cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rotating Detonation Combustor Research at the University of Cincinnati

Rotating detonation combustors (RDC) are at the forefront of pressure gain combustion (PGC) research. The simplicity in design and the ease of assembly makes it a promising technology that could be integrated into existing combustor architectures. This is, however, coupled with the considerable complexities of the detonation-based flow field, and the associated modes and coupling mechanisms. The current paper is an overview of the research done at the University of Cincinnati to address some of the challenges and questions pertaining to the physics of RDC operation. Issues such as combustor geometry, injection schemes and mixing, varied reactants behavior and modes of RDC operation are discussed. The effects of pressurization of the combustor, along with other detonation enhancement strategies are also deliberated upon. When appropriate, parallels are drawn to the phenomena of high frequency combustion instabilities to address the similarities in observations between the two fields.
Time delay tags for commercial ground penetrating radars

In this paper, UHF ultra-wideband (UWB) tags with varying delay line are presented for potential underground usage with ground penetrating radars (GPR). Tags are constructed with UWB circular planar antennas with low cut off frequencies below 800 MHz. These delay line tags come in three different forms: simple linear polarization, cross polarization tags to decrease clutter and polarization independent tags to decrease user error. Additional methods to deploy these systems on underground pipes are discussed along with simulated and actual A-scans and B-scans from a vector network analyzer (VNA).
Impact of dispersants on dissolution of itraconazole from drug-loaded, surfactant-free, spray-dried nanocomposites

Abstract Dissolution of poorly soluble drugs can be improved by wet-milling their suspensions and drying the suspensions to form nanocomposites. Different classes of dispersants and their concentration can affect both nanoparticle aggregation in the suspensions and drug dissolution from the nanocomposites. In this study, we examine the impact of various classes of dispersants on nanoparticle aggregation–dissolution of itraconazole (ITZ) from spray-dried wet-milled ITZ nanosuspensions. 2.5% hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and their combination were used as baseline dispersant formulations. Mannitol and sucrose, as model water-soluble dispersants, were added to the wet-milled ITZ suspensions with HPC. As swellable dispersants, superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crospovidone (CP), and croscarmellose sodium (CCS) were wet-co-milled with ITZ–HPC. The wet-milled suspensions were spray-dried to prepare nanocomposites. Laser diffraction results show that wet milling with HPC–SDS and HPC with concentration at/above 4.5% led to a median drug size below ~0.20 μm due to electrosteric and steric stabilizing effects, respectively. Their nanocomposites led to immediate, fast ITZ release: >%80 dissolved in 20 min. Unlike these suspensions, other suspensions with mannitol, sucrose, and superdisintegrants along with HPC exhibited more aggregation and pseudoplasticity. Nonetheless, the addition of these dispersants resulted in faster drug release especially at higher concentrations, as quantified by the higher value of the product kn of the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, due to faster erosion/disintegration of the nanocomposite matrix. Wet co-milled superdisintegrants achieved faster drug release than mannitol and sucrose. Their dissolution impact was positively correlated with their swelling capacity (SSG > CCS > CP), which signifies a swelling-induced erosion/disintegration mechanism. Surfactant-free nanocomposites with >60% drug loading that exhibited immediate drug release were prepared with either HPC–co-milled SSG/CCS or HPC with optimal concentration.
Replacement Bisphenols Adversely Affect Mouse Gametogenesis with Consequences for Subsequent Generations

Summary 20 years ago, accidental bisphenol A (BPA) exposure caused a sudden increase in chromosomally abnormal eggs from our control mice [1]. Subsequent rodent studies demonstrated developmental effects of exposure with repercussions on adult health and fertility (e.g., [2–9]; reviewed in [10–17]). Studies in monkeys, humans, fish, and worms suggest BPA effects extend across species (e.g., [18–30]; reviewed in [31–33]). Widespread use has resulted in ubiquitous environmental contamination and human BPA exposure. Consumer concern resulted in "BPA-free" products produced using structurally similar bisphenols that are now detectable environmental and human contaminants (e.g., [34–41]). We report here studies initiated by meiotic changes mirroring our previous BPA experience and implicating exposure to BPS (a common BPA replacement) from damaged polysulfone cages. Like with BPA [1, 2, 5], our data show that exposure to common replacement bisphenols induces germline effects in both sexes that may affect multiple generations. These findings add to growing evidence of the biological risks posed by this class of chemicals. Rapid production of structural variants of BPA and other EDCs circumvents efforts to eliminate dangerous chemicals, exacerbates the regulatory burden of safety assessment, and increases environmental contamination. Our experience suggests that these environmental contaminants pose a risk not only to reproductive health but also to the integrity of the research environment. EDCs, like endogenous hormones, can affect diverse processes. The sensitivity of the germline allows us to detect effects that, although not immediately apparent in other systems, may induce variability that undermines experimental reproducibility and impedes scientific advancement.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Alternative Approaches for Ranking Hospital Performance

Assessing and reporting hospital performance has become a worldwide phenomenon. How performance is measured and ranked may determine results. This study evaluates the implications of alternative methods of aggregating hospital performance measures. Data are from patient abstracts and financial Medicare reports from U.S. acute hospitals in 2009, as cleaned and prepared by the Thomson-Reuters 100 Top Hospitals initiative. We evaluate the stability of individual hospital rankings under rank averaging and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Rankings of individual hospitals can shift across four quartiles with inclusion or exclusion of different performance dimensions or when using rank averaging versus DEA. Comparing DEA models with rank averaging, only one third of cases remain in the same quartile, and one third move two or more quartiles. Two proposed DEA models are more similar. Selection among commonly used variables substantially affects the results in ranking hospitals and the method of ranking (DEA vs. r...
Intralesional Cidofovir for Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Laryngeal Herpes Manifesting as Supraglottic Mass.

Introduction:Laryngopharyngeal herpes simplex virus infection is rare and presents typically in the supraglottis. Findings on presentation can range from small mucosal lesions to fungating obstruct...
The Use of Telehealth in School-Based Health Centers

Telehealth is a growing model of delivering health care. School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide access to health care for youth in schools and increasingly use telehealth in care delivery. This article examines the recent growth of telehealth use in SBHCs, and characteristics of SBHCs using telehealth, including provider types, operational characteristics, and schools and students served. The percentage of SBHCs using telehealth grew from 7% in 2007-2008 to 19% in 2016-2017. Over 1 million students in over 1800 public schools have access to an SBHC using telehealth, which represents 2% of students and nearly 2% of public schools in the United States. These SBHCs are primarily in rural communities and sponsored by hospitals. This growing model presents an opportunity to expand health care access to youth, particularly in underserved areas in the United States and globally. Further research is needed to fully describe how telehealth programs are implemented in school settings and their potential impacts.
Mapping Human Chromosomes

A central problem in cytogenetics is mapping the location of each gene. This involves determining their linear order and the physical distance and frequency of meiotic recombination between all components of each chromosome, especially the genes. The rate of progress in mapping the human chromosomes has increased rapidly. As recently as 1990, only about 1 % of our genes had been mapped, many of them not very accurately. In contrast, a recent paper describes a physical map of over 30,000 genes, estimated to be between one-third and one-half of the total human complement (Deloukas et al., 1998). It is no longer possible to maintain an up-to-date catalog in book form. The twelfth edition of Mendelian Inheritance in Man (McKusick, 1997) has mapping information on more than 4000 genes of known function. It is now accessible as an on-line database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim) known as OMIM. This is the only form in which the rapidly burgeoning body of information can be kept current.
Complicating Traditional Understandings of Familismo: Precariousness in the Lives of Queer Latino Men in College

The cultural value of familismo is regarded as one of the main sources of support and reliance among Latina/o families. However, such familial dynamics can be challenged when involving sexual ident...
Newer approaches and novel drugs for inhalational therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by remodeling of small pulmonary arteries leading to increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Existing treat...
Cavity-less Quantum Optomechanics with Nanostring Mechanical Resonators

We report our research effort to realize single-pass optomechanical systems with sensitivity surpassing the quantum backaction limit. We fabricate high-Q nanostring resonators with 1D phononic crystal shields to reduce mechanical dissipation.
Interval Deep Learning for Uncertainty Quantification in Safety Applications.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming more prevalent in important safety-critical applications, where reliability in the prediction is paramount. Despite their exceptional prediction capabilities, current DNNs do not have an implicit mechanism to quantify and propagate significant input data uncertainty -- which is common in safety-critical applications. In many cases, this uncertainty is epistemic and can arise from multiple sources, such as lack of knowledge about the data generating process, imprecision, ignorance, and poor understanding of physics phenomena. Recent approaches have focused on quantifying parameter uncertainty, but approaches to end-to-end training of DNNs with epistemic input data uncertainty are more limited and largely problem-specific. In this work, we present a DNN optimized with gradient-based methods capable to quantify input and parameter uncertainty by means of interval analysis, which we call Deep Interval Neural Network (DINN). We perform experiments on an air pollution dataset with sensor uncertainty and show that the DINN can produce accurate bounded estimates from uncertain input data.
Confined thin film wrinkling on shape memory polymer with hybrid surface morphologies

With appropriate stimuli, such as heat, humidity, or magnetic field, shape memory polymers (SMPs) can recover to their original shapes from temporary, programmed states. Using thermal responsive SMPs as substrates, we demonstrate a simple method to realize hybrid surface morphologies through confined thin film wrinkling in localized areas. The bilayer system was fabricated by depositing a layer of aluminum thin film on top of a SMP substrate programmed with a tensile strain. After the system was heated by a heating wire, hybrid wrinkling patterns were formed in a confined circular area around the heat source, with an inner spoke pattern and an outer ring pattern. Wrinkling patterns showed good symmetry, and the size of the wrinkling area can be tuned by controlling the heat input. This study offers a simple but effective approach to fabricate hybrid morphological features in micro-scale. Using thermal responsive SMPs as substrates, we demonstrate a simple method to realize hybrid surface morphologies through confined thin film wrinkling in localized areas. After the system was heated by a heating wire, hybrid wrinkling patterns were formed in a confined circular area around the heat source, with an inner spoke pattern and an outer ring pattern. Wrinkling patterns showed good symmetry, and the size of the wrinkling area can be tuned by controlling the heat input.
¡Yo no Estoy Loca! A Behavioral Health Telenovela Style Entertainment Education Video: Increasing Mental Health Literacy Among Latinas.

Lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards mental health is linked to low utilization of services among Latinxs. Entertainment-education videos have been effective at increasing literacy and reducing stigma across different health domains but Latinxs have not been a focus of research. We developed an E-E video aimed at reducing stigma and increasing mental health literacy. Focus groups (N = 28) and expert consultants (N = 2) were used to aid in the development of the video. After the video was developed, we conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in which Latina participants (N = 111) were assigned to view the video or receive an informational brochure. Results indicated that participants in the video intervention condition experienced statistically significant increases in mental health literacy as compared to the participants in the flyer condition and that both the video and the flyer contributed to shifts in stigma.
Interlude on Collective Action and Colors

Up to now, our discussion has focussed mainly on two core sorts of examples: those, like John and Maly are asleep, which seem clearly to be equivalent in truth conditions to corresponding sentences involving clausal conjunction; and those, like John and Mary are a happy couple, which just as clearly do not (the S/S Analysis notwithstanding). Of course we have seen a variety of other sorts of examples, especially in the historical discussion above, but our central concern has always been with sentences like these two. The reason for this is that simply that these sentences provide relatively clear intuitions of equivalence to clausal conjunction or of reference to a group of individuals. This has allowed us to concentrate on a comparison of competing analyses without the distraction of sorting through the status of other, less clear examples.
Development of a Biofidelic 'Legform' Impact Test Device

Current EuroNCAP test specifications attempt to predict pedestrian lower limb injury in a lateral impact with a rigid legform test device developed by the UK's TRL (Transportation Research Lab). Research shows that the measurements taken from this device (knee bending angle, knee shear, and upper tibia acceleration) do not necessarily correspond to accurate injury prediction. Recent research suggests that the primary improvement to the current test device would be a flexible legform, or one that has more biofidelity (i.e., simulates actual human lower limb response). The work presented in this paper first reviews current legforms developed for pedestrian impact testing, including the TRL impactor used in EuroNCAP tests, Honda's POLAR II pedestrian dummy, and JAMNJARI's FLEX-PLI legform impactor. Component level testing shows the FLEX-PLI performance to be close to the human lower limb response corridors. However, there are still areas of potential improvement with this design. To address these areas, this research includes the phase 1 development of a new legform impactor incorporating adjustable ligament pre-load, direct ligament strain measurements, adjustability in knee flexion to account for the gait cycle, tuned composite bone cores that match the force-deflection curves of PMHS testing, and a condyle load plate that measures knee joint compressive forces. Development techniques include solid modeling, computer-aided manufacturing, composite design and analysis, sensor specifications, and data acquisition. In so doing, the injury specifications set by the EEVC will be modified to account for the more accurate injury assessment of the improved device.
Control of Ornithine δ-Transaminase in Rat Liver and Kidney

Abstract Ornithine δ-transaminase activity in the livers of rats, on a commercial diet from 21 days after birth, increased to a maximum at about 35 days of age and decreased thereafter, reaching the 21-day level by about 120 days after birth. Under the same conditions the activity in the kidneys also reached a maximum at about 35 days but did not decline thereafter. One reason for the difference in the shapes of the developmental curves for ornithine δ-transaminase activity for the two organs appeared to depend on different responses to dietary components. The activity in the livers of younger animals was increased by a high nitrogen intake and was decreased by restricting the nitrogen intake. In older animals, high nitrogen intake did not increase ornithine δ-transaminase activity. The activity in kidneys of either young or older rats did not decrease on a restricted nitrogen intake, and the changes in total and specific activities brought about by dietary protein depended on the total food intake. Fasting decreased total ornithine δ-transaminase activity in both liver and kidney, but did not change the specific activities. With carbohydrate as the sole food source, liver activity decreased but kidney activity increased. In experiments with amino acids added to the diet, liver ornithine δ-transaminase activity was decreased by added arginine and increased by arginine deficiency, or increased ingestion of glycine or serine. The activity in kidney was increased by dietary leucine, valine, and isoleucine, all of which are known to inhibit the ornithine δ-transaminase reaction per se and decreased by extra glutamate in the diet. The only response observed in regard to ornithine δ-transaminase which is common to liver and kidney was a significant increase of activity in response to dietary methionine. This methionine-induced increase of activity was apparently not decreased by arginine in the case of liver or by glutamate in the case of kidney. It is speculated that ornithine δ-transaminase may exist in liver and kidney in two different forms, the former functioning in the direction of arginine synthesis and the latter in the direction of arginine metabolism to glutamate.
Medium resolution transmission measurements of CO2 at high temperature—an update

Abstract The current work presents updated measurements of narrow-band transmission for the 2.0, 2.7 and 4.3 μ m bands of CO 2 at temperatures of up to 1550 K. In addition, measurements for the 15 μ m band of CO 2 are also presented for the first time. Data were collected with an improved drop tube design (as compared to the earlier measurements) and an FTIR-spectrometer. The measured data were compared with the CDSD and HITEMP databases, as well as with previous data obtained from the old drop tube apparatus. The new data have less uncertainties at extreme temperatures than the old data and eliminate some of the problems associated with subtraction of the emission signal with the old apparatus. The data show minor discrepancies with the high-resolution databases, particularly with HITEMP at higher temperatures, but in general agreement is good.
An Experimental Investigation of Presupposition Projection in Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences with a presupposition trigger in the consequent— if φ, then ψ_p—show peculiar projection properties. That is, the entire sentence suggests that p in some cases, and that φ → p in other cases. We report on the results of two sentence-picture matching experiments that indicate that the perceived dependence of the presupposition p on the antecedent φ affects which inference is made. The results are also used to compare two major theories of presupposition projection, and we argue that the theory that postulates φ → p as the presupposition of all conditional sentences explains the results more straightforwardly than its competitor.
Inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of death and hospitalization: time-dependent analysis.

Observational studies of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown improved survival whereas randomized trials have not. It has been suggested that this difference may be due to immortal time bias. To investigate this further, we performed a prospective cohort study of patients with COPD, using time-dependent methods to determine whether use of inhaled corticosteroids more than 80% of the time reduced the risk of all-cause mortality and COPD exacerbations. Of 8,033 patients, 2,686 (33%) received inhaled corticosteroids. We did not find a significant reduction in mortality for average inhaled steroid use at either low (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–1.33) or medium/high dose (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.67–1.10). Similarly, recent inhaled corticosteroid use was not associated with a reduction in mortality at low (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60–1.07) or medium/high doses (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71–1.09). There was no association between inhaled corticostero...
Geography, Science, and Subjectivity: Farm Animal Welfare in the United States and Europe

In the US and Europe, factory farm animal welfare has become a matter of significant public concern, leading to increased scientific research on animal welfare in order to guide public policy. In both locations, scientific opinion is growing that farm animals’ welfare is directly related to their capacities for subjective experiences and, as a result, increased research is on cognition, behavior, and emotions. The geography of science and animal geography literatures have broadly examined, respectively but with overlap, the social construction of scientific knowledge and ideas about animal subjectivity. This article argues that these literatures should be further employed to better understand the current construction and social negotiation of the concept of farm animal welfare in Europe and particularly in the US, specifically through the exploration of three significant spaces of knowledge production: the geopolitical environments of the US and Europe, the particular scientific research spaces, and animal spaces or the “locations” of their subjectivity.
A primal-dual approximation algorithm for min-sum single-machine scheduling problems

We consider the following single-machine scheduling problem, which is often denoted 1||Σfj: we are given n jobs to be scheduled on a single machine, where each job j has an integral processing time pj, and there is a nondecreasing, nonnegative cost function fj (Cj) that specifies the cost of finishing j at time Cj; the objective is to minimize n Σj=1n fj (Cj). Bansal & Pruhs recently gave the first constant approximation algorithm and we improve on their 16-approximation algorithm, by giving a primal-dual pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm that finds a solution of cost at most twice the optimal cost, and then show how this can be extended to yield, for any e > 0, a (2 + e)-approximation algorithm for this problem. Furthermore, we generalize this result to allow the machine's speed to vary over time arbitrarily, for which no previous constant-factor approximation algorithm was known.
Bremsstrahlung X ray spectra of JUpiter and Saturn: Predictions for future planetary spacecraft

Calculations of X-ray spectra due to bremsstrahlung from precipitating auroral electrons of Jupiter and Saturn are presented. The model assumes that a field-aligned potential drop accelerates a primary beam of electrons into the atmosphere where a population of secondary electrons having a power law energy dependence is generated. The spectrum at Jupiter is normalized to the soft X-ray observations of Metzger et al. (1983) at the low-energy end and constrained at the high-energy end by UV auroral energy requirements. The spectrum at Saturn is constructed by analogy to the Jovian case allowing for variation of the beam energy, energy flux, and scale size of the Saturnian aurora. The results indicate that a significant flux of X-rays is emanating from both planets which may serve as a basis for conducting planetary X-ray astronomy as a part of future spacecraft missions to the planets.
Adapting syntax in writing to varying audiences as a function of age and social cognitive ability.

Fourth-, eighth-, twelfth-graders and expert adults each wrote persuasive messages to three audiences arrayed along a dimension of intimacy to writer. Measures of social cognitive ability were also obtained. Scripts were analysed for (1) fluency, (2) subordination, (3) clause length, (4) logical adverbial clauses, and (5) conjunctions of conclusion. In addition to general developmental trends, results indicated effects of audience adaptation and of mediation of social cognitive ability. Findings support the view that evidence of later language development must be interpreted in light of communicative demands of tasks and subjects' rhetorical skills.
Ginzburg-Landau theory, strong coupling corrections and exchange enhancements: Can spin fluctuations give high Tc's?

Abstract Ginzburg-Landau theory is used to explore the thermodynamic and electrodynamic properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ , and to determine γ, m ∗ /m and the exchange enhancement. This material is found to be in a moderately strong coupling regime, intermediate between dirty and clean limits; strong coupling corrections are estimated. It is shown that, irrespective of the choice of the carrier density, spin fluctuations are unable to give a sufficiently large T c . An upper bound is given for the T c due spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing.
Mutations in apoptosis-related gene, PDCD10, cause cerebral cavernous malformation 3.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the CCM3 gene in a population of 61 families with a positive family history of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), 8 of which had suggestive linkage to the CCM3 locus. METHODS: We searched for mutations within the CCM3 interval using a high-throughput screening technique, temperature-gradient capillary electrophoresis. Mutations detected by this device were subsequently sequenced, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: A recent study by Bergametti et al. established Programmed Cell Death 10 (PDCD10) as the gene responsible for CCM3. We hereby confirm PDCD10 as the CCM3 gene by reporting four novel mutations in 61 CCM families. Two of these mutations were identical and produced a stop codon in exon 7. Another two resulted in frameshift mutations in exon 6, although the mutations occurred at different points along the exon. The last mutation caused a frameshift in exon 9. Of note, mutations in these families completely cosegregated with the trait. Three of the five families had prior linkage data suggestive of the CCM3 locus, whereas the remaining two were identified in index patients with a positive family history but no linkage data. CONCLUSION: Our data establish PDCD10 as the gene responsible for CCM in families linking to the CCM3 locus. The discovery of the third gene involved in inherited forms of CCM, after KRIT1 and Malcavernin, is an important step toward dissecting the molecular pathophysiology of this disease.
MRI-based semi-automatic pelvimetry measurement for pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pelvimetry measurements are useful in the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse given the inaccuracy of clinical examination. However, MRI measurements are currently performed manually and can be inconsistent, time-consuming and inaccurate. In this paper, we present a scheme for semi-automatic measurements on MR images based on multi scale wavelet analysis. The experiments on the MR images show that the presented scheme can detect the points of reference on the pelvic bone structure to determine the lines needed for the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse. This may lead towards more accurate and faster pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis on dynamic MR studies, and possible screening procedures for predicting predisposition to pelvic organ prolapse by radiologic evaluation of pelvimetry measurements.
Implementation of Upper Multinomial Bound Using Clustering

Abstract The multinomial bound is a nonparametric bound for a finite population total when most elements have a value of zero and the remaining elements have positive values, such as occur in accounting and in threshold problems in the physical and biological sciences. Up to now, computational difficulties have restricted use of the multinomial bound to cases where the sample contains eight or less errors. The use of clustered errors described in this paper extends use of the multinomial bound to cases where the sample contains up to 25 errors, with only moderate loss in tightness of the bound.
Does Weight Loss Improve Incontinence in Moderately Obese Women

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight reduction on urinary incontinence in moderately obese women. This prospective cohort study enrolled moderately obese women experiencing four or more incontinence episodes per week. BMI and a 7-day urinary diary were collected at baseline and on the completion of weight reduction. The study included 10 women with a mean (þSD) baseline BMI of 38.3 (þ10.1) kg/m2 and 13 (þ10) incontinent episodes per week. Participants had a mean BMI reduction of 5.3 (þ6.2) kg/m2 (P<0.03). Among women achieving a weight loss of ≥5%, 6/6 had ≥50% reduction in incontinence frequency compared to 1 in 4 women with <5% weight loss (P<0.03). Incontinence episodes decreased to 8 (þ10) per week following weight reduction (P<0.07). The study demonstrated an association between weight reduction and improved urinary incontinence. Weight reduction should be considered for moderately obese women as part of non-surgical therapy for incontinence.
Photometric Study of the Eccentric-Orbit Binary V1147 Cygni

We report photometric observations, an analysis of the resulting light curve, and a preliminary model for the eclipsing binary V1147 Cygni (GSC 2660-2608; ). V1147 Cyg is a detached eclipsing m p 12.0 V system of A-type stars. The sidereal period of the system is 15.2513228(7) days, with an eccentric orbit of e p 0.275(12) and evidence of apsidal motion on the order of 0 .80(11) per century. Our analysis indicates that the stars are well separated and should yield precise main-sequence dimensions. Thus, this is a valuable system in several respects. Online material: extended table
Electrolytic hydrogen from thin-film solar cells

Abstract In the last few years there have been rapid advances in thin-film solar cell technology. Industry projections indicate that 12–18% efficient photovoltaic (PV) cells costing $0.20-0.40 per peak Watt could become available by the year 2000. If these goals are realized, hydrogen could be produced via PV-powered electrolysis in sunny areas such as the Southwestern United States at costs of $9–14 per GJ. The lifecycle cost of using PV hydrogen for transport and home heating would then be comparable to using coal-based synthetic fuels or electricity (from coal or nuclear sources), if energy efficiency is stressed in energy use. If concerns about the build-up of atmospheric CO 2 lead to restrictions on the future use of carbon-based fossil fuels, it appears that PV hydrogen could offer an environmentally benign and economically acceptable alternative beginning early in the next century.
Does Institutional Aid Compensate for or Comply with State Policy

To what extent does state policy for student financial aid affect the distribution of institutional aid awarded to students at public institutions? Using data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey we employ a Tobit model to investigate the relationship between student characteristics, including family income and academic qualifications, and the amount of student financial aid awarded from institutional sources at public masters’ and bachelors’ degree granting institutions. We then ask if the institutional aid is awarded in a manner that complements or compensates for the student financial aid policy in the state. The results support our hypothesis that state policy for student financial aid affects the distribution of institutional aid, but instead of institutional compensation for state policy, we observe what appears to be compliance.
Empirical estimation in average Markov control processes

This work concerns discrete-time Markov control processes with unbounded costs and unknown disturbance distribution θ. Assuming observability of the random disturbance, we estimate θ using its empirical estimator, which, combined with a variant of the vanishing discount factor approach, yields average cost optimal policies.
Cation-induced aggregation of cat Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and its possible role in feline urolithiasis.

Summary The in vitro cation-induced aggregation properties of cat Tamm-Horsfall protein (cTHP), a urinary glycoprotein, were examined and related to the potential role of cTHP in feline urolithiasis. The aggregation assay involved adding either CaCl2, MgCl2, or NaCl to solutions containing purified cTHP, and then separating the aggregated cTHP by centrifugation. The concentration of cTHP remaining in the supernatant was quantified using a previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect that buffer pH, cTHP concentration, and urea concentration had on cTHP aggregation also were examined. Of the three salts, CaCl2 consistently was most efficient at precipitating cTHP, while MgCl2 was slightly less efficient. At least ten times more NaCl than CaCl2 or MgCl2 was required for comparable cTHP aggregation. As the pH decreased, increasing concentrations of the salts were required to aggregate cTHP. Increased amounts of CaCl2 and MgCl2 also were required to aggregate cTHP when the urea concentration was increased. As cTHP concentration increased within the physiological range, lower concentrations of CaCl2 and MgCl2 were required to precipitate 50% of the cTHP. Several aspects of the in vitro aggregation properties of cTHP correlate closely with previously identified risk factors for feline urolithiasis, strengthening the theory that cTHP aggregation may be important in this disease.
Spectroscopy of laser-induced dielectric breakdown in gas mixtures

Abstract Laser-induced dielectric breakdown has been used to initiate fragmentation in molecular gases and gas mixtures. The emission spectra of the atoms, ions, and molecular fragments has been assigned and used to identify specific components of given mixtures. While this study only reports on mixtures of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, the technique is general and does not rely on laser absorption in any component of the mixtures.
Preparation of CsI(Tl) for charged particle detection

Abstract For packaging CsI(Tl) scintillators, thin aluminum leaf, rather than aluminized Mylar, is used as the reflective entrance window and as a light barrier between crystals. A uniform, thin, diffuse reflective layer on the sides of the crystals is made from a mixture of TiO2 powder and low-viscosity epoxy.
Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma☆

Abstract The lineage and fate of each blastomere in the 32-cell embryo of the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma have been traced by microinjection of tetramethylrhodamine-dextran. The results reveal substantive evolutionary modifications of the ancestral cell lineage pattern of indirect sea urchin development. Significant among these modifications are changes in the time and order of cell lineage segregation: vegetal ectodermal founder cells consistently arise earlier than during indirect development, while internal founder cells generally segregate later and in a different sequence. Modifications have also arisen in proportions of the embryo fated to become various cell types and larval structures. Ectodermal fates, particularly vestibular ectoderm, comprise a greater proportion of the total cellular volume in H. erythrogramma. Among internal cell types, coelom consumes more and endoderm less of the remaining cellular volume than during indirect sea urchin development. Evolutionary modifications are also apparent in the positional origin of larval cell types and structures in H. erythrogramma. These include an apparent tilt in the axis of prospective cell fate relative to the animal-vegetal axis as defined by cleavage planes. Together these evolutionary changes in the cell lineage of H. erythrogramma produce an accelerated loss of dorsoventral symmetry in cell fate relative to indirect development. The extent and diversity of rearrangements in its cell lineage indicate that the nonfeeding larva of H. erythrogramma is a highly modified, novel form rather than a degenerate pluteus larva. These same modifications underscore the evolutionarily flexible relationship between cell lineage, gene expression, and larval morphology in sea urchin development.
Actuator concepts and mechatronics

Mechatronic design implies the consideration of integrated mechanical, electrical, and local control characteristics in electromechanical device design. In this paper, mechatronic development of actuation device concepts for active aircraft aerodynamic flow control are presented and discussed. The devices are intended to be embedded in aircraft aerodynamic surfaces to provide zero-net-momentum jets or additional flow-vorticity to control boundary layers and flow- separation. Two synthetic jet device prototypes and one vorticity-on-demand prototype currently in development are described in the paper. The aspects of actuation materials, design approaches to generating jets and vorticity, and the integration of miniaturized electronics are stressed.
Ochrobactrum anthropi septic arthritis: case report and implications in orthopedic infections

Ochrobactrum anthropi is a rare cause of orthopedic infections. We report the second case of Ochrobactrum anthropi septic arthritis in the literature. Our case highlights the ability of Ochrobactrum anthropi to cause septic arthritis and its relevance in the field of orthopedic infections.
Modelling in magnesium alloy with superplastic layer: implications for shear in fault zones induced in olivine by phase transformation

Analysis of a recently discovered high-pressure phase-transformation-induced mechanism of shear failure in Mg2Ge04 olivine has produced evidence that sliding in the resulting fault zone is accomplished by superplastic flow of the extremely fine-grained high-density phase produced during the transformation. This failure mechanism is of interest because it may be the mechanism by which deep earthquakes are generated in the earth's mantle. To gain insight into this process, we have conducted model tensile experiments on coarse-grained, non-superplastic, specimens of Mg-15%Mn-0.3%Ce alloy, within which a fine-grained, superplastic, planar zone was fabricated at an orientation of 45 ° to the stress axis. Flow was largely restricted to shear offset within the superplastic zone. The experiments were interrupted periodically and microstructural observations were made. Repeated detailed observation of several regions at different strain levels showed that the main mechanism of shear operative in the superplastic region was grain-boundary sliding occurring in a layer-by-layer manner. The common features of microstructural change observed in the magnesium alloy and in the Mg2Ge04 olivine fault zones suggests that such cooperative grain-boundary sliding could be the mechanism of fault propagation in the deep earth and therefore important for understanding deep-focus earthquakes.
Midcourse guidance for mariner mars 1964.

Earth-based midcourse guidance for Mariner Mars 1964 space probe, using small rocket engine to obtain desired trajectory correction
Light-induced liquid crystallinity

A new class of liquid crystals is reported that undergoes light-induced ordering and order-increasing phase transitions; possible applications include ophthalmic devices, such as variable transmission sunglasses. As a rule, photoresponsive liquid crystals such as azobenzenes become structurally disordered on exposure to light. In a few instances, however, the reverse has been reported, so that in certain conditions the crystals can become more ordered. Here, Kosa et al. demonstrate a new class of naphthopyran-based liquid crystals that takes the latter behaviour much further, displaying a variety of ordering transitions: from isotropic to nematic, from isotropic to cholesteric and from nematic to smectic. With appropriate functionalization of the naphthopyran dyes, their isotropic-to-nematic transition results in a clear to strongly absorbing dichroic state. These properties could be useful in a variety of applications, not least in ophthalmic devices such as polarized variable-transmission sunglasses. Liquid crystals are traditionally classified as thermotropic, lyotropic or polymeric, based on the stimulus that governs the organization and order of the molecular system1. The most widely known and applied class of liquid crystals are a subset of thermotropic liquid crystals known as calamitic, in which adding heat can result in phase transitions from or into the nematic, cholesteric and smectic mesophases. Photoresponsive liquid-crystal materials and mixtures can undergo isothermal phase transitions if light affects the order parameter of the system within a mesophase sufficiently. In nearly all previous examinations, light exposure of photoresponsive liquid-crystal materials and mixtures resulted in order-decreasing photo-induced isothermal phase transitions2. Under specialized conditions, an increase in order with light exposure has been reported, despite the tendency of the photoresponsive liquid-crystal system to reduce order in the exposed state3,4,5,6,7. A direct, photo-induced transition from the isotropic to the nematic phase has been observed in a mixture of spiropyran molecules and a nematic liquid crystal8. Here we report a class of naphthopyran-based materials that exhibit photo-induced conformational changes in molecular structure capable of yielding order-increasing phase transitions. Appropriate functionalization of the naphthopyran molecules leads to an exceedingly large order parameter in the open form, which results in a clear to strongly absorbing dichroic state. The increase in order with light exposure has profound implications in optics, photonics, lasing and displays and will merit further consideration for applications in solar energy harvesting. The large, photo-induced dichroism exhibited by the material system has been long sought in ophthalmic applications such as photochromic and polarized variable transmission sunglasses.
Computers and society: a proposed course for computer scientists

The purpose of this paper is to describe a course concerned with both the effects of computers on society and the responsibilities of computer scientists to society. The impact of computers is divided into five components: political, economic, cultural, social, and moral; the main part of the paper defines each component and presents examples of the relevant issues. In the remaining portions the possible formats for such a course are discussed, a topic by topic outline is given, and a selected set of references is listed. It is hoped that the proposal will make it easier to initiate courses on this subject.
Monitoring the interaction of sulfur dioxide with a TiO2(110) surface at 300 K by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) were used to study the interaction of sulfur dioxide with the bulk-terminated (1×1) and the reconstructed (1×2) structure of the TiO 2 (1 1 0) surface at 300 K. During exposure new features appear first on the added rows of the reconstructed (1×2) surface structure. In general these new features are randomly distributed, i.e., no ordered adsorbate phase builds up. However, in some areas locally ordered linear structures can be observed along the (1×2) rows with a periodicity two or three times higher than the substrate. Similar to these observations, randomly distributed spots also appear on single added rows of the (1×2) surface structure that are located on top of the (1×1) structure of the TiO 2 (1 1 0) surface. In contrast, additional features on the (1×1) structure itself can be seen only after higher SO 2 exposure. Here, an ordered adsorbate phase with a (2×1) structure is formed. The new features of this (2×1) structure are located on top of the (1×1) rows along the [0 0 1] direction, which previously have been shown to represent the fivefold coordinated Ti surface cations. Subsequent AE spectra display a single peak in the sulfur region at 151.3 eV, confirming the predominant formation of Ti–S bonds during SO 2 exposures. In LEED a diffuse (1×2) structure with faint (1×2) half-order reflections can be seen, demonstrating the overall disorder on the surface. Point defects on the stoichiometric (1×1) surface structure as well as on the reconstructed (1×2) surface structure are unaffected by SO 2 exposure.
Noncatalytic thermocouple coating for low-pressure flames

In this paper, the authors achieve significant reductions in catalytic heating of BeO-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-coated thermocouples by changing the ceramic composition and the coating methodology. This supports Bittner's picture that the amount of catalysis is dependent upon properties of the coating.
Mechanisms of gene product diversification in Primate carbonic anhydrases

Abstract Genetic and phylogenetic variation in the Primate carbonic anhydrases reflects at least four categories of gene product diversification; gene duplication, variation in quantity of gene product, conformational isozymes, and amino acid substitutions corresponding to single point mutations. Such a degree of diversity within this Primate protein system offers an unusual opportunity to investigate mechanisms of gene action, genome organization, and relationships between enzyme structure and function.
Student trust of teacher as a function of socio‐communicative style of teacher and socio‐communicative orientation of student

A student's trust of a teacher is seen as an important factor in determining the degree to which that student will be open to being taught by that teacher. Trust, then, is seen as a necessary component of a student‐teacher relationship for maximal learning to occur. The present research found that student perceptions of both increased teacher assertiveness and increased teacher responsiveness were associated with increased trust of the teacher. The relationship of perceived assertiveness with trust, however, was mediated by the student's own assertiveness level. Highly assertive teachers produced the most trust in students who were also highly assertive. Increased assertiveness was not associated with increased trust for less assertive students. The positive relationship of teacher responsiveness with student trust was not affected by differing levels of student responsiveness. Highly assertive teachers are cautioned to moderate their assertive behavors when dealing with timid, shy, or reserved students