cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Issues Among Academic AMS Members: Comparisons with the 1993 Membership Survey

This is the publisher's version. It can also be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2538.1
Identification and Initial Functional Characterization of a Human Vascular Cell–Enriched Long Noncoding RNA

Objective— Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a rapidly growing class of RNA genes with functions related primarily to transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression. There is a paucity of information about lncRNA expression and function in human vascular cells. Thus, we set out to identify novel lncRNA genes in human vascular smooth muscle cells and to gain insight into their role in the control of smooth muscle cell phenotypes. Approach and Results— RNA sequencing of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells revealed 31 unannotated lncRNAs, including a vascular cell–enriched lncRNA (smooth muscle and endothelial cell–enriched migration/differentiation-associated long noncoding RNA [ SENCR ]). Strand-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends indicate that SENCR is transcribed antisense from the 5′ end of the FLI1 gene and exists as 2 splice variants. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and biochemical fractionation studies demonstrate SENCR is a cytoplasmic lncRNA. Consistent with this observation, knockdown studies reveal little to no cis -acting effect of SENCR on FLI1 or neighboring gene expression. RNA-sequencing experiments in smooth muscle cells after SENCR knockdown disclose decreased expression of Myocardin and numerous smooth muscle contractile genes, whereas several promigratory genes are increased. Reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting experiments validate several differentially expressed genes after SENCR knockdown. Loss-of-function studies in scratch wound and Boyden chamber assays support SENCR as an inhibitor of smooth muscle cell migration. Conclusions— SENCR is a new vascular cell–enriched, cytoplasmic lncRNA that seems to stabilize the smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype.
Hardware for in-flight fixation of plants in microgravity.

NASA-approved hardware was designed for an experiment involving in-flight fixation of 4.8-day-old seedlings of Brassica perviri-dis. The hardware is inexpensive, reliable, and simple to construct. This hardware aboard flight 61-C of space shuttle Columbia functioned perfectly, and required less than 0.5 hr of crew time for training. Analyses of cellular ultrastructure indicated excellent ultrastructural preservation.
New sampling theorems for MRA subspaces

The existing sampling theory for MRA subspaces is generalized to several more cases. We consider derivative sampling, multiband sampling and sampling of wide sense stationary (WSS) random processes. We also show that the synthesizing functions form a Riesz basis for the corresponding MRA subspace The case of wavelet subspaces is also considered.
Effect of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Nutritional Environment, Sex, and Mating Status on Response to Commercial Pheromone Traps

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the red flour beetle, is an important cosmopolitan pest of stored grains. Commercial traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal (DMD) are used to monitor T. castaneum population densities in storage facilities. However, trap catches may depend on several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this study, we explored the effects of beetle nutritional environment, sex, and mating status on the response of T. castaneum to commercial Storgard Dome traps. Beetles raised on a low-nutrition diet were 1.7 times more likely to enter DMD-baited traps compared with beetles that were raised on a high-nutrition diet. Although no sex difference in trap response was found, unmated beetles of both sexes were more responsive to DMD than were mated beetles, and this effect was especially pronounced for beetles reared on a low-nutrition diet. These results suggest that estimating T. castaneum population densities based on trap catches might be improved by incorporating information about the nutritional quality of infested stored products.
Expression of IGF-I in Liver

Insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) is a basic, 70 amino acid polypeptide with strong structural homologies to insulin. It has been shown to be critical in promoting skeletal growth during childhood and adolescence(Merimee et al., 1987) but available evidence suggests it is a multifunctional peptide hormone. It influences the differentiation of several cell types and can have insulin-like effects in certain circumstances. It is expressed in many tissues and in all probability exerts its growth-promoting and other effects by endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. In the last decade it has become evident that the liver is the primary source of circulating IGF-I in serum although the relative importance of serum-borne and locally synthesized IGF-I is not yet clear. In this essay, we will discuss the regulation of IGF-I expression in liver as it has been studied in various systems, including results from our own laboratory. A number of different models have been used to study hepatic IGF-I expression. These include:(1) In vivo models, principally hypophysectomized rats or the growth hormone(GH) deficient mouse strain C57BL lit/lit; (2) the isolated, perfused rat liver; (3) studies in organ culture; (4) primary hepatocyte cultures; and recently (5) studies employing transgenic mice.
Quality Reporting and Demand

This article reviews the economics of quality reporting and demand in the market for health care providers. A simple conceptual framework demonstrates both the positive and normative impact of quality reporting in the market. The role for uncertainty and insurance is then considered; two issues that further complicate patient choice in this market. The author then reviews some key conceptual and empirical conclusions on the impact of quality reporting on demand in the market for primary care physicians and specialists. In the case of the former, quality reporting is very challenging given the complexity of the job, jointness in production between patients and doctors, and the lack of agency in making choices. Subsequently, quality reporting seems unlikely to enhance welfare and, in some cases, such as web-based reporting on patient satisfaction, could distort incentives. The discussion of specialist choice focuses on the experience in the market for bypass surgery. Evidence suggests quality report cards have impacted demand significantly in the market. Generally the response is concentrated among a small share of patients and the response is convex in quality. There is also evidence that much of the change in quality has come from the response of the surgeons and hospitals supplying care, potentially through selection against sicker patients as well as through intrinsic motivation to improve. Finally, the results of quality reporting efforts in health care provider markets are compared to the experience in education. The market failures due to missing markets for information are similar in both markets as are the impacts of quality information on demand.
Effects of Freezing on the Coordination State and Ligand Orientation in Hemoproteins

Some spectroscopic and kinetic measurements of hemoproteins have been carried out in cryogenic temperatures in order to achieve a number of specific objectives such as trapping transient intermediates, retarding decay processes and electron/nuclear relaxation rates, controlling reaction rates, expanding a range of temperature, increasing signal-to-noise ratios of spectroscopic data, etc. It is generally assumed in these measurements that freezing would not adversely alter the sites and properties of interest. The absence of obvious changes in the frozen sample after thawing is sometimes taken as a proof that freezing has not irreversibly modified the protein. However, this does not exclude the possibility that a hemoprotein may be reversibly altered in frozen states due to the physical stress exerted by crystallized solvent water molecules. In addition, it is well known that pH and other physical properties of aqueous solutions could be significantly changed upon freezing1.
The Gyrovibrator

A new device for measuring angular rate is analyzed and its mechanical and electrical design features presented. Analytical proofs of three important characteristics of the instrument are given. These characteristics are: 1) a sinusoidally modulated-carrier voltage with the envelope representing the magnitude of the useful output signal; 2) zero drift as well as zero offset effects separated from the true output in the form of a dc quantity, and 3) a reference signal through which both the magnitude and the orientation of the input angular-velocity component in the plane of the spin are determined.
An Important Outbreak of Insects Infesting Soy Beans in Lower South Carolina

A severe outbreak of leaf devouring caterpillars occurred during the late summer and autumn of 1925 in fields of soy beans in the southern counties of South Carolina. The Otootan variety suffered much more than the other varieties of soy beans. Some other cultivated plants suffered to a less extent. The following lepidopterous species were conspicuous in the outbreak; velvet bean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatilis Hubner; Corn Ear Worm, Heliothis obsoleta Fabricus; Fall Army Worm, Laphygma frugiperda Smith and Abbott; Grass Worm, Goniurus proteus Linnaeus; and Prodenia sp. The losses caused, the plants attacked, and tests for control are discussed in this paper.
World Welfare Measurement as Social Action

The author sees the measurement of world welfare as social action because in the course of measurement our ideas of the world change, leading, hopefully, to the initiation of changes in the world itself. She is therefore interested in evolving indicators not for system states but for system processes, of which four form the core: participation (in the process of shaping the conditions of life), production (of food, goods, energy, information, and services), distribution (of all that is produced and the manner in which it is shared by the various sectors of society), and ‘nurturance’ (empathic, altruistic, caring responses that enhance human growth). There is a fifth Process, equally important (because it acts as a multiplier to other processes) but difficult to measure: the process of ‘joying’, which imports the dimension of expansiveness to all human acts.
Optimal Distribution of Near Infrared Sensors for Simultaneous Ultrasound and NIR Imaging

We have studied the optimal distribution of near infrared (NIR) sensors for the combined ultrasound and optical imaging. Since the combined imaging requires both ultrasound array and NIR sensors be deployed on the same probe for co-registration, the effects of missing optical sensors in the middle of the probe upon the accuracy of the reconstructed optical properties have been evaluated. The simulation results have shown that the accuracy of optical reconstruction can be achieved as long as the missing optical sensor area is less than 2 cm by 2 cm. The simulation results will be verified by experiments.
A microwave automatic vehicle identification system

A microwave system using the second harmonic reflection principle is being used as a basis for an automobile labeling system. This system is capable of accommodating over 100 million different codes and can read a vehicle passing at full speed from a distance of up to ten feet. Very loose tolerances for the interrogator-responder distance and orientation are required. Optical systems and loop in the roadway systems were considered but they do not appear to have the capability of identifying one in over 100 million vehicles moving at highway speeds. The only optical system that is known to have the capability is one designed to read RR cars but that system uses a label about 7" × 18", which is believed to be much too large for use on private cars. The microwave system to be described in this paper uses a label which in its initial design is 6" × 3" × 7/8". It is expected to be made even smaller in later designs. Systems operation and circuit design will be presented. This system is expected to have application to automatic billing at toll booths thus avoiding the long traffic delays that occur there at rush hours. It is also expected to aid in anti-hijacking operations and in the recovery of lost and stolen vehicles.
A QUAIDS Model of Need-Based Structure in U.S. Personal Consumption 2006–2012

Structure in personal consumption is conceptualized as arising from need-based consumer objectives in the use of goods and services and the organization in consumer heuristics that these objectives imply. As used here, structure is taken to suggest that goods are grouped together in consumer heuristics on criteria not exclusively predicted by their physical properties. A need-based structure in personal consumption is tested in the complementarity and substitution between goods evidenced in the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX). The historical two category discrimination in essentials and non-essentials is extended to represent a category of semi-essentials in which goods have both function and signal with approximately equivalent weights. Results from estimation of a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System over a study period following a structural break in the complete data series generally support the proposed structural differentiation of consumption goods and services.
Race/ethnicity and intention to quit cigarette smoking.

The study examined racial/ethnic differences in smokers' intentions to quit smoking within the next 6 months. The sample included 20,693 current non-occasional smokers in the U.S. who responded to the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. The rates of intention to quit within 1 month were significantly higher for non-Hispanic (NH) Black (21%; OR = 1.44, CI = 1.24–1.67) and Hispanic (21%; OR = 1.42, CI = 1.20–1.68) than for the NH Whites (NHW, 15%). The rates of intention to quit within 6 months were significantly higher for NH Blacks (46%; OR = 1.35, CI = 1.18–1.55) than for NH Whites (39%) and significantly lower for NH American Indians/Alaska Natives (38%; OR = 0.54, CI = 0.33–0.90) and NH Asians (39% OR = 0.55, CI = 0.35–0.86) than for NH multiracial (53%) smokers. Most disparities existed even after adjusting for smoking-related and sociodemographic factors. For most racial/ethnic groups, non-daily smoking and doctor's advice to quit were positively associated with the odds of intending to quit. For each racial/ethnic group, having a longer quit attempt in the past 12 months was positively associated with the odds of intending to quit. For NH Whites, NH Blacks, and Hispanics, the specific differences between racial/ethnic groups also depended on getting a doctor's advice, education, and survey mode. Although a smoker's intention to quit may not necessarily lead to immediate smoking cessation, the lack of intention may drastically delay smoking cessation. The study highlights the importance of accounting for racial/ethnic disparities when designing and implementing interventions to motivate smokers to quit and aid smoking cessation.
Management of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy

Employability, driving capacity, and many domains of health-related quality of life are reduced in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Moreover, once minimal HE is identified, more than 50% of patients develop overt HE within 30 months. Now that minimal HE has been shown to be associated with consequences, more studies are needed to assess the cost effectiveness to treat it. This article discusses the issues regarding diagnosis and management of minimal HE, now called "Covert HE."
Sacramental Existence and Embodied Theology in Buber’s Representation of Ḥasidism

Martin Buber denied consistently that he was a theologian because he repudiated abstract discourse about God. However, he did affirm that intersubjective events in the world express theological truth, even if that truth cannot be possessed or professed thereafter as noetic content. In this paper I introduce a concept of “embodied theology” to elucidate this nuance in Buber’s religious thought, and I show how his Ḥasidic writings shed unique light on these matters. Through hermeneutical investigations of his Ḥasidic tales vis-a-vis the original sources, I illuminate Buber’s conviction that genuine sages convey theological meaning through the very spiritual-corporeal dynamics of their lives—or what Buber calls their “sacramental existence.”
The Complete Solution Space for a System of Reaction-Diffusion Equations

We show how the generalized Morse theory as developed by C. Conley can be used in conjunction with analytic methods to determine the entire solution space of a particular system of reaction-diffusion equations.
“To Respond or not to Respond, that is the Question”: The Decision-Making Process of Providing Social Support to Distressed Posters on Facebook:

The aim of this study is to understand whether, why, and under what conditions young adults respond to distressed posts on social networking sites (SNSs). Semi-structured interviews with 27 partici...
Bio-inspired near infrared fluorescence sensors: from the ocean to the operating room (Conference Presentation)

Surgery is the primary curative option for patients with cancer, with the overall objective of complete resection of all cancerous tissue while avoiding iatrogenic damage to healthy tissue. Simultaneous imaging of weak fluorescence signals from multiple targeted molecular markers under bright surgical illumination is an unmet goal with current intra operating instrument. In this talk, I will describe our recent efforts in solving this intraoperative challenge by drawing inspiration from the visual system of the mantis shrimp – a compact biological system optimized for multispectral imaging. We have successfully designed, tested and clinically translated our bio-inspired imagers by monolithically integrating vertically stacked photodetectors with pixelated interference filters. The sensor is capable of recording color and NIR fluorescence from three different molecular markers and display this information using augmented reality goggles. The sensor resolution is 1280 by 720 and operates at 30 frames per second and has been used to simultaneously image tumor targeted dye IR800 and nerve targeted dye, Oxazine-4. Displaying this information in the operating room is a challenging feat. We have used variety of augmented reality displays and will provide overview of both pre-clinical and clinical translation of this technology.
Equilibrium in Combinatorial Public Projects

We study simple item bidding mechanisms for the combinatorial public project problem and explore their efficiency guarantees in various well-known solution concepts. We first study sequential mechanisms where each agent, in sequence, reports her bid for every item in a predefined order on the agents determined by the mechanism. We show that if agents' valuations are unit-demand any subgame perfect equilibrium of a sequential mechanism achieves the optimal social welfare. For the simultaneous bidding equivalent of the above auction we show that for any class of bidder valuations, all Strong Nash Equilibria achieve at least a Ologn factor of the optimal social welfare. For Pure Nash Equilibria we show that the worst-case loss in efficiency is proportional to the number of agents. For public projects in which only one item is selected we show constructively that there always exists a Pure Nash Equilibrium that guarantees at least $\frac{1}{2}1-\frac{1}{n}$ of the optimum. We also show efficiency bounds for Correlated Equilibria and Bayes-Nash Equilibria, via the recent smooth mechanism framework [26].
Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent Immune Complex Activation of B Cells and Dendritic Cells

High titers of autoantibodies reactive with DNA/RNA molecular complexes are characteristic of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In vitro and in vivo studies have implicated the endosomal Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in the activation of the corresponding autoantibody producing B cells. Importantly, TLR9/TLR7-deficiency results in the inability of autoreactive B cells to proliferate in response to DNA/RNA-associated autoantigens in vitro, and in marked changes in the autoantibody repertoire of autoimmune-prone mice. Uptake of DNA/RNA-associated autoantigen immune complexes (ICs) also leads to activation of dendritic cells (DCs) through TLR9 and TLR7. The initial studies from our lab involved ICs formed by a mixture of autoantibodies and cell debris released from dying cells in culture. To better understand the nature of the mammalian ligands that can effectively activate TLR7 and TLR9, we have developed a methodology for preparing ICs containing defined DNA fragments that recapitulate the immunostimulatory activity of the previous "black box" ICs. As the endosomal TLR7 and TLR9 function optimally from intracellular acidic compartments, we developed a facile methodology to monitor the trafficking of defined DNA ICs by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. These reagents reveal an important role for nucleic acid sequence, even when the ligand is mammalian DNA and will help illuminate the role of IC trafficking in the response.
Endoscopic Surgery for Skull Base Meningiomas

Endoscopic surgery within the paranasal sinuses began in the early 1900s, however Gerald Guiot was the first neurosurgeon to apply endoscopy during a transsphenoidal approach performed in 1963 [2, 10]. The development of rod lens systems by Harold Hopkins greatly accelerated the introduction of endoscopes into the operating room [8]. By the late 1970s, several neurosurgeons had reported on the endoscope as an adjunctive tool during microscopic resection of pituitary lesions with extrasellar extension [1, 4, 7, 9]. Yet, the endoscope did not outgrow its peripheral role in neurosurgery until the early 1990s when Jankowski and colleagues first described pure endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches to the sella [12]. More recently, Paulo Cappabianca and Luigi Cavallo have helped lead the popularization of a purely endoscopic transsphenoidal approach [3]. A critical point in the history of endonasal surgery has been the recent introduction of vascularized nasoseptal flaps for reconstruction. The nasoseptal flap has greatly reduced the morbidity of endoscopic skull base surgery and has made the endonasal resection of extrasellar skull base tumors, such as meningiomas, feasible [11, 16].
Creating an Organizationally Embedded Strategic Communication Plan for Libraries

This is the first in a series of articles appearing in Library Leadership & Management that provides library leaders with an outline for creating a sustainable and consistent communication plan across all platforms and venues. Going beyond traditional marketing and branding, this series suggests a comprehensive approach to communication - both to people and to the computer networks that people use – for everyday communication, for disaster planning, and for the library’s strategic endeavors. There are many elements that can communicate and convey a library’s identity and values – social media posts, budget structures, library guides, strategic plans, etc. A coordinated and strategic plan for communication and outreach will strengthen your library’s value by creating a common experience and understanding by your library community, including library patrons, boards, administrators, and donors as well as internet search engines, social media networks, and their users. This plan will keep the library focused on objectives from the strategic plan and not straying beyond the plan, which could otherwise drain resources from what is trying to be achieved. This first article outlines the purpose and development of a library’s values, mission, and vision statements, a strategic plan, a communication plan, and the embedding of that plan in organizational culture. Subsequent articles explore offshoots of this communication including budgeting message and presentation, social media strategies, and search engine optimization and semantic web identity.
The association of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease risk: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that periodontal disease (PD) is associated with a significant increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of known confounders. PD is a chronic oral disease with significant variation in prevalence demonstrated among Hispanic/Latino subgroups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between PD and CVD risk and variations with sex, age, and Hispanic/Latino background. METHODS The sample included 7379 participants aged 30 to 74 years, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008 to 2011). We assessed CVD risk by the Framingham 10-year general CVD risk score (FGRS). PD severity classification was based on calibrated measurements of gingival recession and probing depth. Multivariable sequential linear models for complex sample design assessed FGRS by PD severity, Hispanic/Latino background, and covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate and severe PD combined was 46%. For women and men with severe PD, the combined prevalence of moderate and high CVD risk was 44% and 85%, respectively. The FGRS observed for women (5.1% [95% CI: 4.1%, 6.0%], p < 0.001) and men 10.8% (95% CI [9.2%, 12.3%], p < 0.001) with severe PD were 56% and 134% greater than those without PD, respectively. Dominican women and men with moderate or severe PD, aged 60 to 69 years, exhibited the greatest CVD risks (FGRS = 15.1%, 95% CI [7.8%, 22.5%]) and (FGRS = 40.2%, 95% CI [30.2%, 50.3%]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and severe PD were associated with significant CVD risk with marked sex disparity and heterogeneity by Hispanic/Latino background.
Collagen Remodeling in the Hypoxic Tumor-Mesothelial Niche Promotes Ovarian Cancer Metastasis.

Peritoneal metastases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Accumulating evidence suggests that mesothelial cells are an important component of the metastatic microenvironment in HGSOC. However, the mechanisms by which mesothelial cells promote metastasis are unclear. Here we report that the HGSOC tumor-mesothelial niche was hypoxic and hypoxic signaling enhanced collagen I deposition by mesothelial cells. Specifically, hypoxic signaling increased expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in mesothelial and ovarian cancer cells to promote collagen crosslinking and tumor cell invasion. The mesothelial niche was enriched with fibrillar collagen in human and murine omental metastases. Pharmacologic inhibition of LOX reduced tumor burden and collagen remodeling in murine omental metastases. These findings highlight an important role for hypoxia and mesothelial cells in the modification of the extracellular matrix and tumor invasion in HGSOC.
Abstract WP322: The Use of a Dysphagia-gastrostomy-palliative Care Algorithm Increases Involvement of the Palliative Care Service

Dysphagia is one of the most common reasons for a gastrostomy tube (GT) placement as a means of chronic nutrition as the patient transitions to rehabilitation. Discussion regarding artificial nutri...
Association of lipoprotein subfractions and glycoprotein acetylation with coronary plaque burden in SLE

Objective Subjects with SLE display an enhanced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is not explained by Framingham risk. This study sought to investigate the utility of nuclear MR (NMR) spectroscopy measurements of serum lipoprotein particle counts and size and glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) burden to predict coronary atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods Coronary plaque burden was assessed in SLE subjects and healthy controls using coronary CT angiography. Lipoproteins and GlycA were quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Results SLE subjects displayed statistically significant decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle counts and increased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts compared with controls. Non-calcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) negatively associated with HDL subsets whereas it positively associated with VLDL particle counts in multivariate adjusted models. GlycA was significantly increased in SLE sera compared with controls. In contrast to high-sensitivity C reactive protein, elevations in GlycA in SLE significantly associated with NCB and insulin resistance (IR), though the association with NCB was no longer significant after adjusting for prednisone use. Conclusions Patients with SLE display a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile that may significantly contribute to the development of premature CVD. The results demonstrate that NMR measures of GlycA and lipoprotein profiles, beyond what is captured in routine clinical labs, could be a useful tool in assessing CVD risk in patients with SLE.
Commissural axon guidance in the developing spinal cord: from Cajal to the present day

During neuronal development, the formation of neural circuits requires developing axons to traverse a diverse cellular and molecular environment to establish synaptic contacts with the appropriate postsynaptic partners. Essential to this process is the ability of developing axons to navigate guidance molecules presented by specialized populations of cells. These cells partition the distance traveled by growing axons into shorter intervals by serving as intermediate targets, orchestrating the arrival and departure of axons by providing attractive and repulsive guidance cues. The floor plate in the central nervous system (CNS) is a critical intermediate target during neuronal development, required for the extension of commissural axons across the ventral midline. In this review, we begin by giving a historical overview of the ventral commissure and the evolutionary purpose of decussation. We then review the axon guidance studies that have revealed a diverse assortment of midline guidance cues, as well as genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms required for coordinating the commissural axon response to these cues. Finally, we examine the contribution of dysfunctional axon guidance to neurological diseases.
Where is religion in political ecology

Political ecology has grown rapidly over the past four decades, incorporating insights from wide-ranging swaths of the academy. One topic it has not yet substantively engaged with, however, is reli...
Heterotopic Cardiac Transplantation: Long-term Results and Fate of the Native Heart.

Background The long-term results of heterotopic cardiac transplantation have not been well defined. Patient survival rates and the fate of the native heart remain unclear. Methods This study is a retrospective review of all 46 heterotopic cardiac transplantations performed at a single institution, the Texas Heart Institute in Houston, Texas, between 1982 and 2017. Four patients who underwent heterotopic transplantation as an emergency procedure for cardiogenic shock were excluded. Three of the procedures were repeat transplantations in patients who had previously undergone heterotopic transplantation; the 3 repeat transplantations were excluded, but the original procedures were not. Follow-up was 100% complete for mortality and 77% complete (30 of 39 patients) for assessment of preoperative indication for surgery and postoperative cardiac function. Results For the 39 patients, the 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates were 69%, 36%, and 21%, respectively. One patient remains alive 25 years after the transplantation procedure. The most frequent indication for heterotopic transplantation was pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 4 Wood units (n = 11), followed by weight greater than 112.5 kg (n = 7). In most patients, native heart left ventricular ejection fraction stabilized over time to between 10% and 30%. Sinus rhythm was preserved in 87% (26 of 30) of native hearts at long-term follow-up. Conclusions Heterotopic cardiac transplantation is an acceptable procedure that should be considered for obese patients (especially those heavier than 112.5 kg) and patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (especially those with pulmonary vascular resistance >4.0 Wood units). After heterotopic transplantation, native cardiac function appears to stabilize, and there is potential for native heart recovery.
Perception and Cognition

A substantial amount of research on political behavior is grounded in theories of perception and cognition. However, the misguided or incomplete application of basic principles of perception and cognition has produced confusion in a number of key assumptions, measures, and concepts pertaining to political behavior. Some ambiguity in the formulation of complex behavioral problems is to be expected, but confusions that are caused by problematical assumptions, unreliable measures, and vague concepts can be resolved in fairly straightforward ways.
"Otter this world": can a mobile application promote children's connectedness to nature?

Can a mobile application encourage children to spend more time outdoors and promote their connectedness to nature? In this paper, we present results from a three-week experimental deployment study of NatureCollections, a mobile application that allows users to build, curate, and share nature photo collections. Twenty-eight children (aged 9-12) and their parents participated in the study; 15 used the NatureCollections app, and 13 used a basic Photo app. We found that the NatureCollections app significantly increased the time children spent outdoors compared to the Photo app. Children in both groups said they felt happy and excited about spending time in nature. However, children in the NatureCollections group reported that time spent outside with the app increased their curiosity about the types of species and plants they saw and photographed. Children in the NatureCollections group also engaged in nature-based conversations with their parents, and even sought to look up information online about the plants and animals they observed. In contrast, children in the basic Photo app group did not display this level of curiosity about what they saw in nature, and the photos they took were driven largely by the aesthetic qualities of nature elements. Our results suggest that NatureCollections promotes and supports children's connectedness to nature.
Sleep tight and wake-up early: Nocturnal transpiration traits to increase wheat drought tolerance in a Mediterranean environment

In wheat, night-time transpiration rate (TRN) could amount to 14-55% of daytime transpiration rate (TR), depending on the cultivar and environment. Recent evidence suggests that TRN is much less responsive to soil drying than daytime TR, and that such 'wasteful' water losses would increase the impact of drought on yields. In contrast, other evidence indicates that pre-dawn, circadian increases in TRN may enable enhanced radiation use efficiency, resulting in increased productivity under water deficit. Until now, there have been no attempts to evaluate these seemingly conflicting hypotheses in terms of their impact on yields in any crop. Here, using the Mediterranean environment of Tunisia as a case study, we undertook a simulation modelling approach using SSM-Wheat to evaluate yield outcomes resulting from these TRN trait modifications. TRN represented 15% of daytime TR-generated yield penalties of up to 20%, and these worsened when TRN was not sensitive to soil drying TR. For the same TRN level (15%), simulating a predawn increase in TRN alleviated yield penalties, leading to yield gains of up to 25%. Overall, this work suggests that decreasing TRN but increasing pre-dawn circadian control would be a viable breeding target to increase drought tolerance in a Mediterranean environment.
Electron Donor Effects on Bacterial Surface Sulfhydryl Site Concentrations

In this study, we examined two effects on bacterial surface sulfhydryl site concentrations and distributions: (1) the effect of glucose concentration on the distribution of sulfhydryl sites between...
Extended duration infusion of high-dose hydroxocobalamin for vasoplegic syndrome following cardiac surgery

Abstract Vasoplegic syndrome occurs in 8% to 12% of cases that use cardiopulmonary bypass and carries a high mortality. Although the precise cause of this shock state has yet to determined, it is postulated to be related to abnormal nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilatation of vascular smooth muscle resulting in arterial and venous vasodilatation. Since its first report in 2014, the off-label use of hydroxocobalmin as a rescue therapy for the treatment of refractory vasodilatory shock has gained attention with a mechanism thought to be primarily mediated by the scavenge, binding to, and prevention of the formation of NO. Importantly, no dose-finding study of hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of vasoplegic shock has been published. Consequently, dosing is extrapolated from the treatment of cyanide toxicity (5 g administered by intravenous infusion over 15 min) and the hemodynamic improvement only appears to persist for a few hours when administered as a bolus. Herein we describe twelve patients with vasoplegic shock following cardiac surgery that received an extended duration infusion of hydroxocobalamin administered over a median of 6 h and illustrate the rapidity and durability of the hemodynamic response encountered.
Acceptability of constraint induced movement therapy: influence of perceived difficulty and expected treatment outcome.

Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) Therapy has evidence of efficaciously rehabilitating upper-extremity hemiparesis after stroke. Yet, it is not widely used in the United States. One barrier appears ...
Siponimod associated macular edema in a patient with multiple sclerosis

Abstract Background The selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P1,5) modulator siponimod has largely replaced the older and non-selective fingolimod as a treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis due to its improved side effect profile. Initial clinical trials demonstrated no cases of macular edema in patients taking siponimod, but several cases were later noted in the EXPAND trial. Case Presentation Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old woman with MS on siponimod who developed macular edema three months after initiating treatment that resolved with cessation of siponimod and use of topical anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusions Neurologists should be aware that like fingolimod, Siponimod can cause macular edema, particularly in those with a history of diabetes and uveitis. Physicians should therefore consider sending their high-risk patients for eye exams within 4 months of initiating treatment.
Envoi I: Visual Language for Value Sensitive Design Theory

Daisy Yoo, while a senior PhD candidate in the University of Washington Value Sensitive Design Lab working with Batya Friedman and David Hendry, developed the visual language for the theoretical constructs found in chapter 2. The idea for a visual language was inspired in part by Paul Klee's (1925) Pedagogical Sketchbook.
A Universal Design Framework for Addressing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion on Postsecondary Campuses

The pivot toward online courses and services as a result of the pandemic amplified weaknesses in an accommodation approach to making offerings accessible to students with disabilities. This article elaborates on how a universal design approach can more effectively reach equity goals with respect to students with disabilities.
The role of the epididymis in the protection of spermatozoa.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and function of the epididymis, including the formation of a luminal fluid microenvironment, sperm maturation, and sperm transport. It discusses specifically on the manner, by which the epididymis protects the maturing spermatozoa. Spermatozoa leave the testis neither fully motile nor able to recognize or fertilize an egg, but must traverse a long duct, the epididymis, to acquire these abilities. These transformations of the spermatozoa are collectively referred to as sperm maturation. Even though sperm have developed the ability for motility and to fertilize, they still need to undergo a further maturation step in the female reproductive tract before they achieve their full fertilization potential. In addition, to the numerous changes that the maturing spermatozoa are undergoing during their transit along the epididymal duct, the epididymis also protect spermatozoa from the external environment. The epididymis is an androgen-dependent organ, where many aspects of the epididyma1 function, including the processes of sperm maturation and storage require the presence of androgens.
Identifying no growth years in the US economy: Using increases in crude oil prices

Abstract Economic recessions traceable to oil price shocks are not a new phenomenon. There have been nine years since 1947 when US crude oil prices (at the well head) increased by 5% or more on a year-to-year basis and the Commerce Department's revised index of 11 leading economic indicators declined by at least 1% on a December-to-December basis. Every one of those years (including 1990) was followed by a near zero or negative growth rate for real GNP expressed in 1982 dollars in the following year.
Chapter 1 Calcium and evolutionary aspects of aging

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the calcium and evolutionary aspects of aging. It proposes a “calcium hypothesis of aging” in which calcium functions to control lifespan in concert with other key systems, particularly those involved in oxyradical and energy metabolism. Evidence supporting major roles for perturbed cellular calcium homeostasis in age-related dysfunction of various cell types, and major diseases that determine lifespan is considerable and solid. The evolution of calcium regulating systems and their roles in mediating adaptive responses of cells to the environmental demands that drove evolution are discussed. The aging and death of individuals is beneficial for the survival of a species because it reduces resource (food) depletion and allows accelerated turnover of the gene pool, thereby increasing the probability of mutations that provide an adaptive advantage to the species. By regulating the cellular cytoskeleton, calcium controls such fundamental processes as cell division and motility, and plays a critical role in the evolution of processes of reproduction and food acquisition. In higher and more complex organisms, calcium plays intricate roles in highly specific behaviors of the organism by the virtue of its fundamental roles in regulating synaptic transmission in the nervous system.
Synthesis and Activity in Ring-Closing Metathesis of Phosphine and NHC-Containing Ruthenium–Indenylidene (Bis)Pyridine Complexes

The reactions of Cl-2-Ru-(3-phenylindenylidene) complexes with excess pyridine lead to new ruthenium (Ru)-based bis(pyridine) adducts in good yield. These thermally robust catalysts have been tested in ring-closing metathesis (RCM). In spite of promising initiation rates, only moderate to good activities have been observed in kinetic studies on several substrates.
Redesign on a dime: Resuscitating a stalled nursing simulation program on a zero budget

Abstract An associate degree nursing program developed a simulation education program with existing equipment, space, and supplies. Faculty collaborated to establish an academically safe environment, set expectations, and incorporate simulation into the curriculum without incurring any additional expenses for the program. After implementing the new program for 2 semesters, manikin usage logs documented more than 435 student simulation hours, and students returned overwhelmingly positive feedback from evaluation of simulation instruction surveys.
A study of fourth degree perineal lacerations and their sequelae

Abstract One hundred thirty-four cases of fourth degree perineal lacerations, with follow-up on 126, have been studied. These occurred in 9,757 vaginal deliveries at the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, an incidence of 1.73. Of these, 88 per cent occurred in primigravidas; 96 per cent of the patients had forceps deliveries and 100 per cent had median episiotomies. Prophylactic antibiotics, special diets, and laxatives were used sparingly and seemed to follow the whim of the obstetrician rather than any pattern of indication. Seven complications are encountered, 4 of which were related to the laceration. There were 2 rectovaginal fistulas, one occurring early the other late. The late fistula healed spontaneously in 4 months but there was no follow-up on the early fistula. There were 2 rectal hemorrhages from the site of laceration. Both were controlled by suture through the rectum.
Feminist Research as Journey (or, Like, Whatever?)

The question of who does language change has existed in the field of linguistics for decades. When does linguistic change occur? Who chooses when a new word becomes relevant and how does this happen? This essay investigates these questions through a feminist lens, adapting tools from both feminist linguistic study as well as feminist rhetorical theory and historiography. Rather than pinning down an answer, the essay attempts to follow the trajectory of the research itself, observing how perspectives can shift drastically depending on one’s method of inquiry. By using both primary archival material as well as contemporary case studies, the essay also investigates how a collaboration between current feminist approaches can bring a more holistic view to past, present, and future research.
Medicine on the Internet.

The Internet, to many, is a mystery. People often have 3 questions about it: Who runs it? How big is it? Who's paying for it? In this paper, I provide some basic information about the Internet and focus on medical uses of this technology.
Physiological Adaptation of Kentucky Bluegrass to Localized Soil Drying

This study was designed to investigate effects of surface soil drying (SD) on water relations, gas exchange, growth characteristics, and abscisic add (ABA) content of leaves and roots for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and to examine whether physiological adaptation to SD is associated with hydraulic or chemical regulation. 'Award' and 'Nuglade' were subjected to three soil moisture treatments in a growth chamber (i) well-watered control; (ii) SD (0-20 cm); and (iii) full soil profile (0-40 cm) drying (FD). Under SD, turf quality (TQ), relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, and cell membrane stability remained the same as the controls, but stomatal conductance (g,) declined by 35 and 45%, and shoot growth rates were reduced by 50 and 40% for Award and Nuglade, respectively. Root DW decreased in 0- to 20-cm dry soil, but increased compared with controls in the 20- to 40-cm wet soil under SD. The ABA content increased by four to sixfold in roots at 0- to 20-cm drying soil and did not change in the 20- to 40-cm wet soil under SD conditions. The ABA content was also higher in leaves of SD plants. The results suggested Kentucky bluegrass adapted to localized soil drying by maintaining TQ, photosynthesis, leaf water status (WS), and root growth using water in the deeper soil profile. Decline in g, and shoot growth was independent of leaf WS, and could be hormonally controlled, which could help maintain favorable WS in leaves by reducing water loss under SD conditions.