cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite element model updating using objective-consistent sensitivity-based parameter clustering and Bayesian regularization

Abstract Finite element model updating seeks to modify a structural model to reduce discrepancies between predicted and measured data, often from vibration studies. An updated model provides more accurate prediction of structural behavior in future analyses. Sensitivity-based parameter clustering and regularization are two techniques used to improve model updating solutions, particularly for high-dimensional parameter spaces and ill-posed updating problems. In this paper, a novel parameter clustering scheme is proposed which considers the structure of the objective function to facilitate simultaneous updating of disparate data, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. Levenberg–Marquardt minimization with Bayesian regularization is also implemented, providing an optimal regularized solution and insight into parametrization efficiency. In a small-scale updating example with simulated data, the proposed clustering scheme is shown to provide moderate to excellent improvement over existing parameter clustering methods, depending on the accuracy of initial model. A full-scale updating example on a large suspension bridge shows similar improvement using the proposed parametrization scheme.
Improved filtering of source plane tilts for optical propagation simulations

A method is demonstrated for accurately computing optical fields in cases where the Nyquist sampling criterion is violated. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is routinely used to compute propagated optical fields; ordinarily this requires sampling the field at least twice per cycle in the directions perpendicular to the beam. Many physically interesting cases involve local surface tilts and curvatures which need exceedingly fine sampling to satisfy this requirement. This constraint can be relaxed by modifying the propagator to remove light lost from the beam where wavefront tilts are steep. When the range of angles of interest at the observation plane is narrow, this technique coupled with FFT based propagators gives good results. When accurate results are desired across a larger range of angles, the FFT can no longer be used, but the observation plane field can still be computed directly. This latter approach can sometimes still be faster than the FFT based approach with the Nyquist criterion satisfied by adding many more sampling points. This procedure works naturally with the split-step propagator used for atmospheric turbulence simulations and allows more varied surfaces and more extreme turbulence conditions to be handled.
Self psychology and family therapy

Family systems that are characterized by narcissistic deficits are difficult to treat in systemically oriented therapy. Self psychology can help to understand these "narcissistic systems," identify the shortcomings of family therapy when applied to them, and develop methods for treating them. In narcissistic systems, each member uses the others as a selfobject, in a nonreciprocal, i.e., pathological manner. There are characteristic boundary formations, power relationships, expectations of others, and subjective experiences among the members. Narcissistic systems present for treatment in identifiable ways. Because of their narcissistic deficits, these systems have difficulty complying with the demands of family therapy. To treat these families the therapist must become a selfobject to the family. However, functioning as a selfobject is risky for the therapist and the family. In successful therapy, the family is able to modulate its rage and shame, develop realistic goals, and participate in more insight-oriented or directive therapy.
Ortho-Parahydrogen Conversion Studies

Quantity production of liquid parahydrogen has been accomplished at the NBS-AEC Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory through use of a chromic oxide catalyst placed in the liquid receiver at the bottom of the hydrogen liquefier. (See Figure 1.) About 175 pounds of a commercial 20 percent chromic oxide on alumina or 100 pounds of a 30–35 percent chromic oxide on gel alumina are required to produce 95 percent parahydrogen at liquefaction rates of 210 to 240 liters per hour. It was found that nitrogen contamination of the chromic oxide catalyst does not influence its conversion activity whereas atmospheric air at room temperature definitely acts as a catalyst poison.1
Early Features of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementing disorder, ultimately produces severe impairments that affect all cognitive domains (e.g., memory, executive function, langauage, spatial ability, and attention.) Early in the course of disease, however, the pattern of deficits is more circumscribed. Memory changes are generally the earliest cognitive change seen in AD. Changes in executive function ability also shown significant declines early in the course of AD. Neuropathologic studies in autopsy-confirmed AD patients who had a range of severity during life provide strong evidence for neurobiologic changes responsible for the pattern of cognitive deficits seen early in the disease. Together with recent neuroimaging studies, they suggest that a brain network with multiple nodes is selectively vulnerable in AD and that the cognitve deficits are related to the involvement of this brain network. We will review the early cognitive changes associated with AD and their neurobiologic correlates.
Development of Patient-Derived Gastric Cancer Organoids from Endoscopic Biopsies and Surgical Tissues.

Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models of human disease developed from benign and malignant gastrointestinal tissues with tremendous potential for personalized medicine applications. We sought to determine whether gastric cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) could be safely established from endoscopic biopsies for rapid drug screening. Patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for surveillance or staging and had additional forceps biopsies taken for PDO creation. Cancer tissues from operative specimens were also used to create PDOs. To address potential tumor heterogeneity, we performed low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of endoscopic-derived PDOs with paired surgical PDOs and whole-tumor lysates. The stability of genomic alterations in endoscopic organoids was assessed by next-generation sequencing and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The feasibility and potential accuracy of drug sensitivity screening with endoscopic-derived PDOs were also evaluated. Gastric cancer PDOs (n = 15) were successfully established from EGD forceps biopsies (n = 8) and surgical tissues (n = 7) from five patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Low-coverage whole-genomic profiling of paired EGD and surgical PDOs along with whole-tumor lysates demonstrated absence of tumor heterogeneity. Nested PCR assay identified similar KRAS alterations in primary tumor and paired organoids. Drug sensitivity testing of endoscopic-derived PDOs displayed standard dose–response curves to current gastric cancer cytotoxic therapies. Our study results demonstrate the feasibility of developing gastric cancer PDOs from EGD biopsies. These results also indicate that endoscopic-derived PDOs are accurate surrogates of the primary tumor and have the potential for drug sensitivity screening and personalized medicine applications.
Applications of SVD and Pseudo-inverses

This chapter presents several applications of SVD. The first one is the pseudoinverse, which plays a crucial role in solving linear systems by the method of least squares. The second application is data compression. The third application is principal component analysis (PCA), whose purpose is to identify patterns in data and understand the variance–covariance structure of the data. The fourth application is the best affine approximation of a set of data, a problem closely related to PCA.
Carbon Nanotube-Cellulose Pellicle for Glucose Biofuel Cell

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-cellulose pellicle was developed to create a conductive CNT network on 20 μm nanostructured cellulose film. The flexible and electrically conductive film was prepared by the modification of bacterial nanocellulose pellicle with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The composite film was further modified with redox enzymes including pyroquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) and bilirubin oxidase (BODx) functioning as the anodic and cathodic catalyst, respectively with glucose as the biofuel source. The enzyme functionalized MWCNT-cellulose based glucose/O 2 biofuel cell system harnessed the biochemical energy of glucose via the oxidation of glucose and reduction of molecular oxygen to generate electrical power in the microwatt range. The biofuel cell system exhibited an open circuit voltage and power density of 470 mV and 46.25 μW/cm2, respectively, with a current density of 381 μA/cm2 in the presence of 25 mM glucose. At physiological glucose concentration, the biofuel cell exhibited an open circuit voltage and power density of 418 mV and 24.975 μW/cm2 respectively, with a current density of 293.75μA/cm2. As a result, we expect that this facile strategy to prepare flexible conductive bioelectrodes for the development of glucose biofuel cell system using synthesized bacterial nanocellulose crosslinked with MWCNTs and enzyme can be readily extended to diverse applications in enzymatic biofuel cell and biosensor technology.
Partnerships Involved in Public Health Testing for Zika Virus in Florida, 2016:

The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas in 2015 and its association with birth defects and other adverse health outcomes triggered an unprecedented public health response and a demand for testi...
Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Utilizing Circulating Tumor DNA: It Is in the Blood.

Liquid biopsy using blood components to assess circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is rapidly becoming a new standard-of-care technology in many tumor types, including breast cancer, due to the potential to provide predictive and prognostic information. The minimally invasive and repeatable nature of plasma based mutational testing is appealing for patients and facilitates enhanced disease monitoring. It is important for the clinician to understand the benefits and limitations of this emerging assay and the potential applications in breast cancer. Multiple technologies have been employed to assess breast cancer ctDNA with high sensitivity and specificity leading to assays that have been useful in research trials and are entering widespread clinical application. ctDNA analysis of breast cancer is of clinical utility today in selecting targeted therapy for advanced breast cancer, most notably by assessing PIK3CA mutations in hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative disease. It will be employed in the near future in a variety of clinical settings including early detection of primary breast cancer, minimal residual disease after initial therapy, and use in advanced breast cancer for prognosis, early identification of non-response, and monitoring genomic markers of resistance.
NAD(H) phosphates mediate tetramer assembly of human C-terminal binding protein (CtBP)

C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are cotranscriptional factors that play key roles in cell fate. We have previously shown that NAD(H) promotes the assembly of similar tetramers from either human CtBP1 and CtBP2 and that CtBP2 tetramer destabilizing mutants are defective for oncogenic activity. To assist structure-based design efforts for compounds that disrupt CtBP tetramerization, it is essential to understand how NAD(H) triggers tetramer assembly. Here, we investigate the moieties within NAD(H) that are responsible for triggering tetramer formation. Using multiangle light scattering (MALS), we show that ADP is able to promote tetramer formation of both CtBP1 and CtBP2, whereas AMP promotes tetramer assembly of CtBP1, but not CtBP2. Other NAD(H) moieties that lack the adenosine phosphate, including adenosine and those incorporating nicotinamide, all fail to promote tetramer assembly. Our crystal structures of CtBP1 with AMP reveal participation of the adenosine phosphate in the tetrameric interface, pinpointing its central role in NAD(H)-linked assembly. CtBP1 and CtBP2 have overlapping but unique roles, suggesting that a detailed understanding of their unique structural properties might have utility in the design of paralog-specific inhibitors. We investigated the different responses to AMP through a series of site-directed mutants at 13 positions. These mutations reveal a central role for a hinge segment, which we term the 120s hinge that connects the substrate with coenzyme-binding domains and influences nucleotide binding and tetramer assembly. Our results provide insight into suitable pockets to explore in structure-based drug design to interfere with cotranscriptional activity of CtBP in cancer.
Virtualization and Cloud Computing

In an effort to move the networking industry from today’s manual configuration to embrace automated solutions that are coordinated with the rest of the infrastructure, there have been several emerging technologies in the past few years, chief among them are network virtualization (NV), network functions virtualization (NFV), and software-defined networking (SDN).
A young linguistic and cultural mediator: a case of trilingual siblings’ interaction

Siblings play crucial roles in each other’s cognitive and language development because they observe, imitate, and receive guidance and support from each other during their interactions. In this res...
“Why Don’t You Reach Out to Dad?”: Involving Fathers in Therapy:

Purpose:The literature indicates that engaging fathers in family therapy improves children’s mental health outcomes; however, clinicians are generally ill prepared for this challenge.Method:This qu...
What is a Visual Novel

Visual Novel (VN) is a widely recognizable genre of narrative-focused games that has grown in popularity over the past decade. Surprisingly, despite being so widely recognizable, there is not a singular definition to help guide the design and analysis of such games---with academic definitions and implementations ranging from "interactive textbooks" to "adventure games with multi-ending stories". In this paper, we present a unified definition of VNs drawn from an analysis of 30 prior academic definitions. We also examined 54 existing VNs to further refine our definition and employ a deeper analysis of the interactivity within VNs. We highlight key features of VNs that arise in our definition, and discuss resulting implications for the design of VNs. This work is relevant for narrative game designers and researchers, affording a more unified structure and clearer guidelines to identify, analyze, and design future VN games.
Review of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality by Zhen-Gang Ji

Hydrodynamics and Water Quality is divided into 10 chapters that cover virtually every aspect of numerical modeling of lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. Subjects include hydrodynamics, sediment transport, toxicants, and statistical analysis. An accompanying CD-ROM contains the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code EFDC and a number of useful utility programs. The book describes numerous case studies that span various receiving waters and pollutant types. These are exclusively EFDC applications. Probably the greatest value of these descriptions derives from the references, which advise the reader where to go for further information. Statistical summaries of computed results are provided for most case studies. These are useful benchmarks for the reader to compare with results of his or her own studies. The greatest shortcoming of this text is its attempt to be encyclopedic. Superfluous topics are continuously introduced and dispensed with. Subjects of extreme complexity are given brief descriptions that will be of no use to the reader who is not already familiar with these topics. The use of statistics in model evalua-
K-shell ionization in the beta decay of 141Ce.

The total K-shell ionization probability accompanying the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ decay of $^{141}\mathrm{Ce}$ to the 0.145-MeV level in $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}$ was determined to be (1.79\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ from Pr K\ensuremath{\alpha} x rays in coincidence with the 0.145-MeV gamma ray. This result is in very good agreement with the theoretical calculations of Law and Suzuki.
Towards an Understanding of Excellence in Urban Pedagogy: A Portrait of a High School

This case study describes processes in an urban high school, which contribute to excellence in urban pedagogy, and investigates teachers’ and educational leaders’ perceptions of the factors influencing their commitment to school success. Six themes related to excellence in urban pedagogy were identified. Data in the form of semi-structured interviews, observations, and document review describe a school in which the leadership strives to develop human capability at all levels through empowerment and shared decision-making. The study indicates that students’ achievement is a collective responsibility and strong instructional leadership is a key for success in urban schools. More studies may be needed to show how contextual experience of teachers and teacher’s self-efficacy are related. Key Words: Case Study, Leadership, Collective Efficacy, Excellence, School Effectiveness, and Urban
Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Women with Depression Linked to the Reproductive Cycle

In this chapter, the authors focus on reviewing studies that measure the circadian profile of hormonal changes in relation to baseline changes in the reproductive hormones of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), comparing DPs with NCs during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause and across each of these reproductive epochs. Elevated prolactin levels characterize DPs at each reproductive epoch. Increased melatonin levels characterize menopausal and postpartum DPs, whereas decreased melatonin levels characterize premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and DPs during pregnancy. Decreased cortisol levels distinguish menopausal DPs from healthy controls. Using circadian measures in well-defined diagnostic groups, further work is needed in order to identify common versus distinctive neuroendocrine profiles for DPs during each reproductive epoch. This information then could serve as a basis for developing more specific treatment modalities. Keywords: women; depression; reproductive cycle; menstrual cycle; pregnancy; postpartum; menopause; melatonin; cortisol; prolactin; thyroid-stimulating hormone
Modeling a resonant LC tank circuit embedded in a VCO

This paper reveals the frequency-dependent behavior of the effective positive conductance in a passive LC tank circuit embedded in a voltage-controlled oscillator, (VCO). This frequency-dependent behavior of the effective positive conductance makes the signal level of the. VCO also frequency dependent. Moreover, this effective positive conductance is dominated by the series resistance of the inductor and sets the criteria for minimizing the tank current to provide a desired output signal level.
Old and Young Politicians

We explore the effects of a politician's age by using data on the universe of Italian mayoral elections. We find that younger politicians are more likely to be reelected and are also more likely to move to higher levels of elected government. In addition, we find that younger politicians are more likely to engage in political budget cycles in expenditures. Thus younger politicians behave more strategically in response to electoral incentives, perhaps because they expect to have a longer political career. We discuss and rule out several alternative interpretations.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Technetium-99m Glucoheptonate Imaging in Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia

A patient with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia was evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage, technetium-99m glucoheptonate, and transbronchial lung biopsy. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed 43 percent eosinophils and correlated well with results of transbronchial lung biopsy. Technetium-99m glucoheptonate lung imaging demonstrated intense parenchymal uptake. After eight weeks of corticosteroid therapy, the bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil population and the technetium-99m glucoheptonate uptake had returned to normal. We suggest that bronchoalveolar lavage, with transbronchial lung biopsy, is a less invasive way than open lung biopsy to diagnose chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. The mechanism of uptake of technetium-99m glucoheptonate in this disorder remains to be defined.
CH and Chalogen bond dissociation energies for fluorinated and chlorinated methane evaluated with hybrid B3LYP density functional theory methods and their comparison with experimental data and the CBS-Q ab initio computational approach

Abstract The CH and Chalogen bond dissociation energies (BDEs) were computed with the hybrid B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,2p) theory model for chlorinated and fluorinated methane. All computed values were substantially lower (5–10 kcal mol −1 ) than the experimental values. To obtain better agreement, a correlation factor was introduced. When this factor was applied, excellent agreement between the B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,2p) computed energies and the experimental BDEs was observed. On the other hand, the CBS-Q ab initio computational approach generated BDEs which are in good agreement with experimental values without a correction factor.
Health status and schooling decisions of young men

Abstract This paper considers the impact of health status on schooling attainment and earnings of young men. Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Male Youth (aged 19–29 in 1971), we find a statistically significant negative relationship between years of schooling and health status. Those with the most severe health problems obtain almost 2.4 fewer years of schooling than their healthy counterparts. This loss represents about 20% of mean schooling for the entire sample. Also, hourly earnings are reduced by approximately 17% directly and indirectly (via schooling reductions) by health problems.
Stable and efficient numerical method for solving the Schrödinger equation to determine the response of tunneling electrons to a laser pulse

The form Ψ(x, t)=[F0(x)+F1(x, t)e−iωt+F−1(x, t)eiωt]e−iEt/ℏ is used for the wave function in the transient solutions. This expression is similar to the three dominant terms in the steady-state solution from the Floquet theory, except that now F1 and F−1 depend on t as well as x. The function F0 is the static solution, and separate partial differential equations are given for F1 and F−1. Polynomial extrapolation is used to satisfy boundary conditions at the ends of the grid. The numerical solutions are shown to converge and to be numerically stable even for simulated times exceeding 2000 cycles of the radiation field. The examples show delays corresponding to the semiclassical tunneling transit time, the classical time for traversing the inverted barrier. A resonance is seen when electrons promoted above the barrier by absorbing quanta from the radiation field have the closed line integral of momentum between the turning points equal to an integral multiple of Planck's constant. A second resonance occurs when the period of oscillation for the radiation equals the semiclassical tunneling transit time for electrons that absorb one photon from the radiation but are still below the barrier. This resonance decays at a rate corresponding to the tunneling dwell time, and, thus, it is not present in the steady state. These observations suggest a semiclassical picture of the tunneling process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 703–710, 1998
Endovascular management of axillofemoral bypass graft stump syndrome

Abstract Objective Upper extremity embolic complications of occluded axillofemoral bypass grafts are infrequent. However, traditional management of dissection of axillary anastomosis for removal of the stump can be challenging. We report two patients with critical upper extremity ischemia secondary to stump syndrome and its successful management with endovascular techniques. Methods One hundred fifty-two patients underwent axillofemoral bypass grafting over 10 years from 1991-2001. Two patients from this series had acute ischemia involving the ipsilateral upper extremity of occluded axillofemoral bypass graft. Duplex ultrasound scans revealed occlusion of the axillofemoral bypass graft and acute occlusion of ipsilateral upper extremity arteries. Both patients underwent brachial artery exploration and embolectomy. Completion angiograms revealed persistent axillofemoral bypass graft stump as the source of embolus. The stump was obliterated with a 10-mm/40-mm Wallgraft introduced through the same arteriotomy made for brachial embolectomy. Transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance angiography of the arch and great vessels were performed to exclude other sources of origin for the embolus. Results Both patients remained symptom-free and with patent stent grafts, as seen on duplex scans at 3, 6, and 9 months of follow-up. Conclusions Upper extremity embolism is a rare complication after occlusion of axillofemoral bypass grafts. The endovascular approach to obliterate the stump of occluded axillofemoral bypass grafts is minimally invasive and an effective alternative treatment of this rare condition.
Book and Material Reviews

Collaborating With Families: A Case Study Approach. By S. Overton. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005, 155 pp. Collaborating With Families: A Case Study Approach is written to assi...
Control software architecture for the Green Bank Telescope

A difficulty in writing control software for research telescopes is designing sufficient flexibility to handle continually changing requirements. The primary goal of the control software architecture for NRAO's new 100-meter radio telescope in Green Back, West Virginia is flexibility through the construction of a modular software system. Using the principles of modular design: (i) the number of systems implemented to satisfy the required functionality between users and devices was minimized; (ii) each device was implemented as an autonomous unit; (iii) object-oriented design and C++ were used throughout the system. The purpose of this report is to present the software architecture being used to achieve a modularity in the Green Bank Telescope.
Modulation of hydride formation energies in transition metal doped Mg by alteration of spin state

Abstract Coupled cluster and density functional theory calculations have been used to assess the role of the transition metal spin state upon the energetic favorability of hydride formation within small, transition metal doped, magnesium clusters. The spin state is found to modulate the occupation of bonding and anti-bonding orbitals, thus having a large effect upon both geometric and energetic parameters. This chemical description provides a potential theoretical basis for unexplained experimental observations, and indicates a mechanism for using an external magnetic field to control the thermodynamics of H 2 sorption and desorption in metal hydrides.
The spherical image concept applied to grain structures

Abstract The spherical image of the boundary of a microstructural feature is a map of the directions of its surface normals on the unit sphere of orientation. For closed surfaces it is a topological invariant. For curved faced polyhedra, as are found in grain structures or other tessellations of three dimensional space, the corners, edges and faces all contribute to the spherical image. The geometries of the spherical images of corners, edges and faces are described in this paper. These geometric concepts are applied to individual cells, the cell set, and the triple lines and quadruple points in the corresponding tessellation. Equations are derived relating the contributions of these spherical images to the number of faces on a single cell and to the average number of faces per grain for the structure. Application of these relations to grain structures governed by local capillarity equilibrium demonstrate that it is unlikely that the average number of faces per grain will deviate significantly from 13.4.
Perceiving Real-World Scenes

When a briefly presented real-world scene was jumbled, the accuracy of identifying a single, cued object was less than that when the scene was coherent. Jumbling remained an effective variable even when the subject knew where to look and what to look for. Thus an object's meaningful context may affect the course of perceptual recognition and not just peripheral scanning or memory.
Totally laparoscopic right colectomy with transvaginal specimen extraction: the authors’ initial institutional experience

Background The persistence of early and delayed wound complications related to both open and laparoscopic colectomy remains a significant health burden. Furthermore, as interest in natural orifice translumenal endosurgery (NOTES) continues to grow, bridging techniques may help to attenuate the learning curve associated with NOTES. The authors present their technique and short-term outcomes for totally laparoscopic right colectomy with transvaginal specimen extraction in a series of four patients.
Radiolabeling morpholinos with 90Y, 111In, 188Re and 99mTc.

Abstract This laboratory is investigating morpholinos (MORF), a DNA analogue, for radiopharmaceutical applications. While we routinely radiolabel with 99m Tc, we have now labeled MORFs with 111 In, 188 Re and 90 Y in anticipation of therapeutic studies. Methods: A 25 mer MORF with a primary amine on the 3′ equivalent end attached via a 10 member linker was conjugated with an isothiocyanate backbone derivative of DOTA (for labeling with 111 In and 90 Y) and with NHS-MAG 3 (for labeling with 188 Re and 99m Tc). The in vitro stability of labeled MORFs were investigated and biodistribution was carried out in normal mice. Results: As evident by size exclusion HPLC, ITLC and Sep-Pak analysis, all four radiolabeled MORFs were successfully radiolabeled. In each case, the labeled MORFs showed one sharp peak in HPLC that shifted completely to earlier retention times following addition of a polymer conjugated with the complementary MORF. In saline at room temperature and in 37°C serum, the radioactivity profile of 111 In, 188 Re and 99m Tc was unchanged over 48 h while over the same period, the 90 Y profile showed a pronounced lower molecular weight peak which did not shift and was shown to be most probably due to 90 Y-DOTA resulting from radiolysis. In addition, the recovery of 188 Re on HPLC decreased as samples aged probably due to oxidation to perrhenate which was retained by the HPLC column. The biodistributions at 1, 3 and 6 h in normal mice showed no important differences among all four labels with the exception that levels of radioactivity in stomach and thyroid were higher in the case of 188 Re due to in vivo oxidation of the radiolabel to perrhenate. Conclusions: When radiolabeled with DOTA, 90 Y-labeled MORF showed increased instabilities relative to that of 111 In and when radiolabeled with MAG 3 , 188 Re showed in vitro and in vivo instabilities compared to 99m Tc, but all labels were still largely intact after 48 h in saline or serum. Possibly because of the rapid clearance of MORFs, no important differences in biodistribution among 90 Y, 111 In and 99m Tc labels were evident in normal mice. These strategies for labeling MORF with 90 Y and 188 Re therefore appear to be suitable for therapeutic applications although both show some evidence of instabilities.
Working With Noncustodial Mothers

Mothers who live apart from their children are often mistreated and misunderstood. Clinicians are increasingly called upon to treat this growing population. The author describes some of the key issues facing these mothers: money and child support, visitation, relations with the father, relations with the child, court involvement, and the impact of the social system. Suggestions for assisting them in a therapeutlc relationship are offered.
Recovery of the properties of layered magnetic materials using obliquely incident radiation

We give a treatment of plane waves of arbitrary polarization and angle of incidence impinging on penetrable material whose regions of constant electromagnetic properties are separated by parallel planes. We show how to recover the thickness of the layers and their electromagnetic properties from the scattered radiation. Extremely simple formulas are given for recovering layer properties and for determinants and inverses of 4 by 4 matrices relating representations of electromagnetic fields in adjacent layers. This recovery, while impossible with normally incident radiation, is possible when one uses a continuum of incident radiation angles. We give a means of recovering dielectric and magnetic properties of a penetrable layered material nondestructively by using scattered electromagnetic radiation.
Embracing Democracy in the Western Balkans: From Post-Conflict Struggles toward European Integration

Just as the European Union's (EU) internal struggles are sparking renewed speculation about the future of EU enlargement in the Western Balkans, Lenard Cohen and John Lampe provide a timely and val...
The Treatment of an Extensively Damaged Oil Painting on Canvas

The treatment concerns the repair of a "Landscape with Figures", most probably painted by a northern European artist working in Italy during the first half of the eighteenth century. Abuse and neglect over the years had produced notable tears, planar distortions, paint losses, discoloration and deterioration throughout (see Fig. 1). As the painting was presented to the author as an expendable, it was possible to deviate from standard treatment procedures in order to find effective solutions for these problems. The methods used in the treatment, which proved highly successful, are described in the paper that follows.
Heterogeneity Even at the Speed Limit of Folding: Large-scale Molecular Dynamics Study of a Fast-folding Variant of the Villin Headpiece

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations on a set of nine unfolded conformations of the fastest-folding protein yet discovered, a variant of the villin headpiece subdomain (HP-35 NleNle). The simulations were generated using a new distributed computing method, yielding hundreds of trajectories each on a time scale comparable to the experimental folding time, despite the large (10,000 atom) size of the simulation system. This strategy eliminates the need to assume a two-state kinetic model or to build a Markov state model. The relaxation to the folded state at 300 K from the unfolded configurations (generated by simulation at 373 K) was monitored by a method intended to reflect the experimental observable (quenching of tryptophan by histidine). We also monitored the relaxation to the native state by directly comparing structural snapshots with the native state. The rate of relaxation to the native state and the number of resolvable kinetic time scales both depend upon starting structure. Moreover, starting structures with folding rates most similar to experiment show some native-like structure in the N-terminal helix (helix 1) and the phenylalanine residues constituting the hydrophobic core, suggesting that these elements may exist in the experimentally relevant unfolded state. Our large-scale simulation data reveal kinetic complexity not resolved in the experimental data. Based on these findings, we propose additional experiments to further probe the kinetics of villin folding.
Contours of constant (∂μ/∂ϱ) T in the extended critical region of carbon dioxide

Abstract Contours of constant (∂μ/∂ϱ)T have been fitted with a parametric expression which is a specialization of the extended scaling expression of Green, Cooper, and Sengers. The parameter r is chosen to be proportional to (∂μ/∂ϱ) 1 γ T , as in the Ho-Litster parametric model.
Risk from lithium with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

(2002). Risk From Lithium With Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 253-253.
Cinnoline chemistry. IX. 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-halogen substituted 4-mercaptocinnolines and related compounds †

A series of 4-mercaptocinnolines (4) monosubstituted with halogen in the benzenoid ring was obtained when the corresponding 4-hydroxycinnolines were treated with phosphorus pentasulfide in either pyridine or toluene. On prolonged heating in either or the two solvents, the halogen atom in 6-chloro- and 6-bromo-4-hydroxycinnoline was simultaneously substituted with a mercapto group, thus yielding 4,6-dimercaptocinnoline. Nucleophilic substitution of the halogen atom was also observed in the reaction of 6-fluoro- and 7-fluoro-4-hydroxycinnoline, while 8-halo-4-hydroxycinnoline gave exclusively 8-halo-4-mercapto-cinnoline. From the reaction of 5-halo-4-hydroxycinnoline the only identified products were 5-halo-4-mercaptocinnolines. Previously unknown 4-hydroxycinnolines were synthesized. 4-Alkylmercaptocinnolines and 4,6-dialkylmercaptocinnolines of pharmacological interest were prepared from the parent mercaptocinnoline or from the corresponding chlorocinnoline.
Scaling regimes, crossovers, and lattice corrections in two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets.

Despite this temperature dependence of the spin-wave velocity, full [ital q] and [omega] dependences of the dynamical susceptibility [chi]([bold q],[omega]) agree with those of the universal scaling function, computable for the [sigma] model, for temperatures up to [ital T][sub 0][similar to]0.6[ital c][sub 0]/[ital a], and their further analysis leads us to the inference that below [ital T][sub 0] the [ital S]=1 model is in the renormalized classical (RC) regime, the two-plane model is in the quantum critical (QC) regime in agreement with earlier work, and the [ital S]=1/2 model exhibits a RC-QC crossover, centered around crossover and for the two-plane model at all [ital T]=0.55[ital J]. In particular, for the [ital S]=1/2 model above the RC-QC temperatures where calculated, the obtained spin-wave mass [ital m]=[ital c]/[xi] is in excellent agreement with the known universal QC prediction, [ital m][congruent]1.04[ital T]. In contrast, for the [ital S]=1/2 model below the RC-QC crossover, and for the [ital S]=1 model at all temperatures, the behavior agrees with the exact RC expression. for all three models, nonuniversal behavior occurs above [ital T][similar to]0.6[ital c][sub 0]/[ital a]. Our results strongly support the conjecture by Chubukov and Sachdev that the [ital S]=1/2 model is close enough tomore » the [ital T]=0 critical point to exhibit QC behavior at intermediate temperatures.« less
Some aspects of the phosphomonoesterase activity of Endamoeba histolytica.

Abstract 1. 1. E. histolytica has been shown to contain two separate enzymes having phosphomonoesterase activity. 2. 2. The pH optima for these enzymes are respectively 4.6–4.8 and 9.4–9.6. 3. 3. Both these enzymes are insoluble under the conditions of this assay. 4. 4. Unit activities based on mmol of PO4 released/100,000 amebae/30 minutes, have been determined.
Characteristics of Stored Human Blood Kept Fluid by Urokinase‐Induced Fibrinolysis

Urokinase, when used to activate fibrinolysis in freshly obtained venous blood, simulates the conditions found in cadaver blood and permits blood to be stored without conventional anticoagulants. Urokinase does not affect reaction of cells to Coombs serum and typing sera. Urokinase blood and citrate blood undergo a similar decrease in ATP when incubated at 37 C. When stored at 5 C for 21 days both urokinase-dextrose blood and citrate-dextrose blood sustain a larger fall in ATP and release more potassium than does acid-citrate-dextrose blood. Despite generally similar alterations during storage, urokinase-dextrose blood produces more lactate per mole of glucose consumed than does citrate-dextrose blood. Possibly citrate influences diversion of glucose to the hexose monophosphate shunt. Poor survival after transfusion of three-week-old urokinase-dextrose blood confirms the superiority of acid-citrate-dextrose as a storage medium. To the extent that urokinase blood and cadaver blood are comparable, these data do not support the Russian claim for viability of stored cadaver blood.
Effect of Soil Spectral Properties on Remote Sensing of Crop Residue Cover

Conservation tillage practices often leave appreciable amounts of crop residues on soil surfaces after harvesting and generally improve soil structure, enhance soil organic C (SOC) content, and reduce soil erosion. Remote sensing methods have shown great promise in efficiently estimating crop residue cover, and thus inferring soil tillage intensity. Furthermore, these tillage intensity estimates can be used in soil C models. Reflectance spectra of more than 4200 soils and 80 crop residues were measured in the laboratory across the 350- to 2500-nm wavelength region. Six remote sensing spectral indices were used to estimate crop residue cover: the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI), the Lignin-Cellulose Absorption Index (LCA), the Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI), the Normalized Difference Senescent Vegetation Index (NDSVI), and the Normalized Difference Indices 5 and 7 (NDI5 and NDI7, respectively). Soil mineralogy and SOC affected these spectral indices for crop residue cover more than soil taxonomic order, which generally had little effect on spectral reflectance. The values of the spectral indices for soils were similar within Land Resource Regions and, specifically, for Major Land Resource Areas. The CAI showed the best separation between soils and residues, followed by LCA and NDTI. Although NDSVI, NDI5, and NDI7 had significant overlaps between soil and residue index values, assessments of crop residue cover classes may be possible with local calibrations. Future satellite sensors should include appropriate bands for assessing crop residue and nonphotosynthetic vegetation.
The great health Spiritual disease and the task of the higher man

Nietzsche’s harsh attacks on modernity suggest a problem: if the modern age is so diseased, can we overcome it and move on to something higher? Or is the disease too severe? I examine the question by studying Nietzsche’s view of spiritual health. Spiritual illness, even in the highest man, is nothing unusual or necessarily debilitating. Even the strongest have been infected since the earliest days of civilization. Indeed, infection with slave morality and bad conscience are requirements for spiritual elevation. And the disease serves life by giving the strong something to struggle against, as well as making possible the spiritual greatness required to revalue all values. The higher man, then, is a mixture of health and disease. The revaluation of values is extraordinarily dangerous, but not impossible.
Diffraction efficiency of binary optical elements

We examine the role of processing errors on diffraction efficiency of binary optical elements and the validity of the Fourier model to predict diffraction efficiency. We show that mask alignment error can significantly degrade efficiency. Models based on the Fourier theory can adequately predict both the magnitude of diffraction efficiency and its sensitivity to processing errors for optically slow elements (f/b). For optically fast elements (<f/2), a rigorous model is required for good predictive accuracy. We use our model to indicate the sensitivity of diffraction efficiency to processing errors.
Depression and Mental-Health Service Utilization Among Women in WIC

Abstract This exploratory 2003 study of 261 women in WIC addresses depression and mental-health service utilization in six race/ethnic-immigrant/migrant groups and factors amenable to change. Using the PrimeMD-PHQ, island-born Puerto Rican women had the highest prevalence of subthreshold depressive syndrome (27.8%); African American women had the highest prevalence of major depressive syndrome (21.3%); proportionately more White women used mental-health services (41.9%). The odds for major depressive syndrome among those with no one to help with childcare were almost four times greater than those with help. The odds of mental-health service use among those with indirect exposure to mental-health care were four times greater than those without such exposure. Implications for intervention and further research are discussed.
Evolving factor analysis of spectrophotometric titration: Nickel (II)-glycinate ion system

Abstract Evolving factor analysis has been applied to spectrophotometric titration of Ni(II) by glycinate ion. Data arrays of absorbances of thirty-five solutions at thirty-five wavelengths were used. Principal component analysis of these data support the accepted four-factor chemical model. Within this model the spectra of nickel(II) and three glycinate complexes were resolved. The concentrations of these species along with pH-metric glycinate ion concentrations allowed calculation of formation constants for three complexes.
Effect of annealing twins on Hall–Petch relation in polycrystalline materials

Abstract We analyze theoretically, how the annealing twin boundaries formed in a material during grain growth, affect its yield stress. For this propose, the twin boundary was considered as a barrier to dislocation motion as in case of grain boundaries. The Hall–Petch relation gets modified due to the presence of twin boundaries. This relation is shown to be in good fit for the only available experimental result. Our analysis also indicates that Hall–Petch relation is more likely to be due to grain boundaries as a dislocation barrier rather than as a dislocation source.
Early Childhood Inclusion in the United States

(1999). Early Childhood Inclusion in the United States. Early Child Development and Care: Vol. 150, No. 1, pp. 17-32.
7-N,7′-N′-(1″,2″-Dithianyl-3″,6″-dimethylenyl)bismitomycin C: synthesis and nucleophilic activation of a dimeric mitomycin

Dimeric alkylating agents that modify complementary DNA strands have engendered significant interest. We have prepared the novel dimeric mitomycin, 7-N,7'-N'-(1",2"-dithianyl-3",6"-dimethylenyl)bismitomycin C (9), in which the mitomycins are bridged by a dithiane unit. Dimer 9, like the clinically tested acyclic disulfides KW-2149 (3) and BMS-181174 (4), was designed to activate under nucleophilic and reductive conditions. Successive nucleophile-mediated disulfide cleavage transformations of 9 are expected to generate thiol species ideally positioned to render the two mitomycin systems vulnerable to nucleophilic attack and permit DNA interstrand cross-link formation. The dithiane linker, strategically positioned between the two mitomycins, distinguished 9 from 3 and 4. Nucleophilic activation of this cyclic disulfide permitted both activated mitomycins to remain tethered to one another. We report the synthesis of 9, and show that the nucleophile Et(3)P markedly enhances the activation and consumption of 9, compared with the reference compound 7-N, 7"-N'-(cyclohexanyl-trans-1",4"-dimethylenyl)bismitomycin C (27). We further demonstrated that provides higher levels of DNA interstrand cross-links than either the dimeric reference compounds, and 7-N,7-N'-(2",5"-dihydroxy-1",6"-hexanediyl)bismitomycin C (28), or the monomeric mitomycins, 1 and 3, when Et(3)P is added to solutions containing EcoRI-linearized pBR322 DNA.
Age and sex differences in the responses of adolescents to the Hand Test.

The Hand Test of E. E. Wagner was administered to 163 adolescents attending a rural midwest high school. Subjects were placed into four age groups based on their chronological ages. There was an age difference for the variable Exhibition; however, post hoc analyses indicated that none of the age groups were significantly different from one another. Boys gave more Exhibition and Crippled responses, and interactions of age × sex in the absence of significant main effects were obtained for Direction, Tension and Environmental responses. Implications of the results are discussed.