cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Pursuit of an Integrated Methodology for Accurate Elevated Temperature and Superplastic Tensile Testing

Hydro and pneumatic sheet metal forming operations are commonly carried out at warm and elevated temperature; hence for modelling the behaviours of the formed materials, testing at such temperatures is necessary. The uniaxial tensile test is the most universally-adopted mechanical testing procedure for material characterisation purposes; yet in spite of its simplicity and standardisation for room temperature testing, the test is problematic at higher than-ambient-temperatures. Perhaps that explains the disagreements between different researchers in the field on some of the most critical aspects of the test. Crucially, any inaccuracies in warm and elevated temperature tensile testing have direct impact on the accuracy of the constitutive models and finite element simulations, which we rely on in running and optimising hydro/pneumatic forming operations. This work presents a comprehensive testing methodology that aims at resolving the most critical of issues encountered in this unique type of testing. The methodology is centred about quick-mount grips that tackle the thermal issues by facilitating mounting the test specimen in a very short time. A testing procedure is devised accordingly, and preliminary testing results are presented to demonstrate the impact of the methodology on the accuracy of the results. In addition, the effect of the specimen geometry on the test outcome is investigated using a wide variety of geometries; an optimised geometry is derived based on the obtained experimental results. The methodology is validated by testing AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy specimens at different temperatures and strain rates.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Positive secondary ion yield enhancement of metal elements using trichlorotrifluoroethane and tetrachloroethene backfilling

Abstract Positive secondary ion yields are strongly enhanced by the presence of reactive gas species. Oxygen primary ion beam or oxygen backfilling is commonly used for this purpose. However, for some metal elements that form a weak oxide bond such as Nb, Mo and Ag, depth profiling with an oxygen primary beam may not enhance the ion yields. This lead us to find an alternative way to study the yield enhancement on metal ion species by backfilling the sample surface with reactive gas species such as trichlorotrifluoroethane (C2Cl3F3) and tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4) while depth profiling with an argon primary ion beam.
Satellite-Inferred Morning-to-Evening Cloudiness Changes

Outgoing infrared radiation values inferred from radiance measurements in the water vapor window taken at approximately 0900 and 2100 LT by scanning radiometers aboard the polar orbiting NOAA satellites are compared in order to determine whether a significant diurnal variation exists. Data with a resolution of 2.5 deg in latitude and longitude are mapped for latitudes between 50 deg N and 50 deg S for two seasons, June-August 1975 and December 1975-February 1976. Over land regions and coastal waters it is found that the 12-h differences in outgoing IR are dominated by middle and high clouds, likely of convective origin. Over the tropical oceans there is evidence of a morning bias in high cloudiness (possibly of convective origin) and low cloudiness (stratus, stratocumulus and trade wind cumulus), and an evening bias in middle cloudiness. Because of the compensation between these three cloud regimes the net morning to evening differences in outgoing IR are rather small except over the eastern oceans where the low cloud regime predominates and tends to produce a weak but statistically significant evening maximum.
Accumulation of etorphine by slices of cerebral cortex and corpus striatum of rats.

Abstract A system in slices of cerebral cortex and corpus striatum is described which concentrates etorphine at very low concentrations (
Optimization of Prostate Biopsy: the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Biopsy in Detection, Localization and Risk Assessment

Purpose: Optimization of prostate biopsy requires addressing the shortcomings of standard systematic transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy, including false-negative rates, incorrect risk stratification, detection of clinically insignificant disease and the need for repeat biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging is an evolving noninvasive imaging modality that increases the accurate localization of prostate cancer at the time of biopsy, and thereby enhances clinical risk assessment and improves the ability to appropriately counsel patients regarding therapy. In this review we 1) summarize the various sequences that comprise a prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging examination along with its performance characteristics in cancer detection, localization and reporting standards; 2) evaluate potential applications of magnetic resonance imaging targeting in prostate biopsy among men with no previous biopsy, a negative previous biopsy and those with low stage cancer; and 3) describe the techniques of magn...
Doctors, patients and the racial mortality gap

Abstract Research in the health sciences reports persistent racial differences in health care access, utilization, and outcomes. This study investigates three potential sources of these disparities – differential quality of care, physician discrimination, and patient response to therapy. It uses a unique panel dataset of physician–patient encounters, the resulting medication therapies and the patients’ adherence to those medical recommendations. Equalizing access to quality health care will not erase the racial differences in mortality among chronically ill patients. Targeted programs aimed at improving adherence with medication therapy among disadvantaged groups must be an integral part of any policy aimed at achieving equality in health outcomes.
Simulation of the Present-Day Atmospheric Ozone, Odd Nitrogen, Chlorine and Other Species Using a Coupled 2-D Model in Isentropic Coordinates

A zonally averaged two-dimensional model for chemical species in the atmosphere (Olaguer et al., 1990), with coupled dynamics, radiation transfer, and chemistry, is used to study the present-day atmospheric ozone, odd nitrogen, chlorine, other species. The model utilizes all zonally averaged physical equations of momentum, energy, and mass and determines self-consistently the advective and diffusive tranasport parameters from the temperature specific to the period of observation. A comparison of the model results with observations showed good agreement.
Tourism's Role in the Global Economy

Few things drive me crazier when marking student papers than coming across quoted and cited claims that tourism is the world's largest industry. Tourism is certainly a huge and important economic a...
Servicescapes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees:

A typology of service organizations is presented and a conceptual framework is advanced for exploring the impact of physical surroundings on the behaviors of both customers and employees. The abili...
Open regionalism: An alternative to the regional trading bloc in East Asia?

As the regional economic integration around the world increases in intensity, the possibility of forming a trading bloc in East Asia looms large. A model is developed to test the viability of major trading blocs using a schematic, which measures the level of integration against the level of resistance. Given the prevailing internal and external problems, an Asian trading bloc, if any, is expected to be the one with a relatively low level of integration based on the open regionalism bridging the countries across the Pacific Ocean.
Promoting Community Coalition Functioning: Effects of Project STEP

There has been relatively little research on effects of interventions aimed directly at improving internal community coalition functioning, particularly in the area of planning for adoption of evidence-based prevention programs. The current study investigated the effect of Project STEP, a prevention diffusion trial, on three factors hypothesized to improve coalition prevention planning (quality of coalition plans, extent of plan implementation, and committee internal functioning in meetings). Cities were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (televised training with limited technical assistance, televised training alone, or control; n = 24). Results demonstrated that at 1.5 year follow-up, coalitions in the two intervention groups showed more effective prevention plans, plan implementation, and functioning in meetings than control coalitions. Group differences were maintained at 3-year follow-up, albeit at decreased levels, for quality of planning and implementation. The findings suggest that building coalition capacity to diffuse evidence-based prevention programs works at least partially by increasing the effectiveness of coalition functioning, and that booster training may be warranted within 3 years after initial training.
Behavioural response of spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) to induced resistance of cotton plants

. 1 Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) given a choice between a cotton plant previously damaged by mites and an undamaged control preferentially moved to the control plant. 2 This host-choice behaviour was seen in adult female mites but not in immatures. 3 Adult females were not found to be significantly more fecund on control plants than on previously damaged plants, but the duration of this choice experiment precluded full assessment of effects on fecundity. 4 Mites responded very quickly, choosing previously undamaged plants without contacting or feeding on the test plants. This suggests that an olfactory response to a chemical substance(s) is involved.
Solution deposition of ultrathin zirconia films on YBa2Cu3O7-δ by molecular layering of tetra-n-propyl zirconate

Ultrathin (<10 nm) zirconia films were deposited on (001) and (103) YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films by alternating exposure of the YBCO film surfaces to methylcyclohexane solutions of ultrapure Zr(OPrn)4 and n-propanol solutions of H2O. The electrical properties of silver/zirconia/YBCO sandwiches derived from such bilayers were studied using planar tunneling spectroscopy. These studies showed that ultrathin zirconia films can serve as viable tunnel barriers below the YBCO superconducting phase transition temperature. According to atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the zirconia films were remarkably conformal, uniform, and pinhole-free.
CORRELATIONS FOR A NEW PERSONALITY TEST WITH AGE, EDUCATION, INTELLIGENCE, AND THE MMPI-2 '

Summary.-To gain better understanding of a new personality test (The Self-perception Test), scores on its 11 scales were correlated with age, education, and intelligence among 76 caddates for hire or promotion-and with the MMPI-2 among 45 additional candidates. As age increased, subjects perceived themselves to be less wild and sexy but more logical, thorough, and honest. With increasing intelligence, subjects appeared somewhat less inclined to "fake good." The L and K scales of the MMPI-2 correlated negatively with the unfavorable Self-perception Test scales (Depressed, Crabby, and Shy), but positively with the favorable scales (Good-looking, Sociable, Thorough, Logical, Considerate, and Honest). The reverse was true of the F, Pt, Sc, and Si scales. The Depression scales of the MMPI-2 and the new test were not significantly correlated, probably because they measure depression differently (viz., indirectly vs directly) and because subjects were job applicants rather than clinical patients. The purpose of the two studies reported herein was to establish the meanings (or gain a better understanding) of 11 trait scales of a newly developed personality test by correlating scale scores with age, education, and mental ability, and with the 13 basic scales of the MMPI-2. The Selfperception Test was developed and refined over several years using a number of university-student and job-applicant groups. It consists of 11 trait scales whose alpha reliability coefficients range from .87 to .94 with eight of the 11 scales at or above .90 (Thumin & Barclay, 1993). In attempting to "fake good," job applicants scored relatively low on three scales which are essentially unfavorable scales from the perspective of a job applicant (viz., Depressed, Crabby, and Shy). Conversely, job applicants attempted to "fake good" by scoring high on seven essentially desirable scales for an applicant (Good-looking, Aggressive, Sociable, Thorough, Logical, Considerate, and Honest). Only on the Wild scale was there no significant difference between job applicants and the control group. Subjects There were 76 subjects in the first investigation, all of whom were applicants for a variety of professional positions (including sales, accounting, management, and engineering). The group had a mean age of 34.9 yr. (a = 93, and consisted of 57 men (75%) and 19 women (25%). On average, the group had completed approximately three years of college work (M = 88.3
University-based technology initiatives: Quantitative and qualitative evidence

Abstract This article discusses salient trends in university-based technology initiatives in the United States and Europe, and it summarizes the papers contained in this special issue.
Toxicity testing of sediment elutriates based on inhibition of alpha-glucosidase biosynthesis in Bacillus licheniformis

An assay based on inhibition of a-glucosidase biosynthesis (AGB) inBacillus licheniformis was used to test the toxicity of sediment elutriates from hazardous waste sites in Florida. The assay gave the same general classification of toxicity as Microtox in 85% of the 66 elutriates screened. For the ten most inhibitory elutriates, the AGB assay consistently gave lower EC50s than Microtox. These samples were the highest in concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc of all those screened, suggesting that the AGB assay is particularly sensitive to heavy metals.
False Memory 1/20th of a Second Later What the Early Onset of Boundary Extension Reveals About Perception

Errors of commission are thought to be caused by heavy memory loads, confusing information, lengthy retention intervals, or some combination of these factors. We report false memory beyond the boundaries of a view, boundary extension, after less than 1/20th of a second. Photographs of scenes were interrupted by a 42-ms or 250-ms mask, 250 ms into viewing, before reappearing or being replaced with a different view (Experiment 1). Postinterruption photographs that were unchanged were rated as closer up than the original views; when the photographs were changed, the same pair of closer-up and wider-angle views was rated as more similar when the closer view was first, rather than second. Thus, observers remembered preinterruption views with extended boundaries. Results were replicated when the interruption included a saccade (Experiment 2). The brevity of these interruptions has implications for visual scanning; it also challenges the traditional distinction between perception and memory. We offer an alternative conceptualization that shows how source monitoring can explain false memory after an interruption briefer than an eyeblink.
Molecular weight determination by isothermic microdistillation.

The previously described “parallel twin capillary” modification ofBarger's method for the determination of molecular weight by isothermic microdistillation, has been superceded by the “opposed twin capillary” method described above.
Use of continuous glucose monitoring in normoglycemic, insulin-resistant women

The purpose of this study was to compare fasting and post-prandial glucose concentrations measured in venous blood with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived values, with and without prior exercise, in insulin-resistant, normoglycemic women. Interstitial and venous glucose concentrations were assessed in ten sedentary, overweight/obese African-American women following a sedentary condition (75 min of rest) and following an exercise condition (75 min of brisk walking on a treadmill). Ninety minutes after rest or exercise, participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In response to the OGTT, CGM-derived glucose area under the curves (AUC) were lower than venous values in the exercise condition (−25%, p = 0.03) but this difference was attenuated in the sedentary condition (−10%, p = 0.09). Additionally, CGM-derived absolute glucose values (mMol) were significantly lower compared to venous values during the sedentary (p = 0.007) and exercise conditions (p = 0.006). Overall, there was a moderately strong relationship between venous and CGM-derived glucose AUC (r 2 = 0.68) but the CGM-derived values were consistently lower in this study group. Although CGM provided more information regarding post-prandial glucose responses, these results suggest that CGM may not closely match venous glucose measurements in normoglycemic participants.
Increasing choices for HIV therapy.

The field of antiretroviral therapy has witnessed remarkable progress during the past 15 years. There are now 16 approved therapeutic agents for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a pathogen that once caused nearly uniformly fatal illness. These agents target two essential enzymes of the virus, the reverse transcriptase and the protease (see Figure). The era of potent antiretroviral therapy, also termed highly active antiretroviral therapy, began in 1996 and has been marked by dramatic declines in morbidity and mortality due to HIV disease in the developed world. These advances have not been without their cost in terms of . . .
Tetrasilacyclobutadiylidene: the lowest energy cyclic isomer of singlet Si4H4?

Abstract Ab initio molecular electronic structure theory has been used to continue the investigation of four-membered-ring structures on the Si 4 H 4 singlet potential energy surface. At the double-zeta plus polarization (DZP) self-consistent-field (SCF) level of theory five new cyclic structures are predicted to be minima, with three of these lying lower in energy than the hitherto predicted lowest energy isomer, tetrasilacyclobutadiylidene. Thus tetrasilacyclobutadiylidene is not the lowest energy cyclic isomer of Si 4 H 4 . With inclusion of electron correlation through the configuration interaction (CI) method, the lowest-energy isomer is found to be a C s puckered-ring silicon analogue of 1,2-cyclobutadiene. This structure is predicted to lie 51 kcal mol −1 below the previously reported tetrasilatetrahedrane.
A tipping point for mistranslation and disease

Two papers present strong evidence that the codon-anticodon interaction is poised on a tipping point so that, given a nudge, the tRNA can insert the wrong amino acid into the growing polypeptide chain, leading to translational fidelity loss.
Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid

A complementary DNA encoding a salicylic acid (SA)-binding protein has been cloned. Its properties suggest involvement in SA-mediated induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants. The sequence of the protein is similar to that of catalases and the protein exhibits catalase activity. Salicylic acid specifically inhibited the catalase activity in vitro and induced an increase in H2O2 concentrations in vivo. H2O2 or compounds, such as SA, that inhibit catalases or enhance the generation of H2O2, induced expression of defense-related genes associated with SAR. Thus, the action of SA in SAR is likely mediated by elevated amounts of H2O2.
Liquid chromatographic characterization of the deoxyribonucleoside-5’-phosphates and deoxyribonucleoside-3’,5’-bisphosphates obtained by32P-postlabeling of DNA

The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the characterization of the adducts formed by the32P-postlabeling of DNA is described. Adducts formed from the reaction of DNA with small molecules are characterized as deoxyribonucleoside-5′-monophosphates. Adducts formed from the reaction of DNA with larger molecules are characterized as 3′,5′-bisphosphates. In either case, good separations are obtained for adducts, other than methyl, by conventional reversed-phase chromatography using a C18 column. Ion-exchange chromatography can be used in selected circumstances where reversed-phase techniques are not successful. Using sample concentration techniques, sensitivities are achievable which make this technique applicable toin vivo situations.
Great principles in computing curricula

The nearly three dozen core technologies of computing sit in a simple framework defined by great principles and by computing practices. The great principles are of two kinds, mechanics and design. Computing mechanics comprises computation, communication, coordination, recollection, and automation. Design principles address concerns for complexity, resilience, performance, evolvability, and security. Practices comprise programming, systems, modeling, innovating, and applying. This framework opens many new possibilities for teaching computer science, including new approaches to programming. The new CS curriculum at the Naval Postgraduate School is based on the framework presented here.
Flux pinning and twin boundaries in YBa2Ca3O7-x

The (110) twin boundary separation d has been varied from 1500 AA to 300 AA by annealing polycrystalline samples in air at different temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 degrees C. The intragrain critical current density Jc and its in-field behaviour are strongly affected by the variation of the superconducting properties and the microstructures. Jc(H) has been found to drop more rapidly with increasing field as the d value decreases. This decrease in Jc with increasing field may be associated with the weak link effects created by the twin boundaries and a corresponding decrease in pinning effectiveness. The corresponding pinning mechanisms are discussed.
Increased Interhemispheric Interaction Is Associated with Decreased False Memories in a Verbal Converging Semantic Associates Paradigm.

Recent evidence indicates that task and subject variables that are associated with increased interaction between the left and right cerebral hemispheres result in enhanced performance on tests of episodic memory. The current study looked at the effects of increased interhemispheric interaction on false memories using a verbal converging semantic associates paradigm. In Experiment 1, strong right-handedness (which is associated with decreased interhemispheric interaction) was associated with higher rates of false memories. In Experiment 2, bilateral saccadic eye movements (which are associated with increases in interhemispheric interaction) were associated with fewer false memories. The results provide further support for an interhemispheric basis for episodic/explicit memory.
Effect of heat treatments on the volatile composition of coconut oil

Fresh coconut oil was heated under different conditions for 48 hr at 180 C. The heat treatments included heating in vacuo, heating in air and heating in air and water. The samples were distilled under high vacuum and the volatiles thus obtained were analyzed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all heated samples, a series of n-alkanes and I-alkenes, n-alkanals, methyl alkanones, alkenals, gamma-and delta-lactones, methyl and ethyl esters and free fatty acids were identified. The relative amounts of these compounds varied with the type of heat treatment to which the coconut oil was subjected.
Evidence That Activation Following Failed Defibrillation Is Not Caused by Triggered Activity

BACKGROUND Earliest postshock activation following failed defibrillation shocks slightly lower than the defibrillation threshold (DFT) in large animals appears to arise from a focus. We tested the hypothesis that these foci are caused by early or delayed afterdepolarizations (EADs or DADs) by performing epicardial electrical mapping and giving the EAD inhibitor pinacidil or the DAD inhibitor flunarizine to see if the foci were extinguished or altered in timing or location. METHODS AND RESULTS A sock containing 504 electrodes was placed over the entire ventricular epicardium of 12 open-chested pigs. After the DFT was determined and additional shocks given, pinacidil was administered to 6 pigs and flunarizine to 6 pigs. Then, the DFT was again determined and additional shocks were given. Pinacidil significantly shortened the effective refractory period (ERP) (162 +/- 16 vs 130 +/- 28 msec) and action potential duration (APD(90)) (179 +/- 6 vs 149 +/- 19 msec) and significantly increased the peak frequency of the power spectrum of a left ventricle (LV) electrode during ventricular fibrillation (VF) (9.3 +/- 0.6 vs 10.5 +/- 1.0 Hz), while flunarizine did not significantly alter the ERP (162 +/- 8 vs 167 +/- 18 msec) or APD(90) (187 +/- 12 vs 191 +/- 20) but significantly reduced the peak frequency (9.2 +/- 0.5 vs 7.5 +/- 1.0 Hz). These findings suggest the drugs had their expected electrophysiological effects. However, the DFT was not significantly changed by either drug. Following the same strength shock 10% below the predrug DFT, earliest postshock activation arose in a focal epicardial pattern from the anterior-apical LV both before and after the drugs. The time from the shock until the appearance of this activation was not significantly different before and after either drug. CONCLUSION The lack of change in DFT as well as the lack of change in the incidence, location, and timing of the postshock focus with sub-DFT strength shocks before and after pinacidil and flunarizine provide evidence that these foci are not caused by triggered activity.
The Transcriptome and Proteome of the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Reveal a Diverse Phosphorus Stress Response

Phosphorus (P) is a critical driver of phytoplankton growth and ecosystem function in the ocean. Diatoms are an abundant class of marine phytoplankton that are responsible for significant amounts of primary production. With the control they exert on the oceanic carbon cycle, there have been a number of studies focused on how diatoms respond to limiting macro and micronutrients such as iron and nitrogen. However, diatom physiological responses to P deficiency are poorly understood. Here, we couple deep sequencing of transcript tags and quantitative proteomics to analyze the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana grown under P-replete and P-deficient conditions. A total of 318 transcripts were differentially regulated with a false discovery rate of <0.05, and a total of 136 proteins were differentially abundant (p<0.05). Significant changes in the abundance of transcripts and proteins were observed and coordinated for multiple biochemical pathways, including glycolysis and translation. Patterns in transcript and protein abundance were also linked to physiological changes in cellular P distributions, and enzyme activities. These data demonstrate that diatom P deficiency results in changes in cellular P allocation through polyphosphate production, increased P transport, a switch to utilization of dissolved organic P through increased production of metalloenzymes, and a remodeling of the cell surface through production of sulfolipids. Together, these findings reveal that T. pseudonana has evolved a sophisticated response to P deficiency involving multiple biochemical strategies that are likely critical to its ability to respond to variations in environmental P availability.
Protected completions of first-order general logic programs

Minker and Perlis [15] have made the important observation that in certain circumstances, it might be desirable to prevent the inference of ⌝A when A is in the finite failure set of a logic program P. In this paper, we investigate the model-theoretic aspects of their proposal and develop a Fitting-style [5] declarative semantics for protected completions of general logic programs (containing function symbols). This extends the Minker-Perlis proposal which applies to function-free pure logic programs. In addition, an operational semantics is proposed and it is proven to be sound for existentially quantified positive queries and negative ground queries to general, canonical protected logic programs. Completeness issues are investigated and completeness is proved for positive existential queries and negative ground queries for the following classes of programs: (1) function-free general protected logic programs (the Minker-Perlis operational semantics apply to function-free pure protected logic programs), (2) pure protected logic programs (with function symbols) and (3) protected general logic programs that do not contain any internal variables (though they may contain function symbols).
Imaging of pediatric hip disorders.

Childhood hip disorders must be seen as a long-term process because their natural history may lead to the development of degenerative joint disease in the adult. 46 The outcome of any disorder that affects the shape of the head of the femur or the acetabulum is multifactorial. It is related to the pathophysiology of the disease, age at onset, duration of the condition, and the effect on the shape of the femoral head and acetabular development. Normal hip growth occurs as a result of genetically determined balanced growth of the acetabular and triradiate cartilages and the presence of a located femoral head. 34 The acetabular growth occurs through interstitial growth of the acetabular cartilage and appositional growth under the perichondrium. Interstitial growth also occurs in the triradiate cartilage, causing the hip joint to expand in diameter. Absence of a normal femoral head within the acetabulum during acetabular growth results in a flat shape to the femoral head and acetabulum. The concave shape of the normal acetabulum occurs because of the presence of a spherical femoral head in close apposition to the acetabulum. Most acetabular development occurs by age 8 years. In infancy, the entire proximal femur is cartilaginous including the femoral head, neck, and greater trochanter of the human hip. 44 Early ossification of the femoral head in the normal hip can be seen between ages 3 and 6 months in girls and 6 and 9 months in boys. In the normal femoral head, ossification begins in the center of the cartilage anlage.
Biochemical analysis of the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) transcriptional repression domain.

The Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain is a 75-amino acid transcriptional repressor module commonly found in eukaryotic zinc finger proteins. KRAB-mediated gene silencing requires binding to the RING-B box-coiled-coil domain of the corepressor KAP-1. Little is known about the biochemical properties of the KRAB domain or the KRAB.KAP-1 complex. Using purified components, a combination of biochemical and biophysical analyses has revealed that the KRAB domain from the KOX1 protein is predominantly a monomer and that the KAP-1 protein is predominantly a trimer in solution. The analyses of electrophoretic mobility shift assays, GST association assays, and plasmon resonance interaction data have indicated that the KRAB binding to KAP-1 is direct, highly specific, and high affinity. The optical biosensor data for the complex was fitted to a model of a one-binding step interaction with fast association and slow dissociation rates, with a calculated K(d) of 142 nm. The fitted R(max) indicated three molecules of KAP-1 binding to one molecule of the KRAB domain, a stoichiometry that is consistent with quantitative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the complex. These structural and dynamic parameters of the KRAB/KAP-1 interaction have implications for identifying downstream effectors of KAP-1 silencing and the de novo design of new repression domains.
Acute acepromazine overdose: clinical effects and toxicokinetic evaluation.

Introduction Acepromazine is a phenothiazine that is used exclusively in veterinary medicine for multiple purposes. Human overdoses are rarely reported and toxicokinetic data has never been reported. We present a case of intentional acepromazine overdose resulting in central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity with confirmatory toxicokinetic data.
Pediatric maxillofacial fractures

Maxillofacial fractures are relatively rare in the pediatric population. However, the consequences of such fractures can be very profound. Age-specific variations occur with regards to particular fracture types. We review these specific types of fractures, their etiologies, appropriate diagnostic studies, and early management.
Two new species for the flora of Panama

Two new species from upland Panama,Licania chiriquiensis Prance (Chrysobalanaceae), andDichapetalum gentryi Prance. (Dichapetalaceae), are described and illustrated, and their relationships within their respective genera are discussed.
Accurate and traceable dimensional metrology with a reference CD-SEM

NIST is currently developing two Reference scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), which are based on FEI Nova 600* variable vacuum, and on FEI Helios* dual-beam instruments. These were installed in the new Advanced Metrology Laboratory at NIST where the temperature variation is under 0.1 C° and the humidity variation is under 1%. Both SEMs are equipped with field emission electron guns and are capable of better than 1 nm spatial resolution. The ESEM has large sample capability, allowing for measurements on 200 mm wafers, 300 mm wafers and 150 mm photolithography masks, with a 100 mm by 100 mm measurement area in the center. The dual-beam instrument's laser stage will work on smaller samples and has a 50 mm by 50 mm measurement area. The variable vacuum instrument is especially suitable for measurements on a large and diverse set of samples without the use of conductive coating. These will be among the most scrutinized of SEMs. A detailed, thorough work of combined measurements and optimization of the SEMs themselves is underway, which includes the assessment of resolution, signal transfer characteristics, distortion and noise characteristics in various working modes. Accurate three-dimensional modeling, including all aspects of beam formation, signal generation, detection and processing is under development. Establishment of modeling and measurement methods to ascertain the threedimensional shape and size of the electron beam is also underway. All these are needed to properly interpret the obtained data in accurate, physics-based measurements and will permit three-dimensional size and shape determination on a scale ranging from a few nanometers up to a few centimeters. Accuracy and traceability will be ensured through calibrated laser interferometry.
Temporal and spatial expression of laminin, collagen types IV and I and α 6/β 1 integrin receptor in the developing rat parotid gland

We have examined the temporal expression and cellular localization of the genes and proteins for the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins laminin (B1, B2 and A chain), collagen types alpha 1 (IV) and alpha 1 (I) and the integrin receptor complex alpha 6/beta 1, during parotid gland postnatal development. Laminin B1 and B2 isoforms and collagens alpha 1 (IV) and alpha 1 (I) mRNA steady-state levels were highest at ages 0, 7 and 14 days after birth and declined to the adult (90 days) level at 21 days and older. Laminin A chain transcripts were not detected at any age. Collagen alpha 1 (IV) and laminin were localized in the basal membrane of the developing acinar and ductal cells, while collagen alpha 1 (I) was localized in the stroma surrounding the cells. The amounts of these ECM components were high at the early stages of development and lower at later times. The pattern of expression of the alpha 6/beta 1 integrin genes during development was similar to those of laminin and collagens alpha 1 (IV) and alpha 1 (I). Accumulations of mRNA were high at 0, 7 and 14 days after birth and lower at 21 days and older. High levels of beta 1 integrin were localized in the developing acinar and ductal cell membranes at early ages (7 days); lower amounts were present in the same distribution pattern at later stages of gland development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Size and position are incongruous: Measurements on the Müller-Lyer figure

The congruence between perception of position and perception of size was measured for MullerLyer figures. Subjects were able to set a computer-controlled dot below each apex of the illusion figures with very slight error. Under the same stimulus conditions, large size illusions were obtained as expected. Not only does this finding rule out many explanations of the Muller-Lyer illusion, but it also shows that size cannot be derived from a representation of spatial positions. In a second experiment, using brief exposures and a staircase technique, systematic position errors were found. These did not account in either magnitude or direction for the size illusions obtained for the same figures.
More on Quine's Dilemma of Underdetermination

Summary Quine's doctrine of underdetermination of physical theory presents him with a dilemma: Should he say of two global theory formulations that are empirically equivalent, logically compatible, equally simple, but which cannot be rendered logically equivalent by any known reconstrual of predicates, that they are both true (the ecumenical view) or that only one of them is true (the sectarian view)? If the former, then Quine's commitment to naturalism is at risk; if the latter, then his commitment to empiricism is at risk. When confronted with the dilemma Quine initially opted for the sectarian view. A.C. Genova finds Quine's sectarian resolution of the dilemma unsatisfactory. He advocates, instead, an ecumenical resolution of the dilemma which, he maintains, is compatible with Quine's (and Davidson's) most prominent views. I disagree; I argue that Genova's way out involves a relativistic notion of true that is incompatible with Quine's (and Davidson's) absolutist view of truth. I then present Quine's latest thoughts on the dilemma of underdetermination. Resume La doctrine de Quine sur la sous-determination de la theorie physique place celuici devant un dilemme: doit-il dire, de deux formulations ?une theorie globale qui sont empiriquement equivalentes, logiquement compatibles, egalement simples, mais qui ne peuvent etre rendues logiquement equivalentes par aucune reinterpretation connue des predicats, qu'elles sont toutes deux vraies (these oecumenique) ou qu'une seule ?entre elles est vraie (these sectaire)?— Dans le premier cas, ľengagement de Quine pour le naturalisme est menace, dans le second, c'est son engagement pour l'empirisme qui est menace. Place devant ce dilemme, Quine a ?abord choisi la these sectaire. A.C. Genova trouve insuffisante cette solution sectaire du dilemme. II defend au contraire une solution oecumenique qui, pretend-il, est compatible avec les theses principales de Quine (et de Davidson). Je conteste; je montre que la solution de Genova suppose une conception relativiste de la verite qui est incompatible avec la conception absolutiste de Quine (et de Davidson). Je presente ensuite les dernieres positions de Quine sur le dilemme de la sous-determination. Zusammenfassung Quines Doktrin von der Unterbestimmtheit physikalischer Theorien konfrontiert ihn mit einem Dilemma: Sollte er von zwei globalen, empirisch aquivalenten, logisch kompatiblen und gleich einfachen Theorieformulierungen, die durch keine bekannte Rekonstruktion der Pradikate logisch aquivalent gemacht werden konnen, behaupten, dass sie beide wahr sind (die okumenische Position) oder dass nur eine von ihnen wahr ist (die sektiererische Position)? Entscheidet sich Quine fur ersteres, so gerat sein Naturalismus ins Wanken; entscheidet er sich fur letzteres, so ist sein Empirismus bedroht. Als Quine mit dem Dilemma konfrontiert worden ist, entschied er sich
Impact of aggressive histology and location of primary tumor on the efficacy of surgical therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin

Background Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal origin increases survival (OS) compared to systemic chemotherapy alone. Signet ring histology demonstrates aggressive behavior with poor survival. We sought to determine whether CRS/HIPEC increases survival in this subset of patients.
Immune response to heavy exertion

Nieman, David C. Immune response to heavy exertion. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1385–1394, 1997.—Epidemiological data suggest that endurance athletes are at increased risk for upper respiratory tract ...
Investigation of aqueous biphasic systems formed from solutions of chaotropic salts with kosmotropic salts (salt–salt ABS)

A study of salt–salt aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) was conducted to increase our understanding of solutions of kosmotropic vs. chaotropic salts, especially since most ionic liquids (ILs) fall within the latter class. The salting-out strength of the kosmotropic salts follows the well established Hofmeister series, as observed in polymer–salt ABS, and can be directly related to the ions' Gibbs free energies of hydration (ΔGhyd). Most currently studied ILs are designed to have chaotropic cations and are thus salted-out by kosmotropic salts. Here, we describe the phase diagrams for imidazolium-, pyridium-, and quaternary ammonium- and phosphonium-based chloride salts (all chaotropic salts) salted-out by K3PO4, K2HPO4, K2CO3, KOH, and (NH4)2SO4 (all kosmotropic salts). The Gibbs free energy of methylene transfer (ΔGCH2) was also determined for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl)/K3PO4, K2HPO4, and K2CO3 ABS. The latter results are in the range of an ethanol–water to a chloroform–water system, and can be controlled predominately by the system composition.
Standardization of Methods of Expressing Lengths and Weights of Fish

Abstract Fishery workers in the United States and Canada are unable to think readily in terms of the metric system of weights and measurements. Even long experience does not make it possible to form a clear idea as to the actual size of fish for which lengths and weights are given in metric units, without first converting to the English system. A more general adoption of the English system of weights and measurements in fishery work is recommended. The use of English units exclusively is suggested for articles of a popular or semi-popular nature, but in more formal publications the key information, at least, should be recorded in both systems. In highly technical papers metric units alone may prove satisfactory. Eight standard lengths, the fork length, and two total lengths of fish have been employed in fishery work. Although the standard length, under one or another of its several definitions, has enjoyed the widest use in the past, opinion is well-nigh unanimous today that we should turn to some other m...
Interview with Celia Schiffer

Celia Schiffer, a Professor in Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; a former Director of UMass Center for AIDS Research; and a Founder and Co-Director for the Institute for Drug Resistance (University of Massachusetts Medical School, MA, USA). Schiffer has an undergraduate degree in physics from the University of Chicago, with a PhD in biophysics from University of California, San Francisco (CA, USA). She was a postdoctoral associate first at the ETH in Zurich and then at Genentech in San Francisco. Schiffer has published more than 100 peer reviewed journal articles. Her laboratory primarily uses structural biology, biophysical and chemistry techniques to study the molecular basis for drug resistance in anti-virals including: HIV, Hepatitis C, Influenza and Dengue. Her laboratory designs, synthesizes and tests new antiviral inhibitors that should be more robust to resistance. She has overseen more than US$30 million in research funding. She is also an outstanding mentor and educator, receiving a facul...
The Challenge of Teaching for Change.

In summarizing the shared themes of the authors of the previous chapters, this chapter explores the role of the transformative educator, the transformative classroom environment, the transformative text, and the student when teaching for change.
Iris Verification and ANOVA for Iris Image Quality

Iris recognition has been acknowledged as the most accurate method in biometrics that is one of main automated identification technologies. The iris image quality and iris verification of eyes in dark brown, regular brown, hazel, green, and blue was tested. The effects of eyeglasses and contact lenses on the iris image quality score and iris verification were investigated, respectively. The investigated results indicate that the iris verifications with eyeglasses or contact lenses can still be successful although both eyeglasses and contact lenses decrease iris image quality. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the iris image quality of three eye colors (dark brown, hazel, and blue) was conducted to study the difference in the image quality due to the eye colors. The ANOVA results show there is no significant difference in the iris image quality of eyes in dark brown, hazel, and blue at the 0.05 level of significance.
An Optimization Approach to Single-Bit Quantization

This paper presents an optimization approach to single-bit quantization. The paper starts by redefining single-bit quantization as a maximum-likelihood sequence detection problem and by showing that the Viterbi algorithm is its optimal solution. It also shows that the conventional ?? converter implements a greedy solution to the same optimization problem. There is, moreover, a continuum of solutions with different degrees of complexity between the ??s and the Viterbi solution. The paper details one such intermediate-complexity solution (based on the M-algorithm) and demonstrates that with an appropriate noise shaping filter it achieves a performance very close to the optimal Viterbi solution. The paper concludes by presenting two procedures for designing effective noise shaping filters.
Non-Adaptation of Alcoholics to Sensory Stimuli:

After an S has been exposed for a rime to a novel stimulus serially presented, alerting or orienting responses usually extinguish and adaptation takes place. There is speculation concerning the underlying neuro-physiological mechanisms of the adaptation process. Dykman, el al. (1959) postulate that adaptation is mediated cortically rather than subcortically. Since cortical cerebral damage reportedly is present in most chronic and many intermediate-stage alcoholics (Bennett, 1960), their adaptation performance seems especially relevant. This pilot study involved 28 chronic alcoholics. Ss were presented a light ( . 2 5 w, 2.5 v) 5 sec. in duration, once every 30 sec., for 10 trials. The light bulb was positioned approximately one inch before the right eye. Following this a similar series of cones (680 cps, 60 db ) , was presented through earphones. Continuous recording of palmar skin resistance was made by a Fels Dermohmmeter and an Esterline-Angus recorder. Measurement of GSR was made from the beginning of a response, usually within 2 sec. of stimulus onset, to maximum deflection. If average response to Trials 8, 9, and 10 was less than rhar to Trials 1, 2, and 3, S alas said to have adapted. Also, Ss were administered the Bender-Gestalt test, to assess organic deficit, and the Vocabulary subtest of the WAIS, as a crude screening for mental deficiency. Thirteen Ss failed to adapt to one or both stimulus series. Twenty-three Ss had Bender scores indicative of pathology (Pascal & Suttell, 1951). Bender scores were corrected for correlation (-0.56, f i < .01) with Vocabulary. Corrected scores differentiated between Ss adapting to both series and those failing to do so (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < .01). Ss who adapted had lower Bender scores. The failure of alcoholics to adapt to sensory stimuli may be a tentative lead in support of the notion of cortical mediation of adaptation. Stronger confirmation will require direct evidence of locus and extent of brain damage and the specific action of alcohol on adaptation. Further studies are under way incorporating a control group and utilizing electroencephalographic and neurological examinations.