cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MacNeish-Mann theorem based iteratively decodable codes for optical communication systems

A novel family of low-density parity-check codes is proposed based on MacNeish-Mann theorem for construction of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. Codes from this family have high code rate, girth at least six, large minimum distance, and significantly outperform conventional forward error correction schemes based on Reed-Solomon (RS) and turbo codes.
Concomitant low-dose doxorubicin treatment and exercise

Cardiotoxicity is a side effect for cancer patients treated with doxorubicin (DOX). We tested the hypothesis that low-intensity aerobic exercise concomitant with DOX treatment would offset DOX-indu...
Synovial chondromatosis of the foot and ankle.

Background: Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign condition where the synovial lining of joints, bursae, or tendon sheaths undergoes metaplasia and ultimately forms cartilaginous loose bodies. S...
Arc jets for divertor component testing

This paper describes the potential for arc jet facilities to simulate the thermal and chemical environment inside a fusion-reactor power and particle exhaust section to provide the fusion materials science and plasma physics communities with data on their models and component designs.
A hybrid two-phase mixture model of detonation diffraction with compliant confinement

A multi-material two-phase hybrid model of heterogeneous explosives, with a reaction rate that is proportional to the gas-phase pressure excess above an ignition threshold, is examined computationally. The explosive is conned within a com
Impact failure characteristics in sandwich structures: Part I: Basic failure mode selection

Abstract In the present work we present a systematic experimental investigation of the generation and subsequent evolution of dynamic failure modes in sandwich structures subjected to low-speed impact. Model sandwich specimens involving a compliant polymer core sandwiched between two metal layers were designed and subjected to impact loading to simulate failure evolution mechanisms in real sandwich structures. High-speed photography and dynamic photoelasticity were utilized to study the nature and sequence of such failure modes. A series of complex failure modes was documented. In all cases, inter-layer (interfacial) cracks appeared first. These cracks were shear-dominated and were often intersonic even under moderate impact speeds. The transition from inter-layer crack growth to intra-layer crack formation was also observed. The shear inter-layer cracks kinked into the core layer, propagated as opening-dominated intra-layer cracks and eventually branched as they attained high enough growth speeds causing core fragmentation.
Degrasyn Activates Proteasomal-Dependent Degradation of c-Myc

c-Myc is a highly unstable transcription factor whose deregulation and increased expression are associated with cancer. Degrasyn, a small synthetic molecule, induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines. Destruction of c-Myc by degrasyn requires the presence of a region of c-Myc between amino acid residues 316 and 378 that has not previously been associated with c-Myc stability. Degrasyn-induced degradation of c-Myc depends on proteasomes but is independent of the degron regions previously shown to be important for ubiquitin-mediated targeting and proteasomal destruction of the protein. Degrasyn-dependent c-Myc proteolysis is not mediated by any previously identified c-Myc regulatory mechanism, does not require new protein synthesis, and does not depend on the nuclear localization of c-Myc. Degrasyn reduced c-Myc levels in A375 melanoma cells and in A375 tumors in nude mice, and this activity correlated with tumor growth inhibition. Together, these results suggest that degrasyn reduces the stability of c-Myc in vitro and in vivo through a unique signaling process that uses c-Myc domains not previously associated with c-Myc regulation.
A parallel technique for three-dimensional image segmentation

The authors present a parallel 3-D image segmentation algorithm which, through the use of alpha -partitioning and volume filtering, segments 3-D images such that the gray-level variation within each volume can be described by a regression model. Experimental results indicate that the use of discontinuity locations in alpha -partitioning can greatly assist the segmentation of 3-D images. It is also shown that the use of volume filters in removing incorrect partitions permits quick segmentation of 3-D images into functional descriptions for each volume. These two characteristics enabled the parallel 3-D image segmentation algorithm to produce fair segmentation results with large savings in computation time. >
Accuracy of Oral Liquid Measuring Devices: Comparison of Dosing Cup and Oral Dosing Syringe:

Background:Previous studies have found that teaspoons are commonly used to administer liquid medications to children. The capacity of household teaspoons ranges from 1.5 mL to 9 mL, potentially leading to errors in dosing. There are few studies evaluating alternative measuring devices.Objective:To assess adult consumers’ previous experience with measuring devices for oral liquids, compare the accuracy of an oral syringe with that of a dosing cup, and determine consumer perceptions of accuracy and ease of use of an oral syringe and a dosing cup.Methods:Individuals at least 18 years of age were shown a picture of 5 commonly used measurement devices and asked their perceptions of and experience with the devices. They were then asked to measure a 5 mL (1 teaspoon) dose of Tylenol (acetaminophen) suspension, using the EZY Dose oral syringe and the dosing cup provided by the manufacturer. An acceptable dose was defined as 5.0 ± 0.5 mL. Following the measurement, participants completed a 5 item survey that asses...
The Parent's Capacity to Treat the Child as a Psychological Agent: Constructs, Measures and Implications for Developmental Psychopathology

Recent studies of the relationship between parenting and child development have included a focus on the parent's capacity to treat the child as a psychological agent. Several constructs have been developed to refer to this capacity, for example maternal mind-mindedness, reflective functioning, and parental mentalizing. In this review article, we compare and contrast different constructs from diverse theoretical backgrounds that have been developed to operationalize parental mentalizing. We examine the empirical evidence to date in support of each of the constructs and review the relevant measures associated with each construct. Next, we discuss the possibility that these apparently diverse constructs may tap into the same underlying neurobiological socio-cognitive system. We conclude by proposing a testable model for describing the links between parental mentalization, the development of mentalizing in children, and child psychopathology.
Mark 15.16–32: The Crucifixion Narrative and the Roman Triumphal Procession

Robert Gundry, in a new major commentary on Mark, advances convincingly the thesis that the second Gospel is an extended apology for the cross. More specifically, Gundry argues that Mark portrays the passion of Christ as an aspect of his glory. This article intends to follow that thesis up an avenue not travelled in Gundry's commentary – namely the Via Dolorosa, which, I will argue, replaces the Sacra Via of Rome and renders the passion a triumph in a quite literal sense. In other words, I will maintain that details of a particular segment of the crucifixion narrative (Mark 15.16–32) evoke a Roman triumphal procession, and that Mark designs this ‘anti-triumph’ to suggest that the seeming scandal of the cross is actually an exaltation of Christ. In this interpretation, many details of the crucifixion narrative that appear to be incidental are in fact important features in a parabolic drama which a late first-century Roman audience would be uniquely situated to comprehend.
CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE 11BETA -HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 GENE IN THE BABOON

In the baboon, the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD)-catalyzed metabolism of maternal cortisol and cortisone by the placenta is an important component in the sequence of events regulating the function of the fetal pituitary-adrenocortical axis. The present study was designed to isolate and sequence the promoter region of the baboon 11β-HSD-1 gene. The 11β-HSD-1 genomic DNA was isolated from a baboon kidney genomic library using a human 11β-HSD-1 cDNA as a probe. The sequence of a 1.7 kb fragment of the 5′-flanking region showed extensive homology (>95) to that published by others for human 11β-HSD-1 particularly in exons I and II (>95%) and in the proximal promoter (>98%). Using total RNA from adult baboon liver annealed with a 22 bp antisense primer located at the 3′ end of Exon I, parallel genomic sequencing reactions with the same primer confirmed that the baboon 11β-HSD-1 gene has two transcriptional start sites 93 nucleotides apart and that both start sites are preceded by a CAAT box but not a TATA box. RNase protection assays confirmed that both transcription start sites are utilized in liver and near term baboon placenta and that transcripts emanating from the downstream start site dominate in the placenta in contrast to the preferential utilization of the upstream start site in adult liver.
Lexical Individuation and Predicativism about Names

Predicativism about names—the view that names are metalinguistic predicates—has yet to confront a foundational issue: how are names represented in the lexicon? I provide a positive characterization of the structure of the lexicon from the point of view Predicativism. I proceed to raise a problem for Predicativism on the basis of that characterization, focusing on cases in which individuals have names which are spelled the same way but pronounced differently. Finally, I introduce two potential strategies for solving the problem, and offer reasons not to be optimistic about either.
Explicit GPU Based Second-Order Finite-Difference Modeling on a High Resolution Surface, Feather River, California

An explicit second-order finite-difference computer model was developed and optimized for solution of the Shallow Water Equations. The model was applied to the Feather River below the Oroville Dam and Thermalito Afterbay near Gridley, California. Two versions of the computer model were constructed to run on either Central Processing Units or Graphical Processing Units, utilizing Fortran, C, C++, and the NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) parallel computing platform. The underlying algorithm utilizes a structured grid and is capable of handling the wetting and drying of cells. It was developed with view to maximizing stability while maintaining accuracy, and allowing for flexibility of the computational domain. Comparisons with analytical and observed results showed the proposed methodology to be robust, accurate, and efficient. The models were applied to a section of the Feather River where observations of flow depths and volumetric flow rates are available for multiple flood events. The domain surface was partially developed using high-resolution photogrammetric data obtained through use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Runtimes and results were compared to the United States Bureau of Reclamations’ implicit finite-volume numerical method and with field observation with generally good correspondence.
Hypothalamic peptide regulation of ACTH secretion from sheep pituitary

The relative abilities of the hypothalamic peptides corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT), and angiotensin II (ANG II) to stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from cultured sheep anterior pituitary cells were studied. Incubation of cells with CRF, AVP, and OT, but not ANG II, was associated with increased ACTH secretion. CRF and AVP were equally effective in stimulating ACTH release at 0.1 nM, but larger doses of each resulted in distinctly different ACTH secretory patterns. The minimally effective dose of OT was 10 nM; greater doses of this peptide resulted in ACTH secretory responses similar to those measured after addition of AVP. Cotreatment with ANG II did not affect the ACTH-secretory response to CRF, AVP, or OT. These data confirm that AVP is a potent stimulus for ACTH secretion from sheep anterior pituitary in vitro and also show that CRF is effective in low concentrations in releasing ACTH. In contrast, the data do not support a regulatory role for ANG II in stimulating ACTH release directly from sheep corticotroph cells.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of 441 Two-Residue Peptides in Aqueous Solution: Conformational Preferences and Neighboring Residue Effects with the Amber ff99SB-ildn-NMR Force Field

Understanding the intrinsic conformational preferences of amino acids and the extent to which they are modulated by neighboring residues is a key issue for developing predictive models of protein folding and stability. Here we present the results of 441 independent explicit-solvent MD simulations of all possible two-residue peptides that contain the 20 standard amino acids with histidine modeled in both its neutral and protonated states. 3JHNHα coupling constants and δHα chemical shifts calculated from the MD simulations correlate quite well with recently published experimental measurements for a corresponding set of two-residue peptides. Neighboring residue effects (NREs) on the average 3JHNHα and δHα values of adjacent residues are also reasonably well reproduced, with the large NREs exerted experimentally by aromatic residues, in particular, being accurately captured. NREs on the secondary structure preferences of adjacent amino acids have been computed and compared with corresponding effects observed ...
Complexes of Ir3(CO)3(η5-C9H7)3 with Metal Fragment Electrophiles

The reactions of C3v Ir3(μ-CO)3(η5-C9H7)3 (1) with various metal electrophiles yield the cationic tetranuclear clusters [Ir3{M(PPh3)}(CO)3(η5-C9H7)3][PF6] (2, M = Cu; 3, M = Ag; 5, M = Au), [Ir3Tl(μ-CO)3(η5-C9H7)3][PF6] (4), and [Ir3(HgR)(CO)3(η5-C9H7)3][PF6] (6, R = Ph; 7, R = W(CO)3(η5-C5H5)). Compounds 5−7 are best prepared via compound 4. The structures of compounds 4 and 5 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The C3v symmetry of the parent cluster 1 is maintained in the structure of 4. The molecule consists of a triangle of iridium atoms, each edge of which has a bridging carbonyl oriented out of the plane in the same direction and each vertex of which has an η5-indenyl ligand oriented toward the opposite side of the plane. The thallium atom adopts a face-capping mode of coordination on the same side of the triiridium plane as the three indenyl ligands and is encapsulated by the phenylene portions of the indenyl groups. The molecular structure of 5 consists of a AuIr3 butterfly framework with a...
Resource Potential and Land Use Tradeoffs of Renewable Electricity Development in Vermont, USA

The State of Vermont, USA seeks to expand the generation and use of renewable electricity over the coming decades. I apply a social-ecological-technical systems framework to investigate the resource potential and land use tradeoffs of development of in-state commercial-scale solar photovoltaic and wind electricity generation facilities in Vermont. Based on existing policy goals, I calculate number of facilities required and use spatial modeling and simulation to assess solar photovoltaic and wind resource potential, suitable siting patterns and tradeoffs between resource productivity and biodiversity. This assessment finds that Vermont will require from 178 to 1,527 - 2.2 MW solar photovoltaic facilities and an additional 9 to 76 - 20 MW wind facilities by 2032. Vermont's solar photovoltaic resource potential is equivalent to 18.9 percent of the state's total land area, and wind resource potential is equivalent to 3.1 percent of the state's total land area. Vermont holds sufficient solar and wind resource potential to support the state's renewable electricity policy goals. Renewable electricity development in Vermont will require confronting a tradeoff between use of areas with either lower resource potential or moderate biodiversity value. The conceptualization of Vermont's emerging renewable energy system as a social-ecological-technical system can guide future research and decision making.
Study on power generation and energy storage system of a solar powered autonomous underwater vehicle(SAUV)

The solar cellin the application of AUV was focused in order to solve the energy restriction to distance sailing.The solarcellm axim um pow ertracking controlalgorithm and battery equalization charging method forseries connected lithium-ion battery strings were analyzed.The maxim um pow er tracking controller and battery equalization charging circuitw as designed and the realization method was introduced.60 W solarcells were used to charge two series of batteries ER 48660.The experim ent results show that the design of power generation and energy storage system is certainly feasible,the consistency ofbattery charging is im proved,the battery perform ance is enhanced,and the battery life is prolonged.
Study on HIV/TP/HCV infection and condom use of prostitute in Yulin city

Objective:To gain general knowledge of HIV/TP/HVC infections and condom use conditions among prostitutes in Yulin city,and provide information for further intervention and control of HIV/TP/HCV.Methods: A total of 400 prostitutes that worked in service institutes such as barber′s shops,hotels and bath cities received medical examination and correlative research.Results: Of the 400 prostitutes,the awareness of AIDS related knowledge were from 59.50% to 89.75%.The usage rate of condom in every sex encounters with client in the latest month was 77.00%.The usage rate of condom in the last sex encounters with client was 95.25%.HIV positive rate was 1.25%,TP positive rate was 8.75% and HCV positive rate was 1.25%.Conclusion: Prostitutes are at high risk of STD and their condom utilizing rates are low.To carry out basic STD/HIV preventive education and condom utilization in sexually confusing people will play significant role in HIV/TP control.
Time series analysis of satellite data reveals continuous deforestation of New England since the 1980s

Land cover and land change were monitored continuously between 1985 and 2011 at 30 m resolution across New England in the Northeastern United States in support of modeling the terrestrial carbon budget. It was found that the forest area has been decreasing throughout the study period in each state of the region since the 1980s. A total of 386 657 ± 98 137 ha (95% confidence interval) of forest has been converted to other land covers since 1985. Mainly driven by low density residential development, the deforestation accelerated in the mid-1990s until 2007 when it plateaued as a result of declining new residential construction and in turn, the financial crisis of 2007–08. The area of forest harvest, estimated at 226 519 ± 66 682 ha, was mapped separately and excluded from the deforestation estimate, while the area of forest expansion on non-forested lands was found to not be significantly different from zero. New England is often held as a principal example of a forest transition with historical widespread deforestation followed by recovery of forestlands as farming activities diminished, but the results of this study support the notion of a reversal of the forest transition as the region again is experiencing widespread deforestation. All available Landsat imagery acquired after 1985 for the study area were collected and used in the analysis. Areas of land cover and land change were estimated from a random sample of reference observations stratified by a twelve-class land change map encompassing the entire study area and period. The statistical analysis revealed that the net change in forest area and the associated modeled impact on the terrestrial carbon balance would have been considerably different if the results of the map were used without inferring the area of forest change by analysis of a reference sample.
Broadly Accessible Self-Consistent Field Theory for Block Polymer Materials Discovery

Self-consistent field theory (SCFT) is a powerful tool for the design and interpretation of experiments on block polymer materials. In this Perspective, we lower the barrier to entry to the use of SCFT by experimental groups by two means. First, we present a pedagogical introduction to an improved version of the open-source Polymer Self-Consistent Field (PSCF) software package and of the underlying theory. Second, we discuss methods for generating robust initial guesses for the fields that are computed in SCFT. To demonstrate our approach, we present two case studies in which a typical desktop computer has been used to simulate the structure of (i) body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, A15, and Frank–Kasper σ sphere-forming phases of a diblock copolymer melt and (ii) two core–shell morphologies of ABAC tetrablock terpolymers. A companion Web site provides all of the relevant software and detailed instructions for reproducing all results contained herein.
A review of ethical issues in transplantation

Unavoidable and unique characteristics of the transplant surgeon's practice require difficult moral judgments. The two major areas of moral quandary are organ procurement and organ allocation. This paper outlines the key ethical issues in transplantation and draws attention to some of the recent literature that argues more specific issues in greater detail. The subjects discussed include brain death, living organ donation, procurement policies, organ sales, distributive justice, free riders (nondonators), duties and debts, and research.
Effects of Supplemental Fiber in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

This chapter aims to review the effect of supplemental fiber in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, The Natural Standard, and The Natural Medicines through February 2011 using the terms T2DM, fiber, and psyllium. Evaluated studies were randomized, controlled studies or meta-analyses examining the effects of supplemental fiber (dietary fiber or psyllium) on glycemic risk factors [glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (A1c) or postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) concentrations] in subjects with T2DM.
Immersive Scuba Diving Simulator Using Virtual Reality

We present Amphibian, a simulator to experience scuba diving virtually in a terrestrial setting. While existing diving simulators mostly focus on visual and aural displays, Amphibian simulates a wider variety of sensations experienced underwater. Users rest their torso on a motion platform to feel buoyancy. Their outstretched arms and legs are placed in a suspended harness to simulate drag as they swim. An Oculus Rift head-mounted display (HMD) and a pair of headphones delineate the visual and auditory ocean scene. Additional senses simulated in Amphibian are breath motion, temperature changes, and tactile feedback through various sensors. Twelve experienced divers compared Amphibian to real-life scuba diving. We analyzed the system factors that influenced the users' sense of being there while using our simulator. We present future UI improvements for enhancing immersion in VR diving simulators.
Classroom Instructional Characteristics in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Comparison of Pure and Mixed Subgroups:

Recent proposed amendments to the federal special education law and proposed definitional changes in the seriously emotionally disturbed category suggest that attention deficit hyperactivity disord...
Allergy and Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity reactions are immune responses that produce tissue damage through an exuberant response to antigen. Three main modalities for hypersensitivity are described here: (1) allergic responses or immediate hypersensitivity reactions, (2) B-cell- or antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, and (3) T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity. This broad characterization emphasizes the physiological responses that developed to combat pathogens, which are often amalgams of several concurrent mechanisms involving T cells, B cells, antibodies, and innate and other effectors. Likewise, many autoimmune diseases feature one or more concurrent hypersensitivity mechanisms in the initiation or propagation of tissue injury.
Establishing and Maintaining Good Working Relationships with 1L Writing Students

Effective teaching always depends to some extent on the quality of the relationship between the teacher and the students. Legal writing instructors, however, face at least two important barriers to establishing good working relationships with their students. First, many students are surprised to discover when they get to law school that “writing,” a skill they thought they had mastered (and which some have mastered, in nonlegal arenas), must be “learned” all over again. Second, perhaps somewhat paradoxically, legal writing instructors are in fact responding to students’ writing, and many entering law students have not experienced in-depth response to their writing in a number of years. Because of these peculiarities of the legal writing course, legal writing instructors must take particular pains to develop good working relationships with their students early in the course. The article covers the following recommendation for establishing and maintaining good working relationships: (1) clarify purpose and scope of course early, (2) recognize skills students bring to the course, (3) convince students that legal writing is not boring writing, (4) convince students that they need a trusted reader, and (5) respect students as people with complicated lives.
How Nobel Laureate Richard Thaler's Work Impacts Financial Planning

This short paper provides an overview of some of Richard Thaler’s research findings and applications to the field of financial planning.
Ensuring a sufficient number of personnel as part of the safety culture in medical facilities

Abstract The goal of the research was to find the way medical employees in acute and later care services perceive the safety of patients at their workplace. The article is focused on partial results associated with personnel issues. The opinions were obtained with the quantitative research method using a standardized questionnaire: the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The research group consisted of 331 medical employees and did not include doctors. The composite score, which expresses the aspects of a certain phenomenon with a single number, was calculated by averaging all of the positive answers using the methods of the ARHQ. Low values show the possibilities for improvement. The learned values of the composite score in the researched domain of Personnel ensurance were 47.82%, and the anticipations and acts of a superior supporting patient safety was 72.78%. Compared to other studies, these values are equal or slightly higher. However, they do not reach the level presented in referential values of the AHRQ, i.e. 63% and 75%. The assessment of safety enables the managing staff to find out the outline of individual aspects and help to improve safety and the quality of care based on the identification of the problem.
Prophylactic placement of permanent synthetic mesh at the time of ostomy closure prevents formation of incisional hernias

Abstract Background Reversal of an enterostomy results in a high rate of incisional hernia at the ostomy site. Prophylactic mesh reinforcement of the fascial defect is typically not considered due to the contaminated nature of the case. We present the outcomes of a series of prophylactic mesh reinforcements with retromuscular, large-pore polypropylene at the time of enterostomy reversal. Methods Retrospective review of all ostomy reversals was performed. All cases with placement of synthetic mesh reinforcement were identified from a prospectively maintained, hernia database. Primary end points were surgical site occurrence, surgical site infection, and hernia occurrence. Results Ostomy reversal was performed in 359 patients; 91 were reinforced with mesh and 268 without mesh. Colostomy reversal was performed in 56.5% and ileostomy in 43.5%. The mesh group had a greater body mass index and a greater incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but groups were otherwise similar. A midline incisional hernia was present in 45% of the mesh group vs 4.5% in the controls. Incidence of surgical site occurrence and surgical site infection were similar for mesh and control groups (21 vs 22.8%; P = .82 and 20 vs 19.8%; P = 1.000, respectively). Superficial surgical site infection was less with mesh (8 vs 16.4%; P = .039). Incidence of a hernia developing at the stoma site was decreased markedly with mesh (1% vs 17.2%; P Conclusion Retromuscular placement of permanent synthetic mesh at the time of enterostomy reversal is effective in preventing development of incisional hernia without increased risk of surgical site occurrence or surgical site infection.
Impact of operative time on early joint infection and deep vein thrombosis in primary total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract Purpose Infections and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are challenging problems for both the patient and surgeon. Previous studies have identified numerous risk factors for infections and DVT after THA but have often been limited by sample size. We aimed to evaluate the effect of operative time on early postoperative infection as well as DVT rates following THA. We hypothesized that an increase in operative time would result in increased odds of acquiring an infection as well as a DVT. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2006 to 2015 for all patients undergoing primary THA. Associations between operative time and infection or DVT were evaluated with multivariable logistic regressions controlling for demographics and several known risks factors for infection. Three different types of infections were evaluated: (1) superficial surgical site infection (SSI), an infection involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue, (2) deep SSI, an infection involving the muscle or fascial layers beneath the subcutaneous tissue, and (3) organ/space infection, an infection involving any part of the anatomy manipulated during surgery other than the incisional components. Results In total, 103,044 patients who underwent THA were included in our study. Our results suggested a significant association between superficial SSIs and operative time. Specifically, the adjusted odds of suffering a superficial SSI increased by 6% (CI = 1.04–1.08, p 90 minutes), the adjusted odds of suffering a superficial SSI was 56% higher for patients with prolonged operative time (CI = 1.05–2.32, p = 0.0277). The adjusted odds of suffering a deep SSI increased by 7% for every 10-minute increase in operative time (CI = 1.01–1.14, p = 0.0335). No significant associations were detected between organ/space infection, wound dehiscence, or DVT and operative time either as continuous or as dichotomized. Conclusion Prolonged operative times (> 90 min) are associated with increased rates of superficial SSIs, but not deep SSIs, organ/space infections, wound dehiscence, or DVT. Level of evidence III.
Childhood Obesity is Associated With Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee, Ankle, and Elbow in Children and Adolescents.

Background Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a joint disorder of the subchondral bone and articular cartilage whose association with obesity in children is not clearly known. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of the association between childhood obesity and the occurrence of OCD of the knee, ankle, and elbow in children. Methods A retrospective chart review of an integrated health system was performed on OCD patients aged 2 to 19 from 2007 to 2011, with over 1 million patients in this cohort. Lesion location, laterality, and all patient demographics were recorded. The body mass index (BMI) for each patient in the cohort was used to stratify patients into 5 weight classes (underweight, normal weight, overweight, moderately obese, and extremely obese) based on BMI-for-age. The associations between the 5 weight classes and OCD of the ankle, knee, and elbow were assessed using multiple logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals using multivariate analysis to adjust for patient demographic variables. Results In total, 269 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Mean BMI, both absolute and percentile, was significantly higher for patients with OCD of the knee, elbow, and ankle than patients without OCD. In the multivariate analysis, extremely obese patients were found to have an increased OR of OCD for all patients, with an 86% increased risk of any OCD compared with normal weight patients. In addition, assessment by different types of OCD revealed that extremely obese patients had an increased OR of OCD of the elbow and ankle individually, with a 3.1 times increased OCD elbow risk and 3.0 times increased risk of ankle OCD in extremely obese patients. Although extremely obese patients did not have a statistically significant increased risk of knee OCD, moderately obese patients did have a 1.8 times increased risk of knee OCD as compared with normal weight children. There were no significantly different risks of any type of OCD seen in overweight or underweight patients as compared with normal weight patients. Conclusions In this population-based cohort study, extreme obesity is strongly associated with an increased risk of OCD overall and OCD of the elbow and ankle specifically. In addition, moderate obesity is associated with an increased risk of knee OCD. All types of OCD were also found to have a significantly greater average BMI when compared with patients without OCD. Level of evidence Level IV-descriptive epidemiology study.
Signal Detection on Lie Groups

In a series of recent papers (e.g., [1] through [6]), control, estimation, and detection problems in which the natural state space is a Lie group have been studied. Among practical problems of this kind are frequency modulation and demodulation, frequency stability, gyroscopic analysis, satellite attitude control, power conversion, etc. It is the purpose of this paper to formulate and study a class of detection problems on an arbitrary matrix Lie group.
Head and Neck: Pediatrics

A child is discovered to have ingested a hearing aid battery. Radiographically, it is seen at the level of the distal esophagus. Which of the following represents the best management plan? (A) No intervention; follow the patient clinically (inpatient) (B) No intervention; follow the patient clinically (outpatient) (C) Follow the progression of the foreign body radiographically (D) Surgically remove the battery (E) Remove the battery endoscopically
Early Childhood Education and Care Staff Support: Mentoring and Professional Development in Finland

Well-educated staff with ongoing access to professional development are a core element in high-quality early-childhood education and care (ECEC). Mentoring provides a tool for holistic professional learning that takes into consideration the different developmental needs of the staff. At present, mentoring is a widely used staff-support method in education, including ECEC. This article offers an introduction to the basic mentoring theories, although a simplified categorization of mentoring models is difficult. The focus is on mentoring the working communities, the importance of reflection in mentoring, and e-mentoring. Two examples of different mentoring models in ECEC – utilizing group, peer, and e-mentoring – are presented.
PROTECTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN RECONCILING MAN-MADE AND NATURALLY EVOLVING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Quality of life is individually experienced but largely socially attained. Quality is a measure of the satisfaction of mankind's physical and cultural needs and preferences. Attempts to satisfy these needs often result in contradictions that diminish quality. Because individuals are very limited in their personal ability to obtain quality in their environments, reconciliation of quality of life objectives has increasingly become a task of government and international organizations, urged on by nongovernmental groups. A substantial number of United Nations programs, especially those of UNESCO, are explicitly concerned with quality of life objectives. Some of these efforts have now been formalized in international treaties and resolutions. Development of valid indicators and indices of quality is needed to assist governments in shaping coherent sustainable objectives that will harmonize the diversity of human needs and preferences.
El proceso de la escritura colaborativa del autor-fanático en el fanfiction: una nueva forma de concebir la escritura en la era digital

Las tecnologias digitales han significado un gran cambio en la manera en que nos comunicamos. En este espacio nacen nuevas practicas discursivas, cooperativas e interactivas, en las que la escritura se convierte en la accion que permite la transmision de una sensacion de agencia. Dentro de estas practicas se encuentra el fanfiction, un tipo de practica literaria que permite la creacion de textos originales basados en productos culturales masivos, como libros, series televisivas o peliculas (Kelley 2016).
A Lattice Path Interpretation of the Diamond Product

The diamond product is the poset operation that when applied to the face lattices of two polytopes results in the face lattice of the Cartesian product of the polytopes. Application of the diamond product to two Eulerian posets is a bilinear operation on the cd-indices of the two posets, yielding a product on cd-polynomials. A lattice path interpretation is provided for this product of two cd-monomials.
Utility of Core Biopsy Specimen to Identify Histologic Subtype and Predict Outcome for Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background Lung adenocarcinoma histologic subtype is an important indicator of patient outcomes, so preoperative knowledge of subtype may be helpful to guide surgical planning. We evaluated the sensitivity and prognostic efficacy of specimens from computed tomography-guided core needle biopsies to predict histologic subtype and patient outcome after surgery. Methods We retrospectively identified 221 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent computed tomography-guided lung biopsy and subsequent surgical resection. Concordance, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of histologic subtypes from core biopsy specimens were compared with surgically resected specimens. Tumor characteristics and biopsy procedural factors were analyzed to determine impact on diagnostic sensitivity. Histologic subtype based on biopsy specimen, clinical, tumor, and treatment variables were also examined in relation to time to progression. Results Overall concordance of biopsy samples with the predominant subtype from surgical specimens was 77%. Specificity (sensitivity) of detecting a nonaggressive and aggressive subtype were 86% (93%) and 95% (48%), respectively. Length of core specimen and percentage subtype composition in the surgically resected specimen were correlated with improved sensitivity but to a lesser extent with aggressive subtypes. Presence of an aggressive subtype in biopsy specimens was an independent predictor of progression after surgery (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–4.94; p = 0.0075). Conclusions Specimens from computed tomography-guided core biopsies can predict lung adenocarcinoma progression after surgical resection. Future prospective studies should address the role of core biopsy in preoperative planning.
Formation of Higher Silanes in Low-Temperature Silane (SiH4) Ices.

SinH2n+2 (n ≤ 19) is synthesized by irradiation of thin SiH4 films deposited on a cold (5.5 K) Rh-coated Ag wafer with 5 keV electrons (8—60 min) under ultra-high vacuum conditions.
Considerations for an Alternative Site of Islet Cell Transplantation

Islet cell transplantation has been limited most by poor graft survival. Optimizing the site of transplantation could improve clinical outcomes by minimizing required donor cells, increasing graft integration, and simplifying the transplantation and monitoring process. In this article, we review the history and significant human and animal data for clinically relevant sites, including the liver, spleen, and kidney subcapsule, and identify promising new sites for further research. While the liver was the first studied site and has been used the most in clinical practice, the majority of transplanted islets become necrotic. We review the potential causes for graft death, including the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, exposure to immunosuppressive agents, and low oxygen tension. Significant research exists on alternative sites for islet cell transplantation, suggesting a promising future for patients undergoing pancreatectomy.
Rare earth-implanted lithium niobate: Properties and on-chip integration

We investigated the optical properties of rare-earth ions (Yb3+ and Er3+) implanted into lithium niobate (LN) crystals and observed superluminescent emission from a sheet of Yb ions in the Yb-implanted LN crystal (Yb:LN). Moreover, by directly integrating the Er-implanted LN crystal (Er:LN) with a silicon photonic chip with waveguide and resonator structures, we observed the evanescent coupling of photoluminescent light from the Er ions to the optical modes of the waveguide and microcavity. We measured an optical quality factor of about 104 and observed a modification of the photoluminescent emission from Er3+ ions in the integrated structure. The platform can ultimately enable developing the integrated multifunctional quantum photonic devices.
In-Flight Instabilities of Double Probe Electric Field Instruments: A Survey of Observations and Analyses and Proposed Laboratory Investigations

The design and implementation of double probe electric field sensors for space plasma applications has a long and successful history spanning nearly 50 years. Existing and future designs for the E-field sensor elements and surrounding surfaces (guards, stubs, etc.) include options for DC and low-frequency current and voltage biasing of those surfaces, as well as driving of those surfaces at significant amplitudes and bandwidths. These features allow the optimization the DC and AC coupling of the sensors to potential fluctuations in the ambient plasma and the reduction of the systematic errors in the E-field measurement due to stray and imbalanced currents to one or the other of the probes used for a given measurement.
The Global Pluralistic Condition

This chapter argues that the postmodern deconstruction of many modern ideals has paved the way for a new era. If postmodernism was the process of tearing a building down block by block, the global pluralistic age is the new building that was constructed out of those old blocks. The global pluralistic age is not an outright rejection of modernity, but a nonlinear trajectory that considers multiple narratives while balancing multiple modernities. We are in a post-historical age that is no longer progressing in a linear fashion toward some artistic telos. Instead, we live in a radically pluralistic world that acknowledges and values global expressions of art, and makes room for all the artistic discoveries of bygone eras. Consequently, this new lateral emphasis has caused the West to open itself back up to a globalized, cosmopolitan, pluralist present.
Academic Differences Between an Urban Nativity School and an Urban Public School District.

Previous research suggests that both poverty and minority status significantly influence academic achievement. Nativity schools, which have been extensively researched, have been found effective fo...
Brain Injuries in American Football: Understanding the Injury, Difficulty in Helmet Optimization, and Current Communication Practices – A Narrative Review

Background: Over 2.7 million people suffer traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) annually in the United States. TBI involves the application and generation of external forces and impulse loads respectively to the head whereby the brain moves relative to the skull. Despite numerous studies, further understanding of TBIs is necessary, requiring consistent attention. Objective: The purpose of this article is to investigate the history of American football helmets and provide an academic and practitioner review as it relates to TBIs. This study is a literature review that also considers perspectives from an autoethnographic frame. Method: An extensive literature review was performed to assess the history of TBI as it relates to American football. This article evaluates helmet design optimization and American football safety as well as an exploration into the sports’ education methods for players and staff alike. Results: Despite developing helmet designs that can better attenuate impact forces, reducing linear and rotational movement, the skull and brain move very differently relative to one another. Helmet designs and tools for measuring forces require further validation techniques to determine resultant forces and movement for the brain. Current biomechanics research lacks sufficient methodology for defining TBI thresholds, making helmet optimization difficult. Conclusion: According to past research, no helmet can eliminate all TBI risk; however, processes are in place lead by the National Football League (NFL) and NFL Players Association to educate players, coaches, and staff at all levels of competition of the protective capabilities of available helmet options.