cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect

Reliable detections of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect exist for only a few clusters of galaxies although many observations exhibit random errors < 0.5 mK. Several observational techniques are in use and particular promise for future improvements in the measurements are shown by sub-millimetre work with single dishes and centimetre-wavelength observations with small, dedicated interferometers. The three best-observed clusters display effects which are clearly associated with the X-ray emitting intracluster gas, and which can be used to investigate the properties of this gas and to estimate the value of the Hubble constant.
How is safety climate formed? A meta-analysis of the antecedents of safety climate:

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive quantitative review of research to date on the antecedents of psychological and organizational safety climate. Building upon and exp...
Multifunctional Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing 2-Aryloxazolo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (N^N) Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Photophysics, Mechanochromic/Vapochromic Effects, and Reverse Saturable Absorption.

A series of 2-aryloxazolo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligands (N^N ligands) and their cationic iridium(III) complexes (1–11, aryl = 4-NO2-phenyl (1), 4-Br-phenyl (2), Ph (3), 4-NPh2-phenyl (4), 4-NH2-phenyl (5), pyridin-4-yl (6), naphthalen-1-yl (7), naphthalen-2-yl (8), phenanthren-9-yl (9), anthracen-9-yl (10), and pyren-1-yl (11)) were synthesized and characterized. By introducing different electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents at the 4-position of the 2-phenyl ring (1–5), or different aromatic substituents with varied degrees of π-conjugation (6–11) on oxazolo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand, we aim to understand the effects of terminal substituents at the N^N ligands on the photophysics of cationic Ir(III) complexes using both spectroscopic methods and quantum chemistry calculations. Complexes with the 4-R-phenyl substituents adopted an almost coplanar structure with the oxazolo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline motif, while the polycyclic aryl substituents (except for naphthalen-2-yl) wer...
Mathematical Quantification of the Impact of Microstructure on the Various Effective Properties of Bones

Abstract The goal of this paper is to quantify the influence of microstructure on effective properties of cancellous bones by the fabric tensor, a tool well developed in the biomedical community and by the integral representation formula (IRF), which is well studied in the mathematical materials science community. The focus is on permeability tensor and the tortuosity tensor. The implications of IRF on the viscodynamic properties of the poroelastic composites is discussed from an analytical point of view. Numerical calculations of the fabric tensors and the static permeability tensors of three cancellous bone samples are also presented. Future direction for combining the advantages of both approaches is also discussed in this paper.
Lagrange Dual Method for Sparsity Constrained Optimization

In this paper, we investigate the $l_{0}$ quasi-norm constrained optimization problem in the Lagrange dual framework and show that the strong duality property holds. Motivated by the property, we propose a Lagrange dual method for the sparsity constrained optimization problem. The method adopts the bisection search technique to maximize the Lagrange dual function. For each Lagrange multiplier, we adopt the iterative hard thresholding method to minimize the Lagrange function. We show that the proposed method converges to an $L$ -stationary point of the primal problem. Computational experiments and comparisons on a number of test instances (including random compressed sensing instances and random and real sparse logistic regression instances) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in generating sparse solution accurately.
The Relationship Between Mixed Race/Ethnicity, Developmental Assets, and Mental Health Among Youth

This study assessed whether high school youth with mixed race/ethnicity are at greater risk for poor mental health conditions compared to their single race/ethnic counterparts and whether this mental health risk can be mitigated by youth developmental assets regardless of one's race/ethnicity. Methods involved secondary data analysis of the 2009-2013 Youth Risk Behavioral Survey-Anchorage, Alaska subsample. Difference in rates of mental health conditions and mean number of developmental assets (protective factors) were assessed among three racial/ethnic groups. Logistic regression models tested whether race/ethnicity has an independent association with mental health conditions and whether there is an interaction effect between race/ethnicity and protective factors. Results show that, compared to white students, mixed race/ethnic students have significantly higher rates of poor mental health condition and significantly fewer protective factors. A significant interaction effect between race/ethnicity and protective factors was also found, showing decreasing likelihood of poor mental health condition with increasing number of protective factors among all racial/ethnic groups. However, this effect was more pronounced among white students compared to both mixed and single race/ethnicity minority students. Study findings indicate that youth of mixed race/ethnicity are more likely to be at risk for poor mental health outcomes, yet less likely to mitigate this risk even with similar number of external developmental assets as their single race/ethnic counterparts. More research is needed to further understand the differential effect of certain developmental assets among different racial/ethnic groups.
An Estimated Compliance Index Derived from Intracranial Pressure Recording

The purpose of this study is to test the validity of a proposed compliance index, percent change of compliance per mmHg of intracranial pressure (%CC/mmHg), by comparison of values of the index with corresponding experimentally derived values of compliance. The derivation of %CC/mmHg is based on two assumptions: 1) the pressure-volume characteristic of the craniospinal sac can be linearized for small perturbations about an equilibrium; and 2) during a brief interval in which these perturbations occur the pathophysiologic state of the sac does not significantly change.
Social Interaction in Databases

The advent of the social web has made user-generated content a focus of research. Such content is already available in the form of tags, blogs, comments, etc., in many Web sites. Experience with social Web sites has shown that users tend to have a say about the data: they may interpret the same data in somewhat different ways, or may be able to add detail to it, enriching the existing contents. When users are able to enter information in a format-free manner, they tend to do so and may provide additional semantics to the data. The success of tagging clearly indicates that users are willing to provide content when this can be done in a manner that is natural to the users. Past research shows that the tags that users add to items in many Web sites are, as a whole, excellent descriptors of the contents of the items themselves and can be fruitfully used for several tasks, like improving search or clustering of the item set [1–3]. Overall, the amount of user-created content is growing at a fast rate.
Deciding on Network Architecture for 3G Wireless Services

The demand for high speed data services, such as multimedia and interactive information services, is increasing. Since such data services are a potential source of network service provider profit, third generation (3G) technology is being developed to support them. Further, this emerging wireless network technology will ultimately result in a much more complex network and service environment. With increasing technological complexity and uncertainty wireless network operators require more flexible network architectures to achieve and maintain competitive advantage. However, since the complete replacement of existing wireless network architecture is not practicable, technology choice in the migration of existing networks requires that carrier management examine options available as a strategic decision. To allow strategic analysis of the possible evolution of wireless networks and their architectures—innovation (ITh, Henderson and Clark 1990) and real options (RO, Dixit and Pindyck 1994) theory—are introduced. (1990) examine why some firms are able to leverage innovations. RO allows the linking of strategic planning and financial strategy by determining a value for an uncertain opportunity. Clearly, the potential exists to employ ITh to analyze wireless network technology evolution and architecture, and RO to support strategic decision-making. The principal motivation for this study is to develop a conceptual framework through which wireless network operators can support their strategic decisions concerning next generation network architecture. Accordingly, typical network architecture migration path alternatives, global systems for mobile communications (GSM) and code division multiple access (CDMA) based network scenarios, are examined using ITh. Strategic options for network migration as a means to manage wireless network architecture evolution based on the RO are also discussed.
Conversation with Julia Annas

Professor Annas, you are very well known in continental Europe, and particularly in Italy, for your works on ancient philosophy, most of which are available in translation and extensively studied. Could you tell us how and why at some point you turned to virtue ethics, and proposed your own original theoretical proposal? What are the cornerstones of your virtue-ethical approach, and which of your own works do you think are crucial to it? What are in your view the main challenges virtue ethics has to face these days?
Stochastic and spatio-temporal analysis of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in South Korea, 2015.

Abstract South Korea was free of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) until 2015. The MERS outbreak in South Korea during 2015 was the largest outbreak of the Coronavirus outside the Middle East. The major characteristic of this outbreak is inter- or intra-hospital transmission. This recent MERS outbreak in South Korea is examined and assessed in this paper. The main objectives of the study is to characterize the pattern of the MERS outbreak in South Korea based on a basic reproductive ratio, the probability of ultimate extinction of the disease, and the spatio-temporal proximity of occurrence between patients. The survival function method and stochastic branching process model are adapted to calculate the basic reproductive ratio and the probability of ultimate extinction of the disease. We further investigate the occurrence pattern of the outbreak using a spatio-temporal autocorrelation function.
The 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension: what’s old is new

In February 2018, the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) brought together experts from various disciplines to review the most relevant clinical and scientific advances in the field of PH over the last 5 years. Based on careful review and discussions by members of the different task forces, major revisions were made on the hemodynamic definition for various forms of PH and new genes were added to the list of genetic markers associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. In addition, the use of risk stratification tools was encouraged as a strategy to reduce one-year mortality risk in PAH patients through early implementation of PAH therapies. While members of the medical community are still debating some of the proposed changes, the new WSPH guidelines advocate early diagnosis and initiation of combination therapy to reduce mortality and improve quality of life in patients with PH.
Genotypic variation in parasite avoidance behaviour and other mechanistic, nonlinear components of transmission.

Traditional epidemiological models assume that transmission increases proportionally to the density of parasites. However, empirical data frequently contradict this assumption. General yet mechanis...
High Levels of Oxidative Stress and Skin Microbiome are Critical for Initiation and Development of Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice

A balanced redox state is critical for proper healing. Although human chronic wounds are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress (OS), whether OS levels are critical for chronic wound development is not known. For these studies, we used our chronic wound model in diabetic mice that has similar characteristics as human chronic wounds, including naturally developed biofilm. We hypothesize that OS levels in wound tissues are critical for chronic wound initiation and development. We show that increased OS levels in the wound correlate with increased chronicity. Moreover, without increased OS levels, biofilm taken from chronic wounds and placed in new excision wounds do not create chronic wounds. Similarly, high OS levels in the wound tissue in the absence of the skin microbiome do not lead to chronic wounds. These findings show that both high OS levels and bacteria are needed for chronic wound initiation and development. In conclusion, OS levels in the wound at time of injury are critical for biofilm formation and chronic wound development and may be a good predictor of the degree of wound chronicity. Treating such wounds might be accomplished by managing OS levels with antioxidants combined with manipulation of the skin microbiome after debridement.
Partners in school: An example of care coordination to ensure consistency of evidence-based practices across home and school for youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) and the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) mandate that families participate in shared decision-making with schools. For youth who receive special education services, such as those who have ASD, having parents and teachers aligned in their practices is even more crucial. Unfortunately, consistency of evidence-based practices (EBP) across home and school is rarely experienced. This chapter describes the development of Partners in School, an example of coordinating care between home and school settings for youth with ASD. The goal of Partners in School is to ensure that parents and teachers are implementing the same EBPs in the same way (i.e., consistently). It draws from the literature on school consultation, business negotiations, and health communication/shared decision-making. The scientific literature is merged with the perspectives of parents and teachers of elementary students with ASD from a large urban school district. The chapter begins by anchoring this approach on the empirical evidence for family–school partnerships, and then concludes by describing the implications of Partners in School for care coordination.
Care Intensity During Transport to the Critical Care Resuscitation Unit: Transport Clinician's Role.

Abstract Objective Patients are often transferred between hospitals for a higher level of care. Critically ill patients require high-intensity care after transfer, but their care intensity during transport is unknown. We studied transport clinicians’ management for patients who had time-sensitive or critical illnesses and were transferred to a critical care resuscitation unit (CCRU) at a quaternary academic center. Methods We prospectively surveyed transport clinicians who brought interhospital transport patients to the CCRU between March 1, 2019, and January 8, 2020. The primary outcome was care intensity during transport, which was defined as new interventions rendered by transport clinicians. Results We analyzed 852 surveys. Seventy-four percent of transports occurred by ground, and 54% originated from emergency departments. Up to 19% of patients received 2 or more interventions, whereas 29% received at least 1 intervention during transport. Ventilator management occurred in 25% of cases. When adjusting for known confounders, respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome, air transport, and contacting the CCRU attending physicians en route were associated with a higher likelihood of an intervention during transport. Conclusion Transport clinicians provided new interventions in 48% of patients being transferred to the CCRU. Patients with respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome and those transported by helicopter emergency medical services were more likely to receive interventions en route.
Inhibition of histone acetyltranserase function radiosensitizes CREBBP/EP300 mutants via repression of homologous recombination, potentially targeting a novel gain of function

Despite radiation forming the curative backbone of over 50% of malignancies, there are no genomically-driven radiation sensitizers for clinical use. We performed in vivo shRNA screening to identify targets generally associated with radiation response as well as those exhibiting a genomic dependency. This identified the histone acetyltransferases CREBBP/EP300 as a target for radiosensitization in combination with radiation in cognate mutant tumors. Further in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed this phenomenon was due to repression of homologous recombination following DNA damage and can be reproduced using chemical inhibition of histone acetyltransferase (HAT), but not bromodomain function. Selected mutations in CREBBP lead to a hyperacetylated state that increases CBP and BRCA1 acetylation, representing a gain of function targets by HAT inhibition. Additionally, mutations in CREBBP/EP300 were associated with recurrence following radiation, in several squamous cell carcinoma cohorts. These findings represent both a novel mechanism of treatment resistance and the potential for genomically-driven treatment.
Effect of metformin on outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The effect of antidiabetic medications on AF or the outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) has not been well described. We sought to determine whether metformin treatment is associated with a lower risk of atrial arrhythmias after CA in patients with DM and AF. Methods and results A first CA was performed in 271 consecutive patients with DM and AF (age: 65 ± 9 years, women: 34%; and paroxysmal AF: 51%). At a median of 13 months after CA (interquartile range: 6-30), 100/182 patients (55%) treated with metformin remained in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drug therapy, compared with 36/89 patients (40%) not receiving metformin (p = .03). There was a significant association between metformin therapy and freedom from recurrent atrial arrhythmias after CA in multivariable Cox hazards models (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.66; ±95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.98; p = .04) that adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, AF type (paroxysmal vs. nonparoxysmal), antiarrhythmic medication, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left atrial diameter. A Cox model that also incorporated other antidiabetic agents and fasting blood glucose demonstrated a similar reduction in the risk of recurrent atrial arrhythmias with metformin treatment (HR: 0.63; ±95% CI: 0.42-0.96; p = .03). Conclusions In patients with DM, treatment with metformin appears to be independently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after CA for AF. Whether this effect is due to glycemic control or pleiotropic effects on electroanatomical mechanisms of AF remains to be determined.
Market power and urban housing development

This paper investigates the relationship between market power and urban housing development in a two-period, partial equilibrium model of a durable rental housing market with a fixed stock of homog...
Prevalence of perceived cognitive dysfunction in survivors of a wide range of cancers: results from the 2010 LIVESTRONG survey.

With cancer survivors now numbering over 13 million in the United States, and expected to continue to increase, it is important to consider the needs of this growing population. In the literature, one of the most common complaints by cancer survivors is perceived cognitive dysfunction. Since the preponderance of the research has focused on breast cancer survivors, the purpose of the present study was to explore the prevalence and correlates of perceived cognitive dysfunction in a large sample of cancer survivors with representation across a wide range of different types of cancer. A sample of 3108 post-treatment cancer survivors completed the 2010 LIVESTRONG survey as part of a larger study of cancer survivorship. Respondents completed standardized questions regarding current and past perceived cognitive dysfunction, as well as depressive symptoms, and demographic and medical variables. Current perceived cognitive dysfunction was reported by nearly half of respondents (45.7 %), across a wide range of cancer types, with the highest prevalence among survivors of central nervous system cancers. Receiving chemotherapy and current report of depressive symptoms were both strongly associated with current perceived cognitive dysfunction. These findings contribute to a growing appreciation of the high prevalence of perceived cognitive dysfunction in survivors of a wide range of cancer types and the potential interactive effect of concurrent symptoms of depression. These findings highlight a need to develop more effective means of preventing or reducing cognitive dysfunction in cancer survivors. Perceived cognitive dysfunction was reported in a wide range of cancer survivors. The potential interactive effect of symptoms of depression suggests the need to develop interventions targeting both cognitive dysfunction and depression to achieve improvements in cognitive functioning.
Is love ever enough?: teaching Shakespeare at the secondary level

This project addresses the teaching of the works of William Shakespeare in Iowa’s secondary schools. The research questions addressed are as follows: • Is Shakespeare still relevant in the twenty-first century secondary classroom? • Are Iowa 7-12 teachers following national and international research in regards to the teaching of Shakespeare in their classrooms? • How can teachers modify Shakespearean instruction to fit the needs of modern classrooms, focusing on the concept of differentiated instruction? Nine current and recently retired Iowa secondary English teachers were interviewed as part of the study. It was concluded that Iowa teachers with mid-level experience (tennineteen years) were the most successful at including Shakespeare in their 7-12 curriculum and using the concepts of differentiated instruction when planning and executing their Shakespeare lessons.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Differences Between Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Normal Controls in Human Frontal Cortex

Evidence supports a role for epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but little has been done on a genome-wide scale to identify potential sites involved in disease. This study investigates human postmortem frontal cortex genome-wide DNA methylation profiles between 12 LOAD and 12 cognitively normal age- and gender-matched subjects. Quantitative DNA methylation is determined at 27,578 CpG sites spanning 14,475 genes via the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray. Data are analyzed using parallel linear models adjusting for age and gender with empirical Bayes standard error methods. Gene-specific technical and functional validation is performed on an additional 13 matched pair samples, encompassing a wider age range. Analysis reveals 948 CpG sites representing 918 unique genes as potentially associated with LOAD disease status pending confirmation in additional study populations. Across these 948 sites the subtle mean methylation difference between cases and controls is 2.9%. The CpG site with a minimum false discovery rate located in the promoter of the gene Transmembrane Protein 59 (TMEM59) is 7.3% hypomethylated in cases. Methylation at this site is functionally associated with tissue RNA and protein levels of the TMEM59 gene product. The TMEM59 gene identified from our discovery approach was recently implicated in amyloid-β protein precursor post-translational processing, supporting a role for epigenetic change in LOAD pathology. This study demonstrates widespread, modest discordant DNA methylation in LOAD-diseased tissue independent from DNA methylation changes with age. Identification of epigenetic biomarkers of LOAD risk may allow for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
A Multiple Origin for Plastids and Mitochondria

The impressive homologies between mitochondria and plastids, on the one hand, and procaryotic organisms, on the other, make it almost certain that these important cellular organelles had their origin as independent organisms. The vast number of symbiotic relationships of all degrees of evolutionary antiquity which have been found in contemporary organisms point to the ease with which such relationships can be established. The presence of drainage agriculture probably indicates that populations exceeded the carrying capacity of the more easily cultivated land. When populations declined, following the conquest by Europeans, the drained fields were probably given up because of the large amount of labor required to cultivate them. Most of these lands are now used only for cattle, but could undoubtedly be reclaimed again for agriculture (46). However, the cost of such reclamation might be prohibitive where populations are sparse, transportation is poor, and distances to markets are long. The chinampas of Mexico are an exception, since there is a major urban market close at hand. The aboriginal cultures responsible for drainage ranged from the seminomadic Guato, to farm village and chiefdoms, to the high civilizations. The ridged-field farmers of the savannas were capable people but certainly not comparable to the farmers of the efficient and sophisticated states of the Andes and Mexico. Most of the drained-field systems could have been construted and managed through small-scale family and community co-operation, as in New Guinea, rather than through central political control. On the other hand, there does seem to be a frequent relationship between degree of agricultural intensification, population size, and complexity of social organization (47). Unfortunately, not much is known yet about the intensification process for drained-field cultivation or for other reclamation systems.
Liver Damage by Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells Is Fas Dependent

Ag stimulation of CD8 + lymphocytes in vivo results in their migration to various tissues as well as the activation of a cytolytic program involving perforin, TNF-α, and Fas ligand. The liver is one of the main sites for infiltration by activated CD8 + T cells, and this is followed by the death of hepatocytes. The contribution of the various cytolytic components to this process is unclear. Hepatocyte damage by CD8 + T cells was studied using the MHC class I-restricted OVA-specific TCR transgenic mouse (OT-1) to examine the contribution of Fas to hepatocyte death. Activated CD8 + T cells from both OT-1 and Fas-deficient OT-1 lpr mice migrated to the liver in similar numbers after OVA administration, but only in OT-1 mice was there evidence of significant hepatocyte damage histologically and by elevation of serum aspartate transaminase. These differences were not the result of inefficient induction of cytolytic activity in OT-1 lpr liver T cells, since they were as cytolytic in vitro as OT-1 liver T cells. This was supported by findings of similar high levels of message for perforin, TNF-α, and Fas ligand in liver lymphocytes from both mice. These findings demonstrate that following Ag activation, infiltrating liver CD8 + T lymphocytes induce hepatocyte damage in a Fas-dependent manner.
Efficient polyatomic interference reduction in plasma-source mass spectrometry via collision induced dissociation

Evidence is provided that illustrates quadrupole ion traps can be used to selectively attenuate strongly bound diatomic ions occurring at the same nominal mass as an analyte ion of interest. Dissociation rates for TaO+ (D0 ∼ 750 kJ mol−1) are found to be at least an order of magnitude larger than the loss rate of Au+ due to scattering under “slow heating” resonance excitation conditions at qz = 0.67 and using neon as the bath gas. This rate difference is sufficient for the selective removal of this strongly-bound diatomic ion over the loss of the Au+ at the same mass-to-charge ratio. Other examples of quadrupole ion trap CID for the selective reduction of common plasma-generated species are also evaluated by examining the dissociation of GdO+ in the presence of Yb+, and Cu2+ in the presence of Te+. In each case, a different method of applying the excitation signals is presented, and the attenuation rates for the diatomic species due to CID are substantially larger than scattering losses for the bare metal ions. Evidence is also presented that demonstrates CID can be accomplished in concert with a slow mass analysis scan, thereby providing a means of (1) eliminating polyatomic ions (formed in the plasma or reaction cell) over an extended mass range, (2) recovering metal ion signal from the metal-containing polyatomic ions, and (3) minimizing deleterious secondary reactions of product ions.
A Tale of Two Cities: The Residential Landlord’s Duty to Mitigate in New York

The 2008 decision of the New York Supreme Court's Appellate Division for the Second Department in Rios v. Carrillo brought stability to a previously uncertain area of landlord-tenant law: the duty of residential landlords to attempt to mitigate damages in the event of tenant abandonment. This article argues that in the instability that largely reigned prior to Rios, courts used the debate over what legal rule to apply in tenant abandonment cases as a tool to decide such cases based on flexible equitable standards that took into account the relative economic position of the parties and their degree of good faith. Because the New York court system accords weight to appellate precedent in part based on amount in controversy, and because Rios involved what can only be described as a luxury property, the Second Department's ruling has the perverse effect of subjecting economically insecure parties to solutions developed for far wealthier litigants. This article demonstrates the extent of this effect by reference to census data on households and housing markets, and argues that Rios was wrongly decided not only as a matter of legal analysis, but as a matter of policy.
Image formation challenges in the MOSAIC platform

The DARPA MOSAIC program applies multiscale optical design (shared objective lens and parallel array of microcameras) to the acquisition of high pixel count images. Interestingly, these images present as many challenges as opportunities. The imagery is acquired over many slightly overlapping fields with diverse focal, exposure and temporal parameters. Estimation of a consensus image, display of imagery at human-comprehensible resolutions, automated anomaly detection to guide viewer attention, and power management in a distributed electronic environment are just a few of the novel challenges that arise. This talk describes some of these challenges and presents progress to date.
A kinetic study of the reaction between nitrogen trifluoride and hydrogen atoms

Abstract High temperature ESR and mass spectrometric studies were made of the reaction between NF3 and hydrogen atoms in a moderately fast flow system. The relatively unreactive character of this pair of reactants is typified by the observation that essentially no reaction occurred at flow velocities of 350 cm sec 1 below 200 C. The formation of HF and N2 as products of the reaction was observed. Specific rate coefficients for the H + NF3 reaction as a function of temperature can be adequately described by the relation k 1 = (6.0 ± 2.5) × 10 11 exp[ (−13,200 ± 600) RT ] liter mole−1sec−1.
Practical and Theoretical Implications of Digitizing the Middle Ages

In her article "Practical and Theoretical Implications of Digitalizing the Middle Ages" Roberta Capelli discusses scholarship about and the teaching of medieval culture in digital humanities. While every medieval manuscript is an individual entity, displaying a series of unique and unrepeatable material, structural and aesthetic characteristics, digital devices are able to generate only twodimensional photographic reproductions. However, the digital medium brings about some major improvements in the study — and teaching — of medieval manuscripts because the hypertextual nature of its applications allows us to analyze synchronic and the diachronic dynamics simultaneously. From a theoretical point of view, the difference between the state of the manuscript taken as a material object and its status as a vector of intellectual values brings to light similarities between the notions of intellectual property and originality in traditional print and digital cultures. The increasing number of critical editions of medieval texts and manuscripts in digital form asks us to reshape the theoretical and conceptual-linguistic frameworks of textual criticism as a discipline. Capelli postulates that "hypertextual criticism" represents the study of philological theories and practices in light of new literacies and technologies. Roberta Capelli, "Practical and Theoretical Implications of Digitizing the Middle Ages" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 15.3 (2013): Thematic Issue Literacy and Society, Culture, Media, and Education. Ed. Kris Rutten and Geert Vandermeersche
A new imaging principle

It is shown that frequency sweeping a bistatic coherent transmitter-receiver system can give rise to a synthetic imaging aperture of effective length equal to the spacing between transmitter and receiver with an effective operating frequency that can approach the upper sweep limit. Practical considerations and areas of application are discussed.
Glacial Lake Musselshell: Late Wisconsin slackwater on the Laurentide ice margin in central Montana, USA

Abstract Cosmogenic surface exposure ages of glacial boulders deposited in ice-marginal Lake Musselshell suggest that the lake existed between 20 and 11.5 ka during the Late Wisconsin glacial stage (MIS 2), rather than during the Late Illinoian stage (MIS 6) as traditionally thought. The altitude of the highest ice-rafted boulders and the lowest passes on the modern divide indicate that glacial lake water in the Musselshell River basin reached at least 920–930 m above sea level and generally remained below 940 m. Exposures of rhythmically bedded silt and fine sand indicate that Lake Musselshell is best described as a slackwater system, in which the ice-dammed Missouri and Musselshell Rivers rose and fell progressively throughout the existence of the lake rather than establishing a lake surface with a stable elevation. The absence of varves, deltas and shorelines also implies an unstable lake. The changing volume of the lake implies that the Laurentide ice sheet was not stable at its southernmost position in central Montana. A continuous sequence of alternating slackwater lake sediment and lacustrine sheetflood deposits indicates that at least three advances of the Laurentide ice sheet occurred in central Montana between 20 and 11.5 ka. Between each advance, it appears that Lake Musselshell drained to the north and formed two outlet channels that are now occupied by extremely underfit streams. A third outlet formed when the water in Lake Musselshell fully breached the Larb Hills, resulting in the final drainage of the lake. The channel through the Larb Hills is now occupied by the Missouri River, implying that the present Missouri River channel east of the Musselshell River confluence was not created until the Late Wisconsin, possibly as late as 11.5 ka.
Achievement and Behavior Among Children of Welfare Recipients, Welfare Leavers, and Low-Income Single Mothers

This article examines the behavior and achievement of children infemale-headed families that were on welfare, that left welfare, and that were not on welfare in the3 years preceding the study. Data come from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement, a nationally representative sample of children under age 13 collected in 1997. The results suggest that there are both positive and negative outcomes of welfare transitions. Based upon our results, children whose mothers are able to leave and remain off welfare score consistently better on cognitive tests of their development. The transition period, however, is a difficult one. Children's emotional well-being may suffer during the parental transition from cash assistance to self-sufficiency.
The Expanding Role of NLRs in Antiviral Immunity

Nucleotide oligomerization and binding domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are a major constituent of the cytosolic innate immune-sensing machinery and participate in a wide array of pathways including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inflammasome, and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. NLRs have known roles in autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and infectious diseases. With respect to virus infection, NLRP3 is the most extensively studied NLR, including mechanisms of activation and inhibition. Furthermore, the importance of NLRP3 in both innate and adaptive immunity has been demonstrated. In comparison to NLRP3, the roles of other NLRs during virus infection are only just emerging. NLRC2 is an important activator of innate antiviral signaling and was recently found to mitigate inflammation during virus infection through autophagy. Finally, functions for NLRX1 in immune modulation and reactive oxygen species production require further examination and the importance of NLRC5 as a transactivator of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and antigen presentation is currently developing. In this review, we discuss current knowledge pertaining to viruses and NLRs as well as areas of potential research, which will help advance the study of NLR biology during virus infection.
Backbone motion in elastin's hydrophobic domains as detected by 2H NMR spectroscopy

The elasticity of vertebrate tissue originates from the insoluble, cross-linked protein elastin. Here, the results of variable-temperature 2H NMR spectra are reported for hydrated elastin that has been enriched at the Hα position in its abundant glycines. Typical powder patterns reflecting averaged quadrupolar parameters are observed for the frozen protein, as opposed to the two, inequivalent deuterons that are detected in a powder sample of enriched glycine. The spectra of the hydrated elastin at warmer temperatures are dominated by a strong central peak with features close to the baseline, reflective of both isotropic and very weakly anisotropic motions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:882–888, 2012.
Production and treatment of granulocytopenia and anemia in rats fed sulfonamides in purified diets.

(1) A severe granulocytopenia or anemia, or both, have been produced in rats fed sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine or sulfanilamide at a 1 per cent. level in purified diets. (2) Treatment with certain liver fractions orally has succeeded in correcting the granulocytopenia in four days and the anemia in about 10 days in spite of continued ingestion by these animals of the sulfonamide-containing diet.
Effects of Linker Length on the Rate and Selectivity of Platinum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of the Bis(isitylphosphino)alkanes IsHP(CH2)nPHIs (Is = 2,4,6-(i-Pr)3C6H2, n = 1−5)

Catalytic asymmetric alkylation of the bis(secondary phosphines) IsHP(CH2)nPHIs (1a−e, n = 1−5, Is = isityl = 2,4,6-(i-Pr)3C6H2) with benzyl bromide using the base NaOSiMe3 and the catalyst precursor Pt((R,R)-Me-DuPhos)(Ph)(Cl) gave the bis(tertiary phosphines) Is(PhCH2)P(CH2)nP(CH2Ph)Is (2a−e, n = 1−5) via the intermediates Is(PhCH2)P(CH2)nPHIs (4a−e, n = 1−5). The rates of these reactions depended strongly on n, in the order 1a < 1b < 1c ≈ 1d ≈ 1e. The bulkier bis(secondary phosphine) Mes*HP(CH2)2PHMes* (5, Mes* = 2,4,6-(t-Bu)3C6H2) did not undergo catalytic alkylation under these conditions. The alkylation selectivity also depended on n. Alkylation of 1b was meso-selective, while alkylation of 1a,c−e was rac-selective, occurring with similar diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity for the longer linkers (1c−e). The product ratios suggested that the catalyst controlled the selectivity for 1d,e, while substrate control operated for ethano-bridged 1b, with negative cooperativity. Substrate control als...
THE XO SYNDROME. A STUDY OF THE DIFFERENTIATED PHENOTYPE IN 25 PATIENTS.

The phenotypic expression of the XO syndrome, a pattern of multiple anomalies, allows for clinical recognition at all ages. Studies were conducted on 25 patients and their families. All patients had at least 6 anomalies, the mean number being 15. The only ubiquitous abnormality was shortness of stature, usually present at birth. Linear growth proceeded at a slow rate and there is no evident adolescent growth spurt. Final height attainment ranges from 50 to 60 inches.
Guniting the lining of oxygen-blown converters

A technology was developed for the semidry guniting of the 130-ton oxygen-blow converters of the Krivorozhstal' Plant with a magnesia gunite mix containing a carbon—silicate binder. Guniting resulted in an increase in the campaign by 56 melts on average at a gunite consumption of 0.25 kg/ton of steel.
Direct Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction by Activated Bleomycin: An Experimental and Computational Study

Bleomycin (BLM), a glycopeptide antibiotic chemotherapy agent, is capable of single- and double-strand DNA damage. Activated bleomycin (ABLM), a low-spin FeIII−OOH complex, is the last intermediate detected prior to DNA cleavage following hydrogen-atom abstraction from the C-4‘ of a deoxyribose sugar moiety. The mechanism of this C−H bond cleavage reaction and the nature of the active oxidizing species are still open issues. We have used kinetic measurements in combination with density functional calculations to study the reactivity of ABLM and the mechanism of the initial attack on DNA. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to directly monitor the kinetics of the ABLM reaction. These experiments yield a deuterium isotope effect, kH/kD ≈ 3 for ABLM decay, indicating the involvement of a hydrogen atom in the rate-determining step. H-atom donors with relatively weak X−H bonds accelerate the reaction rate, establishing that ABLM is capable of hydrogen-atom abstraction. Density functional calculations were...
Validation of C-Band Permittivity of Fresh Water using Periodic Jets

This letter presents the results of a free space experiment that validated the Meissner and Wentz model of fresh water permittivity at $13^\circ {\rm C}$ in C-Band. The experiment consisted of creating a periodic water jet array inside a focused beam measurement system. The focused beam system measures the radio frequency (RF) response to a finite array of free flowing water jets. The results of the experiment are compared to a one-dimensional Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis (RCWA) prediction for infinitely periodic cylinders of water. The consistency between the measured and predicted values appears to validate the permittivity of fresh water at $13^\circ {\rm C}$ in C-Band as predicted by the Meissner and Wentz model. This method for measuring and predicting the one-dimensional RCWA solver could be used to characterize properties of other liquids.
Predictors of classroom stress and burnout experienced by gifted and talented students

Classroom stress and burnout experienced by 121 gifted and talented students were assessed in combination with seven background variables (i.e., sex, age, IQ, etc.), five personal variables (i.e., creative personality typology, locus of control, family environment, other-rated behavioral, academic self-esteem, and self-rated self-esteem), three general anxiety and stress variables (i.e., state/trait anxiety, life change events), and two organizational variables (i.e., classroom tedium and quality of school life). The student's age, sex, birth order, IQ, and achievement level bore little relationship to either stress or burnout. Poor self-esteem, an externalized locus of control, high levels of state and trait anxiety, poor school life quality, and tedium proved to be significant predictors of classroom stress. These, plus problems in the family environment and high classroom stress levels, predicted significant levels of classroom burnout. Males reported a greater number and different types of stress and burnout sources than did females, indicating differentiated sex-related problems with stress and burnout.
The distribution of oceanic coccolithophorids in the Pacific

Abstract Horizontal and vertical distributions of oceanic coccolithophorids were investigated along five traverses in the North and Central Pacific. The population was characterized by: 1. (1) a high standing crop in high latitude, 2. (2) an abrupt decrease in the temperature and subtropical areas except in the Kuroshio Water, and 3. (3) a significant increase in the equatorial and Kuroshio ares. When most abundant, there were as many as 1·7 × 10 5 individuals per liter of water in the −5 m level at 50°N 155°W, but at some deeper localities in the photic layer there were no cells at all, particularly in the south Philippine Sea. Approximately 90 species of the Coccolithophoridae were identified. Six coccolithophorid zones were established in the surface water along the 155°W meridian based on the distribution pattern of characteristics species: Subarctic, Transitional, Central North, Equatorial North, Equatorial South and Central South. The Subarctic Zone corresponded to the Pacific Subarctic Current, where the specimens were almost exclusively a subarctic variety of Emiliania huxleyi. Emiliania huxleyi , a cold variety and Rhabdosphaera clavigera were dominant in the Transitional Zone, which coincided with the North Pacific Current. The Central zones were dominated by Umbellosphaera irregularis . The North Equatorial Current and Equatorial Countercurrent comprise the Central North Zone where the largest variety of species was observed. The Equatorial zones includes the South Equatorial Current and were characterized by an abundance of three placolith-type species: Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Cyclococcolithina leptoporus and Cyclococcolithina fragilis . The Central South Zone coincides with the northern portion of the South Pacific circulation. Three vertical coccolithophorid zones were designated in the 200 m water column of the Transitional and Central zones, while the Subarctic and Equatorial zones had one and two vertical zones respectively. Umbellosphaera irregularis and Rhabdosphaera clavigera preferred shallow water while Umbellosphaera tenuis and Cyclococcolithina fragilis were mainly observed in the middle euphotic waters. Florisphaera profunda and Thorosphaera flabellata occurred only in lower euphotic waters. Water temperature and light intensity appeared to be most influential factors in the distribution of coccolithophorid species, but currents also delimited the distribution of some species.
Development of a 238U filtered beam of 186 eV neutrons

Abstract A 238U filter has been developed, installed, and tested at the neutron beam filter facility at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). This filter produces a well colliminated, quasi-monoenergetic beam of 186 eV neutrons of 3.5 × 105 n/cm2s with very low contamination from gamma rays. With Se, Mn, and Ge added to the U, the background of other energy neutrons is reduced to about 30%. Since tungsten has a resonance that blocks the 186 eV window of 238U, a W in-W out technique is shown to distinguish the 186 eV neutrons from background neutrons. A matrix of flux data as a function of filter components is presented. As a test of this filter, total cross sections measured at 186 eV for Al, Fe, Pb, C, 10B, and 238U, are compared with other measurements.