cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The hamster transferrin receptor contains Ser/Thr-linked oligosaccharides: use of a lectin-resistant CHO cell line to identify glycoproteins containing these linkages.

Abstract We recently reported that the transferrin receptor (TfR) contains O-linked GalNAc residues [1]. To investigate whether this modification is shared by transferrin receptors in other mammals, we investigated the glycosylation of TfR in hamster cells. To facilitate our analysis the lectin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line Lec8 was used. These cells are unable to galactosylate glycoproteins, resulting in truncation of the Ser/Thr-linked oligosaccharides to a single residue of terminal α-linked GalNAc. This structure is bound with high affinity by the lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA). The TfR was affinity purified from Lec8 cells metabolically radiolabeled with [ 3 H]glucosamine and the receptor was found to bind tightly to HPA-Sepharose. Treatment of the purified TfR with mild alkalne/borohydride released [ 3 H]GalNAcitol, demonstrating the presence of O-linked GalNAc. We also found that many other unidentified [ 3 H]glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins from Lec8 cells were bound by HPA-Sepharose. The bound and unbound glycoproteins were separated by SDS/PAGE and individual species were selected for treatment with mild base/borohydride. Treatment of glycoproteins bound by HPA, but not those unbound, resulted in the release of [ 3 H]GalNAcitol. These studies demonstrate both that the hamster TfR contains O-linked oligosaccharides and that this approach may have general utility for identifying the presence of these oligosaccharides in other glycoproteins.
COMPUTER SIMULATION of CAPACITIVE RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) DIELECTRIC HEATING ON VEGETABLE SPROUT SEEDS

The application of a three-dimensional finite-element computer program package, TLM-FOOD-HEATING (FAUSTUS Scientific Corp., Victoria, Canada), on the simulation of capacitive radio frequency (RF) dielectric heating of radish and alfalfa seeds was investigated. Seeds placed inside polystyrene boxes were described as a rectangle, where nonuniform boundary conditions presented complications in the simulation. Temperature and moisture dependent thermal properties and temperature and frequency dependent dielectric properties of seeds were considered in the modeling. the time-temperature profiles of seeds at different locations within the rectangle seeds boxes were simulated. the model was then validated using experimental data. Simulated temperature distribution in seeds was consistent with the measured results. the absolute temperature differences between simulated and measured values in radish seeds packed in a 100 × 25 × 50 mm rectangle seeds box were 1.8C, 1.1C, 8.9C, and 13.6C in the center, top, edge, and bottom locations, respectively, when seeds reached about 80C, and were 0.9C, 2.4C, 7.75C, and 14.3C, respectively, in alfalfa seeds box in the same conditions.
LINKING FRAMES IN NEGOTIATIONS: GAINS, LOSSES AND CONFLICT FRAME ADOPTION

Two distinct literatures have investigated the impact of negotiator frames. Both literatures demonstrate that negotiator frames significantly influence both bargaining behavior and negotiated outcomes. These two literatures, however, offer completely different conceptualizations of what negotiator frames actually are. In this article we classify these two conceptualizations as reference frames, the referent‐dependent perception of outcomes, and conflict frames, a multi‐dimensional orientation toward conflict. We report results from an experiment that links these two types of frames. We find that loss‐framed negotiators adopt conflict frames that are more win‐oriented and task‐oriented than the conflict frames gain‐framed negotiators adopt. Our results offer insight into the frame adoption process and have implications for dispute resolution and negotiation practice.
The role of sulfate‐reducing bacteria in the deposition of sedimentary uranium ores

Abstract The formation of many important sediment‐hosted uranium ore deposits is thought to have resulted from the reduction of relatively soluble uranyl ion—U(VI)—to insoluble uranium (IV) oxides and silicates by aqueous sulfide species. This study focused on the influence that the sulfate‐reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 7757) has on this process. Preliminary studies showed that bacterial growth was not inhibited by concentrations of uranyl ion up to 100 mg U per liter. More detailed studies showed that sulfate‐reducing bacteria have an influence on uranyl ion removal beyond the simple production of the aqueous sulfide reductant. Comparative studies of bacterial cultures containing high densities of the sulfate reducers with bacterial cell‐free but otherwise identical media showed that the bacteria themselves enhance uranium removal from solution. At pH 8.0, no reaction was observed in H2S‐bearing cell‐free media, whereas at the same H2S concentration, the uranyl ion decreased markedl...
The Design of an Effective “Fluorescence Filter” for Raman Spectroscopy:

Since Raman scattering is inherently an inefficient process, a practical obstacle to Raman studies is interference from fluorescence. Troublesome fluorescence can arise either from impurities or from the intrinsic relaxation process resulting from an electronic absorption of the sample in resonance Raman spectroscopy. To avoid the fluorescence interference it is sometimes possible to choose different excitation wavelengths. In the case of resonance Raman spectroscopy, the sample can be excited to a highly electronically excited state (Sn, n > 2) in the condensed phase. Thus, Raman signals can be obtained on the high-frequency side with respect to the fluorescence. In some special cases addition of an external quenching agent, (e.g., iodide ion) to the sample is helpful, but this method usually cannot effectively eliminate the fluorescence. Furthermore, a high concentration of added iodide ion may result in a significant distortion of the molecular structure investigated. For molecules with relatively long-lived emission (>100 ns) a practical method to suppress fluorescence is through time discrimination. Unfortunately, the fluorescence processes which obscure Raman spectra frequently have lifetimes in the nanosecond range, while the electronic gating system is limited to several nanoseconds. Knowing that the ratio of fluorescence to Raman signal could frequently be greater than 100:1, the application of an electronic gating system to efficiently discriminate Raman signals from fluorescence interference is not possible. Several other techniques using nonlinear processes such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy, and inverse Raman spectroscopy, as well as recently developed near-infrared-red FT Raman and CCD detection of diode-laser-excited Raman scattering, have also been applied in an attempt to overcome fluorescence. Although it seems that CARS may offer a high potential for eliminating fluorescence, the nonresonant background solvent susceptibility usually results in complications in the interpretation of CARS spectra. Thus, there is still no general and effective method to overcome interfering fluorescence at the present time. In this report, an effective method using a transient absorption gating technique is demonstrated to suppress interfering fluorescence with a relatively long lifetime. Consequently, a general "fluorescence filter" design based on a picosecond system is proposed.
Coherent States for General Potentials

We define coherent states for general potentials, requiring that they have the physically interesting properties of the harmonic-oscillator coherent states. We exhibit these states for several solvable examples and show that they obey a quantum approximation to the classical motion.
Electron distributions in bremsstrahlung and virtual photon production

Analytic expressions for electron distributions in bremsstrahlung and virtual photon radiation are derived and discussed. The results are used to investigate possible electron scattering geometries which maximize the virtual photon production at forward angles while limiting bremsstrahlung to acceptable values.
Association of the complement factor H Y402H polymorphism with cardiovascular disease is dependent upon hypertension status: The ARIC study.

BACKGROUND Complement factor H (CFH) is a plasma protein that is essential in the regulation of the alternative complement pathway and has been implicated as taking part in complement inhibition in atherogenesis. We evaluated the association of the y402H polymorphism with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), incident ischemic stroke, and carotid artery wall thickness (intima-media thickness (IMT)) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort.
Cityride: A Predictive Bike Sharing Journey Advisor

In this paper, we present a personal journey advisor application for helping people to navigate the city using the available bike-sharing system. For a given origin and destination, the application suggests the best pair of stations to be used to take and return a city-bike, in order to minimize the overall walking and biking travel time as well as maximizing the probability to find available bikes at the first station and returning slots at the second one. To solve the journey advisor optimization problem, we modeled real mobile bikers' behavior in terms of travel time, and used the predicted availability at every bike station to choose the pair of stations which maximizes a measure of optimality. To develop the application, we built a spatio-temporal prediction system able to estimate the number of available bikes for each station in short and long term, outperforming already developed solutions. The prediction system is based on an underlying spatial interaction network among the bike stations, and takes into account the temporal patterns included in the data. The City ride application was tested with real data from the Dublin bike-sharing system.
TRANSACTIONS OF COGNITIVE EQUIVALENCE IN THE DOMAINS OF “WORK” AND “PLAY”

This paper is based on an ethno-semantic study of the development, use, and intersection of the adult and child activity domains, "Work" and "Play." The research was conducted in a suburban elementary school in western New York. Fifty-five children, ages five through twelve, and eleven adults were the major subjects of the study. The data collection techniques were: classification of projective pictures, sociograms, informal interviews, formal semantic elicitation, and daily direct observation in the school and its playground for a period of five months. Data analysis was done by the constant comparative method for qualitative data, as it is described by Glaser and Strauss (1967).
Large Scale predictive analytics for real-time energy management

As demand for cost-effective energy and resource management continues to grow, intelligent automated building solutions are necessary to reduce energy consumption, increase alternative energy sources, reduce operational costs and find interoperable solutions that integrate with legacy equipment without massive investments in new equipment and tools. The ability to analyze, understand and predict building behavior offer tremendous opportunities to demonstrate and validate increased energy efficiencies, which may ease many particular exorbitant pressures taxing the grid. In this paper, we describe a research platform driven by an existing campus microgrid for developing large scale, predictive analytics for real-time energy management.
Hemispheric dominance and maze learning

Ten male and 10 female subjects, classified as either right- or left-hemispheric dominant, attempted to learn a 10-blind-alley finger maze. The right-dominant group took fewer trials and less time and made fewer errors than the left-dominant group.
Distribution of glutamate and preproenkephalin messenger RNAs following transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Abstract Middle cerebral artery occlusion may result in increased activation of N -methyl- d -aspartate- or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-type receptors by glutamate and lead to neuronal cell death. To characterize molecular events that precede cell death following transient focal ischemia, in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to measure levels of glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1), GluR2, GluR3, N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1) and preproenkephalin messenger RNAs in adult rats at various recirculation times (1.5, 3 and 24 h) following a 90-min period of middle cerebral artery occlusion. At 1.5 and 3 h recirculation, autoradiography showed pronounced but differential decreases in AMPA, NR1 and preproenkephalin messenger RNA expression throughout the infarcted ipsilateral striatum. Non-uniform patterns of in situ hybridization grains emerged such that many striatal neurons were depleted of AMPA and preproenkephalin messenger RNAs, while others retained control levels. In cortical regions destined to undergo infarction, GluR2 and NR1 messenger RNAs were preferentially reduced relative to the contralateral side (to 75±8.5% and 66±4.5%, respectively); GluR1, GluR3 and preproenkephalin messenger RNAs were unaltered. At 24 h recirculation, depletion of striatal and cortical messenger RNAs became less selective. GluR3 and preproenkephalin messenger RNAs were up-regulated in ipsilateral spared regions of the striatum, and GluR1 and GluR2 messenger RNAs increased bilaterally in the cingulate cortex and in selective nuclei of the amygdala. Histological cell death or neurodegeneration was not detected in areas of reduced glutamate and preproenkephalin messenger RNA expression in either the ipsilateral striatum or cortex before 24 h. These findings suggest that complex and long-lasting decreases in messenger RNA expression occur prior to significant cell loss in regions destined to undergo infarction. Increased formation of Ca 2+ -permeable AMPA receptor assemblies may occur in “unspared” and “spared” regions via different mechanisms and contribute to alterations in post-ischemic synaptic activity. The possibility arises that there may be altered relationships between glutamatergic and enkephalin synapses, since the dorsolateral striatum, where preproenkephalin messenger RNA expression is acutely reduced, receives innervation by the affected ipsilateral cortical region.
What is Teacher Stress

(1982). What is Teacher Stress? The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 101-105.
SU‐FF‐T‐449: Validation of a Plan‐Based Calibration Method for Relative Dosimetry of IMRT

Purpose: Validation of a new “plan‐based” imagecalibration method for IMRT relative dosimetry comparisons. Method and Materials: Radiological ImagingTechnologyimage analysissoftware (version 4.2) contains a new calibration routine called plan‐based calibration(patent pending). After registration of a 2‐D doseimage from the planning system with a measured but uncalibrated doseimage, the routine then maps the planning system doses to each film or CRimage pixel value and constructs a calibration curve. This calibration curve is then applied throughout measurement image to convert all pixels to dose. Because it does not use an independent dose vs. pixel calibration, it can be used for relative dosimetry only. Ten IMRT cases were studied for which both conventional dosecalibration using parallel irradiation of film and the plan‐based calibration were used. The Gamma value was used as a measure of agreement where 3% dose and 3 mm distance to agreement were set as tolerances. For these same cases, a 5 mm registration error was introduced and the comparison repeated. Results: In all properly registered cases, the plan‐based calibration had fewer pixels with Gamma >1 than did the conventional calibration. Overall, the plan‐based method gave 50% fewer pixels with Gamma > 1 than did the film‐based calibration. This may be due to additional errors of the film calibration process convolving with intrinsic planning system, phantom setup, and film processing and scanning errors. The plan‐based calibration was equally able to detect the registration error by giving a similarly large increase in percentage of pixels with Gamma >1. Conclusion: These data suggest that the plan‐based calibration method provides a more accurate comparison of the measured vs. calculated dose distribution than conventional calibration methods using less time and materials.Conflict of Interest: This research was supported by Radiological ImagingTechnology.
Molecules and puzzles from the antennapedia homeotic gene complex of Drosophila

Abstract How are loci that control the number of body segments related to loci that regulate segmental identity? In the Antennapedia complex of Drosophila , the two kins of loci are close together, and molecular analysis has revealed shared and distinguishing features.
Downstream effects of water withdrawal in a small, high-gradient basin: Erosion and deposition on the Skokomish River delta

The purpose of this paper is to analyze downstream effects of freshwater flow diversion from a small, active-continental-margin river basin. The Skokomish River delta is a tributary estuary to Hood Canal in Washington state that receives drainage from the southeastern side of the Olympic Mountains. Its drainage basin is steep, and rainfall is high. Approximately 40% of the annual average runoff of the entire system has been diverted from the North Fork Skokomish River for power production since completion of two dams in 1930; this water does not pass through the lower river or over the delta. Extensive logging has occurred in the remainder of the basin. Comparison of prediversion (1885) and postdiversion (1972) bathymetric surveys shows that deposition (about 0.013 to 0.022 m yr−1) has occurred on the inner delta and erosion (up to 0.033 m yr−1) on the outer delta. This steepening of the delta surface has apparently been caused by a loss of sediment transport capacity in the lower river and estuary combined with an increased sediment supply due to logging. Although the total area of unvegetated tidal flats thas decreased by only about 6%, there has been a more than 40% loss of highly productive low intertidal surface area. A conservative estimate of loss of eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds is 18%; a reduction in the size of mesohaline mixing zone has also occurred. These habitat losses are similar to those observed elsewhere in the world in larger river basins that have suffered water withdrawals of the same magnitude, but their impacts cannot either be evaluated or understood causally through consideration of simple measures like changes total estuarine deltaic area. Evaluation of estuarine effects of anthropogenic modification must, therefore, include consideration of both changes in habitat function and in the physical processes. These must be evaluated within the totality of the river basin-estuary system that cause these changes. In this case, sediment transport constitutes the critical link between fluvial alterations and the remote downstream, estuarine consequences thereof.
Late-onset diffuse lamellar keratitis after surface ablation

A 65-year-old white woman with a history of bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) had retreatment of her right eye status after cataract extraction. Thirteen years after the primary LASIK procedure, the patient developed florid diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) within 4 days of the retreatment. This case report presents an unusual occurrence of DLK years after LASIK surgery and stresses the importance of early vigilant inspection of the stromal space in LASIK patients having retreatment with surface ablation. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Application of the Fornasini-Marchesini first model to data collected on a complex target model

This work describes the computation of scatterers that lay on the body of a real target which are depicted in radar images. A novelty of the approach is the target echoes collected by the radar are formulated into the first Fornasini-Marchesini (F-M) state space model [1] to compute poles that give rise to the scatterer locations in the two-dimensional (2-D) space. Singular value decomposition carried out on the data provides state matrices that capture the dynamics of the target. Furthermore, eigenvalues computed from the state transition matrices provide range and cross-range locations of the scatterers that exhibit the target silhouette in 2-D space. The maximum likelihood function is formulated with the state matrices to obtain an iterative expression for the Fisher information matrix (FIM) from which posterior Cramer-Rao bounds associated with the various scatterers are derived. Effectiveness of the 2-D state-space technique is tested on static range data collected on a complex conical target model; its accuracy to extract target length is judged and compared with the physical measurements. Validity of the proposed 2-D state-space technique and the Cramer-Rao bounds are demonstrated through data collected on the target model.
Detection of Integrins in Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissues

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors, which are expressed in many cells. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that integrins may be important in tumor progression and organ development. The functions of integrins were previously studied in cell cultures and their tissue expression was detected by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase in frozen sections. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for detection of integrins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. We utilized microwave heating and enzyme digestion in routinely processed, surgically removed tissues. Our results demonstrate that integrins can be reliably detected in archival material. This approach will facilitate further investigation of the role played by integrins in human malignancies and in developmental processes.
Multiplying Themselves: Women Cosmetics Sellers in Ecuador

Abstract With the “feminization of labor,” more women in developing countries are working for pay, but that work is precarious and often exists in the informal economy. This paper examines the situation of Ecuadorian women selling cosmetics through a multilevel direct sales organization in which earnings are dependent on the amount of product sold and the number of sellers recruited. This relatively new type of gendered, paid employment promises to help women achieve balance between paid work and family responsibilities. Using ethnographic methods to explore direct-selling mothers' identities, strategies, and struggles, this study finds that such a balance remains elusive for these women sellers, despite the purported flexibility of direct sales work. It discusses the finding that women think about their paid work and family roles as connected and examines the myth prevalent among direct sellers that successfully balancing paid work and family comes from “organizing yourself.”
JASN Begins Anew

Welcome to the new JASN . This is the launch issue for a new editorial team, and all of us are honored to edit the finest kidney journal in the world. We accepted this exciting opportunity knowing Bill Couser and his associate editors have done a remarkable job in advancing the quality and substance
Minimal Versus Orthogonal Projections onto Hyperplanes in \ell _1^{n} and \ell _{\infty }^{n}

In this paper, we explore the relation between the minimal and the orthogonal projections onto hyperplanes in \(\ell _1^n\) and \(\ell _\infty ^n.\)
Sparsity-regularized Born iterations for electromagnetic inverse scattering

Electromagnetic inverse scattering [1] continues to be an active research area with applications ranging from environmental sensing to oil exploration and see-through-wall (STW) imaging. Among the many available techniques, the Born iterative method and its many descendants continue to be the most widely used [2]. The ill-posedness of Born iterations has often been alleviated via Tikhonov regularization [1], which promotes smoothness in the reconstruction. That said, in many applications including molecular and STW imaging [3], sparseness of the scatterers can be used to regularize the inverse scattering problem as well. Sparsity regularization was first proposed for linear inverse problems in [4] and then extended for image processing applications in [5-6]. In this paper, an inverse scattering technique that uses sparsity-regularized Born iterations is proposed. Application of the proposed technique to the reconstruction of a sparse two-dimensional (2D) dielectric profile shows that it produces images that are sharper than those obtained using Tikhonov-regularized Born iterations.
An alternative view of enzyme catalysis

This paper begins with a brief review of theories and concepts that have influenced today's view of enzyme catalysis: transition-state stabilization, entropy, orbital steering, proximity, and intramolecularity. The discussion then launches into the "spatiotemporal" model of enzyme catalysis in which fast intramolecular and enzymatic rates are ascribed to short distances that are imposed rigidly upon the reacting entities. An equation relating rate and distance is set forth, as are experimental and computational data supporting this rela- tionship. Finally, enzyme systems themselves are analyzed in terms of the distance parame- ter and the so-called "split-site" model in which ground-state geometries play a crucial role. Among the many surprising conclusions is a transition-state stabilization by noncovalent forces (e.g., hydrogen-bonding) that are positioned far away from the actual transition-state chemistry. The model also confronts and dismisses the claim in classical enzymology that the ubiquitous enzyme-substrate complex is either inconsequential or inhibitory to the overall re- action rate.
A dynamic load balancing scheme for I/O-intensive applications in distributed systems

In this paper, a new I/O-aware load-balancing scheme is presented to improve overall performance of a distributed system with a general and practical workload including I/O activities. The proposed scheme dynamically detects I/O load imbalance on nodes of a distributed system and determines whether to migrate the I/O requests of some jobs from overloaded nodes to other less- or under-loaded nodes, depending on data migration cost and remote I/O access overhead. Besides balancing I/O load, the scheme judiciously takes into account both CPU and memory load sharing in distributed systems, thereby maintaining the same level of performance as the existing schemes when I/O load is low or well balanced. Results from a trace-driven simulation study show that, compared with the existing schemes that only consider CPU and memory, the proposed scheme reduces the mean slowdown by up to 54.5% (with an average of 39.9%). On the other hand, when compared to the existing approaches that only consider I/O, the proposed scheme reduces the mean slowdown by up to 57.2% (with an average of 31.6%). More importantly, the new scheme improves over a very recent algorithm found in the literature that considers all the three resources by up to 49.6% (with an average of up to 41.9%).
Chameleon Coatings: Adaptive Surfaces to Reduce Friction and Wear in Extreme Environments

Adaptive nanocomposite coating materials that automatically and reversibly adjust their surface composition and morphology via multiple mechanisms are a promising development for the reduction of friction and wear over broad ranges of ambient conditions encountered in aerospace applications, such as cycling of temperature and atmospheric composition. Materials selection for these composites is based on extensive study of interactions occurring between solid lubricants and their surroundings, especially with novel in situ surface characterization techniques used to identify adaptive behavior on size scales ranging from 10 −10 to 10 −4 m. Recent insights on operative solid-lubricant mechanisms and their dependency upon the ambient environment are reviewed as a basis for a discussion of the state of the art in solid-lubricant materials.
Incidental magnetization transfer contrast in fast spin‐echo imaging of cartilage

In this article, the authors illustrate the contributions of incidental magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) to the signal characteristics of patellar cartilage on routine, multiplanar fast spin-echo (FSE) images. Incidental MTC diminishes the signal of patellar cartilage by 30% on routine FSE scans. Spectral fat saturation does not significantly increase incidental MTC on multislice FSE acquisitions. By increasing the contrast between synovial fluid and patellar cartilage, incidental MTC may account for greater conspicuousness of chondromalacia on FSE as compared to conventional spin-echo images. Incidental MTC may also alter or obscure the normal, laminar appearance of hyaline cartilage on short-TE, FSE images.
A Bio‐psycho‐social Investigation of Headache Activity in a Chronic Headache Population

SYNOPSIS Comparisons of responses in a month long Headache Diary were made among three groups of carefully characterized headache sufferers (41 tension, 25 migraine, and 25 combined migraine and tension) and revealed more headache-free days per week for the migraineurs than the other two groups but more daily average headache activity (headache index) for the tension headache patients than for the migraineurs. Multiple regression analyses of potential predictors from the biological realm (psychophysiological responses), psychological realm (psychological test scores) and social realm (social-demographic data) on headache index revealed stronger biological influences on tension headache than on migraine or combined headache but less psychological influence. The relation of social-demographic variables to headache index was roughly equivalent across all three headache types.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Distal Radius: A Case Report

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor with cytologic behavior between angiosarcoma and hemangioma. We present the case of a 58-year-old male with primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the distal radius measuring 6.2 × 5 cm with extension into the pronator quadratus and brachioradialis muscles. We discuss our approach to performing a limb-sparing resection combined with reconstruction to preserve upper extremity function. A review of the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is also presented.
Analyzing software updates: should you build a dynamic updating infrastructure?

The ability to adapt software systems to fix bugs, add/change features without restarting is becoming important for many domains including but not limited to finance, social networking, control systems, etc. Fortunately, many ideas have begun to emerge under the umbrella term "dyanamic updating" to solve this problem. Dynamic updating is critical to address certain software evolution needs. Dynamic updating literature evaluates such systems in terms of coverage (i.e. what type of code changes are supported) and performance. However, we do not have a technique to analyze whether certain updating solution, based on its costs and benefits, is suitable for an application. In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis model to fill this gap. Our model is parameterized and it can be instantiated with application-specific valuation functions. Given the software evolution history of the application under consideration, our model allows rigorous comparisons of the value of different software updating schemes (e.g. online vs. offline). We illustrate our model using two case studies inspired from the the evolution history of Xerces XML parser library and Apache httpd web server. Other case studies and evaluation examples are presented in our technical report [Gharaibeh, Rajan and Chang 09]. The proposed analysis scheme can serve system architects in evaluating their current updating scheme. For example, to audit the system's value during previous development cycles and whether a different updating scheme will generate higher value.
Role of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Myocardial Disease

Mitochondria play a key role in determining cell fate during exposure to stress. Their role during ischemia/reperfusion is particularly critical because of the conditions that promote both apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway and necrosis by irreversible damage to mitochondria in association with mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). MPT is caused by the opening of permeability transition pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to matrix swelling, outer membrane rupture, release of apoptotic signaling molecules such as cytochrome c from the intermembrane space, and irreversible injury to the mitochondria. During ischemia (the MPT priming phase), factors such as intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, long-chain fatty acid accumulation, and reactive oxygen species progressively increase mitochondrial susceptibility to MPT, increasing the likelihood that MPT will occur on reperfusion (the MPT trigger phase). Because functional cardiac recovery ultimately depends on mitochondrial recovery, cardioprotection by ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning must ultimately involve the prevention of MPT. Investigations into this area are beginning to unravel some of the mechanistic links between cardioprotective signaling and mitochondria.
Non-Destructive Cleaning of Carbon Nanotube Surfaces: Removal of Organic Contaminants and Chemical Residue with Oxygen Radicals

Oxygen radicals (ORs) are highly efficient for in situ cleaning of organic contaminants from the interior of vacuum systems and sample surfaces [1]. ORs decompose organics into gasses (H2O, CO, CO2), which are evacuated from the system. This phenomenon has been used to devise surface cleaning methods for a diverse range of materials. However, the application of OR cleaning to graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is not straightforward, as O plasma is known to ash both forms of carbon. This work [2] demonstrates a successful OR cleaning of surface organic contaminants (most likely hydrocarbons from the air), as well as chemical residue from the fabrication process, without inducing microstructural changes visible by SEM.
Issues in enterprise e-mail management

The existing e-mail management standards are all proposed for specific e-mail technologies. Unless everyone agrees on a common backbone e-mail technology and its management, it will be difficult to tackle enterprise e-mail management. The authors provide management solutions to the following problems in an enterprise e-mail environment: message transfer agents (MTAs) and e-mail gateway monitoring; e-mail tracking; and congestion management. When an e-mail manager evaluates an e-mail protocol, it should examine how the protocol tackles these problems.
Joint haplotype phasing and genotype calling of multiple individuals using haplotype informative reads

Motivation: Hidden Markov model, based on Li and Stephens model that takes into account chromosome sharing of multiple individuals, results in mainstream haplotype phasing algorithms for genotyping arrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. However, existing methods based on this model assume that the allele count data are independently observed at individual sites and do not consider haplotype informative reads, i.e. reads that cover multiple heterozygous sites, which carry useful haplotype information. In our previous work, we developed a new hidden Markov model to incorporate a two-site joint emission term that captures the haplotype information across two adjacent sites. Although our model improves the accuracy of genotype calling and haplotype phasing, haplotype information in reads covering non-adjacent sites and/or more than two adjacent sites is not used because of the severe computational burden. Results: We develop a new probabilistic model for genotype calling and haplotype phasing from NGS data that incorporates haplotype information of multiple adjacent and/or non-adjacent sites covered by a read over an arbitrary distance. We develop a new hybrid Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm that combines the Gibbs sampling algorithm of HapSeq and Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and is computationally feasible. We show by simulation and real data from the 1000 Genomes Project that our model offers superior performance for haplotype phasing and genotype calling for population NGS data
Vardenafil rescue rates of sildenafil nonresponders : Objective assessment of 327 patients with erectile dysfunction

Abstract Objectives To prospectively investigate whether vardenafil can effectively treat patients for whom sildenafil (100 mg) has failed. The introduction of two new oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (tadalafil and vardenafil) raises the question of whether the new agents will permit us to treat sildenafil nonresponders with another oral agent. Methods Patients were seen at one institution during a 5-year period. A total of 327 patients complaining of sildenafil-refractory erectile dysfunction underwent intracavernous pharmacologic injection and color duplex Doppler ultrasonography. Subsequently 59 of these men tried vardenafil home dosing. Results Of the 327 men in whom sildenafil failed, 16% were younger than 50, 21% were 51 to 60, 34% were 61 to 70, and 28% were older than 70 years. The Doppler diagnoses were arterial insufficiency in 154 (47%), mixed vascular insufficiency in 73 (22%), and cavernous venous occlusive disease in 57 (17%). Forty-three men (13%) had normal erectile responses to prostaglandin E1 (10 to 20 μg). Of the 59 men who tried vardenafil, 19% were younger than 50, 17% were 51 to 60, 40% were 61 to 70, and 23% were older than 70 years. The Doppler diagnoses were arterial insufficiency in 28 (42%), mixed vascular insufficiency in 10 (19%), and cavernous venous occlusive disease in 15 (29%). Six men (8%) had normal erectile responses to prostaglandin E1. Only 7 (12%) of the 59 men reported that home vardenafil dosing resulted in successful intercourse. Conclusions An appropriate diagnostic evaluation and subsequent treatment algorithm have yet to be established for those for whom phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors fail. We found that most sildenafil nonresponders had severe arterial insufficiency and were older, with 62% older than 60 years. Our preliminary experience suggests that only a small percentage (12%) of sildenafil nonresponders can be salvaged with vardenafil.
Formation of a histidine-peroxide adduct by H2O2 or ionizing radiation on histidine: chemical and microbiological properties.

We find that small amounts of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of histidine strongly inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in glucose medium (pH 70). Other amino acids and analogues, e.g. imidazole, alanine, and histamine, are relatively or completely inactive under the same conditions. We also find that gamma-irradiated oxygenated solutions of histidine inhibit bacterial growth to an extent proportional to the amount of H2 0 2 produced radiolytically. In the glucose-containing microbiological growth medium (pH 70, t = 37°c), the presence of histidine greatly retards the normal rate of disappearance of added H202. These and other chemical and microbiological observations reported here suggest that histidine and H202 readily form a stable adduct. A histidine-peroxide crystalline adduct has been prepared and chemically characterized (Dirscherl and Mosebach 1954). Subsequently the preparation of other amino-acid-peroxide adducts has been described (Dirscherl and Moersler 1964).
Femtosecond photon echo and virtual echo measurements of the vibronic and vibrational coherence relaxation times of iodine vapor

Abstract Femtosecond three-pulse four-wave mixing (FWM) techniques are used to sort and measure the processes that contribute to coherence relaxation. We compare the observed relaxation times for vibronic coherence using photon echo (PE) and reverse transient grating (RTG) measurements at different temperatures to isolate inhomogeneous and homogeneous components. Different pulse sequences are used to select ground or excited state vibrational coherences. Measurements of ground and excited state wave packet spreading times due to anharmonicity, a process that does not involve energy dissipation or phase relaxation, are also presented.
Using Line and Texture to Visualize Higher-Order Voronoi Diagrams

Higher-order Voronoi diagrams provide a useful tool for studying problems where more than one nearest site is of interest. Understanding and visualizing higher-order Voronoi diagrams is more difficult than ordinary Voronoi diagrams. We propose new techniques using color, line and texture to visualize k-order diagrams. Approaches we develop have several interesting characteristics such as providing useful multi-dimensional information when even a small portion of the figure is available.
Surgical Technique for Laparoscopic Removal of a Magnetic Lower Esophageal Sphincter Augmentation Device

Abstract Background: Nissen fundoplication is the current gold standard for surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease; however, a magnetic antireflux device is now an alternative surgical procedure. The early literature shows good reflux control with minimal complications, and therefore placement of these devices is growing in popularity. As more of these devices are placed, there will be cases in which they will need to be removed. A laparoscopic method for removing the device is presented here. Materials and Methods: We present a case of a 42-year-old female with history of gastroesophageal reflux who underwent a laparoscopic placement of a magnetic lower esophageal sphincter augmentation device and repair of a small hiatal hernia. She had a complicated postoperative course before presenting to our institution with a 2-year history of persistent dysphagia and requesting the device be removed. Laparoscopic removal of the device was performed. Results: After laparoscopic removal of the patien...
Tuberculous peritonitis and endometritis mimicking a "frozen pelvis".

Amsterdam, 1977, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologi! ts. 3. Stubblefield, P. G.: Pulmonary edema occurring after therapy with dexamethasone and terbutaline for premature labor: A case report, AM. ]. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 132:341, 1978. 4. Steer, C. M., and Petrie, R. H.: A comparison of magnesium sulfate and alcohol for the prevention of premature labor, AM. J. 0BSTET. GYNECOL. 129:1, 1977. 5. Mroczer, W. ]., Lee, W. R., and Davidov, M. E.: Effect of magnesium sulfate on cardiovascular hemodynamics, Angiology 28:7~'0, 1977.
The effect of chlordiazepoxide and propranolol on glycemic conditioning in rats

A tendency toward conditioned hyperglycemia occurred in rats with a history of insulin administration in a novel environment. This response was accentuated in rats that received propranolol (5 mg/kg) pretreatment either during the conditioning phase only or both during the conditioning phase and on the test day. Pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide (CDP; 10 mg/kg) either during the conditioning phase only or on the test day only eliminated conditioning, whereas in a previous experiment, pretreatment with CDP (same dose) during both the conditioning phase and on the test day reversed the conditioned hyperglycemic response to one of conditioned hypoglycemia. Other results included the following: (1) CDP pretreatment reduced the novelty-induced elevation of plasma glucose, but not of corticosterone; (2) CDP pretreatment reliably interfered with insulin-induced hypoglycemia; (3) first-time administration of propranolol on the test day for conditioning raised plasma glucose levels; (4) a shift from CDP to saline pretreatment on the test day for conditioning raised corticosterone levels; (5) habituation to environmental novelty was evident in the corticosterone measure, but not in the plasma glucose measure.
Anion selectivity of the chloride-transport process in dog tracheal epithelium

We have measured the fluxes of 82Br or 131I across short-circuited dog tracheal epithelium following complete replacement of chloride in the bathing medium by either bromide or iodide. In addition, we have partly replaced the bathing chloride with bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate and studied the effects of these anions on 36Cl fluxes. Our results show that the affinity sequence for the chloride transport process is I > Br congruent to Cl, that Br is transported, but that I is not. Thiocyanate is a potent inhibitor of chloride transport, and its effects are greater than those predicted by a simple competitive interaction with chloride for transport sites.
Building Common Ground and Interacting through Natural Language

Natural language is a uniquely convenient means of communication due to, among its other properties, its flexibility and its openness to interpretation. These properties of natural language are largely made possible by its heavy dependence on context and common ground. Drawing on elements of Clark’s account of language use, we view natural language interactions as a coordination problem involving agents who work together to convey and thus coordinate their interaction goals. In the modeling work presented here, a sequence of interrelated modules developed in the Polyscheme cognitive architecture is used to implement several stages of reasoning the user of a simple video application would expect an addressee—ultimately, the application—to work through, if the interaction goal was to locate a scene they had previously viewed together.
Depth Sensitive Imaging of Defects in Epilayers and Single Crystals Using White Beam Synchrotron Radiation Topography in Grazing Bragg-Laue Geometry.

The technique of Synchrotron White Beam topographic imaging in grazing Bragg-Laue geometries has been developed at the Stony Brook synchrotron topography station at the NSLS. This technique enables imaging of defects in subsurface regions of thickness which can range from hundreds of Angstroms to hundreds of microns as determined by the penetration depth of the X-rays. This penetration depth, which is shown to be determined by the kinematical theory of X-ray diffraction, can be conveniently varied, in a controlled manner, by simple manipulation of the diffraction geometry, thereby enabling a depth profiling of the defect content. The fundamentals of the technique are described, and its advantages and disadvantages compared to existing techniques are discussed in detail. Examples of application of the technique in the characterization of defects in thin epitaxial films of GaAs on Si, are given, and the general applicability of the technique is discussed.
Anaphylaxis Reactions Between Proteins from Seeds of Different Genera of Plants The Biologic Reactions of the Vegetable Proteins, VII

Recent investigations have clearly shown that the specificity of the anaphylaxis reaction depends upon the chemical constitution of the protein, and not upon its biologic origin. The biologic specificity shown when animal fluids or vegetable extracts are used as antigens is consequently due to the fact that the protein constituents of these fluids, or extracts, are specific for each organism. The specificity of the anaphylaxis reaction is therefore an expression of the specificity of the proteins for the plant or animal from which the material for the experiments was derived. Whether this specificity which is revealed by the anaphylactic reaction implies identity of chemical constitution, or the presence of identical groups, or radicals, in the molecules of the proteins inducing this reaction, cannot be definitely settled until some method is discovered by which the chemical individuality of protein preparations can be positively demonstrated. In numerous instances we have found that carefully purified preparations of a protein from one species can sensitize guinea-pigs to equally carefully purified preparations of physically and chemically similar, tho apparently structurally different, proteins from another species. Thus we have shown that guinea-pigs sensitized with gliadin from wheat are intoxicated with hordein from barley, the reaction being almost as strong as when they are intoxicated with gliadin from wheat. The same is true when the order of treatment is reversed.1