utilizing calculations of pulsatile rather than steady flow phenomena. Impedance is the most satisfactory term to describe this effect. The normal ventricle compensates for changes in impedance largely by changes in preload, but the damaged heart loses this compensatory ability and its stroke volume becomes inversely related to outflow resistance. Patients with heart failure behave in a similar fashion and pharmacologic vasodilation may induce marked improvement in left ventricular pump function. Inappropriate vasoconstriction in heart failure may result from stimulation of the sympathetic or renin-angiotensin system. Early experience with converting enzyme inhibitors suggests that blockade of the formation of angiotensin II may be a useful means of treating some patients with heart failure.
Resistance in the potato cv. Highlat Russet to the golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis

A review of the description of the potato cultivar Highlat Russet indicated sources of resistance to the golden nematode,Globodera rostochiensis, in its pedigree. In routine resistance evaluations in 1980, accession 34-2AK, that was later released as cv. Highlat Russet, was rated resistant to the golden nematode. In 1986, evaluation of Highlat Russet confirmed its excellent resistance to the golden nematode.
Determinants of Perceived Family Support and Conflict: Life-Course Variations among the Physically Disabled:

This study assesses variations in the levels and determinants of family support and family conflict in three age groups of non-institutionalized physically disabled individuals (18–49; 50–64; 65+). Analyses are based on a representative sample of 730 physically disabled adults from ten countries of southwestern Ontario, Canada. Results indicate life-course related differences in the levels of both family support and family conflict, with the oldest group perceiving the greatest support and the least conflict from family members. While level of disability was not significantly related to perceived family support, findings indicate that individuals with greater functional limitations experience less frequent negative or conflictive interactions with family. A number of additional socio-demographic and psycho-social factors were also associated with perceived family support and conflict. However, the determinants of support and conflict were not equivalent and varied considerably by age group. In general, th...
Second generation single-chain cleaveable surfactants

Abstract Surfactants 1 were prepared and characterized. They represent the first examples of a new type of cleaveable surfactant that can be converted into another surfactant, with a higher critical micelle concentration, and a neutral, water-soluble compound.
Abstract 1237: Mechanisms of Vernonia amygdalina-induced apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death of women between 40 and 55 years of age and is the second overall cause of death of women. Fortunately, the mortality rate from BC has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments. Despite early detection and conventional methods of treatment, about 7% of women diagnosed with BC still die every year. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents are needed to improve the clinical outcome of this disease. The development of new drugs from natural products is considered important. Previous studies from our laboratory show that a novel natural product, extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf exerts DNA-damaging anticancer activities against BC. Therefore, the central goal of this research was to determine the therapeutic mechanisms of VA leaf extracts in breast cancer cells. To achieve this goal, cell viability, live and death cells were determined by the means of the MTT assay, trypan blue test, and propidium iodine assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization (Annexin V assay) and caspase 3 activity, and by DNA laddering assay. Data obtained from the MTT assay indicated that VA significantly reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells a dose-dependent response. On one hand, the Trypan blue dye exclusion test demonstrated the integrity of the membrane of untreated cells in culture. On the other hand, the trypan blue dye exclusion test demonstrated a loss of viability in VA-treated cells due to membrane damage. The result of the propidium iodine demonstrated a significant (p Citation Format: Clement G. Yedjou, Paul Tchounwou. Mechanisms of Vernonia amygdalina-induced apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1237. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1237
Urinary NMP22 and renal cell carcinoma

Objectives. To demonstrate the incidence of positive urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) values associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the kidney. Currently, urinary NMP22 is used to detect recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Methods. From May 1997 to March 1998, urinary NMP22 values were obtained from 65 patients who had undergone either computed tomography scanning of the abdomen or renal ultrasound. Of the 65, 32 presented with solid renal masses. These patients underwent radical or partial nephrectomy; subsequent pathologic examination revealed that 30 had RCC. Two patients had oncocytomas. The remaining 33 patients presented with blunt abdominal trauma or abdominal pain or for follow-up for a urologic problem (a kidney stone or benign renal cyst). These patients had no evidence of renal malignancy on imaging and were used as controls. Results. The urinary NMP22 values of patients with RCC were significantly higher than the values found in the control group (13.69 ± 8.40 U/mL versus 3.03 ± 2.70 U/mL, P <0.0078). Of the 30 patients with RCC, 12 (40%) had positive urinary NMP22 values of 10 U/mL or above. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference between the NMP22 values of the two groups (P <0.005). There were two false-positive NMP22 values in the 35 control patients. Conclusions. Urinary NMP22 values used to detect transitional cell carcinoma in individuals with previously diagnosed bladder cancer should be more broadly evaluated, since elevations have also been found to occur in RCC of the kidney. This finding may result in an increase in the incidental discovery of RCC. Future, more specific, NMP assays may hold promise for the detection of RCC.
Rapidity and pt dependence of identified-particle elliptic flow at RHIC

Elliptic flow has been measured by the BRAHMS experiment as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity for the Au+Au reaction at √SNN = 200 GeV. Identified-particle υ 2 (η, P t ) values were obtained with the two BRAHMS spectrometers at pseudorapidities η ≈ 0, 1 and 3.4. The results show that the differential υ 2 (η, P t ) values for a given particle type are essentially constant over the covered pseudorapidity range. It is suggested that the dominant cause of the observed fall-off of the integral υ 2 values going away from mid-rapidity is a corresponding softening of the particle spectra.
Why are continuous-time signals and systems courses so difficult? How can we make them more accessible?

The introductory continuous-time signals and systems (CTSS) course is widely considered one of the most difficult courses in electrical and computer engineering (ECE) curricula. This workshop is an interactive discussion about sources of difficulty and what can be done to help improve student learning and understanding. In the first part of the workshop, discussion will be sparked and encouraged through presentation of historical data and directed questions. The goal will be to advance a continually developing understanding of the problem. In the second part of the workshop, attendees will learn about hands-on activities that are being done at Bucknell and Rose-Hulman to help address what the authors think some of the issues are. Attendees will have an opportunity to attempt some of these activities, use the technology to develop their own activity, and review the activities with regard to the previous discussion about learning difficulties. Each attendee is highly encouraged to bring a laptop and will receive a USB memory stick with the software, lesson plans, materials, and background literature that support this workshop.
Solving the resource constrained project scheduling problem with optimization subroutine library

In this paper we present three new models for the resource constrained project scheduling problem, using two objective functions: minimizing the makespan and maximizing the net present value of the cash flows of the activities. In these models, compared to the models in the literature, we relax one of the most constraining assumptions about the integrality of the activity durations and the project time line. Furthermore resources are assumed to be partially-renewable. These models have multiple uses in Operations Management in that they can be used to solve resource constrained MRP problems. The models are found to be amenable to solution using the Optimization Subroutine Library (OSL). Extensive computational experiments with OSL on a total of 1400 problems with different parameter settings are reported. Detailed analysis is done to determine the factors that affect the computational efficiency of the code and the models. In general, results demonstrate that OSL is a powerful tool for solving the models with either objective function. Optimal solutions are obtained with reasonable computational effort. A discussion of the application of several special features of OSL is also given.
Instance‐based Learning: A General Model of Repeated Binary Choice

A common practice in cognitive modeling is to develop new models specific to each particular task. We question this approach and draw on an existing theory, instance-based learning theory (IBLT), to explain learning behavior in three different choice tasks. The same instance-based learning model generalizes accurately to choices in a repeated binary choice task, in a probability learning task, and in a repeated binary choice task within a changing environment. We assert that, although the three tasks are different, the source of learning is equivalent and therefore, the cognitive process elicited should be captured by one single model. This evidence supports previous findings that instance-based learning is a robust learning process that is triggered in a wide range of tasks from the simple repeated choice tasks to the most dynamic decision making tasks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.