cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimal Interference from Possessor Phrases in the Production of Subject-Verb Agreement

Abstract We explore the language production process by eliciting subject-verb agreement errors. Participants were asked to create complete sentences from sentence beginnings such as The elf's/elves' house with the tiny window/windows and The statue in the elf's/elves' gardens. These are subject noun phrases containing a head noun and controller of agreement (statue), and two nonheads, a "local noun" (window(s)/garden(s)), and a possessor noun (elf's/elves'). Past research has shown that a plural nonhead noun (an "attractor") within a subject noun phrase triggers the production of verb agreement errors, and further, that the nearer the attractor to the head noun, the greater the interference. This effect can be interpreted in terms of relative hierarchical distance from the head noun, or via a processing window account, which claims that during production, there is a window in which the head and modifying material may be co-active, and an attractor must be active at the same time as the head to give rise to errors. Using possessors attached at different heights within the same window, we are able to empirically distinguish these accounts. Possessors also allow us to explore two additional issues. First, case marking of local nouns has been shown to reduce agreement errors in languages with "rich" inflectional systems, and we explore whether English speakers attend to case. Secondly, formal syntactic analyses differ regarding the structural position of the possessive marker, and we distinguish them empirically with the relative magnitude of errors produced by possessors and local nouns. Our results show that, across the board, plural possessors are significantly less disruptive to the agreement process than plural local nouns. Proximity to the head noun matters: a possessor directly modifying the head noun induce a significant number of errors, but a possessor within a modifying prepositional phrase did not, though the local noun did. These findings suggest that proximity to a head noun is independent of a "processing window" effect. They also support a noun phrase-internal, case-like analysis of the structural position of the possessive ending and show that even speakers of inflectionally impoverished languages like English are sensitive to morphophonological case-like marking.
Oil Displacement Effect Assessment of AESO_3 Surfactant for Low Permeability Sandstone Core at Lab

As China's low permeable oilfield enters EOR stage,research on surfactants applied in EOR has become a key point at present.ZC oilfield long 2 reservoir is a typical low permeability reservoir,AESO3 surfactant was selected because its salt resistance and surface tension conform to the long 2 reservoir fluid requirements,application of the surfactant can averagely increase reservoir oil displacement efficiency by 5.7% and reservoir water phase permeability by 10%.
Twenty-four-hour growth hormone profiles in Angus steers.

A study was conducted in February 1984 to characterize plasma growth hormone (GH) patterns in steers. Eight Angus steers averaging 285 d of age and 276 kg were housed in a sheltered pen and group-fed once daily. Animals gained at a mean rate of .78 kg/d, with individuals ranging from .34 to 1.02 kg/d. A jugular vein cannula was inserted the day before blood sampling, which commenced at 0600 h and continued at 15-min intervals for 24 h. Growth hormone patterns consisted of frequent GH surges of varying amplitude. Growth hormone surges occurred at an average frequency of .7/h. This rate did not differ markedly among steers nor hour of day. The magnitude of GH secretory surges varied significantly among steers and during the 24-h period. Growth hormone peaks averaged 47.0 and 27.2 ng/ml in steers having the highest and lowest GH surges, respectively. During the 24-h period there were two to four 2- to 3-h periods in which GH surges were reduced in amplitude. These trough periods occurred at approximately 6-h intervals in two steers, imparting rhythmicity to GH profiles of these animals. Periods of reduced surge amplitudes and intervening secretory episodes were less periodic in the other steers. Steers were fed at 1400 h and in all steers GH levels fell from 1400 to 1600 h, and then rebounded with two to four high amplitude surges. Peak and mean GH levels were associated positively (r = .93, P less than .01) and both were associated negatively with rates of gain (r = -.82 and -.74, respectively; P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of hemin on heme oxygenase-1, gastric emptying, and symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis.

Background Therapeutic options for management of diabetic gastroparesis are limited. Failure to maintain upregulation of heme oxygenase (HO1) leads to loss of interstitial cells of Cajal and delayed gastric emptying (GE) in non-obese diabetic mice. Our hypothesis was that hemin upregulation of HO1 would restore normal GE in humans with gastroparesis. Aims To compare effects of hemin and placebo infusions on HO1 activity and protein, GE, autonomic function, and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis. Methods In a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, we compared intravenous hemin, prepared in albumin, or albumin alone (placebo) in 20 patients, aged 41 ± 5 (SEM) years with diabetic gastroparesis. After infusions on days 1, 3, and 7, weekly infusions were administered for 7 additional weeks. Assessments included blood tests for HO1 protein and enzyme activity levels, GE with 13C-spirulina breath test, autonomic functions (baseline and end), and gastrointestinal symptoms every 2 weeks. Key Results Nine of 11 patients randomized to hemin completed all study procedures. Compared to placebo, hemin increased HO1 protein on days 3 (p = 0.0002) and 7 (p = 0.008) and HO1 activity on day 3 (p = 0.0003) but not after. Gastric emptying, autonomic functions, and symptoms did not differ significantly in the hemin group relative to placebo. Conclusions & Inferences Hemin failed to sustain increased HO1 levels beyond a week and did not improve GE or symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis. Further studies are necessary to ascertain whether more frequent hemin infusions or other drugs would have a more sustained effect on HO1 and improve GE.
ALL ROADS DO NOT LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT: THE DIVERGENT OUTCOMES OF DONOR ASSISTANCE AND AID IN BANGLADESH AND PAKISTAN

Bangladesh and Pakistan share a long common history since both were part of British India and Bangladesh was East Pakistan after the 1947 Partition before gaining independence in 1971. For both countries, aid has been an integral part of their economy. However, despite their common history, donor aid and assistance have witnessed divergent trajectories in Pakistan and Bangladesh primarily due to the composition of aid and socio-political factors in both countries. This paper attempts to examine the patterns and consequences of aid in both countries as well as explore the reasons for such effects and will finally conclude by providing some recommendations to the problems created by donor assistance and the aid structure.
Monetary Politics: Recruitment and Selection of Federal Reserve Personnel

In Chapter 1, I suggested that the relationships of the Federal Reserve and interested outsiders – would-be superiors – could be thought of in terms of issues and non-issues of monetary politics. Questions actively under debate are the issues. When policy creates important consequences that are not currently a central object of discussion or debate, these potentially controversial consequences are non-issues. There is, of course, a relationship between issues and non-issues. Structuring debate so as to keep issues on or off the agenda is probably the most important maneuver of all political conflict. This chapter is about processes of recruitment and selection to the top posts in the Federal Reserve, processes that can keep certain kinds of issues off of the agenda entirely. For some, to call attention to these processes and to suggest that they have political consequences is to be gratuitously contentious. They find it difficult to imagine things working differently. However, one of the more interesting questions about monetary politics is the reason why conflict is usually restricted to a relatively narrow range of issues – usually technical issues. One can agree that the issues under debate have important implications by almost any standards and still be struck by the narrowness of the conflict and the terms of debate.
Kalman-filter-based time-varying parameter estimation via retrospective optimization of the process noise covariance

Retrospective estimation of the process noise covariance is performed by minimizing the cumulative state-estimation error based on the innovations. This technique is applied to parameter estimation problems, where the parameters to be estimated are time-varying and thus do not fit in the classical Kalman filter noise structure. This technique is compared to the standard Kalman filter with a fixed process noise covariance as well as an innovations-based adaptive Kalman filter.
Protein Structure Alignment Using Evolutionary Computation

Publisher Summary Considerable amount of structural data on 3D protein structure has established structure comparison as an essential technique for understanding protein sequence, structure, function, and evolution. The goal is to predict 3D protein structures from amino acid sequence information alone. A major step toward this goal is to determine a method for discovering common protein structures in databases such as the Protein Data Bank, so that a better understanding of protein structure and function can be pieced together. Structure comparison algorithms are used to identify a set of residue equivalencies between two proteins based on their 3D coordinates. This set of equivalencies is called a structure alignment, and it allows the superposition of one protein structure onto the other after rigid rotation and/or translation. Structure alignments can indicate if two proteins share the same fold , or structural unit. Structure alignment is also used as the gold standard for evaluating protein structure prediction methods. This chapter focuses on the application of evolutionary computation to protein structure similarity problems and provides an example of a hybridization of evolutionary algorithms and other optimization techniques. The combination of these approaches offers a new and exciting method for protein structure comparison with increased specificity and sensitivity compared with previous methods.
Fractal behavior of the electrocardiogram: distinguishing heart-failure and normal patients using wavelet analysis

Heart-failure patients can be identified by computing certain statistics of the sequence of heartbeats, such as the Allan factor (AF) and its generalization, the wavelet Allan factor (WAF). These measures successfully determine whether a given patient suffers from heart failure or not. They succeed because they are jointly sensitive to both short-term, and long-term fractal, characteristics of the heartbeat time series.
Preservice Teachers’ Understanding of Fraction Multiplication, Representational Knowledge, and Computational Skills

Despite the importance of teacher fractional knowledge, there are several questions unanswered. The purpose of this study was to characterize profiles of preservice teachers’ (PSTs) mathematical competence on the topic of fraction multiplication by examining PSTs’ understanding of multiplication of fractions in three different contexts. Analyses of 60 PSTs’ written responses revealed that there are distinct gradations of competency, ranging from the PSTs who were unable to solve a given problem in any context to those capable of flexibly portraying understanding of fraction multiplication in three contexts. Most PSTs who recognized the word problem as a multiplication of fractions were able to explain their thinking using graphical representations. However, we also observed various types of errors PSTs made in representing the word problem in graphical representations and translating it to a correct multiplication expression. These findings offer descriptors of how the PSTs understand fraction multiplication in different contexts and provide information for the design of intervention in teacher education. One objective would be to support recognition of the connectivity of fraction multiplication in different contexts.
Wild wild emotion: a multimodal ensemble approach

Automatic emotion recognition from audio-visual data is a topic that has been broadly explored using data captured in the laboratory. However, these data are not necessarily representative of how emotion is manifested in the real-world. In this paper, we describe our system for the 2016 Emotion Recognition in the Wild challenge. We use the Acted Facial Expressions in the Wild database 6.0 (AFEW 6.0), which contains short clips of popular TV shows and movies and has more variability in the data compared to laboratory recordings. We explore a set of features that incorporate information from facial expressions and speech, in addition to cues from the background music and overall scene. In particular, we propose the use of a feature set composed of dimensional emotion estimates trained from outside acoustic corpora. We design sets of multiclass and pairwise (one-versus-one) classifiers and fuse the resulting systems. Our fusion increases the performance from a baseline of 38.81% to 43.86% and from 40.47% to 46.88%, for validation and test sets, respectively. While the video features perform better than audio features alone, a combination of the two modalities achieves the greatest performance, with gains of 4.4% and 1.4%, with and without information gain, respectively. Because of the flexible design of the fusion, it is easily adaptable to other multimodal learning problems.
Resource consumption prediction using neuro-fuzzy modeling

The accurate prediction of resource consumption is important when it comes to optimally scheduling jobs in heterogeneous computer systems, e.g., cloud and grid computing infrastructures. Accordingly, different methods have been proposed to estimate the computer resource consumption of applications executed on such systems. In this paper, we use neuro-fuzzy modeling to predict the resource consumption of two bioinformatics applications, RAxML and BLAST. We experiment with different numbers and shapes of the membership functions to obtain, from a broad test set, the best initial configuration, which is tuned using neuro-adaptive learning methods. The results obtained by the neuro-fuzzy models are compared with those of five differently configured machine-learning models using the Root Relative Squared Error of a ten-fold cross validation of each model. This comparison indicates that neuro-fuzzy modeling can be used to estimate computer resource consumption and can provide more accurate or competitively accurate predictions of execution-time consumption.
Quantitative analysis of CT attenuation distribution patterns of nodule components for pathologic categorization of lung nodules

We investigated the feasibility of classifying pathologic invasive nodules and pre-invasive or benign nodules by quantitative analysis of the CT attenuation distribution patterns and other radiomic features of lung nodule components. We developed a new 3D adaptive multi-component Expectation-Maximization (EM) analysis method to segment the solid and non-solid nodule components and the surrounding lung parenchymal region. Features were extracted to characterize the size, shape, and the CT attenuation distribution of the entire nodule as well as the individual regions. With permission of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) project, a data set containing the baseline low dose CT scans of 53 cases with known pathologic tumor type categorization was obtained. The 53 cases contain 45 invasive nodules (group 1) and 42 pre-invasive nodules (group 2). A logistic regression model (LRM) was built using leave-one-case-out resampling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for classification of group 1 and group 2, using the pathologic categorization as ground truth. With 4 selected features, the LRM achieved a test area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.877±0.036. The results demonstrated that the pathologic invasiveness of lung adenocarcinomas could be categorized according to the CT attenuation distribution patterns of the nodule components manifested on LDCT images.
Intervening on structure

Some explanations appeal to facts about the causal structure of a system in order to shed light on a particular phenomenon; these are explanations which do more than cite the causes X and Y of some state-of-affairs Z, but rather appeal to “macro-level” causal features—for example the fact that A causes B as well as C, or perhaps that D is a strong inhibitor of E—in order to explain Z. Appeals to these kinds of “macro-level” causal features appear in a wide variety of social scientific and biological research; statements about features such as “patriarchy,” “healthcare infrastructure,” and “functioning DNA repair mechanism,” for instance, can be understood as claims about what would be different (with respect to some target phenomenon) in a system with a different causal structure. I suggest interpreting counterfactual questions involving structural features as questions about alternative parameter settings of causal models, and propose an extension of the usual interventionist framework for causal explanation which enables scientists to explore the consequences of interventions on “macro-level” structure.
Culturally Responsive Writing Instruction for Secondary Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Research suggests that teachers often do not adequately prepare students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) to utilize organizational structures and basic writing skills that are necessa...
Bonus Points in a Self-Paced Course Facilitates Exam-Taking

The effects of reinforcing students for starting to work early in a self-paced course were examined. In One section of an introductory psychology course, a graduated point system was used during a 5-week period to award bonus points for taking exams early in the quarter. Students in the control section never received bonus points. The Bonus group took more exams during the bonus period than the No Bonus group with a peak in Week 3. Examtaking peaked in the last week for the No Bonus group. Students in the Bonus group also tended to finish the course before those in the No Bonus condition. These results suggest that a system which reinforces early responding in self-paced courses can change typical work patterns, distribute the work load more evenly for the instructor, and cause more students to finish the course early.
Cognitive regulation, not behavior regulation, predicts learning

Abstract Although inquiry learning has increasingly been a topic of empirical research, there has been little investigation of individual differences in this regard. What makes some students more effective inquiry learners than others? We examined two kinds of self-regulation – cognitive regulation and behavior regulation – as possible predictors of individual differences in middle-school students’ inquiry learning performance. Across two studies, one involving middle-class students (n = 135) and one involving students from a lower socioeconomic status underachieving population (n = 21), results were consistent. Cognitive regulation, but not behavior regulation, was associated with more successful inquiry learning. We discuss implications for the role of regulatory processes in inquiry learning and, more broadly, for education.
Disturbance macroecology: integrating disturbance ecology and macroecology in different-age post-fire stands of a closed-cone pine forest as a case study

Macroecological studies have generally restricted their scope to relatively steady-state systems, and as a result, how biodiversity and abundance metrics are expected to scale in disturbance-dependent ecosystems is unknown. We examine macroecological patterns in a fire-dependent forest of Bishop pine (Pinus muricata). We target two different-aged stands in a stand-replacing fire regime, one a characteristically mature stand with a diverse understory, and one more recently disturbed by a stand-replacing fire (17 years prior to measurement). We compare the stands using macroecological metrics of species richness, abundance and spatial distributions that are predicted by the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE), an information-entropy based theory that has proven highly successful in predicting macroecological metrics across a wide variety of systems and taxa. Ecological patterns in the mature stand more closely match METE predictions than do data from the recently disturbed stand. This suggests METE's predictions are more robust in late-successional, slowly changing, or steady-state systems than those in rapid flux with respect to species composition, abundances, and organisms' sizes. Our findings highlight the need for a macroecological theory that incorporates natural disturbance and other ecological perturbations into its predictive capabilities, because most natural systems are not in a steady state.
The Liberal Convention of 1893

The year 1948 goes down in the history of Canadian politics as the year of national party conventions. Meeting at Ottawa, both the Liberals and the Conservatives used national party conventions to select new national leaders, to revitalize their national party organizations, and to revamp their party platforms. The C.C.F., meeting in Winnipeg, although not in the throes of change of party leadership, likewise used a national convention as a vehicle for discussion of organization and platform problems. That the questions of leadership, organization, and platform are properly subjects for deliberation by representative assemblies of party stalwarts is today unquestioned in Canada. Yet, so far as the Liberal and Conservative parties are concerned, acceptance of the convention procedure for consideration of important party matters is based upon limited experience. While national party conclaves have not been uncommon, national party “conventions” especially designed to include delegates selected by and representing the individual federal ridings have been infrequent. Actually, the first truly representative national convention after confederation was that of the Liberal party in 1893. 1 In 1919, Mackenzie King was selected as leader of the party at another great convention 2 and it was not until 1948 that the Liberals met again. As a party in opposition, whose path back into office has been far from smooth, the Conservatives have in recent years had more occasion to use national party conventions. They assembled in 1927, 1938, 1942, 3 and again in 1948. The national party convention appears to have challenged the role of the party’s elected members of parliament as the dominating ruler of the party in selecting the party leader and formulating the party platform and organization. Of course the parliamentary party group plays a prominent part in convention proceedings, but the significant thing is that the parliamentary group now must, in some instances, exercise its influence through the medium of a representative convention in which the members of parliament can be outvoted by the local delegates.
Building code economic performance under variable wind risk

As losses from natural disasters steadily increase, communities search for ways to increase resilience. Northern Australia strengthened their wind codes in 1980 after Tropical Cyclone Tracy devastated Darwin and recommendations from engineers in Queensland, Australia suggest further enhancements. Florida, United States Of America (US) also enacted stronger building codes after the devastation brought by Hurricane Andrew as a way to limit future windstorm losses. This study uses the case study of Florida to develop understanding of the economic effectiveness of wind-enhanced building codes across regions of varying wind risk. Realized insured loss data are used to examine the effect of the Florida Building Code (FBC) on windstorm losses. Further, we analyze the effectiveness of the FBC in different regions within the state. We find that overall the FBC passes a benefit/cost test with the exception of the use of a higher cost option for impact protection. Our results suggest that wind code changes in other regions, such as those recommended for the Australian wind code, would also be cost-effective. Finally, potential changes in wind speed from hurricanes due to climate change increase the cost-effectiveness of actions that mitigate the damage from wind storms.
Can the Law Meet the Demands Made on It

This is my contribution to a festshcrift in honor of Professor Don Wallace, Jr. on his retirement from the Georgetown University Law Center. My essay points out the problems and dangers of the increasing delegation to international and domestic courts, in broad and vague value-laden language, the responsibility of making basic moral and policy decisions for society. It saddles courts with a task that they are not particularly suited to perform and it is certainly not the way a democratic society should function.
MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY | Gust Fronts

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 2, pp 915–918, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Early Diagnosis by Diffusion‐Weighted MRI of Pure Motor Stroke Limited to Finger Weakness

Pure motor neurologic deficits occur among 3%-14% of all patients with ischemic stroke. Pure motor monoparesis occurs among 2%-22% of patients with pure motor stroke. The authors report the case of a 73-year-old woman with isolated finger weakness as the sole manifestation of a small cortical-subcortical pure motor stroke diagnosed within 4 hours of onset by means of diffusion-weighted echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging. To the authors' knowledge, the case of a patient with pure motor stroke with finger weakness as the only manifestation has not been previously reported. Increased awareness of this rare clinical presentation of pure motor stroke coupled with the promise of prompt diagnosis by means of diffusion-weighted MRI should lead to earlier stroke intervention.
A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Linsitinib (OSI-906), a Small-Molecule Dual Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor/Insulin Receptor Kinase Inhibitor, in Combination with Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Lessons learned The maximum tolerated dose of the combination of linsitinib and irinotecan is linsitinib 450 mg daily on days 1-3 every 7 days and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.The adverse effects associated with the combination are not significantly increased beyond what is expected of each drug as a single agent.Multiple negative trials of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitors performed in unselected patient populations led to the early discontinuation of linistinib development and this trial.Earlier integration of assessment of potential predictive biomarkers into clinical trials, as was planned in this study, is vital to the development of targeted therapies in oncology. Background This phase I dose-escalation study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the combination of irinotecan and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor linsitinib in patients with advanced cancer refractory to standard therapy. Methods Dose escalation in three specified dose levels was performed according to a standard 3 + 3 design. Dose levels were as follows: (a) linsitinib 400 mg and irinotecan 100 mg/m2, (b) linsitinib 450 mg and irinotecan 100 mg/m2, and (c) linsitinib 450 mg and irinotecan 125 mg/m2. Linisitinib was administered once daily on days 1-3, 8-10, and 15-17, and irinotecan on days 1 and 8. Assessment of a candidate predictive biomarker was planned in all patients, with further evaluation in an expansion cohort of advanced colorectal cancer. Results A total of 17 patients were treated, with 1 patient in both cohort 2 and 3 experiencing dose-limiting toxicity. Linsitinib 450 mg and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 was the maximum tolerated dose. Sixteen (94%) patients experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event. Neutropenia was the only grade >3 toxicity (4%). No significant hyperglycemia or QT interval prolongation was noted. No objective responses were observed; 47% (n = 8) had stable disease with median duration of 5.25 months. Conclusion Although the combination was determined safe, the study was halted due to termination of linsitinib development, and biomarker testing was not performed.
THEORETICAL AND SOCIOECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FIRE FOODWAYS

Archaeological investigations of the effects of anthropogenic fire on the subsistence economies of small-scale societies, particularly those of the prehispanic northern American Southwest, are embryonic in scope and disciplinary impact. When burning has been mentioned in such studies it typically has been with reference to its alleged effectiveness in clearing land or deforesting areas for maize agriculture. In this article, in contrast, we present the results of our initial efforts to estimate the yield and socioecological consequences of cultivating a common fire-responsive ruderal—amaranth—whose growth is enabled by anthropogenic burning of understory vegetation in the Southwest's pinyon-juniper ecosystems. With data from the Upper Basin (northern Arizona), we show that, in an area that is not environmentally conducive to maize production, populations could be supported with systematic, low-intensity anthropogenic fires that promoted the growth of amaranth and other ruderals, such as chenopodium, which consistently dominate archaeobotanical and pollen assemblages recovered from a variety of archaeological and sedimentary contexts in the region. Based on this evidence, as well as modern fire ecological data, we propose that fire-reliant ruderal agriculture, in contrast to maize agriculture, was a widespread, sustainable, and ecologically sound practice that enhanced food supply security independently of variation in soil fertility and precipitation.
Analysis of Simple Half-Shared Transimpedance Amplifier for Picoampere Biosensor Measurements

High-throughput recordings of small current are becoming more common in biosensor applications, including in vivo dopamine measurements, single-cell electrophysiology, photoplethysmography, pulse oximetry, and nanopore recordings. Thus, a highly scalable transimpedance amplifier design is in demand. Half-shared amplifier design is one way to improve the scalability by sharing the non-inverting side of the operational amplifier design for many inverting halves. This method reduces silicon area and power by nearly half compared to using independent operational amplifiers. In this paper, we analyze the scalability of a simple half-shared amplifier structure while investigating the tradeoff of increasing the number of inverting half amplifiers sharing a single non-inverting half. A transimpedance amplifier is designed using the half-shared structure to minimize the size per amplifier. The transimpedance amplifier is based on a current integration of a capacitor. The noise analysis of the integration amplifier is a challenging task because it does not reach a steady-state, thus, being a non-stationary circuit. For frequency analysis, a conversion method is discussed to estimate the noise characteristic in the simulation. The array design of 1024 transimpedance amplifiers is fabricated using a standard 0.35 μ m process and is tested to confirm the validity of above analysis. The amplifier array exhibits high linearity in transimpedance gain (7.00 mV/pA for high gain and 0.86 mV/pA for low gain), low mismatch of 1.65 mV across the entire 1024 amplifier array, and extremely low noise. The technique will be crucial in enabling the fabrication of larger arrays to enable higher throughput measurement tools for biosensor applications.
Memory at the Surface: Colonial Forgetting in Postcolonial France

In this essay I argue the French postcolonial corpus on colonialism, as quantitatively significant as it is, is not only a recollection of the colonial past, but also contains within itself an impo...
Topical estrogen prescribing patterns for urogenital atrophy among women with breast cancer: results of a national provider survey.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns of physicians prescribing topical estrogen for women with urogenital atrophy and a history of breast cancer. Methods A cross-sectional survey of breast surgeons, urogynecologists, and gynecologists was distributed via their professional societies: the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS), the American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS), and the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons (SGS). Providers reported level of comfort prescribing vaginal estrogen for urogenital symptoms for women with different categories of breast cancer and current treatment: estrogen receptor (ER) negative, ER positive no longer on endocrine therapy, and ER positive currently on adjuvant endocrine therapy. General knowledge questions assessed agreement on a 5-point Likert scale to statements about vaginal estrogen safety and pharmacology. Results A total of 820 physicians completed the survey: 437 responses from the ASBrS (response rate, 26.7%), 196 from AUGS (15%), and 187 from SGS (44.5%). The majority of physicians (84%), regardless of specialty, felt comfortable prescribing vaginal estrogen to women with a history of ER-negative cancer: 65.7% felt comfortable prescribing for women with ER-positive breast cancer no longer on endocrine therapy; 51.3% for women on an aromatase inhibitor; and 31.4% for women on tamoxifen. Urogynecologists were significantly more comfortable than breast surgeons prescribing vaginal estrogen for the lowest risk patients, whereas breast surgeons had the highest level of comfort for women currently on endocrine therapy. Conclusions This study highlights heterogeneity in practice patterns both within and across specialties. The clinical variation seen in this study suggests providers may benefit from increased knowledge regarding vaginal estrogen.
Dynamical stability of quasitoroidal differentially rotating neutron stars

We investigate the dynamical stability of relativistic, differentially rotating, quasitoroidal models of neutron stars through hydrodynamical simulations in full general relativity. We find that all quasitoroidal configurations studied in this work are dynamically unstable against the growth of nonaxisymmetric modes. Both one-arm and bar mode instabilities grow during their evolution. We find that very high rest mass configurations collapse to form black holes. Our calculations suggest that configurations whose rest mass is less than the binary neutron star threshold mass for prompt collapse to black hole transition dynamically to spheroidal, differentially rotating stars that are dynamically stable, but secularly unstable. Our study shows that the existence of extreme quasitoroidal neutron star equilibrium solutions does not imply that long-lived binary neutron star merger remnants can be much more massive than previously found. Finally, we find models that are initially supra-Kerr ($J/{M}^{2}g1$) and undergo catastrophic collapse on a dynamical timescale, in contrast to what was found in earlier works. However, cosmic censorship is respected in all of our cases. Our work explicitly demonstrates that exceeding the Kerr bound in rotating neutron star models does not imply dynamical stability.
Insights Into Nitric Oxide Modulated Quorum Sensing Pathways

The emerging threat of drug resistant bacteria has prompted the investigation into bacterial signaling pathways responsible for pathogenesis. One such mechanism by which bacteria regulate their physiology during infection of a host is through a process known as quorum sensing (QS). Bacteria use QS to regulate community-wide gene expression in response to changes in population density. In order to sense these changes in population density, bacteria produce, secrete and detect small molecules called autoinducers. The most common signals detected by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are acylated homoserine lactones and autoinducing peptides (AIPs), respectively. However, increasing evidence has supported a role for the small molecule nitric oxide (NO) in influencing QS-mediated group behaviors like bioluminescence, biofilm production, and virulence. In this review, we discuss three bacteria that have an established role for NO in influencing bacterial physiology through QS circuits. In two Vibrio species, NO has been shown to affect QS pathways upon coordination of hemoprotein sensors. Further, NO has been demonstrated to serve a protective role against staphylococcal pneumonia through S-nitrosylation of a QS regulator of virulence.
Existential isolation and cultural orientation

Abstract Existential isolation is the subjective feeling of being alone in one's experience and differs from feeling lonely for lack of meaningful interpersonal relationships. The bulk of the work on existential isolation to date comes from individualistic cultures and thus overlooks the role played by cultural orientation in this experience. Here we validate a version of the Existential Isolation Scale for use in South Korea. Next, we look at existential isolation as a function of individualism/collectivism and independent/interdependent self-construals, drawing samples from both South Korea the United States. Across both samples, we witness that strong endorsement of collectivistic values corresponds with lower levels of existential isolation. In addition, in Study 2 we witness that gender differences in interdependent self-construal account for why we observe gender differences in existential isolation in the United States but not in South Korea. We close by contemplating the possibility that collectivistic values serve as a buffer against feelings of existential isolation.
ApoE mimetic peptide targeted nanoparticles carrying a BRD4 inhibitor for treating Medulloblastoma in mice

Abstract Treatment of medulloblastoma (MB) is challenging due to diverse genetic make-up, chemoresistance and inefficient drug transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Since hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity, Hh inhibitors have the potential to treat sonic Hh driven MB (SHH-MB), but their repeated use develops chemoresistance due to mutations in smoothened (SMO). Herein, we aimed to overcome these problems by modulating GLI transcription using JQ1, which is a small molecule BRD4 inhibitor. JQ1 inhibited HD-MB03 and DAOY cell proliferation, with the IC50 of 402 and 4220 nM, respectively. JQ1 inhibited colony formation, but increased apoptosis in HD-MB03 and DAOY cells. Western blot analysis confirmed significant inhibition of GLI1 and c-MYC protein expression in DAOY and HD-MB03 cells, respectively. JQ1 was encapsulated into apolipoprotein (ApoE) mimetic peptide decorated nanoparticles (ApoE-NPs), with the mean particle size of 64 nm and drug loading of 10% (w/w). ApoE-NPs increased JQ1 concentration in the tumor by 5 and 8 folds at 6 and 24 h after systemic administration into orthotopic MB tumor bearing NSG mice compared to non-targeted JQ1 loaded NPs. Although there was also modest increase in JQ1 delivery to the liver, there was no hepatotoxicity as evidenced by H&E staining and little increase in serum ALT and AST after treatment with JQ1 loaded ApoE-NPs. There was also significant decrease in the orthotopic MB tumor burden after systemic administration of JQ1 loaded ApoE- NPs at the dose of 10 mg/kg every 3rd day for a total of 8 injections. In conclusion, JQ1 loaded NPs have the potential to treat Group 3 and SHH driven MB in mice.
Estimation of Thermal-Conductivity Coefficients in the Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model

This paper uses retrospective cost parameter estimation (RCPE) to estimate parameters in the global ionosphere–thermosphere model (GITM). Using GITM as an executable simulation code, RCPE estimates...
Structural Evolution of Ternary Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Solvent Systems for Phase Inversion Membrane Formation

Block copolymer (BCP)-derived asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes combine the BCP self-assembly with nonsolvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS). To understand the structural evolution in membrane...
Complications after open and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and association with postoperative opioid use: an analysis of data from the PREVENTER trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate perioperative complications for open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and robot-assisted RP (RARP) for patients enrolled in the PREvention of VENous ThromboEmbolism Following Radical Prostatectomy (PREVENTER; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03006562) trial, to determine predictors and impact on opioid consumption. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 500 patients undergoing ORP and RARP was followed to determine rates of complications and opioid use. Complications were classified 30 days after RP using the Clavien-Dindo system. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared using appropriate statistical tests. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to identify predictors of complications and evaluate the relationship between complications and postoperative opioid use. RESULTS A total of 124 (24.8%) men underwent ORP and 376 (75.2%) RARP, with 418 (83.6%) receiving pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). While 83 patients (16.6%) had complications, only 19 (3.8%) were major (Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥III), with no differences by surgical approach. PLND (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-8.71; P = 0.03) and Stage pT3b (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.23-6.00;P = 0.01) were the only predictors of complications after controlling for potential confounders. Patients who had complications had greater inpatient (P = 0.02) and outpatient (P = 0.005) opioid use, which persisted after controlling for patient-reported pain, attending surgeon variation, surgical approach, and undergoing PLND (inpatient β:77.2, 95% CI 17.9-136.5,P = 0.03; and outpatient β:21.9, 95% CI 4.7-39.1,P = 0.01). CONCLUSION In an analysis of prospectively collected data, overall and major complications rates did not differ by surgical approach. Patients receiving PLND and with Stage pT3b disease had more complications. Complications were independently associated with higher inpatient and outpatient postoperative opioid use.
Seifert fibered and reducible surgeries on hyperbolic fibered knots

Let $K\subset S^3$ be a hyperbolic fibered knot such that $S^3_{p/q}(K)$, the $\frac pq$--surgery on $K$, is either reducible or an atoroidal Seifert fibered space. We prove that if the monodromy of $K$ is right-veering, then $0\le\frac pq\le 4g(K)$. The upper bound $4g(K)$ cannot be attained if $K$ is an L-space knot. If the monodromy of $K$ is neither right-veering nor left-veering, then $|q|=1$ and the surgery is irreducible. As a corollary, for any given positive torus knot $T$, if $p/q\ge4g(T)+4$, then $p/q$ is a characterizing slope. This improves earlier bounds of Ni--Zhang and McCoy. We also prove that some finite/cyclic slopes are characterizing. More precisely, $14$ is characterizing for $T_{4,3}$, $17$ is characterizing for $T_{5,3}$, and $4n+1$ is characterizing for $T_{2n+1,2}$ except when $n=5$. By a recent theorem of Tange, this shows that $T_{2n+1,2}$ is the only knot in $S^3$ admitting a lens space surgery while the Alexander polynomial has the form $t^n-t^{n-1}+t^{n-2}+\cdots$. In the appendix, we prove that if the rank of the second term of the knot Floer homology of a fibered knot is $1$, then the monodromy is either right-veering or left-veering.
The Judge’s Two Bodies: The Case of Daniel Paul Schreber

The great work of the psychotic judge Daniel Paul Schreber, namely Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, has received predictable and rather unimaginative interpretations as the discourse of a lunatic. The work has not been studied as a theory of law. Schreber, it is argued here, was an extreme lawyer, a radical melancholegalist, a black letter theorist, a critic avant la lettre (noire), and a radical theorist of an impure jurisprudence.
Iterative experimental design based on active machine learning reduces the experimental burden associated with reaction screening

High-throughput reaction screening has emerged as a useful means of rapidly identifying the influence of key reaction variables on reaction outcomes. We show that active machine learning can further this objective by eliminating dependence on “exhaustive” screens (screens in which all possible combinations of the reaction variables of interest are examined). This is achieved through iterative selection of maximally informative experiments from the subset of all possible experiments in the domain. These experiments can be used to train accurate machine learning models that can be used to predict the outcomes of reactions that were not performed, thus reducing the overall experimental burden. To demonstrate our approach, we conduct retrospective analyses of the preexisting results of high-throughput reaction screening experiments. We compare the test set errors of models trained on actively-selected reactions to models trained on reactions selected at random from the same domain. We find that the degree to which models trained on actively-selected data outperform models trained on randomly-selected data depends on the domain being modeled, with it being possible to achieve very low test set errors when the dataset is heavily skewed in favor of low- or zero-yielding reactions. Our results confirm that this algorithm is a useful experiment planning tool that can change the reaction screening paradigm, by allowing medicinal and process chemists to focus their reaction screening efforts on the generation of a small amount of high-quality data.
Alfabetización en Diseño. Una Experiencia de Diseño Participativo con Adultos Mayores de Escasos Recursos

En el campo de la implementacion de las politicas sociales, la participacion de los actores involucrados en el proceso de Diseno constituye uno de los desafios mas significativos de los disenadores contemporaneos. A partir de la sistematizacion de una experiencia de Diseno participativo con adultos mayores de escasos recursos –en el marco de un proyecto social que promueve la alimentacion saludable y la autovalencia de este grupo poblacional, realizada en la ciudad de Valparaiso– se reflexiona sobre el proceso de alfabetizacion en Diseno que se requirio para que fructificara el dialogo y la cooperacion entre disenadora, otros profesionales y adultos mayores. El metodo de participacion y alfabetizacion en Diseno adoptado contemplo, como procedimiento basico, la realizacion de workshops en donde se definio el sistema de comunicacion del proyecto. Cinco son las variables procesadas participativamente que configuran su sintaxis visual, a saber: significado, legibilidad, imagenes, color y organizacion de los elementos del Diseno. La construccion de un espacio de dialogo y de cooperacion entre los diversos actores involucrados se distingue como una condicion sine qua non y un nudo critico para que los procesos de Diseno participativo y de alfabetizacion en Diseno fructifiquen de manera socialmente apropiada.
Integrating social networks into large-scale urban simulations for disaster responses

Social connections between people influence how they behave and where they go; however, such networks are rarely incorporated in agent-based models of disaster. To address this, we introduce a novel synthetic population method which specifically creates social relationships. This synthetic population is then used to instantiate a geographically explicit agent-based model for the New York megacity region which captures pre- and post- disaster behaviors. We demonstrate not only how social networks can be incorporated into models of disaster but also how such networks can impact decision making, opening up a variety of new application areas where network structures matter in urban settings.