cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The "Most Strenuous of Anglers' Sports Is Tarpon Fishing": The Silver King as Progressive Era Outdoor Sport

This paper examines and discusses Progressive notions of masculinity through the outdoor pursuit of tarpon angling. While more popular Progressive Era sports including baseball and football have long been the focus of sporting historians, adventures including hunting and fishing draw similarly clear connections between Progressive notions of manhood, competition, and fellowship. Similar to hunting in the Far West, the battle with a large tarpon off the coast of Florida appealed to sporting men because of the brute force it took to subdue one; the sport drew these prospective outdoorsmen away from major Northern cities and towards a sporting target singular in its size and presence. Sporting men reveled in the competition as well as the congeniality of the hunt, drawing themselves together on the fishing grounds and in the region's lodges, while simultaneously attempting to distance themselves from all others through extraordinary catches.
Rapid induction of colon carcinogenesis in CYP1A-humanized mice by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and dextran sodium sulfate

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant heterocyclic amine produced during the cooking of meats and fish, is suspected to be a human carcinogen. Metabolic activation of PhIP is primarily mediated by the enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2. Metabolism of PhIP by CYP1A2 differs considerably between humans and rodents, with more N(2)-hydroxylation (activation) and less 4'-hydroxylation (detoxication) in humans. Transgenic CYP1A-humanized mice (hCYP1A-mice), which have the human CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes but lack the murine orthologs Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2, provide an excellent opportunity to develop a relevant model to study dietary-induced colon carcinogenesis. The treatment with 200 mg/kg PhIP by oral gavage, followed by 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water for 7 days, was found to be an effective combination to induce colon carcinogenesis in hCYP1A-mice. Tumor multiplicity at week 6 was calculated to be 3.75 ± 0.70 and for week 10 was 3.90 ± 0.61 with 80-95% of the tumors being adenocarcinomas. No tumors were found in the similarly treated wild-type mice. Western blots revealed overexpression of β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colon tumor samples. Strong nuclear localization of β-catenin was observed in tumors. These results illustrate that PhIP and DSS combination produces rapid colon carcinogenesis in hCYP1A-mice and this is an effective model to mimic human colon carcinogenesis.
Trends in Black/White Intermarriage

I examine annual marriage license data for 33 states from 1968 to 1986 to assess how the role of the black/white color line in marriage choice has changed. The analyses generally show that black/white intermarriage has increased rapidly since the U.S. Supreme Court lifted the legal ban on intermarriage. I further show that this trend is especially pronounced among black males and that the status characteristics of these marriages have remained traditional in the sense that intermarriage still occurs primarily when the white woman marries up in socioeconomic status. In my conclusion I offer several interpretations of why the link between status and interracial marriage persists and discuss what this implies for the nature of racial differentiation in contemporary American society. (EXCERPT)
Simulating Dark Current in NLC Structures

Dark current generation and capture are of great importance in high gradient accelerating structure R&D especially for the NLC which aims to operate at 65 MV/m with specific limits on dark current and RF breakdown rates. Although considerable effort has been devoted to building and testing various types of structures to meet these requirements, few theoretical studies have been done to understand these effects in actual structures. This paper focuses on the simulation of dark current in a NLC test structure for which experimental data are available. The parallel time-domain field solver Tau3P and the parallel particle tracking code Track3P are used together to simulate, for the first time, a dark current pulse to compare with the data measured downstream. Results from SLAC X-band 30-cell constant impedance structure for RF drive pulses with different rise times are presented and discussed.
Exhibition Catalogues and Book Reviews

Schneebaum. Tobias. 1985 Asmat Images from the Collection of the Aamat Museum of Culture and Progress. The Asmat Museum of culture and Progress, Agats, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. 18 black and white photographs, 87 drawings, maps, short bibliography, and appendices on symbols, designs, tools and weapons. Available from Crosier Missions, 3204 East 43rd Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55406 for $15.00 Gallagher. Jacki 1983 Companions of the Dead; Ceramic Tomb Structure from Ancient West Mexico. Los Angeles. Museum of Cultural History. 28. 21.5 cm., 125 pp., 10 color plates, 167 black and white illustrations,. map, References cited. No price given. Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024. Crotty. Helen K. 1983 Honoring the Dead: Anasazi Ceramics from the Rainbow Bridge Monument Valley expedition. Los AngeLes. Museum of Cultural History. University of California. 28. 21.5. m., 91 pp., 59 black and white illustrations including tables, map and chronology. 4 appendices, and bibliography. No price given. Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles. CA, 90024. Sayer. Chloe 1985 Costumes of Mexico. Austin. University of Texas Press. Printed in Great Britain by Jolly & Barber Ltd., Rugby, Warwickshire. 28. 22.5 cm., 240 pp. 36 color plates, 105 black and white illustrations,38 drawings,. maps, chronology,. appendices, glossary, bibliography, and index. ISBN 0-292-71099-2; 292-71100-x (pbk.). $29.95 (plus postage), University of Texas Press, PO Box 789, Austin, TX, 78713. Washburn. Dorothy K. 1983 Structure and Cognition in Art. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney. Cambridge University press. 28. 22 cm., 170 pp., 119 black and white illustrations, 18 tables, and index. ISBN. 521 23471 9. $39.50. The Cambridge University Press, 510 North Avenue, New Rochelle, NY 1080L Dunin. Elsie Ivancich 1984 Dance Occasions and Festive Press in Yugoslavia, Museum of Cultural History, university of California, Los Angeles, Monograph Series, No. 23, Regents of UCLA, 28. 21.5 cm. 72 pp. 15 color plates, 48 black and white. Includes catalogue of exhibition presented at Museum of Cultural History Gallery, UCLA, Jan. 11 to Mar. 4, 1984. No price given. Nancy Sweezy 1984 Raised in Clay: The Southern Pottery Tradition. Smithsonian Institution Press for the Office of Folklife Programs. Washington, DC. 28. 21.5 cm, 320 pp. color plates, 67 line drawings, 201 black and white photographs. Map, bibliography. Price plus postage, Cloth $39.95, paper $19.95. Smithsonian Institution Press, PO Box 1579 Washington, DC 20013.
Surface-skimming stoneflies and mayflies: the taxonomic and mechanical diversity of two-dimensional aerodynamic locomotion.

Abstract The best supported hypothesis for the evolutionary origin of insect wings is that they evolved from articulated, leg‐derived respiratory structures of aquatic ancestors. However, there are no fossils of the immediate ancestors of winged insects, and it is difficult to imagine how a functional transition from gills to wings could have occurred. Recent studies of surface‐skimming locomotion in stoneflies and mayflies offer a plausible solution by showing how rudimentary wings and muscle power can be used to accomplish two‐dimensional aerodynamic locomotion on the surface of water. Here we extend that line of research by examining the phylogenetic distribution and mechanistic diversity of surface skimming in stoneflies, along with a limited examination of mayflies. These investigations reveal both a broad taxonomic occurrence and a fine gradation of mechanically distinct forms. Distinct forms of wing‐flapping surface skimming include (1) stoneflies that flap their wings weakly while maintaining thei...
How Big Can You Think? Challenges at the Frontier

The world is on the threshold of a remarkable era of computing, in which raw computational power is no longer the limiting factor. The author argues that today's approach to computational science requires revision. This is becoming critical as simulation exerts greater influence on high-consequence decisions with societal impact.
pH-sensitive, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of unique protein in molluscan nervous system.

Abstract Intracellular pH and Ca 2+ are prominent co-regulators of neuron excitability that act on ion channels. In looking for a possible mechanism of their action, we tested their combinatorial effect on the phosphorylation state of nervous system proteins. 32 PO 4 labelling in endogenous phosphorylation reactions of homogenates of nervous tissue of the sea-hug Pleurobranchaea showed steep pH sensitivity in protein migrating at a molecular mass of 108 kDA with p I 6.9−7.0 (pp108). Phosphorylation of pp108 was highest below reaction pH 7.0 and declined steeply as pH rose to 7.4 pp108 phosphorylation was Ca 2+ /calmodium-dependent. pp108 constituted a significant part of the total protein (0.15%) and phosphoprotein (8.9%) of the nervous system. The specifically and uniquely combinatorial pH and Ca 2+ sensitivity of the phosphorylation of pp108, and its relative abundance, suggest that it could mediate integrated actions of H + and Ca 2+ in the molluscan neuron.
Localization of Chlamydia trachomatis Heat Shock Proteins 60 and 70 during Infection of a Human Endometrial Epithelial Cell Line In Vitro

Unlike chlamydial lipopolysaccharide, which is released from the developing inclusion to the surface of infected genital epithelial cells, both Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock protein (hsp) 60 and 70 antigens remained confined within the inclusion during the course of the chlamydial developmental cycle. Exposure of the infected cells to penicillin to induce a persistent infection or to a lipophilic microbicide did not potentiate secretion or exocytosis of the chlamydial hsp.
Model reduction, validation, and calibration of wind power plants for dynamic studies

Accurate representation of wind power plants (WPP) in both offline and online power system stability studies has gained importance because of the rapid increase in installation of wind generation around the world. However, because increases in accuracy reduce computational efficiency, reduced WPP representation is preferred. To improve accuracy of the reduced WPP model, other authors have proposed changes in structure of the reduced model for large WPPs. Another alternative is model validation and calibration. In this paper, we compare accuracy improvements brought by changes in model structure with accuracy improvements brought by validation and calibration of the reduced WPP model with minimum changes in structure. We illustrate our findings using a 168-machine WPP connected to the IEEE 39-bus test system. The parameters of the reduced WPP model are either calculated with current equivalencing techniques or validated and calibrated against a more accurate model. The changes in structure of the reduced model are one-machine or two-machine reduced models connected with a one-line or two-line collector equivalent. We show that the most accurate response is obtained by calibrating the parameters of the reduced model with minimum changes in structure.
Abstract 234: Changes in Plasma Nitration of High-Density and Low-Density Lipoproteins in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Kidney Transplants

Background: Functional abnormalities of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) could contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Both qualitative and quantitative changes in HDL have been described in patients with CKD. Specifically, HDL abundance is reduced and HDL acquires a pro-inflammatory properties. In this study, we hypothesized that a functioning kidney transplant reduces serum nitrated apoA-I concentration. Methods: Concentrations of nitrated apoA-I, nitrated apoB, total apoA-I and total apoB were measured using indirect sandwich ELISA on sera collected from each transplant subject pre-transplant and at 1, 3, and 12 months post-transplant. Patients were excluded if they had a history of diabetes, prednisone dose > 15 mg/day, nephrotic range proteinuria, serum creatinine (Cr) > 1.5mg/dL or active inflammatory disease, or were treated with lipid-lowering medication or HIV protease inhibitors. Paired values of percent nitrated Apo A-I or nitrated apoB before and after kidney transplantation were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Results: We screened 75 transplant patients, and 14 were found to meet the selection criteria. Amongst these patients, twelve and eight patients had Cr 1.5. Reduction of nitrated apoA-I was associated with slight increase in HDL levels 12 months post-transplantation. In contrast to apoA-I, there was no significant change in % nitrated apoB at 3 months and 12 months post-transplant. No significant corelation was observed between nitrated lipoproteins and CRP levels. Conclusion: Patients with well functioning grafts had significant reduction in percent nitrated apoA-I without any effect on apoB nitration 12 months after kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed in a large cohort to determine if nitrated apoA-I can be used as a valuable marker for cardiovascular risk stratification in CKD.
“Just-so” stories about “inner cognitive Africa”: some doubts about Sorensen's evolutionary epistemology of thought experiments

Roy Sorensen advances an evolutionary explanation of our capacity for thought experiments which doubles as a naturalized epistemological justification. I argue Sorensen”s explanation fails to satisfy key elements of environmental-selectionist explanations and so fails to carry epistemic force. I then argue that even if Sorensen succeeds in showing the adaptive utility of our capacity, he still fails to establish its reliability and hence epistemic utility. I conclude Sorensen”s account comes to little more than a “just-so story”.
Short-Term Analysis of Food Tolerance and Quality of Life after Laparoscopic Greater Curvature Plication.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes [food tolerance scores (FTS) and quality of life] after three types of restrictive bariatric surgery: laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2012 to December 2013, all patients that underwent primary surgery were included in one of the LAGB, LGCP, or LSG groups. These three groups were then compared with respect to FTS, gastrointestinal quality of life indices (GIQLI), and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Questionnaires were sent to all patients both pre- and post-operatively. RESULTS A total of 85 patients (LAGB=45, LGCP=22, and LSG=18) returned the questionnaires in full, and these patients constituted the study cohort. The cohort was predominately female (n=73, 85.9%). Mean percentage excess weight loss (%EWL) values after LAGB, LGCP, and LSG were 65.4 ± 27.0%, 65.6 ± 25.2%, and 82.7 ± 21.7%, respectively (p=0.044). Mean postoperative FTSs and improvements in total GIQLIs after LAGB, LGCP, and LSG were 15.96, 20.95, and 21.33 and -3.40, 6.68, and 18.78, respectively (p<0.05). All procedures produced improvements in the three SF-36 domain scores. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences between the three procedures in terms of improvements in general health and emotional well-being. CONCLUSION LGCP is safe and effective at achieving significant weight loss. In terms of food tolerance and GI quality of life, LGCP was found to be comparable to gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy.
Abstract 17799: Role Of Interleukin-1 In Acute Radiation-induced Cardiomyopathy

Background: Mediastinal irradiations (XRT) in cancer treatment are associated with development of cardiomyopathy. Radiation-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by a latent phase. In mice, an impaired contractile reserve arises early after XRT despite a normal resting cardiac function. XRT induces interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the heart and lungs. We propose to investigate the mechanistic role of IL-1 in the development of XRT-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods: We irradiated (14Gy, single dose) the thorax of C57BL/6J wild type (wt) mice or IL-1 receptor type I knock out mice (IL-1RI KO, which are not responsive to IL-1)(N=12/group). Wt- and KO-sham irradiated mice were used as controls. The serum levels of cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) were measured by ELISA 3 days after XRT and RT-PCR was used to measure IL-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was evaluated by echocardiography at baseline and 3 days following XRT. The beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (10 ng/mouse) was used to measure the contractile reserve (LVEF change). Results: XRT induced IL-1β mRNA in wt compared to sham-irradiated mice (data not shown). Serum levels of cTnI after XRT were significantly lower in KO vs wt mice (1.04±0.4 ng/ml KO vs 4.6±1.5 ng/ml wt, P=0.037, Figure A). Resting LVEF at 3 days was unchanged in both wt and IL-1RI KO mice after XRT, whereas contractile reserve was significantly reduced in wt but not in KO mice (+16.0±4.1% wt vs +28.6±3.0% KO; P=0.046, Figure B). Conclusions: IL-1 amplifies myocardial damage during the acute phase of XRT-induced cardiomyopathy. IL-1 blockade may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to protect the heart following XRT. . ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Rénovation de l'usine de fabrication de combustible UO2 de FBFC Romans

AREVA, premier fournisseur mondial de combustible, doit s'adapter a l'evolution d'un marche de plus en plus concurrentiel, dans le respect des normes les plus exigeantes en matiere de surete nucleaire. Les unites de production developpent leur polyvalence, et l'usine de Romans fait l'objet d'un programme de renovation d'environ 100 M ?.
Technical Writing Required of Graduate Engineering Students

Technical writing required of employees in business and industry has been investigated, but the writing demands on graduate students have not been systematically surveyed. To find out what kinds of writing are required of graduate engineering students, twenty-five engineering faculty members from the Engineering College at the University of Florida listed the kinds of writing assigned to graduate classes during the academic year 1979–80. Since the faculty members were asked to rank-order the writing kinds from most frequent to least frequent, the Friedman analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used to test for differences in the rank ordering. The tests showed that faculty assigned examinations, quantitative problems, and reports most frequently, that they assigned homework and papers (term and publication) less frequently, and that they assigned progress reports and proposals least frequently.
Rearing and Biology of Wohlfahrtia vigil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Many generations of Wohlfahrtia vigil (Walker) were reared on young domestic rabbits, and 5 generations on an artificial medium containing blood and ground beef, from larvae deposited in a collection dish in a box containing a mouse. Flies reared on the medium appeared biologically equal to those reared on rabbits. Larvipositing flies were more strongly attracted to an adult mouse than to a litter of 10 young mice, a young pigeon, or larval medium plus CO2; to young mice than to a young pigeon; to CO2 than to air alone; to mouse odor plus CO2 than to either one alone; and to larval medium plus CO2 than to either medium alone or water plus CO2. They showed no response to a visible mouse enclosed in an airtight container, but in ventilated containers a visible mouse was significantly more attractive than a hidden one. A pattern of black-and-white squares was significantly more attractive than a white surface. Although host-finding by Wohlfahrtia may involve both airborne and visual factors, the former appeared of greatest importance. Adult animals or their abodes appeared attractive to larvipositing flies, although larvae ordinarily can survive only on the young. In nature, a variety of mammals and birds are apparently subject to attack; but observations on cottontail rabbits, both in the laboratory and under penned, seminatural conditions, indicated that they may be a major host of W. vigil. The severe outbreak of myiasis in commercial mink in Wisconsin in 1959 may have resulted from the combination of favorable weather (warm temperatures in May and June) following a sharp decline in the wild rabbit population.
Branched ZnO wire structures for water collection inspired by cacti.

In this work, motivated by an approach used in a cactus to collect fog, we have developed an artificial water-collection structure. This structure includes a large ZnO wire and an array of small ZnO wires that are branched on the large wire. All these wires have conical shapes, whose diameters gradually increase from the tip to the root of a wire. Accordingly, a water drop that is condensed on the tip of each wire is driven to the root by a capillary force induced by this diameter gradient. The lengths of stem and branched wires in the synthesized structures are in the orders of 1 mm and 100 μm, respectively. These dimensions are, respectively, comparable to and larger than their counterparts in the case of a cactus. Two groups of tests were conducted at relative humidity of 100% to compare the amounts of water collected by artificial and cactus structures within specific time durations of 2 and 35 s, respectively. The amount of water collected by either type of structures was in the order of 0.01 μL. How...
Modeling Student Scheduling Preferences in a Computer-Based Testing Facility

When undergraduate students are allowed to choose a time slot in which to take an exam from a large number of options (e.g., 40), the students exhibit strong preferences among the times. We found that students can be effectively modelled using constrained discrete choice theory to quantify these preferences from their observed behavior. The resulting models are suitable for load balancing when scheduling multiple concurrent exams and for capacity planning given a set schedule.
Renaissance in Database Management: Navigating the Landscape of Candidate Systems

Big data requirements are motivating new database-management models that can process billions of data requests per second, and established relational models are changing to keep pace. The authors provide practical tools for navigating this shifting product landscape and finding candidate systems that best fit a data manager's application needs.
Seven faculties in search of a mission: A proposed interdisciplinary course on water literacy

ABSTRACTIn this article we will describe the development of an interdisciplinary general education course focusing on water. As part of a faculty cohort charged with teaching and studying this topic, we considered a number of projects, including community outreach, teacher professional development, and collaborative research. We decided on an interdisciplinary course after examining the relevant issues and recognizing numerous sources of water expertise available within our region.
A smart ECG sensor with in-situ adaptive motion-artifact compensation for dry-contact wearable healthcare devices

Experimental results of two adaptive motion-artifact rejection and stabilization (MARS) techniques, namely, the acquisition-path-gain (APG) tracking and compensation and the negative input capacitance (NIC) neutralization, both prototyped in a dry-contact ECG sensor, are reported. The analog frontend (AFE) of the sensor is integrated in a 65-nm CMOS chip and the backend digital signal processing (DSP) is performed on a host PC. The MARS techniques help combat the distortion of recorded biopotentials due to voluntary and involuntary body movements, such as breathing and normal daily activities, and are suitable for deployment in wearable healthcare devices. Measurement results verify the efficacy of the reported MARS techniques. The CMOS AFE chip also achieves comparable performance with a few recently published works using dry-contact electrodes.
Secondary Wastewater Effluent Disinfection using Tin Oxide Anode Technology

The feasibility of tin oxide anodes for the disinfection of secondary effluents was evaluated in batch, bench scale reactors. After optimizing the preparation of tin oxide anodes, their performance was compared to three commercially available anodes. The performance of tin oxide anodes was similar to the commercial anodes in dual chamber reactors in which the anode and cathode were separated by a Nafion membrane. However, the tin oxide anodes were superior to the commercial anodes in a single chamber reactor, which is a configuration characteristic of an full-scale disinfection system. Kinetic evaluations showed that hydroxyl radicals are not the primary oxidant in tin oxide anode systems. Superoxide is generated at the cathode, and also plays a role in coliform inactivation. Common water quality constituents, including ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand, had no effect on rates of coliform inactivation. Furthermore, particles of up to 250 μm diameter did not affect coliform inactivation rates. The results of this research demonstrate that most common water quality constituents do not negatively impact tin oxide anode performance, which is related to the generation of superoxide in these systems and the minimal involvement of hydroxyl radical. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397571 (eBook)
Catalytic Role of Multinuclear Palladium–Oxygen Intermediates in Aerobic Oxidation Followed by Hydrogen Peroxide Disproportionation

Aerobic oxidation of alcohols are catalyzed by the Pd–acetate compound [LPd(OAc)]2(OTf)2 (L = neocuproine = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) to form ketones and the release of hydrogen peroxide, but the latter rapidly undergoes disproportionation. We employ a series of kinetic and isotope labeling studies made largely possible by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine the role of intermediates in causing this complex chemical transformation. The data suggested that multiple catalytic paths for H2O2 disproportionation occur, which involve formation and consumption of multinuclear Pd species. We find that the trinuclear compound [(LPd)3(μ3-O)2]2+, which we have identified in a previous study, is a product of dioxygen activation that is formed during aerobic oxidations of alcohols catalyzed by [LPd(OAc)]2(OTf)2. It is also a product of hydrogen peroxide activation during disproportionation reactions catalyzed by [LPd(OAc)]2(OTf)2. The results suggest that this trinuclear Pd compound is invol...
Effects of Microstructure and Processing Methods on Creep Behavior of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

This review sheds light on the creep properties of AZ91 magnesium alloys with a major emphasis on the influence of microstructure on the creep resistance and underlying creep deformation mechanism based on stress exponent and activation energy. Effects of processing routes such as steel mold casting, die casting, and thixoforming are considered. Roles of a wide range of additional alloying elements such as Si, Sb, Bi, Ca, Sn, REs, and combined addition of them on the microstructure modification were investigated. The reaction between these elements and the Mg or Al in the matrix develops some thermally stable intermetallic phases which improves the creep resistance at elevated temperatures, however does not influence the creep mechanism.
Conventional and Unconventional Lifesaving Therapies in an Adolescent With Amlodipine Ingestion

Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension. Ingestion of an overdose leads to severe hypotension; if the hypotension is not treated, death may be imminent. Conventional and unconventional interventions were used to treat an adolescent who ingested a life-threatening dose of amlodipine. Severe hypotension resistant to conventional treatment with intralipids and hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia therapy led to the use of plasmapheresis and a pneumatic antishock garment as lifesaving measures. Plasmapheresis has been described in only one other case of severe amlodipine overdose, and the use of a pneumatic antishock garment has never been described in the management of a calcium channel blocker overdose. Because short-term use of a pneumatic antishock garment has associated risks, the critical care nurse's anticipation of side effects and promotion of safe use of the garment were instrumental in the patient's care and outcome. (Critical Care Nurse 2016; 36[4]:64-69).
Pyrolysis Gas-Liquid Chromatography for Identification of Microorganisms

Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (PGLC) of bacteria is a technique which produces pyrolyzed bacterial components with specifically defined patterns. In theory, these patterns when analyzed statistically produce a “fingerprint” for each organism tested. The technique lends itself to automated bacterial identification since systems are available to automatically prepare samples and pyrolyze and chromatograph the resulting volatiles. The data are analyzed and objective bacterial classification is a theoretical possibility. Because of the inherent variability in staining reactions, erroneous interpretations of fermentation patterns, morphology variability, etc., microbiologists have hoped that PGLC might provide a simple and impartial means of bacterial identification. Through the use of this technique, researchers have reported success in differentiating bacterial genera, species, and serotypes. However, reported differentiations have been based upon the use of limited numbers of strains analyzed. With a greater number of organisms tested, increased difficulty could be anticipated in correctly categorizing bacteria through PGLC analysis. Data also exist suggesting that when diversely related bacteria are analyzed by PGLC, the similarities between bacteria may be greater than the a priori taxonomic discriminations, resulting in an inaccurate PGLC classification for a given isolate. This chapter points out both the strong and weak points for this method of bacterial analysis.
Shoreline Detection in Images for Autonomous Boat Navigation

Our research is concerned with the analysis of images to assist in autonomous navigation of a boat. The problem is to determine the area of navigable region in an aquatic environment, by identifying the water areas or shoreline in the images. The problem is non-trivial as the image of an aquatic scene is highly unstructured, dynamic and changes significantly due to lighting, shadow and reflections. Therefore, it is challenging to identify the water boundary in a scene from an image. In this paper, we present a method developed for detecting the shoreline in an omni-directional image. We tested our method with various images from a river, lake and pond. The results show that our method correctly identified the shoreline in images and hence validating our approach.
Advanced Photoemission Spectroscopy Investigations Correlated with DFT Calculations on the Self-Assembly of 2D Metal Organic Frameworks Nano Thin Films.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) deposited from solution have the potential to form 2-dimensional supramolecular thin films suitable for molecular electronic applications. However, the main challenges lie in achieving selective attachment to the substrate surface, and the integration of organic conductive ligands into the MOF structure to achieve conductivity. The presented results demonstrate that photoemission spectroscopy combined with preparation in a system-attached glovebox can be used to characterize the electronic structure of such systems. The presented results demonstrate that porphyrin-based 2D MOF structures can be produced and that they exhibit similar electronic structure to that of corresponding conventional porphyrin thin films. Porphyrin MOF multilayer thin films were grown on Au substrates prefunctionalized with 4-mercaptopyridine (MP) via incubation in a glovebox, which was connected to an ultrahigh vacuum system outfitted with photoelectron spectroscopy. The thin film growth process was...
The impact of recipient BKV shedding before transplant on BKV viruria, DNAemia, and nephropathy post‐transplant: A prospective study

We previously demonstrated that detectable BKV replication in donor urine pretransplant was significantly associated with post-transplant recipient BKV viremia. In this 4-year prospective study, we assessed whether recipient BKV replication pretransplant was associated with post-transplant viremia/BKV nephropathy. We studied 220 primary adult and pediatric organ transplant recipients for 490 person-years and 2100 clinical visits. BKV viruria was detectable in 28 (16%), 26 adults and two children; and viremia in none pretransplant. Post-transplant viruria occurred in all recipients with pretransplant BKV viruria, significantly more than in recipients without pretransplant viruria on univariate (P<.005) and multivariate analysis including type of organ transplanted and immunosuppression type (P .008). Time to post-transplant viruria was significantly shorter in recipients with pretransplant viruria (P .01). By univariate and multivariate analysis, BKV viruria in recipients pretransplant did not impact post-transplant BKV viremia (P=.97 and .97, respectively) even when stratified by type of organ transplant (kidney P=.6; liver P=.5). The peak serum and urine BKV PCR post-transplant were not significantly different in patients with pretransplant BKV viruria and no one developed BK nephropathy. In conclusion, recipient BKV viruria prior to transplant predicts post-transplant viruria but not viremia or BKV nephropathy.
Trajectories of posttraumatic growth among US military veterans: a 4-year nationally representative, prospective cohort study.

Objective This study examined the nature and determinants of predominant trajectories of posttraumatic growth (PTG) over time. Method Using data from a prospective, nationally representative survey of 2718 US veterans assessed in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we used latent growth mixture modeling to identify PTG trajectories, and to examine key determinants of PTG trajectories from a comprehensive set of sociodemographic, military, health, and psychosocial variables. Results Three PTG trajectories were identified, labeled as Low and Decreasing PTG (74.0%), Consistently Moderate PTG (12.0%), and High and Increasing PTG (14.0%). Greater severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, specifically re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms, at baseline predicted Consistently Moderate and High and Increasing PTG trajectories. Compared to the Low and Decreasing PTG trajectory, the High and Increasing PTG trajectory scored higher on baseline measures of gratitude, purpose in life, Spirituality, and social support. Conclusion Posttraumatic growth is a dynamic process with divergent trajectories. Developing interventions that target certain psychosocial factors may help trauma survivors maintain PTG over time.
Numb chin syndrome as a primary presentation of metastatic breast cancer

Numb chin syndrome (NCS) is characterized by facial neuropathy along the distribution of the mental branch of the trigeminal nerve. We report a case of NCS in a 65 year old woman who initially presented to her dentist with nonspecific symptoms that she thought were related to a tooth infection. The patient was otherwise healthy and her medical history was significant for breast cancer treated 20 years prior; her cancer was thought to be in complete remission. Upon clinical examination and conventional dental radiography, no pathology was seen such as odontogenic, periodontal, or jawbone infection. Only paresthesia and hypoesthesia was noted unilaterally in her left chin, jaw and lower lip. A computed tomography scan was obtained for further evaluation and revealed lytic metastatic disease involving the right mandible at the level of the mandibular foramen; lytic lesions of the thoracic vertebrae and multiple pulmonary nodules were also noted. Oncologic referral was made immediately which confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. Familiarity with NCS is important for oral health care providers in order to identify etiology and differential diagnosis, as well as to provide appropriate referral and management.
Characterization and modeling of PEEK in histories with reverse loading

Traditional viscoelastic models for describing polymer response during large deformations are normally designed to capture the response during monotonic loading and typically have difficulty capturing the response after a reversal of the deformation process. In particular, most models pay little attention to capturing the equilibrium stress, the anisotropy developed after plastic flow in the elastic response, and the characteristics of the yield and subsequent flow after reversal of the loading. To characterize these events, the thermo-mechanical response of PEEK is studied during shear histories that have one or more points at which the strain rate is reversed. In particular, using digital image correlation (DIC) methods, the response of PEEK is captured during processes that subject the material to histories that reverse the straining direction one or more times. These studies show that the response of PEEK in monotonic loading is very different from that observed after reversing the loading, and also from that observed in further cycling. Yet, after multiple cycles of loading and reverse loading, if the loading is then continue beyond the point that loading reversal was initiated in the cycling, the response after this point returns to that of the initial monotonic loading.
Low threading dislocation density GaAs growth on on-axis GaP/Si (001)

We report a systematic study of high quality GaAs growths on on-axis (001) GaP/Si substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Various types of dislocation filter layers and growth temperatures of initial GaAs layer were investigated to reduce the threading dislocation densities in GaAs on GaP/Si. Electron channeling contrast imaging techniques revealed that an optimized GaAs buffer layer with thermal cycle annealing and InGaAs/GaAs dislocation filter layers has a threading dislocation density of 7.2 × 106 cm−2, which is a factor of 40 lower than an unoptimized GaAs buffer. The root-mean-square surface roughness was greatly decreased from 7.8 nm to 2.9 nm after the optimization process. A strong enhancement in photoluminescence intensity indicates that the optimized GaAs template grown on on-axis (001) GaP/Si substrates is a promising virtual substrate for Si-based optoelectronic devices.
From Molecules to Markets: Broadening the Focus of Cardiovascular Innovation

See Article by Sangaralingham et al On July 7, 2015, sacubitril/valsartan became the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use among patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This expedited approval was based on the results of the PARADIGM-HF trial (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACE-I to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) that showed that among patients with New York Heart Association class II–IV heart failure and ejection fraction ≤40%, treatment with sacubitril/valsartan rather than 10 mg twice daily of enalapril produced a 17.7% reduction in the composite end point of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure. The study demonstrated a remarkable 19.4% reduction in death from cardiovascular causes and 17.9% reduction in heart failure hospitalizations among patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan compared with those receiving enalapril.1 Sacubitril/valsartan is the first new-in-class medication to demonstrate a mortality benefit in patients with HFrEF since the early 2000s.2 In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure , Sangaralingham et al3 describe the early experience with sacubitril/valsartan among patients enrolled in private or Medicare Advantage insurance plans. Although slow uptake is par for the course for a first-in-class drug, this study reveals a disappointingly low prescription rate of sacubitril/valsartan among patients with HFrEF in the first 18 months after approval, and a high discontinuation rate among patients who initiate the drug. This disconnect between strong clinical data and low real-world uptake warrants further exploration. Sangaralingham et al analyzed the OptumLabs database, a large collection of medical and pharmaceutical claims data, to evaluate prescription practices, drug costs, and medication use in individuals with HFrEF. In their cohort of 102 247 individuals with HFrEF (identified by International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision , codes), only 2244 (2.2%) filled a …
Nanotechnology Platforms for Cancer Exosome Analyses

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes represent a new opportunity for cancer management through liquid biopsies. EVs carry cell-specific biomarkers, which can be exploited as a minimally invasive means to probe the molecular status of tumors. Despite their clinical potential, simple, reliable and sensitive detection and molecular profiling of EVs has been challenging. Thus, there is a clear need to develop next-generation sensing technologies for sensitive and robust EV detection and analysis. In this Chapter, we describe three nanotechnology platforms developed for analysis of EV proteins and RNAs directly from clinical specimens. We discuss their sensing principles, performance in characterizing EVs, clinical applications, and future development to facilitate their translation into routine clinical use.
The Use of Ultrasound Methods to Detect Changes in Breast Tissue Which Precede the Formation of a Malignant Tumor

The approach taken, to date, by most investigators studying the use of ultrasound visualization for breast examination has been traditional, namely: span the region of the palpable mass; compare the imaging pattern of the mass, as it appears on the echogram, to known features of benign and malignant tumors, such as wall contours; attempt to identify the physical character of the mass by its effect on reflection and transmission of the ultrasound beam; and finally, strive to detect smaller and smaller masses using this approach. In view of the fact that there is a large population of women presently harboring an undetected malignant mass within their breasts and in consideration of the statistical data on life span of the breast cancer patient in relation to, size of the tumor within the breast at the time of initial treatment, this approach is valid.1–3 However, in consideration of the known systemic nature of breast cancer, that removal of the breast is still the primary treatment even under the circumstances of identification of minimal malignant masses, and in view of the Potential of ultrasound to detect pre-malignant changes in breast tissue, this limited approach is not sufficient.
The Velocity of Viscous Vortex Rings

The motion of vortex rings of small cross section is considered. A formula is given for the velocity of a ring in an ideal fluid with an arbitrary distribution of vorticity in the core and an arbitrary circumferential velocity. A definition of velocity is given for the unsteady diffusing ring in a viscous fluid, and the speed is found by the method used for rings in ideal fluids.
The Impact of National Economic Culture and Country-level Institutional Environment on Corporate Governance Practices: Theory and Empirical Evidence.

We posit that national cultural practices influence the institutional environment, which in turn has an influence on corporate governance practices. We empirically evaluate these relationships using structural equation modeling. We utilize measures of national culture from Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The Globe study of 62 Societies. For the institutional environment, we employ the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators. Consistent with theory, we find a strong relationship between these constructs. We further find that the institutional environment mediates the relationship between national culture and corporate governance practices. Corporate governance practices include measures of board accountability, financial disclosure and internal controls, shareholder rights, executive compensation, takeover defenses and ownership base, and corporate accountability and are available from Governance Metrics International. As both culture and institutions are linked to corporate governance practices, efforts to change corporate governance practices around the world are best informed by an appreciation of cultural as well as institutional factors.
The Role of Dietary Electrolytes and Childhood Blood Pressure Regulation

The prevalence rates of high blood pressure and cardiovascular risk have increased in youth, given the increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Dietary electrolytes play an important role on influencing blood pressure (BP) mechanisms in youth, and previous research indicates that dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium significantly affect BP regulation. Electrolyte balance is essential for health, and the beneficial effects of decreasing sodium intake on BP in youth have been strongly supported. Though intervention studies demonstrate that reduced intake of sodium is beneficial for BP, it is not clear whether children and adolescents can comply with long-term efforts to reduce sodium intake. There is a growing body of evidence that increased potassium and calcium intake also reduces risk of high BP in youth, and studies suggest that some youth may be more likely to comply with these diets, which emphasize adding foods (e.g., foods containing potassium and calcium), rather than eliminating foods as in a reduced sodium diet. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the nutritional electrolyte-related determinants of blood pressure in children and adolescents, specifically the roles of dietary sodium and potassium in regulating casual BP, BP reactivity, and circadian BP patterns in youth.
Fruits and flowers of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Caribbean Sea

While the seagrass Halophila stipulacea reproduces both sexually and asexually in its native range, reproduction is largely asexual in its invasive range in the Mediterranean and the Caribbean Seas. Here we make the first report of fruit-bearing H. stipulacea in the Caribbean. Although the lack of reports of H. stipulacea fruit could be the consequence of past survey effort, multiple recent reports of both flowers and fruit across the invasive range strongly suggest that introductions of H. stipulacea in the tropical western Atlantic and Caribbean included both sexes of this dioecious seagrass. This finding may have important implications for the future dispersal, survival, and maintenance of the non-native population.