cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fact vs. Affect in the Telephone Game: All Levels of Surprise Are Retold With High Accuracy, Even Independently of Facts.

When people retell stories, what guides their retelling? Most previous research on story retelling and story comprehension has focused on information accuracy as the key measure of stability in transmission. This paper suggests that there is a second, affective, dimension that provides stability for retellings, namely the audience affect of surprise. In a large-sample study with multiple iterations of retellings, we found evidence that people are quite accurate in preserving all degrees of surprisingness in serial reproduction – even when the event that produced the surprisingness in the original story is dropped or changed. Thus, we propose that the preservation of affect is an implicit goal of retelling: not merely do retellers recall highly surprising events better, but rather they register all levels of surprisingness precisely and aim to surprise their implied audience to same degree. This study used 2,389 participants.
Energetic Trends in Monomer Building Blocks for Uranyl Peroxide Clusters.

The uranyl triperoxide anionic monomer is a fundamental building block for uranyl peroxide polyoxometalate capsules. The reaction pathway from the monomer to the capsule can be greatly altered by t...
Factors Associated with Utilization of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth.

Objective Weekly 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP-C) from 16 to 36 weeks' gestation reduces the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Limited data suggest poor adherence to published guidelines. This study aimed to identify factors associated with 17OHP-C utilization. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered within one academic health system between January 2014 and December 2015. Eligible women had a history of ≥1 singleton sPTB. Primary outcomes were counseling about, receipt of, and adherence to 17OHP-C therapy. Demographic and clinical predictors of the primary outcomes were determined using stepwise logistic regression. Results Of 410 eligible subjects, 69% (N = 284) were counseled about and 36% (N = 148) received 17OHP-C. Hispanic ethnicity, delay in prenatal care initiation, and a history of prior term births were associated with lower odds of 17OHP-C counseling. Each week delay in prenatal care initiation, Hispanic ethnicity, and each additional week's gestation of the earliest prior sPTB decreased the odds of receiving 17OHP-C. Maternal age and prior term births were associated with adherence. Conclusion Utilization of evidence-based 17OHP-C therapy remains suboptimal: cultural and access-to-care barriers for eligible women may impede efforts to decrease recurrent sPTB rates.
ACTing Like a Psychiatrist.

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy, predominately focuses on addressing one’s relationship with thoughts and emotions rather than attempting to alter them. The use of ACT has demonstrated efficacy in interactions with patients suffering from a variety of mental health concerns. While there are no specific criteria for the use of ACT, one compelling argument that exists in support of its use is that ACT may be more efficacious than other control-based protocols in treating experiential avoidance. Further, there is some evidence available to suggest that ACT is more effective than other active treatments for depression. Here, the six core processes of ACT therapy are discussed and the application of ACT techniques in clinical practice is explored.
Dislocation Types and Definitions

Every joint dislocation must be evaluated and treated individually, but general principles of joint dislocation assessment and management can help guide the clinician. An understanding of the mechanism of injury informs the clinician of the likely direction of the dislocation, whether possibly associated with a fracture and subsequently the best treatment and techniques. A neurovascular exam of the involved extremity is one of the most important initial steps and should be repeated and documented after any attempts at treatment. Urgent considerations include arterial or nerve injuries, open injuries, and compartment syndrome. The timing of imaging before relocation attempts depends on availability, location, and presence of urgent considerations. All relocated joints should be imaged to confirm placement and assess for associated fractures. Most relocation techniques involve a combination of traction and gentle recreation of the forces leading to dislocation. Relocated joints all benefit from a period of immobilization. Other pain control methods should be considered as indicated. Return to play is generally considered when the athlete can demonstrate full pain-free ROM and strength of the affected joint in their sports.
What Do We Do When Journalism Stops Working

Nikki Usher’s essay “The NYT in Trump’s America: A failure for liberals, a champion for liberalism” defends the standing of the venerable New York Times from both material and idealist perspectives...
Young versus aged microbiota transplants to germ-free mice: increased short-chain fatty acids and improved cognitive performance.

Aging is associated with cognitive decline and decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut. SCFAs are significant in that they are protective to the gut and other organs....
Thermal cycling effects on the structure and physical properties of granular materials

Over the past two decades, various investigations have shown that the application of thermal cycles of heating and cooling to granular materials causes permanent densification. However, prior to this study, significant associated effects of thermal cycles on the structural reorganization and physical properties of granular materials remained mostly unknown. To address these elusive aspects, this paper investigates the relationship between the microstructural changes induced by thermal cycling and their influence on the physical properties of granular materials using a multiphysical and multiscale computational approach. Microstructural changes are analyzed using coupled thermo-mechanical discrete element simulations and macroscopic physical properties are upscaled using homogenization. Multiple initial porosities and particle size distributions are investigated for a large number of thermal cycles of varying amplitude. Results demonstrate significant variations in the structure and properties of granular materials. Volumetric densification and fabric anisotropy increase monotonically with the amplitude and number of cycles. Coordination number exhibits a maximum for a critical temperature amplitude established theoretically to correspond to an optimal particle rearrangement. Mechanical stiffness and thermal conductivity increase in anisotropic fashion due to stress relaxation and fabric anisotropy and typically exhibit the most variation at the critical temperature amplitude. Intrinsic permeability to fluid flow decreases isotropically and monotonically with the amplitude and number of thermal cycles due to pore volume reduction. The critical temperature amplitude provides a limit to the thermal energy that can seemingly induce optimal and permanent structural reorganizations, as well as maximum variations of specific physical properties of granular materials.
Isolation and connectedness among Black and Latinx physics graduate students

Physics graduate students who are exposed to political demonstrations that threaten people of color describe that supportive action from their program makes a difference to their persistence.
Structural Evolution that Affects the Room-Temperature Internal Friction of Binary Oxide Nanolaminates: Implications for Ultrastable Optical Cavities

Internal friction in oxide thin films imposes a critical limitation to the sensitivity and stability of the ultrahigh finesse optical cavities for gravitational wave detectors. Strategies like dopi...
Bayesian Information Criterion for Linear Mixed-effects Models

The use of Bayesian information criterion (BIC) in the model selection procedure is under the assumption that the observations are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, in practice, we do not always have i.i.d. samples. For example, clustered observations tend to be more similar within the same group, and longitudinal data is collected by measuring the same subject repeatedly. In these scenarios, the assumption in BIC is not satisfied. The concept of effective sample size is brought up and improved BIC is defined by replacing the sample size in the original BIC expression with the effective sample size, which will give us a better theoretical foundation in the circumstance that mixed-effects models involve. Numerical experiment results are also given by comparing the performance of our new BIC with other widely used BICs.
Healthy home interventions: Distribution of PM2.5 emitted during cooking in residential settings

Abstract The current study investigated the emission, distribution, and removal of cooking-emitted particles in the simulated residential module of the Well Living Lab. Cooking experiments were conducted following a standardized protocol under different interventions. Cooking experiments consisted of frying bacon that emitted 2.35 × 103 (2.22 × 103) μg/min of PM2.5. Interventions studied included: Ventilation; a combination of Ventilation and Stove Hood; combination of Ventilation and Portable Air Cleaners; Air Flush; and combination of Air Flush, Stove Hood, and Bathroom Exhaust. The impact of door configuration was also assessed. Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and CO2 sensors were distributed in all spaces. A method based on CO2 traced decay was used to characterize airflow. Particle removal rate and integrated PM2.5 concentration were used to compare the capability of different interventions in removing PM2.5 and reducing particle exposure. The combination of Ventilation and Stove Hood and the combination of Air Flush, Stove Hood, and Bathroom Exhaust showed the best performance in reducing the integrated PM2.5 concentration of cooking-emitted particles. Particle Removal Rate showed that cooking-emitted PM2.5 were most effectively removed by the combination of Ventilation and Portable Air Cleaners. Air Flush was not a very effective method in removing cooking-emitted particles even with the 2.5 times increase of the supply flow rate (4 h−1 in the residential module). Closing bedroom and/or bathroom doors changed particle distribution and increased PM2.5 concentration in the kitchen and living room.
Distributional Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Emegercy Frequency Control

Emergency frequency control is one of the most critical approaches to maintain power system stability after major disturbances. With the increasing number of grid-connected renewable energy sources, existing model-based methods of frequency control are facing up with challenges of computational speed and scalability for large-scale systems. In this paper, the emergency frequency control problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and solved through a novel Distributional Deep Reinforcement Learning (DDRL) method, namely the distributional soft actor critic (DSAC) method. Compared with other RL methods that only estimate the mean value, the proposed DSAC model estimates the distribution of value function over returns. This advancement can lead to more insights and knowledge for the agent, with the benefit of a much faster and more stable learning process, and the improved frequency control performance. The simulation results on IEEE 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed models, as well as the advantage compared to other state-of-the-art DRL algorithms.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Windblown Nebula NGC 7635

We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of the northern part of NGC 7635, a circular shell around the O6.5 IIIf star BD +60°2522. The nebula, which lies within the large emission-line region S162, is notable not only for its symmetric shell, but also for a complex of "cometary" knots close to the central star. Our observations include spectra taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and narrowband images taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. The high spatial resolution of these data reveals the knots to be the ionized edges of a much larger mass of neutral material, with strong photoevaporative flows toward the central star. The cometary appearance of the knots is produced by the intersection of two ridges, one in the plane of the sky and the other 65° relative to it. Stratification in the emission from the shell can also be seen, the result of shock heating as material is swept into the expanding shell. We also see for the first time a small loop of emission between the central star and the cometary knot complex. We propose that this was formed by the collision between the strong stellar wind and the photoevaporative flow from the closest and brightest of these knots.
"Going Up to Lynn": Single, Maritime-Born Women in Lynn, Massachusetts, 1879-1930

In the spring of 1871 hannah Richardson, age 27, travelled from Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, to Lynn, Massachusetts, where she found work as a stitcher in P.P. Sherry's shoe shop.1 More than 50 years later another Nova Scotia woman, Vera Ditmars, came to Lynn seeking work and took a secretarial position in the city's large General Electric facility.2 Throughout the intervening years thousands of young, single women from all three of the Maritime Provinces took similar journeys "up" to Lynn, and a rare few left brief records of their experiences in the form of diaries, letters, or anecdotes remembered by children and grandchildren. These scattered impressions alone offer only fragments of individual experiences. However, combined with supporting evidence from censuses and other primary and secondary materials, they open a window onto the world of single, Maritime-born women in New England, and thus expand our perspectives on Maritime out-migration. In the years between 1870 and 1930 the Maritime Provinces experienced two serious economic dislocations: the ultimate failure of indigenous industrial development and the net out-migration of nearly 500,000 of its population. Historians who have addressed the subject of Maritime out-migration have understandably connected the two phenomena and, as a result, they have focused their research on the relationship between declining employment in the region and the departure of its youth. For example, scholars such as Marcus Hansen, J. Bartlett Brebner and Alan Brookes have argued that the decline of the region's shipbuilding, fishing and farming economies was a major force impelling young men to look for work in Central and Western Canada and the United States. More recently, Patricia Thornton has added a new dimension to the debate. Reversing cause and effect, she maintains that the loss of a large number of enterprising youth was itself a factor contributing to the economic decline of the Maritimes.3
Lyapunov-function characterizations of stability and stabilization for parameterized families of systems

Studies various stability issues for parameterized families of systems, including problems of stabilization with respect to sets. The study of such families is motivated by robust control applications. A Lyapunov-theoretic necessary and sufficient characterization is obtained for a natural notion of robust uniform set stability; this characterization allows replacing ad hoc conditions found in the literature by more conceptual stability notions. The authors then use these techniques to establish a result linking state space stability to "input to state" (bounded-input bounded-state) stability. In addition, the preservation of stabilizability under certain types of cascade interconnections is analyzed. >
How to Select a Good Training-data Subset for Transcription: Submodular Active Selection for Sequences

Abstract : Given a large un-transcribed corpus of speech utterances, we address the problem of how to select a good subset for word-level transcription under a given fixed transcription budget. We employ submodular active selection on a Fisher-kernel based graph over un-transcribed utterances. The selection is theoretically guaranteed to be near-optimal. Moreover, our approach is able to bootstrap without requiring any initial transcribed data, whereas traditional approaches rely heavily on the quality of an initial model trained on some labeled data. Our experiments on phone recognition show that our approach outperforms both average-case random selection and uncertainty sampling significantly.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly, release, and maturation.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the assembly, release, and maturation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The HIV‐1 replication cycle has the potential to inform the development of new antiretroviral strategies. The structural protein Gag plays a central role in these pathways and drives the production of a mature infectious particle through protein–protein, protein–RNA, and protein–lipid interactions. These interactions facilitate the multimerization of Gag to form the structural shell of the particle, the encapsidation of the RNA genome, the trafﬁcking of the virion components to the site of assembly, the acquisition of a lipid bilayer and associated envelope glycoproteins, hijacking host cell machinery to facilitate virus release, and proteolytic maturation of the nascent virion. The chapter also describes the signiﬁcant progress achieved in understanding these processes and highlight key areas that remain unclear. The way in which this knowledge is applied to develop new anti‐HIV drugs, an important research priority because of rapid emergence of HIV‐1 isolates resistant to currently approved antiretroviral drugs, is also discussed in the chapter.
High disease incidence and apparent disease tolerance in a North American Great Basin plant community

Patterns and consequences of plant disease at the community level have rarely been studied. We surveyed fungal infection in a Great Basin community of perennial shrubs over 4 years. Repeat surveys in fixed plots and along transects showed that disease incidence in the dominant perennial species was often very high, with up to 100% of all individuals infected. Despite the widespread prevalence of infection, and its severity on individual plants (which sometimes had over 1/3 of their leaves covered in pustules), its effects on survival and flowering were undetectably small. Thus, this perennial community appears to be stable, despite widespread disease. There are two potential explanations for this pattern; either the pathogens have evolved to be avirulent, or the hosts have become tolerant to being infected. Avirulence is not likely, because multiple infections are common in this system, and multiple infections have been shown in other species to favor strains that are faster reproducing and thus more virulent. Instead, it is more likely that tolerance has evolved in these host species, because infection in each year is practically inevitable and because the host plants are long-lived, giving little opportunity for new resistance genotypes to evolve.
Hepatic neurofibromatosis, malignant schwannoma, and angiosarcoma in von Recklinghausen's disease

Abstract Liver involvement by neurofibromatosis is rare. This report describes a young man with von Recklinghausen's disease and hepatic neurofibromas who developed a large right hepatic lobe malignancy and died of massive intratumor hemorrhage. Postmortem examination showed the tumor to be composed of both malignant schwannoma and angiosarooma and to have arisen from contiguous neurofibromas in portal tracts. Widespread pulmonary metastases consisted of the angiosarcomatous elements alone. The expression of malignant schwannoma and angiosarcoma phenotypes in this tumor may be related to a common histogenesis from cells of the neural crest.
In the Case of Nafissatou Diallo...Race Matters

This paper focuses on the negative and stereotypical depiction of Nafissatou Diallo, a Black woman from Guinea, as a result of her lawsuit against a white French man, Dominique Strauss-Kahn—a man with great economic and political clout. It examines the obtrusive and insidious ways in which racism influences our everyday thoughts, beliefs, customs, practices and overall culture and reveals much about the nation and its racist colonial legacy.
Similarity measures based on latent dirichlet allocation

We present in this paper the results of our investigation on semantic similarity measures at word- and sentence-level based on two fully-automated approaches to deriving meaning from large corpora: Latent Dirichlet Allocation, a probabilistic approach, and Latent Semantic Analysis, an algebraic approach. The focus is on similarity measures based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation, due to its novelty aspects, while the Latent Semantic Analysis measures are used for comparison purposes. We explore two types of measures based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation: measures based on distances between probability distribution that can be applied directly to larger texts such as sentences and a word-to-word similarity measure that is then expanded to work at sentence-level. We present results using paraphrase identification data in the Microsoft Research Paraphrase corpus.
Physicians Who Are Certified in Family Practice and Psychiatry: Who Are They and How Do They Use Their Combined Skills?

Background: The American Board of Family Practice (ABFP) and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) have jointly established their guidelines for a combined residency training program in family practice-psychiatry. As the new combined programs develop, it is of interest to learn about those physicians who are already board certified in both family practice and psychiatry. Metbods: The ABFP provided a list of the 39 physicians in the United States who in 1995 held certification by both the ABFP and the ABPN. A questionnaire eliciting demographic data, information on practice patterns, and comments was mailed to each of them. Results: Ninety percent of the physicians responded. Sixty percent reported that they practice both family medicine and psychiatry, 20 percent practice in communities with a population of 30,000 or less, and the great majority were very satisfied with their choice of specialties. Conclusion: The responding family physician-psychiatrists chose their specialties one at a time, in sequence. Although their practice patterns are interesting, we believe residents who select a combined residency will have different practice patterns, choosing to practice both specialties from the outset. After graduates of these newly emerging combined residencies have entered practice, it will be useful to study how they make use of their combined skills.
Color-specific interconnections of cones and horizontal cells in the retina of the goldfish.

In Golgi preparations of goldfish retina we have observed three types of horizontal cell which receive exclusively from cones and one which receives exclusively from rods. The cone horizontal cells were designated H1, H2 and H3, in order of increasing dendritic spread, increasing separation from the outer synaptic layer, decreasing size of perikaryon, and decreasing density of cone contacts. Slender appendages with knobby terminal enlargements project horizontally from the perikarya and larger dendrites of both rod and cone horizontal cells. We determined patterns of cone inputs to Golgi-impregnated horizontal cells by analyzing serial 1 μm sections with the light microscope. The probable inputs, in terms of visual pigments in the cones which contact them, are: H1, red + green + blue; H2, green + blue; H3, blue. Analysis of previously published work suggests (1) that H1 cells generate monophasic or L-type responses, H2 cells generate biphasic or C1-type responses, and H3 cells generate triphasic or C2-type responses; (2) that H1 cells receive direct functional input at least from red-sensitive cones, H2 cells from green-sensitive cones, and H3 cells from blue-sensitive cones; and (3) that H1 cells constitute pathways from cones to H2 cells, and H2 cells constitute pathways from cones and H1 cells to H3 cells. The precise location and route of the transfers, from H1 to H2 and from H2 to H3, are not yet known.
Constraining aerosol single scattering albedos from multiangle multispectral photo-polarimetric observations over the ocean

The extensive set of measurements performed during the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment provides a unique opportunity to evaluate aerosol retrievals over the ocean from multiangle, multispectral photometric and polarimetric remote sensing observations by the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) instrument. Previous studies have shown the feasibility of retrieving particle size distributions and real refractive indices from such observations for visible wavelengths without prior knowledge of the ocean color. This work evaluates the fidelity of the aerosol retrievals using RSP measurements during the CLAMS experiment against aerosol properties derived from in-situ measurements, sky radiance observations and sunphotometer measurements, and further extends the scope of the RSP retrievals by using a priori information about the ocean color to constrain the aerosol absorption. Satisfying agreement is found for all aerosol products.
Rabbit F(ab')2 antihuman IgE is a universal skin test reagent in the evaluation of skin mast cell degranulation in vivo.

Abstract Antihuman IgE is often used to study basophil- and mast cell-mediator release in vitro but is infrequently used in vivo. To evaluate in vivo skin reactivity to anti-IgE, an affinity purified rabbit F(ab′) 2 fragment of antihuman IgE was injected intradermally in 22 nonallergic and 27 allergic ,subjects. All 49 subjects (including a subject with r = −0.51; p p = 0.18), despite having higher total serum IgE levels ( p p = 0.02), suggesting that the concentration of the stimulus injected is more important for the development of a LPR than the size of the immediate cutaneous response. Skin reactivity to codeine phosphate (a non-IgE-dependent secretogogue) was correlated with skin reactivity to anti-IgE ( r = 0.47; p 2 antihuman IgE occurred, and no increase in serum IgG antibodies to rabbit gamma globulin could be detected 3 weeks after skin testing. Antihuman IgE is therefore a skin test reagent that can be safely used to evaluate skin mast cell degranulation and LPR in vivo in nonatopic individuals and in those subjects whose allergic sensitivities are unknown.
Least Squares Gamma Spectrum Analysis with Automatic Gain and Baseline Compensation

The usual least squares fitting technique for gamma spectrum analysis has been expanded to include the computation of gain and baseline shifts. An iterative nonlinear technique is used. Since the shifting parameters are determined from the sample spectrum, no additional calibration data are needed. Implementation provided fitting up to 14 standards using an 8K PDP-8 with DECtape.
Recurrent Primaty Adrenal Leiopyosarcoma: A Complete Literature Review and Presentation of a Rare Adrenal Tumor

ABSTRACT Objective: Leiomyosarcomas are mesenchymal tumors that very rarely present as a primary adrenal malignancy. Methods: We present the complete clinical presentation, imaging, and anatomicopathologic features of a unique case of recurrent primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma (PAL) after initial surgery. This case is accompanied by an updated literature review. Results: A 63-year-old Hispanic female referred to our clinic 4 months after having right adrenalectomy. Eight months prior to this encounter, she started to notice bilateral lower extremity edema with skin changes. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a large 6.8 × 4.4 cm adrenal mass that appeared to be encroaching in the inferior vena cava with hypodense areas, irregular borders, and a necrotic center. A preoperative hormonal evaluation failed to reveal evidence of a functional adrenal tumor. Microscopic examination revealed spindle cell neoplasia. Immunohistochemistry of the surgical specimen revealed positive staining for desmin, smooth ...
Parents' beliefs about peer victimization and children's socio-emotional development

Abstract There is increasing evidence that interpersonal risks and resources can modulate the impact peer victimization has on children's socio-emotional adjustment. The current study contributes to this research by examining links between parents' victimization-related beliefs and children's psychosocial functioning. Data were collected on 190 3rd- and 4th-grade children (92 boys) and their parents. After controlling for earlier levels of socio-emotional adjustment, parents' normative beliefs predicted greater overt victimization and aggression among boys and, for boys and girls, amplified links between peer victimization and subsequent psychosocial maladjustment. Avoidance beliefs predicted positive behavioral development among low victimized youth, but compromised adjustment among highly victimized youth. Sex-specific findings emerged, and results were stronger for overt than relational victimization. These findings underscore the need for parent education components within anti-bullying interventions.
Stem Cell Research Goes Underground: The RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED Gene in Root Development

Both cellular differentiation and stem cell maintenance must occur at the root apex in order to ensure the continuous growth of plant roots. In this issue of Cell, Wildwater et al. (2005) reveal that a canonical Retinoblastoma pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the balance between differentiation and renewal of plant root stem cells.
Scatter factor expression and regulation in human glial tumors

Scatter factor (SF) (also known as hepatocyte growth factor [HGF]) is a cytokine that induces cell motility in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. SF appears to be a determinant of the malignant phenotype in certain systemic cancers. We detected SF in extracts prepared from human gliomas, with the highest levels found in malignant tumors. Human glioblastoma cells expressed both SF and its receptor (c-met protein) in vivo, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Consistent with these observations, we found moderate to high levels of production of immunoreactive and biologically active SF by cultured human glioblastoma cells (3 of 8 lines) and by neural microvascular endothelial cells (NMVEC) (3 of 3 lines). SF stimulated the proliferation of glioblastoma and NMVEC cell lines by paracrine or autocrine mechanisms. Conditioned medium (CM) from both glioblastoma and NMVEC cells contained SF-inducing factor (SF-IF) activity, defined by its ability to stimulate SF production in an indicator cell line (MRC5 human fibroblasts). This activity consisted of a high-molecular-weight (> 30 kDa), heat-sensitive component and a low-molecular weight (< 30 kDa), heat-stable component. Furthermore, glioblastoma CM stimulated NMVEC SF production, and NMVEC CM stimulated glioblastoma cell SF production, by 3- to 6-fold in each case. Our findings demonstrate that SF-dependent interactions between glioma cells, and between glioma cells and endothelium, can contribute to the heterogeneous proliferative and angiogenic phenotypes of malignant gliomas in vivo.
Using electronic visual feedback to teach suprasegmentals

Abstract This paper discusses how electronic visual feedback is used to teach suprasegmentals to students in a program for international teaching assistants. A brief description of English suprasegmentals is presented and the use of electronic visual feedback for teaching suprasegmentals is explained. Procedures for teaching stress, rhythm, linking, and intonation are then presented, and examples of visual feedback graphs illustrating some typical student errors and students' attempts at correcting them are shown. Finally, the advantages and limitations of using electronic visual feedback to teach suprasegmentals are discussed.
The Moderating Role of Social Support Between Role Stressors and Job Attitudes Among Roman Catholic Priests1

This study examined the relations role stressors and job attitudinal variables, as well as the potential moderating effects of social support in a sample of 190 Roman Catholic priests. The priesthood is an important occupation to study because the work priests do can be considered a vocation instead of a job. Role stressors were negatively correlated with job attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction, turnover intention). Consistent with a buffering hypothesis, several sources of social support (parishioners, staff, fellow priests) consistently moderated this relationship, in that the relationship attenuated as social support increased. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the role of the priest, as well as with other types of work-based vocations.
Compaction Ring Analysis of Concrete Penetration

The purpose of this paper is to report the results of laboratory scale penetration tests on aged fine particle concrete targets. Hardened 4340 steel (RC-50) projectiles were fabricated with ogive noses and flat ends for the purpose of the tests. The projectiles were 0.164 inches in diameter with varying lengths. The projectiles were launched from a 0.167 inch smooth bore powder gun, and the impacts were normal to the face of the target. The targets were small enough to permit two methods of measurement to find the penetration depth: direct measurement from the back of the projectile and x-rays of the target. The Compaction Ring Theory, presented earlier by Jones [1] and Nuckols[2], was then applied to the penetration depth data for the ogive-nose projectiles. Several of the equations to follow were first presented in those papers. However, two corrections were made to the theory previously presented involving the sign of the yield stress of the target in the radial stress equation and in deriving the penetration depth equation. These corrections will be described in more detail later. Since the Compaction Ring Theory in its generic form does not apply to flat-ended projectiles, it was modified to include this case. The results show reasonable correlation for target strengths that are consistent with the strain rates that are anticipated for the range of impact velocities that were used in the experiments.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Evolution in the assessment and management of trigeminal schwannoma.

Educational Objective: At the conclusion of this presentation, the participants should be able to understand the contemporary assessment and management algorithm used in the evaluation and care of patients with trigeminal schwannomas. Objectives: 1) Describe the contemporary neuroradiographic studies for the assessment of trigeminal schwannoma; 2) review the complex skull base osteology involved with these lesions; and 3) describe a contemporary management algorithm. Study Design: Retrospective review of 23 cases. Methods: Chart review. Results: From 1984 to 2006, of 23 patients with trigeminal schwannoma (10 males and 13 females, ages 14–77 years), 15 patients underwent combined transpetrosal extirpation, 5 patients underwent stereotactic radiation, and 3 were followed without intervention. Of the 15 who underwent surgery, total tumor removal was achieved in 9 patients. Cytoreductive surgery was performed in six patients; of these, four received postoperative radiation. One patient who underwent primary radiation therapy required subsequent surgery. There were no deaths in this series. Cranial neuropathies were present in 14 patients pretreatment and observed in 17 patients posttreatment. Major complications included meningitis (1), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2), major venous occlusion (1), and temporal lobe infarction (1). Conclusions: Trigeminal schwannomas are uncommon lesions of the skull base that may occur in the middle fossa, posterior fossa, or both. Moreover, caudal extension results in their presentation in the infratemporal fossa. Contemporary diagnostic imaging, coupled with selective use of both surgery and radiation will limit mor-bidity and allow for the safe and prudent management of this uncommon lesion.
Helicity moduli of three-dimensional dilute XY models

The helicity moduli of various dilute, classical $\mathrm{XY}$ models on three-dimensional lattices are studied with a view to understanding some aspects of the superfluidity of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in Vycor glass. A spinwave calculation is used to obtain the low-temperature helicity modulus of a regularly-diluted $\mathrm{XY}$ model. A similar calculation is performed for the randomly bond-diluted and site-diluted $\mathrm{XY}$ models in the limit of low dilution. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain the helicity modulus of the randomly bond-diluted $\mathrm{XY}$ model over a wide range of temperature and dilution. It is found that the randomly diluted models do agree and the regularly diluted model does not agree with certain experimentally found features of the variation in superfluid fraction with coverage of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in Vycor glass.
Ionization in collisions of metastable He with He

Detailed differential cross-section measurements have been performed for production of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ in collisions of metastable ${\mathrm{He}}^{*}(2^{3}S \mathrm{and} 2^{1}S)$ with He at center-of-mass energies of 50, 99, and 199 eV. The product ion distribution contains several distinct features dominated by an intense peak at small angles and an energy-loss value near threshold. The major features of the ionization are shown to be consistent with various calculated processes, each of which follows the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$ diabatic repulsive potential on the incoming trajectory. Ionization occurs at the crossing into the continuum, at the classical inner turning point, at crossings with higher continua, and through molecular autoionization of doubly excited neutral states. Possible contributions from ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ + ${\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ autoionizing states are considered. Evidence is found for significant contributions to the ionization from the small amount of ${\mathrm{He}}^{*}(2^{1}S)$ in the beam.
Citizen-Sovereigns: The Source of Contestability, the Rule of Law, and the Conduct of Public Entrepreneurship

It was my good fortune to have known John Gaus and to have attended a lecture course and participated in a seminar that he offered in 1949. His Alabama lectures entitled Reflections on Public Administration , published in 1947, included such titles as “The Ecology of Government” and “Politics and Administration.” His concluding chapter, written after the initial presentations, was entitled “A Theory of the Process of Government.” Gaus was broadly engaged in reflections about the place of public administration in systems of governance and the constitution of order in human societies. The author is appreciative of detailed comments by Paul Aligica, Barbara Allen, Krister Andersson, Robert Bish, Sheldon Gellar, Stephan Kuhnert, Michael McGinnis, Elinor Ostrom, Andrew Revelle, Filippo Sabetti, Amos Sawyer, Sujai Shivakumar, Mark Sproule-Jones, and Lihua Yang.
Protein—DNA cross-linking

Abstract The increasing range of possible reagents and strategies for studying nucleoprotein structure by direct chemical and photochemical cross-linking is summarized in this article.
The use of feeding noises to determine the algal foods being consumed by individual intertidal molluscs.

To study the diets of individual animals in the context of intraspecific resource partitioning, it is desirable to detect what individuals are eating without disturbing them. Animals such as slow-moving molluscs on two-dimensional algal foods would be convenient to study, but the mouth is usually difficult to see, especially with limpets. However, one can often hear how an herbivorous mollusc is feeding. Even when the mouth region can be checked for feeding movement, feeding noises can indicate to what degree a mollusc is "licking" microscopic material off the surface of a plant versus biting into the plant, though licking microscopic material off the plants seems to be rare. Noises also indicate the food's texture, identifying the food species when several different algae are near the mollusc's mouth. Comparing various molluscan taxa, differences in radular structure and movement are associated with different feeding noises, even while different molluscs are eating the same alga. Sound thus aids in specifying which species are feeding where molluscs are close together.Feeding is most common on wet surfaces at night. While the molluscs are above water or less than 5 cm deep in calm water, several listening methods are useful after some practice. Even the unaided ear can hear emerged molluscs rasping resonant kelps. One can detect rasping by molluscs greater than 1 cm in length by gently contacting the alga closest to the mouth with a stethoscope or with a gum rubber tube sealed against one's ear. A cassette tape recorder with a contact microphone and headphones is useful for both emerged and submerged animals. Representative feeding noises have been documented using oscillograms from tape recordings. Analogous sounds in both terrestrial and marine environments can be useful in numerous behavioral studies.
Protecting hospital ratings with copyright law.

Competition is not only the basis of protection to the consumer, but is the incentive to progress. —Herbert Hoover 1 1President Herbert Hoover, Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Un...
Atomistic modeling of CO2 capture in primary and tertiary amines – Heat of absorption and density changes

Abstract With the aim of exploring new amine-based chemistry for CO2 capture at large industrial scales we performed atomistic modeling of CO2 chemisorption in aqueous solutions of primary and tertiary amines. DFT-based quantum chemical solvation calculations are shown to yield a number of important results, including the relative stability of ion species (carbamate vs. bicarbonate), heat of absorption, and density and volume changes as a function of CO2 loading. Good agreement of simulation results with available experimental data provides confidence in the accuracy of such computational methods in predicting properties of new solvent systems and capture designs.
Time-differencing schemes and transform methods

Abstract In this paper, we study several time-differencing procedures for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. We find that “partially corrected” time-differencing schemes offer some advantages over single-step methods. Such differencing schemes consist of a predictor step and a corrector step, however, the time derivative is evaluated only once in the two steps. Partially corrected time-differencing schemes can be used with particular advantage in transform methods, where the numerical approximation of the derivative terms represents the major portion of computing. All differencing methods are tested on the nonlinear Vlasov-Poisson system of equations with two phase-space variables. In the case of the numerical example considered, the partially corrected schemes are only about 1% slower than the corresponding single-step procedures without correction.
Technical note. Analysis of cloud imagery using box counting

Abstract Photographic images of portions of an altocumulus cloud field were obtained from a rising balloon. They spanned a range of resolutions as the balloon rose. The fractal dimension of this field is estimated using a box-counting procedure. It is shown that the field is characterized by multiple fractal dimensions that vary with both intensity and scale.
Secondary Structures and Conformational Changes in Flagelliform, Cylindrical, Major, and Minor Ampullate Silk Proteins. Temperature and Concentration Effects

Orb weaver spiders use exceptionally complex spinning processes to transform soluble silk proteins into solid fibers with specific functions and mechanical properties. In this study, to understand the nature of this transformation we investigated the structural changes of the soluble silk proteins from the major ampullate gland (web radial threads and spider safety line); flagelliform gland (web sticky spiral threads); minor ampullate gland (web auxiliary spiral threads); and cylindrical gland (egg sac silk). Using circular dichroism, we elucidated (i) the different structures and folds for the various silk proteins; (ii) irreversible temperature-induced transitions of the various silk structures toward β-sheet-rich final states; and (iii) the role of protein concentration in silk storage and transport. We discuss the implication of these results in the spinning process and a possible mechanism for temperature-induced β-sheet formation.
The United States and Korea's Reunification:

This article first reviews the official policies of South Korea and the United States toward reunification, second examines the division of Korea during the Cold War, third the division since the Cold War, fourth analyzes the North's nuclear issue, and finally discusses the continuing impasse to reunification and what constructive role the United States should play. The paper shows that there are some striking dissimilarities between the postures of the U.S. and South Korea toward North Korea. The article concludes that South Korea's dramatic change from confrontation to reconciliation toward North Korea, that promises eventual reunification, presents an opportunity for the United States to do the same.
The genetic bases for the variation in the lipo-oligosaccharide of the mucosal pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni. Biosynthesis of sialylated ganglioside mimics in the core oligosaccharide

We have compared the lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis loci from 11 Campylobacter jejuni strains expressing a total of 8 different ganglioside mimics in their LOS outer cores. Based on the organization of the genes, the 11 corresponding loci could be classified into three classes, with one of them being clearly an intermediate evolutionary step between the other two. Comparative genomics and expression of specific glycosyltransferases combined with in vitro activity assays allowed us to identify at least five distinct mechanisms that allow C. jejuni to vary the structure of the LOS outer core as follows: 1) different gene complements; 2) phase variation because of homopolymeric tracts; 3) gene inactivation by the deletion or insertion of a single base (without phase variation); 4) single mutation leading to the inactivation of a glycosyltransferase; and 5) single or multiple mutations leading to "allelic" glycosyltransferases with different acceptor specificities. The differences in the LOS outer core structures expressed by the 11 C. jejuni strains examined can be explained by one or more of the five mechanisms described in this work.
Analysis of conventional swept-source OCT of subglottic stenosis in a rabbit model

Acquired subglottic stenosis is a narrowing of the airway caused by prolonged endotracheal intubation. Currently, there are no non-invasive means to diagnose the disease. A previous study by this same group introduced optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a means of monitoring the progression of stenosis. The aim of the current study was to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze OCT images obtained from a subglottic stenosis model of the rabbit airway. 15 rabbits were used throughout the study, and a MEMs based OCT probe was utilized. The OCT images obtained were analyzed using a free software program, 3D Slicer. The region of scarred tissue was grown out and measured quantitatively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a program to quantify the progression of scarring in OCT images, in addition to qualitatively correlating between histology, endoscopic, and OCT images. Future works may include utilization of a long-range probe and use of a pressure necrosis model to better emulate the actual onset of neonatal subglottic stenosis.
ONTOGENY AND REGULATION OF CARDIAC ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR SUBTYPES (AT1 AND AT2) IN DEVELOPING SHEEP. † 205

ONTOGENY AND REGULATION OF CARDIAC ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR SUBTYPES (AT1 AND AT2) IN DEVELOPING SHEEP. † 205