cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Vapor Pressures of W-, Cr-, and Co-Carbonyls

Low-temperature vapor pressures of three metal carbonyls—W(CO) 6, Cr(CO)6, and Co2(CO)8—were determined using the gravimetric torsion effusion method. The vapor pressures of W(CO)6 ranged from 10-5 to 10-4 kPa in a temperature range of 265 to 288 K, and those of Cr(CO)6 ranged from 10-4 to 10-3 kPa in a temperature range of 266 to 272 K. Both of these monomer carbonyls were virtually free of disproportionation during vaporization, and the measured molecular weights of these compounds were very close to the actual monomer values. The vaporization behavior of Co2(CO)8 exhibited complex behavior, and it decomposed to cobalt metal at room temperature, in vacuo. The decomposition of (dimer) Co2(CO)8 to metallic Co did not occur below room temperature at ~278 K, but the dimer disproportionated to other molecular forms, suggested by the differences in measured molecular weight of vaporizing gas species of 229 g/mol as compared to an actual value of 342 g/mol. It is proposed that the dimer, Co2(CO)8, undergoes partial disproportionation to tetramer [Co4(CO)12], monomer [Co2(CO)8], and CO gas. The vapor pressures of each of the above-mentioned carbonyls, the average molecular weights of the effusing gases, proposed disproportionation mechanisms for cobalt carbonyl, equilibrium constants for the vaporization reactions, their enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies are presented.
Reorientation of the B-H complex in Si: Non-arrhenius kinetics and a reverse isotope effect

Abstract The B-H complex in Si can be aligned by stress and reorients with an activation energy of roughly 0.2 eV. When the complex reorients, the H atom jumps from one bond-centered site adjacent to the B atom to another. We show that the reorientation kinetics deviate from Arrhenius behavior for small jump rates (≈10 −6 s −1 ). This result supports a previous suggestion that the H jumps by a thermally assisted tunneling mechanism. Further, we show that the reorientation rate for B-D is greater than that of B-H for T > 57K.
Impressions of European railroad electrification

The electrification of European railroads is different in many respects from that in the United States. In France there is employed a new single-phase 50-cycle system and French engineers have built up a case for this type of electrification. Another departure from American practice is the modern C.F.F. locomotive in the title picture used on the 16&2/3;-cycle 15,000-volt lines of Switzerland.
Spectrally multiplexed photothermal OCT and novel detection methods

We demonstrate simultaneous detection of two nanoparticle species using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography with photothermal excitation at two wavelengths matched to the distinct absorption peaks of the nanoparticles. To minimize bulk heating of the sample, a novel single-pulse excitation scheme is proposed and its sensitivity is characterized.
Spectroscopic evaluation of human tear lipids.

Abstract Infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies were applied to characterize the molecular conformational/structure and dynamics of human meibum (ML) and tear lipids (SSL). ML lipids contained more C C and CH3 moieties than SSL. SSL contained OH groups that were not apparent in the spectra of ML. The C O stretching band observed in the infrared spectra of SSL and ML revealed that the C O groups are not involved in hydrogen bonds. Bands due to the polar moieties C O and PO2− did not change significantly with increasing temperature, suggesting that they may not play an appreciable thermodynamic role in the lipid hydrocarbon chain phase transition. Components in tears bind to SSL and exclude water at the water–lipid boundary where the polar headgroups of phospholipids are located. If similar interactions occur in vivo at the tear film lipid–aqueous interface, they would reduce the rate of evaporation. The results provide a foundation for future studies to assess possible differences with age and sex in tears from normal and dry eye subjects.
The compression-ordering and solubility-disordering effects of high pressure gases on phospholipid bilayers.

Abstract Inert gases at high pressure may compress and dissolve in tissue of intact organism to result in narcosis, reversal of the effects of anesthetic agents or hyperexcitability. The effects of 51 and 102 atm of helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, xenon and nitrous oxide on the molecular motion of nitroxide spin-labeled phospholipid-cholesterol bilayers were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Immediately, application of high pressures of all gases decreased the molecular motion of the fatty acid chains of the membrane phospholipids; the magnitude of ordering was linearly related to the amount of pressure applied. The second effect was an increase in molecular motion of the fatty acid chains which appeared more slowly due to the slow gas diffusion through the column of lipid dispersion. The magnitude of disorder of the phospholipid membrane at equilibrium correlated with the known lipid solubilities of the gases in olive oil as well as with the anesthetic potency of all the gases except xenon. The environment of the spin label became less polar as the gases diffused into the bilayer. The present studies in the phospholipid model membrane show that the net effects of high pressure gases in the lipid phase consist of an initial ordering of the membrane by compression opposed by the ability of the gas molecules to diffuse and dissolve in the lipid bilayers and disorder them. It is thus suggested that the resultant perturbations of the membrane lipid fluidity by high pressure gases may subsequently be transmitted to membrane-bound protein to result in changes that may be associated, in part, with the diverse effects of anesthesia and of the high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) observed in deep-sea divers. The model system may be useful in developing gas mixtures which minimize HPNS.
A longitudinal study of neuropsychological change in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Neuropsychological changes in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied longitudinally. Sixty-nine idiopathic PD patients, with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores falling within normal range, and 37 elderly control participants were given neuropsychological tests twice approximately two years apart. The PD group performed poorer than the control group on Semantic Fluency, Letter Fluency, Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, and Block Design at test time 1. Two years later, the PD group showed significant decline in Semantic and Letter Fluency. A subset of 12 PD patients declined in mental status by second testing (> or =4 MMSE points). Cox proportional-hazards models were used to see if any baseline measures were associated with relative risk of decline in mental status. In the final model, Repetition performance and Age were significantly associated with cognitive decline. Consistent with previous studies, executive function tasks were those most susceptible to disease progression.
Elimination of focal atrial fibrillation with a single radiofrequency ablation: use of a basket catheter in a pulmonary vein for computerized activation sequence mapping.

Three-Dimensional Mapping System. A focal source for atrial fibrillation (AF) may he found in the first few centimeters of the pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency (RF) ahiation may be directed at this source using activation mapping., but if the responsible atrial extrasystoles arc infrequent or difficult to map, elimination of the source may require complete electrical isolation of the vein with multiple RF lesions. A new three-dimensional mapping system using a 64-pole hasket catheter has been developed recently. We report the use of this system for abiation of focal AF in two patients. Mapping identified foci in the left and right superior pulmonary veins. Each focus was eliminated with a single RF ablation.
Rehabilitation of Concrete Pavements Utilizing Rubblization: A Mechanistic Based Approach to HMA Overlay Thickness Design

In Iowa, there are many portland cement concrete (PCC) type highway pavements. These pavements deteriorate over time due to materials, traffic and environmental related distresses and they are commonly rehabilitated by providing a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay. To mitigate reflection cracking, a frequently observed distress on HMA overlaid PCC pavements, various fractured slab techniques are used, of which rubblization is considered to be the most utilized and effective technique. This paper describes the development of a mechanistic–empirical (M–E) thickness design system for HMA overlaid rubblized PCC pavements. In this computerized design procedure, HMA fatigue and subgrade rutting failure are considered using appropriate transfer functions. The design system strain predictions were validated using field results from an instrumented trial section in Polk county, Iowa.
Experiences Analyzing Faults in a Hybrid Distributed System with Access Only to Sanitized Data

In this paper we report on a work in progress assessing the faults observed and reported in a distributed, safety-critical, largely embedded system with both electrical and mechanical components. We illustrate why standard software testing techniques are not sufficient and indicate some of the technical and non-technical problems encountered in examining the faults and the initial results obtained. While the application domain is elevator operation, the techniques described here are general enough to apply to many other domains. Much of the data analyzed here would be considered imprecise in the software industry if it were used in software testing or to help increase fault tolerance. The paper includes a discussion of the use of multiple views of data, assessment of missing data, and analysis of informal information to produce its conclusions about fault avoidance and fault tolerance.
Constraints on decay distributions of resonances derived from a simple regge-pole model☆

Abstract Constraints on the decay angular distributions of resonances produced in quasi-two-body reactions are deduced from a simple Regge-pole model. It is shown that these relations are derived from a specific choice of Regge-trajectory couplings. The same correlations have been obtained also from a quark model, and it is argued that the corresponding experimental study of resonance decay distributions does not provide a meaningful test of the quark model. A discussion on the applicability and limitations of these results is given.
Tankbot: A Palm-size, Tank-like Climbing Robot using Soft Elastomer Adhesive Treads

In this paper we propose a tank-like climbing robot, called Tankbot, using flat (non-patterned) and soft elastomer adhesive treads. This wheeled climbing robot design enables continuous, vibration-free, and strong attachment to wide range of smooth and rough surfaces, relatively fast and smooth motion, and improved capability to traverse obstacles and to carry high payloads. Tankbot is lightweight (60â150 g) and can climb on any slope from 0â¢ to 360â¢ on smooth surfaces. Moreover, climbing vertically up, down, and laterally on relatively rough surfaces, such as a wooden door, a painted wall, and a brick wall, is also possible. A passive or active tail is added to Tankbot to transfer the peeling force to the front wheel and to assist for transitioning to different surface slopes. It is shown that the normal component of the peeling force with respect to the surface is crucial and has to be maximized to maximize the climbing stability. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the tread tension should be in a specific range to maximize the normal peeling force. With the aid of the derived models, different Tankbot prototypes with different body and tread dimensions are manufactured and tested for different tasks. It is shown that a 115 g Tankbot can carry up to 300 g on a regular painted wall. Tankbot can go over obstacles of up to 16 mm in diameter, perform both internal and external vertical wall to ceiling transitions, steer in two dimensions with a minimum turning diameter of 80 cm, and loiter on painted walls for up to 5 min.
Cultural orientation and the persuasive effects of fear appeals: The case of anti-smoking public service announcements:

A core dimension of cultural orientation is the extent to which a country is individualistic versus collectivistic. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the extent that one is individual...
Studies on protein synthesis in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster

Comparisons have been made of protein synthesis in imaginal discs of different developmental stages using acrylamide gel electrophoresis of 3H-and 14C-labeled protein. No qualitative differences were found between middle third instar discs and late third instar discs and small differences between late third instar discs and early prepupal discs. Using actinomycin D the functional half-life of m-RNA of imaginai discs has been minimally estimated to be approximately 212 hr long. It has been proposed, on the basis of the life of m-RNA, that no large differences in the pattern of protein synthesis in late larval and prepupal discs would be expected because the existing m-RNA would buffer the system against changes.
One Year of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Basic Factors, 464. — Antecedent Events, 465. — Objectives, 468. — Structure, Powers, and Duties, Original Act, 469; Amended Act, 472. — Operations, 475. — Results and Conclusions, 484. — Appendix, 488.
Reply to the comment by S. B. Jacobsen and C. L. Harper Jr. on “The issue of the terrestrial record of 146Sm”

There is abundant evidence for the widespread occurrence of live ^(146)Sm(Ƭ = 149 Ma) in the early Solar System as established by correlated Sm/Nd and ^(142)Nd/^(144)Nd in meteorites (Lugmair and Marti, 1977; Lugmair et al., 1983; Jacobsen and Wasserburg, 1984; Prinzhofer et al., 1989, 1992; Lugmair and Galer, 1992; Nyquist et al., 1994; Stewart et al., 1994; Sharma et al., 1995).
Covariations of eating behaviors with other health-related behaviors among adolescents

Purpose: The study objectives are: (1) to examine and compare patterns of covariation of a wide range of health behaviors among adolescent boys and girls; (2) to determine whether eating behaviors are part of a larger construct of health-related behaviors and to identify the behaviors with which they share underlying similarities; and (3) to determine whether youth engaging in other health-compromising behaviors are at risk for unhealthy eating. Methods: Data were analyzed from the Minnesota Adolescent Health Survey, a classroom-administered questionnaire, completed by 36,284 adolescents, in grades 7–12 from 1986–87. Results: Among boys, factor analysis revealed five factors: (1) risk-taking behaviors, (2) school-related behaviors, (3) "quietly" disturbed behaviors (e.g., frequent dieting, self-induced vomiting, suicide attempts), (4) health-promoting behaviors; and (5) exercise. Eating behaviors loaded on the construct of health-promoting behaviors with brushing teeth and seat belt use. Among girls, four similar factors emerged; however, exercise loaded on the construct of health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, eating behaviors loaded with brushing teeth, seat belt use, and exercise among girls. Logistic regression analyses, controlling for sociodemographic and personal variables, revealed that boys and girls engaging in health-promoting behaviors were less likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors, while those engaging in quietly disturbed behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and problematic school behaviors were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors. Conclusions: Eating behaviors appear to be part of a health-promoting behavioral construct and should not be viewed in isolation from other behaviors. Although eating behaviors do not appear to be part of the "problem behavior syndrome", youth engaging in a wide range of health-compromising behaviors are at risk for unhealthy eating; emphasizing the need to target high-risk youth with health promotion programs.
Heuristic rules and strategies of assembly planning: experiment and implications in the design of assembly decision support system

It has been observed from an experiment that engineers efficient performance of assembly planning is attributed to their utilization of heuristic rules to generate soft constraints of the assembly sequence, the breadth-first strategy to develop the rough, global plan of the assembly sequence, and the consistent, systematic strategy to finalize the detailed, local plan of the assembly sequence. Those characteristics of the engineers’ assembly planning are used to design the user-centred decision support system to assembly planning.
SOLID-STATE STRUCTURE OF TP'PTME2H, A DIMETHYLHYDRIDO PLATINUM(IV) COMPLEX

The solid-state X-ray structure of Tp‘PtMe2H has been determined. This platinum(IV) hydride derivative is stable at room temperature and crystallizes in an orthorhombic cell (space group Pcmn, Z = 4, a = 8.1292(8) A, b = 13.3862(9) A, and c = 17.9670(16) A). The hydride ligand was not located. The complex was synthesized as one of a series of organometallic platinum(IV) derivatives with Tp‘ (Tp‘ = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) in the coordination sphere. These octahedral platinum(IV) Tp‘PtMe2X and Tp‘PtPh2X complexes were prepared by formal oxidation of platinum(II) intermediates ([K][Tp‘PtMe2] and [K][Tp‘PtPh2]) with electrophiles (HX, MeI, I2). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to determine the solid-state decomposition temperatures for these platinum(IV) organometallic complexes.
Using Social Media Information for Staffing Decisions: Some Uncharted Territory In Validity Research

Social Media (SM) has become a pervasive technology in our society. In this paper, we consider the implications of organizations increasingly using searches of SM websites to gather information on ...
Restriction endonuclease cleavage of 5-methyl-deoxycytosine hemimethylated DNA at high enzyme-to-substrate ratios

We have investigated the ability of a large number of restriction enzymes to digest non-canonically hemimethylated DNA at high enzyme-to-substrate ratios. A single-stranded unmethylated phagemid was used as a template to complete synthesis of the second strand using 5-methyl-dCTP to substitute for all the deoxycytosine residues. A fragment of this double-stranded hemimethylated DNA which contains the multiple cloning site region was used as a substrate. For all the enzymes tested, at least some degree of protection from digestion is observed. Sites completely protected from digestion by their cognate enzymes are SalI, BstXI, SacI, SacII, SmaI, SstI, XhoI, PstI, HinfI, BamHI and AccI. Sites partially protected from digestion by their cognate enzymes are XbaI, HindIII, KpnI, SpeI, ClaI, EcoRI and PvuII. Knowledge of the sensitivity of commonly used restriction enzymes to hemimethylated substrates is useful for several applications, which will be discussed.
Rotational and translational motion of troponin C.

Time resolved fluorescence anisotropy and sedimentation velocity has been used to study the rotational and translational hydrodynamic behavior of two mutants of chicken skeletal troponin C bearing a single tryptophan residue at position 78 or 154 in the metal-free-, metal-bound-, and troponin I peptide (residues 96–116 of troponin I)-ligated states. The fluorescence anisotropy data of both mutants were adequately described by two rotational correlation times, and these are compared with the theoretically expected values based on the rotational diffusion of an idealized dumbbell. These data imply that the motion of the N- and C-terminal domains of troponin C are independent. They also suggest that in the metal-free, calcium-saturated and calcium-saturated troponin I peptide-bound states, troponin C is elongated, having an axial ratio of 4–5. Calcium or magnesium binding to the high affinity sites alone reduces the axial ratio to approximately 3. However, with calcium bound to sites III and IV and in the presence of a 1:1 molar ratio of the troponin I peptide, troponin C is approximately spherical. The metal ion and troponin I peptide-induced length changes in troponin C may play a role in the mechanism by which the regulatory function of troponin C is effected.
Dichlorobis(organonitrile)palladium(II) catalysis of cis- to trans- isomerization of ethylchrysanthemate and chrysanthemic acid

Abstract Complexes of the type L2PdCl2 (L = CH3,CN, CH3CH2CN, PhCN) in benzene or chloroform act as homogeneous catalysts in the room temperature cis to trans isomerization of ethylchrysanthemate and chrysanthemic acid.
WAR AND INTENTION

Abstract Right intention is one of the staple criteria of traditional just war theory. In classical terms, right intention is met when a belligerent aims to achieve a just and peaceful order. I will address the problem of determining when a belligerent has satisfied the criterion of right intention. I will argue that right intention is determined by observing a belligerent's acts during and after a conflict. Intention is not merely a private mental act known ultimately only by the people who express the intentions of their governments. Rather, right intention is a communal, public act, for the observable circumstances are how intention is determined. I will demonstrate the effectiveness of this way of determining intention by concentrating on the stated intentions of the Allies before World War II and of the U.S. before the First and Second Gulf Wars. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the international community can check a belligerent's stated intentions both while the war is in progress and a...
Use of natriuretic peptides in clinical decision-making for patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes.

At least 15 observational studies have shown that higher concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) are associated with increased rates of death and new or worsening heart failure (HF) among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). 1-3 These analyses, which have demonstrated remarkably consistent findings, were performed both using stored blood samples from randomized controlled trials testing various therapies for ACS and in registries of unselected patients that are more representative of the patients with ACS seen by most clinicians. 4-6 The association between BNP and death and HF events is independent of the major clinical indicators of risk in ACS, including estimates of infarct size and assessment of left ventricular (LV) function; moreover, in most studies, the magnitude of the risk association is greater than for other available biomarkers and at least as strong as established clinical variables. 7 In contrast, the association between natriuretic peptide levels and recurrent nonfatal ischemic events (myocardial infarction [MI] and readmission for ACS) is modest and attenuated after adjustment for confounding variables. In patients with ACS, serial measurements performed during the index hospitalization and again during outpatient follow-up provide complementary information regarding prognosis. 8 More
Use of animal model of sepsis to evaluate novel herbal therapies.

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several techniques, including infusion of exogenous bacterial toxin (endotoxemia) or bacteria (bacteremia), as well as surgical perforation of the cecum by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)1-3. CLP allows bacteria spillage and fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity, mimicking the human clinical disease of perforated appendicitis or diverticulitis. The severity of sepsis, as reflected by the eventual mortality rates, can be controlled surgically by varying the size of the needle used for cecal puncture2. In animals, CLP induces similar, biphasic hemodynamic cardiovascular, metabolic, and immunological responses as observed during the clinical course of human sepsis3. Thus, the CLP model is considered as one of the most clinically relevant models for experimental sepsis1-3. Various animal models have been used to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis. The lethal consequence of sepsis is attributable partly to an excessive accumulation of early cytokines (such as TNF, IL-1 and IFN-γ)4-6 and late proinflammatory mediators (e.g., HMGB1)7. Compared with early proinflammatory cytokines, late-acting mediators have a wider therapeutic window for clinical applications. For instance, delayed administration of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies beginning 24 hours after CLP, still rescued mice from lethality8,9, establishing HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal sepsis. The discovery of HMGB1 as a late-acting mediator has initiated a new field of investigation for the development of sepsis therapies using Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. In this paper, we describe a procedure of CLP-induced sepsis, and its usage in screening herbal medicine for HMGB1-targeting therapies.
Engaging the narrative in ontological (in)security theory: insights from feminist IR

Ontological security theory (OST) provides a unique account of how state Self-identity is formed and reformed in international relations. OST postulates that state Self-identity is usefully understood by inquiring into the foundation of a state's sense of Self: its autobiographical narrative. We seek to amend this line of argument by further suggesting that the autobiographical narratives of states are ‘gendered’. Feminist theorizing about the relationship between gender and power implies that the dominant autobiographical narrative of state Self-identity is ‘gendered’ masculine. The power of this masculinized autobiographical narrative flows from an ‘internal othering’ process of counter ‘feminine’ autobiographical narratives that exist alongside the masculinized autobiographical narrative. Our goal is to suggest that opportunities do arise for counter ‘feminine’ narratives to challenge the dominant autobiographical narrative due to their interdependence and we explicate two practices by which masculiniz...
A fault tolerant control strategy for quadrotor UAVs based on trajectory linearization approach

Fault tolerant control on quadrotors has recently gained more and more attention. A proper fault tolerant control strategy can improve the vehicle's performance in the presence of benign faults, and even save the vehicle and valuable payload in case of severe faults. This paper presents a new fault tolerant control strategy based on Trajectory Linearization Control approach with a special method of transformation from quadrotor mode to tri-rotor mode, and an introduction of extra control DOF. Meanwhile, control command saturation is considered in the proposed fault tolerant control strategy. The maximum fault tolerant capacity for the nominal controller is estimated and specific control strategies are presented according to fault classification. Simulations in the SIMTJLINK/MATLAB environment are presented to verify the control strategy.
Widespread Morning Drizzle on Titan

Precipitation is expected in Titan's atmosphere, yet it has not been directly observed, and the geographical regions where rain occurs are unknown. Here we present near-infrared spectra from the Very Large Telescope and W. M. Keck Observatories that reveal an enhancement of opacity in Titan's troposphere on the morning side of the leading hemisphere. Retrieved extinction profiles are consistent with condensed methane in clouds at an altitude near 30 kilometers and concomitant methane drizzle below. The moisture encompasses the equatorial region over Titan's brightest continent, Xanadu. Diurnal temperature gradients that cause variations in methane relative humidity, winds, and topography may each be a contributing factor to the condensation mechanism. The clouds and precipitation are optically thin at 2.0 micrometers, and models of "subvisible" clouds suggest that the droplets are 0.1 millimeter or larger.
Impact of Deafness on Family Life: A Review of the Literature

The presence of deafness in a family has the potential to affect all areas of family life. An understanding of the impact on family life is critical to addressing all components of the family system in early intervention. This review synthesizes the literature on deafness as it relates to four domains of family quality of life, including family interaction, family resources, parenting, and support for the child who is deaf. Implications for future research are discussed.
Staining similarity of Foot's and HIO4-Schiff technics.

A striking similarity is noted in the staining pictures of Foot's method for reticular tissue and the H104-Schiff technic. This raises the question of the type of chemical bonding involved in the two methods. It suggests that there is a carbohydrate or carbohydrate-type radical involved in the silver staining.
A new analysis of intrabeam scattering

Beginning with the Fokker-Planck equation we present a new analysis of intrabeam scattering (IBS) in electron storage rings. Our approach is distinguished by having no ill-defined Coulomb logarithm, a fundamental drawback of previous approaches. We treat the case of linear x/sub /spl beta//y/sub /spl beta// coupling in detail, deriving explicit expressions for the second moment invariants and their time evolution in the presence of IBS. We compare our results with those of Bjorken-Mtingwa, as well as with measurements performed at KEK's ATF damping ring. More details of our derivations will be published elsewhere.
Reconstructing self and society : Javanese Muslim women and the veil

The growing trend among young educated Javanese women to wear Islamic clothing ("veiling") challenges both local customs and Western ideals of modernity. An examination of the personal narratives of 20 Javanese women from Yogyakarta and Solo who adopted this practice suggests that for some Javanese Muslims the veil represents both self-reconstruction and the reconstruction of society through individual and collective self-discipline. These young womens motivations for veiling were simultaneously personal religious and political. Veiling signifies a new historical consciousness that deliberately dissociates itself from the past. The new Islamic movement conceptualizes modernization as reinvesting the secular spheres of life with religious content. During a period of modernization and rapid social change filled with conflicting messages about female social behavior veiling provides women with a sense of identity self-mastery and purpose. The narratives indicate that the social reconstruction process represented by veiling was accompanied by self-reconstruction at the personal level. Each respondent indicated that the decision to wear Islamic clothing had profoundly changed her feelings about herself and was experienced as a spiritual and psychological rebirth. Rather than being a sign of womens lack of autonomy in patriarchal societies veiling represented taking individual responsibility for ones actions often in the face of strenuous opposition from family members and husbands. The act of veiling thus merges personal and collective politics as a step toward constructing a new society guided by Islam.
PREPARING FOR AN AGE-DIVERSE WORKFORCE: INTERGENERATIONAL SERVICE-LEARNING IN SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY AND BUSINESS CURRICULA

Age diversity may well be the most conflict-ridden diversity issue of the early 21st century. With the impending age boom, institutions of higher education need to begin to prepare graduates in all disciplines to work in a multigenerational workforce. Younger graduates, as well as older workers returning to the classroom for retraining, need to know how to manage conflict in an age-diverse work environment. Project ALIGN (the Alabama Intergenerational Network for Service Learning) provides opportunities for students in business and the social sciences to work with older workers in a community-based training program. Data from a statewide survey of attitudes about workers at both ends of the career life cycle provided contextual information for this pilot project. Pre- and posttests of student attitudes provided data for project evaluation. Student attitudes were compared with results of the statewide survey and attitudes of older workers before participating in the project. Discussion in this article incl...
Translating Evidence-Based Falls Prevention into Clinical Practice in Nursing Facilities: Results and Lessons from a Quality Improvement Collaborative

Falls remain a major source of morbidity for nursing facility residents.1,2 Therefore, a substantial body of research has focused on fall reduction in this setting.3–10 Several randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated that multiple-risk-factor reduction can substantially reduce fall rates and prevent fractures. Risk factors addressed in these trials included environmental hazards, adaptive equipment maintenance, psychotropic drug use, physical therapy or exercise, staff education, postfall problem solving, and hip protectors. To implement the interventions, studies have provided on-site personnel and interdisciplinary consult teams.4,6,8–10 Translating these studies into effective clinical practice using existing nursing facility staff remains a challenge. The Resident Assessment Protocol for falls of the nursing home Resident Assessment Instrument was an early attempt to operationalize multiple-risk-factor reduction on a national scale, but an evaluation of falls rates before and after the introduction of the Resident Assessment Protocol in 1991 showed no change.11 Other attempts to promote multiple-risk-factor reduction in nursing facilities using pharmacy consultants and quality assurance training have had mixed results.12–14 In general, low levels of facility participation and nonsignificant changes in provider behavior have been reported. A widely used method for translating evidence from trials into clinical practice is the Quality Improvement Collaborative (QIC). Quality improvement teams from each facility participate in all-day learning sessions and teleconferences during which they meet with clinical experts, exchange ideas, and generate ‘‘enthusiasm and a shared sense of commitment.’’15–17 Between sessions, teams apply what they have learned by systematically testing small changes over time using ‘‘Plan-Do-Study-Act’’ cycles. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement has popularized the QIC method, and the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, the Veterans Health Administration, and the United Kingdom’s National Health Service have used it. However, recent studies have questioned the effectiveness of the QIC method and called for an improved evidence base for quality improvement initiatives.15,18 The current study reports the results of a statewide QIC focused on fall prevention in nursing facilities. The primary objective was to describe the changes in clinical practice resulting from QIC participation. As an exploratory analysis, it was desired to test whether facility fall rates were different in participating facilities than in nonparticipating facilities.
Bacterial Contamination of Blood Components

Blood for transfusion is a potential source of infection by a variety of known and unknown transmissible agents. Over the last 20 years, astounding reductions in the risk of viral infection via allogeneic blood have been achieved. As a result of this success, bacterial contamination of blood products has emerged as the greatest residual source of transfusion-transmitted disease. This paper summarizes the current status of detection, prevention, and elimination of bacteria in blood products for transfusion.
Street-level charity: Beggars, donors, and welfare policies

Begging is a phenomenon that has largely been ignored by scholars of the welfare state. This is surprising because the presence of beggars in a society tends to be interpreted as the welfare state's failure to adequately provide for its citizens. This paper examines the conditions under which we expect donors to actually give money to beggars at the street level. In particular, it offers a systematic theoretical framework for analyzing interactions between beggars and potential donors. We develop a game theoretic model where potential donors and beggars interact with one another in the context of a broader political environment. The contribution of our approach is twofold. First, it offers equilibria results on the strategic considerations that motivate begging practices. Second, it explains how social welfare policies at the macro-level can indirectly shape the parameters that structure these street-level equilibria.
Extracellular stimulation of mouse retinal ganglion cells with non-rectangular voltage-controlled waveforms

Neural prostheses rely upon electric stimulation to control neural activity. However, electrode corrosion and tissue damage may result from the injection of high charge densities. During electrical stimulation with traditional voltage-controlled square-wave pulses, the current density distribution on the surface of the stimulating electrode is highly nonuniform, with the highest current densities located at the edge of disk-shaped electrodes. Current density is implicated in tissue damage and electrode corrosion because it determines the charge density distribution. Through recent computer modeling work, we have found that Gaussian and sinusoidal stimulus waveforms produce a current density distribution that is significantly more uniform than the one produced by square-wave pulses. In this manner, these non-rectangular waveforms reduce the peak current densities without decreasing the efficacy of the neural stimulus. In the present work, we utilize an in vitro mouse retinal preparation to compare the same set of alternative stimulus waveforms. The -1V amplitude voltage-controlled stimuli were delivered through 20 µm diameter titanium nitride electrodes. Importantly, when normalized for the amount of injected charge, the data demonstrate that each waveform is similarly effective at eliciting a neural response. Also, the suprathreshold Gaussian and sinusoidal waveforms possessed much lower peaks in current. For this reason, these non-rectangular waveforms may be useful in reducing electrode corrosion and tissue damage.
Mechanical behavior of fine-grained Mg-6.5Li at elevated temperature

A Mg-6.5 wt. % Li alloy containing 80% hep alpha phase and 20% bcc beta phase was processed to achieve an average grain size of 5.9 μm. Strain-rate-change tests were performed in the temperature range from 398 K to 573 K. Two types of creep behavior were observed. A stress exponent of five, obtained at low temperatures and high stresses, is attributed to a diffusion-controlled dislocation creep process in the alpha matrix. A stress exponent of three, obtained at high temperatures and low stresses, is attributed to a solute-drag controlled dislocation creep process in the alpha matrix.
Pleiotropic Defects Caused by Loss of the Proteasome-Interacting Factors Rad23 and Rpn10 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rad23 is a member of a novel class of proteins that contain unprocessed ubiquitin-like (UbL) domains. We showed recently that a small fraction of Rad23 can form an interaction with the 26S proteasome. Similarly, a small fraction of Rpn10 is a component of the proteasome. Rpn10 can bind multiubiquitin chains in vitro , but genetic studies have not clarified its role in vivo. We report here that the loss of both Rad23 and Rpn10 results in pleiotropic defects that are not observed in either single mutant. rad23 Δ rpn10 Δ displays slow growth, cold sensitivity, and a pronounced G2/M phase delay, implicating overlapping roles for Rad23 and Rpn10. Although rad23 Δ rpn10 Δ displays similar sensitivity to DNA damage as a rad23 Δ single mutant, deletion of RAD23 in rpn10 Δ significantly increased sensitivity to canavanine, a phenotype associated with an rpn10 Δ single mutant. A mutant Rad23 that is unable to bind the proteasome ( ΔUbL rad23) does not suppress the canavanine or cold-sensitive defects of rad23 Δ rpn10 Δ, demonstrating that Rad23/proteasome interaction is related to these effects. Finally, the accumulation of multiubiquitinated proteins and the stabilization of a specific proteolytic substrate in rad23 Δ rpn10 Δ suggest that proteasome function is altered.
A New Walking Pattern SVM Technique for Five-Phase Motor Drives

As multi-phase motor drives become more popular and practical, new research in this area investigates potential advantages including lower torque ripple and better power density. The added dimensions of a multi-phase machine leads to a completely different operating nature than standard three-phase machines and merits research into new modulation methods. The five-phase and six-phase machines have been traditionally studied in the literature applying voltage-source modulation methods such as sine-triangle modulation and space- vector modulation for current harmonic elimination. Recent research of five-phase induction motor drives addressed nearest three vectors switching; which adds current harmonics but lowers torque ripple and considerably extends the drives voltage range. This paper introduces a new walking pattern SVM method which frees up the vector and sequence selection. The new method is demonstrated using detailed simulation and is shown to further reduce torque ripple.
Tolerance Induction after Organ Transplantation, “Delayed Tolerance,” Via the Mixed Chimerism Approach: Planting Flowers in a Battle Field

We have previously reported that peri-transplant conditioning leads to successful induction of renal allograft tolerance via the mixed chimerism approach in nonhuman primates (NHP) and humans. However, this strategy requires treatments beginning six days prior to transplantation, which limits its relevance only to living donor transplant recipients. To extend the clinical applicability of this approach, we developed a novel regimen “delayed tolerance,” with which the recipient initially undergoes organ transplantation with conventional immunosuppression, followed by conditioning and donor bone marrow transplantation (DBMT) at a later date. This approach might be likened to “planting flowers in a battle field.” That is, the recipient’s immunologic environment after organ transplantation is like a battlefield filled with hostile innate and adaptive immune-responses directed against donor antigeneic specificities. Implanting fragile donor hematopoietic progenitors into this environment and encouraging them to bloom in this vicious field requires special treatments. In our NHP studies recently published in The American Journal of Transplantation, we showed that such “delayed tolerance,” in fact, can be induced in NHP through the mixed chimerism approach, if specific modifications to overcome/avoid donor-specific memory T cell responses are provided. These modifications include adequate depletion of CD8 memory T cells and timing of donor bone marrow administration to minimize levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article addendum will provide a short summary of the original paper with our additional insights and interpretations.
Palaeoeskimo structures in the Okak region of Labrador

Les recherches archeologiques faites au Labrador septentrional durant les trente dernieres annees ont mis au jour de nombreuses structures d'habitations paleoesquimaudes avec des amenagements axiaux. Ces structures se retrouvent a la fois durant le Paleoesquimau ancien (Predorsetien et phase groswaterienne) et le Paleoesquimau recent (Dorsetien). Dans les structures de tentes du Paleoesquimau ancien, l'amenagement axial divise apparemment les activites selon le sexe des individus, alors que durant le Dorsetien, on ne retrouve pas ce type d'evidence. Cet article resume les donnees concernant les structures axiales paleoesquimaudes dans la region d'Okak au nord du Labrador.
Applications of Robust Distances for Regression

The DD plot, introduced by Rousseeuw and Van Driessen (1999), is a plot of classical vs robust Mahalanobis distances: MDi vs RDi. The DD plot can be used as a diagnostic for multivariate normality and elliptical symmetry, and to assess the success of numerical transformations towards elliptical symmetry. In the regression context, many procedures can be adversely aected if strong nonlinearities are present in the predictors. Even if strong nonlinearities are present, the robust distances can be used to help visualize important regression models such as generalized linear models.
Teaching About Sexual Orientation from a Community Context

ABSTRACT Gay men, lesbians, and bisexual persons constitute populations-at-risk due to discrimination and oppression directed toward them within American society. In learning to work with members of these populations social work students need an understanding of the meaning of communities for gay people. This article presents a framework for teaching about communities of place and identification as a part of the social environment of these individuals. A social systems perspective is used to explore community and organizational barriers to their full participation in the rights and benefits of society.
A circumscriptive theory for causal and evidential support

Reasoning about causality is an interesting application area of formal nonmonotonic theories. Here we focus our attention on a certain aspect of causal reasoning, namely causal asymmetry. In order to provide a qualitative account of causal asymmetry, we present a justification-based approach that uses circumscription to obtain the minimality of causes. We define the notion of causal and evidential support in terms of a justification change with respect to a circumscriptive theory and show how the definition provides desirable interactions between causal and evidential support.
On beams made of a phase-transforming material

This paper presents a theory for the mechanics of beams made of single crystals of shape memory alloys. The behavior of such beams can be quite unexpected and complicated due to the presence and propagation of phase boundaries. It is shown that the usual laws of mechanics do not fully determine the propagation of phase boundaries and that there is a need for additional constitutive information in the form of a kinetic relation. A simple experiment to measure this kinetic relation is proposed. Finally, a strategy to use such beams for propulsion at small scales is presented.
THE PLIGHT OF THE DISCONTENTED CONSUMER

This study represents an in-depth, empirical investigation of the consumer as he engages in what is being referred to in recent literature as ‘the consumer complaint process’ or ‘consumer complaining behaviour’. Using durable goods as a reference point, consumer efforts to seek redress for major complaints are examined to determine the variety and extent of the behaviour they made toward complaint resolution, and the ultimate results of their efforts. The findings of the study identify the kinds of goods associated with most complaining behaviour, and seem to be consistent with results found in other studies relating to such products. Less than half of those consumers having a major complaint take any kind of overt action to seek redress. However, if action is taken, successful complaint resolution is achieved by most. Males and those with college degrees are more prone to pursue complaints; however, there was no relationship of any of the demographic factors examined with the results of complaining behaviour. Out of the study come some important prescriptions for consumers, for business and industry, and for those who make public policy.