cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis for Elastic Full-Waveform Inversion in VTI Media

Multiparameter full-waveform inversion (FWI) is generally nonunique, and the results are strongly influenced by the geometry of the experiment and the type of recorded data. Studying the sensitivity of different subsets of data to the model parameters may help in choosing an optimal acquisition design, inversion workflow, and parameterization. Here, we derive the Frechet kernel for FWI of multicomponent data from a 2D VTI (tranversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) medium. The kernel is obtained by linearizing the elastic wave equation using the Born approximation and employing the asymptotic Green’s function. The amplitude of the kernel (‘radiation pattern’) yields the angle-dependent energy scattered by a perturbation in a certain model parameter. The perturbations are described in terms of the Pand S-wave vertical velocities and the P-wave normal-moveout and horizontal velocities. The background medium is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic, which allows us to obtain simple expressions for the radiation patterns corresonding to all four velocities. These patterns help explain the FWI results for multicomponent transmission data generated for Gaussian anomalies in the Thomsen parameters inserted into a homogeneous VTI medium.
Evaluation of potentially achievable vaccination coverage with simultaneous administration of vaccines among children in the United States.

Background Routine administration of all age-appropriate doses of vaccines during the same visit is recommended for children by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Methods Evaluate the potentially achievable vaccination coverage for ≥4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (4+DTaP), ≥4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (4+PCV), and the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib-FS) with simultaneous administration of all recommended childhood vaccines. Compare the potentially achievable vaccination coverage to the reported vaccination coverage for calendar years 2001 through 2013; by state in the United States and by selected socio-demographic factors in 2013. The potentially achievable vaccination coverage was defined as the coverage possible for the recommended 4+DTaP, 4+PCV, and Hib-FS if missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of all age-appropriate doses of vaccines for children had been eliminated. Results Compared to the reported vaccination coverage, the potentially achievable vaccination coverage for 4+DTaP, 4+PCV, and Hib-FS could have increased significantly (P < 0.001), the vaccination coverage would have achieved the 90% target of Healthy People 2020 for the three vaccines beginning in 2005, 2008, and 2011 respectively. In 2013, the potentially achievable vaccination coverage increased significantly across all selected socio-demographic factors, potentially achievable vaccination coverage would have reached the 90% target for more than 51% of the states in the United States. Conclusions The findings in this study suggest that fully utilization of all opportunities for simultaneous administration of all age-eligible childhood doses of vaccines during the same vaccination visit is a critical strategy for achieving the vaccination coverage target of Healthy People 2020. Encouraging providers to deliver all recommended vaccines that are due at each visit by implementing client reminder and recall systems might decrease missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of childhood vaccines.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Heat Shock Gene Expression

Heat shock proteins were initially described as the predominant proteins expressed immediately after a thermal stress. These ubiquitously expressed proteins function as molecular chaperones; they aid in the folding, subcellular translocation, and assembly of other proteins. Although most of these proteins are expressed constitutively, enhanced expression, induced by stress or genetic manipulations, can reduce subsequent cellular injury in many cell types, including neurons and glia. Further understanding of how the expression of these proteins is controlled in the nervous system, and how they can be manipulated to attenuate injury, could provide therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders.
Does the public want mini-publics? Voter responses to the Citizens’ Initiative Review:

Deliberative democratic theory has proposed the use of mini-publics to discern a more reflective public opinion, which can then be conveyed to policymakers or back to the wider public. In 2009, the...
Every Librarian a Leader: Student retention and academic libraries

Cet article traite de la responsabilite et du role du bibliothecaire quant a l'assistance des eleves pour qu'ils atteignent leurs buts. Le partenariat entre l'universite et les etudiants a l'University of Illinois at Chicago est etudie. Apres une etude du role de la bibliotheque universitaire et du bibliothecaire, la necesite de rassembler des donnees sur la population estudiantine est presentee, et enfin, le developpement de l'implication des bibliothecaires dans les programmes scolaires est souligne
Multiple Meningiomas in a Child

The unusual case of a 4-yr, 5-mo-old boy with multiple meningiomas without neurofibromatosis is reported from the Children’s Memorial Hospital and Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
Novel roles for PKD genes in the reproductive tract and in stromal cells of the kidney

A dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD) is a very common genetic disease, affecting up to 1 in 500 people. Many affected individuals progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by the fifth to sixth decade of life. Mutations in the Pkd1 gene account for over 85% of ADPKD cases, while the Pkd2 gene is believed responsible for the remainder. Despite this well-established genetic basis, current mouse models do not adequately explain the clinical progress or reveal underlying pathogenic mechanisms in human ADPKD. Many of these models have been used as the basis for developing therapeutic strategies that have failed to produce results in subsequent clinical trials. We have used novel approaches to investigate the renal and reproductive tract abnormalities in mice, opening new avenues for understanding PKD and its associated morbidities. Infertility and reproductive tract abnormalities in male ADPKD patients are very common and have higher incidence than in the general population. In mouse models we developed, we identified novel defects in the reproductive tract that could form the basis for some of these issues. In addition, a mouse model targeting Pkd1 gene deletion in the stromal cells of the kidney offered a more faithful reproduction of human ADPKD than currently available models. In particular, these mice are being used to investigate the hypothesis that a “third hit” occurs during childhood or early adulthood leading to faster, more vigorous or larger cyst development and greater risk of progression to ESRD. The study of ADPKD has stagnated due to a lack of models that reproduce the human condition for understanding pathogenesis, progression, and targeting therapies. These models may provide new mechanistic understanding of ADPKD and hold promise as a foundation for new therapeutic strategies.
Characterization of liquid absorption and emission spectra using linear variable filters integrated with a CMOS camera

A compact analysis platform for detecting liquid absorption and emission spectra using a set of linear variable filters atop a CMOS image sensor is presented to cover wide spectral ranges and provide low detection limits.
State of Harmonization of 24 Serum Albumin Measurement Procedures and Implications for Medical Decisions.

BACKGROUND: Measurements of serum and plasma albumin are widely used in medicine, including as indicators of quality of patient care in renal dialysis centers. METHODS: Pools were prepared from residual patient serum (n = 50) and heparin plasma (n = 48) from patients without renal disease, and serum from patients with kidney failure before hemodialysis (n = 53). Albumin was measured in all samples and in ERM-DA470k/IFCC reference material (RM) by 3 immunochemical, 9 bromcresol green (BCG), and 12 bromcresol purple (BCP) methods. RESULTS: Two of 3 immunochemical procedures, 5 of 9 BCG, and 10 of 12 BCP methods recovered the RM value within its uncertainty. One immunochemical and 3 BCG methods were biased vs the RM value. Random error components were small for all measurement procedures. The Tina-quant immunochemical method was chosen as the reference measurement procedure based on recovery and results of error analyses. Mean biases for BCG vs Tina-quant were 1.5% to 13.9% and were larger at lower albumin concentrations. BCP methods9 mean biases were −5.4% to 1.2% irrespective of albumin concentration. Biases for plasma samples were generally higher than for serum samples for all method types. For most measurement procedures, biases were lower for serum from patients on hemodialysis vs patients without kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences among immunochemical, BCG, and BCP methods compromise interpretation of serum albumin results. Guidelines and calculations for clinical management of kidney and other diseases must consider the method used for albumin measurement until harmonization can be achieved.
On the Stability of a Cr + C Phase on (100) 3C SiC at Elevated Temperatures

The reaction of Cr thin films with the (100) surface of 3C SiC as a function of surface carbon concentration and sample temperature is discussed. Previous work [1] has shown that a carbon-rich TiC phase remains stable on a (100) 3C SiC surface for more than 100 hours at 800°C, whereas a Ti-rich TiC phase rapidly attacks the SiC after a few seconds at about 500°C. Further, in an earlier study [2] it was shown that Cr reacts with the (100) 3C SiC surface only after the surface has been damaged by ion bombardment. These results suggest that the Cr carbide phase may form a stable phase on SiC which would not attack the substrate in the absence of sufficient carbon, as occurs with Ti. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to characterize the surface region from before deposition of Cr to after long time annealing. The results will be discussed in terms of the potential of the Cr + C phase as an electrical contact or diffusion barrier at temperatures in excess of 600°C.
Data needs and spatial structure considerations in stock assessments with regional differences in recruitment and exploitation

This study uses a simulation experiment to demonstrate that bias in estimates of spawning biomass is influenced by the spatial configuration of a stock assessment model, whether survey data are used, and whether an environmental index is available to inform the spatial distribution of recruitment. Stocks with limited movement of post-settlement fish may be spatially structured due to environmental forces that affect larval dispersal and recruitment distribution or from non-uniform spatial exploitation. Data are frequently aggregated across space in stock assessments, thus disregarding this complex spatial structure and possibly introducing bias into estimates of stock status. An operating model (OM) is created which simulates data that are used in a set of estimation models to assess bias. The following experimental factors are considered: (a) using survey data and environmental indices in the assessment; (b) using disaggregated data (two regions, as generated by the OM) or aggregated data (one region); a...
Do the Hard Things First: A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Exemplar Selection on Generalization Following Therapy for Grammatical Morphology

Purpose Complexity-based approaches to treatment have been gaining popularity in domains such as phonology and aphasia but have not yet been tested in child morphological acquisition. In this study...
A single institution experience for the management of recurrent pleural effusions with tunneled pleural catheter and its evolution

Background:Indwelling tunneled pleural catheters (TPCs) are increasingly being used to treat recurrent pleural effusions. There is also an increased interest in early pleurodesis in order to prevent infectious complications. We studied the time to removal and other outcomes for all the TPCs placed at our institution.Methods:After institutional review board approval, records of patients who had had a TPC placed between July 2009 and June 2016 were reviewed; the catheters were placed in an endoscopy suite or during pleuroscopy with or without a sclerosant. The catheters were drained daily or less frequently and were removed after three drainages of less than 50 ml.Results:During the study period 193 TPCs were placed. Of these 45 (23%) were placed for benign diseases. The commonest malignancy was lung cancer 70 (36%). Drainage 2–3 times a week without a sclerosant (n = 100) lead to pleurodesis at 57 ± 78 days, while daily drainage after TPC + pleuroscopy + talc (n = 41) achieved the same result in 14 ± 8 day...
Teaching Students About Women and Mathematics: An Interview with Two Course Designers

Women in mathematics have made great strides during the last 100+ years. During this same period, educators, historians, and mathematicians have publicized the accomplishments of some of these women in order to provide role models to show that women can and do succeed in mathematics. As a part of this effort, faculty began offering entire courses on women and mathematics at the college level. In this chapter we describe our motivations for designing and teaching such courses. Using a series of interrelated questions formatted as an interview with two course designers, we highlight commonalities and differences in our approaches to teaching about women and mathematics. We also explore ways to teach about women and mathematics on a smaller scale, rather than as an entire course. For those who would like to adopt or adapt one of these approaches, we discuss benefits and challenges and provide references to our own and other courses on women and mathematics.
Data Analysis and Data Visualization as Active Learning in Political Science

While data analysis and the related skills of data management and data visualization are important skills for undergraduates in the field of political science, the process of learning these skills ...
The intestinal uptake of phenol from micellar systems does not conform to the aqueous transfer model.

Purpose. To evaluate the aqueous transfer model as the mechanismfor the micelle-mediated uptake of phenol in the rat in situ intestinalperfusion model.
The role of patient and healthcare professionals in the era of new hemophilia treatments in developed and developing countries

Medical decisions in hemophilia care are primarily related to the type of factor replacement and treatment regimen. With the growing number of treatment options for patients with hemophilia, decision making is more complex and requires careful consideration of benefits, risks, and patient goals. Shared decision making and decision-aid tools facilitate patient and healthcare provider communication. In this review, the overall role of shared decision making in medicine is outlined, with special emphasis on models for practical implementation. Examples of shared decision making in hemophilia are outlined, and application to new therapeutics is discussed through a case-based approach.
Energy recovery and logical reversibility in adiabatic CMOS multiplier

Overcoming the IC power challenge requires signal energy recovery, which can be achieved utilizing adiabatic charging principles and logically reversible computing in the circuit design. This paper demonstrates the energy-efficiency of a Bennett-clocked adiabatic CMOS multiplier via a simulation model. The design is analyzed on the logic gate level to determine an estimate for the number of irreversible bit erasures occurring in a combinatorial implementation, showing considerable potential for minimizing the logical information loss.
Probability and the Statistical Theory of Turbulence

In this section we will define Ito processes that depend on the notion of the Ito integral. A very readable definition of the Ito integral and its properties can be found in Chap. 3 of Oksendal [51]. If (Ω, ℱ, ℙ) is a probability space the following definition and example are also given in [51].
Regulatory Arrangements, Financial Stability and Regulatory Reform

What can be learned from the experience of the past decade or two about financial regulation, supervision and deposit insurance or a financial safety net? Is there a better way to provide safety and soundness in the future than in the recent past? Does financial regulatory policy conflict with monetary policy?
Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles

Messenger RNA, from the time of its synthesis in the nucleus through its translation and degradation, does not exist as free RNA in animal cells but rather always appear to be complexed with proteins. Free cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles containing non-ribosomal RNA were discovered by Spirin and coworkers (1) in 1964 and were called informosomes. Shortly thereafter, similar particles containing hnRNA were identified in cell nuclei (2). Both kinds of mRNP particles are heterogeneous in size and are rich in protein, with RNA/protein mass ratios of about 1:3. mRNPs have been found in all eukaryotic organisms examined.
CommunityNetSimulator: Using Simulations to Study Online Community Networks

Help-seeking communities have been playing an increasingly critical role the way people seek and share information online, forming the basis for knowledge dissemination and accumulation. Consider: About.com, a popular help site (http://about.com), boasts 30 million distinct users each month Knowledge-iN, a Korean site (http://kin.naver.com/), has accumulated 1.5 million question and answers.
Age Differences and Empirical Scale Construction.

The SCII depends on characteristics of the criterion sample to ensure useful and valid scales. Because of the feminist movement, women now entering the labor force may have different interests from...
Update on the UC San Diego Healer Education Assessment and Referral (HEAR) Program

Burnout, depression and suicide are rampant amongst health care professionals. Current evidence shows the problem is worsening. In the aftermath of physician suicides, the Physician Wellbeing Commi...
Promoting Inclusivity Through Time-Dynamic Discourse Analysis in Digitally-Mediated Collaborative Learning

The availability of naturally occurring educational discourse data within educational platforms presents a golden opportunity to make advances in understanding online learner ecologies and enabling new kinds of personalized interventions focused on increasing inclusivity and equity. However, to gain a more substantive view of how peer interaction is influenced by group composition and gender, learning and computational sciences require new automated methodological approaches that will provide a deeper understanding of learners’ communication patterns and interaction dynamics across digitally-meditated group learning platforms. In the current research, we explore learners’ discourse by employing Group Communication Analysis (GCA), a computational linguistics methodology for quantifying and characterizing the discourse sociocognitive processes between learners in online interactions. The aim of this study is to use GCA to investigate the influence of gender and gender pairing on students’ intra- and interpersonal discourse processes in online environments. Students were randomly assigned to one of three groups of varying gender composition: 75% women, 50% women, or 25% women. Our results suggest that the sociocognitive discourse patterns, as captured by the GCA, reveal deeper level patterns in the way individuals interact within online environments along gender and group composition lines. The scalability of the methodology opens the door for future research efforts directed towards understanding, and creating more equitable and inclusive online peer-interactions.
Intravenous lipid emulsion agglutination to Central venous catheter after treatment for intentional polysubstance overdose.

To the Editor,Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is often used to treat lipophilic drug toxicities. The rate of adverse effects of ILE is generally rare. However, case reports demonstrate a wide rang...
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta and Concomitant Tranexamic Acid for Cesarean Hysterectomy Complicated by Common Femoral Artery Thrombosis: A Case Report

With increasing cesarean delivery rates, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are occurring more frequently and represent a significant cause of peripartum hemorrhage. Different modalities have been explored to control blood loss during cesarean hysterectomies for PAS disorders, including administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) and balloon occlusion strategies. We present a case of a cesarean hysterectomy for a placenta percreta with the use of TXA and arterial balloon occlusion complicated by a lower extremity arterial thrombus requiring emergent thrombectomy. The outcome of this case suggests using caution with concomitant use of TXA and arterial balloon occlusion.
Inequities still exist in the use of digital health technology across different sociodemographic subgroups

Commentary on : Mahajan S, Lu Y, Spatz ES, Nasir K, Krumholz HM. Trends and predictors of use of digital health technology in the United States. Am J Med . 2020 Jul 24:S0002-9343(20)30617-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.06.033. In an increasingly internet world, use of DHT as an access and means of communication is becoming central to healthcare. Previous studies have demonstrated that DHT can improve health literacy, patient empowerment and engagement, and enable better self-management of care, especially for individuals with chronic conditions.1 DHT can be used as …
The implementation cost of a safety-net hospital program addressing social needs in Atlanta.

Objective To describe the cost of integrating social needs activities into a health care program that works toward health equity by addressing socioeconomic barriers. Data sources/study setting Costs for a heart failure health care program based in a safety-net hospital were reported by program staff for the program year May 2018-April 2019. Additional data sources included hospital records, invoices, and staff survey. Study design We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, case study of a program that includes health education, outpatient care, financial counseling and free medication; transportation and home services for those most in need; and connections to other social services. Program costs were summarized overall and for mutually exclusive categories: health care program (fixed and variable) and social needs activities. Data collection Program cost data were collected using a activity-based, micro-costing approach. In addition, we conducted a survey that was completed by key staff to understand time allocation. Principal findings Program costs were approximately $1.33 million, and the annual per patient cost was $1455. Thirty percent of the program costs was for social needs activities: 18% for 30-day supply of medications and addressing socioeconomic barriers to medication adherence, 18% for mobile health services (outpatient home visits), 53% for navigating services through a financial counselor and community health worker, and 12% for transportation to visits and addressing transportation barriers. Most of the program costs were for personnel: 92% of the health care program fixed, 95% of the health care program variable, and 78% of social needs activities. Discussion Historically, social and health care services are funded by different systems and have not been integrated. We estimate the cost of implementing social needs activities into a health care program. This work can inform implementation for hospitals attempting to address social determinants of health and social needs in their patient population.
Fluid Therapy and the Microcirculation in Health and Critical Illness

Fluid selection and administration during shock is typically guided by consideration of macrovascular abnormalities and resuscitative targets (perfusion parameters, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output). However, the microcirculatory unit (comprised of arterioles, true capillaries, and venules) is vital for the effective delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and removal of waste products from the tissue beds. Given that the microcirculation is subject to both systemic and local control, there is potential for functional changes and impacts on tissue perfusion that are not reflected by macrocirculatory parameters. This chapter will present an overview of the structure, function and regulation of the microcirculation and endothelial surface layer in health and shock states such as trauma, hemorrhage and sepsis. This will set the stage for consideration of how these microcirculatory characteristics, and the potential disconnect between micro- and macrovascular perfusion, may affect decisions related to acute fluid therapy (fluid type, amount, and rate) and monitoring of resuscitative efforts. Available evidence for the impact of various fluids and resuscitative strategies on the microcirculation will also be reviewed.
Cumulative burden of non-communicable diseases predicts COVID hospitalization among people with HIV: A one-year retrospective cohort study

There continue to be conflicting data regarding the outcomes of people with HIV (PWH) who have COVID-19 infection with most studies describing the early epidemic. We present a single site experience spanning a later timeframe from the first report on January 21, 2020 to January 20, 2021 and describe clinical outcomes and predictors of hospitalization among a cohort of PWH in an urban center in Connecticut, USA. Among 103 PWH with controlled HIV disease, hospitalization occurred in 33% and overall mortality was 1%. HIV associated factors (CD4 count, HIV viral suppression) were not associated with hospitalization. Chronic lung disease (OR: 3.35, 95% CI:1.28-8.72), and cardiovascular disease (OR: 3.4, 95% CI:1.27-9.12) were independently associated with hospitalization. An increasing number of non-communicable comorbidities increased the likelihood of hospitalization (OR: 1.61, 95% CI:1.22-2.13).
Dominion Nationalism or Imperial Patriotism?: Citizenship, Race, and the Proposed British Empire Olympic Team

In the aftermath of a calamitous British performance at the 1912 Olympic games in Stockholm the British Olympic Association (BOA) announced a plan to consolidate the various units of the British Empire into a single Olympic team for the forthcoming 1916 Berlin games. Casting their eyes ahead towards Berlin, an event generating extra importance given the continued escalation of Anglo-German antagonism, the BOA conceived that a unified Greater Britain team would solidify colonial and dominion relations with the old mother country and salvage Britain’s self-perceived reputation as the leader of modern sport. Efforts to maintain Britain’s global sporting position by welding the United Kingdom and its colonial possessions into a formidable Olympic team faced stern opposition. The growing political independence of Britain’s colonies and dominions, coupled with the perilous administrative task of selecting, organizing, and financing a transcontinental British team compounded problems with the BOA’s imperial ambitions.
Walking the Fine Line between Science and Culture

Our abilities to evaluate pregnant women for fetal abnormalities have greatly expanded seemingly overnight as result of advances mostly facilitated by the completion of the Human Genome Project. From the incorporation of cell-free nucleic acid technologies into screening algorithms for fetal chromosomal and select genomic abnormalities to the increasing use of microarrays to detect cytogenetic and genomic abnormalities from amniotic fluid or chorionic villus samples, our capabilities to detect fetal abnormalities have markedly improved over the past 5 years. When combining these improved molecular diagnostics with improving imaging technologies and expertise, we can now accurately detect a wide range of fetal abnormalities, many of which were not detectable a decade ago. However, before we congratulate ourselves on our accomplishments, it is equally important to recognize that our advancements in diagnostics have not kept pace with our understanding of the etiologies of many, if not most fetal abnormalities. Indeed, the long-standing struggle of genetics vs. environment has actually never been more complicated and blurred. It seems that as we learn more about genetic and epigenetic phenomena, the dogma that has supported our beliefs concerning etiology of fetal anomalies becomes weaker and weaker, leaving us with improved abilities to detect these problems but with a far less definitive understanding of what causes these problems, and thus a seemingly increasing inability to offer sage advice to prevent such problems in the future. Certain conditions such as Mendelian disorders are clearly genetic in nature whereas fetal anomalies resulting from prenatal exposure to teratogenetic agents such as thalidomide and alcohol are mostly mediated by environmental exposure, though the phenotypic expression of such conditions are also impacted by genetic and genomic factors. Indeed, the impact of novel cultural practices, including the ingestion or avoidance of certain foods and medicines before and during pregnancy, can impact fetal development and well-being as is evident in the paper ‘‘Indigenous medicine use during pregnancy for sex selection and risk of congenital malformations: a population-based case-control study in Haryana, India’’ by Sutapa B. Neogi and colleagues, published in this edition of Drug Safety [1]. It is important to accept the notion that culture-specific practices are not automatically bad, harmful, or unnecessary; we tend to consider current approaches to healthcare invariably superior to those from even 20 years ago, let alone those that date back centuries or millennia. However, we should all take a collective deep breath and consider the very recent pharmacotherapeutic advancement in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus This is a commentary on the paper by Neogi et al. ‘‘Indigenous medicine use for sex selection during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: a population-based case-control study in Haryana, India,’’ doi:10.1007/s40264-015-0309-5.
The Navier-Stokes Equations

A fluid parcel is influenced by its neighbors through forces that act across its bounding surfaces. Such forces tend to be proportional to the area of the surface across which they act. Therefore, it is logical to denote them by their value per unit area of that surface. This kind of force is called a stress.
Psychotherapie bei Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung

Hintergrund Jeder dritte Mensch mit Intelligenzminderung (IM) leidet zusatzlich an einer psychischen Storung, u. a. an spezifischen Phobien. Es ist unklar, ob die in der Normalbevolkerung wirksamen psychotherapeutischen Verfahren auch bei Menschen mit IM anwendbar sind.
IN VIVO RECRUITMENT OF NEUTROPHILS: Consistent Requirements for L-Arginine and Variable Requirements for Complement and Adhesion Molecules

The current studies examined the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment into the rat peritoneal cavity following injection of glycogen and into rat lungs following alveolar deposition of IgA immune complexes or airway instillation of phorbol ester (PMA). Unexpectedly, in each model a requirement for L-arginine for neutrophil recruitment was demonstrated, since administration of the L-arginine analogue, NG-monomethyl L-arginine acetate (L-NMA), greatly reduced neutrophil accumulation as assessed by quantitation of neutrophils in peritoneal exudates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and by lung myeloperoxidase content. In the case of IgA immune complex deposition, lung recruitment of neutrophils was also suppressed by soluble recombinant human complement receptor-1 (sCRl) and antibody to CD 18 but not by antibody to E-selectin. In contrast, neutrophil accumulation following airway instillation of PMA exhibited, surprisingly, no requirement for complement but requirements for both E-selectin and CD 18, These data demonstrate variable requirements for complement, E-selectin and CD 18 but a consistent requirement for L-arginine for neutrophil recruitment. These findings provide evidence suggesting that L-arginine or its derivatives regulate neutrophil recruitment.
Racial and gender composition of health education faculty in higher education.

For the past two decades, public institutions and those that contract with the United States Government have established policies and procedures concerned with affirmative action and equal employment opportunity. These new regulations arise from Executive Order 11246 (1965, amended 1967), which prohibits employment discrimination as a condition of conducting business with the government. In higher education, principles of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity have been adopted widely (Tucker, 1984). However, not all searches for faculty in health education have been able to create applicant pools that include qualified minorities and women. To conduct realistic searches that not only comply with affirmative action and equal opportunity regulations but also increase representation of women and minorities on health education faculty, it is necessary to develop a baseline of current representation and availability. This study was conducted to establish a data base
Two-Year Follow-up of Girls Adopted from China: Continuity and Change in Behavioural Adjustment

Background: To determine the developmental course of behavioural adjustment in 842 girls adopted from China. Method: Longitudinal data were collected with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5 or CBCL/6-18) from the same parent with a two-year interval. In data analysis, the entire sample was first treated as a whole, then was divided into three age cohorts, including (1) children who were in preschool ages in both phases (Preschool Cohort) (n = 417, Mage = 2.5 years in Phase I), (2) children who crossed from preschool ages over to school ages (Transition Cohort) (n = 174, Mage = 4.8 years in Phase I), and (3) children who were in school ages in both phases (School-age Cohort) (n = 251, Mage = 8.5 years in Phase I). Results: The data revealed a strong behavioural continuity (rs = .57–.75) from Phase I to Phase II. The whole sample experienced a significant increase in both average score and rate of suboptimal adjustment on the CBCL Internalising and Total Problem scale. For children with suboptimal adjustment in Phase I, the odds for them to remain in suboptimal range in Phase II were very high. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the three cohorts changed differently over 2 years.
Effect of high transcapillary pressures on capillary ultrastructure and permeability coefficients in dog lung

To determine the correlation between ultrastructural and physiological changes in blood-gas barrier function in lungs transiently exposed to very high vascular pressures, we increased capillary tra...
Crafting Coherence from Complex Policy Messages: Educators' Perceptions of Special Education and Standards-Based Accountability Policies.

Federal special education and accountability policies requires that educators individualize instruction for students with disabilities, while simultaneously ensuring that the vast majority of these students meet age-based grade-level standards and assessment targets. In this paper, we examine this dynamic interplay between policies through analysis of policy documents and interviews that reveal how a sample of educators grapple with their simultaneous implementation. We found that educators made sense of some facets of the policies as complementary and others as contradictory. NCLB and IDEA offered consistent and specific guidelines defining “highly qualified” teachers and educators reported a clear and accurate understanding of these policy demands. On an issue where there was no specific guidance from NCLB–the placement of special education students–educators interpreted the law as promoting the inclusion of more students in general education courses, often to an extent that contradicted the guidance offered by IDEA. With respect to fundamental issues of teaching and learning, NCLB and IDEA represent contradictory theories of action and educators perceived conflict and expressed concerns about unintended consequences for students. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude with a set of theoretical propositions regarding how the alignment of policy messages influences educators’ interpretation of policies, which in turn may have implications for how they enact policies.
Urinary Retention As The Presenting Symptom Of West Nile Encephalitis: Report Of Two Cases. (P5.191)

OBJECTIVE:We report two patients who developed urinary retention as the presenting symptom of West Nile encephalitis (WNE). This unusual presentation of WNE has not been previously reported. BACKGROUND:Symptomatic cases of WNV infection typically present as an acute febrile illness. CNS involvement present as meningitis, encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis. GI symptoms and rash are also reported. Whereas optic neuritis, uveitis are occasionally reported at the onset of WNE, urinary retention has not been previously reported. DESIGN/METHODS:First patient: 26 y/o male admitted with a 24 hour history of fever, headache, nausea, oliguria. Neurological exam showed generalized hypereflexia but no sensory level. Patient was unable to void. Foley catheter drained 1300 cc. urine. UA was normal. Second patient: 51 y/o male with acute onset bilateral leg weakness, urinary retention for one day. Foley catheter placed in the ER drained 1250 cc urine. During the hospital course patient became confused with abolished DTRs and dyspnea that required intubation. Other than the confusion and urinary retention, clinical presentation was similar to GBS. Both patients recovered fully without having urinary retention. RESULTS:MRI brain, C/T/L spines were unremarkable in both cases. CSF and serum West Nile IgM was positive in both cases CONCLUSIONS:Our two cases have clinical features seen with the so called “Meningitis Retention Syndrome”. This appears to be an under recognized entity with only six reported cases in world literature but none due to WNE. Whereas each of the six individual reports was not able to determine the mechanism of urinary retention in their cases, a retrospective analysis of the six cases along with our two cases suggest that urinary retention in MRS is multifactorial and may be due to myelopathy (case 1) or involvement of nerve roots (case 2). Our two cases also emphasize the protean presentations of this increasingly common CNS infection. Disclosure: Dr. Hasan has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeToledo has nothing to disclose.
"Bottleneck" calculation of ion-electron recombination coefficients for lithium-like ions.

The ion-electron recombination coefficients for the lithium-like ions C IV, O VI, Ne VIII, Si XII and Ar XVI are computed by the bottleneck method of Byron et al. (1962). In this method, the minimum rate of transitions down the ladder of energy level is taken as the limiting recombination rate, and the particular energy level corresponding to the minimum transition rate is found. The partial collisional radiative recombination coefficient is obtained in terms of the equilibrium population, the rate of collisional de-excitation, the mean radiative transition probability from the bottleneck level and the total transition probability from a level above the bottleneck level to all levels below it. The full collisional-radiative recombination is then obtained by the addition of the values of the radiative recombination coefficient and the three-body recombination coefficient to the ground level. Results of the calculation are shown to be in good agreement with those of Drawin and Emard (1975) for the case of hydrogen. It is also noted that the process of dielectronic recombination, which is not accounted for here, may be significant at lower densities.
Coordinated rendezvous of underwater drifters in ocean internal waves

This paper considers a team of spatially distributed drifters that move underwater under the influence of an ocean internal wave. The team's objective is to estimate the physical parameters that determine the internal wave, use the then-known ocean dynamics to rendezvous underwater, and finally return to the surface as a cluster for easy retrieval. From the structure of the internal wave, the ocean's flowfield is time-varying and spatially dependent on depth and position along the wave propagation direction. The drifters can control their depth by changing their buoyancy and are otherwise subject to the horizontal flowfield at their given depth. We consider two different drifter dynamical models: a first-order Lagrangian model, useful when the drifter's mass is sufficiently small, and a second-order model, where the drag force caused by the water accelerates the drifter. We propose provably correct distributed algorithms that rely on the drifters opportunistically changing their depth so that the ocean flowfield takes them in a desirable direction to perform coordinated motion. The drifters converge to the same depth and position along the wave propagation direction asymptotically. Simulations illustrate our results.
Representing discourse coherence: a corpus-based analysis

We present a set of discourse structure relations that are easy to code, and develop criteria for an appropriate data structure for representing these relations. Discourse structure here refers to informational relations that hold between sentences in a discourse (cf. Hobbs, 1985). We evaluated whether trees are a descriptively adequate data structure for representing coherence. Trees are widely assumed as a data structure for representing coherence but we found that more powerful data structures are needed: In coherence structures of naturally occurring texts, we found many different kinds of crossed dependencies, as well as many nodes with multiple parents. The claims are supported by statistical results from a database of 135 texts from the Wall Street Journal and the AP Newswire that were hand-annotated with coherence relations, based on the annotation schema presented in this paper.
A trehalose metabolic enzyme controls inflorescence architecture in maize

Inflorescence branching is a major yield trait in crop plants controlled by the developmental fate of axillary shoot meristems. Variations in branching patterns lead to diversity in flower-bearing architectures (inflorescences) and affect crop yield by influencing seed number or harvesting ability. Several growth regulators such as auxins, cytokinins and carotenoid derivatives regulate branching architectures. Inflorescence branching in maize is regulated by three RAMOSA genes. Here we show that one of these genes, RAMOSA3 (RA3), encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase expressed in discrete domains subtending axillary inflorescence meristems. Genetic and molecular data indicate that RA3 functions through the predicted transcriptional regulator RAMOSA1 (RA1). We propose that RA3 regulates inflorescence branching by modification of a sugar signal that moves into axillary meristems. Alternatively, the fact that RA3 acts upstream of RA1 supports a hypothesis that RA3 itself may have a transcriptional regulatory function.
Characterization of a Tc1-like transposable element in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

We have characterized Tdr1, a family of Tc1-like transposable elements found in the genome of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The copy number and distribution of the sequence in the zebrafish genome have been determined, and by these criteria Tdr1 can be classified as a moderately repetitive, interspersed element. Examination of the sequences and structures of several copies of Tdr1 revealed that a particular deletion derivative, 1250 bp long, of the transposon has been amplified to become the dominant form of Tdr1. The deletion in these elements encompasses sequences encoding the N-terminal portion of the putative Tdr1 transposase. Sequences corresponding to the deleted region were also detected, and thus allowed prediction of the nucleotide sequence of a hypothetical full-length element. Well conserved segments of Tc1-like transposons were found in the flanking regions of known fish genes, suggesting that these elements have a long evolutionary history in piscine genomes. Tdr1 elements have long, 208 bp inverted repeats, with a short DNA motif repeated four times at the termini of the inverted repeats. Although different from that of the prototype C. elegans transposon Tc1, this inverted repeat structure is shared by transposable elements from salmonid fish species and two Drosophila species. We propose that these transposons form a subgroup within the Tc1-like family. Comparison of Tc1-like transposons supports the hypothesis that the transposase genes and their flanking sequences have been shaped by independent evolutionary constraints. Although Tc1-like sequences are present in the genomes of several strains of zebrafish and in salmonid fishes, these sequences are not conserved in the genus Danio, thus raising the possibility that these elements can be exploited for gene tagging and genome mapping.
The Search For A Global Minimum In Optical Design

This work explores an approach to the search for optimum solution in the multidimensional design space of a lens design through a survey of the system merit function by a systematic variation of relevant design parameters. Since there is no definitive algorithm that can lead from an initial configuration to a true optimal solution, most of the existing automatic design programs depend on mathematical optimization routines to direct the search to the nearest best solution, or Local Minimum, and usually they are unable to proceed towards a Global Minimum. This state of affairs often leads to a solution the quality of which is very much dependent on the initial configuration overlooking more promising regions. The new approach is a combined systematic procedure. In a first coarse sampling phase the program finds the favorable regions that correspond to potentially promising configurations. In a second phase, conventional optimization routines are used to find the best configuration in each region, and then a final selection phase is carried out in which the special requirements that were not included in the merit function are brought into consideration for the specific application at hand. This method provides overall information about a given design space and offers a selection of "best" solutions to choose from. It can be further refined by excluding from the systematic search some unfavorable configuration regions, by adopting elements of Artificial Intelligence disciplines. Speeding up the search can also be achieved through Parallel-Processing methods. Some selected multidimensional design spaces are evaluated and searched for best configurations. The results are presented and discussed, and comparison is made to the more conventional design approaches.
Endocardial lesions following coronary artery by-pass surgery

Abstract A series of post-operative deaths is presented in which coronary artery by-pass surgery had been performed at various ante-mortem intervals by the same surgical team in a single institution. When compared to an appropriate control population, these cases displayed a sequence of endocardial inflammation and progressive fibro-elastosis which suggested that injury had occurred during surgery. An assessment of the effects of this lesion and of possible etiologic factors is presented.