cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional nonlinear optical chromophores based on through-space delocalization.

Six permutations of 4-fold donor and/or acceptor substitution of paracyclophane at the 4, 7, 12, and 15 positions were synthesized to probe the phenomenon of three-dimensional delocalization on the nonlinear optical properties of organic materials. The interplay between through-bond intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as well as three-dimensional, or through-space, ICT processes gives rise to large quadratic hyperpolarizability values. The determination of dipolar (βJ=1) and octupolar (βJ=3) irreducible tensor contributions to the overall β tensor value is made possible by the polarized harmonic light scattering technique at 1.32 μm. The electric field-induced second-harmonic generation technique was also used at 1.91 μm for comparison. Significant experimental β values for members of the series made of two centrosymmetric benzene-like units are a clear signature of a purely through-space ICT between two aryl subunits. The two configurational isomers that pair two dipolar donor−acceptor chromophores also...
Molecular dynamics simulations of metal-organic frameworks as membranes for gas mixtures separation

Abstract We use molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the dynamic behavior of the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas mixtures through IRMOF-1 and Cu-BTC metal-organic frameworks-based membranes. Two approaches are considered to simulate the membrane system: permeation at constant pressure gradient and permeation at variable pressure gradient. The results show that both materials would work similarly to separate CO2/N2 and that Cu-BTC is the most acceptable to separate CO2/CH4 gas mixtures. The roles of diffusion and adsorption are clearly elucidated from the simulations. These simulation results also demonstrate how metal-organic framework properties influence the separation ability of the membrane and help to understand the dynamic mechanism of the process at a molecular level thus providing orientations that may guide experimental work.
A framework for a World Wide Web-based Data Mining system

The phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web (WWW) introduces new vistas for trade and commerce. In addition to overcoming the difficulties of distances, cultures and languages, the WWW provides another important business resource: information. Spurred on by the development of better data storage and retrieval techniques, companies are beginning to provide more information about themselves and their activities. This widespread information dissemination necessitates the development of tools which can process it. The application of machine learning algorithms to this vast quantity of data can yield useful information, which can be used for individual and corporate decision support. One example of many possible applications of Data Mining, the system described in this paper, deals with stock-market data available on certain Web-sites. It classifies these stocks asbuyorsellusing the decision tree technique. The user interaction is through a Web browser, which makes the Web-based nature of the data gathering and processing transparent to the user. A number of experiments are conducted to gauge the performance of the classification.
Existential Architectures: The Metaphysics of Computer Design

The concept for this issue was to highlight work outside the orthodoxy of the usual topics. It was meant to showcase "outside-the-box" topics that tend to not make it into the usual fora for the simple reason that people are not quite sure what the rules are for reviewing unorthodox ideas. Unorthodox ideas are (tautologically) unorthodox, so cannot be compared in a direct way, hence cannot be argued suited for publication by comparison, and so on. The conundrum is clear. (Of course the conundrum is not clear; the fact that it is one is clear.)
Does the meaning of neurocognitive change change with age

Significant declines in longitudinal comparisons of neurocognitive performance are seldom evident until adults are in their 60s or older, but relatively little is known about the existence, or nature, of age-related changes at earlier periods in adulthood. The current research was designed to address this issue by examining characteristics of change in measures from 12 neuropsychological and cognitive tests at different periods in adulthood. Although change was largely positive for adults under about 55 years of age and frequently negative for adults at older ages, the reliabilities of the changes in the neuropsychological and cognitive variables were similar at all ages. Furthermore, there were few systematic relations of age on the reliability-adjusted correlations between the changes in composite scores representing different abilities. These results imply that although neurocognitive declines may not be apparent at young ages because of positive retest effects or other factors, at least in some respects longitudinal changes may have nearly the same meaning across all of adulthood.
Plug-In Timing Models for an Abstract Timing Verifier

We have developed the concept of an abstract timing verifier that accepts plug-compatible timing models in a common framework containing the scheduling algorithms and the user interface. Depending on the design phase and the particular level of design representation used, the most suitable timing model can be plugged into this framework and operated in a standard way. This paper formally introduces the abstract timing model and defines the operations that need to be carried out in such models. It discusses the models used in existing commercial timing verifiers in this context and compares them against some new and modified models. It presents some guidelines for the extension of this library of timing models.
The uncertain moral context of price changes

The purpose of this paper is to motivate a microeconomic model of consumption in which there is uncertainty that is not resolved ex post regarding the moral context of price changes. We show that neoclassical microeconomic theory can yield a result in which expected utility falls when a consumer who is sufficiently concerned for the uncertain moral context of production is faced with a falling price.
Power-aware SoC test optimization through dynamic voltage and frequency scaling

Reducing test cost by minimizing the overall test time remains one of the main goals of System-on-Chip (SoC) testing. Power-aware strategies optimize the overall test time of a SoC for a global peak power budget. Test time and test power can be regulated by VDD and test clock frequency to optimize SoC test schedules for a given power budget. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) techniques have been used in the past to optimize energy efficiency in SoCs. In this paper, we extend the concept of DVFS to optimize the test scheduling of SoC. We adopt a sessionless test scheduling strategy and provide a simple heuristic approach for its optimization. The proposed idea is implemented on several ITC02 benchmarks. Results show significant test time reduction over sessionless reference test schedules for which VDD and clock frequency are fixed at nominal values.
Behavioral markers of coping and psychiatric symptoms among sexually abused children

The current study examined coping and psychiatric symptoms in a longitudinal sample of sexually abused children. Coping was behaviorally coded from children's forensic interviews in the aftermath of sexual abuse. Using principal components analysis, coping behaviors were found to cluster into 3 categories: avoidant, expressive, and positive affective coping. Avoidant coping had predictive utility for a range of psychiatric symptoms, including depressive, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and dissociative symptoms as well as aggression and attention problems measured 8–36 months following the forensic interview. Specific behaviors, namely fidgetiness and distractibility, were also found to be associated with future symptoms. These findings suggest the predictive utility of avoidant behaviors in general, and fidgetiness and distractibility in particular, among sexually abused children.
Vibronic, Optical, and Magnetic Excitations around Solitons in a One-Dimensional Two-Band Peierls-Hubbard Model

Nonlinear doping states in a charge-density-wave background and those in a spin-density- wave background are investigated through their response functions in vibronic, optical and magnetic channels in a one-dimensional two-band Peierls-Hubbard model. A random phase approximation is used for their analysis on the basis of totally unrestricted Hartree-Fock solutions. Doping-induced changes of excitation spectra in these different channels are distinctive to the nature of individual doping states
Sorbinil: a member of the novel class of spirohydantoin aldose reductase inhibitors.

Abstract A decade ago, we discovered that spirohydantoins are a novel class of aldose reductase inhibitors characterized by very potent in vivo activity. This important discovery resulted from a systematic screening effort for in vitro activity against aldose reductase isolated from bovine lens and subsequent testing of active compounds for in vivo activity in a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model, measuring inhibition of sorbitol formation in sciatic nerve. In this in vivo model, spirohydantoins were clearly more potent than all known carboxylic acid-type aldose reductase inhibitors. Structure-activity studies in the spirohydantoin class demonstrated that potent in vitro and in vivo activity were obtained when the spiro junction was adjacent to an aromatic ring and when this junction was part of a 5- or 6-membered ring system fused to the aromatic ring. Excellent in vitro and in vivo activity was achieved in 6-halogenated chromane derivatives with the spirohydantoin group attached in the 4-position. In this series, biologic activity is highly stereospecific and associated with the S configuration. Sorbinil, the S isomer of the 6-fluoro derivative in this series, is one such example: it is 30 times more potent than its R isomer in vitro (IC50 0.15 v 4.4 μmol/L) and 100 times more potent in vivo (ED50 0.25 mg/kg po v 25 mg/kg po).
Advances in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanotribology

Molecular dynamics is the simulation method that is most amenable to the length and time scales of nanotribological experiments. The ability to track the individual motion of every atom in simulations has led to a detailed understanding of the underlying physics that is difficult to extract from experiment. While significant progress has been made in simulations over the past two decades, computational issues still limit the types of problems that can be approached, and the detailed understanding that results. Here we discuss recent advances in molecular dynamics simulations that push the bounds of simulation size, velocity, and chemistry. These state of the art simulation techniques have made great strides in allowing detailed comparisons to experimental results. These advances will be placed in context by addressing the barriers that remain and where future progress lies.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Soft-Error-Resilient FPGAs Using Built-In 2-D Hamming Product Code

Radiation-induced soft error rate (SER) degrades the reliability of static random access memory (SRAM)-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This paper presents a new built-in 2-D Hamming product code (2-D HPC) scheme to provide reliable operation of SRAM-based FPGAs in hostile operating environments such as space. Multibit error correction capability of our built-in 2-D HPC can improve the reliability, and hence, system availability, by orders of magnitude. Simulation results show that the large number of error correction capability of 2-D HPC can recover configuration bits without depending on an external memory preserving a golden copy of the configuration bits. To provide efficient 2-D HPC in a built-in logic, we also propose a new 2-D SRAM buffer. Using the proposed multibit error correction scheme, system availability of an SRAM-based FPGA can be more than 99.9999999% with SRAM cell failures in 1 billion h of operation of 7.
Interactive multiplanar reformation of conventional two-dimensional MR images

In this report, we describe a new application for three-dimensional computer image processing that can provide for improved depiction of anatomical structures on routine nonvolumetric magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. The technique can be applied to standard two-dimensional MR images of the brain, spine, musculoskeletal system, and body including those obtained with relatively thick slices and with an intersection gap. This report demonstrates use of the reformation technique to establish retrospectively the symmetry in bilateral structures that were displayed out of alignment due to suboptimal patient positioning or patient motion during image acquisition and to improve the depiction of anatomical structures that were oriented out of the plane of original image acquisition. This method can be performed interactively in near real time, requires no increase in patient examination time, and has potential application throughout the body.
The making of NKT cells

Natural killer T cells acquire their unique phenotype and characteristics during development in the thymus. Evidence suggests that the transcription factor PLZF has a unique function in the development of these cells and their acquisition of ‘innate-like’ characteristics.
Effect of dexamethasone, 6-mercaptopurine and cyclosporine a on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression

Abstract The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is increased in immune-mediated diseases. These adhesion molecules promote the adherence of inflammatory cells to parenchymal target cells. We have examined the effect of immunosuppressants on the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a renal tubular epithelial cell line. We found that dexamethasone (4–40 μg/mL), the azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (10– 100 μg/mL) and cyclosporine A (0.1–1 μg/mL) have no effect on the basal and the tumor necrosis factor-α- or interleukin-1-stimulated expression of these adhesion molecules. We conclude that these immunosuppressants do not directly influence the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by renal tubular epithelium.
Do Bilateral Power Deficits Influence Direction-Specific Movement Patterns?

This study examined the effect of bilateral power differences on direction-specific movement patterns in American collegiate football players. Sixty-two college football players performed unilateral vertical jump testing prior to agility testing (3-cone drill). Three trials were performed on the subjects' dominant and nondominant sides. A significant difference (9.7 +/- 6.9%) in unilateral jump power was observed between dominant and nondominant legs. No difference (p>0.05) was seen, however, in agility performance between dominant (8.02 +/- 0.51 s) and nondominant (7.97 +/- 0.51 s) sides. Unilateral power in the nondominant leg had a low-to-moderate, correlation-to-agility sprint times performed on the subject's dominant (r=-0.36, p<0.05) and nondominant (r=-0.37, p<0.05) sides. Although power performance in the nondominant leg appears to correlate to agility performance, bilateral power deficits do not appear to relate to performance differences during direction-specific agility tests.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae YOR071C Encodes the High Affinity Nicotinamide Riboside Transporter Nrt1

NAD(+) is an essential coenzyme for hydride transfer enzymes and a substrate of sirtuins and other NAD(+)-consuming enzymes. Nicotinamide riboside is a recently discovered eukaryotic NAD(+) precursor converted to NAD(+) via the nicotinamide riboside kinase pathway and by nucleosidase activity and nicotinamide salvage. Nicotinamide riboside supplementation of yeast extends replicative life span on high glucose medium. The molecular basis for nicotinamide riboside uptake was unknown in any eukaryote. Here, we show that deletion of a single gene, YOR071C, abrogates nicotinamide riboside uptake without altering nicotinic acid or nicotinamide import. The gene, which is negatively regulated by Sum1, Hst1, and Rfm1, fully restores nicotinamide riboside import and utilization when resupplied to mutant yeast cells. The encoded polypeptide, Nrt1, is a predicted deca-spanning membrane protein related to the thiamine transporter, which functions as a pH-dependent facilitator with a K(m) for nicotinamide riboside of 22 microm. Nrt1-related molecules are conserved in particular fungi, suggesting a similar basis for nicotinamide riboside uptake.
Principles of a debugging-first puzzle game for computing education

Although there are many systems designed to engage people in programming, few explicitly teach the subject, expecting learners to acquire the necessary skills on their own as they create programs from scratch. We present a principled approach to teach programming using a debugging game called Gidget, which was created using a unique set of seven design principles. A total of 44 teens played it via a lab study and two summer camps. Principle by principle, the results revealed strengths, problems, and open questions for the seven principles. Taken together, the results were very encouraging: learners were able to program with conditionals, loops, and other programming concepts after using the game for just 5 hours.
Fashion Design for a Projected Future

Using long-term forecasting techniques, an apparel design problem is developed to explore possible outcomes for a style of fashionable women's clothing in the relatively near future, approximately 10 to 20 years from now. The form of fashion design that exists outside of commercial constraints and is used to create drama on the runway is chosen to provide freedom in aesthetic response to a projected scenario of the future. The runway showpiece is intended to provide inspiration to its designer for designs of more practical, saleable clothing.
Motherhood in the context of maternal HIV infection.

Metasummary and metasynthesis techniques were used to integrate findings pertaining to motherhood in 56 reports of qualitative studies conducted with HIV-positive women. Motherhood in the context of maternal HIV infection entailed work directed toward the illness itself and the social consequences of having HIV infection in the service of two primary goals: the protection of children from HIV infection and HIV-related stigma and the preservation of a positive maternal identity. Motherhood both intensified and mitigated the negative physical and social effects of HIV infection. HIV-positive mothers engaged in a distinctive kind of maternal practice-virtual motherhood-to resist forces that disrupted their relationships with and ability to care for their children, as well as their identities as mothers.
Non-localized ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited states in (Cp)2Ti(IV)(NCS)2.

The bent d(0) titanium metallocene (Cp)(2)Ti(NCS)(2) exhibits an intense phosphorescence from a ligand-to-metal charge transfer triplet excited state at 77 K in an organic glass substrate and a poly(methyl methacrylate) plastic substrate. Quantum chemical calculations and spectroscopic studies show that the orbital parentage of this triplet state arises from the promotion of an electron from an essentially nonbonding symmetry adapted pi molecular orbital located on the NCS(-) ligands to a d(z)2-(y)2 orbital located on the Ti metal. Standard infrared spectroscopy of (Cp)(2)Ti(NCS)(2) in its ground electronic state at 77 K reveals a pair of closely spaced absorptions at (2072 cm(-1), 2038 cm(-1))(glass) and (2055 cm(-1), 2015 cm(-1))(plastic) that are assigned, respectively, to the symmetric and antisymmetric CN stretching modes of the two coordinated NCS(-) ligands. Low-temperature (77 K) time-resolved infrared spectroscopy that accesses the phosphorescing triplet excited state on the ns time scale shows an IR bleach that is coincident with the two ground state CN stretching bands and an associated grow-in of a pair of new IR bands at slightly lower energies (2059 cm(-1), 2013 cm(-1))(glass) and (2049 cm(-1), 1996 cm(-1))(plastic) that are assigned, respectively, to the symmetric and antisymmetric CN stretches in the emitting triplet state. These transient IR bands decay with virtually identical lifetimes to those observed for the phosphorescence decays when measured under identical experimental conditions. Singular value decomposition analysis of the time-resolved infrared data shows that the observed transient IR features arise from the same electronic manifold as measured through luminescence studies. The close similarity between the ground state and excited-state CN stretching bands in (Cp)(2)Ti(NCS)(2) indicates that symmetry breaking does not occur in forming the charge-transfer triplet excited-state manifold; i.e., electron density is withdrawn from a delocalized pi MO spread across both NCS(-) ligands. Calculations at several levels of theory reveal a delocalized ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited triplet manifold. These calculations closely reproduce the relative intensity ratios and frequencies of the symmetric and antisymmetric transient infrared vibrations in the CN region. This study is the first time-resolved infrared investigation of a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excited state and the first to be performed at cryogenic temperatures in thin-film organic glass and plastic substrates.
Preoperative affective distress and somatic complaints predict persistent pain after postmastectomy breast reconstruction

Persistent pain is a common but undesirable outcome of breast cancer surgery. With the increasing popularity of breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer, researchers have recently directed attention to the prevalence of intractable pain due to reconstructive surgery. However, available studies that examine factors associated with the development of postreconstruction pain are limited to clinical investigations that have been descriptive, retrospective, or cross-sectional in their study design. There is obvious clinical value identifying presurgical factors that are associated with increased risk for the onset of chronic pain after breast reconstruction surgery. This prospective study examined the effect of presurgical psychological distress and somatic preoccupation in predicting persistent pain after postmastectomy reconstructive surgery. Two hundred and ninety-five women seeking reconstruction at the time of mastectomy or delayed from prior mastectomy served as the subject pool. Surgical intervention included either expander/implant or autologous tissue reconstruction. Before surgery, subjects completed psychological inventories to assess levels of affective distress, somatization, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and somatic anxiety/preoccupation. At 1- and 2-year follow-up, subjects rated the degree to which they experienced problems with breast pain, abdominal pain, and back pain. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that affective distress, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and somatization held significant association with abdominal and back pain at both 1- and 2-year follow-up. For breast pain, all the psychological measures predicted more severe pain at 1 year, but none retained significant association at year 2. Somatic anxiety had more variable relation to pain complaints. These data highlight pain morbidity as a potential negative outcome of breast reconstruction and the significant influence of affective distress and somatic preoccupation in the development of postreconstruction chronic pain. These data support continued investigation into the role of presurgical psychological screening and intervention for women seeking reconstructive surgery.
X-ray-induced specific-locus mutation rates in young male mice.

Abstract The specific-locus mutation frequency resulting from 300 R of acute X-irradiation has been determined for the germ cells present in male mice at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. The sample size was large enough for each of these nine age groups to ensure that a high mutation rate would be noticed. The testis of the mouse undergoes many developmental changes between birth, when most or all germ cells are gonocytes, and 35 days, when the cell population has come to resemble that of the adult. It was important to know if the germ cells present in these developmental stages of immature male mice yield the same mutation frequency as that found earlier for spermatogonia in the adult by W. L. Russell . None of the nine age groups has a mutation rate statistically significantly higher than that of the adult. Taken together, the nine groups of males have an average mutation frequency quite to that of the adult. This does not rule out the possibility that individual age groups may have a mutation frequency somewhat different from that of the adult. The distribution of mutations among the loci seems to be similar to that found for mutations induced in spermatogonia of the adult. Clusters of specific-locus mutations were found only on day 21. This paper and that presented earlier on the newborn report the first specific-locus mutation-rate studies on male mice irradiated between birth and adulthood. If the results can be carried over to man, it can be concluded that irradiation of the immature testis, from birth to puberty, will not present any greatly increased genetic hazard over that from irradiation of the adult testis. In fact, as the data stand in the mouse, they indicate a mutation rate similar to the adult for all but the earlier stages tested and, for these stages, a probably lower rate, representing a transition from the significantly lower rate reported earlier for newborns.
Opioid peptide receptor studies. 4. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the delta opioid receptor delineates opioid receptor subtypes

Abstract Prior work in our laboratory has identified putative subtypes of δ (δcx-1, δcx-2, δncx-1, δncx-2) and κ2 (κ2a and κ2b) receptors. Previous studies showed that chronic (three day) i.c.v. administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the cloned δ opioid receptor selectively decreased [3H][ d -Ala2, d -Leu5]enkephalin binding to the δncx site, not the δcx-2 site. The present study extends this work by demonstrating that δ antisense DNA selectively affects the δncx-2 site sparing the other putative δ receptor subtypes and κ2 receptor subtypes. This selectivity is not due to anatomically specific effects of δ antisense DNA since autoradiograms show that δ binding is reduced in all regions of the brain after chronic i.c.v. administration of δ antisense DNA. These data strongly suggest that the δcx-1, δcx-2, δncx-1, κ2a and κ2b binding sites are different proteins than the δncx-2 binding site, which, based on its sensitivity to δ antisense DNA, is synonymous to the cloned δ opioid receptor. Viewed collectively, these data suggest that administration of δ antisense DNA, and by extension other receptor-selective antisense DNA, is a powerful approach to distinguishing between postulated receptor subtypes.
Students' Beliefs About Placebo Responders: Implications for Fundamentals of Psychology Courses

Scientific sources often warn readers to avoid negative assumptions about those who respond to a placebo, however, no one has addressed the beliefs that lay people hold concerning those who benefit from a placebo. In the current study Fundamentals of Psychology students, who have encountered information about the placebo response in their coursework, evaluated target men and women who had benefited from exposure to a placebo versus a medication on a variety of descriptors (forty-seven in all) that assessed morality, cognitive ability, personality traits, and physical characteristics. The students judged placebo responders (compared to those who benefited from medication) very negatively, for example, placebo responders were considered gullible, overindulgent, lazy, dishonest, deceptive, impulsive, and undisciplined. Female-placebo responders (compared to males) were judged as less intelligent but more emotional. These beliefs contrast with much of the information provided in the scientific literature about the placebo response and suggests that information encountered in coursework may not be addressing or even contributing to an inappropriate negative stigma about placebo responders.
Medical Futility and the Death of a Child

Our response to death may differ depending on the patient’s age. We may feel that death is a sad, but acceptable event in an elderly patient, yet feel that death in a very young patient is somehow unfair. This paper explores whether there is any ethical basis for our different responses. It examines in particular whether a patient’s age should be relevant to the determination that an intervention is medically futile. It also considers the responsibilities of health professionals and the rights of family members in situations where an interventions is clearly futile.
The Seeded Growth of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Crystals in NaCl Solutions up to 6 m and 90°C

The kinetics of calcium sulfate crystal growth is of importance in various fields, such as geochemistry, desalination technology, petroleum industry, and water and wastewater treatment. The seeded crystal growth rate of calcium sulfate dihydrate was measured as a function of supersaturation in NaCl electrolyte solutions from 0 to 6 m at temperatures of 25, 50, 70, and 90 C. The growth followed a second-order parabolic rate law with activation energies greater than 53 kJ/mol which suggested the surface reaction as the rate-limiting step. It was observed that the rate constant and the activation energy are solution composition dependent. The rate constant increases with NaCl concentration up to 3 molal and then begins to fall slightly. The activation energy dropped from 61 kJ/mol in the pure Ca-SO[sub 4]H[sub 2]O system to 53 kJ/mol in 3.0 m NaCl solutions. The electrolyte effect was similar to the crystal solubility behavior in aqueous electrolyte solutions resulting from the variation of the mean activity coefficient of the crystal with ionic strength. The rate constant is proportional to the crystal solubility and inversely proportional to the edge work or the interfacial tension as expected in the classic BCF model.
Natural circular Dichroism of Co(H2O)62+ and Cu(H2O)62+ in a Chiral Lattice

Abstract The circular dichroism spectra of single, enantiomorphic crystals of 3a-Zn(H 2 O) 6 SeO 4 doped with cobalt(II) and copper(1I) have been measured at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in the visible and near-infrared regions. Cotton effects associated with the ligand field bands of Co(H 2 O) 6 2 + and Cu(H 2 O) 6 2 + are observed and, for the cobalt species, exhibit extensive structure associated with both spin-forbidden bands and vibronic effects. In both cases rotational strengths increase substantially at lower temperatures and all bands in both cases (with only one exception) have the same sign in a given enantiomorph.
Establishment of a Turkey Flock Free of `N' Strain Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma of the ‘N’ strain are frequently isolated from turkey poults affected with airsacculitis but free of Mycoplasma gallisepticum1. Research on the ‘N’ strain has been impeded by the presence of a high proportion of turkey poults with airsacculitis in all breeding flocks examined1,2,4,5, by the difficulty of culturing and identifying the Mycoplasma strains, and by the lack of a practical serologic test. This communication describes the establishment of a small nucleus of ‘N’-free turkeys from a commercial breeding flock known to carry ‘N’ Mycoplasma. Hens and toms for the production of ‘N’-free poults were selected from the parent flock by serology and culture.
Direct sales and social relationships in Ponta de Pedras, Pará

Na Amazonia, as companhias de venda direta que vendam produtos de beleza e domesticos - tal como a Avon e a Natura - sao extremamente populares. Mulheres locais vendam perfumaria e batons ao seus vizinhos e familia. Este artigo examine os jeitos em que as companhias de venda direta mundial operam em comunidades rurais amazonicas, descrevendo a mal-alinhamento (disjuncture) que se encontra entre as expectacoes da companhia e a realidade da Amazonia rural. O foco central e a maneira em que a venda direta funciona por relacoes sociais, e eu sustento que a venda direta tem a potencial construir lacos sociais e tambem destruir-los.
Psychosocial outcomes of anxious first graders: a seven-year follow-up.

This study examined the concurrent and long-term psychosocial outcomes associated with anxiety symptoms among a community sample of predominately low-income African Americans (N = 149; 72 females). We classified first graders as high or low anxious using child, parent, and teacher reports. Academic, social, and psychological outcomes were assessed in the first and eighth grades. Logistic regressions with concurrent data revealed that highly anxious children were significantly more likely to score lower on measures of academic achievement and peer acceptance, but higher on measures of depression and aggression compared to their low-anxious peers. Longitudinal analyses revealed that high-anxious first graders, compared to their low-anxious peers, scored significantly lower on measures of academic achievement, aggression, and peer acceptance; and higher on measures of anxiety and depression in the eighth grade. Importantly, outcomes varied depending on informant. Findings suggest that, similar to European American youth, early-onset anxious symptoms in African American children are associated with both concurrent and long-term academic, social, and psychological difficulties.
PENTECOSTAL BODY LOGICS: Cultivating a Modern Sensorium

Pentecostals put intensive study into bodies, texts, practices, and their interrelationships so as to effectively cultivate a sensory culture—sensorium—and invite authoritative religious experience. This ethnographic study follows a Pentecostal sensorium from its crucial institutionalization in early Assemblies of God practice to more contemporary manifestations at Bethany University and among the Promise Keepers. It traces the historical mutations of what I call the body logics—or portable sensory dynamics—that are central to Pentecostal pedagogies of conversion and commitment, especially in their relatively easy transposition to new contexts and ambivalent but productive relationship to modern secularity. Further, it argues that religiously inflected sensory aptitudes, and perhaps even mind–body dynamics, emerge through a process of careful cultivation and nurturance.
Alkali‐feldspathic material entrained in Fe,S‐rich veins in a monomict ureilite

The Elephant Moraine (EET) 96001 ureilite contains a remarkable diversity of feldspars, which occur as tiny (no more than 60 ?m maximum dimension) grains within a few Fe,S-rich (now weathered to mostly Fe oxide) veins. Molar S:Fe ratio in the veins averages 0.08 0.02. The veins meander and feature large fluctuations in apparent width; they appear to have entered this monomict breccia by a gentle, percolative process, not by violent impact injection. The feldspars are accompanied by a diverse suite of K-rich (and generally also Ti-rich) feldspathic glasses, and also major proportions of silica and pyroxene, which is largely fassaitic. A rhnite-like phase is also found, and, as inclusions in one of the fassaites, a Cr-poor spinel-like phase. The feldspars mostly feature remarkably high K/Na compared to feldspars of comparable An from polymict ureilites. The EET 96001 feldspathic component was probably once part of a thin basaltic crust on a ureilite asteroid. The spinel included in one of the fassaites formed at remarkably high fO2 (apparent oxidation state of iron: 41 atom% Fe3+), suggesting that the parent magma possibly assimilated near-surface water (however, the Fe3+was not directly measured, and has conceivably been affected by terrestrial weathering; also, there is no assurance that this fassaite originated together with the typical feldspar). We speculate that the feldspathic component was mixed into the dense, Fe,S-rich vein material, and very soon thereafter the Fe,S-rich vein material was emplaced adjacent to the EET 96001 host ureilite, at an advanced stage in a chaotic catastrophic disruption and partial reassembly process that affected all ureilites. The high-K nature of the EET 96001 feldspathic component, including the feldspathic glasses, suggests that fractional fusion may not have been as common during ureilite anatexis as has been inferred from recent studies of clast assemblages in polymict ureilites.
Restructuring information for managing and transferring knowledge

In concert with a continuous improvement initiative, the information development team of Motorola's Imaging Systems Division determined that the structure of existing documentation was inadequate for optimal user navigation and transfer of knowledge. The information development team embarked on a feasibility study to confirm its preference for using the Information Mapping methodology and documentation template over the template that had been in use for several years. Near-unanimous results confirmed users' preference for the Information Mapping template and methods. The paper addresses not only the Information Mapping methodology in general, but touches upon the ramifications of poorly designed documentation and how it influences a user's receptivity to technology.
Real Assets and the Limits of Debt Capacity: Theory and Evidence

This paper considers how collateral is used to finance a going concern. The theory shows that better quality (unobservably higher-valued) firms separate themselves by committing to maintain a strong balance sheet, something lesser quality firms find too costly to do. Lower quality firms instead issue secured debt by pledging real collateral. During turbulent financial periods, however, pooling occurs in the secured debt market, which raises the average quality of firms choosing to finance in that market. Empirical results support model predictions, where we use the 1998 Russian crisis in combination with the role played by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for apartment REITs to highlight the relation between financing outcomes and firm type.
Effects of Prosocial, Neutral, and Violent Video Games on College Students' Affect

:::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::: ::::::::: Recent research reveals that playing prosocial video games increases prosocial cognitions and helpful behaviors [Gentile el al., 2009; Greitemeyer and Osswald, 2009; 2010; 2011]. These results are consistent with social-cognitive models of social behavior [e.g., the “General Learning Model,” Buckley and Anderson, 2006]. The social-cognitive learning models suggest that in addition to influencing cognitions, media content may also influence affect. However, past studies on prosocial video games have failed to find a significant effect on affective measures [Greitemeyer and Osswald, 2010]. The present research examined the effects of prosocial, neutral, and violent video games on state hostility and positive affect. Also examined were moderating effects of trait aggressiveness, trait altruistic helping, and trait egoistic helping. Prosocial games reduced state hostility and increased positive state affect. Violent video games had the opposite effects. These effects were moderated by trait physical aggression. Altruistic participants reported relatively more positive affect and less state hostility. Egoistic participants reported relatively more aggravated and mean feelings. Aggr. Behav. 38:263–271, 2012. C � 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orai, STIM1 and iPLA2β: a view from a different perspective

The mechanism of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) remains one of the intriguing mysteries in the field of Ca(2+) signalling. Recent discoveries have resulted in the molecular identification of STIM1 as a Ca(2+) sensor in endoplasmic reticulum, Orai1 (CRACM1) as a plasma membrane channel that is activated by the store-operated pathway, and iPLA(2)beta as an essential component of signal transduction from the stores to the plasma membrane channels. Numerous studies have confirmed that molecular knock-down of any one of these three molecules impair SOCE in a wide variety of cell types, but their mutual relations are far from being understood. This report will focus on the functional roles of Orai1, STIM1 and iPLA(2)beta, and will address some specific questions about Orai1 and TRPC1, and their relation to SOC channels in excitable and non-excitable cells. Also, it will analyse the novel role of STIM1 as a trigger for CIF production, and the complex relationship between STIM1 and Orai1 expression, puncta formation and SOCE activation. It will highlight some of the most recent findings that may challenge simple conformational coupling models of SOCE, and will offer some new perspectives on the complex relationships between Orai1, STIM1 and iPLA(2)beta in the SOCE pathway.
Test based on normal serum component implementing fixation of complement by turkey antiserum.

SummaryA factor in normal chicken serum when added to heated or unheated immune turkey serum-antigen complexes caused fixation of guinea pig complement. The factor was labile at 56°, unstable at room or refrigerator temperatures but remained active for several weeks at —20°C It was found in the water insoluble fraction of serum and could be removed from diluted serum on kaolin.
Health care services use by adolescents with intakes into an outpatient alcohol and drug treatment program.

We examined utilization and cost in the 1 year pre- and post-intake among a sample of adolescents (N = 419) entering chemical dependency (CD) treatment. Multivariate analyses showed that these youth used significantly more medical services than a demographically matched sample of members without substance use (SU) problems. Their utilization and costs were higher than matched members, and they did not show the same reductions in post-treatment costs that adults do. This is of concern since it would appear that the medical and mental health problems of adolescents entering CD treatment may be so severe that there are no short-term reductions in post-treatment cost, including ER and hospitalizations. (Am J Addict 2006;15:113–121)
TASER conducted electrical weapons and implanted pacemakers and defibrillators

Introduction: Conducted electrical weapons (CEW) have generated controversy in recent years regarding their effect on heart rhythm and on their suspected interaction with implanted devices such as the pacemakers and ICDs (implantable cardioverter defibrillators). We review the current evidence available on device interactions and pre-sent a new case series of 6 patients. Literature: We used the available case reports and animal studies on TASER or CEW related publications in PubMed. Conclusion: Oversensing of TASER CEW discharges may cause noise reversion pacing in pacemakers and inappropriate detection of VF in ICDs. The nominal 5-second discharge is sufficiently short that neither clinically significant inhibition of bradycardia pacing nor inappropriate ICD shocks have been reported. Current evidence indicates that CEW discharges do not have adverse effects on pacemakers and ICDs.
Brain–machine interfaces: computational demands and clinical needs meet basic neuroscience

As long as 150 years ago, when Fritz and Hitzig demonstrated the electrical excitability of the motor cortex, scientists and fiction writers were considering the possibility of interfacing a machine with the human brain. Modern attempts have been driven by concrete technological and clinical goals. The most advanced of these has brought the perception of sound to thousands of deaf individuals by means of electrodes implanted in the cochlea. Similar attempts are underway to provide images to the visual cortex and to allow the brains of paralyzed patients to re-establish control of the external environment via recording electrodes. This review focuses on two challenges: (1) establishing a 'closed loop' between sensory input and motor output and (2) controlling neural plasticity to achieve the desired behavior of the brain-machine system. Meeting these challenges is the key to extending the impact of the brain-machine interface.
Cervical papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in Hispanic, Native American, and non-Hispanic white women in New Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus infections of the cervix are found with varying frequencies in different populations worldwide, and have been associated with cervical cytologic abnormalities. METHODS: We studied 1,603 randomly selected Hispanic, Native American, and non-Hispanic White women in New Mexico to determine the prevalence of cervical HPV infection in these ethnic groups, and its association with Pap smear abnormalities, using a new commercial dot-blot hybridization assay. RESULTS: Nine percent of all women screened had evidence of cervical HPV infection (13.7% of non-Hispanic White women, 9.7% of Hispanics, and 6.6% of Native American women). Prevalence was higher in younger women ages 14-19 years than in older age groups. Over half of women with cervical HPV infection (n = 145) had normal Pap smears. The proportion of infected women increased among those with more advanced cytopathologic abnormalities; 5.6 percent with normal Pap smears had cervical HPV vs 66.7 percent with moderate-severe dys...
Using games in software engineering education to increase student success and retention

Summary form only given. Spoken language technologies have reached enough maturity to be integrated in many applications in eHealth and eLearning. The challenges and the potential are enormous. There are many other areas in which this claim could be equally made, but these two areas share many technical issues and, of course, they also share a huge significance from a social point of view. This was the driving force for our recent efforts at the Spoken Language Systems Lab of INESC-ID in terms of eHealth and eLearning. This talk tries to give an overview of these efforts and, in spite of the fact that they will be demonstrated for the Portuguese language, it will also try to emphasize how easily they can be extended to new languages.
Tunable optical group delay in an active waveguide semiconductor resonator

We investigate a novel optical filter with specific application to tunable optical delay lines. The structure consists of cascaded chirped grating and phase-shifter sections, providing two optical cavities which generate a wide range of potential filter responses. The active waveguide nature of the filter allows current-controlled tunability of both the spectral response and the corresponding group delay. The filter is studied experimentally and theoretically for both transmission and reflection schemes, highlighting the tradeoffs. We demonstrate that continuous group delay tunability of 43 ps can be achieved in reflection with small power variation by optimizing the injection currents.
Phosphorus(III) Iodide

[13455-01-1] I3P (MW 411.67) InChI = 1S/I3P/c1-4(2)3 InChIKey = PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (conversion of alcohols to iodides; deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes; reduction of sulfoxides, selenoxides, selenones, ozonides, and α-halo ketones; elimination of β-hydroxy sulfides, dithioacetals, and orthothioesters or their selenium counterparts to form alkenes; conversion of aldoximes and nitro compounds to nitriles; cleavage of dimethyl acetals; water-soluble phosphorus byproducts are usually formed) Alternate Name: phosphorus triiodide. Physical Data: mp 61 °C. Solubility: very sol CS2; reacts with protic solvents. Form Supplied in: red solid; widely available commercially. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: commercial samples are generally suitable for use without purification; store under an inert atmosphere.
Clinical Use of Amphotericin B and Derivatives: Lore, Mystique, and Fact

Since 1955, when amphotericin B was introduced into clinical therapy, a lore has grown up surrounding its use that often lacks evidential basis. Matters such as rate of intravenous injection, periodicity of administration, dosage, and the monitoring of therapy should not be shrouded in a mystique that is passed on from one generation of house officers to another. Factual rationalization of the use of amphotericin B should be pursued and is attempted in this article.