cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testosterone and dominance in men.

In men, high levels of endogenous testosterone (T) seem to encourage behavior intended to dominate - to enhance one's status over - other people. Sometimes dominant behavior is aggressive, its apparent intent being to inflict harm on another person, but often dominance is expressed nonaggressively. Sometimes dominant behavior takes the form of antisocial behavior, including rebellion against authority and law breaking. Measurement of T at a single point in time, presumably indicative of a man's basal T level, predicts many of these dominant or antisocial behaviors. T not only affects behavior but also responds to it. The act of competing for dominant status affects male T levels in two ways. First, T rises in the face of a challenge, as if it were an anticipatory response to impending competition. Second, after the competition, T rises in winners and declines in losers. Thus, there is a reciprocity between T and dominance behavior, each affecting the other. We contrast a reciprocal model, in which T level is variable, acting as both a cause and effect of behavior, with a basal model, in which T level is assumed to be a persistent trait that influences behavior. An unusual data set on Air Force veterans, in which data were collected four times over a decade, enables us to compare the basal and reciprocal models as explanations for the relationship between T and divorce. We discuss sociological implications of these models.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS AFTER THE INGESTION OF BUCKWHEAT

The chief points presented in this paper are: 1. Following the ingestion of buckwheat (plant or seed) varicolored guinea pigs, white swine and goats exhibited symptoms of photosensitization, the degree of sensitization being in the order given. 2. Rabbits, dogs, white mice and rats did not manifest symptoms of photosensitization. 3. The symptoms and reactions were: agitation, itching, scratching of the ears, weakness, urticaria with sloughing and symptoms similar to those in anaphylaxis. 4. Microscopic examinations showed the lack of marked pathologic change. The lesions, such as petechial hemorrhage of the lungs, brain, liver, stomach and kidneys, suggest that profound toxemia has been present. 5. Lesions were not found which appeared to be suggestive of malignant neoplasms. 6. Irradiation by a quartz mercury vapor lamp apparently develops a resistance to photosensitization, probably because of increased pigmentation induced by ultra-violet light. 7. From the nature of the physiologic and pathologic reactions produced under various filters and from a consideration of the percentages of transmission of solar energy in the visible spectrum, it would seem that the region of photosensitization lies between 580 millimicrons (yellow) and the red end of the spectrum. This conclusion, moreover, is substantiated by the fact that irradiation by a quartz mercury vapor lamp (which radiates no energy in the visible spectrum at a wave-length greater than 579 millimicrons) produces no symptoms or reactions. 8. Spectrophotometric determinations of alcoholic extracts of grass (non-toxic) and of buckwheat (toxic) show the presence of two additional bands in the absorption spectrum of buckwheat with maxima at about 540 and 600 millimicrons, respectively, together with the common absorption zones at 430 to 490 millimicrons and 630 to 690 millimicrons. 9. Spectrophotometric determinations of blood serums of sensitized animals show, besides the usual absorption bands peculiar to oxyhemoglobin (with maxima at 540 and 580 millimicrons respectively), two zones with maxima at 600 and 660 millimicrons respectively. 10. The fluorescence of chlorophyll per se, as suggested by previous investigators, is not, in all probability, the cause of the sensitization induced by buckwheat. 11. Hematoporphyrine is not the photodynamic substance in all probability. 12. Phylloporphyrine may be the photodynamic substance. In this regard, also, the possibility of cholehematin is not to be ruled out.
A new method for measuring the blood loss during the third stage of labor

Summary A new method of measuring the blood loss during the third stage of labor is presented. The apparatus is described in detail so that comparative figures might be obtained from the various clinics of the country. It permits accurate determination of the blood loss throughout the entire period of the third stage. The fact estimations of blood loss at the time of delivery are misleading cannot be over-emphasized.
Ideological Development in the Postwar Period

With the end of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Hitler, the socialist press was banned, property seized, and the party itself finally outlawed. Thousands of party leaders and functionaries were forced into camps or exile, or put to death. Inside Germany, at least, party activity virtually stopped while World War II was fought to its conclusion. When the nightmare was over, the surviving socialists met to re-establish their party. At the first official conference, Kurt Schumacher was elected party chairman. His political views, evolved in Hitler’s camps, were to guide the party in theory and practice in the postwar years.
Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean

to 52 plants m � 2 and biomass to 512 g m � 2 , and resulted in soybean yields � 3775 kg ha � 1 . The sequential applications of glyphosate plus acetochlor applied PP followed by early POST or late POST resulted in equivalent weed control to the best herbicide combinations included in this study and soybean yield equivalent to the weed free control. Injury to soybean was B10% in each of the treatments evaluated. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor can be a good option for soybean growers for controlling grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds if applied in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in tankmixture with herbicides of other modes of action.
Endonasal Surgery, Expanded

Expanded endonasal surgery refers to the approaches to the skull base by operating through the nostrils. The most common pathologies addressed include pituitary tumors, spontaneous skull-base leaks, craniopharyngiomas, clival tumors, and meningiomas. Surgeons use long, specialized instruments to work in the narrow corridor of the nose. The most common complications include surgical irritation of the nose and spinal fluid leakage out the nose. Endoscopy is an increasingly attractive option for selected patients because it offers a good cosmetic outcome and less postoperative pain than traditional craniotomy.
Differentiable Manifolds with an Area Measure

In this section we fix some notations and give a definition of an area measure on a differentiate manifold, where throughout the paper the word differentiable implies differentiability of class C∞. Let M denote a differentiate manifold of dimension n and call a set of m linearly independent vectors {e1, … , em } at a point of M an m-frame of M. The set E′ of all such m-frames can be given the structure of a differentiable fibre bundle over M and we denote the projection of E' onto M by π′.
Experimental-theoretical correlations of impulsively loaded clamped circular plates

Clamped circular plates are impulsively loaded with sheet explosive, and the resulting large-defection response is monitored using a high-speed streak camera, and dynamic-strain measurements. Dynamic and final-plate deflections as well as strain-time histories of various locations on the plates are compared to deflections and strains obtained with the elastic-plastic structural computer program DEPROSS. It is shown that DEPROSS adequately computes the dynamic response of this highly nonlinear biaxial-stress problem.
Vitamin D, Sunlight, and the Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

The hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of clinical prostate cancer has stimulated an extensive body of research. Ecologic studies have shown that mortality rates from prostate cancer are inversely correlated with levels of ultraviolet radiation, the principal source of vitamin D. Human prostate cells express receptors for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D which exerts pleitropic anticancer effects on these cells in vitro and in animal models. Moreover, normal prostate cells synthesize 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D from circulating levels of 25-OHD, whose levels are dependent on exposure to ultraviolet light. Analytic epidemiologic studies of vitamin D and prostate cancer have focused on polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), on serum vitamin D levels, and on solar exposure. A role for VDR polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk and progression is established. Prospective studies of serum 25(OH)D do not support a protective role for higher levels of 25(OH)D on prostate cancer risk overall, but a role for vitamin D deficiency is supported by several studies. Conversely, a growing body of evidence implicates low levels of 25-OHD with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer. The results of most epidemiologic studies of sunlight exposure are consistent with a protective effect of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The discrepancy between the results of studies of solar exposure and studies of serum 25-OHD may be related to methodological differences and to uncertainties regarding the critical period for vitamin D exposure. Additionally, both high dietary intake of calcium and high levels of calcium in serum are positively associated with prostate cancer risk. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of prostate cancer may differ by calcium intake.
Surveillance of Influenza in Huludao,2009-2010

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Huludao and provide evidence for the control and prevention of influenza.Methods From September 2009 to March 2010,epidemiological and etiological surveillances of influenza were conducted by using the influenza surveillance system.Results The average proportion of outpatient visit for influenza-like illness(ILI) was 4.93%,reaching its peak from week 43 to 45 in 2009.ILI mainly occurred in age group under 15 years.The positive rate of influenza virus was 38.86%,Influenza A(H1N1) virus was predominant,accounting for 55.73%.Conclusion The pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) resulted in the fluctuation of influenza incidence,the intensity of epidemic might be related with the virus types and herd immunity.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of influenza among adolescents and children.
Genetic and Molecular Analyses of UniformMu Transposon Insertion Lines

The UniformMu transposon population is a large public resource for reverse genetics and functional genomics of maize. Users access the collection of UniformMu genetic stocks that are freely distributed by the Maize Cooperation Stock Center using online tools maintained at MaizeGDB.org. Genetic and molecular analyses of UniformMu stocks (UFMu insertion lines) typically require development of genotyping assays that use a gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to follow segregation of transposon insertions in genes of interest. Here we describe methods for accessing the resource and recommended protocols for genotyping of transposon insertion alleles.
Ronald D. Miller: Tribute to a Past Editor-in-Chief

For anesthesiologists around the world who have practiced or trained in the past 4 decades, the name Ronald Miller, MD, has been synonymous with a commitment to excellence that has been evident in all aspects of his remarkable career as a distinguished clinician-scientist, editor, writer, and educator. Dr. Miller’s contributions as Editor-in-Chief of Anesthesia & Analgesia (1991–2006) have stimulated this salutation of his career and of his influence on transforming the Journal.
MET signaling in keratinocytes activates EGFR and initiates squamous carcinogenesis

The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is abundant in many human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but its functional significance in tumorigenesis is not clear. We found that the incidence of carcinogen-induced skin squamous tumors was substantially increased in transgenic MT-HGF (mouse metallothionein-hepatocyte growth factor) mice, which have increased abundance of the MET ligand HGF. Squamous tumors also erupted spontaneously on the skin of MT-HGF mice that were promoted by wounding or the application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C. Carcinogen-initiated tumors had Ras mutations, but spontaneous tumors did not. Cultured keratinocytes from MT-HGF mice and oncogenic RAS-transduced keratinocytes shared phenotypic and biochemical features of initiation that were dependent on autocrine activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through increased synthesis and release of EGFR ligands, which was mediated by the kinase SRC, the pseudoproteases iRhom1 and iRhom2, and the metallopeptidase ADAM17. Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR caused the regression of MT-HGF squamous tumors that developed spontaneously in orthografts of MT-HGF keratinocytes combined with dermal fibroblasts and implanted onto syngeneic mice. The global gene expression profile in MET-transformed keratinocytes was highly concordant with that in RAS-transformed keratinocytes, and a core RAS/MET coexpression network was activated in precancerous and cancerous human skin lesions. Tissue arrays revealed that many human skin SCCs have abundant HGF at both the transcript and protein levels. Thus, through the activation of EGFR, MET activation parallels a RAS pathway to contribute to human and mouse cutaneous cancers.
Ideas versus Vested Interests

This chapter addresses the relative importance of ideas and vested interests in influencing politics and public policy. The chapter considers the significance of competing arguments versus competition among economic interests in creating political alignments and in affecting income distribution. The thoughts of prominent modern economists are employed along with The Federalists Papers and social science research to shed light on whether it is ideas or vested interests that most impact society. The chapter ends with some thoughts on the impact of economic education and research on ideas and policy.
The role of localized inductive electric fields in electron injections around dipolarizing flux bundles

We study energetic electron injections using an analytical model that self-consistently describes electric and magnetic field perturbations of a transient, localized dipolarizing flux bundle (DFB). This simple model reproduce most injection signatures at multiple locations simultaneously, reaffirming earlier findings that an earthward-traveling DFB can both transport and accelerate electrons to suprathermal energies, and can thus be considered an important driver of short-lived (~ < 10 min) injections. We find that energetic electron drift paths are greatly influenced by the sharp magnetic field gradients around a localized DFB. Because a DFB is so localized (only a few RE wide across the tail), there are strong duskward magnetic field gradients on the DFB's dawn flank and strong dawnward magnetic field gradients on its dusk flank. Electrons on the DFB's dawnside therefore ∇Bdrift farther earthward from the reconnection site, whereas electrons on its duskside can potentially evacuate the inner magnetosphere by ∇B drifting tailward. This results in flux decrease at the front's duskside. As a result, the source of electrons observed during injection depends sensitively on the spacecraft location relative to the DFB and on the DFB's properties. We similarly find that the process of electron energization depends on how the electrons interact with the DFB. The initial injection signature is from electrons that interact with the front and gain the majority of their energy from the increasing magnetic field (∂B/∂t), whereas populations that arrive later gain most of their energy from ∇B drifting across the flow channel and against the DFB's electric fields.
Back to the soil: retroviruses and transposons

Transposable elements (TEs) have exerted an impact on genome evolution that is at once substantial and fundamental. They have promoted phenotypic diversity because of their potential for effecting genetic alteration in a great variety of settings and with significant magnitude. Both ancient and omnipresent, TEs can benefit lineages while simultaneously proving detrimental to some individuals. Transposable elements play reformatting, building, and sculpting roles as they effect changes in the genome through both direct and indirect means. Thus, their impact on soil microbes can be substantial. As short DNA sequences, TEs possess the capability to migrate between diverse sites within the genome, a capacity that enables them to promote genomic mutations in a number of ways, ranging from the most limited regulatory mutations to the most extensive rearrangements of the genome. Scientists who pioneered the original discovery of TEs announced their potential roles in genomic adaptation, which was sharply contested by other theorists. Such was the misunderstanding of the beneficial roles of TEs that for over two decades they were regarded almost exclusively in a negative light as genome-damaging intragenomic parasites. A major watershed in TE research came when the Drosophila melanogaster genome was sequenced, which unleashed unprecedented analysis of TEs. This path breaking investigation resulted in the initial identification of TE-produced adaptations in Drosophila melanogaster. Subsequent studies illuminated the fundamental contributions of TEs in the processes of adaptive evolution. This important inference was the product of a methodical search of the entire genome that focused on adaptive insertions that resulted from TEs.
GW26-e4631 Prenatal diagnosis of ductus arteriosus constriction: report of six cases and review of the literature

To describe a series of fetal ductus arteriosus constriction and review the literatures. The databases were searched for all cases of ductal constriction detected during the last 3 years. The following variables were analyzed: gestational age at diagnosis, indication for echocardiography, presence
Toward a Standard Sexual Behavior Data Set for HIV Prevention Evaluation.

As in other areas of health risk management behavioral outcome measures used in HIV prevention research need to be standardized. Such a course would help both comparison studies and the attainment of consensus upon what constitutes practical change. Once a given minimum data set has been agreed upon methods for collecting valid and reliable behavior data can be fine-tuned through the collective efforts of multiple groups of investigators rather than each group working only to improve their particular assessment instrument. Standardization ensures that appropriate data are collected and that measures will be sensitive enough to detect changes in controlled studies. As a first step toward the goal of standardization interested HIV prevention researchers should be gathered to discuss the appropriate elements of a minimum standardized data set. The candidate minimum data set proposed includes the number of sexual intercourse partners; number of acts of unprotected intercourse per partner; and number of condom-protected intercourse acts per partner.
Homogeneous Suspensions in Circular Conduits

The object of this investigation was to determine the magnitude of the head losses caused by the conveyance of solid-liquid mixtures through circular conduits of variable slopes. The study concentrated on the problem of transporting the mixtures in complete suspension, i.e. so that none of the solid particles settle to the bottom of the pipe. Even within the transport problem of complete suspension, a distinction between homogeneous and heterogeneous suspensions must be made. A homogeneous suspension is possible only if the solid-distribution is uniform over the pipe cross section. In the case of heterogeneous suspensions, a concentration gradient exists. For the case of homogeneous suspension, head loss equations were developed and experimentally verified.
Role of hepcidin-ferroportin axis in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of anemia of chronic inflammation

Anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) is a frequently diagnosed anemia and portends an independently increased morbidity and poor outcome associated with multiple underlying diseases. The pathophysiology of ACI is multifactorial, resulting from the effects of inflammatory cytokines which both directly and indirectly suppress erythropoiesis. Recent advances in molecular understanding of iron metabolism provide strong evidence that immune mediators, such as IL-6, lead to hepcidin-induced hypoferremia, iron sequestration, and decreased iron availability for erythropoiesis. The role of hepcidin-ferroportin axis in the pathophysiology of ACI is stimulating the development of new diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this review, we present an overview of and rationale for inflammation-, iron-, and erythropoiesis-related strategies currently in development.
Teaching Consultation Skills Using Interdepartmental Collaboration and Supervision with a Mixed-Reality Simulator.

ABSTRACTIndividualized consultation is defined as one person (consultant) working with another person (consultee) to benefit a third (client). Learning how to be a consultant is a process with developmental stages ranging from novice to expert. The current study focuses on an integrated skills-based training experience for those in the novice stage. This training experience consisted of three parts: (a) interdepartmental collaboration, (b) use of a mixed-reality simulator, and (c) direct supervision from faculty. Specifically, consultants (graduate school psychology students) worked with consultees (undergraduate, preservice special education students) to benefit virtual clients (avatar students in a virtual classroom). The respective faculty provided supervision to both the consultants and consultees. Quantitative results found that both preservice school psychologists and preservice special education teachers rated the experience positively. Qualitative data found that improvements could be made to prov...
Prehension in the pigeon. II. Kinematic analysis.

During eating, the pigeon's jaw functions as a prehensile organ, i.e., as an effector organ involved in the grasping and manipulation of objects. The preceding paper provided a descriptive account of the jaw opening movements associated with each phase of the eating behavior sequence. For two of these movements, Grasping and Mandibulation, the amplitude of jaw opening is adjusted to pellet size. In the present study a kinematic analysis of these movements was carried out to clarify the motor control mechanisms mediating these adjustments. The analysis was carried out within the conceptual framework provided by a “pulse-control” model of targeted movement. For each of the movements the extent to which opening amplitude, its first and second derivatives and its rise time are scaled to pellet size was determined. Relationships among these kinematic variables were then examained in order to distinguish between “pulse-height” and “pulse-width” strategies. In addition, the possibility that “corrective adjustments” to the trajectory are made during its execution was also explored using a multiple regression analysis developed by Gordon and Ghez (1987a, b). For both movements, peak opening amplitude, acceleration and velocity are scaled to pellet size and these variables account for most of the variance in opening amplitude. The kinematic analysis suggests that critical parameters of the trajectory are determined (“programmed”) prior to its initiation. Moreover, pigeons, like cats and humans, appear to utilize a “pulse-height” strategy for the control of amplitude scaling during targeted movements. Finally, the multiple regression analysis suggests that, like humans, pigeons modulate rise time during the decelerative phase of the jaw opening response to correct for errors in its initial programmed trajectory. In view of the differences in species and methodology between the present study and previous work on motor control mechanisms in mammals, the findings suggest that the conceptual framework provided by “pulse-control” theory has considerable generality. They also confirm the utility of the pigeon's prehensile behavior as a “model system” for the study of motor control.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia—A case report

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is known to be associated rarely with myeloid malignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia. In this article, we report an extremely rare occurrence of acute promyelocytic leukemia in a patient with CLL. A 71-year-old man first presented to our clinic with a diagnosis of CLL and worsening motor neuropathy symptoms. It was suspected that his CLL might be contributing to the neuropathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome, and he was treated with rituximab monotherapy in weekly doses for the 1st month and monthly treatments thereafter. By the end of his sixth monthly course of rituximab, the patient noted significant improvement in neuropathy symptoms but reported experiencing a new-onset worsening fatigue. He had new-onset cytopenias (white blood cells 1.6 k/µL, hemoglobin 11.7 g/dL, and platelet count 77 k/µL). A bone marrow examination was performed; it showed a high percentage of progranulocytes (21%), which stained positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and demonstrated a fine granular pattern on the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) oncogenic domain immunofluorescence test. The diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, which showed a PML/RARα rearrangement in 46% of interphases. Flow cytometry was consistent with immunophenotype of acute promyelocytic leukemia and minimal residual CLL (0.07%). The patient was started promptly on all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide induction regimen. Molecular remission was achieved after the first consolidation cycle. The patient is currently past his fourth consolidation cycle of all-trans-retinoic acid/arsenic trioxide and continues to be in complete remission. Our case illustrates that it is important for the physicians to be aware of coexistent hematologic and solid tumor malignancies in CLL, and maintain a low threshold for diagnostic testing based on grounds of low clinical suspicion.
Appropriateness of patients transferred with orthopedic injuries: experience of a level I trauma center

Trauma patients are frequently transferred to a higher level of care for specialized orthopedic care. Many of these transfers are not necessary and waste valuable resources. The purpose of this study was to quantify our own experience and to assess the appropriateness of orthopedic transfers to a level I trauma center emergency department. A retrospective review of orthopedic emergency department transfers to a level I trauma center was performed. Data collected included time of transfer, injury severity score (ISS), age, gender, race, orthopedic coverage at transfer institution, and insurance status. Two orthopedic trauma surgeons graded the appropriateness of transfer. A weighted logistic regression model was used to compare dependent and independent variables. A total of 324 patient transfers were reviewed; 65 (20.1%) of them were graded as inappropriate. There was no statistically significant relationship between appropriateness of transfer and age, availability of orthopedic coverage, night/weekend transfer, or insurance status. Regression analysis showed that only ISS (OR 1.130, p = .008) and “polytrauma” (OR 25.39, p < .0001) designation were associated with increased odds ratio of appropriate transfer. The kappa coefficient for inter-rater reliability between the two raters was 0.505 (95% CI, 0.388–0.623) reflecting moderate agreement. Inappropriate transfers create a significant medical burden to our health care system using valuable resources. Our study found similar results of inappropriate transfers compared to previous studies. However, we did not find a relationship between insurance status or nights/weekends and transfer appropriateness.
“A Sound Without a Message”: Childhood, Embodied Memory, and the Representation of Famine in Oksana Zabushko’s The Museum of Abandoned Secrets

This essay contends that the traumatic memory of hunger is articulated not only through survivors’ verbal and oral accounts, but also through their bodily habits and rituals. To this end, this essay analyzes how Oksana Zabushko’s novel, The Museum of Abandoned Secrets, demonstrates the persistence of embodied memories of the Soviet-Ukrainian famine of 1931–1933 (or the “Holodomor”) even during periods when its discussion or aesthetic representation was explicitly forbidden by the Soviet state. Specifically, it considers how an apparently innocent game played by Ukrainian girls covertly re-enacted the initial conditions of this famine, and thus sustained its memory throughout successive periods of Soviet repression.
Antibiotic-Responsive Bioart: Exploring DIYbio as a Design Studio Practice

Our work links hybrid practices from biology, fine arts, and design in a studio setting to support materially-oriented engagement with biotechnology. Using autoethnographic methods, we present our two-year process of converting an HCI studio into a BSL-1 (biosafety level 1) facility, our iterative development of low-cost tools, and our own self-reflexive experimentation with (DIY)bio protocols. Insights from this work led us to design a weeklong bioart course, whereby junior highschool students creatively "painted" with bacteria and antibiotic substances, digitally designed stencils from the resulting petri dish images, and screenprinted them onto physical artifacts. Our findings reveal the nuances of working with biological, analog, and digital materials in a design studio setting. We conclude by reflecting on DIYbio studio as a gathering of diverse actors who work with hybrid materials to give physical form to matters of concern.
Web service injection attack detection

Injection attacks on web services can expose valuable information resources. To protect deployed web services against injection attacks, it is important to have defense techniques. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are popular defense techniques to mitigate network layer attacks. This paper proposes an IDS for mitigating injection attacks on web services. We apply Genetic Algorithm (GA) as part of new attack signature generation for web services. The approach has been applied to a prototype web service and was found effective in generation of new attack signatures.
Embryo morphology, developmental rates, and maternal age are correlated with chromosome abnormalities*

Objective To determine some of the unresolved questions related to chromosome anomalies in early human embryos, such are the detection of any advanced maternal age effect; the complete assessment of mosaicism, which requires analysis of all cells; and the relationship with embryonic dysmorphism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used in this study to answer these issues. Design Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of human embryos using simultaneously probes for three or five chromosomes. Five hundred twenty-four cleavage-stage human embryos obtained by IVF were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Embryos were allocated into three groups according to morphological and developmental characteristics (arrested; slow and/or fragmented; morphologically and developmentally normal). The embryos also were analyzed according to maternal age. Results Dysmorphic embryos had higher rates of polyploidy and diploid mosaicism. Aneuploidy increased with maternal age in nonarrested embryos. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis successfully detected these abnormalities. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, in morphologically and developmentally normal human embryos, cleavage-stage aneuploidy significantly increases with maternal age. The results suggest that implantation failure in older women largely could be due to aneuploidy.
Pornography, Sex, and Censorship

An observer of American attitudes toward pornography faces a bewildering duality: on the one hand, we buy and read and view more of it than just about anyone else, while, on the other hand, we seek to suppress it as hard as anybody else. I presume that these facts do not merely reflect a judgment of social utilities, namely, that the best balance of goods is achieved by having it available, but under conditions of prohibition.1 I believe, in fact, that this state of things reflects aspects of our attitudes toward sex, and much of the current controversy has tended to obscure this fact, and to ignore important issues concerning sex and freedom to which the pornography issue points.
What Would Jesus Do? A Reflection on the Role of Religion and Ethics

The purpose of the chapter is to explore the role of religion and ethics in the creation and mitigation of segregation. The research of Lincoln and Mamiya (The Black Church in African-American experience. Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 1990), Stassen and Gushee (2003), Hayes (Forged in the Fiery Furnace: African-American Spirituality. Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2012), Irving (Waking up white: and finding myself in the story of race. Elephant Room Press, Cambridge, MA, 2014), Massingale (Racial Justice and the Catholic Church. Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2014), Stevenson (America’s Original Sin: racism, white privilege, and the bridge to a New America. Brazos Press, Ada, MI, 2016), Ward (The fire this time: a new generation speaks about race. Scribner, New York, 2016), and Dyson (Tears we cannot stop: a sermon to White America. St. Martin’s Press, New York, 2017) informed this focus-group agenda. Two main themes emerged from the conversation. The first was that all the mainstream religions had both perpetuated racism and segregation as well as fought for their demise. The second was that contemporary faith-based groups have lost the commitment that they once had to social justice in the 1960s. Nevertheless, the discussants maintained that all Americans, whether they are religiously affiliated or not, have a moral imperative to address the injustices which African Americans continue to endure. In the accompanying essay, “Race-Neutral Language and the Catholic Obsession with Innocence: A St. Louis Priest’s Homily in the Wake of Michael Brown’s Death,” Aimee VonBokel argues that mainstream religions—American Catholicism in particular—have used the allusion that simply not causing harm excuses them from actively working to undo social injustices.
Estimating the burden and economic impact of pediatric genetic disease

To identify the economic impact of pediatric patients with clinical indications of genetic disease (GD) on the US health-care system. Using the 2012 Kids’ Inpatient Database, we identified pediatric inpatient discharges with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes linked to genetic disease, including well-established genetic disorders, neurological diseases, birth defects, and other physiological or functional abnormalities with a genetic basis. Cohort characteristics and health-care utilization measures were analyzed. Discharges with a GD-associated primary diagnosis were used to estimate the minimum burden; discharges with GD-associated primary or secondary codes established the maximum burden. Of 5.85 million weighted discharges, 2.6–14% included GD-associated ICD-9-CM codes. For these discharges, mean total costs were $16,000–77,000 higher (P < 0.0001) in neonates and $12,000–17,000 higher (P < 0.0001) in pediatric patients compared with background, corresponding to significantly higher total charges and lengths of stay. Aggregate total charges for suspected GD accounted for $14 to $57 billion (11–46%) of the “national bill” for pediatric patients in 2012. Pediatric inpatients with diagnostic codes linked to genetic disease have a significant and disproportionate impact on resources and costs in the US health-care system.
Ephrin receptor A4 (EphA4) is a new Kaposi\'s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus virus entry receptor

Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human γ-herpesvirus associated with the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). KSHV target cells include endothelial cells, B cells, monocytes, epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. KSHV entry into target cells is a complex multistep process and is initiated by the binding and interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the cellular receptors. In our current studies, we have found that EphA4 promotes KSHV gH/gL-mediated fusion and infection better than EphA2 in HEK293T cells indicating that EphA4 is a new KSHV entry receptor. To confirm that epithelial cells express EphA2 and EphA4, we analyzed the expression of EphA2 and EphA4 in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, B cells, monocytes, fibroblasts using RNA-seq data analysis of existing data sets. We found these cell types broadly express both EphA2 and EphA4 with the exception of monocytes and B cells. To confirm EphA4 is important for KSHV fusion and infection, we generated EphA2 and EphA4 single and double knockout cells. We found that both EphA2 and EphA4 play a role in KSHV fusion and infection, since EphA2/EphA4 double knockout cells had the greatest decrease in fusion activity and infection compared to single knockout cells. Fusion and infection of KSHV was rescued in the EphA2/EphA4 double knock cells upon overexpression of EphA2 and/or EphA4. EphA2 binds to both EBV and KSHV gH/gL; however, EphA4 binds only to KSHV gH/gL. Taken together, our results identify EphA4 as a new entry receptor for KSHV. Importance The overall entry mechanism for herpesviruses is not completely known including that for the human γ-herpesviruses Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To fully understand the herpesvirus entry process, functional receptors need to be identified. In our current study, we found that EphA4 can also function for a KSHV entry receptor along with EphA2. Interestingly, we found that EphA4 does not function as an entry receptor for EBV whereas EphA2 does. The discovery of EphA4 as KSHV entry receptor has important implications for KSHV pathogenesis in humans and may prove useful in understanding the unique pathogenesis of KSHV infection in humans and may uncover new potential targets that can be used for the development of novel interventional strategies.
¿Puede considerarse que traer niños al mundo es contrario a sus intereses? Interpretación de la sustentación o la subrogación global de la madre entre el derecho internacional y el de la Unión Europea

The present work is concentrated on the analysis of “global” surrogacy according to international and european rules. The interpretative process that we have followed allows us to think that many values, principles, and so on both at the international, community and national levels can be countered-and often are by specialist doctrine-fears of contamination and, ultimately, of fragmentation of national conflict systems. In prassi, private international law and the family status in particular, are not ontologically different from any other field of domestic law that undergoes the inevitable transformations due to the opening to international and european normative values and social developments that, whether they like it or not, they are determined for the future of subrogation as a global phenomenon.
The Newark Frontier: community action in the great society

When the War on Poverty began in 1964, the national poverty rate was 19% and the Black poverty rate was 55%. Today, those rates are 12.3 and 21.2%, respectively. Implicit in much of poverty’s intra...
Covalent Protein Painting Reveals Structural Changes in the Proteome in Alzheimer Disease

Abstract The 3D structures of aberrant protein folds have been visualized in exquisite detail, yet no method has been able to quantitatively measure protein misfolding across a proteome. Here, we present Covalent Protein Painting (CPP), a mass spectrometry-based structural proteomics approach to quantify the accessibility of lysine e-amines for chemical modification at the surface of natively folded proteins. We used CPP to survey 2,645 lysine residues in the proteome of HEK293T cells in vivo and found that mild heat shock increased rather than decreased lysine accessibility for chemical modification. CPP was able to differentiate patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) or Lewy body disease (LBD) or both from controls based on relative accessibility of lysine residues K147, K137, and K28 in Tubulin-β, Succinate dehydrogenase, and amyloid-β peptide, respectively. The alterations of Tubulin-β and Succinate dehydrogenase hint to broader perturbations of the proteome in AD beyond amyloid-β and hyper-phosphorylated tau.
Adult outcomes of childhood bronchiectasis

Recent literature has highlighted the importance of transition from paediatric to adult care for children with chronic conditions. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is an important cause of respir...
Mixed Silane Monolayers Reveal the Disparity of Biotin and Folate in Targeting Cancer Cells

Two small molecular ligands, vitamins biotin and folic acid, were used in selective targeting of cancerous cell attachment to flat surfaces. Such an approach allows assessment of the targeting effe...
Clinical significance of changes of T lymphocyte subtype and serum levels of leukotriene B4 in children with acute leukemia

Objective To study the changes of T lymphocyte subtype levels and serum levels of leukotriene B4 ( LTB4 )in children with acute leukemia (AL). Methods The activity of T lymphocyte subsets:CD3+ T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD8 + T cell levels and NK cell were detected in 40 cases of AL and 40 control by Flow Cytometry(FCM). The serum level of LTB4 was measured by ELISA in all subjects. Results Compared with normal control , the percentages of CD3 + T cells ( [ 49.51 ± 6.53 ] ％ vs [ 67.63 ± 5.23 ] ％ ), CD4 + T cells ([22.15±4.87]％ vs [34.43 ±5.07]％),CD8+ T cell ([23.41 ±3.96]％ vs [28. 17 ±4.61]％),NK cell ( [5.41 ± 4.25 ] ％ vs [ 13.10 ± 4.91 ] ％ ) were significantly lower in children AL patients, ( Ps ＜0.01 ). However,the serum levels of LTB4 increased significantly in AL patients compared with normal control ( [ 25.23 ± 6.24 ] ng/L vs [ 8.28 ± 2.53 ] ng/L, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion T lymphocyte subtype and serum level of LTB4 showed significant changes in children AL patients compared with normal control, which revealed an important theoretical basis to AL pathogenesis. Key words: Acute leukemia; T lymphocyte subtype; Leukotrienes B4
Two Strategies for Teaching Language during Free Play

Two strategies for teaching language in a social context were compared in terms of their effects on the rate, variety, and spontaneity of two-word requests produced by a severely language-delayed p...
A Job for a Year, an Example for a Lifetime: Clerking for Judge Jane Richards Roth

This essay, prepared for a volume on the role of law clerks to lower-court judges, includes reflections on clerking for Judge Jane Roth from the author and several of her other past clerks. It also includes observations on clerking more generally, as well as a brief recounting of the author's own clerkship search in the spring of 1992.
School Reintegration for Youth with Health-Related Conditions

Integrated behavioral health services are becoming more commonplace, yet do not always encompass the school context. Collaborative approaches to meeting the needs of children with chronic illness are critical. For those who miss school during treatment or rehabilitation, reentry to school following extended absence can be problematic. For these students, there are unique additional challenges to consider. School reintegration programs as a component of behavioral health may benefit not only the child with chronic illness but also their peers and school personnel. The existing research is reviewed here along with the implications and the need for additional research to establish most effective approaches.
Health Starting Points: Continuity and Change in Physical and Mental Health before and during the Pandemic:

The pandemic has created multiple changes in the lives of Americans, with growing and widespread concerns about the implications for the nation’s health and well-being. Most empirical examinations ...
An efficient algorithm for the calculation of parasitic coupling between lines in MICs

A novel algorithm is developed to calculate parasitic coupling between transmission lines in an efficient manner. The algorithm works by using the currents and voltages on the lines in the absence of parasitics to calculate independent voltage and current sources, which then give the approximate coupling strength between the various lines. These sources are easy to place in a CAD (computer-aided design) program. The observed splitting of the resonance, for this particular example, is modeled by using dependent sources as calculated from the independent sources. >
Chapter 11 Cellular Protein Content Measurements

Publisher Summary This chapter describes one-step staining procedures involving several dye combinations. These techniques have been applied to a variety of cell types. Cell staining involves the addition of staining solutions directly to ethanolfixed or viable cells. Subsequent flow cytometry (FCM) analysis can be accomplished in the reagent solution after 10–20 min using a single-or dual-laser system or a mercury arc excitation system. FCM provides a method of performing multiple biochemical measurements of both DNA and protein in single cells and allows for subsequent correlation of these metabolic parameters in studies on the relationship between cell growth and the cell division cycle. Simultaneous measurement of DNA and protein also allows assessment of the ratio of protein to DNA that serves as a sensitive gauge on the state of balanced growth of cells located at particular stages of the cell cycle under a variety of experimental conditions.
Undissociated Acidity of Human Gastric Juice: Measurement and relationship to protein buffers

The undissociated acidity of gastric juice represents the difference between titratable acidity and H+ ion concentration as measured by the glass electrode. An estimate of titratable acidity was obtained by extending the titration to that end point at which the positive charges contributed by Na+, K+, H+ ions and buffered protons matched the negative charges contributed by Cl-. In addition, equations were derived based on the significant correlation between H+ ion concentration and titratable acidity which permit direct estimation of undissociated acidity from either value. The positive relation noted between undissociated acidity and the concentration of nonpepsin protein suggests that the latter is the main buffer in gastric juice.
α‐Synuclein protects naive but not dbcAMP‐treated dopaminergic cell types from 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium toxicity

The pre-synaptic protein, α-synuclein, has been associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The present study indicates that α-synuclein, but not its mutants (A53T, A30P), can protect CNS dopaminergic cells from the parkinsonism-inducing drug 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), whereas it cannot protect from the dopaminergic toxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, hydrogen-peroxide, or the β-amyloid peptide, A-β. Protection from MPP+ was directly correlated with the preservation of mitochondrial function. Specifically, α-synuclein rescued cells from MPP+ mediated decreases in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and loss of ATP levels by utilizing ketosis. It also prevented toxin-induced activation of the creatine kinase/creatine phosphate system. Similarly, α-synuclein protected cells from the complex I inhibitor rotenone and 3-nitroproprionic acid, a complex II inhibitor. Wild-type α-synuclein-mediated neuroprotection and subsequent alterations in energy were not found in dbcAMP-differentiated cells. These results suggest that the normal physiological role for α-synuclein may change during development.