cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary Control and Tissue Specific Expression of Branched-Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase

Abstract The branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, catalyst for the rate-limiting step of branched-chain amino acid catabolism, is controlled by a highly specific protein kinase (branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase) that associates tightly with the complex. The activity state (proportion of the enzyme in its active, dephosphorylated state) of the complex varies dramatically in different rat tissues. The activity state of the complex in the liver is greater than that in any other tissue, and liver contains the lowest amount of kinase protein and kinase mRNA. However, protein malnutrition, a condition under which the complex is largely phosphorylated and inactive, resulted in a three- to fourfold increase in hepatic kinase activity with an accompanying increase in amounts of kinase protein and mRNA, Refeeding a 50% protein diet restored the normal activity state and the original levels of kinase protein and mRNA. The amount of kinase protein associated with the complex rather than changes in specific activity of the kinase appears responsible for observed differences in activity states of the complex in several rat tissues tested. Accordingly, the levels of kinase protein and mRNA measured are highest in tissues with greatest kinase activity (heart > kidney > liver), correlating reasonably well inversely with activity state of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in the respective tissues. These observations suggest that the amount of kinase protein expressed in various tissues and in response to dietary protein deficiency is an important factor determining the activity state of the complex.
An approach for user identification for head-mounted displays

A head-mounted display (HMD) is a device, worn by a person, which has a display in front of one or both eyes. HMDs have applications in a variety of domains including gaming, virtual reality, and medicine. In this paper we present an approach that can identify a user, from among a group of users, by synchronously capturing their unconscious blinking and head-movements using integrated HMD sensors. We ask each user of the HMD to view a series of rapidly changing images of numbers and letters on the HMD display. Simultaneously, their blinks and head-movements are captured using infrared, accelerometer, and gyroscope sensors. Analysis of our approach using blink and head-movement data collected from 20 individuals demonstrates the feasibility of our approach with an accuracy of ~94%.
A Format for a Graphical Communications Protocol

This article describes the requirements for a graphical format on which a graphical on-line communications protocol can be based. It is argued that on-line graphical communications is similar to graphical session capture, and thus we propose an Interactive Graphical Communications Format using the GKSM session metafile. The discussion includes items that complement the GKSM metafile as a format for on-line interactive exchanges. One key application area of such a format is multimedia on-line conferencing. Therefore, we present a conferencing software architecture for processing the proposed format. This format specification is made available to those planning multimedia conferencing systems, as a contribution toward the development of a graphical communication protocol that will permit the interoperation of these systems.
Remote control of LTI systems over networks with state quantization

We consider a system in a remote control setup, where the plant and the controller are connected by a network and study quantization schemes for its stabilization. It is assumed that the computation available on the plant side is limited and also that broadcast of messages is allowed over the channel.
TADPOLES EVOLVED AND FROGS ARE THE DEFAULT

The thesis of this heuristic discussion is that the frog morphotype arose via a regulatory mutation that truncated vertebrae-forming somitogenesis and not via selection on structural genes. This truncation, along with many collaborative events (e.g., other skeletal elements, viscera, jaws, and mouthparts) required to maintain a viable organism, produced the essence of a prototadpole. With the presumed confines of metamorphosis, only something resembling a frog could metamorphose from such a highly paedomorphic larva. Larvae and adults were further altered by other less deep regulatory changes and subsequent selection to produce characters correlated with systematics and ecology.
HAPLOSPORIDIUM NELSONI (MSX) rDNA DETECTED IN OYSTERS FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THE CARIBBEAN SEA

The known range of the oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni Haskin, Stauber, and Mackin (MSX) extends along the North American Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to Florida. Our study demonstrates that H. nelsoni is also present throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Thirty of 41 oysters (73%) sampled from sites ranging from Florida to as far south as Venezuela were positive for MSX by PCR amplification of the ribosomal rRNA gene complex. DNA sequences cloned from oysters positive for H. nelsoni were $99% identical to H. nelsoni and clearly divergent (<89% identical) from known haplosporidian congeners, including Haplosporidium costale Wood and Andrews (SSO). The absence of MSX epizootics in the Gulf of Mexico, despite the wide distribution of H. nelsoni infections, raises questions about pathogenicity and the host-parasite relationship in subtropical latitudes.
Biomass Fuel Quality Enhancement and Respiratory Quotient (RQ) for Ranking Fossil and Biomass Fuels Based on CO2 Emissions

Torrefaction is one of the thermo-chemical pretreatment techniques used to enhance the properties of biomass fuels. An inert environment is maintained during torrefaction process. Effect of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as torrefaction medium for mesquite and juniper woody biomass was investigated in the current study. CO2 torrefaction resulted in improved grindability and comparable energy retention in the case of mesquite and juniper. A three component model based on independent parallel reactions was developed to model the torrefaction process. Effect of torrefaction on behavior of the three components in the biomass: hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was studied. Kinetic parameters for the three biomass components were obtained from literature. Results from the TCM were compared with the results obtained from TGA experiments carried out on mesquite and juniper samples. Further, concept of respiratory quotient (RQ) used in biological literature was applied to combustion applications. Global warming potential (GWP) of different fuels were estimated based on respective RQ. Higher the RQ of fuel, higher is its GWP. A term RQ Process,Biomass was introduced to estimate the amount of CO2 produced during processing a renewable fuel for combustion applications.
Tartanian7: a champion two-player no-limit texas hold'em poker-playing program

The leading approach for solving large imperfect-information games is automated abstraction followed by running an equilibrium-finding algorithm. We introduce a distributed version of the most commonly used equilibrium-finding algorithm, counterfactual regret minimization (CFR), which enables CFR to scale to dramatically larger abstractions and numbers of cores. The new algorithm begets constraints on the abstraction so as to make the pieces running on different computers disjoint. We introduce an algorithm for generating such abstractions while capitalizing on state-of-the-art abstraction ideas such as imperfect recall and the earth-mover's-distance similarity metric. Our techniques enabled an equilibrium computation of unprecedented size on a supercomputer with a high inter-blade memory latency. Prior approaches run slowly on this architecture. Our approach also leads to a significant improvement over using the prior best approach on a large shared-memory server with low memory latency. Finally, we introduce a family of post-processing techniques that outperform prior ones. We applied these techniques to generate an agent for two-player no-limit Texas Hold'em. It won the 2014 Annual Computer Poker Competition, beating each opponent with statistical significance.
The Dematerializing Interface

‘Media’ is coming to mean not the discrete, dedicated devices of old but functionalities that are increasingly available through non-media objects. The interface remains the form of access, inviting the use of media affordances, but its design grows more natural, demanding less of the user – especially because behind the interface are intelligent information machines that are able to anticipate the user’s desires. These conditions in turn allow people to experience greater emotional and imaginative relations with media; together they form ‘assemblages’ of embodied and extended cognition. The automobile is used as a case study of this transformation, which poses difficult challenges for a material approach to media studies.
Management of trauma in the elderly patient

Injuries among the elderly are a common occurrence and, as the population ages, the elderly will constitute a prominent proportion of trauma patients. The elderly sustain the same injuries that younger people do; however, because of a variety of age-related processes, the elderly suffer more severe consequences from these injuries. Epidemiologic factors and physiologic processes are used to explain the "susceptibility" of the elderly population to traumatic injuries. Recommendations for initial resuscitation and management of specific injuries are presented along with general principles of injury prevention and rehabilitation. The socioeconomic cost of trauma in the elderly is discussed in terms of physical disabilities and financial burdens.
Sensitivity and uncertainty quantification of the cohesive crack model

Abstract The zero thickness, fracture mechanics inspired cohesive crack model has been widely used in its various formulations. The constitutive model being formulated in terms of about fourteen parameters, yet only few can be measured experimentally, and other must be estimated. This paper performs a sensitivity analysis to assess the relative importance of each of the parameters resulting in the model Tornado diagram. For the most sensitive parameters, uncertainty quantification is performed through Latin hypercube sampling to determine capacity and fragility curves. Finally, impact of correlation among the parameters is assessed. The study is conducted by performing pushover analysis of a simple interface element under mode I and II, and dynamic analysis of a dam with joint elements subjected to mixed-mode fracture. This investigation leads to a probabilistic-based safety assessment of structures which responses is primarily governed by cohesive cracking.
Photochemical studies of rancidity: Induction period of protected and non-protected oils

1. The induction period of an oil is appreciably lengthened when the oil is kept in the dark, and it is likewise lengthened when oils are protected from light by a green wrapper delimited by 4,900 to 5,800 Angstrom units. 2. An oil which has been protected from light for a certain period and then exposed to light will develop rancidity in about the same time as will a fresh sample of the same oil exposed to light under the same conditions. 3. The development of peroxides in oils protected from light by means of a green wrapper is no indication of the rate at which rancidity will develop in unprotected oils. The idea heretofore held that the time required for rancidity to develop is associated with the peroxide value is no longer tenable, except in the case of accelerated tests. 4. The results indicate that rancidity of an oil has no necessary correlation with the development of peroxides. 5. A high peroxide value in an oil does not mean that the induction period will be short. This is especially true if the oil has been adequately protected from light. 6. The time required for an oil which has been protected from light to become rancid is, under like conditions, the same regardless of the acquired peroxide value. 7. There is apparently a relationship (see Table IV) between the numerical increase in the peroxide value of an oil previously protected from the time it is exposed to light until it becomes rancid and the peroxide value of a fresh sample of the same oil when it becomes rancid.
Regular-spiking cells in the presubiculum are hyperexcitable in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of adult epilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures originating in the temporal lobes. Here, we examine TLE-related changes in the presubicul...
Tumor cell intravasation

The process of entering the bloodstream, intravasation, is a necessary step in the development of distant metastases. The focus of this review is on the pathways and molecules that have been identified as being important based on current in vitro and in vivo assays for intravasation. Properties of the vasculature which are important for intravasation include microvessel density and also diameter of the vasculature, with increased intravasation correlating with increased vessel diameter in some tumors. TGFB signaling can enhance intravasation at least in part through induction of EMT, and we discuss other TGFB target genes that are important for intravasation. In addition to TGFB signaling, a number of studies have demonstrated that activation of EGF receptor family members stimulates intravasation, with downstream signaling through PI3K, N-WASP, RhoA, and WASP to induce invadopodia. With respect to proteases, there is strong evidence for contributions by uPA/uPAR, while the roles of MMPs in intravasation may be more tumor specific. Other cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and platelets can also play a role in enhancing tumor cell intravasation. The technology is now available to interrogate the expression patterns of circulating tumor cells, which will provide an important reality check for the model systems being used. With a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying intravasation, the goal is to provide new opportunities for improving prognosis as well as potentially developing new treatments.
Residential Private Governments: An Introductory Survey

Today many home buyers, on the purchase of an apartment in a condominium or cooperative or a house in a small subdivision or large-scale new community, become automatically subject to the authority of some type of homeowners' association.I Although based on a mix of private law concepts of contract and property, such associations are generally organized in a manner similar to the public law model of municipal government. All homeowners are bound, usually by encumbrances on their property, to abide by the dictates of the association, which is empowered to create, alter and enforce a comprehensive set of regulations governing important aspects of community life. Because homeowners' associations possess much of the power and trappings of local municipal government but arise out of private relationships, they will be described as "residential private governments. '' The development of residential private governments has to some extent outpaced the development of the legal standards necessary to deal with them. My intention in this paper is to begin analysis of the residential private government phenomenon and eventually to suggest a legal framework to guide future regulation. The
Allegations of Secret Diplomacy and End of the Burmese Kingdom

After 1875, Mindon was a broken and disappointed man, and he ceased to take much interest in foreign policy. All his attention was now focussed on the problem of choosing an heir for the throne. His ministers again and again pressed him to appoint a Crown Prince, but he hesitated because he feared that to nominate any of his sons as his successor would be the signal for others to rebel in disappointment. This hesitation resulted in an atmosphere of suspense and anxiety in the palace and also in the kingdom itself, and he himself became sick and ailing. Finally in 1878, he realized that he was dying, and he sent for the Prince of Nyaungyan, who was the most able and the most popular of his sons. But the air was thick with rumours of palace intrigues and plots and counter-plots, and some even said that the King was dead. Nyaungyan was disturbed by these rumours, and he thought that the King was already dead or in a torpor, and he was being sent for to be arrested by some plotters, so that their own nominee could be placed on the throne. Calling his younger brother, the Nyaungok Prince, he slipped out of the palace and took refuge in the British Residency. Kinwun Mingyi, in the name of the King, demanded from the British Resident their surrender, but the latter refused to comply, and secretly sent the two princes down the river to Lower Burma in his own armed launch, and thence to Calcutta where they were given a pension and kept under surveillance. The British obviously meant to use the Prince of Nyaungyan in future as a political pawn. The Burmese, however, thinking that the prince was still in the British Residency, waited for his surrender, and thus some precious days were lost. The King then named a council of regency consisting of three of his sons, but Kinwun Mingyi refused to accept the King’s instructions, pointing out that such a council of regency would merely result in civil war. The King died and Kinwun Mingyi and other ministers of the Hluttaw proclaimed young Theebaw as King.
Hermite–Hadamard and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér type inequalities for generalized fractional integrals ☆

Abstract In this paper we obtain the Hermite–Hadamard and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer type inequalities for fractional integrals which generalize the two familiar fractional integrals namely, the Riemann–Liouville and the Hadamard fractional integrals into a single form. We prove that, in most cases, we obtain the Riemann–Liouville and the Hadamard equivalence just by taking limits when a parameter ρ → 1 and ρ → 0 + , respectively.
Complicial Sets, an Overture

The aim of these notes is to introduce the intuition motivating the notion of a complicial set, a simplicial set with certain marked “thin” simplices that witness a composition relation between the simplices on their boundary. By varying the marking conventions, complicial sets can be used to model (∞, n)-categories for each n ≥ 0, including n = ∞. For this reason, complicial sets present a fertile setting for thinking about weak infinite dimensional categories in varying dimensions. This overture is presented in three acts: the first introducing simplicial models of higher categories; the second defining the Street nerve, which embeds strict ω-categories as strict complicial sets; and the third exploring an important saturation condition on the marked simplices in a complicial set and presenting a variety of model structures that capture their basic homotopy theory. Scattered throughout are suggested exercises for the reader who wants to engage more deeply with these notions.
To Keep this Disease from Killing You: Cultural Competence, Consonance, and Health among HIV-positive Women in Kenya.

The HIV/AIDS crisis continues in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly 70% of infections are found. Despite recent efforts to supply antiretroviral therapy to those infected, most are not receiving medication and are forced to rely on self-management to remain healthy. In Kenya, many of those infected are women living in extreme poverty. This article presents the findings of research among poor women in Nairobi that examined the relationship between knowledge of a cultural model of self-managing HIV/AIDS, cultural consonance, and health. This biocultural study expands on earlier findings showing that knowledge of the model (competence) is a significant predictor of health by examining here how behavior consistent with that knowledge (consonance) affects health outcomes, as measured by CD4 counts, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and recent illnesses. It concludes that knowledge of the model is a significant predictor of health, even after controlling for demographic data and behaviors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Abstract 177: Insulin Resistance and Mechanisms of Heart Failure

A major cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes is cardiac failure and the molecular mechanism that links diabetes to cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and intensive insulin therapy on the patients with type 2 diabetes increases the risks of cardiovascular dysfunction. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of insulin actions and resistance, related to cardiac dysfunction, will be critical for development of new strategies treating heart failure in type 2 diabetes. Insulin receptor substrate 1, & 2 (IRS1, IRS2) are major components in insulin signaling pathway regulating metabolism and survival. Here we hypothesized that (1) loss of IRS1 and IRS2 causes heart failure; (2) hyperinsulinemia contributes to loss of IRS1 and IRS2 in type 2 diabetes and promotes cardiac dysfunction; and (3) underlying mechanisms are involved in protein kinase activation. H-DKO mice (Heart Double IRS1 and IRS2 Knock-Out) and L(Liver)-DKO mice were generated using Cre/Loxp system. Cardiac function and ATP content were measured by echocardiograms and ATP assay kit. Protein and gene expressions were detected through western-blot and Q-PCR. Primary cultures of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats with enzymatic method. H-DKO mice reduced ventricular mass, developed cardiac fibrosis and failure, and diminished Akt→Foxo1 signaling accompanied by impaired cardiac metabolic gene expression patterns and reduced ATP content. L-DKO mice decreased cardiac expression of IRS1 and IRS2 proteins with insulin resistance, disrupting cardiac energy metabolism, leading to heart failure and activation of p38α MAPK (p38). Using NRVMs, we demonstrated that hyperinsulinemia degraded IRS1 and IRS2, resulting in insulin resistance and impaired insulin action through activation of p38. In conclusion, myocardial loss of IRS1 and IRS2 causes heart failure and is controlled by p38 during Insulin resistance, revealing a fundamental mechanism of heart failure during insulin resistance and/or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Circulating Tumor DNA in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Primer for the Clinician

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) consists of short, double-stranded DNA fragments that are released into the circulation by tumor cells. With the advent of newer molecular platforms, ctDNA can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity in plasma. The assay’s noninvasive nature, ability to reflect intratumoral heterogeneity, short turnaround time, and ability to obtain serial samples make it an attractive option compared with traditional tissue biopsy tumor sequencing. Currently, this technology is mostly being used for the detection of EGFR mutations in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer where tissue is inadequate to detect EGFR mutations that drive acquired resistance, most notably EGFR T790M. Emerging uses include the incorporation of ctDNA testing into primary diagnosis, treatment monitoring, detection of minimal residual disease, and detection of early-stage disease in screening populations. This review summarizes both validated and evolving uses of ctDNA testing in non–small-cell l...
Effects of colostrum, feeding method and oral IGF1 on porcine uterine development.

Nursing ensures lactocrine delivery of maternally derived, milk-borne bioactive factors to offspring, which affects postnatal development of female reproductive tract tissues. Disruption of lactocrine communication for two days from birth (postnatal day (PND) 0) by feeding milk replacer in lieu of nursing or consumption of colostrum alters porcine uterine gene expression globally by PND 2 and inhibits uterine gland genesis by PND 14. Here, objectives were to determine effects of: (1) nursing or milk replacer feeding from birth; (2) a single dose of colostrum or milk replacer and method of feeding and (3) a single feeding of colostrum or milk replacer, with or without oral supplementation of IGF1, administered at birth on aspects of porcine uterine development at 12-h postnatally. Results indicate nursing for 12 h from birth supports rapid establishment of a uterine developmental program, illustrated by patterns of endometrial cell proliferation, expression of genes associated with uterine wall development and entry into mitosis and establishment of a uterine MMP9/TIMP1 system. A single feeding of colostrum at birth increased endometrial cell proliferation at 12 h, regardless of method of feeding. Oral supplementation of IGF1 was sufficient to support endometrial cell proliferation at 12 h in replacer-fed gilts, and supplementation of colostrum with IGF1 further increased endometrial cell proliferation. Results indicate that lactocrine regulation of postnatal uterine development is initiated with the first ingestion of colostrum. Further, results suggest IGF1 may be lactocrine-active and support a 12-h bioassay, which can be used to identify uterotrophic lactocrine activity.
The Roles of Picornavirus Untranslated Regions in Infection and Innate Immunity.

Viral genomes have evolved to maximize their potential of overcoming host defense mechanisms and to induce a variety of disease syndromes. Structurally, a genome of a virus consists of coding and noncoding regions, and both have been shown to contribute to initiation and progression of disease. Accumulated work in picornaviruses has stressed out the importance of the noncoding RNAs, or untranslated 5ʹ and 3ʹ regions (UTRs), in both replication and translation of viral genomes. Unsurprisingly, defects in these processes have been reported to cause viral attenuation and affect viral pathogenicity. However, substantial evidence suggests that these untranslated RNAs may influence the outcome of the host innate immune response. This review discusses the involvement of 5ʹ and 3ʹ terminus UTRs in induction and regulation of host immunity and its consequences for viral life cycle and virulence.
Performance-based study on the rheological and hardened properties of blended cement mortars incorporating palygorskite clays and carbon nanotubes

Abstract In this performance-based study, the effect of palygorskite clays and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the rheological and hardened properties of a cement mortar and a blended mortar containing cement, fly ash and blast furnace slag were compared. Results showed that although the control cement mortar and control blended mortar exhibited similar rheological parameters, the additives had differing effects on each system. Palygorskite clays increased yield stress and static cohesion and decreased plastic viscosity in both systems but these effects were more marked in the cement mortar than in the blended. On the other hand, CNTs increased all measured rheological parameters in the cement mortar and decreased them in the blended. The rheological results highlighted the importance of considering the binder system when utilizing additives with exceptional surface properties like CNTs and palygorskite clays. In the hardened state, electrical resistivity, compressive strength, and tensile strength were evaluated. Results indicated that although the palygorskite clays are utilized primarily as a rheological modifier, they can also enhance mechanical properties.
Upgrading Housing Settlement for the Urban Poor in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Kampung Deret Program

Indonesia’s formal housing policies—self-help housing, public housing, and cross-subsidization—have not adequately addressed housing provision for the urban poor. Most poor residents of Indonesian cities live in spontaneous informal settlements referred to as kampungs. Low-income housing markets in Indonesia are far beyond the reach of kampung residents in Jakarta and other Indonesian cities. After the fall of the New Order regime in May 1998, the Indonesian system of government became more decentralized and transparent. The new Housing and Settlement Areas Law 1/2011 authorized the local governments to provide housing for low-income households and to upgrade slums. The new Fiscal Decentralization Law 32/2014 granted local government a greater role in funding development programs, including housing provision program for low-income residents. The Kampung Deret Program is a result of the implementation of these two new laws. The program is the first housing program initiated and funded by a local government in Indonesia. This chapter reviews the self-help housing policy, the development of public housing, and the cross-subsidization housing policy, and discusses how the Kampung Deret Program differs from these three Indonesian formal housing policies. The research question of this chapter is: “What main ingredients are important and have more impact on upgrading housing settlements for the urban poor in Indonesian cities?” The chapter concludes by discussing some policy implications from the implementation of the Kampung Deret Program.
Integrated product, process and enterprise design: why, what and how?

Today’s manufacturing industry is best characterized as dynamic, global and customer-driven.
Being Approximate: The Ganser Syndrome and Beyond

The Ganser syndrome, or “talking past the point,” (originally identifying symptoms of inmates on remand when questioned by prison doctors), is explored as a form of insubordination against the stigmatizing effects of overdetermined diagnostic categories. The strategies of approximation that characterize the syndrome are likened to comedy routines/vaudeville styles and to their employment of punning, clownery, and ambiguity to challenge the more privileged cultural values of clarity, literalness, and precision. The seeming craftiness of Ganserians is related to the aesthetic tactics of the trickster figure and to the physical buffoonery of hysterics. Stylistically, this paper synthesizes the languages of critical theory, Gracie Allen routines, personal narrative, jokes, and poetic reflections on the notion of being approximate.
Endocrine disruption and hypospadias.

In 1996 a conference was held in Europe to discuss the ramifications of a number of disturbing clinical observations relating to male reproductive health. The rate of testicular cancer was noted to be increasing in many countries (Weybridge, 1995). Additionally these same countries were noted to have increasing problems with male infertility correlated with decreasing sperm counts (Carlesen et al., 1995). Plausibly, testicular cancer and infertility could be tied to environmental agents affecting fetal testicular structure and function. That individuals could demonstrate more than one problem, i.e. cancer and infertility, suggested the existence of shared etiologic influences. Substantial evidence supported the notion that testicular function and male development can be affected by changes in the hormonal milieu of the developing fetus (Toppari et al., 1996). Concentrations of hormonally active compounds of no consequence late in fetal development can have profound long-term consequences if present during earlier critical periods of male genital development (Ema et al., 2000). From this conference came the definition of a endocrine disruptor as an exogenous substance that causes adverse health effects in an intact organism or its progeny, consequent to changes in endocrine function. A potential endocrine disruptor is a substance that possesses properties that might be expected to lead to endocrine disruption in an intact organism ((Joffe, 2001).
CHAPTER 8 – FINDING ANTIDERIVATIVES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the methods for finding antiderivatives. It presents a systematic study of three methods of finding antiderivatives. These methods constitute the basic tools needed by anyone who expects to develop a facility in finding antiderivatives. It is seen that some problems can be solved by using a combination of the basic tools. One would abandon the idea of memorizing the list, but it would provide a source to which one could turn when confronted with a problem to see if one has already done it. The difficulty with this is that the list would grow, until it might be faster to work the problem from the beginning than to read through the entire list.
Kinematic Dynamo Theory

Kinematic dynamo theory is concerned with solutions of the induction equation (7.8), which we rewrite here in the form $$ \frac{{\partial B}} {{\partial t}} - \eta \nabla ^2 B = B \cdot \nabla u - u \cdot \nabla B, $$ (8.1a) for a given velocity field u(r,t). In its broadest sense, the theory seeks to discover, among some classes of admissible u, those functions which lead to “dynamo action”, as discussed in Section 7.3. The precise meaning of dynamo action will generally depend upon the nature of the admissible functions u.
Endometriosis revisited: an imaging review of the usual and unusual manifestations with pathological correlation

The manifestations of endometriosis commonly present a diagnostic challenge to the gynecologist and radiologist. Familiarity with its varied presentations may allow for a more accurate diagnosis. The goal of this review is to the present the imaging spectrum of endometriosis, less common sites of involvement as well as the potential rare complications. Relevant surgical and histopathological correlation is also provided. In addition to clinical evaluation and sonography, MRI is a highly accurate imaging modality in the diagnosis of endometriosis. It possesses a distinctive advantage over other modalities in that it allows a complete survey of the pelvic compartments. The potentially devastating effects of endometriosis include pelvic pain and even infertility. Since standard treatment is surgical, the radiologist needs to be familiar with the various manifestations in order to aid diagnosis for appropriate management.
A Data-Driven Misbehavior Detection System for Connected Autonomous Vehicles

In a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) system, some malicious CAVs may send out false information in vehicle-to-vehicle communication to gain benefits or cause safety-related accidents. Previous false data detection methods are not sufficient to meet the accuracy and real-time requirements. In this paper, we propose a data-driven misbehavior detection system (MDS) (running by each CAV) that checks the consistency between the estimated and actually reported driving state (i.e., velocity, acceleration, brake status, steering angle) of an alerting CAV. First, MDS predicts the driving state using Gaussian mixture model based Mixture Density Network incorporating Recurrent Neural Network that can catch the driving behavior patterns of a CAV. Second, MDS extends the existing Krauss traffic flow model and uses it to consider the overall traffic flow of the road to make the predicted driving state more accurate. Finally, for a given received alert, a CAV validates the alert by checking the consistency between the predicted and actually reported driving states of the alerting CAV. We conduct extensive simulation studies based on a real driving dataset we collected from 29 participants and the Simulator for Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator. The experimental results show that the false information detection rate of the proposed MDS is higher than other existing systems in different alert scenarios.
Statistical characterization of the largest DMR-whitened eigenvalue for source enumeration

The goal of source enumeration is to estimate the number of sources impinging on an array of sensors. This paper considers the problem of source enumeration in colored noise, which is often encountered in sonar applications. When the background noise is colored, the standard approach is to whiten the data prior to estimating the number of sources. The whitening filter is designed using an estimate of the sample covariance matrix (SCM) derived from a training set containing only noise. In many underwater array applications, the number of snapshots available to estimate the noise-only SCM is limited due to environmental variability. Using results from random matrix theory, Nadakuditi and Silverstein proposed a source enumeration method that requires less data than previous approaches [1]. This paper explores a source enumeration method based on the Dominant Mode Rejection (DMR) whitening transform that can be implemented with even less data than Nadakuditi and Silverstein’s approach. Specifically, this paper presents a statistical characterization of the largest DMR-whitened eigenvalue. Simulations show that the largest DMR-whitened eigenvalue can be characterized by the Tracy-Widom distribution. This paper derives the parameters used to map the DMR eigenvalues to the Tracy-Widom distribution and shows how to set the detection threshold to guarantee a desired false alarm rate for the source enumeration algorithm.
Phase II study of ipilimumab and nivolumab (ipi/nivo) in metastatic uveal melanoma (UM).

9522Background: UM is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Approximately 40-50% of patients (pts) with UM will ultimately develop metastatic disease. There is currently no...
A multisectoral institutional arrangements approach to integrating civil registration, vital statistics, and identity management systems.

This paper reviews the essential components of a recommended institutional arrangements framework of integrated civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and civil identification systems. CRVS typically involves several ministries and institutions, including health institutions that notify the occurrence of births and deaths; the judicial system that records the occurrence of marriages, divorces, and adoptions; the national statistics office that produces vital statistics reports; and the civil registry, to name a few. Considering the many stakeholders and close collaborations involved, it is important to establish clear institutional arrangements—“the policies, practices and systems that allow for effective functioning of an organization or group” (United Nations Development Programme, Capacity development: a UNDP primer. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2009). An example of a component of institutional arrangements is the establishment of a multisectoral national CRVS coordination committee consisting of representatives from key stakeholder groups that can facilitate participatory decision-making and continuous communication. Another important component of institutional arrangements is to create a linkage between CRVS and the national identity management system using unique identification numbers, enabling continuously updated vital events data to be accessible to the civil identification agency. By using birth registration in the civil registry to trigger the generation of a new identification and death registration to close it, this link accounts for the flow of people into and out of the identification management system. Expanding this data link to enable interoperability between different databases belonging to various ministries and agencies can enhance the efficiency of public and private services, save resources, and improve the quality of national statistics which are useful for monitoring the national development goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. Examples from countries that have successfully implemented the recommended components of an integrated CRVS and national identity management system are presented in the paper.
Natural Killer-Like Cells in the Sheep: Functional Characterization and Regulation by Pregnancy-Associated Proteins

Natural killer (NK) cells represent an important component of the innate immune system. In ruminants there are few reports regarding presence or characterization of NK cells. Although absence of expression of major histocompatibility complex proteins on ovine trophoblast makes it potentially a target for NK cells, little is known about regulation of NK cells by products of pregnancy in sheep. Objectives of the present study were to determine whether cells with characteristics of NK cells exist in preparations of ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) and to determine regulation of such cells by two pregnancy-associated molecules with immunoregulatory properties (ovine uterine serpin [OvUS] and interferon-tau [IFN-tau]). Ovine PBL and EEC lysed a putative NK target cell, the BHV-1 infected D17 cell, and lysis by both types of cells was neutralized by antibody against a molecule called function-associated molecule (FAM) expressed on NK cells of several species. Moreover, inhibitors that interfere with perforin-mediated lysis blocked NK-like activity of PBL. The NK-like lytic activity of PBL and EEC was inhibited by OvUS, whereas ovine and bovine IFN-tau significantly enhanced NK-like activity of PBL. In conclusion, NK-like activity present in preparations of ovine PBL and EEC is mediated by FAM(+) cells, is dependent on processes that involve perforin processing, and is regulated by OvUS and IFN-tau. Inhibition of NK-like activity of PBL and EEC by OvUS is consistent with a role for OvUS in protecting the conceptus from maternal cytotoxic lymphocytes. Stimulation of lysis by IFN-tau implies the existence of other inhibitory mechanisms during early pregnancy to prevent NK cell-mediated destruction of the conceptus.
Examining Reproductive Health Outcomes in Females Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Polybrominated Biphenyl

In 1973, accidental contamination of Michigan livestock with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the establishment of a registry of exposed individuals that have been followed for > 40 years. Besides being exposed to PBBs, this cohort has also been exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a structurally similar class of environmental pollutants, at levels similar to average US exposure. In this study, we examined the association between current serum PCB and PBB levels and various female reproductive health outcomes to build upon previous work and inconsistencies. Participation in this cross-sectional study required a blood draw and completion of a detailed health questionnaire. Analysis included only female participants who had participated between 2012 and 2015 (N = 254). Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to identify associations between serum PCB and PBB levels with each gynecological and infertility outcome. Additionally, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to evaluate each pregnancy and birth outcome in order to account for multiple pregnancies per woman. We controlled for age, body mass index, and total lipid levels in all analyses. A p-value of <0.05 was used for statistical significance. Among the women who reported ever being pregnant, there was a significant negative association with higher total PCB levels associating with fewer lifetime pregnancies ( β = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.21 to −0.005, p = 0.04). There were no correlations between serum PCB levels and the self-reported gynecological outcomes (pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or uterine fibroids). No associations were identified between serum PCB levels and the prevalence of female infertility in women reporting ever having sexual intercourse with a male partner. There were no associations identified between serum PCB levels and pregnancy outcomes (singleton live births or miscarriages) or birth outcomes (preterm birth, birth weight, birth defects, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or gestational diabetes). PBB was not associated with any outcome. Further research is needed to determine if and how PCB may reduce pregnancy number.
Leveraging the Power of Context in Disability Policy Development, Implementation, and Evaluation: Multiple Applications to Enhance Personal Outcomes:

The article provides an overview and integration of work examining the multiple applications of context to enhancing personal outcomes, with a focus on how a clearer understanding of context can be...
The Socrates of Modern Psychology: A Historical-Socratic View on Smedslund’s Common Sense Perspective

This chapter highlights the intellectual relationship between Smedslund’s work on Psycho-logic and the ancient philosopher Socrates’ “dialectic method,” as well as the notions of “virtue” and “know thyself.” Like Socrates’ dialectic, Smedslund’s method divides into a negative and a positive part. The former invokes a process of reasoning to show that the discussed issues are in a state of confusion, inconsistency, and/or contradiction. The positive side of this method is that one should study people by systematically clarifying psychological common sense. Moreover, virtues emphasized by both Socrates and Smedslund, such as courage, piety, and self-control, are incessantly relevant in our societies and embody some of the key attributes we continually strive for. But of importance is also their emphasis on knowing yourself. To truly know yourself means self-possession and independence. It may enable a person to come to terms not only with his/her limitations but also with his/her potentials, which then can lay the groundwork for realistic therapeutic goals. If a person, be it a psychologist or a patient, does not keep watching over him/herself, forestalling the irrational inclinations to wrongdoing, (s)he may impulsively do wrong toward him/herself or others. To help another person to gain the relevant self-understanding may therefore be an ethically relevant goal in a therapeutic setting. However, to get the relevant kind of self-understanding is also of relevance for the psychological researcher; if psychologists neglect clarifying what they know about being a person, the scientific discipline of psychology may run the risk of being unethical.
Geriatrics Fellowship-Family Medicine: Evaluation of Fellowship Program Accessibility and Content for Family Medicine Applicants.

Background Website content and accessibility has the potential to influence the applicant's decision whether to interview for the program or not. The objective of our study is to determine the content and accessibility of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Directory and accredited geriatric (family medicine) fellowship program websites. Methods A list of geriatric (family medicine) fellowship programs was retrieved using the AAFP Directory and verified for accreditation. Contact information was compared between the directory and the fellowship websites. The programs' website links from the directory were evaluated and compared with Google search. The websites' accessibility and content were assessed for program, education, and application overview. Results Fifty programs were identified, but 43 programs were chosen for analysis. There was an incongruence of over 50% of contact information between the AAFP Directory and the website page. Regarding content, most websites were lacking in fellows' profile information, previous research studies, and application ID. Conclusion AAFP Directory and fellowship websites can improve geriatric (family medicine) fellowship recruitment by updating their information and providing more accessible and accurate content.