cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Follow-up in Chronic Hypoparathyroidism

Patients with hypoparathyroidism are at risk of many complications, both from the disease itself as well as from adverse effects of currently available treatment regimens. Ongoing care with a provider familiar with the treatment of this disorder is critical in order to meet the complex needs of patients and to optimize their outcomes (see also Chap. 15). The overarching goals of follow-up care for hypoparathyroidism are to ensure that effective care is in place and that the manifestations of the disease are as well controlled as possible.
Can I see the real me?: The powerful influence of self-beliefs on motivated behavior

The centrality of the self is a compelling and powerful motive that influences our day-to-day decisions and choice. The self is embodied in a series of values, goals, and social standards that inform and direct individual effort. Behavior is subservient to the dominant motive of the self, which is designed to create or improve positive self-concepts in relation to significant others. This chapter examines the variability of idiosyncratic and interpersonal motives grounded in self-worth perceptions that drive self-enhancing and failure-avoiding behavior. Individual differences related to social acceptance, compliance, obedience, altruism, and group dynamics are discussed. Additionally, the chapter reviews the self-protective strategies individuals employ to insulate themselves against the demoralizing prospect of believing they possess insufficient resources to meet learning and performance goals.
Endoscopic diagnosis and resection of esophageal granular cell tumors.

SUMMARY Granular cell tumors (GCT) are uncommon neoplasms. There is controversy regarding the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of esophageal GCT. We studied the endoscopic diagnosis and management of esophageal GCT among 23 patients identified in a single-institution pathology database. Medical records, pathology, and endoscopic images were reviewed. All patients underwent endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and endoscopic resection was performed in 10 patients. Seven of 23 patients had more than one esophageal GCT. Only six lesions exhibited a classic yellow discoloration. Among patients with a single GCT, three, four, and nine lesions were located in the proximal, middle, and distal esophagus, respectively. EUS showed hypoechoic, smooth-edged lesions usually confined to deep mucosa and submucosa. Standard forceps biopsy was diagnostic in 19 of 23 patients (83%). Ten GCT ≤ 10 mm in diameter underwent successful endoscopic mucosal resection without complication. The endoscopic appearance, location, and number of esophageal GCT are highly variable. Histological proof is still necessary for the differential diagnosis of this rare neoplasm. Endoscopic forceps biopsy is usually diagnostic. Endoscopic resection appears safe and effective in selected cases with lesions ≤ 10 mm.
Pipe Sizes from Modified Moody Diagram

In the course of developing some instructional material, a simple procedure evolved to extend the useful information contained on the Moody Diagram. A different point of view had been adopted in the development which makes the final result useful, especially if one wishes to demonstrate the utility of dimensional analysis.
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Pilot Study of a Brief Educational Intervention

Purpose Attending to psychological support and education from the time of diagnosis will assist patients in their acceptance of the need for psychological services. Design and Methods An intervention was provided at the time of diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. This randomized control pilot study examined outcomes 6–8 weeks after discharge from the hospital. Findings All subjects in the treatment group made and/or kept an appointment with a psychotherapist or psychiatrist within 6–8 weeks of discharge from the hospital as compared with 50% of the control group. Practice Implications This supportive approach assists patients to accept the functional or nonorganic nature of their symptoms and the need for psychological services.
Imagining Lamanites: Native Americans and the Book of Mormon

The Book of Mormon, first published by Joseph Smith, Jr. in 1830 in Palmyra, New York, draws upon colonial and antebellum biblical hermeneutics and nineteenth century myths of the origin and fate of an ancient American civilization of Mound Builders to construct a textual image of people of Hebrew descent called Lamanites. The author casts Lamanites as the antithesis of civilized, Christianized, white Nephites and employs legends of a Semitic patriarchal seed and a Hamitic curse of a dark skin to naturalize the authority of white men. The text formulates a model of conversion that conflates religious with economic, political, social, and biological transformation. Mormons of European heritage drew upon the portrait of Lamanites from this sacred text to target American Indians for conversion, adoption, and assimilation while justifying the usurpation of Native American lands. Rather than facilitating the disappearance of Lamanites, Mormon evangelization fostered the emergence of a new and dynamic Lamanite identity. American Indian converts to Mormonism in the United States, Mexico, and beyond have adopted, contested, and creatively reconstructed Lamanite status in ways that often defied Mormon attempts to turn them white. Meanwhile, Mormon scholars have struggled with archaeological, historical, and biological evidence contradicting claims of a Hebrew origin of American Indians and offered new images of Lamanites that narrowed the geographical range of the Book of Mormon from a hemispheric view to more limited geographies in places like Central America. Recent development of DNA research into American Indian origins has undermined claims of Hebrew ancestry for American Indians in Central America and beyond. Some Mormon scholars are now claiming the Hebrews of the Book of Mormon left no genetic descendants while others are entertaining the possibility that the scripture may be inspired fiction.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the retina.

drifting-grating stimulus was 1.7% 0.5% (P 10 4 , n 6) compared with dark. Multislice functional images of the retina flattened onto a two-dimensional surface showed relatively uniform activation. No statistically significant activation was observed in and around the optic nerve head. Hemifield stimulation studies demonstrated that stimuli presented to the upper half of the visual field activated the lower part of the retina, and stimuli presented to the lower half of the visual field activated the upper part of the retina, as expected. Signal changes evoked by the stationary gratings compared with the dark basal condition were positive but were approximately half that evoked by the drifting gratings (1.0% 0.1% versus 2.1% 0.3%, P 10 4 ).
KSHV MicroRNAs Repress Tropomyosin 1 and Increase Anchorage-Independent Growth and Endothelial Tube Formation.

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is characterized by highly vascularized spindle-cell tumors induced after infection of endothelial cells by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). In KS tumors, KSHV expresses only a few latent proteins together with 12 pre-microRNAs. Previous microarray and proteomic studies predicted that multiple splice variants of the tumor suppressor protein tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) were targets of KSHV microRNAs. Here we show that at least two microRNAs of KSHV, miR-K2 and miR-K5, repress protein levels of specific isoforms of TPM1. We identified a functional miR-K5 binding site in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of one TPM1 isoform. Furthermore, the inhibition or loss of miR-K2 or miR-K5 restores expression of TPM1 in KSHV-infected cells. TPM1 protein levels were also repressed in KSHV-infected clinical samples compared to uninfected samples. Functionally, miR-K2 increases viability of unanchored human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by inhibiting anoikis (apoptosis after cell detachment), enhances tube formation of HUVECs, and enhances VEGFA expression. Taken together, KSHV miR-K2 and miR-K5 may facilitate KSHV pathogenesis.
Integrating standard operating procedures and industry notebook standards to evaluate students in laboratory courses.

To enhance the preparedness of graduates from the Biochemistry and Biotechnology (BCBT) Major at Minnesota State University Moorhead for employment in the bioscience industry we have developed a new Industry certificate program. The BCBT Industry Certificate was developed to address specific skill sets that local, regional, and national industry experts identified as lacking in new B.S. and B.A. biochemistry graduates. The industry certificate addresses concerns related to working in a regulated industry such as Good Laboratory Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices, and working in a Quality System. In this article we specifically describe how we developed a validation course that uses Standard Operating Procedures to describe grading policy and laboratory notebook requirements in an effort to better prepare students to transition into industry careers. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(1):41–49, 2014.
Differentiation Kinetics of Blood Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in Macaques: Insights to Understanding Human Myeloid Cell Development

Monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) development was evaluated using in vivo BrdU pulse-chase analyses in rhesus macaques, and phenotype analyses of these cells in blood also were assessed by immunostaining and flow cytometry for comparisons among rhesus, cynomolgus, and pigtail macaques, as well as African green monkeys and humans. The nonhuman primate species and humans have three subsets of monocytes, CD14 + CD16 − , CD14 + CD16 + , and CD14 − CD16 + cells, which correspond to classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, respectively. In addition, there exist presently two subsets of DC, BDCA-1 + myeloid DC and CD123 + plasmacytoid DC, that were first confirmed in rhesus macaque blood. Following BrdU inoculation, labeled cells first appeared in CD14 + CD16 − monocytes, then in CD14 + CD16 + cells, and finally in CD14 − CD16 + cells, thus defining different stages of monocyte maturation. A fraction of the classical CD14 + CD16 − monocytes gradually expressed CD16 + to become CD16 + CD14 + cells and subsequently matured into the nonclassical CD14 − CD16 + cell subset. The differentiation kinetics of BDCA-1 + myeloid DC and CD123 + plasmacytoid DC were distinct from the monocyte subsets, indicating differences in their myeloid cell origins. Results from studies utilizing nonhuman primates provide valuable information about the turnover, kinetics, and maturation of the different subsets of monocytes and DC using approaches that cannot readily be performed in humans and support further analyses to continue examining the unique myeloid cell origins that may be applied to address disease pathogenesis mechanisms and intervention strategies in humans.
Formation of a β-Pyrimidine Nucleoside by a Free Pyrimidine Base and Ribose in a Plausible Prebiotic Reaction

The problem of β-nucleoside formation under prebiotic conditions represents one of the most significant challenges to the RNA world hypothesis and to many of its proposed precursors. The possibility exists that alternative bases may have come before the contemporary bases (i.e., A, G, C, and U), including bases that more readily form nucleosides. In a search for pyrimidine bases that are able to form nucleosides in plausible prebiotic reactions, it was discovered that the drying and heating of 2-pyrimidinone with ribose produces a β-furanosyl ribonucleoside in approximately 12% yield. At least two other chemical isomers of zebularine are also produced in the condensation reaction. This work represents the first successful synthesis of a pyrimidine nucleoside from a free base and a nonactivated sugar in a plausible prebiotic reaction. A comparison of 2-pyrimidinone with the purine bases that have also been demonstrated to form nucleosides in plausible prebiotic reactions provides insights regarding what ch...
A cluster of hematopoietic serine protease genes is found on the same chromosomal band as the human alpha/delta T-cell receptor locus.

Abstract The chymotrypsin-like family of serine protease genes includes several members that are expressed exclusively in subsets of hematopoietic cells. For example, human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G are expressed only in myelomonocytic precursors, and cytotoxic-T-cell serine proteases are found only in cytotoxic lymphocytes. We have used a cathepsin G cDNA probe to clone two cathepsin G-like genes (designated CGL-1 and CGL-2) from a human genomic library. We have determined that CGL-1 is identical to a previously identified gene (known as CCPI, CTLA I, or cytotoxic serine protease B) that is expressed only in activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We show here that cathepsin G, CGL-1, and CGL-2 are linked on an approximately 50-kilobase locus found on human chromosome 14 at band q11.2. This gene cluster maps to the same chromosomal band as the alpha and delta T-cell receptor genes; this region is involved in most chromosomal translocations and inversions that are specifically associated with T-cell malignancies.
Pyrolysis gas chromatography atomic emission detection method for determination of N-containing components of humic and fulvic acids

Abstract In this study, a pyrolysis gas chromatography/atomic emission detector (pyrolysis GC/AED) analytical system was established and then investigated for its utility in the chemical characterization of the N-containing components of humic and fulvic acids. Our results show that: (1) the optimal sample pyrolysis temperatures, for observing the characteristic profiles of N-containing components in soil organic matter constituents such as humic and fulvic acids, are from 300 to 500 °C; (2) the main N-containing pyrolysis products of humic and fulvic acids are acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, pyridine, pyrrole and acetamide; (3) except for pyridine, each of the main N-containing fragments had more than one dominant N-containing source, with source structures being different for humic acid and fulvic acid; and (4) pyrolysis GC/AED with high selectivity and sensitivity may be a useful tool for tracking quantitatively the changes of SOM N-containing components during their decomposition in soils.
Diversity, productivity and temporal stability in the economies of humans and nature

Abstract Recent advances in ecology are of great potential relevance to economists. Here we present two ecological models of mechanisms of competition and coexistence, and use these to derive how the primary productivity of ecosystems, the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere and stored by plants, the efficiency of resource use, and the spatial and temporal variability of productivity and resource use should depend on diversity. We then discuss the relevance of these results to (1) ecosystem services and the economic value of diversity and (2) the functioning of any competitive system, including the economy.
Diffraction Patterns of Si-based Polygonal Grating for 1-to-many Optical Interconnects

With the advent of higher clock speeds and distributed multiprocessor computer architectures, a great deal of interest has arisen in synchronously distributing a clock signal over all the processors in a computer with an acceptable clock skew [1]. Unfortunately, at clock speeds above 500 MHz, a synchronous global clock distribution system is very difficult to attain using electrical interconnects due to their inherent limitations. Because of the high bandwidth capability in optical signals, various guided wave optical clock distribution schemes have been investigated to alleviate such a problem. Photopolymer-based multiplexed volume holograms [2], surface relief gratings working at different diffraction orders [3] have been employed to achieve massive fanouts. However, due to the nature of non-multiplexibility, a surface relief grating is primarily employed as 1-to-l interconnect device with relatively low interconnectivity [4]. For 1-to-many fanout optical interconnects employing surface relief material with a single fanout node, a new device configuration is needed to solve this problem.
Use of force feedback to enhance graphical user interfaces

This project focuses on the use of force feedback sensations to enhance user interaction with standard graphical user interface paradigms. While typical joystick and mouse devices are input-only, force feedback controllers allow physical sensations to be reflected to a user. Tasks that require users to position a cursor on a given target can be enhanced by applying physical forces to the user that aid in targeting. For example, an attractive force field implemented at the location of a graphical icon can greatly facilitate target acquisition and selection of the icon. It has been shown that force feedback can enhance a users ability to perform basic functions within graphical user interfaces.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Range Shape and Range Elongation of North American Trees

Understanding the characteristics of geographic ranges is a basic premise of all biogeographical research. One such measure of geographic ranges is range shape. The shapes of ranges reveal processes that affect the habitable limits of their respective species. I investigated the relative range elongation, with respect to maximum north-south distance and maximum east-west distance, of 269 North American tree species. These data provide evidence that species with smaller ranges tend to be elongated north-south and species with larger ranges tend to be elongated east-west. These results are similar to previously published data on land mammals and land birds of North America, but differ from data published on North American ectotherms. This pattern is likely a result of species with small ranges being limited by local north-south-trending topography and species with large ranges being limited by major east-west-oriented climatic zones, and is not merely an artifact of Rapoport's Rule. Previously, range elonga...
Kappa opioid receptor localization and coupling to nitric oxide production in cells of the anterior chamber.

Elevated IOP is one of the major risk factors responsible for optic nerve damage in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Therefore, achieving good control of IOP is very important in preventing the progression of optic neuropathy, which eventually leads to irreversible vision loss. IOP is determined primarily by the dynamic equilibrium between the production of aqueous humor in the ciliary body and its efflux, mainly through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal.1 Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary epithelial cells located in the ciliary body.2 We3–5 and others6 have shown that opioid receptor activation modulates aqueous humor dynamics and, therefore, IOP. Specifically, we have shown that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists reduce IOP by reducing aqueous humor formation and increasing aqueous humor outflow, thereby suggesting their possible usefulness in glaucoma therapy. We have also provided evidence that the effect of selective KOR agonists on aqueous humor dynamics involves increased natriuretic peptide release in the anterior segment,5,7 but much remains to be understood about the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these events. Most of the actions of natriuretic peptides occur via activation of the guanylyl cyclase (GC) pathway, which induces the elevation of intracellular cGMP. cGMP, however, is synthesized by two different isoforms of GC: particulate or membrane GC (pGC), to which ANP binds, and soluble GC (sGC), which is activated by NO. Compounds that affect the NO/cGMP pathway lower IOP either by enhancing aqueous humor outflow facility, reducing aqueous humor formation, or a combination of these mechanisms.8 Because KOR agonists have effects on both the inflow and the outflow pathways, we propose that NO may also be involved in KOR-mediated effects in the anterior segment. We conducted the present study using well established human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells (NPCEs) and human trabecular meshwork cells (HTM-3). Because the ciliary epithelium is a primary site for aqueous humor production, NPCE cells are often used to determine mechanisms of action of drugs that affect aqueous humor formation.9 These transformed NPCE cells were also shown to contain NO-activated heterodimeric soluble GC.10 HTM-3 cells are often used to determine the effect of drugs on the signal transduction pathways in the conventional outflow tract of the eye.11 Based on the reported use of these cultured cells in the determination of signaling pathways in the anterior chamber, we used these cellular models to determine the possible involvement of NO in KOR agonist–induced ocular hypotension.
Preliminary results of ultrasonic snow depth sensor testing for National Weather Service (NWS) snow measurements in the US

During the 2006–2007 winter season, 17 sites across the US including Alaska tested an automated snow measurement system. This article aims to describe successes and failures of this system and provide insight into data collected this season. The system was designed in collaboration with both Environment Canada and Snow Sensor Study participants during the summer of 2006. This system included three Campbell Scientific SR-50 sensors oriented 120° from one another and a temperature probe centred in the plot. Data collection efforts were successful with minimal amounts of data missing because of system or sensor failures. The system integrated automated retrieval of data from dataloggers, as well as automated file transfer protocol (FTP) to the study website for data archival and graphical display. Overall, the sensors and installation worked well with only a few problems noted. The sensors compared well with both manual observations taken adjacent to each sensor as well as traditional total snow depth (TSD) on ground measurements. The comparison to depths, taken adjacent to the sensors, allows for investigation of frost heave and indicates periods where the sensors were not functioning properly. The comparison to TSD on ground reveal problems with siting at some locations that are recommended to be remedied by re-installation or re-location of those sites prior to the 2007–2008 snow season. These results are preliminary and research will be ongoing for signal processing, snowfall algorithm development and optimal installation in preparation for the 2007–2008 snow season. This research has potential to return important snow observations to national weather service(NWS) observing networks that were discontinued when automation began as well as provide continuous snowpack monitoring to data users. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking typestate-oriented programming languages

The performance of typestate-oriented programming languages is difficult to evaluate as existing benchmarks do not exercise the unique features of these languages. We address this by developing a new benchmark suite specifically designed to evaluate typestate-oriented functionality. These benchmarks model projected applications, providing overhead and memory loads similar to actual applications.
Diurnal serum triglyceride levels of children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

Summary 1. Diurnal serum lipid variations of 9 children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and of 7 children with presumably normal pancreatic function as controls have been studied in relation to mixed diets before and during the administration of pancreatic extract. Serum triglycerides, phospholipid, and cholesterol concentrations were determined at intervals of 4 hours for periods of 24 hours. 2. Little or no variations in the diurnal serum cholesterol and phospholipid patterns were observed in the two groups of children. In the control and diseased children, the mean serum cholesterol concentrations were 175 and 124 mg. per cent, respectively, and the phospholipids were 180 and 165 mg. per cent, respectively. 3. The diurnal serum triglyceride curves of children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas differed from those of the children in the control group in the following ways: (1) little or no postprandial rise, (2) a moderate dip in the early hours of fasting, and (3) a slight rise with prolonged fasting. 4. Significant but modest postprandial increases in the serum triglyceride levels were observed in 6 of 9 children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas during the administration of Viokase. 5. Despite the naturally imposed restriction of fat by children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, none of the patients in this series had a neutral fat hyperlipemia. The mean fasting serum triglyceride concentration of the patients was essentially the same as that of the children in the control group. 6. The possibility of an association between the low diurnal serum triglyceride levels and the decreased incidence of aortic atherosclerosis in children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is a subject for speculation and further correlative studies.
The neurofilament infrastructure of a developing presynaptic calyx.

Calyx-type synapses appear to be specifically designed to support fast, reliable, high-frequency excitatory transmission. In the chick ciliary ganglion, calyx terminals from preganglionic neurons in the midbrain form early in development on ciliary neurons. We find that labeling the calyx membranes with a lipophilic dye delivered by diffusion down the preganglionic nerve reveals a large membrane structure engulfing the postsynaptic cell by the end of embryogenesis. In contrast, labeling the calyces with a water-soluble dye by diffusion through the preganglionic nerve suggests large discontinuities in the calyx. A similar pattern of discontinuities is seen when presynaptic neurofilaments are labeled with antibodies selective for highly phosphorylated neurofilaments. The neurofilament infrastructure of the calyx first appears as a single thick bundle, which subsequently bifurcates during development and eventually generates a fine meshwork of filaments subdivided by several large neurofilament bundles encircling the postsynaptic cell body. The large bundles probably produce protruding ridges in the otherwise thin calyx cup, accounting for the disparity in staining patterns observed with membrane and cytosolic dyes. The postsynaptic membrane also undergoes restructuring during development with the appearance of large folded mats of somatic spines heavily invested with nicotinic receptors. The large presynaptic neurofilament bundles do not overlap the postsynaptic receptor clusters but do codistribute with large tracks of presynaptic microtubules. The neurofilament bundles may act as girders to provide structural support while at the same time defining conduits for microtubule-dependent transport of materials and rapid propagation of electrical signals throughout the extended calyx. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:284–294, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
What if I find it cheaper someplace else?: Role of prefactual thinking and anticipated regret in consumer behavior

Allen R. McConnell, Keith E. Niedermeier, Jill M. Leibold,Amani G. El-Alayli, Peggy P. Chin, and Nicole M. KuiperMichigan State UniversityABSTRACTPrevious research has focused primarily on affect generated fromcounterfactual thinking after decisions have heen made. The currentstudy, in contrast, examined how predecision mental simulations(prefactuals) and feelings of anticipated regret are affected hydifferent marketing strategies. A preliminary investigation foundthat consumers frequently produce upward prefactuals (e.g., if I huyit today and find it for less next week, I'll regret my purchase) whenconsidering a major purchase. It was hypothesized that providingprice guarantees would reduce upward prefactual generation andreduce anticipated regret. The primary investigation supportedthese predictions. When price guarantees were availahle, prefactualswere more downward in direction and negative affect was reduced.Also, price guarantees increased long-term satisfaction andhappiness even when they were not exercised. Implications formental simulation, marketing, and judgment and decision makingare discussed. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.When attempting to influence behavior, one of the most straightforwardapproaches is to place positive behavior-relevant thoughts in the target
A “second” radial artery for monitoring the perioperative pediatric cardiac patient

The radial artery on the radial aspect of the wrist can be used as an alternative site of blood pressure monitoring and sampling. The anatomy of the radial artery in the wrist is reviewed and its clinical use is described.
Update: Resources for Supporting the APA Publication Style

Almost the very same day I received my copy of the April–June 2009 issue of the Journal of Hospital Librarianship containing my article “Resources for Supporting the APA Publication Style” (1), I r...
Computational approach to finite size and shape effects in iron nanomagnets

We examine a computational approach to the calculation of finite size and shape effects to magnetic systems based on the spin wave approximation to a Heisenberg ferromagnet. The method can be used for high throughput analysis of a variety of nanomagnetic materials. We compute the dependence of the magnetization of an iron nanomagnet on temperature, size and shape. The approach is applied to magnets in the range of 432 atoms to 59 million atoms, a size which is several orders of magnitude beyond the scalability of density functional theory.
Ledge and wedge: younger and older adults’ perception of action possibilities

The current study investigated whether younger (college-age) and older adults (60+ years) differ in their ability to perceive safe and unsafe motor actions. Participants decided whether to walk through openings varying in width in two penalty conditions: In the doorway condition, if participants attempted to squeeze through impossibly narrow openings, the penalty for error was entrapment. In the ledge condition, if participants attempted to inch along impossibly narrow ledges, the penalty for error was falling. Results showed that across the lifespan, people consider falling to be a more severe penalty than getting stuck: Both younger and older adults made more conservative decisions when the penalty for error was falling, and older women were especially leery of falling. In both age groups, abilities and decisions were based on dynamic properties of the body, such as compressed body size in the doorway condition and balance in the ledge condition. Findings indicate that failure to perceive possibilities for action is unlikely to be the cause of the increased prevalence of falling in older adults.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 144

Abstract The 1967 version of Nuclear Data Sheets for A=144 has been revised on the basis of experimental data received by February 7, 1975. Experimental data quoted in the 1967 version which have been largely superseded by more recent work have been omitted from the present revision. Data for which there have been no new measurements have only been summarized in the present revision, and the reader is referred to 67Ram1 for details.
Tides in the mesopause region over Fort Collins, Colorado (41°N, 105°W) based on lidar temperature observations covering full diurnal cycles

[1] Eighteen sets of 24-hour continuous lidar temperature observation, well distributed throughout the year, have been analyzed to reveal the mean amplitude and phase of oscillations with 24-, 12-, 8-, and 6-hour periods for four seasons. The amplitude and phase of both 24- and 12-hour components are compared to the prediction of the most recent global-scale wave model (GSWM-00). The variability of diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations is examined by comparing the amplitude and phases of each observed day in autumn, winter, and spring. Even with the limited data sets reported here, surprisingly good general agreement between the observed and model tidal phases can be established, implicating the prevalence of migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides. Compared to the diurnal and semidiurnal phases, which typically show clear downward phase progression, the 8- and 6-hour components exhibit small amplitude and show unorganized phase propagation as a function of altitude. The advantage of having coverage over complete diurnal cycle and entire mesopause altitudes as demonstrated here would hopefully stimulate future tidal studies with lidar temperature, and zonal and meridional wind observations.
Singularity analysis of fourth-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory

Abstract The usefulness of Moller–Plesset perturbation theory, a standard technique of quantum chemistry, is determined by singularities in the corresponding energy function in the complex plane of the perturbation parameter. A method is developed that locates singularities from fourth-order perturbation series, using quadratic approximants with bilinear conformal mappings.
Endobronchial control of bronchopleural fistulae

This report describes a proposed solution to the problem of high-flow bronchopleural fistulae in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Animal studies and clinical application demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment.
The impact of the Soviet imposed mutual assistance pacts on the governments of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, 1939

(1984). The impact of the Soviet imposed mutual assistance pacts on the governments of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, 1939. Nationalities Papers: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 107-116.
Gonad-Stimulating Hormone in Urine of a Patient with a Teratoma Testis.

ConclusionIt was found, on the basis of 3 biologic tests, that the gonad-stimulating hormone in the urine of a patient with a teratoma testis had the same characteristics as the substance occurring in the urine of pregnant women.Zondek,1 Ferguson,2 and others have shown that the urine of men with various testicular tumors may contain a gonad-stimulating hormone. Evans et al.3 reported that this substance may have characteristics of both the anterior-pituitary-sex hormone and the factor occurring in the urine of pregnant women. Hamburger4 found a hormone in the urine of 5 men with testicular tumors and one woman with a teratoma of the ovary, which produced the same histologic picture in the ovaries of immature mice as that resulting from the injection of urine from pregnant women. In a seventh case, a man with an embryoma testis, he obtained results which he felt were due to the presence of 2 hormones. Since the patient had been castrated as a consequence of radium therapy, he believed that one of these su...
Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: differential display analysis and cloning of mRNAs from attenuated and infective forms.

The virulence of Leishmania mexicana is determined by the concerted action of several parasite molecules. These cells lose their infectivity to host macrophages after prolonged cultivation in axenic growth media. Both virulent and attenuated variants of the parasite cells were cloned. The differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique was employed to understand whether this natural attenuation of the parasite cells is accompanied by differential expression of selected genes in those cells. Twelve different dinucleotide-anchored oligo(dT) antisense primers were used to make cDNAs from poly(A) + mRNAs isolated from a clonal population of virulent and avirulent cells following a protocol optimized for Leishmania mRNAs. Those cDNAs were subjected to amplifications using each of the three different arbitrary decanucleotide primers and the corresponding anchored oligo(dT) primer. This procedure revealed four virulent-specific cDNA probes and one avirulent-specific cDNA probe. Differential expressions of these genes were confirmed by northern hybridization using the cloned cDNA probes. These results indicate that differential expression of genes may be the key in determining the molecular basis of leishmanial virulence.
Dirty deeds unwanted: the use of biased memory processes in the context of ethics

One's dishonest behavior is an unwelcome and unwanted memory and can become relatively inaccessible to consciousness over time. We review research that provides support for the active role that people have in shaping their memory of unethical actions. We argue that in service of social-advancement and self-enhancement, people are likely to use biased memory processes that involve obfuscating the truth so that they can maintain a moral self-image.
Perinatal outcomes in the setting of active phase arrest of labor.

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of active phase arrest has been defined as no cervical change for a minimum of 2 hours in the setting of an adequate uterine contraction pattern. However, cesarean deliveries performed for active phase arrest often fail to meet these criteria. Previous studies have demonstrated that a majority of women diagnosed with active phase arrest will achieve a vaginal delivery if given at least 4-hours before a diagnosis of active phase arrest is made. These studies also showed low rates of maternal and neonatal complications among all women with active phase arrest, and similar rates for cesarean and vaginal deliveries. To confirm these findings, this retrospective cohort study evaluated perinatal outcomes in Californian women with a live, term, cephalic, singleton birth who were diagnosed with active phase arrest of labor for at least 2-hours and delivered between 1991 and 2001 (n = 1014). Two comparisons were made. In the first, rates of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with active phase arrest were compared by mode of delivery: vaginal or cesarean. In the second, outcomes of women who delivered vaginally were compared in those with or without active phase arrest. Of the 1014 women identified with active phase arrest, 33% (335) went on to deliver vaginally, and 68% (679) underwent cesarean deliveries. Among these women, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that cesarean delivery was associated with an increased risk of chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.21–5.15), endomyometritis (aOR 48.41, 95% CI 6.61–354), postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 5.18, 95% CI 3.42– 7.85), and severe postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 14.97, 95% CI 1.77–126). There was no significant association between cesarean delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes in women with active phase arrest. Women with active phase arrest who delivered vaginally had significantly increased odds of chorioamnionitis (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22–2.36) and shoulder dystocia (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.33– 4.25). There were no differences in rates of other adverse neonatal outcomes and active phase arrest, including sepsis, neonatal intensive care unit admission, clavicular fracture, Erb’s palsy, and acidemia. These findings suggest to the investigators that an attempt to achieve vaginal delivery in women diagnosed with active phase arrest should be made because it poses no additional risk to the neonate and may reduce the maternal risks associated with cesarean delivery.
Application of polymeric surfactants in micellar electrokinetic chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of benzodiazepines and benzoxazocine chiral drugs

Chiral micellar EKC (CMEKC) coupled to ESI-MS using polymeric surfactants as pseudostationary phases is investigated for simultaneous enantioseparation of two benzodiazepines, (+/-)-oxazepam ((+/-)-OXA) and (+/-)-lorazepam ((+/-)-LOR), and one benzoxazocine, (+/-)-nefopam ((+/-)-NEF). First, enantioselectivity and electrospray sensitivity of six chiral polymeric surfactants for all three chiral compounds are compared. Second, using poly(sodium N-undecenoyl-L-leucinate) as pseudostationary phase, the organic modifiers (methanol (MeOH), isopropanol, and ACN) are added into the running buffer to further improve chiral resolution (RS). Next, a CMEKC-ESI-MS method for the simultaneous enantioseparation of two benzodiazepines is further developed by using a dipeptide polymeric surfactant, poly(sodium N-undecenoxy carbonyl-L,L-leucyl-valinate) (poly-L,L-SUCLV). The CMEKC conditions including nebulizer pressure, capillary length, ammonium acetate concentration, pH, poly-L,L-SUCLV concentration, and capillary temperature were optimized to achieve maximum chiral RS and highest sensitivity of MS detection. The spray chamber parameters (drying gas temperature and drying gas flow rate) as well as sheath liquid conditions (MeOH content, pH, flow rate, and ionic strength) were found to significantly influence MS S/N of both (+/-)-OXA and (+/-)-LOR. Finally, a comparative study between simultaneous UV and MS detection showed high plate numbers, better chiral RS, and enhanced detectability with CMEKC-MS. However, speed of analysis was faster using CMEKC-UV.
Rare-earth-metal-semiconductor interfacial reactions: Thermodynamic aspects.

Chemical reactions at rare-earth-metal--semiconductor interfaces are discussed based on heats of formation of bulk compounds and estimated heats of adsorption. Photoemission results for rare-earth-metal overlayers on the Si(111), Ge(111), and GaAs(110) surfaces, which have shown valence changes with chemical reactions and clustering of metal atoms, were used to estimate the heats of adsorption. The heats of adsorption of rare-earth metals on the Si surface were found to be considerably reduced as compared to bond strengths in bulk rare-earth silicides. This weak bond is attributed to an effectively zero-valent (6${s}^{2}$) or monovalent (5${d}^{1}$6${s}^{2}$) valence-electron configuration of the rare-earth adatom on the Si surface. The heats of adsorption on the GaAs surface were found to be larger and somewhat closer to bond strengths in bulk rare-earth compounds than in the rare-earth--Si system, probably due to significant ionic contribution to the rare-earth---As bond. The fact that the surface disruption is observed in the initial stage of Ce adsorption on the GaAs surface but not for Sm on GaAs is explained by the larger heat of adsorption for Ce than for Sm (by \ensuremath{\sim}50 kcal/mol). The heats of formation of bulk rare-earth compounds were estimated from their valence behaviors, photoemission core-level shifts, and the heats of formation of related compounds. They are found to be only weakly dependent on the valence and the atomic number of the rare-earth metals, consistent with experimental photoemission results for multiple-layer coverages of these metals on semiconductor substrates.
Factors Affecting Production of Staphylococcal Lipase

Summary Lipase production by the cells of Staphylococcus aureus is affected by aeration, agitation, age and pH value of the cultures during growth. At 37° the maximum production of both cells and lipase occurred within the pH range 6.5–9.0, with the optimum for cell production at pH 7.5–8.0 and the optimum for lipase production at pH 7.5–9.0. The presence of air was essential for lipase production, and the maximum lipase activity was produced in a culture incubated 5 days with agitation.
Patrons of massage parlors: Some facts and figures

A survey of 183 patrons of a massage parlor in Illinois indicated that the typical customer is a 35-year-old married white male from out of town with 13 years of education who is employed in a lower- or middle-class job and goes to church on Sunday. He reports having had a variety of heterosexual experiences in the past, has come to the parlor because of lack of a sexual partner at this particular time or because of curiosity, will come to orgasm during the genital massage, and will find it sexually satisfying. He is likely to have high self-esteem, consider himself personally and sexually adjusted, consider his value system liberal, and to be somewhat sympathetic to the goals of the women's rights movement.
Evaluation of Various Potato Plant Sample Units for Cost-Effective Sampling of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Sampling for larvae and adults of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was done in commercial potato, Solanum tuberosum L., fields on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in 1987 and 1988 to evaluate sampling precision and cost associated with a single potato stem versus two- to five-stem cluster sample units. Relative net precision values indicated that five-stem cluster samples were the most cost efficient for all population densities of Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults. When plants attain maximum vegetative growth, cluster samples of three or four stems may be used to save time with only a small sacrifice in sampling precision compared with five-stem cluster samples. Additional sampling was done in 1987 to compare Colorado potato beetle counts from upper plant foliage with whole-plant counts to determine whether a visual examination of the top plant canopy could be used to estimate beetle density on the whole plant. Coefficient of determination values generated from regression analyses of top-foliage beetle counts on whole-plant counts were higher for adults than for large larvae. However, a large proportion of the total variation in whole-plant counts was explained by the fitted regressions for both life stages.
The Atmosphere of the Primitive Earth and the Prebiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids

The atmosphere of the Earth at the time of its formation is now generally believed to have been reducing, an idea proposed by Oparin and extensively discussed by Urey. This atmosphere would have contained CH4, N2 with traces of NH3, water and hydrogen. Only traces of NH3 would have been present because of its solubility in water. UV light and electric discharges were the major sources of energy for amino acid synthesis, with electric discharges being the most efficient, although most other sources of energy also give amino acids.
20 years of graduate optics education at the University of New Mexico

For the past 20 years, the Departments of Physics and Astronomy (P&A) and of Electrical and Computer Engineering (EECE) at the University of New Mexico have jointly administered a highly successful interdisciplinary, intercollegiate Ph.D. program in Optical Sciences. During this interval, over 75 Ph.D. degrees have been awarded to graduates who have become highly valuable members of optical industries and academia here and abroad. During this same period, the optics-related faculty has seen its numerical strength increase to nearly 30, and has expanded into several departments such as Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics, Chemical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.
Circadian activity rhythms in selectively bred ethanol-preferring and nonpreferring rats

Chronic alcohol intake is associated with dramatic disruptions in sleep and other circadian biological rhythms in both humans and experimental animals. In human alcoholics, these disruptions persist during extended abstinence and appear to promote relapse to drinking. Whereas chronic ethanol intake alters fundamental properties of the circadian pacemaker in unselected rats, nothing is known concerning circadian pacemaker function in selectively bred ethanol-preferring and nonpreferring rats, which are the most widely accepted animal models of genetic predisposition to alcoholism. The present experiments were designed to characterize free-running circadian activity (wheel-running) rhythms under both constant darkness and constant light in selectively bred ethanol-preferring (P, HAD2) and nonpreferring (NP, LAD2) rats. Differences in circadian organization between ethanol-preferring and nonpreferring animals were seen for both pairs of selected lines (P vs. NP; HAD2 vs. LAD2), but these differences were not identical in the two line pairs. For example, although P rats showed shorter free-running periods than NP rats only in constant light, HAD2 rats showed shorter free-running periods than LAD2 rats only in constant darkness. In addition, ethanol-preferring HAD2 rats showed a high rate of rhythm ‘‘splitting’’ that was not seen in any of the other three lines. Taken together, these results suggest that the circadian pacemakers of P and NP rats differ mainly in light sensitivity, whereas those of HAD2 and LAD2 rats differ in their intrinsic period. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.