cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiographic perfusion score in patients treated with PCI at late angiography following fibrinolytic administration for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is associated with morbidity and mortality at 30 days.

Among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), evidence of restoration of both normal epicardial arterial flow and myocardial perfusion early after the administration of fibrinolytic agents has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. In STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy and scheduled for angiography later during hospital admission, however, the association of later indices of flow and perfusion with clinical outcomes has not been assessed. Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (CLARITY-TIMI) 28 enrolled 3,491 STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy. Angiography was scheduled 48–192 h (median 84) after randomization. The Angiographic Perfusion Score (APS) (the sum of the TIMI Flow Grade and Myocardial Perfusion Grade before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), range of 0–12) was assessed in the 1,460 patients treated with PCI at late angiography, and its association with morbidity and mortality at 30 days was examined. Full perfusion, defined as an APS of 10–12, was associated with the lowest mortality (0.8%), while partial perfusion (APS 4–9) (2.3%) and failed perfusion (APS 0–3) (18.0%) were associated with a higher incidence of mortality at 30 days (P < 0.001 for full perfusion vs. partial perfusion, P < 0.0001 for overall trend). In addition, full perfusion was associated with a lower incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), a composite of death and MI, recurrent myocardial ischemia, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, congestive heart failure and shock (P < 0.05 for all trends). Among STEMI patients treated with late PCI following fibrinolytic therapy, higher APS is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality.
The thermodynamics of hydrogen in palladium-yttrium solid solutions

Abstract An equilibrate-quench-analyze technique has been used to measure solubility isobars at 10 5 N/m 2 in the Pd-Y-H system over the temperature span 625–1250 K. These data have been used to derive the dependence upon Y-content and temperature of the partial molar enthalpy and excess entropy of dissolved H-atoms. The partial enthalpy decreases at all temperatures rapidly as the concentration of Y increases. Virtually all of the large variation is ascribable to the effects of lattice dilation in the Pd-Y matrix as the Y-concentration increases.
A herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant disrupted for microRNA H2 with increased neurovirulence and rate of reactivation

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) encodes several microRNAs. One of these, miR-H2, overlaps and is antisense to the ICP0 gene and appears to decrease expression of the ICP0 protein. To determine if miR-H2 plays a role in the HSV-1 latency-reactivation cycle, we constructed a mutant, McK-ΔH2, in which this microRNA has been disrupted without altering the predicted amino acid sequence of ICP0. McK-ΔH2 produced increased amounts of ICP0. Although replication of McK-ΔH2 was similar to that of its wild-type (wt) McKrae parental virus in RS cells and mouse eyes, McK-ΔH2 was more neurovirulent in Swiss-Webster mice than McKrae based on the percent of mice that died from herpes encephalitis following ocular infection. In addition, using a mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) explant model of induced reactivation, we show here for the first time that miR-H2 appears to play a role in modulating HSV-1 reactivation. Although the percent of TG from which virus reactivated by day 10 after explant was similar for McK-ΔH2, wt McKrae, and the marker-rescued virus McK-ΔH2Res, at earlier times, significantly more reactivation was seen with McK-ΔH2. Our results suggest that in the context of the virus, miR-H2 downregulates ICP0 and this moderates both HSV-1 neurovirulence and reactivation.
Improving Systems of Care in Primary Angioplasty

AMI is a life-threatening condition. Poor performance on the part of caregivers can result in the death of a patient. It is critical that a PPCI capability be developed in such a way that error is minimized. It is not enough that the system works well or very well. Aviation is often used as the example that medical systems should emulate. In developing the many interrelated systems required to function properly to ensure safe, effective,prompt, and appropriate application of PPCI,an aviation parallel should be kept in mind. If you were walking on the jetway toward a plane and were greeted by the pilot who said to you, "You know, I can land this thing 99% of the time," you would never get on that plane. It is important to develop a PPCI system that is absolutely never the cause of harm to any patient. Doing so requires exquisite attention to detail, algorithms of care when possible, redundancy, and clear orders for all drugs and procedures.
Microbubble transport through a bifurcating vessel network with pulsatile flow

Motivated by two-phase microfluidics and by the clinical applications of air embolism and a developmental gas embolotherapy technique, experimental and theoretical models of microbubble transport in pulsatile flow are presented. The one-dimensional time-dependent theoretical model is developed from an unsteady Bernoulli equation that has been modified to include viscous and unsteady effects. Results of both experiments and theory show that roll angle (the angle the plane of the bifurcating network makes with the horizontal) is an important contributor to bubble splitting ratio at each bifurcation within the bifurcating network. When compared to corresponding constant flow, pulsatile flow was shown to produce insignificant changes to the overall splitting ratio of the bubble despite the order one Womersley numbers, suggesting that bubble splitting through the vasculature could be modeled adequately with a more modest constant flow model. However, bubble lodging was affected by the flow pulsatility, and the effects of pulsatile flow were evident in the dependence of splitting ratio of bubble length. The ability of bubbles to remain lodged after reaching a steady state in the bifurcations is promising for the effectiveness of gas embolotherapy to occlude blood flow to tumors, and indicates the importance of understanding where lodging will occur in air embolism. The ability to accurately predict the bubble dynamics in unsteady flow within a bifurcating network is demonstrated and suggests the potential for bubbles in microfluidics devices to encode information in both steady and unsteady aspects of their dynamics.
Evidence for differentiation of NK1+ cells into cytotoxic T cells during acute rejection of allogeneic bone marrow grafts

The ability of lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice to acutely reject H-2d bone marrow is due to a lymphocyte population that is NK1+, ASGM1+, CD4-, CD8-, CD3+. Transfer of spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice expressing these antigens into nonresponder 129 mice adoptively transfers the ability to reject H-2d marrow grafts. The specificity of this rejection maps to the H-2D major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Transplantation of high doses of H-2d marrow into C57BL/6 overrides the acute rejection mechanism leading to graft survival. During growth of the graft, a cytolytic activity develops that is due to ASGM1+, CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with H-2Ld specificity. The possibility that the ASGM1+, CD8+ CTLs are descendents of the CD3+, NK1+, ASGM1+, CD8- cells responsible for acute rejection is investigated by adoptive cell transfer experiments. We show that beige mice that lack NK1+ cells as well as the ability to acutely reject H-2d marrow fail to generate specific CTLs after transplantation with a high dose of H-2d marrow. Transfer of highly purified NK1+ cells from B6.PL-Ly-2a/Ly-3a (Lyt-2.1) into beige mice together with H-2d marrow leads to generation of Lyt-2.1 CTLs from donor NK1+ cells. These results show that specific CTLs are generated from NK1+ cells during acute marrow graft rejection.
Role of Mn2+ in Doped Quantum Dot Solar Cell

Abstract In recent times, Mn doped quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have shown a lot of interest as it provides a different strategy to improve the photovoltaic performances. In this work, we have systematically studied the effect of Mn 2+ dopant concentration on the photovoltaic performances of CdS based QDSSCs. The open circuit potential increases systematically with increase in Mn 2+ dopant concentration. The efficiency of the solar cell increases from 1.63% to 2.53% from undoped to 7.5% doped CdS. The role of Mn 2+ in enhancing the photovoltaic performances was further probed by open circuit voltage decay and the energy levels were studied using transient absorption spectroscopy. Both spin and orbital forbidden Mn d-d transition ( 4 T 1 – 6 A 1 ) helps in reducing the recombination inside the solar cell, which improves the overall photovoltaic performances.
Understanding coordination in computer-mediated versus face-to-face groups

Groups performed intellective and judgmental tasks in face-to-face (FTF) or computer-mediated communication (CMC) settings after coordination training or no training to determine the impact of CMC, training, and task type on group performance and coordination. Help seeking behaviors were stronger predictors of perceived and actual performance in CMC than FTF groups, but varied based on task type. In turn, training generally increased seeking behaviors, except non-task seeking behaviors in CMC groups; and seeking behaviors were stronger predictors for perceived performance in CMC than FTF groups. In addition, perceived performance was lower in CMC than FTF groups when untrained, but not when trained. Yet, performance agreement was similar on both tasks in FTF groups, but lower on the intellective than the judgmental task in CMC groups.
Cylinder-assisted Maker-fringe technique

A novel cylinder-assisted Maker-fringe technique to measure second-order optical nonlinearity profiles is introduced. Compared to existing methods, this technique improves the measurement ease, speed, and accuracy, and it allowed measuring fringes up to a record incidence angle of ∼89°, which is particularly important for the accurate determination of the profile of thin nonlinear layers.
Long Term Heart Failure Management in Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Purpose Carvedilol and biomarkers do not have established roles in pediatric HF. We reviewed our 14-year experience to assess the role of N-terminal pro Natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and use of carvedilol in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and Materials We reviewed dosage of medications, echocardiogram measurements of ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening corrected by age (FSz), left ventricular end diastolic diameter corrected by BSA (LVEDDz) and NTproBNP to assess outcome and response to treatment. Results There were 106 children with DCM (58 male). Mean age at presentation was 7.4±6.5 years. Mean EF and FSz at presentation were 28.9±10 and −8.1±6.7. Carvedilol and ACE inhibitors were used in combination in 72% of patients. Digoxin was used in symptomatic patients. Average dose (mg/kg/day) of carvedilol was 0.95 (range 0.05-1.7), enalapril 0.64 (0.08-1.2) and captopril 3.4 (0.45-6.4). Average follow up was 6.2±5.5 years. Death/transplant (DT) occurred in 45% of children; 40% of those occurred within one year of presentation. In the survivors, EF and FSz improved from 29.3±9.6 to 53.8±9 (p Conclusions Mortality and transplant remain common outcomes for children with DCM, particularly in the first year following presentation. Carvedilol and ACE inhibitors are safely tolerated with long-term use, and at higher doses than previously reported. Hypoglycemia may be a serious side effect that can be avoided by taking carvedilol with food. Persistent NTproBNP≥1000 may indicate need for transplantation.
Quality control considerations for size exclusion chromatography with online ICP-MS: a powerful tool for evaluating the size dependence of metal-organic matter complexation.

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), which separates molecules based on molecular volume, can be coupled with online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to explore size-dependent metal–natural organic matter (NOM) complexation. To make effective use of this analytical dual detector system, the operator should be mindful of quality control measures. Al, Cr, Fe, Se, and Sn all exhibited columnless attenuation, which indicated unintended interactions with system components. Based on signal-to-noise ratio and peak reproducibility between duplicate analyses of environmental samples, consistent peak time and height were observed for Mg, Cl, Mn, Cu, Br, and Pb. Al, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Se, Cd, Sn, and Sb were less consistent overall, but produced consistent measurements in select samples. Ultrafiltering and centrifuging produced similar peak distributions, but glass fiber filtration produced more high molecular weight (MW) peaks. Storage in glass also produced more high MW peaks than did plastic bottles.
Weighted sobolev spaces and the heat equation in the whole space

The Cauchy problem for the nonhomogeneous heat equation is considered. Solutions are looked for in Sobolev spaces with weights which are powers of the first coordinate.
Isobutane/butene alkylation on microporous and mesoporous solid acid catalysts: probing the pore transport effects with liquid and near critical reaction media

The alkylation of isobutane with 1-butene was investigated on microporous (β-zeolite) and mesoporous (silica supported heteropolyacids) catalysts in a slurry reactor. The reaction was investigated in the range of 25–100 bar and 15–95 °C in liquid phase and in near critical reaction media with either dense CO2 or dense ethane as diluent, partially replacing the excess isobutane. At 75 °C, the selectivity towards trimethylpentanes (TMP) in the liquid phase is 70%+ initially, but decreases with time on all the catalysts investigated. While near-critical reaction mixtures were employed in order to enhance pore diffusion rates, the conversion and selectivity profiles obtained with such mixtures are comparable to those obtained with liquid phase reaction mixtures in both microporous and mesoporous catalysts. This implies that pore diffusion effects play a limited role at higher temperatures (75–95 °C). In contrast, the liquid phase results at sub-ambient temperatures indicate that the catalyst is deactivated before the TMPs diffuse out of the pores, indicating that pore diffusion effects play an important role in the deactivation process at low temperatures. Our results suggest that novel approaches that enhance the pore-diffusion rates of the TMPs at lower temperatures must be pursued.
Annealing Temperature Effect on the Structure of High Thermal Conductivity Silver/Epoxy Nanocomposites

The thermal conductivity κ of polymer nanoparticle composites is typically <10 Wm−1 K−1 , even when high κ nanofillers are employed, due to the thermal interface resistance between nanoparticles and the polymer matrix1 or the absence of high thermal conductivity pathways. We recently demonstrated high κ in bulk nanocomposites of silver nanoparticles dispersed in epoxy and cured at low temperature (150 °C). A nanocomposite with 30 vol. % 20nm particles exhibited κ ∼30 Wm−1 K−1 .2 The mechanism responsible for enhancing κ was found to be the self-construction, through in-situ sintering, of high aspect ratio metallic networks inside the nanocomposite.2 In order to control and optimize the network structure and subsequently increase κ even further, this work focuses on studying the effects of curing temperature and nanoparticle surface coating on the structure of the nanocomposite.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Variation of Br quadrupole coupling with isotopic substitution in methyl bromide

Abstract The J = 0 ← 1 transitions in CH 3 79 Br (I), CH 3 81 Br (II), CD 3 79 Br (III), and CD 3 81 Br (IV) were measured using a Stark-cell spectrometer constructed from C-band waveguide. High-resolution spectra yielded precise values for the bromine quadrupole coupling strength. Values obtained were eqQ (I) = −577.08 ± 0.15 MHz, eqQ (II) = −482.18 ± 0.15 MHz, eqQ (III) = −575.66 ± 0.15 MHz, and eqQ (IV) = −480.89 ± 0.15 MHz. The observed center frequencies for the J = 0 ← 1 transitions are ν 0 (I) = 19136.35 ± 0.03 MHz, ν 0 (II) = 19063.62 ± 0.03 MHz, ν 0 (III) = 15429.23 ± 0.03 MHz, and ν 0 (IV) = 15362.41 ± 0.03 MHz. A 0.26 ± 0.02% decrease in bromine quadrupole coupling is observed when the methyl group is fully deuterated. This is in agreement with, and supports interpretations given for, previous results on methyl chloride.
Effect of a preemptive femoral nerve block on cytokine release and hyperalgesia in experimentally inflamed skin of human volunteers.

Background and Objectives: Tissue injury is associated with the local release of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators and the development of hyperalgesia. It is unclear whether interrupting neuronal signaling using regional anesthetic techniques at the time of the injury modifies local nociceptive and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to determine whether a peripheral nerve block at the time of tissue injury could modify the development of wound hyperalgesia and the local release of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators. Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this controlled, crossover, randomized study. A femoral nerve block or a sham block was established before inducing an experimental UVB burn on the thigh. Twenty-four hours later, the interstitial wound fluid was sampled, and mechanical and heat pain thresholds were assessed. Wound fluid concentrations of an array of cytokines, chemokines, nerve growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and substance P were determined. Results: Skin inflammation was associated with the release of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators and resulted in significant tissue hyperalgesia (P Conclusions: These findings suggest that a preemptive, single-shot peripheral nerve block minimally affects wound hyperalgesia and inflammation. Continuous nerve block techniques may be better suited to alter nociceptive and inflammatory events in wounds beyond the duration of the block.
A westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the Walker circulation, drying eastern Africa

Observations and simulations link anthropogenic greenhouse and aerosol emissions with rapidly increasing Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Over the past 60 years, the Indian Ocean warmed two to three times faster than the central tropical Pacific, extending the tropical warm pool to the west by ~40° longitude (>4,000 km). This propensity toward rapid warming in the Indian Ocean has been the dominant mode of interannual variability among SSTs throughout the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans (55°E–140°W) since at least 1948, explaining more variance than anomalies associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the atmosphere, the primary mode of variability has been a corresponding trend toward greatly increased convection and precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean. The temperature and rainfall increases in this region have produced a westward extension of the western, ascending branch of the atmospheric Walker circulation. Diabatic heating due to increased mid-tropospheric water vapor condensation elicits a westward atmospheric response that sends an easterly flow of dry air aloft toward eastern Africa. In recent decades (1980–2009), this response has suppressed convection over tropical eastern Africa, decreasing precipitation during the ‘long-rains’ season of March–June. This trend toward drought contrasts with projections of increased rainfall in eastern Africa and more ‘El Nino-like’ conditions globally by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Increased Indian Ocean SSTs appear likely to continue to strongly modulate the Warm Pool circulation, reducing precipitation in eastern Africa, regardless of whether the projected trend in ENSO is realized. These results have important food security implications, informing agricultural development, environmental conservation, and water resource planning.
Behavioral Effects of Low-Dose Methylphenidate in Childhood Attention Deficit Disorder: Implications for a Mechanism of Stimulant Drug Action

Two alternate hypotheses concerning the mechanism of action of stimulant drugs in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) were investigated. The first hypothesis was based on observations in animals that stimulants increase activity at relatively low doses but decrease activity and narrow attentional focus at higher doses. If therapeutic effects are analogous to effects seen at higher doses in animals, then subclinical doses might be expected to increase activity in ADD children. On the other hand, a hypothesis of stimulation of inhibitory dopaminergic autoreceptors, shown to occur at very low stimulant doses in animals, would predict either no effect or a decrease in activity following a subclinical dose. Twelve children, ages 6–12, meeting DSM-III criteria for ADD with Hyperactivity were assessed following placebo and following 0.1 mg/kg methylphenidate in a double-blind cross-over design. The results indicated that methylphenidate produced a decrease in locomotor activity and in toy changes in a playroom setting, but had no effect on attention on the Children's Checking Task. The findings were interpreted as providing preferential support for an autoreceptor mechanism of stimulant drug action.
Collineation groups irreducible on the components of a translation plane

We investigate finite translation planes of odd dimension over their kernels in which the translation complement induces on each component l a permutation group whose order is divisible by a p-primitive divisor. Using results of this investigation, we show that rank 3 affine planes of odd dimension over their kernels are either generalized Andre planes or semi-field planes. A similar result is given for translation planes having a collineation group which is doubly transitive on each affine line; besides the above two possibilities, there is a third possibility; the plane has order 27, the translation complement is doubly transitive on $$\mathfrak{U}$$ , and SL(2, 13) is contained in the translation complement. We also consider translation planes of odd dimension over their kernels which have a collineation group isomorphic to SL(2, w) with w prime to 5 and the characteristic, and having no affine perspectivity. We show that such planes have order 27, the prime power w=13, and the given group together with the translations forms a doubly transitive collineation group on {ie153-1}. This indicates quite strongly that the Hering translation plane of order 27 is unique with respect to the above properties.
Does Previous Head and Neck Irradiation Increase the Chance of Multigland Disease in Patients with Hyperparathyroidism

Background Exposure to therapeutic radiation, whether used to treat lymphoma, breast cancer, or benign conditions, such as acne, is thought to cause an increased risk for thyroid and/or parathyroid neoplasia. We therefore investigated whether patients with a history of head/neck irradiation and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) had a higher incidence of multigland disease.
Oxidation of the (100) surface of a NiFe alloy

Abstract The initial stages of oxidation of the (100) surface of a single crystal alloy specimen of approximate atomic composition Ni 59, Fe 41 (at%) have been studied by Auger spectroscopy and electron diffraction techniques. The clean alloy surface shows only a slight iron enrichment over the temperature range of the oxidation studies (373–873 K). Oxidation studies were performed over the O2 pressure range 5 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−6 Torr. Within these experimental conditions the rate of oxygen uptake was found to be linear in pressure and essentially independent of temperature. LEED studies showed that a chemisorbed c(2 × 2) structure preceded the formation of surface oxides. The interaction of oxygen with the surface induced a marked segregation of iron and this was particularly pronounced at elevated temperatures. Chemical shifts were observed in the low energy Ni and Fe Auger spectra during oxidation; these were similar to those previously observed in separate studies of the oxidation of pure Ni and of pure Fe. At the higher temperatures the initial oxide layer grew epitaxially apparently as a (111) cubic oxide on the (100) substrate. The Ni to Fe concentration ratio in oxides several layers thick was found to depend on the temperature of the reaction; at higher temperatures the oxide were more Fe-rich. The Fe to Ni ratio in oxides produced at lower temperatures could be increased by annealing. At large O2 exposures (about 5000 L) a transition was observed in the structure of the oxide layer.
Effect of mitral regurgitation on the left ventricular outflow pressure gradient in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract Dynamic left ventricular (LV) outflow obstruction was first described in a patient with concentric LV hypertrophy by Brock 1 in 1957. Three years later, Braunwald et al 2 reported 12 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; 11 of 12 had mitral regurgitation (MR) demonstrated either at operation or by the reflux of dye into the left atrium. Using catheterization, it has been demonstrated that interventions that decrease or increase outflow obstruction may decrease or increase MR. 3,4 However, the latter study found no statistically significant correlation between the degree of MR and the LV outflow gradient. To investigate this relation noninvasively, we reviewed Doppler echocardiographic studies in a large series of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC).
A simplified method for repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures

Repair of distal biceps brachii tendon ruptures is recommended for active individuals desiring maximum return of elbow supination and flexion strength. A 2-incision method of repair has been most popular but carries a risk of radioulnar synostosis. In the past, repair through a single anterior incision required more dissection and risked injury to the posterior interosseous nerve. The authors present a simplified method for the repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures through a single anterior incision. The use of suture anchors provides secure fixation to the radius with minimal volar dissection. This method was used successfully in 16 patients, 8 acutely (<6 weeks) and 8 chronically, with excellent functional results. Patients who received acute repairs regained elbow strength and power; patients who received chronic repairs showed slight deficits of supination strength (16%) and flexion power (14%). Of 10 chronic ruptures treated, only 2 tendons could not be mobilized back to the radial tuberosity and had to be transferred to the brachialis. There were no failures and no complications of radioulnar synostosis or posterior interosseous nerve palsy. The single anterior incision approach in which suture anchors are used is recommended as an alternative to the traditional 2-incision method.
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS: CURE BY CRYOSURGERY

Chromoblastomycosis was successfully treated by cryosurgery in a 55-year-old white man. Depigmentation within the scar precludes an entirely successful cosmetic result.
The clinical significance of change in trauma-related symptoms following a pilot group intervention for coping with HIV-AIDS and childhood sexual trauma.

The association between sexual abuse and HIV risk is well documented, yet little empirical data exists on treatment approaches integrating the psychological impact of sexual abuse and HIV disease. This study examined the clinical significance of change on sexual-trauma-related stress following a coping group intervention study among 28 women and men with HIV-AIDS and a history of childhood sexual abuse. More than 75% of participants showed improvement on 1 or more subscales of the Trauma Symptom Inventory, with the majority of improvements within domains related to trauma symptoms and behavioral difficulties. Most observed gains were modest, but are considered meaningful in the context of stressors encountered by this disenfranchised sample, which was diverse with respect to race, sexual orientation, and psychiatric comorbidity. These preliminary findings support the need for the conduct of research trials to identify mental health and secondary prevention intervention models that can assist those with HIV–AIDS who have experienced childhood sexual abuse.
Explicit Construction of Asymptotic Fields

Examination of a separable potential model in field theory, when the interaction is attractive enough to produce bound states, shows that the $t=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limits of the Heisenberg fields do not always have a particle interpretation but are superpositions of eigenfields. In this model the commutators of the in-fields of particles that are well enough localized to have a finite interaction energy are operators.
The Dynamics of Closed-Die Forging With Mechanical Presses

The kinetic energies of the crank mechanism and anvil and flash material are considered in order to develop a relation between forging load and the velocity of the upper die. Theoretical results are compared with published data. The dynamics of flash formation are also considered. When a larger flywheel is used, forging loads may be calculated in terms of the changes in energy of the flywheel. Hence, the ratio of press capacity to forging load is an important factor in the mechanics of forging.
Testing the six-inch thick flawed tensile specimen for the heavy section steel technology program

Abstract The 15 million pound tensile test facility at Southwest Research Institute has been used to test a series of large tensile specimens for the Heavy Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program. These specimens are A533 grade B, class 1, and are 6 in thick, 18 in wide, 4 ft long and contain flaws. The procedures used to create the flaws are discussed and pertinent data for six tests at temperatures from 50°F to 220°F and requiring loads up to 7.5 million pounds for failure are presented.
Effects of Dna Synthesis Inhibitors On Caenorhabditis Briggsae and Turbatrix Aceti

The effects of three DNA synthesis inhibitors on axenically grown Caenorhabditis briggsae and Turbatrix aceti were evaluated. Lower dosages of aminopterin sometimes prevented vagina formation and the eggs hatched within the oviduct. Concentrations of aminopterin, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and hydroxyurea which prevented reproduction, caused significant growth inhibition, prevented maturation past the third larval stage, and reduced longevity. A difference in physiologic state was indicated by the inability of aminopterin treated Caenorhabditis briggsae to adjust to osmotic pressures tolerated by untreated nematodes. These studies indicate the difficulties inherent in utilizing age-synchronous nematode cultures produced by the application of DNA synthesis inhibitors.
Commonly used tag combinations for tandem affinity purification

TAP (tandem affinity purification) allows rapid and clean isolation of a tagged protein along with its interacting partners from cell lysates. Initially developed in yeast, the TAP method has subsequently been adapted to other cells and organisms. In combination with MS analysis, this method has become an indispensable tool for systematic identification of target-associated protein complexes. The key feature of TAP is the use of a dual-affinity tag, which is fused to the protein of interest. The original TAP tag consisted of two IgG-binding units of Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and the calmodulin-binding peptide. As the technique has been widely exploited, a number of alternative TAP tags based on other affinity handles have been developed. The present review gives an overview of the various tag combinations for TAP with a highlight on those alternatives that result in improved yields or unique features. The information provided should assist in the selection and development of TAP tags for specific applications.
Prefrontal Neuromodulation Using rTMS Improves Error Monitoring and Correction Function in Autism

One important executive function known to be compromised in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is related to response error monitoring and post-error response correction. Several reports indicate that children with ASD show reduced error processing and deficient behavioral correction after an error is committed. Error sensitivity can be readily examined by measuring event-related potentials (ERP) associated with responses to errors, the fronto-central error-related negativity (ERN), and the error-related positivity (Pe). The goal of our study was to investigate whether reaction time (RT), error rate, post-error RT change, ERN, and Pe will show positive changes following 12-week long slow frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in high functioning children with ASD. We hypothesized that 12 sessions of 1 Hz rTMS bilaterally applied over the DLPFC will result in improvements reflected in both behavioral and ERP measures. Participants were randomly assigned to either active rTMS treatment or wait-list (WTL) groups. Baseline and post-TMS/or WTL EEG was collected using 128 channel EEG system. The task involved the recognition of a specific illusory shape, in this case a square or triangle, created by three or four inducer disks. ERN in TMS treatment group became significantly more negative. The number of omission errors decreased post-TMS. The RT did not change, but post-error RT became slower. There were no changes in RT, error rate, post-error RT slowing, nor in ERN/Pe measures in the wait-list group. Our results show significant post-TMS differences in the response-locked ERP such as ERN, as well as behavioral response monitoring measures indicative of improved error monitoring and correction function. The ERN and Pe, along with behavioral performance measures, can be used as functional outcome measures to assess the effectiveness of neuromodulation (e.g., rTMS) in children with autism and thus may have important practical implications.
Influence of rotation on the maximum mass of pulsationally stable stars

The critical mass for stability against radial pulsations in rotating, homogeneous main-sequence stars is found to be greater than in the case of no rotation. Analytic and detailed numerical models show that the critical mass rises steeply with increasing concentration of angular momentum to the center of the star. For uniform rotation near breakup velocity at the star's equator the critical mass is about 850 solar masses if an electron-scattering opacity is used, or about 5000 solar masses if the opacities of Cox and Stewart are used. For nonuniform rotation with a constant ratio of centrifugal force to gravity in the star, the critical mass becomes 'infinite' long before breakup velocity is attained. The relevance of the present results to several observational problems is noted.
A Two-Axis Shoulder Position Transducer for Control of Orthotic/Prosthetic Devices

A shoulder position transducer has been designed and built for use by quadriplegic patients as a control signal source. It provides control signals suitable for controlling two-axis assistive devices utilizing proportional control. The signals correspond to shoulder elevation/depression and protraction/retraction. The device is small [measuring 2 in (5 cm) by 2 in (5 cm) by 5/8 in (1.6 cm) thick] and is held over the sternum by a lightweight harness or double-sided tape. A spring wire extends from the package to the shoulder where it is attached. Flexures of the wire in the vertical and horizontal directions are detected by semiconductor strain elements. Signal amplitudes of 1 to 2 V are obtained for shoulder movements of 1 in. Channel crosstalk is less than 5 percent (dependent on the accuracy of strain element mounting). To accommodate individual characteristics and postural changes, the device utilizes an automatic rezeroing circuit. This circuit enables any point in the coordinate system to be defined as the resting position and the center of control upon command by the operator.
Low amplitude cyclic deformation and crack nucleation in copper and copper-aluminum bicrystals☆

Abstract This investigation was undertaken to study the compatability of deformation across the grain boundary in bicrystals subjected to cyclic deformation. Copper and α-copper-aluminum alloy birystals possessing a longitudinal planar grain boundary were grown from the melt, and cycled axially between reversed strain limits in a closed-loop testing machine. Hysteresis behavior was recorded in conjunction with optical microscopic studies of slip striations. The study shows that the active slip systems are determined by the effects of elastic and plastic anisotropy and by compatibility requirements instead of by the resolved external stress. Elastic anisotropy is as important as plastic incompatibility in controlling slip and crack formation in the vicinity of the grain boundary, although incompatibility effects did not influence the cyclic hardening behavior as much as alloy content did. Cracks formed within the boundary-affected regions of incompatible bierystals but throughout the bands of primary slip in compatible specimens. Cracks in the grain boundary appear as a result of propagation between slip band cracks in the adjacent crystals.
A procedure for testing the ability of whole building energy simulation programs to thermally model the building fabric

A procedure was developed for systematically testing whole building energy simulation models and diagnosing the sources of predictive disagreements. Field trials of the method were conducted with a number of detailed state-of-the-art programs by researchers from nations participating in International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 12 and Annex 21. The technique consists of a series of carefully specified test case buildings that progress systematically from extremely simple to relatively realistic. Output values for the cases, such as annual loads, annual maximum and minimum temperatures, peak loads, and some hourly data are compared, and used in conjunction with diagnostic logic to determine the algorithm responsible for prediction differences. The more realistic cases, while geometrically simple, test the ability of the programs to model such combined effects as thermal mass, direct solar gain windows, window shading devices, internally generated heat, infiltration, sunspaces, earth coupling, and deadband and setback thermostat control. The more simplified cases facilitate diagnosis by allowing excitation of particular heat transfer mechanisms. The procedure was very effective at revealing bugs, faulty algorithms, and input errors in a group of building energy simulation programs that may be considered among the world`s best. The output data from the simulation programs can be usedmore » as reference ranges for comparing and diagnosing other detailed or simplified design tools.« less
Unoriented two-stage DEA: The case of the oscillating intermediate products

Abstract Data envelopment analysis (DEA) allows us to evaluate the relative efficiency of each of a set of decision-making units (DMUs). However, the methodology does not permit us to identify specific sources of inefficiency because DEA views the DMU as a “black box” that consumes a mix of inputs and produces a mix of outputs. Thus, DEA does not provide a DMU manager with insight regarding the internal source of the organization’s inefficiency. Recent methodological developments have extended the basic DEA methodology to allow the analyst to “look inside” the DMU and model the network of production processes that comprise the organization. In such models, sub-DMUs consume inputs from outside the DMU and intermediate products from other sub-DMUs to produce outputs that flow out of the DMU and intermediate products that flow into other sub-DMUs. In this paper, we present an unoriented two-stage DEA model to measure efficiency in situations in which analysts seek to simultaneously reduce input quantities and increase output quantities. The methodology extends previous work in which the model must be either input-oriented or output-oriented. The key to the methodology is an iterative algorithm that alternates between an input-oriented “push backward” step and an output-oriented “push forward” step that is characterized by damped oscillations in the intermediate products. We apply the methodology to Major League Baseball teams during the 2009 season to demonstrate how this approach provides a deeper understanding of each team’s operations.
Hair tourniquet syndrome in the dental patient.

Abstract Hair tourniquet syndrome is a condition where a hair becomes entangled around an appendage. In some cases a knot will form and the resulting tightened noose will slowly strangulate the appendage. Rarely, this condition will affect the oral cavity, but even more rarely, this condition will affect a dental structure.
How toads breathe: control of air flow to and from the lungs by the nares in Bufo marinus.

The external nares rarely close completely during positive pressure lung filling in Bufo marinus. Simultaneous measurement of airflow at the nares and transnarial pressure revealed continuous airflow (out) during lung emptying (nares open) and the subsequent lung filling (nares partially closed). Expiratory minute volume (VE) measured at the nares is consistently greater than VE from the lungs because the buccal contents are being simultaneously forced into the lungs and out the partially closed nares. The relation between narial resistance and ventilatory parameters during hypercapnia was investigated to determine if control of the narial aperture is an important variable related to the volume of air transferred to and from the lungs and buccal chamber. Buccal frequency decreased (from 73 to 30/min) and buccal TE (time for expiratory air flow at the nares) increased (from 0.28 to 0.41 sec) when breathing 2% CO2. Mean narial resistance was 0.40 cm H2O/L . min, maximum narial resistance was 0.44 cm H2O/L . min, and both were uninfluenced by CO2. Lung ventilation frequency increased with 2% CO2 (from 5.3 to 20.8/min). TE of lung ventilation cycles remained constant (about 0.45 sec) while VTE (expiratory tidal volume at the nares) increased from 0.73 to 0.90 ml/100 g. Mean narial resistance during lung ventilations decreased from 3.80 to 1.76 cm H2O/L . min with 2% CO2. Maximum narial resistance during lung ventilations was unchanged. It is concluded that the nares may remain open for a longer proportion of each lung ventilation cycle during hypercapnic hyperpnea.
Filamin isogene expression during mouse myogenesis.

The developmental pattern of filamin gene expression has been studied in mouse embryos by using in situ hybridization. The probes used were isoform specific, 35S-labeled antisense complementary ribonucleic acids (cRNAs) to the 3` untranslated region (3` UTR) of muscle-specific and nonmuscle-specific filamin genes. Northern blot and in situ hybridization results showed that nonmuscle-specific filamin transcripts had a size of 9.5 kb and were expressed in all nonmuscle tissues. Labeling was most intense in tissues containing a substantial proportion of epithelial and smooth muscle cells. Muscle-specific filamin transcripts had a size of 10 kb and were expressed primarily in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The expression of muscle-specific filamin messenger ribonucleicacids (mRNAs) was detected in heart at 8.0 days after coitum, whereas that in the myotomes of somites was not detected until 10.5 days after coitum. The expression of muscle-specific filamin mRNAs in heart and in skeletal muscle continued through the subsequent days of myogenesis. The results showed that muscle-specific filamin gene transcripts are detected before the formation of myotubes in vivo. This is the first study of filamin gene expression at the early stages of skeletal muscle development. Dev Dyn 2000;217:99–108. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The reaction of human plasma α1-antitrypsin with cyanogen bromide

1. 1. Human plasma α1-antitrypsin was subjected to cyanogen bromide cleavage and the peptide fragments were separated into 7 fractions. 2. 2. The F-4 fraction was further separated into 2 peptides, F-4a and F-4b containing 19 and 24 amino acid residues, respectively. 3. 3. The F-5 fraction contained only 1 major peptide consisting of 11 amino acid residues. 4. 4. The F-7 fraction was composed of 2 fragments, F-7a (homoserine) and F-7b, (a tripeptide). 5. 5. The amino acid sequences of peptide F-4b and F-5 were determined. 6. 6. The two 1/2 cystine residues in the native α1-antitrypsin occur in a disulfide linkage.
Evolution of the Cape Henry Front

The evolution of a front that forms inshore of the main Chesapeake Bay plume, near Cape Henry, Virginia, United States, was observed during a period of downwelling-favorable winds in May 1999. A novel aspect of this study was the use of an underway, horizontally-oriented acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to map the front and to study its evolving shape. Measurements made during flood tide show the front forming about 2 km from shore and then advancing shoreward (at about 20 cm s−1) over dense, inshore water. Measurements made while anchored 1 km from shore show the surface salinity increasing during ebb tide, then abruptly decreasing during flood tide as the front moves inshore. To account for this cycle of events, a conceptual model is proposed in which dense water upwells to the surface during ebb tide near Cape Henry, helping to set the stage for frontal formation on the flood. The cyclic recurrence of this Cape Henry front so close to the mouth of the bay may provide a mechanism for recirculating estuarine material that would otherwise be transported southward in the coastal buoyancy current.
Cumulant expansion of time-correlation functions for collisional energy transfer

We derive properties of moments and cumulants of time-correlation functions of transition amplitudes, from which one can obtain cross sections for energy transfer into extended polyatomic systems. In particular, we find relations among moments or cumulants which result from detailed balance when the target is initially in thermal equilibrium. We also derive constraints on cumulants which must be followed so that the time-correlation functions are characteristic functions for positive probability densities, as required by physical considerations.
Coupling pore-scale networks to continuum-scale models of porous media

Network modeling is a useful tool for investigating pore-scale behavior and in some cases for determining macroscopic information such as permeability, relative permeability, and capillary pressure. Physically representative network models are particularly useful because quantitative and predictive results can be obtained. In the past, network models have been used as stand-alone tools for predicting flow behavior at the pore scale. In these cases, simple boundary conditions such as a pressure gradient in one direction are generally imposed on the network. However, with the increasing emphasis on multiscale modeling techniques, the real potential of network models is as a bridge from the pore to the continuum scale. In this context, continuum-scale and pore-scale models are used jointly; pore-scale behavior is upscaled and substituted into a continuum-scale simulator. Methods for integrating these techniques are being developed, and one important question is how to match boundary conditions for the two scales. In this work, physically representative network models created from computer-generated sphere packings are coupled to adjacent continuum-scale models. By coupling the two regions, realistic boundary conditions are enforced, which reflect the heterogeneity of the packed bed as well as the resistance of the adjacent medium. Results of the direct coupling show that both pore-scale phenomena and macroscopic behavior (such as flowrate) are significantly different than when these same parameters are obtained by implementing simple (decoupled) boundary conditions.