cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENZYMATIC EFFECTS ON CELL RUPTURE IN PLANT PROTEIN RECOVERY

Investigation of the effects of selected enzymatic pretreatments of alfalfa leaves on plant protein recovery by mechanical expression of cell contents showed significantly higher crude protein recoveries for enzymatically treated extracts as compared with untreated samples. Protein recovery increases were seen for leaves pretreated with a buffered cellulase and a cellulase-pectinase mixture. However, protein recoveries were not increased by pretreatment with a pectinase or a phospholipase. The increases were partly due to nonspecific buffer effects associated with leaching or osmotic shock and were pH dependent. The increases were also partly due to specific enzymatic effects which appear to result from structural degradation of plant tissue, as seen in electron micrographs, leading to enhanced cell rupture and release of cytoplasmic materials. The effect of enzymatic pretreatment is thought to result in accelerated senescence by degrading major structural components which provide rigidity and mechanical strength in plant tissue. This may be primarily related to the degradation of structural polysaccharides of the cell wall and middle lamella.
High-temperature emissivities of complex gas mixtures in the 4.8 μ region

Abstract Emissivities of dilute C-H-O and C-H-O-N gas mixtures have been measured in the 4.8 μ region behind reflected shock waves (2399≤ T , °K≤3093) under near-equilibrium and equilibrium conditions. The emission may be satisfactorily accounted for in terms of emission from equilibrium mixtures of CO 2 , CO and H 2 O.
Comparative Endocrinology of Piscine Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Peptides: Distribution and Activity

Fishes display a variety of anatomical relationships between brain and pituitary to a degree unique among vertebrates. This group is pivotal for understanding evolution of functions of hypophysiotropic peptides. We review information concerning occurrences, distributions and physiological activities of three identified peptides in fish brain, and biological properties of fish brain extracts. Thyrotropin releasing hormone may be present universally in piscine central nervous tissue; however, this peptide has not been clearly demonstrated to have hypophysiotropic activity in fishes. Somatostatin also has been shown to occur in fish brains; studies of actions of this substance are virtually absent. Gonadotropin releasing hormone is apparently of broad occurrence in fishes; its hypophysiotropic activity is well established for several teleostean species. Anatomical relationships between brain and pituitary are particularly varied among elasmobranchs. Investigations involving additional elasmobranch representatives, as well as other fishes, are needed before generalizations can be made. Widespread extrahypothalamic distribution of hypophysiotropic peptides in lower vertebrates and neurotransmitter (or related) functions of neurones containing these peptides provide a basis for proposals concerning evolution of hypothalamic control of the pituitary gland.
Generalized reaction-diffusion textures

We present a method of synthesizing textures based on a modified reaction-diffusion equation. A non-Gaussian model of diffusion is employed to make a new class of textures possible. Whereas the Gaussian diffusion model is characterized by its covariance matrix (a rank-2 tensor), the generalized model of diffusion is characterized by a sequence of tensors of increasing rank which represent higher-order moments of the diffusion displacement probability. A numerical method of solving the new reaction-diffusion equation is described, as well as representative textures generated by this technique. The resulting patterns are inorganic in nature, often featuring sharp corners. The generalized reaction-diffusion textures display spatial inhomogeneity, even when the diffusion process is homogeneous, making it possible to generate complex textures from few parameters when compared with previous techniques employing inhomogeneous reaction-diffusion. The preferred orientations depend on the tensor sequence, and can be inspected prior to texture generation by plotting the non-Gaussian diffusion propagator.
BO3 MOLECULAR STRUCTURES : EXAMPLES OF THE IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRON CORRELATION

In 1991 Burkholder and Andrews reported the spectroscopic identification of the boron-oxygen species BO, BO 2 , B 2 O 2 , B 2 O 3 , and BO 2 - . In addition, they tentatively identified two infrared features due to BO 3 . In this research, a wide range of possible BO 3 structures is considered theoretically. The highest level of theory used involves the CCSD(T) method with an augmented correlation consistent quadruple zeta basis set. A planar structure O-B-O-O is predicted to be the global minimum, lying 4.2 kcal mol -1 below a higher symmetry (C 2v ) structure incorporating a BO 2 isosceles triangle. Reasonable agreement is found between the theoretical vibrational frequencies and the two fundamentals reported by Burkholder and Andrews. The potentially important ozone adduct B-O 3 is predicted to lie much higher in energy.
What are Asian-American youth consuming? A systematic literature review.

Numerous studies have explored dietary practices among children, but there are limited studies on children of Asian background in the US. This review had three aims: (a) review literature regarding Asian-American youth’s dietary behaviors, (b) critically evaluate the methodological quality of such research, and (c) provide recommendations for future nutrition-related research on Asian-American youth. The authors conducted a systematic literature review through MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO), and Embase (Ovid); extracted descriptive data; and evaluated methodological quality. Thirteen articles were included. Major findings included: (a) frequent consumption of milk, fruit, meat, unenriched white rice, vegetables, and high-fat and high-sugar items among Asian-American children and (b) acculturation’s influences on diet, resulting in Asian-American youth consuming diets characterized by both Asian and American foods. Findings from this review may inform education and promotion programs and services for Asian Americans in the US.
Matchings in Arbitrary Graphs

1. Tutte(10) has given necessary and sufficient conditions in order that a finite graph have a perfect matching. A different proof was given by Gallai(4). Berge(1) (and Ore (7)) generalized Tutte's result by determining the maximum cardinality of a matching in a finite graph. In his original proof Tutte used the method of skew symmetric determinants (or pfaffians) while Gallai and Berge used the much exploited method of alternating paths. Another proof of Berge's theorem, along with an efficient algorithm for constructing a matching of maximum cardinality, was given by Edmonds (2). In another paper (12) Tutte extended his conditions for a perfect matching to locally finite graphs.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Netropsin and Natural Circular Dichroism of the Netropsin-DNA Complex

We report the first measurement of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of the basic polypeptide antibiotic netropsin (Nt). The MCD shows that the longest wavelength absorption band of Nt is the sum of more than one component and permits a radically new interpretation of the circular dichroism of the complex which Nt forms with DNA. We conclude that Nt has no major effect on the CD and thus the helical structure of the bases of the DNA to which it is bound. Thus the ability of Nt to inhibit the function of DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and the photoreactivating enzyme must be mediated by factors other than a distortion of the helical structure of the bases.
The anatomy and physiology of bone fracture and healing

The anatomy and physiology of the pediatric skeleton is unique as is its response to trauma. Because the pediatric skeleton has periods of rapid growth, the effect of trauma to the musculoskeletal system may have significant long-term complications. To begin understanding how trauma affects the pediatric musculoskeletal system, a thorough understanding of embryogenesis and the unique anatomical and physiologic differences between children and adults is critical. This chapter addresses the developing fetal and neonatal skeleton, and reviews the anatomy of pediatric bone. The chapter concludes with the pediatric response to trauma, including biomechanical traits and the remodeling process.
Photometry of Venus from Mariner 10

Photometry of the upper atmosphere of Venus from Mariner 10 on February 5, 1974 is discussed with respect to in-flight verification of camera linearity, shading, and absolute photometric calibration. Among photometric results are the following: (1) temporal brightness variations were observed in the UV greater than 10% over a few hours due to the rapid rotation of the upper atmosphere, (2) the observed terminator was 4 degrees past the geometric terminator due to detached haze layers at altitudes around 85 km, (3) there were no indications of cloud top elevation variations greater than a few hunderd meters, and (4) in the UV, the bright and dark regions both had low albedos in all scales, showing that the UV absorber is not confined just to dark markings.
Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable

Virtually all discussions and applications of statistical mediation analysis have been based on the condition that the independent variable is dichotomous or continuous, even though investigators frequently are interested in testing mediation hypotheses involving a multicategorical independent variable (such as two or more experimental conditions relative to a control group). We provide a tutorial illustrating an approach to estimation of and inference about direct, indirect, and total effects in statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. The approach is mathematically equivalent to analysis of (co)variance and reproduces the observed and adjusted group means while also generating effects having simple interpretations. Supplementary material available online includes extensions to this approach and Mplus, SPSS, and SAS code that implements it.
Crack formation and fracture of LaNi5 during hydrogenation

The formation of microcracks and fracture surfaces of LaNi5 during hydrogenation were examined by scanning electron microscopy. There is no indication that hydrogen attacks preferably the grain boundaries and the surface defects. Initial hydrogenation produces equally spaced microcracks and wavy cracks due to volumetric expansion of the hydride. Extensive hydrogenation produces fine powders through brittle fracture and cleavage. The fracture surface contains fine cleavage facets which possibly resulted from the slip system of {1010} 〈1120〉 type. This study indicates that hydrogenation of LaNi5 near room temperature is a bulk diffusion process enhanced by stress corrosion.
Families of Dot-Product Snarks on Orientable Surfaces of Low Genus

We introduce a generalized dot product and provide some embedding conditions under which the genus of a graph does not rise under a dot product with the Petersen graph. Using these conditions, we disprove a conjecture of Tinsley and Watkins on the genus of dot products of the Petersen graph and show that both Grunbaum’s Conjecture and the Berge-Fulkerson Conjecture hold for certain infinite families of snarks. Additionally, we determine the orientable genus of four known snarks and two known snark families, construct a new example of an infinite family of snarks on the torus, and construct ten new examples of infinite families of snarks on the 2-holed torus; these last constructions allow us to show that there are genus-2 snarks of every even order n ≥ 18.
Inhibitors of the sulfation of proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans.

Abstract Two categories of compounds, substrates of sulfation and sulfate analogs, were tested for the ability to inhibit sulfation of macromolecules secreted by HepG2 cells. Several compounds which most effectively inhibited sulfation without toxic effects on cells were tested for their relative inhibition of sulfation of tyrosine residues (using the fourth component of complement as a model substrate), of N-linked oligosaccharides (α2HS-glycoprotein as substrate), and of proteoglycans. Inhibitors decreased the sulfation of all three classes of substrate, but not always equally. Use of inhibitors from both categories in combination yielded synergistic effects, with more effective inhibition of sulfation and low toxicity. Such combinations of inhibitors should provide a valuable tool for probing the significance of the sulfation of macromolecules.
Endocannabinoid Antagonism: Blocking the Excess in the Treatment of High-Risk Abdominal Obesity

Abdominal obesity is a prevalent, worldwide problem linked to cardiometabolic comorbidities and an increased risk of coronary heart disease. First-line therapy to reduce such risk revolves around diet and exercise; however, such changes are often difficult to implement and unsuccessful. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of underlying metabolic derangements could provide new targets for pharmacologic therapy. One system that has gained recent attention is the endocannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system has a significant role in central appetite control and peripheral lipogenesis and is up-regulated in diet-induced obesity. Rimonabant is a selective cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist and is the first compound of its type to test the hypothesis that down-regulating an overactive endocannabinoid system could have therapeutic benefit not only for weight loss but also for the atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance that cluster with abdominal obesity in particular. Animal models have been critical for elucidating the role of the endocannabinoid system in obesity and in demonstrating that antagonism with rimonabant can induce loss of visceral fat and improve insulin sensitivity. Early human trials with rimonabant have confirmed significant reductions in weight, as well as favorable changes in atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation. Interestingly, some of these beneficial metabolic effects are partially weight-loss-independent, confirming the importance of peripheral endocannabinoid system effects in addition to central effects.
Role Conflict, Mindfulness, and Organizational Ethics in an Education-Based Healthcare Institution

Role conflict occurs when a job possesses inconsistent expectations incongruent with individual beliefs, a situation that precipitates considerable frustration and other negative work outcomes. Increasing interest in processes that reduce role conflict is, therefore, witnessed. With the help of information collected from a large sample of individuals employed at an education-based healthcare institution, this study identified several factors that might decrease role conflict, namely mindfulness and organizational ethics. In particular, the results indicated that mindfulness was associated with decreased role conflict, and that perceived ethical values and a shared ethics code were associated with decreased role conflict and increased mindfulness. Despite the study’s limitations, these findings imply that companies might better manage role conflict through the development of mindfulness and organizational ethics.
Novel Charge-Transfer Materials via Cocrystallization of Planar Aromatic Donors and Spherical Polyoxometalate Acceptors

Spherical polyoxometalates (POMs) such as M6O192- and SiM12O404- (with M = Mo or W) and planar arene donors (anthracenes and pyrenes) can be cocrystallized (despite their structural incompatibility) by attaching a cationic “anchor” onto the arene which then clings to the POM anion by Coulombic forces. As a result, novel charge-transfer (CT) salts are prepared from arene donors and Lindqvist-type [M6O19]2- and Keggin-type [SiM12O40]4- acceptors with overall 2:1 and 4:1 stoichiometry, respectively. The CT character of the dark-colored (yellow to red) crystalline materials is confirmed by the linear Mulliken correlation between the CT transition energies and the reduction potentials of the POM acceptors, as well as by the transient (diffuse reflectance) absorption spectra (upon picosecond laser excitation) of anthracene or pyrene cation radicals (in monomeric and π-dimeric forms). X-ray crystallographic studies reveal a unique “dimeric” arrangement of the cofacially oriented arene couples which show contact ...
Control delimiters and their hierarchies

Since control operators for theunrestricted transfer of control are too powerful in many situations, we propose thecontrol delimiter as a means for restricting control manipulations and study its use in Lisp- and Scheme-like languages. In a Common Lisp-like setting, the concept of delimiting control provides a well-suited terminology for explaining different control constructs. For higher-order languages like Scheme, the control delimiter is the means for embedding Lisp control constructs faithfully and for realizing high-level control abstractions elegantly. A deeper analysis of the examples suggests a need for an entirecontrol hierarchy of such delimiters. We show how to implement such a hierarchy on top of the simple version of a control delimiter.
CS(lav) and computational study of degeneracy averaged differerential cross sections and Δm-integral cross sections: Hez.sbndCO, HDz.sbnd

Abstract CC and l -average CS calculations of degeneracy averaged differential cross sections and Δ m -integral cross sections have been performed for Hez.sbndCO at E = 60 cm −1 and E = 80 cm −1 , for HDz.sbndNe at E = 254 cm −1 , and for Hez.sbndH 2 at E = 1520 cm −1 . The l av z.sbndCS degeneracy averaged differential cross sections are generally in good agreement with the CC cross sections. The previously observed shifts in the diffraction oscillations for odd rotationally inelastic transitions for Hez.sbndCO and HDz.sbndNe do not occur due to proper phase choice and l = l av choice rather than l = 1 or l ′. The l av z.sbndCS approximation gives reliable results for most Δ m -integral cross sections except for those σ cs ( jm , jm ′) cross sections for which the CC cross sections σ( jm ; jm ′) and σ( jm ′; jm ) differ by a large amount.
Tactile “Change Blindness” in the Detection of Vibration Intensity:

A variety of data rich complex domains stand to benefit from the introduction of tactile displays that offload the visual and auditory information channels. Yet, a better understanding of factors that affect tactile information processing is needed to ensure the robustness of these interfaces. Recent research has shown, for example, that the sense of touch can be affected by phenomena that are analogous to visual change blindness, which describes the surprising difficulty in detecting changes to a visual scene when these changes coincide with masking stimuli or blank inter-stimulus intervals. To date, tactile change blindness has been demonstrated only for changes in the number of body locations where vibrations were presented. The present study examined whether change blindness is observed also in the context of detecting changes in vibration intensity and whether the introduction of a secondary task during vibrotactile presentations exacerbates these effects. The findings show that a 300-ms vibrotactile...
Biosynthesis of (-)-(1S,2R)-allocoronamic acyl thioester by an FeII-dependent halogenase and a cyclopropane-forming flavoprotein

The biosynthetic gene cluster for the kutzneride family of hexapeptidolactones includes the four-gene cassette ktzABCD postulated to generate a nonproteinogenic amino acid. Encoded by this cassette are the nonheme FeII-dependent halogenase KtzD and the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-like flavoprotein KtzA, proposed to work in conjunction with adenylating protein KtzB and carrier protein KtzC. In the present work, we report the in vitro reconstitution of this four-protein system and identify the final product as (1S,2R)-allocoronamic acid bound in thioester linkage to KtzC. Further analysis of KtzD and KtzA support a biosynthetic pathway that involves KtzD-mediated generation of a γ-chloroisoleucyl intermediate which is cyclized to the final product by KtzA without redox participation of the bound flavin cofactor. This work introduces a new monomer for potential incorporation into nonribosomal peptides and validates the unique strategy for its biosynthesis.
Biogenesis of the Store Operated Ca2+ Channel, Orai1

Abstract Background: Ca2+ plays an essential role as a second messenger regulating many cellular functions including gene regulation and enzyme activity. Thus intracellular Ca2+ concentration is tightly regulated. Store operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) is a plasma membrane channel, which is activated upon depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+. This channel is compromised of two proteins STIM1, that is localized to the ER membrane and senses luminal Ca2+ concentration, and Orai1, that forms the channel at the plasma membrane. To date little is known about the synthesis and maturation of Orai1 protein. Calreticulin and calnexin are two lectin-like chaperones in the ER, which are involved in the synthesis and maturation of many membrane and secretory proteins. In addition to its chaperone function, calreticulin binds Ca2+ with high capacity and low affinity and regulates intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Previously, we showed that loss of calreticulin function activates ER stress pathways leading to the acti...
Some (pharmacological) properties of chloracetaldehyde, an oxidation product and potential metabolite of cyclophosphamide

Circumstantial evidence is presented that chloracetaldehyde is generated from cyclophosphamide by chemical oxidation in vitro with peroxide and might possibly be formed in vivo as a product of cyclophosphamide bioactivation.
Cyborg eyes: Microfabricated neural interfaces implanted during the development of insect sensory organs produce stable neurorecordings in the adult

We present the design, fabrication, characterization and neural recordings with flexible microfabricated neural interfaces that are implanted into developing insect sensory organs. During metamorphosis, the neuronal processes extending from the insect sensory organ grow through the implant resulting in an adult insect with a stable and fused organ-interface assembly. We present neural recordings from adult eyes and antennas taken with these interfaces. We believe this work will have impact as a method for obtaining stable chronic insect sensory recordings.
Sources and transport of black carbon at the California-Mexico border

Abstract At international border areas that suffer from poor air quality, assessment of pollutant sources and transport across the border is important for designing effective air quality management strategies. As part of the Cal-Mex 2010 field campaign at the US–Mexico border in San Diego and Tijuana, we measured black carbon (BC) concentrations at three locations in Mexico and one in the United States. The measurements were intended to support the following objectives: to characterize the spatial and temporal variability in BC, to estimate the BC emission inventory, to identify potential source areas of BC emissions, and to assess the cross-border transport of BC. Concentrations at Parque Morelos, the campaign's supersite, averaged 2.2 μg m−3 and reached a maximum value of 55.9 μg m−3 (1-min average). Sharp, regularly occurring peaks around midnight were suggestive of clandestine industrial activity. BC concentrations were more than two times higher, on average, in Tijuana compared to San Diego. BC and carbon monoxide (CO) were strongly correlated at the three sites in Mexico. The ΔBC/ΔCO ratio of 5.6 ± 0.5 μg m−3 ppm−1 in Tijuana, or 4.7 ± 0.5 μg m−3 ppm−1 when adjusted for seasonal temperature effects to represent an annual average, was comparable to that in other urban areas. Tijuana's emissions of BC were estimated to be 230–890 metric tons per year, 6–23% of those estimated for San Diego. Large uncertainties in this estimate stem mainly from uncertainties in the CO emission inventory, and the lower end of the estimate is more likely to be accurate. Patterns in concentrations and winds suggest that BC in Tijuana was usually of local origin. Under typical summertime conditions such as those observed during the study, transport from Tijuana into the US was common, crossing the border in a northeasterly direction, sometimes as far east as Imperial County at the eastern edge of California.
Mathematical Modeling of the Polymer Rotational Molding

We study the rimming flow of a viscoelastic film on the inner surface of a horizontal rotating cylinder. Simple lubrication theory is applied assuming that the Reynolds number is small and the liquid film is thin. For the steady-state flow of the Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid the mathematical model reduces to a first order nonlinear ODE for the film thickness. We show that the liquid viscoelasticity changes the flow structure. In particular, the singularity observed for viscous liquids within the same lubrication approximation can be eliminated due liquid elasticity. We performed a detailed numeric analysis of the model and revealed some criticality regimes which are specific only for viscoelastic liquids.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Enhanced expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus-F gene in apple leaf protoplasts

Expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in polyethylene glycol-transfected apple leaf pro- toplasts. In particular, we examined whether RSV-F gene expression could be enhanced by addition of a viral leader and a plant enhancer to the chimeric gene construct. Inser- tion of the 5'-untranslated leader from alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNA 4 between the CaMV 35S promoter and the RSV-F gene increased viral expression by 5.5-fold com- pared to the construct without the leader. The addition of a transcriptional enhancer from the pea plastocyanin gene (PetE) upstream of the CaMV 35S promoter to a con- struct containing the AMV leader further increased RSV-F gene expression by 1.4-fold. Immunoblot assays showed that the RSV-F expressed in transfected apple pro- toplasts reacted with RSV-F monoclonal antibodies and was of the expected molecular mass of 68 kDa. These re- sults demonstrated that the RSV-F recombinant protein was expressed in an antigenic form in plant cells. Further- more, protein expression was enhanced by modifying the transfection vector using both a leader and an enhancer linked to a promoter.
Review of the use of statistics in infection and immunity.

The use of statistics in scientific and medical journals has been subjected to considerable review in recent years. Many journals have published systematic reviews of statistical methods ([4][1]-[8][2], [12][3]). These reviews indicate room for improvement. Typically, at least half of the published
EFFECT OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO) ON ARTERIAL BAROREFLEX BARORECEPTOR ACTIVITY DURING DEVELOPMENT. † 448

EFFECT OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO) ON ARTERIAL BAROREFLEX BARORECEPTOR ACTIVITY DURING DEVELOPMENT. † 448
Therapeutic strategies to alter the oxygen affinity of sickle hemoglobin.

The fundamental pathophysiology of sickle cell disease involves the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin in its T-state which develops under low oxygen saturation. One therapeutic strategy is to develop pharmacologic agents to stabilize the R-state of hemoglobin, which has higher oxygen affinity and would be expected to have slower kinetics of polymerization, potentially delaying the sickling of red cells during circulation. This therapeutic strategy has stimulated the laboratory investigation of aromatic aldehydes, aspirin derivatives, thiols and isothiocyanates that can stabilize the R-state of hemoglobin in vitro. One representative aromatic aldehyde agent, 5-hydoxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF, also known as Aes-103) increases oxygen affinity of sickle hemoglobin and reduces hypoxia-induced sickling in vitro and protects sickle cell mice from effects of hypoxia. It has completed pre-clinical testing and has entered clinical trials. The development of Hb allosteric modifiers as direct anti-sickling agents is an attractive investigational goal for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
Book Review: Scaling Up, Scaling Down: Overcoming Malnutrition in Developing Countries

Scaling Up, Scaling Down: Overcoming Malnutrition in Developing Countries, Thomas J. Marchione. ed. (1999) Gordon and Breach Publishers
“From Protest to Politics” Community Control and Black Independent Politics in Philadelphia, 1965-1984

This article traces the origins of black independent electoral activism in Philadelphia during the 1970s to the Black Power movement of the 1960s. Specifically, it argues that Black Power activists in Philadelphia turned to electoral strategies to consolidate their efforts to achieve community control over public institutions in the city's black working-class neighborhoods. Finally, the article concludes with a brief evaluation of the careers of African American activist state legislators David Richardson and Roxanne Jones and W. Wilson Goode, Philadelphia's first African American mayor.
Relationships of personality disorders with problem severity in methadone patients

The prevalence of DSM-III-R personality disorders were assessed in a sample of 179 male methadone maintained opiate addicts. The discriminant validity of three personality disorder (PD) groupings were compared with respect to Axis I disorders, functioning in a number of important life areas, risk for HIV infection, and social judgment/sensitivity. Results showed that a PD, regardless of the number or type, identified patients with more employment, family/social, and psychiatric problems, increased risk for HIV infection, and poor social judgment/sensitivity. Few differences were revealed when three clusters of PDs (Cluster A, B, and C) were compared. With few exceptions, subjects with antisocial PD were no worse off than those with any other PD with respect to current functioning.
Kainate induces apoptosis in neurons

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that non- N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor activation may contribute to neuronal death in both acute and chronic neurological diseases. The intracellular processes that mediate this form of neuronal death are poorly understood. We have previously characterized a model of kainate neurotoxicity using cerebellar granule cell neurons in vitro and we sought to determine the mechanism of kainate-induced neuronal degeneration. We found DNA laddering by agarose gel electrophoresis, cellular DNA fragmentation by in situ end labeling of DNA, and chromatin condensation using a fluorescent DNA intercalating dye, in cerebellar granule cells following exposure to kainate (100 μM). Aurintricarboxylic acid protected cerebellar granule cells from kainate-induced death. While the morphological and biochemical features of neuronal death induced by kainate resembled low-K + -induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells, the time interval from the institution of the death-promoting condition to neuronal death was briefer with kainate and did not require new protein or RNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that kainate receptor activation can induce transcription-independent apoptosis in neurons. This in vitro model should be useful in identifying the intracellular pathways that link kainate receptor activation with apoptosis.
Effect of reagent rotational energy on product-state distribution in the reaction Ca + HF → CaF + H

Abstract The effect of reagent rotation on the product vibrational state distribution is reported for the reaction Ca( 1 S) + HF(X 1 ∑ + , υ = 1. J
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for centrally located lung lesions

Presentation of outcomes of patients treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung lesions located within or touching a 2 cm zone around major airways. Serial tomotherapeutic SBRT has been planned and delivered at our institution since August 2001. Of 108 patients treated for primary and secondary lung tumors, nine harbored tumors (8 metastases, 1 recurrent NSCLC) located in close proximity to carina, right and left main bronchi, right and left upper lobe bronchi, intermedius, right middle lobe, lingular, or right and left lower lobe bronchi. SBRT was delivered to total doses of 36 Gy in 3 fractions (n = 8) or 6 fractions (n = 1), using a serial tomotherapy system (Nomos Peacock). We assessed local tumor control, clinical toxicity, normal tissue imaging changes, and overall survival. Median tumor volume was 26 cm3 (range 1.7 to 135 cm3). Tumor locations were hilar (n = 3), and parenchymal in six cases. Hilar lesions accounted for the three largest tumor volumes in the series. During a med...
Adrenocortical carcinoma presenting with a peritoneal effusion.

In this report, we describe the fine-needle aspiration findings of a case of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) that spread to the peritoneal cavity in an 80-year-old female. Cytologically, the peritoneal fluid exhibited clusters and single, small uniform cells with round nuclei and a fine chromatin pattern, which in conjunction with the immunohistochemical stains was diagnostic of ACC. Although ACC is the most common malignant neoplasm of the adrenal gland, its metastatic spread to the peritoneal cavity is exceptionally unusual. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Regulation by heparan sulfate and interleukin 1α of the Ontogenic expression of T-cell receptor, CD4, and CD8 in developing thymus

Increasing expression by T-cell precursors of the T-cell antigen receptor and of the CD4 and CD8 glycoproteins during thymus development enables specific interactions between primitive T cells and thymic epithelial cells, which initiate the development of the T-cell repertoire. Given the importance of GAGs, such as HS, in cell-cell interactions in other organs, we asked whether such molecules might participate in the cellular interactions essential for the development of the thymus. Using an organ culture model in which fetal murine thymuses explanted on gestational day 14 undergo phenotypic maturation from CD3-CD4-CD8- to CD3+CD4+/CD8+, the consequences of inhibiting GAG synthesis with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) were explored. Inhibition of GAG synthesis prevented elaboration of cortical thymocyte-associated HS, IL-1, and de novo expression of the TCR, CD4, and CD8. DON did not alter the expression of TCR or CD4/CD8 by mature thymocytes. Synthesis of IL-1 alpha, TCR, CD4, and CD8 was restored by addition of HS to the cultured organs. These findings support the concept that the ontogenic (but not the constitutive) expression of the TCR and of CD4 and CD8 depends on the synthesis in the thymus of IL-1, and that IL-1 synthesis is in turn regulated by the metabolism of GAGs. Our findings suggest that components of the thymic microenvironment, particularly HS, play a critical role in the maturation of T-cell precursors.
PABPN1: molecular function and muscle disease

The polyadenosine RNA binding protein polyadenylate-binding nuclear protein 1 (PABPN1) plays key roles in post-transcriptional processing of RNA. Although PABPN1 is ubiquitously expressed and presumably contributes to control of gene expression in all tissues, mutation of the PABPN1 gene causes the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), in which a limited set of skeletal muscles are affected. A major goal in the field of OPMD research is to understand why mutation of a ubiquitously expressed gene leads to a muscle-specific disease. PABPN1 plays a well-documented role in controlling the poly(A) tail length of RNA transcripts but new functions are emerging through studies that exploit a variety of unbiased screens as well as model organisms. This review addresses (a) the molecular function of PABPN1 incorporating recent findings that reveal novel cellular functions for PABPN1 and (b) the approaches that are being used to understand the molecular defects that stem from expression of mutant PABPN1. The long-term goal in this field of research is to understand the key molecular functions of PABPN1 in muscle as well as the mechanisms that underlie the pathological consequences of mutant PABPN1. Armed with this information, researchers can seek to develop therapeutic approaches to enhance the quality of life for patients afflicted with OPMD.
Integrating Runtime Consistency Models for Distributed Computing

How should distributed systems preserve consistency in the presence of concurrency and failures? For systems designed as assemblies of independently developed components, concurrent access to data or data structures would normally arise within individual programs, and be controlled using mutual exclusion constructs, such as semaphores and monitors. Where data is persistent and/or sets of operations are related to one another, transactions or linearizability may be more appropriate. Systems that incorporate cooperative styles of distributed execution often replicate or distribute data within groups of components. In these cases, group-oriented consistency properties must be maintained, and tools based on the virtual synchrony execution model greatly simplify the task confronting an application developer. All three styles of distributed computing are likely to be seen in future systems-often, within the same application. This leads us to propose an integrated approach that permits applications that use virtual synchrony to interact with concurrent objects that respect a linearizability constraint, and vice versa. Transactional subsystems are treated as a special case of linearizability.
Lipids of Nitrobacter and effects of cultural conditions on fatty acid composition.

Abstract The nitrite-oxidizing autotroph, Nitrobacter was studied with respect to fatty acid composition and lipids. One fatty acid, shown to be cis -11-actadecenoic acid ( cis -vaccenic) accounted for almost 96% of the total fatty acids of the extractable lipids of Nitrobacter agilis, Nitrobacter winogradskyi and each of several isolates from Minnesota and Moroccan soils studied. The cis -vaccenic acid was high in all organisms, ranging from 85 to 95% when grown at 27°C in the log growth phase, the other major acid was palmitic (16 : 1). All-converted cis -vaccenic acid to a 19-carbon cyclopropanecarboxylic acid upon entering the stationary growth phase. The 11-carbon cyclopropanecarboxylic acid was not degraded when stationary phase cells were re inoculated into fresh medium. In N. agilis the levels of cis -vaccenic acid ranged from 86.8% when grown at 33°C to 95.6% when grown at 19°C. Addition of acetate or casein hydrolyzate to the inorganic medium had virtually no effect on the fatty acid composition of N. agilis , while propionate effected both qualitative and quantitative changes. In all organisms phosphatidylcholine made up a large portion of the extractable lipids. The distribution was phosphatidylcholine, 54%; phosphatidylethanolamine, 23%; phosphatidylglycerol, 10%; and neutral lipids, 11% for N. agilis .
Multiexciton generation by a single photon in nanocrystals.

We have theoretically shown that efficient generation of multi-electron−hole pairs by a single photon observed recently in semiconductor nanocrystals1-4 is caused by breaking the single electron approximation for carriers with kinetic energy above the effective energy gap. Due to strong Coulomb interaction, these states form a coherent superposition with charged excitons of the same energy. This concept allows us to define the conditions for dominant two-exciton generations by a single photon: the thermalization rate of a single exciton, initiated by light, should be lower than both the two-exciton state thermalization rate and the rate of Coulomb coupling between single and two exciton states. Possible experimental manifestations of our model are discussed.
On the cancellation of quasi-injective modules

(1976). On the cancellation of quasi-injective modules. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 101-109.
Work role salience as a determinant of career maturity in high school students

Abstract It has often been contended that vocational or career maturity is largely determined by socioeconomic status and sex. But these, although surely important determinants, may function as such only because they determine commitment to working careers. This latter may itself be the immediate determinant of career maturity. In this study data were collected from some 382 students of whom about 55% were girls, using a Personal Data Blank, the Salience Inventory, and the Career Development Inventory. Measures of career and home commitment were obtained from the second, while measures of career or vocational maturity were derived from the last-named instrument. Canonical correlations and variance analyses were done to examine the roles of SES and sex when combined with career commitment. Four hypotheses received full support, three were partially supported, and one was not supported.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL TWO NUCLEON INTERACTION OPERATOR

Abstract We report a phenomenological two-nucleon interaction operator obtained by fitting the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts up to 425 MeV in S, P, D and F waves, and the deuteron properties. The operator has the standard eight potentials associated with the two-body operators 1, σ 1 · σ 2 , τ 1 · τ 2 , σ 1 · σ 2 τ 1 · τ 2 , S 12 , S 12 τ 2 , S 12 τ 1 · τ 2 , L · S and L · S τ 1 · τ 2 ; and six phenomenological potentials associated with operators L 2 , L 2 σ 1 · σ 2 , L 2 τ 1 · τ 2 , L 2 σ 1 · σ 2 τ 1 · τ 2 , ( L · S ) 2 and ( L · S ) 2 τ 1 · τ 2 . The six “quadratic L” terms are relatively weak, and are chosen in order to make many-body calculations with this operator simpler.
The "Real Self" Controversy: Toward an Integration of Humanistic and Interactionist Theory

The logical status of the concept "real self" and its usefulness in psychological theory have been topics of some debate in this journal. Critics have argued that this concept stems from Maslow's t...
Determination of bisnafide, a novel bis-naphthalimide anticancer agent, in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection

A simple, specific, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay utilizing ultraviolet (UV) detection for the determination of bisnafide in human plasma was developed, validated, and applied to plasma samples from patients undergoing cancer therapy. Plasma samples, containing an internal standard, XE842, were first deproteinized with 2.0 ml acetonitrile, and subsequently, 1.0 ml and pH 9 boric acid-potassium chloride-sodium hydroxide buffer (0.1 M) was added. To this mixture, 9.0 ml of ethyl ether was added then vortex mixed. Following centrifugation, the ether layer was back-extracted into 250 microliters of 0.1 M phosphoric acid, then removed by vacuum aspiration. A portion of the remaining acid layer was directly injected onto the HPLC. Bisnafide was quantified using a Shiseido Capcell Pak C8 HPLC column and ultraviolet detection (274 nm). The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng ml-1 using 1.0 ml plasma. The intraday precision (RSD) ranged from 2.7 to 8.6% over a concentration range of 10-1000 ng ml-1. The interday precision (RSD) ranged from 5.6 to 11.5%. Overall mean accuracy was +/- 5.2%. The drug was stable in frozen heparinized human plasma stored at -20 degrees C for at least 1 year and stable throughout at least two freeze-thaw cycles. This method was successfully utilized for quantifying plasma concentrations needed to study the clinical pharmacokinetics of bisnafide in patients undergoing cancer therapy.
Net amino acid absorption in steers fed alfalfa hay cut at two stages of maturity

Abstract Twelve Holstein steers with initial weights of 130 to 202kg were assigned to a 63-day performance trial on a completely randomized basis for two maturities of alfalfa hay. They were fed at 110% of voluntary consumption. At the end of the performance trial, digestion and nitrogen balance information was obtained on the same steers. Two steers from this group and one additional steer were employed to measure in nine separate 48-h experiments, blood flow by the Doppler shift and telemetry technique and net amino acid absorption from portal-carotid differences. Mean portal blood flow was 39.2 ml/min per kg body weight. Differences in blood flow between treatments were not significant. Advanced hay maturity decreased voluntary intake, feed efficiency, and gain. Further, digestibility of all proximate fractions were lower. Essential, nonessential, and total amino acid absorptions were reduced by advanced maturity to a much greater degree than could be attributed to differences in intake of digestible protein. Approximately five times as much amino acid was absorbed from good quality as from reduced quality alfalfa hay.
Gauging acceptability of governmental intervention in terms of smart card technology

Authentication and security safeguards within the auto identification industry provide the basic background for identification and successful authentication in B2B, B2C, and G2B transactions. The four hypotheses were generated from a review of the literature and derived from the model presented in the paper using linear regression techniques to test hypotheses using factor score-based constructs, with the dependent variable, "Do you feel that the government should mandate smart cards?" These hypotheses are to be tested through an application of PCA (principal component analysis) and factor analyses techniques. In essence, the results also suggest that, although there were three statistically significant independent constructs or groupings via the factor analyses, there was no evidence that the participants surveyed were willing to endorse governmental monitoring or invention in terms of mandating smart card-related technologies, regardless of their intended CRM benefits to the consumer.
Comments on “Structural change in macroeconomic time series”

Abstract This note discusses the Hinich, Foster, and Wild paper in this special issue of the Journal of Macroeconomics .
Characteristics influencing daily consumption of fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products in older adults with hypertension.

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics that may influence fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake in older adults with hypertension. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a random sample of older adults who participate in a Pennsylvania pharmaceutical assistance program. Among those who reported having hypertension (N = 592), daily fruit/vegetable intake was more prevalent among women, those who were older, and those who spent more time with others. Daily intake of dairy foods was more prevalent among women and whites as well as those who exhibited certain health-conscious behaviors and those who spent more time with others.
A rule of thumb of icons' visual distinctiveness

Icon's distinctiveness could be divided into physical distinctiveness, which is related to recognition of the objects the icon is comprised of, and perceptual distinctiveness, which is related to the understanding of what the objects in the icon represent. An icon is usually designed in an environment that consists of a set of icons. In this setting, the icon has to be physically and perceptually distinguishable among the other icons in the set. Icons performing similar functions, however, should bear family resemblance to increase family distinctiveness.
Diffraction elastic constants of a cubic polycrystal

New expressions for the diffraction elastic constants are presented for a cubic polycrystal that is statistically homogeneous, isotropic and disordered. The results are an extension of the theory of statistical continuum mechanics and differ from a previous derivation given by Bollenrath, Hauk, & Muller [Z Metallkde (1967), 58, 76–82].
Soul Music: Tracking the Spiritual Roots of Pop from Plato to Motown

Joel Rudinow, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2010, ISBN: 978-0-472-05108-3; 978-0-472-07108-1, 250 pp, $28.95 (pb), $75.00 (hb) Academic books generally come with titles that have two...