cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The home range, roosting places, and the day ranges of the Bonnet macaque (Macaco radiate)

The daily movements of two troupes of Bonnet monkeys were thoroughly studied for over a year and it was observed that there is a clearly demarcated area within which the troupes move. The whole area though not well defended against trespassers is held exclusively by a particular troupe. Within the home range are the areas of preference or core areas where the troupes spend most of their time and these areas are kept free of strangers. The inhabitants announce their occupation of the area and intruders are given timely warning by methods which prevent encroachment. There are a few selected quarters where Bonnets sleep at night and these are generally located close to the feeding grounds. Movement, feeding, social grooming and social play including sexual activity are the four major activities in which the Bonnets indulge. In general there is no marked difference between the Bonnet macaque and other macaques in their daily movement and activity. It can be argued that these various facets of behaviour have a selective significance.
1196 PLASMA AND MUSCLE CARNITINE DEFICIENCY IN RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME

Children with renal Fanconi syndrome (FS) fail to reabsorb water, amino acids, glucose, electrolytes, and other small molecules including carnitine. In 21 FS patients (18 with cystinosis, the most common identifiable cause of FS in children), the mean urinary fractional excretions of free and acyl carnitines were 32% and 27%, resp., compared with control values of 3% and 5%, resp. (N=6). Plasma free carnitine was 11.6±4.0 (SD) nmol/ml in FS and 42.0±9.0 in controls (p<0.001). The plasma carnitine deficiency in FS was independent of age, cysteamine therapy, and renal glomerular function. The liver did not appear functionally carnitine-deficient in FS, since 2 patients exhibited a normal, 5 to 10-fold increase in β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate after a 24-hour fast. In 2 other patients with cystinosis and plasma carnitine deficiency, muscle free carnitines were 8.5 and 13.1 nmol/mg noncollagen protein (4 controls 19.2±2.5); total muscle carnitines were 11.8 and 13.3 (controls 24.8±7.5). The greatest relative decrease in muscle carnitine was in the short chain acyl carnitine fraction. One muscle biopsy in a cystinosis patient revealed an increase in lipid droplets. A muscle biopsy in another patient showed a large increase in lipid droplets, small vacuoles, occasional “ragged-red” fibers, a slight increase in connective tissue, and variation in muscle fiber size. These myopathic changes, consistent with carnitine deficiency, may be amenable to therapy with L-carnitine replacement.
Enhancement of dental x-ray images by two-channel image processing

In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for the enhancement of low-contrast details of dental X-ray images using a two channel structure. The algorithm first decomposes an input image in the frequency domain into two parts by filtering: one containing the low frequency components and the other containing the high frequency components. Then these parts are enhanced separately using a transform magnitude modifier. Finally a contrast enhanced image is formed by combining these two processed parts. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through enhancement of dental X-ray images. The algorithm can be easily implemented on a personal computer.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Excess volumes of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane + carbon tetrachloride

Abstract Densities were measured at approximately 5 K intervals for pure octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane ( omcts ) between 298.88 and 424.10 K, for pure carbon tetrachloride between 252.51 and 345.42 K, and for three mixtures: mole fraction x = 0.2491 of CCl4 between 296.77 and 374.52 K, x = 0.5012 between 297.14 and 355.03 K, and x = 0.7493 between 297.38 and 347.71 K. Excess volumes for the three mixtures were calculated at 5 K intervals over the range 298.15 to 348.15 K and compared with some theoretical predictions. An empirical factor ζ, a correction to the unlike pair diameter σ12, is introduced and shown to be a reasonable means for improving the agreement.
Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics as a manifestation of the dynamics of a viscoelastic metacontinuum

We prove that, when linearized, the governing equations of an incompressible viscoelastic continuum can be rendered into a form identical to that of Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics. The divergence of deviator stress tensor is analogous to the electric field, while the vorticity (the curl of velocity field) is interpreted as the magnetic field. The elastic part of constitutive relation explains Maxwell's displacement current, and is responsible for the propagation of gradient (shear) waves. In turn, the viscous part is associated with the Ampere's and Ohm's laws for the current. This analogy is extended further and the nonlinearity of the material time derivative (the advective part of acceleration) is interpreted as the Lorentz force. The classical wave equations of electrodynamics are also derived as corollaries. Thus an interesting and far reaching analogy between the viscoelastic continuum and the electrodynamics is established.
NMR and Mössbauer study of spin-glass behavior in Fe Al 2

We have used NMR and M\"ossbauer spectroscopy to investigate the magnetism and spin-glass behavior in $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$. The results show that the observed behavior can be interpreted as local-moment magnetism residing on the Fe sites. An increase in $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer magnetic hyperfine field was observed at the $35\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{K}$ spin-glass freezing temperature, with a reduced low-temperature value consistent with unquenched fluctuations in the spin-glass state. However, the $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ NMR shifts and spin-lattice relaxation behavior are consistent with transfer hyperfine interactions to Fe local moments, with a magnitude of approximately $2.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$. This value is consistent with the bulk magnetization, but surprising compared to other Fe aluminides, given the small $\mathrm{Fe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}$ coordination number and associated weakening expected for the magnetic moment.
42 Invasive Bacterial Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Microorganisms in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Setting.

42 Invasive Bacterial Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Microorganisms in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Setting.
Rat Insulin Genes: Construction of Plasmids Containing the Coding Sequences

Recombinant bacterial plasmids have been constructed that contain complementary DNA prepared from rat islets of Langerhans messenger RNA. Three plasmids contain cloned sequences representing the complete coding region of rat proinsulin I, part of the preproinsulin I prepeptide, and the untranslated 3' terminal region of the mRNA. A fourth plasmid contains sequences derived from the A chain region of rat preproinsulin II.
Vortices and polynomials

A number of connections between point vortex dynamics and the properties of complex polynomials or rational functions with roots and/or poles at the vortex positions are reviewed. Classical polynomials, such as the Hermite and Laguerre polynomials, have roots that describe vortex equilibria. Completely stationary vortex configurations with vortices of the same strength but positive or negative orientation are given by zeros of the so-called Adler–Moser polynomials. The geometrical characterization of the location of the stagnation points in a flow produced by an assembly of point vortices is addressed. The 1864 theorem of Siebeck provides a beautiful solution to this problem.
Impact compressive response of dry sand

Abstract A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was properly modified to obtain dynamic compressive stress–strain curves of dry sand at various high strain rates. Quasi-static compressive properties of the sand were obtained with a MTS810 materials test system. In both dynamic and quasi-static experiments, the 1.50 × 103 kg/m3 dry sand, confined with a polycarbonate tube, had the same dimensions, making the strain rate the only variable. The strain rate effects on the compressive response of the sand were determined. The sand was also prepared to specimens with a higher initial density of 1.62 × 103 kg/m3 for dynamic experiments to investigate the initial density (gas porosity) effects. At a given dynamic strain rate, besides using the polycarbonate confining tube, polyolefin heat shrinking tubes and 4340 steel tubes were used to confine the sand specimens to study the lateral confinement effects. The results show that the compressive response of the dry sand is not sensitive to strain rate under the loading conditions in this study, but significantly dependent on the initial density and lateral confinement level.
The Oral Case Presentation: What Internal Medicine Clinician–Teachers Expect From Clinical Clerks

Background: The oral case presentation (OCP) is a fundamental communication skill that frequently is taught as part of internal medicine clerkships. However, little is known about the optimal content for an OCP. Purpose: We hypothesized that internal medicine clinician–teachers have common expectations regarding OCPs by 3rd-year medical students. Methods: We administered a 42-item survey to 136 internal medicine faculty members at 5 U.S. medical schools who spent at least 8 weeks as “ward attending” in the 2005–6 academic year, or spent at least 4 weeks as a “ward attending” and had an administrative role in medical education. We asked about the relative importance of 14 potential attributes in a 3rd-year medical student OCP using a 6-point Likert scale. We also asked about their expectations for the length of a new patient presentation. Mean responses from the 5 schools were compared using chi-squared, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and t testing, as appropriate. Results: We received 106 responses (78% re...
Protein-cellulose derivatives for use as immunoadsorbents: preparation employing an active ester intermediate.

Abstract The preparation of protein-cellulose derivatives for use as immunoadsorbents is described. An “active” ester intermediate was used to prepare p -aminophenyl-butyryl aminoethyl celluloses which could be diazotized and coupled to proteins. If, prior to diazotization, the cellulose derivatives were treated in one of several ways with solutions of sodium hydroxide, their capacities for protein coupling and immunoadsorption were greatly increased. An antigen-cellulose derivative so prepared was capable of depleting a serum of antibody, of binding nearly half its weight in antibody and, on acid elution, of yielding a preparation of specifically purified antibody with no more than 2% nonspecific protein contamination.
Local hemorrhagic-necrotic skin reactions in man (Shwartzman phenomenon)☆

Abstract 1.1. Three patients, one with bronchial asthma, a second with hay fever, and a third with an epidermophytosis and sinus infection developed hemorrhagic-necrotic lesions of the skin. 2.2. In every case the preparatory factors which modified the tissue responses originated from bacterial foci in infected sinuses, and in one instance presumably from an additional epidermophyton infection of the feet. 3.3. The provocative factors consisted of homologous and heterologous proteins composed of bacterial vaccines and toxin filtrates as well as unrelated antigen-antibody complexes. Since the steps in the evolution of these lesions conform to the criteria postulated by Shwartzman for the production of the phenomenon described by him, it is suggested that the hemorrhagic-necrotic lesions in these patients be regarded as clinical examples of the Shwartzman phenomenon.
Potentiation of etoposide-induced apoptosis by staurosporine in human tumor cells is associated with events downstream of DNA-protein complex formation.

Protein kinase inhibitors have demonstrated potential for use in the therapy of human cancers, in particular leukemia. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor with broad specificity, enhances the cytotoxic effects of various antitumor agents with different modes of action. The topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide, has shown clinical activity against a wide range of tumor types. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of staurosporine on etoposide-induced cell death processes in a human tumor of epithelial origin. Methods: Modulation of etoposide-induced apoptosis by staurosporine in HeLa cells was assessed by cell morphology, extraction of low molecular weight DNA, quantitation of DNA-protein complexes, and measurements of rates of DNA synthesis. The effects on cellular genes implicated in apoptosis were determined by Northern and Western blotting, along with assays of cyclin-dependent kinase activities. Results: Stauro- sporine exhibited a two- to three-fold potentiation of apoptosis caused by etoposide in HeLa cells when ap- plied concurrently, or immediately following etoposide removal, but did not alter the quantity of DNA-protein complexes produced by etoposide. Etoposide-induced apoptosis, and its potentiation by staurosporine, were associated with reduced c-myc expression, and a moderate increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA and protein levels. Inhibitors of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, which exhibit greater specificity than staurosporine, were without effect on apoptosis caused by etoposide, whereas use of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, vanadate, resulted in its abrogation. The potentiation of etoposide-induced apoptosis by staurosporine was associated with a significant increase in cyclin A-dependent kinase activity. In addition, etoposide caused substantial inhibition of DNA synthesis. Conclusion: These results indicate that staurosporine potentiates apoptosis through events which occur downstream of DNA damage, and implicate unscheduled activation of cyclin A-dependent kinase during inhibition of DNA synthesis as a possible cause.
Influence of Fire on Soil Nutrients in a Ponderosa Pine Type

Plant bioassays, with lettuce and ponderosa pine seedlings as indicator plants, and chemical analyses were used to investigate differences in macronutrient availability in soils from areas of different wildfire burn histories. Soils originating from the same parent material were collected from unburned areas consisting of a large control area, having no known history of burning, and two small relict unburned areas, located within two large areas that had been burned over by a severe wildfire at different times in their history. The vegetation, litter, and soil profiles of the relict areas suggested that the soils of these areas were very similar to those of the control area, which indicated that the soils of all three areas were alike before the advent of wildfire into the two burned—over areas. The assays essentially substantiated this conclusion. Soils were collected from the same three areas, with the difference that two were from central locations in the large areas burned over by wildfire. Thus repre...
Differential Calcium Independent Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Interleukin-1β and Transforming Growth Factor-β in Peyronie's Plaque Fibroblasts

Purpose: Peyronie's disease is a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea characterized by the localized formation of an inelastic plaque. We characterized matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase) in Peyronie's disease tissue.Materials and Methods: Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs were investigated in Peyronie's disease plaque tunica removed from patients with stable Peyronie's disease. Immunological methods were used to characterize the matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs produced by cell cultures stimulated with transforming growth factor-β or interleukin-1β (PreproTech, Rocky Hill, New Jersey). Enzyme activity was quantified with a fluorescent substrate and correlated with mRNA levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Interleukin-1β significantly induced (p <0.01) matrix metalloproteinase-1, 3, 10 and 13 protein production, endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-13 activity (12-fold) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 mRNA expression (11.2-fold)...
Validation of the Pulmonary Score: An Asthma Severity Score for Children

Objectives: In the absence of a validated “user-friendly” method of scoring asthma severity, the authors derived the pulmonary score (PS). The purpose of this study was to begin validation trials of the PS by comparing it with the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Methods: The study enrolled a convenience sample of children, aged 5-17 years, who came to the emergency department (ED) for treatment of an acute asthma exacerbation. The PEFR (best of three attempts) and the PS were measured before and after the first albuterol treatment by a physician and a nurse from a pool of 45 trained observers. The PS includes respiratory rate, wheezing, and retractions, each rated on a 0-3 scale. Decreasing PS and increasing PEFR indicate clinical improvement. Pre- and post-treatment PEFRs and PSs were compared using paired t-tests to establish construct validity. Correlation of pre- and post-treatment PSs with PEFRs was measured to establish criterion validity. Results: Forty-six subjects completed the study. Mean percent predicted PEFR improved after treatment by 20.7% (p = 0.0001), and mean PS by 1.5 for nursing-obtained scores (p < 0.0001) and 1.9 for physician-obtained scores (p < 0.0001). Pre- and post-treatment PSs were significantly correlated with PEFRs. Correlations for the nursing-obtained scores were pre-treatment r = -0.57 (p = 0.0003) and post-treatment r = -0.67 (p = 0.0001), and for the physician-obtained scores were pre-treatment r = -0.44 (p = 0.003) and post-treatment r = -0.56 (p = 0.0001). The pre-treatment interrater reliability was 0.62 and the post-treatment was 0.53. Conclusions: These data support the construct and criterion validities of the PS as a measure of asthma severity among children in the ED. The PS is a practical substitute to estimate airway obstruction in children who are too young or too sick to obtain PEFRs.
Precision probes of a leptophobic Z' boson

Extensions of the Standard Model that contain leptophobic Z' gauge bosons are theoretically interesting but difficult to probe directly in high-energy hadron colliders. However, precision measurements of Standard Model neutral current processes can provide powerful indirect tests. We demonstrate that parity-violating deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons off of deuterium offer a unique probeleptophobic Z' bosons with axial quark couplings and masses above 100 GeV. In addition to covering a wide range of previously uncharted parameter space, planned measurements of the deep inelastic parity-violating eD asymmetry would be capable of testing leptophobic Z' scenarios proposed to explain the CDF W plus dijet anomaly.
Associations Between IQ, Total and Regional Brain Volumes, and Demography in a Large Normative Sample of Healthy Children and Adolescents

In the course of efforts to establish quantitative MRI-based norms for healthy brain development (Brain Development Cooperative Group, 2006), previously unreported associations of parental education and temporal and frontal lobe volumes with full scale IQ and its verbal and performance subscales were discovered. Our findings were derived from the largest, most representative MRI sample to date of healthy children and adolescents, ages 4 years 10 months to 18 years 4 months. We first find that parental education has a strong association with IQ in children that is not mediated by total or regional brain volumes. Second, we find that our observed associations between temporal gray matter, temporal white matter and frontal white matter volumes with full scale IQ, between 0.14 to 0.27 in children and adolescents, are due in large part to their correlations with performance IQ and not verbal IQ. The volumes of other lobar gray and white matter, subcortical gray matter (thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus), cerebellum and brainstem do not contribute significantly to IQ variation. Third, we find that head circumference is an insufficient index of cerebral volume in typically developing older children and adolescents. The relations between total and regional brain volumes and IQ can best be discerned when additional variables known to be associated with IQ, especially parental education and other demographic measures, are considered concurrently.
Solubility in Binary Solvent Mixtures: Pyrene Dissolved in Alcohol + Acetonitrile Mixtures at 299.2 K

Experimental solubilities are reported for pyrene dissolved in seven binary alcohol + acetonitrile solvent mixtures at 26 °C. The alcohol cosolvents studied were 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-pentanol. Results of these measurements are used to test a mathematical representation based upon the Combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich−Kister equation. For the seven systems studied, the Combined NIBS/Redlich−Kister equation was found to mathematically describe the experimental data to within an overall average absolute deviation of approximately ±1.0%.
Effect of modular diffraction gratings on absorption in P3HT:PCBM layers

Various gratings with 700 nm feature spacings are patterned on the reverse side of organic solar cell active layers to increase the path length and constrain light to the cell through total internal reflection. The absorption enhancement is studied for 15, 40, and 120 nm active layers. We were able to confine 9% of the incident light over the wavelength range of 400–650 nm, with thinner gratings having a greater enhancement potential. The measurement setup utilizing an integrating sphere to fully characterize scattered or diffracted light is also fully described.
An integrated hot-carrier degradation simulator for VLSI reliability analysis

A novel integrated simulation tool is presented for estimating the hot-carrier induced degradation of nMOS transistor characteristics and circuit performance. The proposed reliability simulation tool incorporates an accurate one-dimensional MOSFET model for representing the electrical behavior of locally damaged transistors. The hot-carrier induced oxide damage can be specified by only a few parameters, avoiding extensive parameter extractions for the characterization of device damage. The physical degradation model used in the simulation tool includes both of the fundamental device degradation mechanisms, i.e., charge trapping and interface trap generation. A repetitive simulation scheme has been adopted to ensure accurate prediction of the circuit-level degradation process under dynamic operating conditions. The simulation tool provides information on the evolution of device degradation during long-term operation, and on the performance characteristics of the damaged circuit. >
Victimization, offending, and perceived risk for early violent death

Research indicates that adolescents tend to overestimate their risk for early death, and those who anticipate early deaths are at risk for numerous negative consequences. Little is known, however, about the factors that influence early violent death expectations. The present study develops and tests hypotheses about the influence of victimization and offending on perceived risk for early violent death using longitudinal data collected from a nationally representative sample of American adolescents. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of prior violent victimization, witnessing serious violence, and various types of delinquency on adolescents' perceptions that there is a 50% or greater chance they will be killed by the age of 21. Implications for theory, policy, and future research are discussed. Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
Penalties for Success: Reactions to Women Who Succeed at Male Gender-Typed Tasks.

A total of 242 subjects participated in 3 experimental studies investigating reactions to a woman's success in a male gender-typed job. Results strongly supported the authors' hypotheses, indicating that (a) when women are acknowledged to have been successful, they are less liked and more personally derogated than equivalently successful men (Studies 1 and 2); (b) these negative reactions occur only when the success is in an arena that is distinctly male in character (Study 2); and (c) being disliked can have career-affecting outcomes, both for overall evaluation and for recommendations concerning organizational reward allocation (Study 3). These results were taken to support the idea that gender stereotypes can prompt bias in evaluative judgments of women even when these women have proved themselves to be successful and demonstrated their competence. The distinction between prescriptive and descriptive aspects of gender stereotypes is considered, as well as the implications of prescriptive gender norms for women in work settings.
Computational analysis of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) panicle topology and ripening

The processes involved in rice (Oryza sativa L.) panicle ripening vary with time and topological grain position. Methods to describe the functioning and connectivity of the grains on a panicle could aid the analysis of these processes. Hence, we addressed the difficulty of encoding and representing panicle topology. Array-based decomposition and computational methods were developed to encode and analyse panicle topology and grain traits. The technique, applied to the analysis of dry matter accumulation, clearly represented the basipetal succession of asynchronous grain ripening on a panicle. These methods should be useful for the spatial and temporal analysis of a number of panicle processes and attributes, including molecular ones, involved with ripening.
Algebraic Information Theory For Binary Channels

We study the algebraic structure of the monoid of binary channels and show that it is dually isomorphic to the interval domain over the unit interval with the operation from Martin (2006) [4]. We show that the capacity of a binary channel is Scott continuous as a map on the interval domain and that its restriction to any maximally commutative submonoid of binary channels is an order isomorphism onto the unit interval. These results allows us to solve an important open problem in the analysis of covert channels: a provably correct method for injecting noise into a covert channel which will reduce its capacity to any level desired in such a way that the practitioner is free to insert the noise at any point in the system.
The primal power affine scaling method

In this paper, we present a variant of the primal affine scaling method, which we call the primal power affine scaling method. This method is defined by choosing a real r > 0.5, and is similar to the power barrier variant of the primal-dual homotopy methods considered by den Hertog, Roos and Terlaky and Sheu and Fang. Here, we analyze the methods for r > 1. The analysis for 0.50 < r < 1 is similar, and can be readily carried out with minor modifications. Under the non-degeneracy assumption, we show that the method converges for any choice of the step size a. To analyze the convergence without the non-degeneracy assumption, we define a power center of a polytope. We use the connection of the computation of the power center by Newton's method and the steps of the method to generalize the 2/3rd result of Tsuchiya and Muramatsu. We show that with a constant step size a such that c~/(1 - tx) 2r < 2/(2r- 1) and with a variable asymptotic step size ot k uniformly bounded away from 2/(2r + 1), the primal sequence converges to the relative interior of the optimal primal face, and the dual sequence converges to the power center of the optimal dual face. We also present an accelerated version of the method. We show that the two-step superlinear convergence rate of the method is 1 +r/(r+ 1), while the three-step convergence rate is 1 + 3r/(r + 2). Using the measure of Ostrowski, we note that the three-step method for r = 4 is more efficient than the two-step quadratically convergent method, which is the limit of the two-step method as r approaches infinity.
Neural controllers for systems with unknown dynamics

This study presents a methodology for specifying a neural controller for a system about which no a priori model information is available. The neural design presumes that a finite duration input/output (I/O) histogram on the system is available. The design procedure extracts from the histogram sufficient information to specify the neural feedback controller. The resultant controller will drive the system along a general output reference profile (unknown during the design). The resultant controller also exhibits the capability of disturbance rejection and the capacity to stabilize unstable plants. >
Catastrophic Mortality Composting: Is It Safe and Effective?

SUMMARY Catastrophic composting can be an effective disposal method. This is especially true for destruction of viral disease agents. However, further research needs to be completed to verify safety and efficacy of composting mortalities as the result of other infectious diseases. Although mortality composting does show promise, burial will be the major disposal method used in mass mortality situations. Exceptions will be when limitations of shallow ground water or frozen ground in winter months prevent its use.
Gaze-enhanced scrolling techniques

We present several gaze-enhanced scrolling techniques developed as part of continuing work in the GUIDe (Gaze-enhanced User Interface Design) project. This effort explores how gaze information can be effectively used as input that augments keyboard and mouse. The techniques presented below use gaze both as a primary input and as an augmented input in order to enhance scrolling and panning techniques. We also introduce the use of off-screen gaze-actuated buttons which can be used for document navigation and control.
Judicial Advisory Opinions and Legislative Outcomes in Comparative Perspective

High courts in eleven U.S. states (and a number of countries) provide advi? sory opinions on pending legislation when requested by the executive or legislative branch of the government. To examine the implications of the advisory mechanism for institutional behavior and for policy outcomes, we develop and compare results from two incomplete-information models of judicial-legislative interaction. One game models judicial-legislative inter? action with "ordinary" judicial review, the other models the interaction with an advisory option. We show how the advisory mechanism alters policy outcomes relative to outcomes that would be realized without the advi? sory option. We then identify the conditions under which legislatures request advisory opinions and when they choose to legislate without them. Finally, we consider whether the advi? sory mechanism is a welfare-enhanc? ing or welfare-diminishing institution, and identify conditions that explain why some courts are willing to offer advisory opinions while others refuse to do so. In a well-known episode, President George Washington asked John Jay and the other U.S. Supreme Court justices to advise him on the nation s treaty obligations in light of continuing conflicts among Euro? pean powers. The justices famously declined, citing their concern with vio? lating the separation-of-powers principle.1 Less well known is that many U.S. states rejected the Court's concern and instead created an advisory role for their judiciaries. At one time or another, high courts in nineteen states have given advisory opinions when requested by coordinate branches of government. While some of these courts ultimately turned against their ad? visory role, the high courts of eleven states continue to serve in an advisory capacity today. Opinion over whether the judiciary should serve in an advi? sory role has been divided for centuries. Notable legal commentators, in? cluding Lord Coke, Alexander Hamilton, and Felix Frankfurter, have op? posed judicial advisory opinions. They argue that the abstract setting of advisory proceedings?particularly the absence of detailed factual records as exist in ordinary litigation?undermines a crucial informational compo? nent of judicial decision making. In contrast, other commentators claim that early judicial review is the advantage of advisory opinions. They argue that when legislatures solicit judges' opinions on pending legislation, it re? duces the number of enacted laws that courts will have to strike down in the future. As a result, advisory opinions decrease transaction and reliance costs created by the length of time?often many years?it takes legislation in ordinary litigation to reach high courts for a decision.
A MEMS intraocular origami coil

This work presents a MEMS intraocular coil which is designed to be flexible, biocompatible and electrically efficient as the secondary power coil of inductive coupling links for retinal prostheses applications. A microfabricated structure of parylene-gold-parylene is combined with a folding technique to create a conducting strip with increased cross-section and length than is possible without folding, which is then wound to form a single-layer coil. Compared with the wire-wound coil and MEMS planar coil, our strip-fold-and-wound origami coil can better fulfill the size, mass, and flexibility requirements of an intraocular implant, and also reduce the proximity effect and achieve high quality factor at the targeted frequency. As an example, a 5-turn prototype coil of 10 mm outer diameter, 1 mm thickness and 10 mg weight in saline, has an inductance of 480 nH and reaches a maximum Q factor of 12.5 at 30 MHz. A further increase of Q factor can be achieved by increasing the equivalent cross-sectional area by depositing thicker metal.
Ferrimagnetic Inductor Design Using Population-Based Design Algorithms

In this paper, we set forth a procedure to perform detailed inductor designs using population-based optimization methods. We chose inductor designs on the basis of design inputs, i.e., the inductor geometry and core material. The method incorporates recent research in magnetic materials characterization, advanced inductor modeling, and hysteresis loss modeling. We present several case studies for both single- and multi-objective optimizations.
Nonparametric cooling schedules in simulated annealing using the normal score transformation

The author presents the application of the normal score transformation to simulated annealing methods. This application allows Gaussian-based cooling schedules to be used without the risk of violating their underlying assumptions. The normal score transformation is shown to make the simulated annealing algorithm unaffected by the location and scale of the function. The resulting method yields an equivalent search for any monotonic transformation of the objective function, if the same random number sequence is used. The performance of the new method is examined using a standard set of test functions. >
An Application of Active Disturbance Rejection Control to Self-Sensing Magnetic Bearings

A linearized model of a self-sensing magnetic bearing used in a flywheel energy storage application is analyzed, and an intrinsic feedback mechanism is identified. Based on the model, a cascaded-loop controller is designed using a novel control design technique which actively rejects external disturbances, taking advantage of the feedback mechanism. Simulation results of force-disturbance rejection performance are presented.
Integration of emerging stock markets with global stock markets

Abstract Financial integration for emerging economies should be seen as a long-term objective. In this paper, we examine stock market integration among five selected emerging stock markets (Brazil, China, Mexico, Russia and Turkey) and developed markets of the US, UK and Germany. The bounds testing approach to cointegration and error-correction modeling are used on monthly data from January 2001 to December 2014 to determine the short-run and long-run relationship between emerging stock market returns and the returns of the developed stock markets. The results show evidence of the existence of short-run integration among stock markets in emerging countries and the developed markets. However, the long-run coefficients for stock market returns in all emerging countries show a significant relationship only with Germany stock market return. The empirical findings in this study have important implications for academicians, international investors, and policymakers in emerging markets.
Discussion: University Governance: Some Omitted Aspects

The article addresses the issue of faculty participation in university governance and the moral and ethical conflicts that can arise as a result. The author reports on the possibility for the admin...
The Potato Corky Ringspot Pathogen, Tobacco rattle virus, Occurs in Native Habitats in Minnesota

When corky ringspot of potato, caused by Tobacco rattle virus, was first reported in Minnesota in 2008, it was thought that TRV did not occur naturally in Minnesota. Results reported here indicate that TRV occurs in Minnesota in areas with no known history of cultivation to potatoes or other crops, that these TRV isolates are variable, and that some are similar to virus isolated from potato with corky ringspot symptoms. These data suggest that corky ringspot incidence in Minnesota is due to the presence of endemic rather than introduced sources of TRV.
Pyrolysis of Titanicone Molecular Layer Deposition Films as Precursors for Conducting TiO2/Carbon Composite Films

Titanium alkoxide films known as “titanicones” were grown using molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques using the sequential exposure of TiCl4 and glycerol. These titanicone MLD films were then...
Essential tremor-Parkinson's disease: A double whammy.

Background Surprisingly little has been written about the combined clinical entity, essential tremor-Parkinson's disease (ET-PD), which is the result of a double disease hit. We carefully quantified tremor burden using a wide range of measures (tremor severity, tremor-related disability, tremor-related quality of life) and furthermore, studied additional motor and non-motor features in ET-PD.
TRANSFORMATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF AS-ROLLED Si-Mn-Cr DUAL PHASE STEELS

Transformation kinetics of AS- rolled Si- Mn- Cr- Mo dual phase steels has been obtained in Si- Mn-Cr steels containing 1.53%Mn and 0.6%Cr.That is,there is a metastable austenite region about temperature interval 100℃ on CCT diagram. It is found again that relative amount of polygonal ferrite in microstructure of continuous cooling transformation increases as cooling rates decrease,and that of bainite decreases.Acicular martensite arises in microstructure when cooling rates decrease to the certain extent.
Evaluation of changes in serum chemistry in association with feed withdrawal or high dose oral gavage with dextran sodium sulfate- (DSS-) induced gut leakage in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) has been shown to be effective at inducing enteric inflammation in broiler chickens, resulting in increased leakage of orally administered fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran to circulation. In a previous study, 2 doses of DSS (0.45 g/dose) administered as oral gavage resulted in increased mucosal permeability. The main objective of the present study was to compare serum turbidity in control and DSS treated birds plus with feed restriction (FR), and evaluate the associated serum chemistry. Three independent experiments were conducted with different combinations of treatment groups. In Experiment 1, control full-fed (CON) and DSS full-fed (FFD) with n = 15 birds/group were evaluated, Experiment 2 had groups (n = 15/group) CON, FFD, feed restriction (FRS for 34 h), and DSS with feed restriction (FRD), and Experiment 3 (n = 15/group) had CON, FFD, and FRS (29 h FRS). All DSS treated birds received one or 2 doses of DSS by oral gavage (0.45 g/dose/bird). Results showed that, compared to CON group, there was an increase (P 0.05). Administration of DSS did not result in increase of serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nonetheless, the FFD showed lower (P
Nominal GDP Targeting and the Taylor Rule on an Even Playing Field

Some economists have advocated nominal GDP targeting as an alternative to the Taylor Rule. These arguments are largely based on the idea that nominal GDP targeting would require less knowledge on the part of policymakers than a traditional Taylor Rule. In particular, a nominal GDP targeting rule would not require real-time knowledge of the output gap. We examine the importance of this claim by amending a standard New Keynesian model to assume that the central bank has imperfect information about the output gap and therefore must forecast the output gap based on previous information. Forecast errors by the central bank can then potentially induce unanticipated changes in the short term nominal interest rate, distinct from a standard monetary policy shock. We show that forecast errors of the output gap by the Federal Reserve can account for up to 13% of the fluctuations in the output gap. In addition, our simulations imply that a nominal GDP targeting rule would produce lower volatility in both inflation and the output gap in comparison with the Taylor Rule under imperfect information.
Irish Girl Gone Wild

This book asserts that modern Irish literary practices are rooted in and defined through representations of disability. In Chapter 1 I outlined several theoretical frameworks that build connections between disability, Ireland, and “Irishness.” When these frameworks are connected through either dynamic moments of staring or through the manipulation of literary and/or cultural forms (like dress or like the pastoral poem), a compelling representational matrix is established — a matrix between disabled bodies and Irish bodies, between “disability” and “Irishness.” The interties within this set of representations and the metaphors that such moments of connection often produce all come to define the dynamic of Irish culture and nationality. The manipulation of these larger images by Irish writers, critics, and artists likewise comes to redefine and then further the development of a larger cultural field of general discursive practice, namely the space that is called Ireland and the meta-discursive foundation within which Irishness as an identity formation is anchored.
Let’s Clear the Air: a campaign that effectively increased compliance with a university’s tobacco-free policy

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Let’s Clear the Air campaign, a print-based campaign guided by the theory of planned behavior, designed to increase compliance with a University’s tobacco-free policy among undergraduate student smokers. We hypothesized that individual-level compliance behaviors would increase with greater campaign exposure and that population-level compliance would improve post-intervention from baseline. To assess individual-level compliance, we collected survey data from 284 randomly selected undergraduate student smokers. To assess population-level compliance, we collected observational data by counting smokers in 10 violation locations for 10 weeks (three 30-minute periods per week). Data supported the hypotheses: Campaign exposure was related to an increase in individual-level compliance behaviors, and results from a negative binomial regression supported that population-level compliance improved from baseline to post-intervention. Implications...
High Sensitivity Detection of Malignant-Specific M-Proteins Using Mass Spectrometry

Detection of an M-protein (monoclonal immunoglobulin) has been used to diagnose and monitor multiple myeloma (MM). As therapies for MM have improved, more sensitive methods have been used to define response: immunofixation electrophoresis (IFX) of serum and urine, normalization of the serum immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) ratio, and high sensitivity flow cytometry to detect clonal plasma bone marrow cells. It is hoped that these more sensitive approaches will differentiate those patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) versus no residual disease (NRD), that later which could mean a cure. Flow cytometry of plasma cells requires bone marrow aspiration, which is inconvenient and expensive and is potentially limited by sampling bias. More sensitive methods to differentiate MRD from NRD using serum would be advantageous. We have developed a sensitive test for the presence of the monoclonal antibody produced by the plasma cells which may serve as a substitute for invasive bone marrow biopsy. Briefly, patient serum is enriched for immunoglobulins (Ig) and the Ig light chains are decoupled from the heavy chain by reduction with DTT. The mass distribution of the light chains is resolved using a micro LC-ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry and the presence of the M-protein is detected as a spike in the mass distribution. In addition to the detection, the accurate mass measurement of the light chain serves as a unique individualized marker which can aid in detection in subsequent patient monitoring. We have termed this method: monoclonal-immunoglobulin-Rapid-Accurate-Mass-Measurement (miRAMM). By spiking monoclonal immunoglobulins into human serum, we have demonstrated that miRAMM is approximately 1000x more sensitive than SPEP at detecting M-proteins. Initial results on 21 patients in stringent complete response (sCR) demonstrated that 67% (n=14) had detectable malignant specific clones by miRAMM. Given these promising results we have extended the method to a larger series of myeloma patients for whom we had long term follow-up and serum samples prior to treatment and at 6-12 months status post stem cell treatment. The results of this data will be correlated to the clinical outcomes for these patients. Early results demonstrate the potential of miRAMM to be a more sensitive, cost effective approach to detect MRD compared with current methods. Disclosures Murray:Mayo Clinic: Patent Application filed Patents & Royalties. Barnidge:Mayo Clinic: Patent filed Patents & Royalties.
Adaptive Array Processing Experiments at HF

This paper summarizes experimental results which demonstrate that significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratio SNR can be achieved by utilizing adaptive array methods in a 15 MHz, electromagnetic, high frequency (HF), radar system. The experiments were conducted with a bistatic radar which employed adaptive beamforming at the receive array elements only. Two adaptive algorithms were studied and in both cases it was shown that signal-to-noise ratio improvements of 10 to 15 dB are readily achieved when adaptive beamforming is compared with conventional, Dolphaper beamforming methods using identical received data in an HF backscatter environment. It was also demonstrated that the time scale of coefficient variation in an adaptive processor operating in this environment is the order of one second. Successful tracking of the adaptive algorithm under these conditions was demonstrated. The use of MTI clutter suppression filters at the subarray outputs, prior to adaptation, was investigated. No significant improvement was observed with the use of these filters on experimental data. Finally, it was shown that the presence of fading nulls can significantly affect the determination of optimal subarray location and spacing in an HF environment. In general, the adaptive beamformer performance was found to be less dependent upon array geometry than was the case for conventional processing.