cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging Role of Integrative Medicine in Hematologic Malignancies: a Literature Review and Update on Current Trends in Complementary Medical Practices in Hematologic Cancers.

This review discusses the emerging role of integrative hematology. It reinforces the growing interest of CAM among patients, and the importance of provider knowledge and participation in discussions with patients about the subject. The main question asked in this review, “Is there evidence for the use of integrative medicine practices in the field of malignant hematology?” is answered by examining current research and providing relevant summaries. Data suggests that practices such as meditative movement, exercise, nutrition and supplements and touch therapy can be used for symptom alleviation, preventive measures, and novel treatment development. Integrative hematology is a needed part of complete patient care, and it is the role of providers to be knowledgeable and open to ensure patients are engaging in practices that are evidence-informed and safe. More studies are needed in the field in order to make concrete and robust recommendations.
Spoken Drama and Its Doubles: Thunderstorm 2.0 by Wang Chong and Théâtre du Rêve Expérimental

Thunderstorm 2.0 at the 2018 Under the Radar Festival introduced a modern Chinese classic to US audiences via radical adaptation and an assemblage of textual deconstruction, live-feed video, and Su...
Writing on Social Media: A Review of Research in the High School Classroom.

Students today spend more time writing on social media than they do in formal classrooms and have developed distinct and complex literacies separate from traditional writing curricula. Although several studies have explored teens’ informal literacy practices online, research investigating how these spaces may inform or be effectively utilized in the classroom remains inconclusive. This systematic literature review identifies and critically evaluates the existing knowledge base on how social media have been integrated in high school writing instruction, with particular emphasis on which factors improved student learning and which factors created barriers to student learning. Social media platforms were found to be potentially authentic learning spaces, yet sometimes low student participation hindered effective implementation. Specific teaching strategies, such as modeling and scaffolding instruction, and directions for future research are described.
Proteome analysis of Mycoplasma fermentans cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Mycoplasmas are ubiquitous pathogens found not only in humans but also in animals, plants, insects and soil. Though they usually grow better in an aerobic environment, mycoplasmas are also facultative anaerobic microorganisms. Following infection, the transition of a microorganism from a normal environment into an anaerobic one (e.g. dead or dying tissue) may result in production of a higher number of bacterial toxins. The resolution of the bacterial proteome during the aerobic/anaerobic switch could thus allow the identification of potential pathogenic determinants and pathways. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/tandem mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS/MS) and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis to characterize the liposoluble and hydrosoluble protein fractions of a strain of Mycoplasma fermentans isolated in our lab (MFI), that was cultured under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. We identified the 27 most abundant proteins in the liposoluble fraction and the 30 most abundant proteins in the hydrosoluble fraction and determined their modulation under aerobic and anaerobic growth. By using Protein ANalysis TrougH Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) software analysis tools, we were able to identify, define and organize the function of each protein, as well as to determine the specific interactome. Our work provides the first proteome reference map of Mycoplasma fermentans obtained under aerobic and anaerobic growing conditions. These data may help to better understand the mechanisms of pathogenicity of this microorganism and define new diagnostic targets.
Exposure to the US Criminal Legal System and Well-Being: A 2018 Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives. To assess the association between exposure to the US criminal legal system and well-being.Methods. We used data from the 2018 Family History of Incarceration Survey, a nationally repres...
Feasibility of selective cardiac ventricular electroporation

Introduction The application of brief high voltage electrical pulses to tissue can lead to an irreversible or reversible electroporation effect in a cell-specific manner. In the management of ventricular arrhythmias, the ability to target different tissue types, specifically cardiac conduction tissue (His-Purkinje System) vs. cardiac myocardium would be advantageous. We hypothesize that pulsed electric fields (PEFs) can be applied safely to the beating heart through a catheter-based approach, and we tested whether the superficial Purkinje cells can be targeted with PEFs without injury to underlying myocardial tissue. Methods In an acute (n = 5) and chronic canine model (n = 6), detailed electroanatomical mapping of the left ventricle identified electrical signals from myocardial and overlying Purkinje tissue. Electroporation was effected via percutaneous catheter-based Intracardiac bipolar current delivery in the anesthetized animal. Repeat Intracardiac electrical mapping of the heart was performed at acute and chronic time points; followed by histological analysis to assess effects. Results PEF demonstrated an acute dose-dependent functional effect on Purkinje, with titration of pulse duration and/or voltage associated with successful acute Purkinje damage. Electrical conduction in the insulated bundle of His (n = 2) and anterior fascicle bundle (n = 2), was not affected. At 30 days repeat cardiac mapping demonstrated resilient, normal electrical conduction throughout the targeted area with no significant change in myocardial amplitude (pre 5.9 ± 1.8 mV, 30 days 5.4 ± 1.2 mV, p = 0.92). Histopathological analysis confirmed acute Purkinje fiber targeting, with chronic studies showing normal Purkinje fibers, with minimal subendocardial myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion PEF provides a novel, safe method for non-thermal acute modulation of the Purkinje fibers without significant injury to the underlying myocardium. Future optimization of this energy delivery is required to optimize conditions so that selective electroporation can be utilized in humans the treatment of cardiac disease.
Unsupervised Online Learning for Long-Term High Sensitivity Seizure Detection

Current seizure detection systems rely on machine learning classifiers that are trained offline and subsequently require manual retraining to maintain high detection accuracy over long periods of time. For a true deploy-and-forget implantable seizure detection system, a low power, at-the-edge, online learning algorithm can be employed to dynamically adapt to the neural signal drifts over time. This work proposes SOUL: Stochastic-gradient-descent-based Online Unsupervised Logistic regression classifier, which provides continuous unsupervised online model updates that was initially trained with labels offline. SOUL was tested on two datasets, the CHB-MIT scalp EEG dataset, and a long (>250 hours) human ECoG dataset from the University of Melbourne. SOUL achieves an average cumulative sensitivity of 97.5% and 97.9% for the two datasets respectively, while maintaining 12% is observed on three subjects with <1% impact on specificity.
“Like Having a Tiger by the Tail”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Provision of Online Education in Higher Education

Background/ContextOnline education has become an increasingly prevalent medium of instruction and the primary source of enrollment growth for colleges and universities. The well-documented growth o...
Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Surface and Cytoplasmic TRBC1 Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Immature T-Cell Proliferations.

Objectives Flow cytometric detection of T-cell clonality is challenging, particularly in differential diagnosis of immature T-cell proliferations. Studies have shown utility of TRBC1, in conjunction with other T-cell markers, as reliable means to identify T-cell clonality by flow cytometry. One limitation of surface TRBC1 (sTRBC1) evaluation is it cannot be detected in surface CD3 (sCD3)-negative T cells, such as normal or abnormal immature T-cell precursors. Here, we assess surface and cytoplasmic TRBC1 expression patterns in the differential diagnosis of T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) vs normal thymocyte expansions. Methods Forty-three samples containing T-ALL, thymoma, normal thymus, and/or indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (i-TLBP), were evaluated. Results All 24 cases with normal thymocytes or i-TLBPs revealed a characteristic and reproducible sCD3/sTRBC1 expression pattern indicative of polytypic T-cell maturation. In contrast, all 19 T-ALLs lacked this polytypic maturation pattern and were either completely negative for sCD3/sTRBC1 or showed a minor sCD3-positive subset with a monotypic TRBC1 expression pattern. Cytoplasmic TRBC1 evaluation in 9 T-ALLs demonstrated a monotypic intracellular TRBC1-positive (n = 4) or TRBC1-negative (n = 5) expression, indicative of clonality. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate flow cytometric evaluation of surface and cytoplasmic TRBC1 expression can aid detection of T-cell clonality and differential diagnosis of immature T-cell proliferations.
Nondestructive electromagnetic material characterization using a dual waveguide probe: A full wave solution

[1] A nondestructive technique for determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a perfect electric conductor backed magnetic shielding material using a dual waveguide probe is presented. The dual waveguide probe allows for the simultaneous collection of reflection and transmission coefficients which distinguishes it from single probe methods common in the literature. Theoretical development of these coefficients, which is accomplished through a coupled magnetic field integral equations formulation using Love's equivalence principle and solved via the method of moments (MOM), is discussed. Evaluation of the resulting MOM impedance matrix elements is performed using complex plane integration leading to enhanced computational efficiency and physical insight. Comparison of the theoretical and measured reflection and transmission coefficients using a root finding algorithm leads to the desired permittivity and permeability. Measurement results of a magnetic shielding material are presented and compared to traditional methods for the purpose of validating the new technique. The probe's sensitivity to aperture alignment, sample thickness, and flange thickness is also investigated.
Mood Stabilizing Medications

As bipolar disorder is a recurrent illness over the lifetime of the patient, a central aspect of its successful treatment is the prevention of new mood episodes rather than simply the stabilization of acute manic or depressive episodes. For decades lithium was the only effective medication available for this purpose. However, not all patients responded to lithium, particularly those with a rapid cycling course of illness (four or more affective episodes per year) or mixed states (meeting criteria for depressive and manic states simultaneously). Over the last 15 years or so, fortunately, many new medications have emerged to greatly expand therapeutic options for our patients. Anticonvulsants such as valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine have all received FDA approvals for treatment of bipolar mood states. This article summarizes the roles that lithium and several anticonvulsants play in the current treatment of mood disorders, with attention to their mechanism of action, indications, dosing, and side effects. Keywords: bipolar disorder; mood stabilizers; lithium; mania; anticonvulsants; lithium
Sonographic screening for fetal aneuploidy: first trimester.

OBJECTIVES Screening for fetal aneuploidy is now possible during the first trimester using sonographic and biochemical markers. The aim of this review was to summarize the efficacy and use of nuchal translucency in screening for fetal aneuploidy, especially fetal Down syndrome, and other anomalies. METHODS We reviewed available literature regarding first-trimester screening. This includes more than 16 studies of nuchal translucency as a marker for fetal aneuploidy published since 1995. RESULTS Although early studies showed wide variation in detection of fetal Down syndrome when using nuchal translucency, more recent studies showed sensitivities of approximately 70% to 80%, for a 5% false-positive rate. Increased nuchal translucency has also been found to be a marker for other aneuploidies, including trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and Turner syndrome. Maternal serum biochemical screening can be used as a test for aneuploidy during the first trimester The 2 maternal serum markers that appear to be most useful in the late first trimester are the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. Together with maternal age, these markers yield a detection rate for trisomy 21 of approximately 60%, for a 5% false-positive rate. Because sonographic and biochemical markers appear to be largely independent, their combined risk results in improved detection rates compared with either method alone. As a result, the combination of nuchal translucency, biochemical markers, and maternal age has achieved a detection rate of approximately 85%, for a 5% false-positive level for detection of trisomy 21. A newly proposed "integrated" approach using a panel of first- and second-trimester markers suggests that further improvement in the screening performance is possible. A number of questions regarding first-trimester screening remain. We address some of these questions: is first-trimester screening more effective than second-trimester screening? How to account for intrauterine lethality? Is earlier diagnosis important, and will it be accepted by patients? Is first-trimester screening cost-effective? How should first-trimester screening be interpreted with second-trimester tests? CONCLUSIONS Despite encouraging data and general enthusiasm for first-trimester screening for fetal Down syndrome and other aneuploidies, a number of questions remain about its implementation in the United States. Multicenter studies currently under way should help answer some of these questions.
Orbits of Curves on Certain K3 Surfaces

In this paper, we study the family of algebraic K3 surfaces generated by the smooth intersection of a (1, 1) form and a (2, 2) form in \(\mathbb{P}^{2} { \times }\mathbb{P}^{2} \) defined over \(\mathbb{C}\) and with Picard number 3. We describe the group of automorphisms \(\mathcal{A} = Aut (V / {\mathbb{C}})\) on V. For an ample divisor D and an arbitrary curve C0 on V, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the quantity \(N_{\mathcal{A}{\text{(}}C_0 {\text{)}}} (t) = \# \{ C \in \mathcal{A}{\text{(}}C_0 {\text{)}}\;{\text{:}}\;C \cdot D < t\} \). We show that the limit $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to \infty } \frac{{\log N_{\mathcal{A}(C)} (t)}}{{\log t}} = \alpha $$ exists, does not depend on the choice of curve C or ample divisor D, and that .6515<α<.6538.
Refractory hypochromic anemia in malignant lymphoma.

Unexplained refractory hypochromic anemia in association with benign lymphoid masses has been described on several occasions. A 7-year-old boy with a malignant lymphoma presented with anemia which, as judged by serum iron, iron binding capacity, and ferrokinetics, resembled iron deficiency anemia. However, the administration of oral and parenteral iron in large doses failed to alter the hemoglobin concentration. Some aspects of the pathogenesis of the anemia are discussed
Dynamics of amide-I modes of the alanine dipeptide in D2O.

The equilibrium dynamics of the acetyl and amino amide-I groups of the alanine dipeptide were examined separately using 13C isotopic selection and 2D IR. The population relaxation times of the amide transitions were measured to be in the range 500 fs by means of heterodyne transient grating methods. The vibrational frequency correlation functions consisted in all cases of a motionally narrowed part, a component near 800 fs, and a constant part representing a distribution of structures that is static on the few ps time scale. The intermediate time scale is attributed to fluctuations in the stretching and bending of hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl and water.
The heritability of life history strategy: The k‐factor, covitality, and personality

Archival data from the MIDUS survey (Brim et al., 2000), a nationally representative sample, on 309 MZ and 333 DZ twin pairs aged 25-74 years were used to test the psychometrics and behavioral genetics of life history strategy. We organized 253 of the originally administered 2,000 questions into 30 scales measuring life history traits (e.g., quality of family relationships and altruism towards kin), medical symptoms (e.g., thyroid problems), personality traits (e.g., neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness), and social background (e.g., financial security). A single higher-order factor, indicating a general life history strategy, composed of three lower-order factors, was replicated. Factor analyses were then performed on the genetic variance-covariance matrices. We found that (a) a single higher-order factor explained the preponderance of the genetic correlations among the scales and (b) this higher-order factor was itself 68 percent heritable and accounted for 82 percent of the genetic variance among the three component lower-order factors.
A Novel Method of Predicting Aortic Valve Opening through LVAD Power Waveform Analysis

Purpose Aortic valve opening (AVO) during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support has important clinical implications in preventing thrombosis and leaflet fusion causing chronic regurgitation. Assessment of AVO has become part of routine LVAD care. Traditionally, this has been done with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) but that technology is costly and not always readily available, especially as patients are increasingly released back to their communities. This study investigates the use of LVAD power waveform analysis as a faster and inexpensive method of evaluating AVO in LVAD patients. Methods and Materials Waveforms were collected from HeartMate II LVAD controllers and saved in The Artificial Heart Program database. Waveforms were then matched with corresponding TTE reports to determine AV status. A LabView program was used to filter and analyze these power waveforms and output characteristics of each wave. These characteristics were then stratified into AV opened or AV closed groups. Averages of parameters for each group were taken and compared using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. Results 492 AV closed waveforms were obtained from 39 patients and 168 AV opened waveforms were obtained from 19 patients. Patients with open AV are shown to have higher average wave amplitudes, and took a larger percentage of time to reach max amplitude as shown by the skewness which is a measure of wave asymmetry. Conclusions We describe an innovative and inexpensive method of detecting significant differences between open and closed AV. Further study is needed to create and validate a user interface in LabView to input an unknown waveform and be able to predict AVO within a reliable accuracy level. AV Closed (n=492) AV Open (n=168) Waveform Characteristics μ ± μ ± p-values Baseline Current (mA) 303 77 305 83 0.85 Amplitude (mA) 139 37 160 50 Skewness 0.07 0.41 -0.08 0.44 Table 1 μ: mean, ±: standard deviation
The Interdependence of Spray Characteristics and Evaporation History of Fuel Sprays in Stagnant Air

A simple calculation method based on an evaporation analysis proposed previously [1] [2] is used to predict the variation of JP-5 fuel spray characteristics (median drop diameter, Dm, and drop-size distribution parameter, n) with time during evaporation in stagnant hot air. The method takes full account of transient effects occurring during the heat-up period. The results show that Dm increases with time, and so also does n, indicating that the drop-size distribution narrows with passage of time. The time to vaporize any given fraction of the spray mass is found to be proportional to D2mo. The effect of the initial value of n, no, is that a spray having a large value of no will reach its 90% evaporation point faster, but a smaller value of no will give a shorter 20% evaporation time. Based on these calculations, a general method for estimating the time required for any liquid fuel to attain any given percentage of spray mass evaporation in stagnant air is proposed.Copyright © 1983 by ASME
Nucleic acid metabolism in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy.

Abstract Swiss mice, S-129 mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy, and their normal litter mates were injected with formate-C14, and groups were killed 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after injection. Urine was collected for determination of quantity and radioactivity of allantoin. DNA and RNA concentration and specific activities were determined in liver, small intestine, and skeletal muscle. There were no differences among the three groups in allantoin excretion per unit body surface or in allantoin specific activity. Skeletal muscle from dystrophic mice contained approximately three times as much DNA and two times as much RNA per unit wet weight as did S-129 control mice or Swiss mice. The turnover time of skeletal muscle DNA or RNA was not shortened in dystrophic mice. The results indicate that nucleic acid turnover is not increased in skeletal muscle of mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy in contrast to the situation in animals with nutritional muscular dystrophy. This suggests that the hereditary muscular dystrophy in mice is not related to an inability to utilize vitamin E.
A quantitative ultrasonic spectroscopy method for noninvasive determination of corneal biomechanical properties.

PURPOSE. To describe a quantitative ultrasonic spectroscopy technique for the noninvasive characterization of corneal biomechanical properties and to compare these measurements with established techniques in a porcine eye model. METHODS. An ultrasound system was constructed to accurately acquire acoustic reflections from corneas through a saline bath. Corneal properties (including thickness, density and aggregate modulus) were estimated from the measured reflection spectra based on wave propagation analysis. Twenty fresh porcine corneas were measured using the quantitative ultrasound method and other established techniques that can only be applied to dissected corneas. RESULTS. The ultrasonic measurements of corneal thickness and aggregate modulus were significantly correlated with the measurements of established techniques (Pearson's correlation = 0.99 and 0.61; P < 0.005), and good sample-to-sample consistency was achieved. The measurement of corneal density agreed well in terms of mean and range, but the correlation did not achieve statistical significance (Pearson's correlation = 0.41; P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS. The ultrasonically measured corneal biomechanical properties agreed well with the measurements obtained by using established techniques, validating the accuracy of the ultrasound method. Quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy may provide a noninvasive approach for in vivo characterization of corneal biomechanical properties.
Prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors in siblings of patients with accommodative esotropia

Purpose To prospectively describe the prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors in the siblings of patients with accommodative esotropia. Methods We examined 81 proband children with accommodative esotropia and 115 siblings ages 10 years or younger in our clinical practice. Criteria for significant ocular findings in siblings included any of the following: spherical refractive error ≥ +3.5 D in either eye; astigmatism in either eye ≥1.0 D or 1.5 D depending on the axis; anisometropia ≥1.5 D; and/or any strabismus. Results In siblings, 42.6% (95% CI: 34.0%-51.7%) had significant ocular findings: strabismus, 14.8% (95% CI: 8.3%-21.3%); hyperopia ≥3.5 D, 23.5% (95% CI: 16.6%-32.1%); astigmatism ≥1 D or 1.5 D (depending on axis), 13.9% (95% CI: 8.7%-21.5%); and anisometropia ≥1.5 D, 7.0% (95% CI: 3.4%-13.3%). Conclusions Siblings of children with accommodative esotropia have a high prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors. This study offers additional data and rationale for providing comprehensive eye exams for children with a family history of strabismus.
Brachypodium distachyon as a model system for studies of copper transport in cereal crops.

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient that performs a remarkable array of functions in plants including photosynthesis, cell wall remodeling, flowering, and seed set. Of the world's major cereal crops, wheat, barley, and oat are the most sensitive to Cu deficiency. Cu deficient soils include alkaline soils, which occupy approximately 30% of the world’s arable lands, and organic soils that occupy an estimated 19% of arable land in Europe. We used Brachypodium distachyon (brachypodium) as a proxy for wheat and other grain cereals to initiate analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying their increased susceptibility to Cu deficiency. In this report, we focus on members of the CTR/COPT family of Cu transporters because their homologs in A. thaliana are transcriptionally upregulated in Cu-limited conditions and are involved either in Cu uptake from soils into epidermal cells in the root, or long-distance transport and distribution of Cu in photosynthetic tissues. We found that of five COPT proteins in brachypodium, BdCOPT3 and BdCOPT4 localize to the plasma membrane and are transcriptionally upregulated in roots and leaves by Cu deficiency. We also found that BdCOPT3, BdCOPT4, and BdCOPT5 confer low affinity Cu transport, in contrast to their counterparts in A. thaliana that confer high affinity Cu transport. These data suggest that increased sensitivity to Cu deficiency in some grass species may arise from lower efficiency and, possibly, other properties of components of Cu uptake and tissue partitioning systems and reinforce the importance of using brachypodium as a model for the comprehensive analyses of Cu homeostasis in cereal crops.
Behavioral consequences of GABAergic neuronal diversity

The majority of cellular diversity in the hippocampus and neocortex derives from a relatively small population of local inhibitory interneurons. Recent technological advances have facilitated the recording and manipulation of defined inhibitory cell classes in awake rodents, revealing new and surprising roles for these cells in local circuit function and behavior. Here we review recent progress in the analysis of inhibitory interneuron subtypes in neocortex and hippocampus during behavior, and suggest opportunities and considerations for extending this research program.
Stability of iodine on ruthenium during copper electrodeposition and its effects on the nucleation behavior of electrodeposited copper

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry, current–time-transient measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study the nucleation behavior of electrochemically deposited Cu films on Ru substrates as a function of Ru pre-treatment. Pre-treatment consisted of cathodic polarization in either 1 M H 2 SO 4 or in 1 M H 2 SO 4 + 1 mM KI, followed by sample emersion and placement in a 1 M H 2 SO 4 + 50 mM CuSO 4 plating bath. XPS measurements confirmed the presence of adsorbed I on the Ru surface following pre-treatment in the KI/H 2 SO 4 solution. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) data for electrodes either as-received or pre-reduced in H 2 SO 4 and then immersed in the plating solution exhibited a broad peak in the overpotential region consistent with oxide reduction followed by Cu deposition. No underpotential deposition (UPD) feature was observed for these electrodes. In contrast, the sample pre-reduced in I-containing electrolyte exhibited a narrow Cu deposition peak in the overpotential region and a UPD Cu feature centered at 80 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Current–time-transient (CTT) measurements of Cu deposition on as-received electrodes or electrodes pre-reduced in I-free solution exhibited potential-independent kinetics that are not well described by either progressive or instantaneous nucleation models and which at long times indicate a combination of diffusion and kinetic control. In contrast, CTT measurements of deposition kinetics for samples reduced in I-containing electrolyte exhibited complex, potential-dependent behavior and that at long times indicates diffusion control. XPS results also indicated that the iodine adlayer on Ru reduced in I-containing electrolyte is stable upon polarization to at least −200 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. These data indicate that a protective I adlayer may be deposited on an air-exposed Ru electrode as the oxide surface is electrochemically reduced, and that this layer will inhibit reformation of an oxide during the Cu electroplating process. Therefore, electrochemical pre-treatment in I-containing electrolyte may be of practical utility under industrial conditions for Cu electroplating.
An Adjoint Based Implementation of the Parareal Algorithm

Abstract This paper presents a new ‘Parareal-algorithm’ to solve time-dependent ODEs parallel in time. The algorithm approximates the solutions later in time simultaneously with the solutions earlier in time. To approximate the solutions simultaneously, an optimization problem is constructed and solved using gradient based techniques. The accurate gradients are evaluated using adjoints. Promising results are obtained when the interval of interest is split into suffciently small subintervals.
Star–disc boundary layers in cataclysmic variables and T Tauri stars

La nature de l'interaction dans la couche limite entre un disque d'accretion et l'etoile centrale est etudiee. Des criteres simples sont etablis afin d'estimer la profondeur dans l'etoile pour laquelle l'interaction disque-etoile se developpe de maniere significative. Ces criteres sont appliques a une variete de systemes de disques d'accretion et les consequences observationnelles pour les variables cataclysmiques et les etoiles de type T Tauri sont discutees
The Lagrangian solution of transient problems in hydrodynamics using a triangular mesh

Abstract Numerical algorithms for a Lagrangian treatment of incompressible hydrodynamics with free surfaces are developed and applied. The method centers about the use of a triangular general-connectivity finite-difference mesh. The added flexibility arising from this triangular mesh permits accurate long-time solutions of complicated flows with shear and waves in free-surface problems. The techniques discussed here are applied to nonlinear free-surface waves and to unstable shear flow beneath a free surface in two dimensions.
RIG-I in RNA virus recognition

Antiviral immunity is initiated upon host recognition of viral products via non-self molecular patterns known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Such recognition initiates signaling cascades that induce intracellular innate immune defenses and an inflammatory response that facilitates development of the acquired immune response. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) protein family are key cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors that are implicated in the recognition of viruses across genera and virus families, including functioning as major sensors of RNA viruses, and promoting recognition of some DNA viruses. RIG-I, the charter member of the RLR family, is activated upon binding to PAMP RNA. Activated RIG-I signals by interacting with the adapter protein MAVS leading to a signaling cascade that activates the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB. These actions induce the expression of antiviral gene products and the production of type I and III interferons that lead to an antiviral state in the infected cell and surrounding tissue. RIG-I signaling is essential for the control of infection by many RNA viruses. Recently, RIG-I crosstalk with other pathogen recognition receptors and components of the inflammasome has been described. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of RIG-I in recognition of a variety of virus families and its role in programming the adaptive immune response through cross-talk with parallel arms of the innate immune system, including how RIG-I can be leveraged for antiviral therapy.
Consciousness: Don't Give Up on the Brain

In the extended mind literature, one sometimes finds the claim that there is no neural correlate of consciousness. Instead, there is a biological or ecological correlate of consciousness. Consciousness, it is claimed, supervenes on an entire organism in action. Alva Noe is one of the leading proponents of such a view. This paper resists Noe's view. First, it challenges the evidence he offers from neuroplasticity. Second, it presses a problem with paralysis. Third, it draws attention to a challenge from the existence of metamers and visual illusions.
Characterization of the binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864, a convulsant benzodiazepine, to guinea pig brain.

: The density of high affinity binding sites for [3H]4′-chlorodiazepam ([3H]Ro 5-4864) in guinea pig cerebral cortex is significantly higher (3.8-fold) than the density reported in the rat, and is nearly equal to the density of binding sites for other [3H]benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, flunitrazepam). The density of these [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding sites was generally higher in guinea pig brain than in rat brain, with the exception of olfactory bulb. Both the subcellular distribution and pharmacologic profile of these sites in guinea pig brain appears qualitatively similar to observations previously reported in the rat. The high density of binding sites for [3H]Ro 5-4864, coupled with the potency of this compound as a convulsant in the guinea pig, suggest this species will be a valuable model for elucidating putative pharmacologic and physiologic functions of these sites in brain.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Dry-Roasted Navy Bean Flour Fractions

Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were dry roasted in a particle-to-particle heat exchanger, dehulled by air aspiration, pin-milled and air-classified to yield whole, hull, high protein, and high starch flour fractions. Proximate analysis, color, ENDF, starch, nitrogen solubility indices, and oligosaccharide contents of these flour fractions were determined. Compositional differences were demonstrated among all flour fractions. Stachyose was the major oligosaccharide in all fractions and was highest in the protein fraction. Substituting 10% bean flours for wheat changed water absorption and dough stability for all fractions. Dry roasted navy bean flour fractions appeared to be suitable ingredients for use in appropriate food systems.
Growth of anchorage dependent mammalian cells on glycine-derivatized polystyrene in suspension culture.

Glycine-derivatized polystyrene beads were prepared and used as microcarriers to grow normal cells of human embryonic kidney, rhesus monkey kidney, and human foreskin fibroblasts in suspension cultures. Growth of the cells on polystyrene beads derivatized with other amino acids, peptides, and carboxylic acids also was investigated.
Simulation experiments for performance analysis of multiple-bus multiprocessor systems with nonexponential service times

A simulation model (program) is constructed for performance analysis of multiple-bus multiprocessor systems with shared memories. It is assumed that the service time of the common memory is either hypo- or hyperexponentially distributed. Processing efficiency is used as the performance index. To investigate the effects of different service time distributions on the system performance, comparative results are obtained for a large set of input parameters. The simulation results show that the error in approximating the memory access time by an exponentially distributed random variable is less than 6% if the coefficient of variation is less than 1, but it increases drastically with this factor if it is greater than 1.
Three-dimensional volume rendering of tibiofibular joint space and quantitative analysis of change in volume due to tibiofibular syndesmosis diastases

The diagnosis of ankle syndesmosis injuries is made by various imaging techniques. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the three-dimensional reconstruction of axial CT images and calculation of the volume of tibiofibular joint space enhances the sensitivity of diastases diagnoses or not. Six adult cadaveric ankle specimens were used for spiral CT-scan assessment of tibiofibular syndesmosis. After the specimens were dissected, external fixation was performed and diastases of 1, 2, and 3 mm was simulated by a precalibrated device. Helical CT scans were obtained with 1.0-mm slice thickness. The data was transferred to the computer software AcquariusNET. Then the contours of the tibiofibular syndesmosis joint space were outlined on each axial CT slice and the collection of these slices were stacked using the computer software AutoCAD 2005, according to the spatial arrangement and geometrical coordinates between each slice, to produce a three-dimensional reconstruction of the joint space. The area of each slice and the volume of the entire tibiofibular joint space were calculated. The tibiofibular joint space at the 10th-mm slice level was also measured on axial CT scan images at normal, 1, 2 and 3-mm joint space diastases. The three-dimensional volume-rendering of the tibiofibular syndesmosis joint space from the spiral CT data demonstrated the shape of the joint space and has been found to be a sensitive method for calculating joint space volume. We found that, from normal to 1 mm, a 1-mm diastasis increases approximately 43% of the joint space volume, while from 1 to 3 mm, there is about a 20% increase for each 1-mm increase. Volume calculation using this method can be performed in cases of syndesmotic instability after ankle injuries and for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the integrity of the tibiofibular syndesmosis.
Direct Impulse Measurements of Ablation Processes from Laser-Surface Interactions

Abstract : A torsional impulse balance has been developed as a new diagnostic tool to study fundamental processes in laser-surface interactions. Of particular interest are the forces due to processes of laser ablation. With respect to the transfer of momentum, direct measurements of the transient forces can lead to a better understanding and characterization of the efficiency of the impulse that is possible under different configurations. The impulse balance has been designed and tested with a robust calibration system to measure impulsive forces with resolution as low as several nano-Newton-seconds. Initial results of impulses due to ablation from an Nd:YAG laser (532nm) on various metals and other materials are presented.
Double Stern-Gerlach Experiment and Related Collision Phenomena

The theory of the double Stern-Gerlach experiment is developed where the rate of rotation has a maximum at $t=0$ and goes gradually to zero at $t=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\infty}$. The negative results of the experiments of Phipps and Stern are completely accounted for. The same analysis is applied to those collision phenomena where only two quantum states need be considered, and where their difference of energy, $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$, is so much smaller than the relative kinetic energy of the two systems that the positions of the centers of gravity of the two systems may be regarded as time parameters. If $f(t)=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{h}$ times the matrix element of the perturbation, and if $A=\ensuremath{\int}{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\infty}}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}f(t)\mathrm{dt}$, then the transition probability is ${\left|\frac{sinA}{A}\ensuremath{\int}{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\infty}}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}f(t){e}^{2\ensuremath{\pi}i(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{h})t}\mathrm{dt}\right|}^{2}$ for the cases investigated, and this probably holds for all experimental cases.
Histamine dihydrochloride and interleukin-2 in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

Despite successful chemotherapeutic remission induction, most patients with acute myeloid leukemia still are destined to die from recurrent and refractory disease. Strategies to prolong remission and improve survival include high-dose chemotherapy, autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and other immunotherapeutic approaches. The focus on interleukin-2 (IL-2) has arisen from in vitro demonstration of enhancement of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and natural killer-cell activity after cytokine activation. The local secretion of inhibitory substances and oxidative stress by monocyte/macrophage populations may inhibit the cytotoxic capacity of these effector cells. Recently, agents capable of modulating cytotoxic effector function have been identified, including histamine dihydrochloride, which has been shown to act as an inhibitor of cellular-mediated free-radical production. In the presence of histamine, cytotoxic effector function may be restored. The addition of histamine to IL-2-based cytokine therapies has resulted in enhanced in vitro cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer-cell function and has allowed for the development of lower, and thus, less toxic, IL-2 regimens. Preliminary studies of this combination in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in remission suggest improved survival with tolerable toxicity. The strategy for implementation of IL-2-based immunotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia is reviewed.
LES and RANS Simulation of the Turbulent Mixing of High-Density-Ratio Axisymmetric Jets

The turbulent mixing of axisymmetric jet flows is investigated using large-eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The flowfield of interest consists of a round jet and a surrounding, coaxial annular jet ejected into a quiescent free stream. This flow situation arises, for example, in the flow of hydrogen and oxygen in rocket combustion systems. In such cases, the jets have significantly different densities, which has been found experimentally to strongly influence the downstream turbulent mixing dynamics. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the capacity of the LES and RANS methodologies to accurately predict jet mixing without the complicating effects of combustion. Simulations were performed for test cases matching an experimental study that has been documented in the open literature. Both air-air and hydrogen-air jet combinations were investigated, yielding density ratios ranging from 1.46 to 0.08. The LES and RANS results were compared to one another and to experimental measurements in terms of centerline decay and radial distribution of mean velocity and concentration. The results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the two computational approaches for this class of problems.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Complete Biological Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Ethylenes in Sulfate Containing Groundwater

The ability of dehalogenating bacteria to compete with sulfate reducing bacteria forelectron donor was studied in microcosms that simulated groundwater contaminatedwith both chlorinated ethylenes and fuel hydrocarbon compounds. Results demonstratethat reductive dehalogenation of perchloroethylene to ethylene can proceed in thepresence of >100 mg l-1 sulfate. The hydrogen concentration, which was2.5 nM in the presence of approximately 150 mg l-1 sulfate and in the absence of chlorinated compounds, decreased to 0.7 nM during the dechlorination oftrichloroethylene and increased to 1.6 nM during the dechlorination ofcis-dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. With only sediment associated donor(``historical'' donor) present, dechlorination of trichloroethylene proceededslowly to ethylene (on a time scale of several years). Addition of toluene, amodel hydrocarbon compound, stimulated dechlorination indirectly. Toluenedegradation was rapid and linked to sulfate utilization, and presumably formedfermentable substrates that served as hydrogen donors. Dehalogenation wasinhibited in soil free microcosms containing 5 mM sulfide, but inhibition wasnot observed when either aquifer sediment or 5 mM ferrous chloride was added.
Parametric counterfeit IC detection via Support Vector Machines

We present a method to detect a common type of counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs), namely used ones, from their brand new counterparts using Support Vector Machines (SVMs). In particular, we demonstrate that we can train a one-class SVM classifier using only a distribution of process variation-affected brand new devices, but without prior information regarding the impact of transistor aging on the IC behavior, to accurately distinguish between these two classes based on simple parametric measurements. We demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method using a set of actual fabricated devices which have been subjected to burn-in test, in order to mimic the impact of aging degradation over time, and we discuss the limitations and the potential extensions of this approach.
The stimulation by estrogens of a DPN-linked isocitric dehydrogenase from human placenta†

1 The metabolism of citrate to α-ketoglutarate by homogenates or soluble enzyme systems of human placenta, but not of liver or kidney, is stimulated by estradiol-17β, estrone, equilin, and equilenin. It is stimulated to a much lesser extent by estriol, progesterone, diethyl stilbestrol, testosterone, 19-nortestosterone, 17-α ethinyl-estradiol, and estradiol-17α. 2 Evidence is presented that estradiol stimulates a DPN requiring isocitric dehydrogenase found in the non-particulate fraction of placenta. Fluorocitrate and trans-aconitate, which inhibit aconitase, do not eliminate the estradiol induced acceleration of α-ketoglutarate production from cis-aconitate or isocitrate. 3 The DPN-linked isocitric dehydrogenase is inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenyl-sulfonic acid and presumably has a sulfhydryl group on or near its active surface. 4 Reduced DPN cannot replace oxidized DPN in this system; this indicates that DPN functions as a specific hydrogen acceptor. 5 The reaction can be followed spectrophotometrically by measuring at 340 mμ, the absorption of the reduced DPN produced. In this way the pH optimum of the system was shown to be 7.3, the stimulatory effects of Mg++, Mn++, and Co++ were revealed, and evidence for coupling systems in the non-particulate fraction was obtained. 6 Present evidence indicates that estradiol stimulates the isocitric dehydrogenase in both the forward and reverse directions.
Sensitivity of a Simulated Midlatitude Squall Line to Parameterization of Raindrop Breakup

AbstractThis paper describes idealized simulations of a squall line observed on 20 June 2007, in central Oklahoma. Results are compared with measurements from dual-polarization radar and surface disdrometer. The baseline model configuration qualitatively reproduces key storm features, but underpredicts precipitation rates and generally overpredicts median volume raindrop diameter. The sensitivity of model simulations to parameterization of raindrop breakup is tested under different low-level (0–2.5 km) environmental vertical wind shears. Storm characteristics exhibit considerable sensitivity to the parameterization of breakup, especially for moderate (0.0048 s−1) shear. Simulations with more efficient breakup tend to have higher domain-mean precipitation rates under both moderate and higher (0.0064 s−1) shear, despite the smaller mean drop size and hence lower mass-weighted fall speed and higher evaporation rate for a given rainwater content. In these runs, higher evaporation leads to stronger cold pools,...