cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scale and Nature of Sulcification Patterns

Sulci are surface folds commonly seen in strained soft elastomers and form via a strongly subcritical, yet scale-free, instability. Treating the threshold for nonlinear instability as a nonlinear critical point, we explain the nature of sulcus patterns in terms of the scale and translation symmetries which are broken by the formation of an isolated, small sulcus. Our perturbative theory and simulations show that sulcus formation in a thick, compressed slab can arise either as a supercritical or as a weakly subcritical bifurcation relative to this nonlinear critical point, depending on the boundary conditions. An infinite number of competing, equilibrium patterns simultaneously emerge at this critical point, but the one selected has the lowest energy. We give a simple, physical explanation for the formation of these sulcification patterns using an analogy to a solid-solid phase transition with a finite energy of transformation.
Influence of synthesis chemistry on alumina-zirconia powder characteristics

80Al2O3 · 20ZrO2 (wt%) powders were synthesized by three different chemical processes: (1) chemical polymerization, (2) destabilization of mixed sols, and (3) coprecipitation. The elementary particles produced by each of these processes were of the order of 1.5 to 3.0 nm and were amorphous to electron diffraction. The powders woe evaluated in terms of (a) weight loss (thermal gravimetric analysis, TGA) and thermal (differential thermal analysis, DTA) characteristics, (b) surface area (BET), pore size distribution, and density at different temperatures; and (c) the crystallization behaviour (XRD method) which showed that the physiochemical characteristics and crystallization behaviour of these chemically derived powders are significantly influenced by the chemistry of powder synthesis. Moreover, the powders produced by the chemical polymerization and the colloidal processes retained the tetragonal phase of zirconia completely during cooling from 1600° C, but significant transformation of tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia occurred in the coprecipitated powder under identical conditions. Furthermore, the 1550° C co!cined powder derived by the chemical polymerization process retained a substantial amount of tetragonal zirconia after annealing at 1000° C for 72h. The average alumina and zirconia crystal sizes of the calcined powders, calculated by the Scherrer formula, were in the 20 to 80 nm range.
Modeling the Water and Energy Balance of Vegetated Areas with Snow Accumulation

The ability to quantify soil–atmosphere water and energy exchange is important in understanding agricultural and natural ecosystems, as well as the earth9s climate. We developed a one-dimensional vertical model that calculates solar radiation, canopy energy balance, surface energy balance, snowpack dynamics, soil water flow, and snow–soil–bedrock heat exchange, including soil water freezing. The processes are loosely coupled (solved sequentially) to limit the computational burden. The model was applied to describe water and energy dynamics for a northeast-facing mountain slope in the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed near Boise, ID. Calibration was achieved by optimizing the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity. Validation results showed that the model can successfully calculate seasonal dynamics in snow height, soil water content, and soil temperature. Both the calibration and validation years confirmed earlier results that evapotranspiration on the northeast-facing slope consumes approximately 60% of yearly precipitation, while deep percolation from the soil profile constitutes about 40% of yearly precipitation.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Efficacy of Esmolol

Esmolol is a unique cardioselective β1-receptor blocking agent with a rapid onset and short duration of action. Since our previous review in 1995, the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of esmolol have been investigated in a number of acute care settings. Three studies investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of esmolol in the paediatric population. The disposition of esmolol in children was found to be linear with plasma concentrations increasing in proportion to dose over the ranges studied. The pharmacokinetic estimates for esmolol showed a shorter elimination half-life (t1/2) [2.7–4.8 minutes] and a higher clearance (281 mL/kg/min) in newborns and infants than that found in children (>2 years old) and adults. Dosing requirements to achieve targeted blood pressure in post-coarctectomy patients were substantially higher (mean 700 μg/kg/min) than that used in adults. Esmolol was effective in controlling hypertension following cardiac surgery and terminating supraventricular arrhythmias in children.
Implementation of automated reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate among Veterans Affairs laboratories: a retrospective study

Background: Automated reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a recent advance in laboratory information technology (IT) that generates a measure of kidney function with chemistry laboratory results to aid early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because accurate diagnosis of CKD is critical to optimal medical decision-making, several clinical practice guidelines have recommended the use of automated eGFR reporting. Since its introduction, automated eGFR reporting has not been uniformly implemented by U. S. laboratories despite the growing prevalence of CKD. CKD is highly prevalent within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), and implementation of automated eGFR reporting within this integrated healthcare system has the potential to improve care. In July 2004, the VHA adopted automated eGFR reporting through a system-wide mandate for software implementation by individual VHA laboratories. This study examines the timing of software implementation by individual VHA laboratories and factors associated with implementation. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of laboratories in VHA facilities from July 2004 to September 2009. Using laboratory data, we identified the status of implementation of automated eGFR reporting for each facility and the time to actual implementation from the date the VHA adopted its policy for automated eGFR reporting. Using survey and administrative data, we assessed facility organizational characteristics associated with implementation of automated eGFR reporting via bivariate analyses. Results: Of 104 VHA laboratories, 88% implemented automated eGFR reporting in existing laboratory IT systems by the end of the study period. Time to initial implementation ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 years with a median of 1.8 years. All VHA facilities with on-site dialysis units implemented the eGFR software (52%, p<0.001). Other organizational characteristics were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The VHA did not have uniform implementation of automated eGFR reporting across its facilities. Facility-level organizational characteristics were not associated with implementation, and this suggests that decisions for implementation of this software are not related to facility-level quality improvement measures. Additional studies on implementation of laboratory IT, such as automated eGFR reporting, could identify factors that are related to more timely implementation and lead to better healthcare delivery.
Using formal models to objectively judge quality of multi-threaded programs in empirical studies

Empirical studies are important for understanding how well current design methods and notations support development of multi-threaded programs. Unfortunately, concurrency exacerbates an already difficult problem in drawing conclusions from such studies: How to objectively measure the quality of candidate solutions produced by participants in the studies. This paper explores the use of formal modeling and analysis for this purpose. We describe initial findings of a small pilot study to determine if we can objectively differentiate sample candidate solutions with respect to their use of synchronization primitives. To do so, we faithfully model these candidate solutions and various synchronization-related properties in the Finite State Processes (FSP) notation and use the Labeled Transition System Analyzer (LTSA) to analyze the solution models against the properties.
Electron−Phonon Coupling in CdSe Nanocrystals

The coupling between nuclear vibrations and electronic excitations (electron−phonon coupling) in semiconductor nanocrystals influences many photophysical processes in these materials. While electron−phonon coupling in CdSe nanocrystals has been studied both experimentally and theoretically for more than 20 years, there remains little agreement about its magnitude and size dependence. This Perspective summarizes key literature results, suggests reasons for their disagreement, and proposes approaches to better determine this important quantity.
Kinetic study of the reaction of Fe(a5DJ) with N2O from 398 to 720 K

Abstract The gas phase reactivity of Fe(a 5DJ) with N2O in the temperature range 398–620 K is reported. Iron atoms were produced by the photodissociation of ferrocene and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The reaction rates of the a 5DJ states are very slow and temperature dependent. The bimolecular rate constant is described in Arrhenius form by (1.41 ± 0.29) × 10−10 exp(−44.4 ± 1.0 kJ/mol/RT) cm3 s−1 where the uncertainties are ±2σ. The disappearance rates in the presence of N2O are independent of buffer gas identity (Ar or N2) and total pressure. The removal rate constants for the a 5DJ states are independent of J.
Characterization of a Fast Cycling ADP-ribosylation Factor 6 Mutant

Studies of GTPase function often employ expression of dominant negative or constitutively active mutants. Dominant negative mutants cannot bind GTP and thus cannot be activated. Constitutively active mutants cannot hydrolyze GTP and therefore accumulate a large pool of GTP-bound GTPase. These mutations block the normal cycle of GTP binding, hydrolysis, and release. Therefore, although the GTPase-deficient mutants are in the active conformation, they do not fully imitate all the actions of the GTPase. This is particularly true for the ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), GTPases that regulate vesicular trafficking events. In Ras and Rho GTPases replacement of phenylalanine 28 with a leucine residue produces a "fast cycling" mutant that can undergo spontaneous GTP-GDP exchange and retains the ability to hydrolyze GTP. Unfortunately this phenylalanine residue is not conserved in the ARF family of GTPases. Here we report the design and characterization of a novel activated mutant of ARF6, ARF6 T157A. In vitro studies show that ARF6 T157A can spontaneously bind and release GTP more quickly than the wild-type protein suggesting that it is a fast cycling mutant. This mutant has enhanced activity in vivo and induces cortical actin rearrangements in HeLa cells and enhanced motility in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
Analysis of hot springs and associated deposits in Yellowstone National Park using ASTER and AVIRIS remote sensing

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the Airborne Visible/IR Image Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were used to characterize hot spring deposits in the Lower, Midway, and Upper Geyser Basins of Yellowstone National Park from the visible/near infrared (VNIR) to thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths. Field observations of these basins provided the critical ground-truth for comparison with the remote sensing results. Fourteen study sites were selected based on diversity in size, deposit type, and thermal activity. Field work included detailed site surveys such as land cover analysis, photography, Global Positioning System (GPS) data collection, radiometric analysis, and VNIR spectroscopy. Samples of hot spring deposits, geyser deposits, and soil were also collected. Analysis of ASTER data provided broad scale characteristics of the hot springs and their deposits, including the identification of thermal anomalies. AVIRIS high spectral resolution short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy provided the ability to detect hydrothermally altered minerals as well as a calibration for the multispectral SWIR ASTER data. From the image analysis, differences in these basins were identified including the extent of thermal alteration, the location and abundance of alteration minerals, and a comparison of active, near-extinct, and extinct geysers. We determined the activity level of each region using a combination of the VNIR-SWIR-TIR spectral differences as well as the presence of elevated temperatures, detected by the TIR subsystem of ASTER. The results of this study are applicable to the exploration of extinct mineralized hydrothermal deposits on both Earth and Mars.
Analytic modelling of disk I/O subsystems: A tutorial

This is a summary of a tutorial presented during the conference discussing a number of approaches to representing disk I/O subsystems in analytic models of computer systems.As in any analytic modelling study, the fundamental objective in considering an I/O subsystem is to determine which devices should be represented in the model, and what their loadings should be. The device loadings represent the service required by jobs, and are the basic parameters needed by the computational algorithm which calculates performance measures for the model. To set these parameters, knowledge of service times at the various devices in the I/O subsystem is required.The tutorial begins by distinguishing analytic modelling from alternative approaches, by identifying the parameter values that are required for an analytic modelling study, and by explaining the role of the computational algorithm that is employed (Denning & Buzen [1978] provide a good, although lengthy, summary).We then consider a sequence of models of increasingly complex I/O subsystems.Next we discuss I/O subsystems with rotational position sensing.We then discuss approaches to modelling shared DASD, emphasizing hierarchical techniques in which highlevel models of each system can be analyzed in isolation. We also mention recent techniques for modelling complex I/O subsystems involving multipathing.Finally, we discuss the analysis of I/O subsystems based on broadcast channels such as Ethernet.
N,N-Dimethyladriamycin for Treatment of Experimental Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Efficacy and Toxicity on the Rabbit Retina

Abstract N,N-Dimethyladriamycin (Me-2-ADM) derives from adriamycin (doxorubicin) by N-methylation of its aminosugar moiety. In contrast to the parent agent, Me-2-ADM lacks mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. To evaluate its suitability for treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), we studied the ability of Me-2-ADM to prevent traction retinal detachment in a model of PVR in rabbits. The model was created by intravitreal injection of 25 000 homologous dermal fibroblasts after vitreous gas compression. Two days after fibroblast injection, 5, 10 or 30 nmol Me-2-ADM was administered into the vitreous cavity. The control group received sham injections. All control eyes developed traction retinal detachments. Administration of 5 nmol Me-2-ADM slightly reduced the rate of retinal detachments to 90%. No retinal detachments occurred in the group treated with 10 nmol Me-2-ADM while 11% of eyes treated with 30 nmol Me-2-ADM developed retinal detachments. At day 28 of the study, light microscopic examination of retinas treated with 30 nmol Me-2-ADM revealed severe retinal damage while no such damage was present in eyes treated with 10 nmol. To exclude early retinal damage, 10 nmol Me-2-ADM were injected into eyes that had undergone vitreous gas compression but no fibroblast injection. On day 3, 7, and 14 after drug administration, ERGs were recorded simultaneously from drug treated and sham treated (contralateral) eyes. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed. Only transient ERG changes were observed at day 7, which recovered by day 14. All morphological findings in drug exposed eyes were in the range of normal when compared with controls. Our results suggest that Me-2-ADM is less toxic that adriamycin and therefore could be considered for prophylaxis of human PVR.
Enhanced selectivity in determining elemental composition: Concerted precise mass and isotope pattern moment analysis

A systematic procedure for establishing elemental composition from a concerted high-resolution precise mass analysis of the monoisotopic molecular ion and a low-resolution moment analysis of its isotope pattern is described. The combined method is more selective than a precise mass analysis alone. Factors affecting the enhancement in selectivity and some instrumental factors are discussed.
Importance of Egg Size and Other Factors in Determining Net Income in Random Sample Tests

Abstract OF CONCERN to breeders of egg laying strains of chickens is the relative importance of various production characteristics which determine profitability of the strain. Hence, it is desirable to know how important egg size, body size, mortality and rate of egg production are relative to the extent that these factors determine differences in profitability of a strain. The answer to this question is complicated in two ways. The first is that one of the important traits, body weight, influences profitability in both a plus and a minus direction. The heavier the bird the greater is its meat value, yet at the same time the higher will be feed costs for body maintenance. The second complication is that economically important traits may be differentially correlated on a phenotypic and a genetic level. Thus, body size and egg size are generally recognized to be positively correlated both phenotypically and genetically, while these …
Neuronal responses to amino acid lontophoresis in the deafferented spinal trigeminal nucleus

Abstract Facial paresthesias or anesthesia dolorosa occurring after retrogasserian trigeminal rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia have been attributed to neuronal hyperactivity in the deafferented spinal trigeminal complex. To gain insight into the mechanism of the deafferentation hyperactivity, the responses of spinal trigeminal neurons to amino acid iontophoresis via multibarrel micropipets were studied in 20 cats 2 to 4 weeks after unilateral retrogasserian trigeminal rhizotomy. A population of spontaneously hyperactive neurons (type 2) had markedly decreased sensitivity to the exogenous amino acid transmitters. Amino acid hyposensitivity was nonspecific for both excitatory and inhibitory agents, except in a small subgroup (type 2B) which was selectively hyposensitive to γ-aminobutyric acid. Some type 2 neurons were identified as trigeminothalamic projection neurons. Silent (type 1) neurons had normal responses to amino acids compared to those of controls. Endogenous corticofugal inhibition remained intact for all neuronal groups in the deafferented nucleus. The data do not support Cannon's law of denervation hypersensitivity as the mechanism of postrhizotomy hyperactivity, but seem more consistent with transneuronal atrophy in the deafferented spinal trigeminal nucleus.
Wound-rotor induction machine model with saturation and high-frequency effects

This paper sets forth a novel model of a wound-rotor induction machine, which incorporates magnetic saturation of the main flux path and high-frequency effects. The model's experimental parameterization procedure is described in detail. This consists of standstill frequency response tests, and a test for determining the machine's magnetizing characteristic and turns ratio. Time-domain simulations are used to highlight the capabilities of the proposed model, and to compare its predictions with those of a classical model at both transient and steady states.
The effect of costal cartilage resection on chest wall development

The surgical repair of anterior chest malformations such as pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum frequently includes resection of the costal cartilages. Although this operation corrects the external deformity, we have observed that subsequent growth of the chest seems to be restricted, particularly in its anteroposterior (AP) diameter. This study examined the effect of removal of costal cartilage at an early age on chest wall development. Four groups of young rabbits were included: group I underwent complete subperichondrial resection of the costal cartilages excluding the 1st cartilage; group II underwent resection of the internal three-fourths of the costal cartilages; group III underwent complete resection of the costal cartilages with the additional placement of a metallic strut behind the lower half of the body of the sternum; group IV served as a control. Each group included 10 animals. Chest growth was evaluated monthly in all animals. A striking chest growth deficit, mainly in AP diameter, was noticed in those animals that underwent total and partial cartilage resection with or without placement of a metal strut. These results suggest that the costal cartilages play an important role in chest growth. It appears necessary to develop alternative techniques that avoid the removal of costal cartilages and to re-evaluate the optimal age for repair of these malformations.
A rapid, quantitative bioassay for detecting phytotoxic gases using stress-ethylene

Abstract A simple bioassay for detecting phytotoxic air pollutants has been developed. Wheat (rniticum aestivum L.) seedlings growing on agar medium in test-tubes are exposed to pollutants for 2 h. Stress-ethylene produced by the seedlings during exposure to the pollutants is collected in the test-tube and quantitatively measured by gas chromatography.
Publishing Research in the JEE

Based on several years of editing papers for the Research Section of the Journal of Economic Education, four suggestions are made for increasing the likelihood that a submitted manuscript is accepted for publication. The primary theme is that the hypotheses investigated should be based on economic theory developed in the manuscript, and researchers should carefully plan the research design and data collection before conducting the quasi-experiments common in the economic education literature. Specific examples are given for each suggestion.
Primary closure of complicated perineal wounds with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps after proctectomy for Crohn's disease.

Abstract Background. The purpose of this study is to detail the use of advanced tissue transfer techniques to achieve primary closure of the perineal wound after proctectomy for Crohn's disease. Methods. Between October 1984 and March 2000, we performed proctectomy with permanent intestinal stoma in 97 patients with Crohn's disease. Twelve of these patients (12.4%) required at least 1 myocutaneous flap to achieve primary closure of the perineal wound. Details of each patient's perioperative course were recorded prospectively. Results. All 12 patients had fistulizing perineal Crohn's disease combined with Crohn's proctitis. Two patients had a simultaneous anal adenocarcinoma. Indications for flap closure included management of large perineal skin defects (n = 11), reconstruction of the posterior vaginal wall (n = 2), and the need to fill a large pelvic dead space (n = 3). (Three patients had a combination of the previous indications). In total, 6 rectus abdominis, 5 gluteus maximus, 1 posterior thigh, 3 chimeric posterior thigh, and 1 latissimus dorsi flaps were performed. Six patients required more than 1 flap. Three patients had complications develop related to the flaps (2 wound hematomas and 1 seroma). Complete perineal healing was achieved in all patients. Conclusions. Complex tissue flap closure of the perineal wound after proctectomy for perineal complications of Crohn's disease should be considered when simple closure is not possible or when reconstruction of the posterior wall of the vagina is necessary. (Surgery 2001;130:767-73.)
Microaggregate formation in whole blood exposed to shear stress

Abstract Microaggregate size distributions were measured in fresh blood sheared in a rotational viscometer at 37°. The number, N A , and the total volume, V A , of aggregate particles 13–101 μm in diameter increased with shear stress at exposures of 0–300 dynes/cm 2 for 5 min. The mean size per aggregate, V A N A , decreased with shear stress so that V A also decreased at shear stresses greater than 450 dynes/cm 2 maintained for 10 min. Aggregability to 0.2–2.0 μ M ADP was progressively inhibited after exposure to increasing shear stress. The volume of platelet microaggregates may be increased substantially by the involvement of leukocytes.
Anomalous dispersion enhanced Cerenkov phase-matching

We report on a scheme for phase-matching second harmonic generation in polymer waveguides based on the use of anomalous dispersion to optimize Cerenkov phase matching. We have used the theoretical results of Hashizume et al. and Onda and Ito to design an optimum structure for phase-matched conversion. We have found that the use of anomalous dispersion in the design results in a 100-fold enhancement in the calculated conversion efficiency. This technique also overcomes the limitation of anomalous dispersion phase- matching which results from absorption at the second harmonic. Experiments are in progress to demonstrate these results.
A strong-coupling expansion for fermion field theories and the large-N limit of the gross-neveu model

Abstract An expansion in the fermion propagator is formulated for the N -species Gross-Neveu model in the large- N limit. Different regularisation schemes may be adopted and we compare two. We find that a continuum momentum cut-off is easiest to work with and automatically avoids spurious fermionic states which afflict a naive lattice formulation. Chiral symmetry is broken at zeroth order and the resulting expansion is inverse powers of g 2 N simplifies considerably for large N . In this limit the strong-coupling expansion may be summed to all orders. Extrapolation techniques, like Pade approximants, are not needed. Using a momentum cut-off we recover all the exact results previously derived by summing weak-coupling expansions.
Complex dynamics of the limit periodic system F n z =F n-1 f n z , f n → f

Abstract The sequence { F n ( z )} is one kind of generalization of limit periodic continued fractions. The convergence/divergence of { F n ( z )} relative to that of the iterative sequence { F n ( z )} is determined when ⨍ n →⨍ uniformly on a domain S . When ⨍ maps the closure of S into S , F n ( z )→ λ for all zϵS . If ⨍ n → ⨍ rapidly on S , the sequence {F n } uniformly shadows {⨍ n }(|F n (z)−⨍ n (z)| , and the two sequences show similar complex dynamics. A priori uniform “tail end” bounds are provided: |⨍ n + 1 o ⋯ o ⨍ n + m (z)−g n+1 o ⋯ o g n + m (z)| n ∀m , where, for example, the first expansion may represent a modified continued fraction and the second another limit periodic structure with g n → ⨍ .
Non-negatively constrained least squares and parameter choice by the residual periodogram for the inversion of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data

The inverse problem associated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy requiring the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is considered. If the underlying physical model is not clearly determined, the inverse problem needs to be solved using a regularized linear least squares problem that is obtained from the discretization of the integral equation. For this system, it is shown that the model error can be made negligible by a change of variables and by extending the effective range of quadrature. This change of variables serves as a right preconditioner that significantly improves the condition of the system. Still, to obtain feasible solutions the additional constraint of non-negativity is required. Simulations with artificial, but realistic, data demonstrate that the use of non-negatively constrained least squares with a smoothing norm provides higher quality solutions than those obtained without the non-negative constraint. Using higher-order smoothing norms also reduces the error in the solutions. The L-curve and residual periodogram parameter choice criteria, which are used for parameter choice with regularized linear least squares, are successfully adapted to be used for the non-negatively constrained Tikhonov least squares problem. Although these results have been verified within the context of the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, there is no reason to suppose that they would not be relevant within the broader framework of solving Fredholm integral equations for other applications.
Outcomes from a Comprehensive Stroke Telemedicine Program

This case control prospective study for acute stroke management compared telemedicine, telephone, and face-to-face evaluations. Telemedicine diagnostics and examination were as effective as face-to-face evaluation. The use of telemedicine decreased the time for intervention in the crucial minutes after access to emergency services in a highly significant manner (p<0.003) and increased the use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) intervention from 5% to 24% in remote areas.
An analysis of the multiple listing service

Abstract This paper looks at the operation of the Multiple Listing Service and suggests that it is not correct to suggest that no restrictions should be placed on the membership in a multiple listing service. Some exclusionary practices with regard to membership are justified to foster the continued viability of a multiple listing service. Moreover, actions to control any type of opportunistic behavior exist and also are justified. Another issue addressed is the determination of the split in the commission rate between listing brokers and selling brokers of a piece of property listed with the Multiple Listing Service. The split is based on both cost and demand considerations.
Orientation of retentive matrices on spherical attachments independent of implant parallelism.

Abstract Traditionally, it has been advocated that implants planned for use as overdenture abutments be placed parallel to each other to obtain predictable attachment retention and complete seating of the restoration and to prevent premature wear of components. However, it is often difficult or impossible to place implants parallel to each other, and patients with implants that have already been placed in a variety of positions frequently are referred to restorative dentists. This article describes a technique for the fabrication of a matrix-paralleling device as well as 2 of its uses. The device allows proper orientation of the retentive matrices to establish a common path of withdrawal for the prosthesis and all attachments. Provided that the matrices are parallel to each other, spherical overdenture attachments can be used even when the implants are not parallel. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:434-7.)
Effect of amlodipine on echocardiographic variables in cats with systemic hypertension.

Left ventricular hypertrophy signals a poor prognosis in hypertensive humans. Cardiac disease is common in cats with systemic hypertension. The aims of this study were to characterize the echocardiographic findings of cats with systemic hypertension and to determine if reducing the degree of hypertension is associated with resolution of cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiographic examinations were performed on 19 cats with naturally occurring systemic hypertension. Fourteen of these cats were subsequently studied after a minimum of 3 months of treatment with the antihypertensive agent amlodipine. Hypertensive cats had a significantly thicker interventricular septum in both systole and diastole, thicker left ventricular free wall in both systole and diastole, and larger left atrium compared to the published normal values and 74% (14/19) of the cats met criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (diastolic septal or free-wall thickness > 0.60 cm). Systolic blood pressure was lower after treatment (217 +/- 25 mm Hg, range: 180-275 mm Hg; and 142 +/- 27 mm Hg, range: 90-200 mm Hg). No difference was found in any of the echocardiographic measurements between the untreated and treated cats, although more cats had ventricular hypertrophy before treatment (11/14) than after initiating amlodipine (6/14; P = .006). Ventricular hypertrophy is common in hypertensive cats and may resolve after the initiation of amlodipine.
Noise reduction in wide-bore magnets using a patient cage.

Significant rf noise reduction is demonstrated by enclosing the patient in a conducting cage grounded to the magnet bore in a 22-cm-bore spectrometer system capable of examining magnetic images and spectroscopy of human limbs. This method of noise reduction was found to be reliable, simple, and efficient for dealing with ambient rf noise in an unshielded room. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome secondary to an epidermoid tumor in the cerebellopontine angle.

Short-laSting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome is a rare headache disorder classified under TAC. It is characterized by short-lasting unilateral attacks of severe neuralgiform pain associated with prominent lacrimation and redness of the ipsilateral eye. Other autonomic symptoms include nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and eyelid edema.1 Although SUNCT syndrome is a primary headache disorder, it can be associated with secondary pathologies.1,7,14 We report on a patient with paroxysmal left retroorbital pain with associated autonomic symptoms of ipsilateral conjunctival injection and lacrimation, suggestive of SUNCT, secondary to an epidermoid tumor in the left CPA. The symptoms completely resolved after a retrosigmoid craniotomy and resection of the tumor. Case Report
Carbamazepine suppresses synchronized afterdischarging in disinhibited immature rat hippocampus in vitro

Abstract Bath application of therapeutic concentrations of the anticonvulsant carbamazepine suppressed penicillin-induced synchronized afterdischarging in immature rat CA 3 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Afterdischarging was completely abolished in all preparations at a concentration of 30 μM (IC 50 = 8.5 ± 1.4 μM; mean ± S.E.M.). The duration of the preceding epilptiform burst was not altered at this concentration and was diminished by only 24.4 ± 1.2% at a supratherapeutic concentration of 100 μM. These results suggest that a carbamazepine-sensitive neurophysiological mechanism distinct from those responsible for epileptiform burst generation plays a key role in the generation of afterdischarges in developing hippocampus.
Measurement of protein rotational motion using frequency domain polarized fluorescence depletion.

Polarized fluorescence depletion (PFD) methods (Yoshida, T. M. and B. G. Barisas. Biophys. J. 1986. 50:41–53) are approximately 10(3)-10(4) fold more sensitive than other techniques for measuring protein rotational motions in cell membranes and other viscous environments. Proteins labeled with fluorophores having a high quantum yield for triplet formation are examined anaerobically in a fluorescence microscope. In time domain PFD experiments a several-microsecond pulse of linearly polarized light produces an orientationally-asymmetric depletion of ground state fluorescence in the sample. Monitoring the decay of ground state depletion with a probe beam alternatively polarized, parallel, and perpendicular to the depletion pulse permits the triplet lifetime and rotational correlation time to be resolved and evaluated. We have now explored fluorescence depletion methods in the frequency domain to see whether such measurements could provide simpler and more efficient routine measurements of protein rotational relaxation than previous time domain PFD methods. An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) modulates the intensity of a 514.5 nm argon ion laser beam and a Pockels cell (PC) rotates its plane of polarization. These devices are driven by sinusoidal or square waves in fixed frequency relation, and rigidly phase locked, one to another. The fluorescence emitted from a sample then contains various overtones and combinations of the AOM and PC frequencies. The magnitude and phase of individual fluorescence signal frequencies are measured by a lock-in amplifier using a reference also phase-locked to both the AOM and PC. Specific frequencies permit evaluation of the rotational correlation time of the macromolecule and of the fluorophore triplet state lifetime, respectively. Measurement of bovine serum albumin rotation in glycerol solutions by this method is described.
Charge-density-wave modifications in NbSe3 produced by Fe and Co doping.

Dilute concentrations of impurities in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ crystals change the charge-density-wave (CDW) energy gaps very rapidly while the onset temperatures show very small changes. Fe concentrations of 1% reduce the two CDW energy gaps by approximately 30%, while Co concentrations of 3% increase the low-temperature CDW energy gap by approximately 37% and the high-temperature CDW gap by approximately 28%. The real-space scanning-tunneling-microscope scans show changes in the relative CDW modulation amplitudes consistent with the observed changes in the energy gaps.
On the proper treatment of ¿expletive wh ¿ in Hindi

Abstract This paper discusses the two major strands of the semantic analysis of the Scope Marking structures, focussing on the case of Hindi. After reviewing arguments previously discussed in the literature for the so-called “Indirect Dependency” analysis, it presents some previously unnoticed phenomena involving Scope Freezing that strengthen the case for that view, making the opposite “Direct Dependency” analysis even more implausible for Hindi. However, there are phenomena involving the binding of pronouns in the subordinate clause of a scope marking structure by a quantifier in the matrix clause, which appears prima facie to be a problem for the indirect dependency view. This paper provides a solution to that problem within an indirect dependency analysis, using ideas from Engdahl (Engdahl, E., 1986. Constituent Questions: The Syntax and Semantics of Questions with Special Reference to Swedish. Kluwer Academic.) about the functional interpretations of questions; which also argues in favor of one of two possible implementations of the indirect dependency analysis. Data from German and Hungarian are then reviewed, with the aim of showing that “Scope Freezing” effects of the kind discussed earlier in the paper for Hindi make the direct dependency analysis for these languages implausible as well.
Semiconductor manufacturing scheduling of jobs containing multiple orders on identical parallel machines

This paper investigates the identical parallel machine multiple orders per job (MOJ) scheduling problem to minimise total weighted order completion time, as motivated by 300 mm semiconductor manufacturing operations. Multiple orders per job scheduling is required when multiple customer orders are grouped together in one of a limited number of jobs for simultaneous processing – a challenge as customers measure order-level delivery performance, while manufacturers must schedule at the job level. We investigate two kinds of processing environments, serial and parallel processing, in the presence of non-zero order ready times and sequence-independent setup times between jobs. First, a mixed-integer program is proposed for the scheduling problem. As this problem is NP-Hard, a number of polynomial-time heuristic approaches are proposed. Experimental results identify appropriate heuristic techniques for analysing this practically motivated scheduling problem.
Temperature dependent photoabsorption cross sections of allene and methylacetylene in the VUV–UV region

Abstract Using synchrotron radiation as a continuum light source, we have measured the absolute photoabsorption cross sections of allene (C3H4) and methylacetylene (C3H4) in the respective 130–230 nm and 130–220 nm regions, with a spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of 0.06 nm and at three different temperatures, i.e., 360, 295, and 200 K. Significant temperature effects are observed for both molecules in the threshold absorption region. When the gas temperature decreases from 360 to 200 K, the apparent continuum cross sections decrease by an order of magnitude in the 230 nm region of allene and in the 210 nm region of methylacetylene. Within the temperature range of the present work, the presence of hot bands in both molecules are quite limited because of their high vibrational frequencies.
H. Grassmann's 1844 Ausdehnungslehre and Schleiermacher's Dialektik

Summary Hermann Grassmann's ideas on the nature and foundations of mathematics were published as an integral part of his mathematical treatise, the Ausdehnungslehre, in 1844. In spite of its notoriously obscure style we can better understand the work if we view it as an expression of the dialectical philosophy of his mentor, the theologian F. Schleiermacher. The relation to Schleiermacher is presented here through an analysis of the principal ideas of the Ausdehnungslehre.
Local decomposition of invariant lattice transforms

Lattice transformations are a class of nonlinear image processing transforms that include mathematical morphology transforms as a subclass. By using a matrix representation lattice transforms may apply results established in minimax algebra a matrix algebra originally developed for operations research. This paper presents a strong decomposition technique for a translation invariant template that is a lattice transform using a minimax matrix approach. The factors of the decomposition correspond to variant templates. This method is particularly suited for implementation on multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) architectures. Since the minimax algebra is a subalgebra of the Air Force image algebra which in turn encompasses mathematical morphology this technique provides another tool for template decomposition which in particular can be applied to morphology transforms.
A Direct Measurement of Molecular Velocities

A method is described for the direct measurement of the velocities of neutral molecules. The molecules condense on a glass plate fastened to a cylinder which rotates at a high speed, 241 r.p.s. The molecules having velocities from 168 m/sec to 673 m/sec were spread over a band 3 cm wide. A stream of bismuth molecules is studied and the vapor found to be composed of 40 percent Bi and 60 percent ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$ at a temperature of 851\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III Outcome Prediction After Major Vascular Surgery

Objective: To investigate the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III scoring system in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after major vascular surgery. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A tertiary referral center. Participants: Three thousand one hundred forty-eight patients who underwent major vascular surgery between October 1994 and March 2006. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Data were abstracted from an institutional APACHE III database. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) (with 95% confidence intervals) were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow C statistic were used to assess discrimination and calibration, respectively. The mean age of 3,148 patients studied was 70.5 years (±standard deviation 9.6). The mean Acute Physiology Score and the APACHE III score on the day of ICU admission were 31.0 (±17.5) and 45.1 (±18.8), respectively. The mean predicted ICU and hospital mortality rates were 3.2% (±7.8%) and 5.0% (±9.5%), respectively. The median (and interquartile range) ICU and hospital lengths of stay were 4.3 (3.6-5.1) and 14 days (11.9-16.8 days), respectively. The observed ICU mortality rate was 2.4% (75/3, 148 patients) and hospital mortality rate was 3.7% (116/3,148). The ICU and hospital SMRs were 0.74 (0.58-0.91) and 0.74 (0.61-0.88), respectively. The AUC of APACHE III–derived prediction of hospital mortality was 0.840 (95% confidence interval, 0.799-0.880), indicating excellent discrimination. The Hosmer-Lemeshow C statistic was 28.492, with a p value Conclusions: The APACHE III scoring system discriminates well between survivors and nonsurvivors after major vascular surgery, but calibration of the model is poor.
The New Global Threat: Transnational Salafis and Jihad

The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies-civilians and military- is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosques from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty God. “And fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together,” and “Fight them until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevails justice and faith in God.”
Differential ethylene production by potato tuber tissue inoculated with a compatible or an incompatible race ofPhytophthora infestans

Synthesis of ethylene in Kennebec potato tuber discs was measured at various time intervals after inoculation with zoospores of race 0 (incompatible) or race 1,2,3,4 (compatible) ofPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. A burst of ethylene production was observed within 6 hr after inoculation with race 0, but not with race 1,2,3,4. This response may have been due to recognition of the incompatible race 0 during host penetration. Additional ethylene was synthesized concomitant with symptom appearance in both compatible and incompatible combinations.
A two-stage procedure on comparing several experimental treatments and a control - The common and unknown variance case

This paper introduces a two-stage selection rule to compare several experimental treatments with a control when the variances are common and unknown. The selection rule integrates the indifference zone approach and the subset selection approach in multiple-decision theory. Two mutually exclusive subsets of the parameter space are defined, one is called the preference zone (PZ) and the other, the indifference zone (IZ). The best experimental treatment is defined to be the experimental treatment with the largest population mean. The selection procedure opts to select only the experimental treatment which corresponds to the largest sample mean when the parameters are in the PZ, and selects a subset of the experimental treatments and the control when the parameters fall in the IZ. The concept of a correct decision is defined differently in these two zones. A correct decision in the preference zone ( CD 1 ) is defined to be the event that the best experimental treatment is selected. In the indifference zone, a selection is called correct ( CD 2 ) if the selected subset contains the best experimental treatment. Theoretical results on the lower bounds for P ( CD 1 ) in PZ and P ( CD 2 ) in IZ are developed. A table is computed for the implementation of the selection procedure.
Aqueous acidic degradation of the carbacephalosporin loracarbef

The aqueous degradation of the carbacephalosporin loracarbef under moderately acidic conditions (pH range, 2.7-4.3) is described. Structures of a total of 10 compounds isolated by preparative reversed-phase HPLC have been proposed. Five of these 10 degradation compounds arose from hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring followed by structural changes in the six-membered heterocyclic ring. Four compounds form from intermolecular reactions of loracarbef to form dimeric structures with peptide linkages. The remaining compound resulted from oxidation of the primary amine to a hydroxylamine. Pathways for the formation of these compounds from the parent loracarbef are proposed.
Surface plasmon resonance enhanced magneto-optics (SuPREMO): Faraday rotation enhancement in gold-coated iron oxide nanocrystals.

We report enhanced optical Faraday rotation in gold-coated maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. The Faraday rotation spectrum measured from 480−690 nm shows a peak at about 530 nm, not present in eit...