cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of sodium- and calcium-regulatory hormone interventions on adipocytokines in obesity and diabetes.

Abstract Objective The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone have all been implicated as regulators of adipocytokines and inflammation. We evaluated human interventional study protocols to investigate whether controlled modulations of these calcium- and sodium-regulatory hormones could influence adipocytokines and inflammation in obesity and diabetes. Methods Post-hoc analyses of two separate human protocols (Protocol 1, n = 14; Protocol 2, n = 24) conducted in a clinical research setting after rigorous control of diet, posture, medications, and diurnal rhythm, were performed. Protocol 1 evaluated obese hypertensives with vitamin D deficiency who received an infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) before and after 1 month of vitamin D 3 therapy. Protocol 2 evaluated obese subjects with type 2 diabetes who also received AngII. Adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured before and after vitamin D 3 therapy, and also before and after infusions of AngII. Results Vitamin D 3 therapy significantly raised 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations, and lowered parathyroid hormone, but had no effect on concentrations of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, IL-6, PAI-1, urinary TGFβ1, or HOMA-IR. AngII infusions, despite significant elevations in blood pressure and serum aldosterone, did not influence adipocytokine concentrations in either protocol. Conclusion In contrast to prior studies conducted in healthy populations, or those that could not control major regulators of the RAAS or adipocytokines, we observed that robust modulations in calcium- and sodium-regulatory hormones did not influence adipocytokines or inflammation in obesity or diabetes. Adipose-tissue physiology in these conditions may alter the hormonal regulation of inflammatory parameters.
AN ENIGMATIC (SYNAPSID?) TOOTH FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS OF NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

Largely fragmentary fossils from sites in New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland, Australia document terrestrial and marine vertebrate faunas of Aptian–Albian age. The natural cast of a large tooth from the Griman Creek Formation, Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, records the presence of a hitherto unknown member of the fauna. Although reference to one of the groups of crocodyliforms that evolved complex, mammal-like postcanine teeth cannot be excluded, the fossil more likely represents a species of synapsid. In some respects it is similar to lower postcanines of traversodontids. Greater morphological similarities to upper molars of dryolestids make reference of this tooth to this group more likely. Current Mesozoic Laurasian and Gondwanan fossil records include mammals with cheek teeth of similar large size.
Online And Paper Course Evaluations

The purpose of this study is to compare the results of paper and online evaluations. The following analysis examines data from six departments of the School of Business Administration during a programmed switch from paper to online evaluations. The courses that participated in this study were divided and compared in the following manner: advanced and core classes, large and small sections, and courses taught by full-time and part-time faculty. The data was collected over a one-year period and contrasts the Spring 2008 and 2009 semesters, during which a total of 4,424 evaluations were reviewed. In addition, data on the years from 2005 to 2008 are provided as a comparison benchmark of typical responses collected when paper evaluations were used. The conclusions of this study show that while a drop in response rate did occur when the switch was made, no significant change in instructor and course ratings was observed. Furthermore, the students who did complete online evaluations provided lengthier and more numerous comments.
Attracting Views and Going Viral: How Message Features and News-Sharing Channels Affect Health News Diffusion

This study examined how intrinsic as well as perceived message features affect the extent to which online health news stories prompt audience selections and social retransmissions, and how news-sharing channels (e-mail vs. social media) shape what goes viral. The study analyzed actual behavioral data on audience viewing and sharing of New York Times health news articles, and associated article content and context data. News articles with high informational utility and positive sentiment invited more frequent selections and retransmissions. Articles were also more frequently selected when they presented controversial, emotionally evocative, and familiar content. Informational utility and novelty had stronger positive associations with e-mail-specific virality, while emotional evocativeness, content familiarity, and exemplification played a larger role in triggering social media-based retransmissions.
Spatial analysis of Listronotus maculicollis immature stages demonstrates strong associations with conspecifics and turfgrass damage but not with optimal hosts on golf course fairways

For insects that develop on few hosts and/or have immobile immature stages, optimal oviposition theory suggests that females should seek high-quality hosts that maximize larval development and reduce competition from conspecifics. However, there is a growing amount of evidence that suggests female choice may often be at odds with their offspring's development. Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a serious pest of golf course turfgrass in eastern North America. The weevil develops on few hosts and demonstrates improved fitness traits when developing on Poa annua L. (Poaceae). However, previous population studies observed either weak or no correlations between the spatial dispersion of larval populations and P. annua in the field. In this study, populations on three golf course fairways were monitored over a 4-year period (2009–2012) to determine whether the lack of spatial associations between preferred hosts and immatures was a result of spatial scale or the density and distribution of conspecifics. Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE) was used to characterize the spatial dispersion of populations of individual stages (larvae and pupae), P. annua, and turfgrass damage. Life stages were aggregated in each observation, independent of population density or the spatial dispersion of hosts. The distribution of consecutive and non-consecutive immature stages was found to be correlated in all years, suggesting that females do not avoid patches already occupied by conspecific eggs. Surprisingly, significant spatial associations were not found between larvae and P. annua when the host plant was relatively abundant. Hence, multiple mechanisms may drive L. maculicollis oviposition site-selection behavior, and a flexible strategy may allow the weevil to persist in areas where P. annua is not the dominant species. Future studies are required to determine what other factors (e.g., natural enemy-free space, egg or time limitations) influence oviposition behavior.
Altered triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) production was studied in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes progression. TRL production was measured in vivo by bloc...
Implementing Power Buffer Functionality in a Dc-Dc Converter by Geometric Control

Modern power electronics are capable of regulating loads with bandwidths so high that they essentially enforce constant power on millisecond time scales. These types of loads continue to grow in influence on electrical distribution systems. Most such loads, including motor drives, computer power supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting, serve to "isolate" the load dynamics from the utility grid. The unfortunate effect is that these loads exhibit negative impedance characteristics which tend to destabilize the supply system during a system transient, potentially contributing to voltage collapse. Active front-end control of such loads to implement a power buffer function has been shown to mitigate collapse but has relied on complicated hybrid control techniques. This paper introduces a geometric control surface based on a change of converter variables that simply and effectively implements a power buffer function. The formulation and implementation of the optimal surface is presented, in addition to experimental validation of the new power buffer control law.
Is indirect calorimetry a necessity or a luxury in the pediatric intensive care unit

Background: Critically ill children differ in their energy needs from healthy children in terms of underlying metabolic derangement, comorbidities, energy reserve, and response to illness. This study determined how many pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients were candidates for indirect calorimetry (IC), per American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) recommendations. Methods: Admission diagnosis, demographics, type/amount of nutrition support, length of intensive care unit/hospital stay were collected. Patients were classified as candidates for IC per A.S.P.E.N. guidelines. Results: Mean (SD) age of patients (n = 150) was 6.7 (5.6) years, with PICU length of stay of 3.9 (5.3) days. IC was indicated in 72.0% (108/150) of patients during PICU days 1–7. Patients with miscellaneous (50%), neurological (73%), respiratory (81%), sepsis (83%), and oncology (100%) diagnoses were candidates for IC. Underweight/overweight/obese (32.4%), hypermetabolism (26.4%), and not meeting nutriti...
Injuries and illnesses in the national basketball association: a 10-year perspective.

Abstract Objective: To present an overview of the medical conditions experienced by athletes competing in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from the 1988-1989 through the 1997-1998 seasons. Design and Setting: Athletic trainers completed profiles that provided demographic information for each player. Injury reports indicated when and where the injury occurred, pathology, onset, activity, and the mechanism of injury. The amount of time lost, injured list status, hospitalization, and surgery were also reported. Reportable injuries were those that resulted in (1) physician referral, (2) a practice or game being missed, or (3) emergency care being rendered. Subjects: A total of 1094 players appeared in the database 3843 times (mean, 3.3 ± 2.6 seasons). Mean player demographics were age 26.7 (± 3.7) years, NBA playing experience 4.1 (± 3.7) years, height 200.8 (± 9.9) cm, and weight 100.2 (± 13.5) kg. Players averaged 52 (± 34.7) games and 1263.1 (± 1073.8) minutes played. Measurements: The frequency of injury, time lost, and game exposures were tabulated, and game-related injury rates were then calculated. Results: Ankle sprains were the most frequently occurring orthopaedic injury (942, 9.4%), followed by patellofemoral inflammation (803, 8.1%), lumbar strains (491, 5.0%), and knee sprains (258, 2.3%). The greatest number of days missed were related to patellofemoral inflammation (7569, 11.5%), knee sprains (5712, 8.6%), ankle sprains (5122, 7.7%), and lumbar strains (3365, 5.1%). Conclusions: Professional athletes in the NBA experience a rate of game-related injuries that is twice as high as their collegiate counterparts. Patellofemoral inflammation is a significant problem among NBA players.
Cloning and functional characterization of a high-affinity Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter from mouse brain.

Neurons contain a high-affinity Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter for absorption of neurotransmitter precursor substrates, such as α-ketoglutarate and malate, which are subsequently metabolized to re...
Valpromide Inhibits Lytic Cycle Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus

ABSTRACT Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from latency into the lytic phase of its life cycle allows the virus to spread among cells and between hosts. Valproic acid (VPA) inhibits initiation of the lytic cycle in EBV-infected B lymphoma cells. While VPA blocks viral lytic gene expression, it induces expression of many cellular genes, because it is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Here we show, using derivatives of VPA, that blockade of EBV reactivation is separable from HDAC inhibition. Valpromide (VPM), an amide derivative of valproic acid that is not an HDAC inhibitor, prevented expression of two EBV genes, BZLF1 and BRLF1, that mediate lytic reactivation. VPM also inhibited expression of a viral late gene, but not early genes, when BZLF1 was exogenously expressed. Unlike VPA, VPM did not activate lytic expression of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Expression of cellular immediate-early genes, such as FOS and EGR1, is kinetically upstream of the EBV lytic cycle. VPM did not activate expression of these cellular immediate-early genes but decreased their level of expression when induced by butyrate, an HDAC inhibitor. VPM did not alter expression of several other cellular immediate-early genes, including STAT3, which were induced by the HDAC inhibitors in cells refractory to lytic induction. Therefore, VPM selectively inhibits both viral and cellular gene expression. VPA and VPM represent a new class of antiviral agents. The mechanism by which VPA and VPM block EBV reactivation may be related to their anticonvulsant activity. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus, (EBV), a human tumor virus, establishes a life-long latent infection. Reactivation of EBV into the lytic phase of its life cycle allows the virus to spread. Previously, we showed that EBV reactivation was blocked by valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of cellular histone deacetylases (HDACs). VPA alters the expression of thousands of cellular genes. In this study, we demonstrate that valpromide (VPM), an amide derivative of valproic acid that is not an HDAC inhibitor, prevented initiation of the EBV lytic cycle. VPA induced lytic reactivation of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but VPM did not. Unlike VPA, VPM did not activate cellular immediate-early gene expression. VPM is a new type of antiviral agent. VPM will be useful in probing the mechanism of EBV lytic reactivation and may have therapeutic application.
New Nearctic records and taxonomic changes in the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera)

The genera Coccopsis, Colomyia , and Feltomyina are reported for the 1st time in North America and Iteomyia and Semudobia are each newly employed for Nearctic species. Ledomyia (sensu lato) (= Neuromyia and Phaenolauthia , new synonyms) is discussed in relation to the Palearctic fauna, and its 16 Nearctic species, all new combinations, are listed. Camptoneuromyia and Trotteria are transferred from the Lasiopterini to the Oligotrophini. Brachineura, Epimyia , and Rhizomyia are considered unplaced genera of Cecidomyiinae.
Design and Control of a Modified Vinyl Acetate Monomer Process

The vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) process presents several challenging design problems because of the many design optimization variables and several important constraints. The process features a cooled tubular reactor, both gas and liquid recycle streams, two absorbers, and two distillation columns, one involving heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. The major design variables are reactor temperature, reactor size, reactor pressure, ethylene gas recycle and acetic acid liquid recycle. The major constraints are a maximum oxygen flammability limit, a maximum internal reactor temperature limit, and the need to stay above dewpoint temperatures in the reactor. This paper develops an economic optimum flowsheet based on the conditions and parameters provided by M. L. Luyben and B. D. Tyreus over a decade ago as a challenge problem for the academic community for design and control studies (Comput. Chem. Eng. 1998, 22, 867–877). The conceptual design developed produces 18% more VAM product for the same oxygen fresh...
Current and presettlement tree species composition of some upland forests in northern Mississippi1

compared present-day tree species composition of the two old-growth forests and the two younger forests with the composition of bearing trees (i.e., trees identified by land surveyors in the 1830s) in upland and lowland areas within townships encompassing the four sites. Bearing tree samples were similar in composition to an explorer's account of old-growth woodlands that dominated the region during sparse subsistence settlement by Chickasaw Indians. There were striking differences between present-day and bearing-tree samples. One of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) was more similar in species composition to the mid-successional secondgrowth forests than to bearing-tree samples. The shade-intolerant, but fire-tolerant, Quercus marilandica Muenchh. was nearly absent from present-day upland forests (< 1% of all stems 2 10 cm dbh; range 0-3%) but was the most common species among presettlement upland trees (42% of all bearing trees in the township containing the field sites). Liquidambar styraciflua L., often regarded as both a pioneer species and a common constituent of alluvial floodplain and mesophytic terrace forests, was the single most abundant tree species in the understory and midcanopy of one of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) and in all size classes of trees of both younger forests. It was completely absent from presettlement records of upland trees, but was an abundant bearing tree in nearby sections containing lowland alluvial forests. I hypothesize that open oak woodlands dominated the upland landscape of Lafayette County, Mississippi before extensive settlement. These woodlands were neither mid-successional nor late-successional forests but were a unique fire-dependent community type that is absent from north Mississippi today.
Utilizing a Multidisciplinary Design Team for Energy Efficient Renovations of Existing Buildings

The Architectural Engineering Department at the University of Wyoming (UW) is continually exploring new teaching methods related to building sciences and interdisciplinary design (integrated design). A recent shift to a modeling based project format in both the design and analysis courses has been a disruptive and somewhat radical mission. Parallel with this shift towards model-based learning is an effort to focus more on existing building renovation and reuse. These changes aim to connect building prediction with building performance evaluation for a comprehensive and sustainable building design education. The intent of this paper is to summarize the progress of our recent efforts to develop integrated design projects, leading up to the creation of a multidisciplinary design studio with a focus on building performance and existing building renovation. Our early conclusion is that the educator’s toolkit is expanded and improved by the incorporation of both predictive (forward) modeling and existing building analysis, particularly when both are incorporated into a building renovation studio project with a multidisciplinary design team.
Investigation and analysis of injury among primary and secondary school students in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2012

[Objective]To learn the situation and main reasons of injury among primary and secondary school students in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2012,explore the influencing factors of injury,and provide the evidence for developing the intervention strategies.[Methods]The questionnaire survey was conducted in students from two primary schools,two junior high schools and two senior high schools in Fengtai District.[Results]A total of 1 030 primary and secondary school students were investigated,and the average incidence rate of injury was 15. 15%. The incidence rate of injury in boys was higher than that in girls. The incidence rate of injury increased with age. The top five reasons leading to injury were fall / drop,hit / knocking,sharp wounds,animal bites and burn. The injury occurred mainly at schools and home. The results from univariate analysis showed that the injuries were associated with gender,age,frequently bicycle riding,running the red light,riding the skateboard on the road,fight,mother is temporary or laid-off workers,as well as father has the education level of university or higher. The results from multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors included learning phase( OR = 1. 490),fight( OR = 1. 982),mother is temporary or laid-off workers( OR =9. 956),and mother is jobless( OR = 6. 249). Meanwhile,the protective factors were father is technical personnel( OR =0. 319),including doctors,lawyers,engineers and teachers,as well as mother has the education level of primary school and below( OR = 0. 199). [Conclusion]Injuries in school students are caused by a variety of factors. Schools and family should strengthen the safety education and prevention strategies among students,to effectively reduce the incidence rate of accidental injury in children.
The Role of the Critical Care Nurse in Counseling Families About Advance Directives

This article describes the differences and similarities between living wills and health care proxy designations, the two principle sorts of advance directives. It explores some of the difficulties associated with relying on the language of an advance directive as an expression of a patient’s intent. It also argues that the critical care nurse should not try to advise family members about how to interpret the content of an advance director or about its legal import, but that the nurse has a distinctive and important role to play in helping families think about these documents.
Developing a Theory of Clinical Instructor Identity Using the Experiences of Medical Laboratory Science Practitioners

This study investigated medical laboratory science clinical instructors' beliefs about teaching and how they viewed themselves as teachers. The first phase of the study included an integrative literature review, which suggested that the development of teacher identity in school-based educators, and to a lesser extent higher education faculty, is dependent on four dimensions: personal factors, training factors, contextual factors, and reflective practice. The second phase of this study began qualitative inquiry into the ways that these participants described their teaching and professional identity. Interviews were conducted with medical laboratory science clinical instructors in order to gain an understanding of their perceptions of themselves as teachers. The data collected in this study indicate that this group of clinical instructors saw themselves as teachers who were responsible for providing students with technical skills needed to become competent practitioners and the theoretical foundation necessary to pass the national certification exam. The study participants also saw themselves as mentors who were responsible for passing along professional knowledge to the next generation of laboratory practitioners. During data analysis three themes emerged that represent aspects of teacher identity in clinical instructors: belief in one's teaching ability, desire to expand one's professional responsibilities, and reflection on one's teaching. The findings from this study may provide a foundation for future research designed to measure teacher identity in clinical instructors.
Nonintrusive Uncertainty Quantification of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of a Bench-Scale Fluidized-Bed Gasifier

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis is increasingly becoming one of the major requirements of simulation-based engineering to assess the confidence in the results and make better-informed decisions based on the insight derived from the simulations. In an earlier study, Bayesian UQ analysis was applied to existing bench-scale fluidized-bed gasifier experiment results. In the current study, a series of simulations were carried over with the open-source computational fluid dynamics software MFiX to reproduce the experimental conditions, where three operating factors, i.e., coal flow rate, coal particle diameter, and steam-to-oxygen ratio, were systematically varied to understand their effect on the syngas composition. Bayesian UQ analysis was this time performed on the numerical results for comparison purposes. This is part of ongoing research efforts to explore the applicability of advanced UQ methods and processes such as Bayesian methods for large-scale complex multiphase flow simulations. As part of...
Phase synchronization techniques in multiphase hysteretic controlled switching power converters

Hysteretic control is well known for fast transient response and superior stability, but usually exhibits a variable switching converter. Hence, when it is applied to a multiple phase switching converter, phase synchronization can be challenging, especially at high switching frequency. This paper reviews various phase synchronization approaches. A delay-locked loop (DLL) with adaptive duty cycle modulation in each phase is detailed for both the accurate synchronization and the balanced current sharing.
The Good the Bad and the Trending: Microblogging Sentiment and Short Term Momentum

Over the past ten years microblogging services such as StockTwits and Twitter have become a popular way for users to express thoughts, opinions, and reactions in real time. A subset of users has begun using these sites exclusively to discuss financial and economic news. This study explores the mechanism that connects the content of these posts to stock returns and theories of momentum. Using a robust sentiment extraction methodology I find that there is a statistically significant relationship between lagged values of sentiment and future returns in a pattern which mimics that predicted by the two trader theory of momentum of Hong and Stein (1999). Additionally, portfolios formed using observable changes in sentiment predict 40% of the variation in the daily momentum factor. Further, other evidence from out of sample testing yields that information flows between investors may be leading to this high level of predictability further confirming that momentum occurs due to the presence of these two investor types.
Against Color Objectivism

In this thesis I discuss objectivist, subjectivist, and relativist ontological accounts of phenomenal experience. My focus is on color vision as a case study because perception of color can reveal challenges about these positions easier. Color objectivism is the ontological view that colors are mind-independent and intrinsic properties instantiated in the physical objects. Despite intuitiveness and popularity, color objectivism faces serious objections considering what science can reveal about the nature of color. I argue how one can deny that colors are fully mind independent properties instantiated in the physical objects and simultaneously provide an explanation that accounts for human perception. I argue that objectivism fails because it assumes that the visual system explicitly recovers the stimulus features, e.g. color, as properties of the physical world, while this assumption cannot account for human psychophysical data. I briefly explain that given the inability of the visual system to access the properties of the physical world, an adequate empirical theory of vision can provide a causal relationship between the physical world and the phenomenal world by linking the biologically determined stimuli in the physical world to useful perceptual responses in the subjective world without any need for recovering properties of the physical world. This paradigm suggests a mind dependent phenomenal world, which although causally is related to the physical world but cannot be reduced to the properties of the physical world. However, this conclusion gives rise to a dilemma of whether accepting a fully subjectivist account of color or a relativist account about ontological status of colors which I try to address in the end.
Fault Detection and Data Reconciliation

The performance of an AP system depends on successful operation of its components. Faults in sensors other hardware and software affect the performance and may force the system to manual operation. Many AP systems use model predictive controllers that rely on models to predict BGC and to calculate the optimal insulin infusion rate. Their performance depends on the accuracy of the models and data used for predictions. Sensor errors and missing signals will cause calculation of erroneous insulin infusion rates. Techniques for fault detection and diagnosis and reconciliation of erroneous data with reliable estimates are presented. Since the models used in the controller may become less accurate with changes in the operating conditions, controller performance assessment is also conducted to evaluate the performance and determine if it can be improved by adjusting the model, parameters or constraints of the controller.
Tomographic and multimodal scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with peak force tapping mode.

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) enables nanoscale spectroscopic imaging and has been instrumental for many nano-photonic discoveries and in situ studies. However, conventional s-SNOM techniques with atomic force microscopy tapping mode operation and lock-in detections do not provide direct tomographic information with explicit tip−sample distance. Here, we present a non-traditional s-SNOM technique, named peak force scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (PF-SNOM), by combination of peak force tapping mode and time-gated light detection. PF-SNOM enables direct sectioning of vertical near-field signals from a sample surface for both three-dimensional near-field imaging and spectroscopic analysis. Tip-induced relaxation of surface phonon polaritons are revealed and modeled by considering tip damping. PF-SNOM also delivers a spatial resolution of 5 nm and can simultaneously measure mechanical and electrical properties together with optical near-field signals. PF-SNOM is expected to facilitate three-dimensional nanoscale near-field characterizations and correlative in situ investigations on light-induced mechanical and electrical effects. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) offers nanometer-scale spatial resolution, but generally does not retain tomographic information. Here, Wang et al. develop peak-force SNOM to section scattered fields and improve imaging resolution.
Antifouling Polymers: Room-Temperature-Curing Organotin Polymers

We have reported extensively on antifouling formulations in which tributyltin carboxylate groups are chemically anchored to the polymer chain.1–3 In these controlled-release formulations, the prepolymers were prepared by partial esterification by bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO) of linear polymers carrying carboxylic acid or anhydride groups. The free carboxylic acid or anhydride groups were than reacted with diepoxides to form thermoset organotin-epoxy polymers. Many variations of this scheme were investigated, including one which provided for simultaneous vinyl polymerization and carboxyl-epoxide reactions. Curing was accomplished at high temperatures (about 150°C) in all these reactions.
Healthcare Safety Net in the US

Many Americans living in poverty cannot afford health insurance. This lack of insurance is the major obstacle to accessing medical care. Poverty is also associated with other factors that complicate the delivery of care, such as race, language, and ethnicity differences between the provider and the patient, or a rural setting. As poor patients often wait to seek care, they are often sicker, presenting providers with greater challenges. Safety net providers, such as hospitals and community health clinics, provide care for the uninsured. Often motivated by strong not-for-profit service missions, these providers have difficulty caring for uninsured or underinsured patients and remaining financially viable. Although the Affordable Care Act may reduce the number of uninsured, there is likely still a role for safety net providers because they are most familiar with patients living in poverty.
Development of the DSM-IV: Validity and Relevance for School Psychologists.

Previous editions of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) have had questionable relevance for school psycholo- gists. DSM-IV has a sounder empirical basis: within the limits of data and resources, changes were based on extensive literature reviews, reanalyses of existing data sets, and empirical field trials. New theoretical developments allow the criteria to be viewed within a psychological test, rather than medical, model, and provide new di- rections for validation, familiar to school psychologists as the many sources of inter- nal and external validity for a construct. These advances are best exemplified in the criteria for attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders, which showed im- proved psychometric properties over those in DSM-III-R after rigorous data modeling in a national field trial. These enhancements, along with socially driven trends to ad- dress the needs of students with ADHD and other disorders, make DSM-IV more rele- vant to psychologists facing an expanded assessment role.
Virulence determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Microbial pathogenicity has been defined as “the biochemical mechanisms whereby microorganisms cause disease” (Smith 1968); however, the actual process is much more dramatic. The interaction between host and pathogen during disease is a dynamic confrontation where the microbe’s strategies for survival meet face to face with the formidable defenses of the immune system. The tactics employed by both participants provide fascinating topics for researchers of many disciplines. Advances, fueled largely by the application of molecular biology, have been made in the biochemistry, immunology, and cell biology of the host-parasite interaction. Among the many new insights is the recognition that bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated signal transduction systems controlling the coordinate expression of virulence determinants.
Survey of Chordate Metamorphosis

The survival of any species depends on its producing enough viable offspring so that on the average a single reproductive adult is replaced by another during its lifetime. In this regard, the phylum Chordata has utilized two approaches. The first and probably more primitive approach is the production of large numbers of unprotected eggs. This reproductive strategy is used by some species in all chordate classes excluding birds and mammals.
A Bank Teller with No Figure/Ground Phenomena in Perception

Fran Iverson (not her real name) was a 44-year-old divorced mother of a 16-year-old daughter who was living with her. She had been hospitalized three months earlier following a suicide attempt, and prior to that had been hospitalized several times, the first time being a year and a half before sampling began. Between hospitalizations she had been receiving outpatient psychotherapy regularly, which had stabilized her situation and provided effective crisis intervention. During some of her hospitalizations she had been diagnosed as depressed, but mental health professionals working with her also had other diagnostic impressions such as borderline disorder. In short, Fran had a relatively long-term disorder which was difficult to classify. The diagnosis which seemed most apt to me (and to her current psychotherapist) was Borderline Personality.1
Review of European registries for psoriasis.

Background: Patient registries are databases that contain clinical data for patients with a specific disease or medical condition.Objective: The purpose was to identify psoriasis registries in Euro...
Prospective evaluation of the molecular effects of metformin on the endometrium in women with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer: A window of opportunity study.

5510 Background: Metformin reduces cancer incidence and improves overall survival in diabetic patients. Preclinical studies have shown that metformin decreases endometrial cancer (EC) cell growth b...
Identification of Areas of Epiphyseal Cartilage Necrosis at Predilection Sites of Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans in Pediatric Cadavers.

Background The pathogenesis of human juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) remains poorly understood, with multiple factors implicated, including ischemia, repetitive trauma, and genetic predisposition. Similarities in the predilection site and the diagnostic and clinical features of JOCD to the well-characterized veterinary counterpart, osteochondrosis dissecans, suggest that, similar to the animal disease, the pathogenesis JOCD may also be initiated in the first few years of life, when disruption of blood supply to the epiphyseal growth cartilage leads to failure of endochondral ossification. To gather data in support of the hypothesis that JOCD and osteochondrosis dissecans have a shared pathogenesis, biopsy specimens obtained from predilection sites of JOCD in juvenile human cadavers were histologically examined to determine whether they contained lesions similar to those found in animals diagnosed with subclinical osteochondrosis dissecans. Methods In this descriptive laboratory study, 59 biopsy specimens (6 mm in diameter) were harvested from the central aspect (i.e., the notch side) of the femoral condyles of 26 human cadavers (1 month to 11 years old). Specimens were histologically evaluated for the presence of areas of cartilage necrosis and the morphology of cartilage canal blood vessels. Results Locally extensive areas of necrotic epiphyseal cartilage were identified in 4 specimens obtained from 3 donors (ages 2 to 4 years). Areas of cartilage necrosis accompanied by focal failure of endochondral ossification or surrounded by subchondral bone were identified in biopsy specimens from 4 donors (ages 4 to 9 years). Conclusions The identification of epiphyseal cartilage necrosis identical to that described in animals with subclinical osteochondrosis, found in biopsy specimens obtained from femoral predilection sites of JOCD in pediatric cadavers, suggests a shared pathogenesis of JOCD in humans and osteochondrosis dissecans in animals. Clinical relevance These findings imply that the pathogenesis of human JOCD likely starts 5 to 10 years prior to the development of clinical symptoms. Enhanced understanding of the temporal features of JOCD pathogenesis provides an opportunity for earlier diagnosis and treatment, likely resulting in improved outcomes for this condition in the future.
Your Brain on Art: A New Paradigm to Study Artistic Creativity Based on the ‘Exquisite Corpse’ Using Mobile Brain-Body Imaging

We propose a novel experimental paradigm to investigate the human creative process in artistic expression using mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) technology, which allows the study of brain dynamics in freely behaving individuals performing in natural settings that promote authentic artistic experiences. Our proposed multimodal experimental protocol is based on the ‘Exquisite Corpse’—a collaborative, chance-based game created by the Surrealists in the 1920s. In this protocol, three artists collaborate to create the start, middle, and end of an improvisational piece of artwork, which can be implemented across artistic domains, including the visual arts, dance, music, creative writing, acting and even gastronomic art. Performers are instrumented with wireless scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity and inertial measurement units (IMUs) to capture body movement, while video cameras capture the evolving gestures of the participants and the art pieces. Sample adaptive denoising algorithms, computer vision, visualization, sonification and machine learning methods allow for the pre-processing, tagging, parsing, storing, aggregating, analyzing, and sharing of complex containerized multimodal data. These MoBI data and associated behavioral, cultural, demographic, and situational data collected under the Exquisite Corpse paradigm holds the promise of a better understanding of functional (affective, cognitive and motor) and dynamic brain processes, the study of the neuroscience of individuality and group behavior, and the design of robust affective and artistic brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and other diagnostic and therapeutical devices.
Photocycloadditions to 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazole

Abstract Photocycloaddition reactions of 3-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazole alkenes yield derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzothiazepine in one step reactions. The photoadditions are both regio and stereospecific.
Abstract 4478: High-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling identifies active cancer therapies in solid tumors

Phenotypic differences between primary patient tumors and models of tumors that are amenable to chemical screening represents a key barrier to drug discovery and drug repurposing. High-throughput technologies that can accurately identify active drugs using primary patient tumors are therefore valuable additions to the drug development toolbox and may have direct clinical utility as predictive biomarkers. Here we report a method called high-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling (HT-DBP), a robust microscopy-based assay with single-cell resolution that enables chemical screens of hundreds of candidate drugs on freshy isolated tumor cells to identify chemical inducers of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. HT-DBP requires only 24 hours of ex vivo culture which enables the direct study of fresh primary tumor cells and minimizes adaptive changes that occur with prolonged ex vivo culture. Using 1650 compounds, we performed HT-DBP on freshly isolated cells from the MMTV-PyMT genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer to identify drugs that sensitize these tumors for apoptosis. Selected compounds identified by HT-DBP induced regressions in the MMTV-PyMT genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer in vivo, and in a patient derived xenograft model of breast cancer. To evaluate how chemical vulnerabilities evolve in cell culture, we performed HT-DBP on a cancer cell line from MMTV-PyMT tumors. We observe different patterns of chemical vulnerabilities between freshly isolated tumor cells and in the derived cell lines, which is consistent with the mixed track record of cancer cell line chemical screens. We demonstrate that HT-DBP can be used to generate personalized apoptotic chemical vulnerabilities (which we refer to as pharmacotypes) for a set of colon cancer PDX models. We find that a PDX model derived from a primary site tumor and a metastatic lesion from the same patient have different pharmacotypes. Using annotations of small molecule targets, we can identify proteins and signaling pathways that represent apoptotic vulnerabilities in colon PDX models. Finally, we apply HT-DBP to primary human thyroid tumors and sarcomas to identify potential active therapies. In sum, HT-DBP can efficiently predict therapeutic sensitivity upon short-term ex vivo drug exposure and may empower functional precision medicine approaches in the clinic. Citation Format: Patrick D. Bhola, Eman Ahmed, Jennifer Guerriero, Ewa Sicinska, Emily Su, Jing Ni, Elizaveta Lavrova, Otari Chipashvili, Timothy Hagan, Kimmie Ng, Andrew Aguirre, Jochen Lorch, Suzanne George, George Demetri, Jean Zhao, Anthony Letai. High-throughput dynamic BH3 profiling identifies active cancer therapies in solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4478.
Modeling hyperosmotic blood–brain barrier opening within human tissue-engineered in vitro brain microvessels:

As the majority of therapeutic agents do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), transient BBB opening (BBBO) is one strategy to enable delivery into the brain for effective treatment of CNS disease. Intra-arterial infusion of the hyperosmotic agent mannitol reversibly opens the BBB; however, widespread clinical use has been limited due to the variability in outcomes. The current model for mannitol-induced BBBO assumes a transient but homogeneous increase in permeability; however, the details are poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanism of hyperosmotic opening at the cellular level, we developed a tissue-engineered microvessel model using stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) perturbed with clinically relevant mannitol doses. This model recapitulates physiological shear stress, barrier function, microvessel geometry, and cell-matrix interactions. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mannitol results in dose-dependent and spatially heterogeneous increases in paracellular permeability through the formation of transient focal leaks. Additionally, we find that the degree of BBB opening and subsequent recovery is modulated by treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor. These results show that tissue-engineered BBB models can provide insight into the mechanisms of BBBO and hence improve the reproducibility of hyperosmotic therapies for treatment of CNS disease.
New J pi =10(+) resonance in 16O

Small angle cross sections for $^{16}\mathrm{O}$${(}^{16}$O,${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$) and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$${(}^{16}$O,${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$) reactions have been measured from ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sim}}12}$ to 20 MeV in 50 keV steps and angular distributions are measured at selected energies. A well-isolated resonance with ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$${=10}^{+}$ and \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\simeq}100 keV is found at ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{\ensuremath{\simeq}}15.2}$ MeV. The high density of narrow structure over the entire energy range studied indicates no significant influence of dinucleus resonant states of $^{32}\mathrm{S}$ in these reactions.
Synchrotron X-ray micro-CT as a validation dataset for diffusion MRI in whole mouse brain.

PURPOSE To introduce synchrotron X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) and demonstrate its use as a natively isotropic, nondestructive, 3D validation modality for diffusion MRI in whole, fixed mouse brain. METHODS Postmortem diffusion MRI and microCT data were acquired of the same whole mouse brain. Diffusion data were processed using constrained spherical deconvolution. Synchrotron data were acquired at an isotropic voxel size of 1.17 μm. Structure tensor analysis was used to calculate fiber orientation distribution functions from the microCT data. A pipeline was developed to spatially register the 2 datasets in order to perform qualitative comparisons of fiber geometries represented by fiber orientation distribution functions. Fiber orientations from both modalities were used to perform whole-brain deterministic tractography to demonstrate validation of long-range white matter pathways. RESULTS Fiber orientation distribution functions were able to be extracted throughout the entire microCT dataset, with spatial registration to diffusion MRI simplified due to the whole brain extent of the microCT data. Fiber orientations and tract pathways showed good agreement between modalities. CONCLUSION Synchrotron microCT is a potentially valuable new tool for future multi-scale diffusion MRI validation studies, providing comparable value to optical histology validation methods while addressing some key limitations in data acquisition and ease of processing.
Conflict and Negotiation

Conflict is often seen to be a negative word within organizations. Unchecked, conflict can cause many issues that will tear teams and organizations apart. However, a lack of conflict can be just as detrimental. This chapter differentiates between functional conflict that can benefit an organization and dysfunctional forms of conflict, which can be extremely harmful to an organization’s health. We will then discuss structural and contextual factors that influence conflict within sport organizations. The chapter ends with a discussion about negotiation.