cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Technique in Simultaneous Augmentation Mastopexy

Although the debate rages on as to the appropriateness of approaching breast augmentation and mastopexy in a one stage procedure, over the past few years significant data and reports have emerged demonstrating the safety and efficacy of these procedures. Although still debated, the simultaneous augmentation mastopexy has become the standard approach employed by many experienced breast surgeons.
Abstract PO-068: Intratumoral heterogeneity of prognostic multigene signatures for breast cancer

Background Multigene assays for breast cancer are becoming more commonly used for research, diagnostic, and treatment-selection purposes. These assays are commonly based on a single tumor sample, so this study assesses whether clinically-relevant multigene scores are subject to misclassification due to technical variation or intratumoral heterogeneity. Methods Using FFPE blocks, tumors from 37 patients were sampled at different pathologist-selected spatial locations, targeting regions with distinct histological appearance. A second pathologist assessed mitotic activity and presence of immune infiltration for each specimen. Gene expression was quantified using the PAM50 assay. Samples were classified with respect to intrinsic subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, or Basal-like) and risk of recurrence with proliferation score (ROR-P, high vs. med/low). Euclidean distances between samples were calculated across the 50 genes, and the distribution of Euclidean distances were compared for samples that were concordant vs. discordant for each multigene classifier for PAM50 or ROR-P. Results Of the 37 tumors, 11 had samples with discordant PAM50 subtype and 7 had samples with discordant ROR-P group (75% and 83% agreement, respectively). The Euclidean distance between paired samples with discordant PAM50 intrinsic subtype or ROR-P score was significantly greater than that among concordant tumors. Samples discordant for ROR-P had more heterogeneity in histological characteristics, while discordance of PAM50 subtype call was generally not predicted by heterogeneity of these histological characteristics. Conclusion The concordance of PAM50 subtype calls and ROR-P, despite oversampling of heterogenous-appearing tumor regions, demonstrates reproducibility of the PAM50 classifier for breast cancer tumor intrinsic subtyping. However, assay sampling strategies for histologically heterogeneous tumors merit further consideration. Citation Format: Amber N. Hurson, Alina Hamilton, Linnea T. Olsson, Erin L. Kirk, Benjamin C. Calhoun, Joseph Geradts, Mark E. Sherman, Melissa A. Troester. Intratumoral heterogeneity of prognostic multigene signatures for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-068.
Dynamic Elasticity of Cubic Diamond

Previously, the structure of the carbon allotrope glitter has been disclosed, and a theory accompanying the structural report as to its bulk modulus at pressure predicted it would be among the hardest materials possible. The dynamic elasticity theory developed in that paper, involving the forces generated in elastic bond deformations resulting from applied mechanical forces, is here applied to the cubic diamond lattice. Stresses, both lateral and axial, contribute to the bulk modulus of cubic diamond at pressure. The ultimate strength of the cubic diamond lattice, in the approximations of the dynamic elasticity theory presented in this paper, is estimated to be in excess of 1 TPa, at modest bond length deformations of about 0.1 A. In particular, the dynamic elasticity model predicts the hardest direction of cubic diamond will be for an isotropic mechanical force applied along directions of the structural unit cell.
Relationship between A-site cation and magnetic structure in 3 d -5 d -4 f double perovskite iridates L n 2 NiIrO 6 (L n =La , Pr, Nd)

We report a comprehensive investigation of $L{n}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$ ($Ln=\text{La}$, Pr, Nd) using thermodynamic and transport properties, neutron powder diffraction, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the role of A-site cations on the magnetic interactions in this family of hybrid $3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}5d\text{\ensuremath{-}}4f$ compositions. Magnetic structure determination using neutron diffraction reveals antiferromagnetism for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$, a collinear ferrimagnetic Ni and Ir state that is driven to long-range antiferromagnetism upon the onset of Nd ordering in ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$, and a noncollinear ferrimagnetic Ni and Ir sublattice interpenetrated by a ferromagnetic Pr lattice for ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$. For ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$, heat-capacity results reveal the presence of two independent magnetic sublattices, and transport resistivity indicates insulating behavior and a conduction pathway that is thermally mediated. A first principles DFT calculation elucidates the existence of the two independent magnetic sublattices within ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$ and offers insight into the behavior in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiIrO}}_{6}$. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering is consistent with spin-orbit coupling splitting the ${t}_{2g}$ manifold of octahedral ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{4+}$ into a ${J}_{\mathrm{eff}}=\frac{1}{2}$ and ${J}_{\mathrm{eff}}=\frac{3}{2}$ state for all members of the series considered.
Organization Strategy and Products Based on Technical Standards

Organizations producing products based on technical standards are interested in the factors that influence a customers’ intention to adopt that product, and accordingly that standard. In general, standards-based products are expected to be affected by factors similar to those that affect ordinary innovations, as described in Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations with the addition of a few factors including existence of complementary products, perception of an installed base, perception of the importance of the standard, and the risk of failure of the standard. Additionally, this research examines how these newly identified factors affect organizational strategies. Depending on the perceptions of the customer, the organizations can choose a number of strategies along the Strategy Continuum to meet the needs of the customer while maximizing the gains of the organization.
Biochemistry of Visual Pigments II. PHOSPHOLIPID REQUIREMENT AND OPSIN CONFORMATION FOR REGENERATION OF BOVINE RHODOPSIN

Regeneration of digitonin-extracted rhodopsin at pH 6.0 was maximal (about 60%) in the presence of 1.3 moles of all-trans-retinal added per mole of rhodopsin. The regenerated pigment was identical with native rhodopsin in absorption and circular dichroism spectra. Rhodopsin in outer segments regenerated itself up to 30% and the addition of all-trans-retinal was without effect. Partial extraction of lipid from outer segments with petroleum ether resulted in a complete loss in regenerability. Regenerability was also lost by phospholipase A treatment of outer segments. The addition of the lipid extract or phospholipid to the partially delipidated outer segments fully restored regenerability. The results were interpreted as suggesting that phospholipid was required for the regeneration of the chromophore. Circular dichroism studies in the ultraviolet region on digitonin extracts and outer segments indicated that if rhodopsin was made susceptible to conformational change on photobleaching by phospholipase A treatment or petroleum ether extraction, it was no longer capable of regeneration. From these results, it was suggested that phospholipid might have an additional function in stabilizing the native conformation of opsin which would be essential for the regenerability of rhodopsin. Regenerability was found to be more sensitive to Emulphogene than opsin conformation. This was taken to suggest that there might be two separate phospholipids involved: one for the chromophore and the other for the native conformation of opsin.
Dissociations of Manganese Carbonyl Cluster Ions

The structures and reactivities of cluster ions have been studied by a variety of mass spectrometric techniques. Among the methods which have been employed are ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) [1], multiphoton ionization/dissociation time of flight (MPD/TOF) mass spectrometry [2], and tandem mass spectrometry using magnetic sector instruments [3,4]. These techniques often provide complementary information. ICR has proven useful in studies of the formation and reactivities of clusters. This is due to the ability to trap ions for significant lengths of time, as well as to eject all ions from the trap other than the species under study [4]. Tandem mass spectrometric techniques are useful because particular clusters can be mass selected and then fragmented with a collision gas [4]. This can provide valuable structural information. Recent work in MPD/TOF has given considerable insight into the photochemistry and structures of several cluster systems [2]. Information about the energetics of cluster formation and about both ground and excited states can often be obtained.
Aspirin ingestion does not alter the onset or slope of local sweat rate during whole-body passive heat stress (1104.12)

Aspirin ingestion does not alter the onset or slope of local sweat rate during whole-body passive heat stress Stephen J. Carter, Robert L. Herron, S. Zeb Akers, Ann B. Collins, Jonathan E. Wingo. Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) is a commonly prescribed over-the-counter drug. As a fever suppressant ASA may interfere with normal hypothalamic-mediated temperature regulation. We sought to determine if varying doses of ASA would alter the onset and slope (i.e., sensitivity) of local sweat rate during whole-body passive heating. Seven healthy men (mean ± SD; 28 ± 3 y) completed a counter-balanced design to compare ASA treatments (single dose of non-enteric coated 325-mg ASA vs. 4 days of 81-mg ASA) to a control trial. A 10 day washout period was given between ASA treatments. Participants were physically active, free from cardiovascular disease and refrained from vigorous physical activity 24 h prior to testing. Upon arrival, particip...
Bensulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl and their combination for weed control in rice.

Two new herbicides are being developed for world rice markets. The first, metsulfuron-methyl, is used at 2–10 gai/ha for the control of a broad range of broadleaf and sedge weeds. Metsulfuron methyl can be applied when weeds are small and submerged or directly to aerial plant parts after they break the paddy surface. For many weeds metsulfuron-methyl can be used in a manner similar to 2,4-D without the need to drain the paddy or concern for damage to off-site species due to volatilization. The second, DPX-70248, is a 5:1 combination product of bensulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl. This combination gives improved performance on several difficult to control species. DPX-70248 is used at 10–20 gai/ha and gives the advantages of a wider application window offered by metsulfuron-methyl and an expanded weed spectrum with bensulfuron-methyl.
General lower bounds for the running time of evolutionary algorithms

We present a new method for proving lower bounds in evolutionary computation based on fitness-level arguments and an additional condition on transition probabilities between fitness levels. The method yields exact or near-exact lower bounds for LO, OneMax, and all functions with a unique optimum. All lower bounds hold for every evolutionary algorithm that only uses standard mutation as variation operator.
Stress-induced gastroduodenal motor disturbances in humans: possible humoral mechanisms.

The objectives of this study were threefold. First, we investigated the effects of acute stressful stimuli on gastroduodenal feeding activity after a physiologic meal. Second, we explored the possible role of humoral mediators of these effects by measuring concurrently plasma levels of β-endorphin, catecholamines, and several gut peptides. Third, we wished to determine whether or not the gut responded selectively to different types of central stimuli. Thus, in 12 healthy volunteers we studied the effects of vertigo and cold pain on the gastrointestinal motor response to a solid meal. Pressure activity was recorded by a low-compliance perfusion system. Plasma concentrations of β-endorphin and gut peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay, whereas catecholamine levels were measured by highpressure liquid chromatography. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin conductance were also monitored. Labyrinthine vertigo (by otic stimulation with 10°C water; control, 37°C water) and cold pain (immersing hand in 4°C water; control, 37°C water) were simultaneously induced after the meal in each subject according to a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design. Cold pain and labyrinthine stimulation alone or in combination significantly reduced the antral phasic pressure response to solids while elevating plasma levels of β-endorphin and norepinephrine. These effects occurred within the first 20 min poststimulus and were associated with changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin conductance. Further, in 2 of 6 individuals in whom vertigo was induced by labyrinthine stimulation, a phase 3-like burst of motor activity appeared in the duodenum and migrated aborally. We conclude that centrally acting external stimuli may severely disrupt antral feeding activity. Furthermore, concurrent elevations in plasma levels of β-endorphin and norepinephrine raise the possibility that these substances may be involved as mediators of the central effects on the gut.
DNA Damage in Cyclophosphamide-resistant Tumor Cells: The Role of Glutathione

The relationship between DNA damage removal and cellular sensitivity to the alky luting agent cyclophosphamide (CP), currently one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of human tumors, has not been well established. In the present study, we have analyzed drug-induced DNA cross-link persistence in the CP-resistant subline KHT-rcp/iv and its sensitive counterpart KHT-iv. The alkaline elution technique was used to detect both DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-links formed following exposure to clinically achievable CP concentrations. In addition, the role of glutathione (GSH) in the cross-link persistence was analyzed. The KHT-rcp/iv cell line was chosen for study because compared to the parent KHT-iv line, this cell line demonstrates 2-3-fold increased GSH levels, and resistance to CP is known to be mediated by thiols. Following exposure to 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-OOHCP), an active form of CP, the KHT-rcp/iv cells exhibited fewer total cross-links and a shift in the time of maximal cross-link formation (6.2 at 2 h versus 2.9 at 4 h for the parent and resistant lines, respectively). When the GSH content of the resistant cells was reduced to equal that of the parent cell line prior to the alkaline elution assay, both the total number and time course of development of cross-links were similar between the two lines. Also, when the cells were exposed to mechlorethamine, an alkylating agent which forms cross-links at a much faster rate than 4-OOHCP, the time course of cross-link formation after mechlorethamine exposure was similar between the two sublines, with maximal cross-link formation occurring after a I-h incubation. The present findings suggest that (a) the increased GSH levels in KHT-rcp/iv cells may be responsible for the delay in maximal cross-link development after treatment with 4-OOHCP, possibly by binding with the monoadduct produced by the drug; and (In the faster reaction rate of mechlorethamine cross-link formation may prevent the tripeptide from binding to the monoadduct. These results are consistent with the hypoth esis that GSH may "quench" the formation of cross-links following
Adrenal cells in tissue culture the effects of choleragen and ACTH on steroid and cyclic-AMP metabolism.

Primary cultures of mouse adrenocortical tumors provide a sensitive system for investigating the effects of the enterotoxin of the V. cholerae (choleragen) on cyclic-AMP metabolism in the intact cell. Like ACTH, the toxin stimulates the synthesis and release of steroids from these cells but its mode of action differs from that of ACTH. The steroidogenic response to ACTH is immediate and of limited duration. The initial rate of steroidogenesis is the highest. In contrast, the steroidogenic response to choleragen is preceded by a 30–240 minute lag period which is inversely related to the concentration of the toxin. Whereas prolongation of the response to a single dose of ACTH requires hormone concentrations above those producing maximal initial steroidogenic activity, persistent steroidogenesis is induced at all levels of the toxin. Steroidogenic responses are detectable with 10 pg/ml of choleragen or less. The respective effects of ACTH and choleragen on cyclic-AMP synthesis and release into the medium par...
SPONTANEOUS PERFORATION OF BILE DUCTS IN EARLY INFANCY.

A neonate with spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct is reported; the baby had a fulminating two-day illness with abdominal distention, vomiting, and progressive toxicity. A review of nineteen previously reported cases revealed that the condition is more commonly characterized by jaundice, abdominal distention due to bilious ascites, and failure to thrive for a month or more. Nearly all patients had unobstructed biliary trees. Laparotomy and drainage of the perforation led to spontaneous sealing and symptom-free survival. Babies who were not operated on died. It is suggested that these perforations may be caused by portal bacteremia localizing in the venous plexus surrounding the luminal diverticula and glands of the normal bile duct.
Band‐Stop Filters

The sections in this article are Keywords: notch filters; active realization; symmetric and unsymmetric specifications; applications
Validation of a sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the determination of zidovudine and lamivudine in human plasma.

A sensitive LC/MS/MS assay for determining zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) in human plasma was validated to support antiretroviral pharmacology research programs. After addition of stable labeled isotopic zidovudine (ZDV-IS) and lamivudine (3TC-IS) as internal standard, a solid phase extraction was performed with an Oasis HLB 1cc cartridge, with recoveries of 92.3% for ZDV and 93.9% for 3TC. A Phenomonex Synergi Hydro-RP (2.0 × 150 mm) reversed phase analytical column was utilized for chromatographic separation. Mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution of 15% acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid. Detection was accomplished by ESI/MS/MS in the positive ion mode, monitoring 268/127 and 271/130, and 230/112 and 233/115 transitions, for ZDV and ZDV-IS and 3TC and 3TC-IS, respectively. The method was linear from 1 to 3000 ng/mL with a minimum quantifiable limit of 1 ng/mL when 100 μL of plasma were analyzed. Validations results demonstrated high accuracy (≤ 8.3% deviation) and high precision (≤ 10% CV) for the quality control samples. The method was also shown to be specific and reproducible. The value of the high sensitivity was demonstrated by quantitation of approximately 100 existing samples that had ZDV below the limit of quantitation using a previously validated, less sensitive HPLC-UV method utilized in the laboratory.
Acridine orange transport in canine renal brush-border membrane vesicles

L'objet de cette etude est de clarifier l'interaction entre l'acridine orange et les transporteurs membranaires de cations organiques au sein des bordures en brosse des vesicules du rein chez le chien
Isolation and biological properties of the juvenile hormone

Abstract A method for preparative-scale isolation of the juvenile hormone from ether extracts of abdomens of adult male Hyalophora cecropia has been developed. The purification procedure consists of five steps: low-temperature precipitation, molecular distillation, thin-layer chromatography (two consecutive seperations), and gas-liquid chromatography. A 1·25 × 105-fold purification was achieved; 56 per cent of the extracted activity was recovered. Chromatographic and biological data prove that juvenile hormone is not identical with any compound previously reported to have juvenile hormone activity. The isolated material shows prothoracotropic activity in Hyalophora cecropia, gonadotropic activity in Periplaneta americana, and morphogenetic activity in Galleria mellonella larvae and Tenebrio molitor pupae.
Invasibility of tree plantations by native and non-indigenous plant species in Hawaii

Abstract The Hawaiian archipelago, the most isolated on Earth, has proven to be especially vulnerable to invasions by non-indigenous species. Alien species now outnumber natives and the threat they pose is in part responsible for the fact that approximately 25% of Hawaii's native flora, 90% of which is endemic, has been listed as threatened or endangered. To assess the effect of stand characteristics on the colonization of the plantations by alien and native species, we measured basal area, leaf area index (LAI), litter depth and standing litter mass in 26- to 32-year-old plantations of Eucalyptus saligna, Flindersia brayleyana and Fraxinus uhdei. The plantations are surrounded by native Hawaiian rainforest which has been invaded by numerous non-indigenous species. The basal area of the planted Flindersia was 45.2 m2/ha, three to four times that of the other two plantation species. Nevertheless, when colonizing species were included, total stand basal area and LAI did not differ significantly across the three plantation types. Litter depth ranged from 3.7 cm for Flindersia to 4.7 cm for Eucalyptus, and litter mass ranged from 7.4 Mg/ha for Fraxinus to 10.5 Mg/ha for Eucalyptus. Of 51 species identified in the plantation understories, 23 (45%) were common to all three plantation species. Eucalyptus plantations had 42 species, seven of which were uniquely found there, Fraxinus had 39 species, six of which were unique and Flindersia had 36 species, only one of which was unique. The most abundant understory species under Fraxinus were Cibotium glaucum and Metrosideros polymorpha, two dominant components of native Hawaiian rainforest. In contrast, the most abundant understory species in the Eucalyptus plantations was the alien tree, Psidium cattleianum and the understory of Flindersia was dominated by its own offspring. Average species richness (number of species per plot) of both native species and all species combined was significantly greater under Fraxinus than under the other two plantation species, but all plantations contained approximately equal numbers of non-indigenous species. Average density (number of individuals/m2) was greatest under Flindersia, although the density of native species alone was greatest under Fraxinus. Species richness and plant density were not correlated with litter depth or mass, but total species richness and density of native species did decrease with increasing LAI. In general, abundance of native plants in the understory decreased with increasing abundance of non-indigenous species and increasing basal area of plantation species.
A differential thermal wattmeter for the AC/DC transfer of power

A differential thermal wattmeter for the ac/dc transfer of power is described. A differential multijunction thermal converter is used as a “sum and difference” multiplier, with both ac and dc voltage and current signals simultaneously applied to both heaters. Dc feedback to the current input speeds up the response and maintains thermal balance between the heaters, so that the output meter becomes a null indicator. This mode of operation reduces and can eliminate the need for quadratic response. The requirement for exact matching of the thermal converters is also eliminated by effective interchange of the heaters. The converter heaters are protected against burnout, and crest factors of 4 in the ac current or voltage signals are permissible without degradation of the accuracy. Maximum meter sensitivity is 100 ppm of nominal power for full deflection, with a resolution of better than 20 ppm, and a linear scale. The instrument is designed for use at power frequencies of 50–1000 Hz, with ac/dc transfer errors of less than 30 ppm over this range. The wattmeter can be used up to 20 kHz with reduced accuracy.
On the Identification of the Parts of Compound Quantum Objects

A view of the constitution of quantum objects as reducible, in the sense of being decomposable to elementary particles, is outlined. On this view, parts of composite quantum systems are considered to be identified according to a recently introduced, specifically quantum notion of individuation (Jaeger, Found Phys 40:1396 2010). These parts can typically also be considered particles according to Wigner’s symmetry-based notion. Particles are considered elementary when they satisfy a condition of elementarity, newly introduced here, that improves on that provided by Newton and Wigner. In any given instance, the compound character of a physical object can be verified in principle by decomposition, ultimately to a set of such elementary parts, through appropriate precise quantum measurements during experimentation consistently with this principle of individuation.
Cyclization Pathways of a (Z)-Stilbene-Derived Bis(orthoquinone monoketal)

Lead tetraacetate mediated oxidation of a (Z)-bisphenolic stilbene derivative affords a bis(orthoquinone monoketal) product. Thermolysis studies of this highly unsaturated dione reveal that sigmatropic hydrogen shifts, followed by either of two distinct solvolytic ring closures, constitute the predominate reaction pathways under heating. No evidence for a desired 6π electron electrocyclization was forthcoming.
Occupation and Personality in Television Dramas An Industry View

In recent years, the possibility that the speech and actions of people in television's dramatic world might influence viewers' understanding of the personalities of others and themselves has received little attention. The first step to exploring that possibility is to chart the personality types which populate television, and to understand the reasons for their existence. This study examines television industry's view of the various personality dimen sions the audience will attribute to characters. The method is to apply an established personality inventory to descriptions creators of prime-time dramas share regarding criminals, law enforcement agents, blue-collar workers, and other citizens. The one-sided view of human nature that is disclosed raises important questions about the consequences of television's portrayals for people using them for social comparison or as indicators of the human condition.
Viscoelastic properties of structural silicone rubber sealants

The behavior of silicone rubber materials subjected to uniaxial stress fields cannot be predicted by classical mechanical theory which is based on linear stress–strain relationships. Nor do theories based on “ideal elastomer” concepts work well when extensions exceed 30%. For these reasons, there are few design specifications related to the use of silicone rubber sealants for structural applications. This paper presents a theoretical approach used to predict the behavior of silicone rubber under uniaxial stress fields. The model is based on the concept of the classical Maxwell treatment of viscoelasticity and stress relaxation behavior. However, the Hookean spring component of the Maxwell element is replaced with an ideal elastomer component. With this substitution, the new model permits the crosslink density of the silicone elastomer to be estimated from test data and allows a stress level to be predicted as a complex function of extension, crosslink density, absolute temperature, and relaxation time. Simple uniaxial tensile tests were performed on two commercial silicone rubber sealants. Their experimental behavior was compared to the predicted performance based on the new viscoelastic model. Agreement was found to be quite good. It is hoped that the model, therefore, will help in the basic understanding of structural sealant behavior and perhaps lead to better design specifications for structural glazing.
Precursors of premature disease and death: Rorschach and figure-drawing factors

Participants in the Precursors Study affected with any of six disorders were compared with their matched, but healthy, control counterparts on 4 Rorschach and 10 Figure-drawing factors. Similar comparisons were made for the psychological (suicide, mental illness, and emotional disturbance) and somatic (essential hypertension, coronary occlusion, and malignant tumor) subsets of the affected participants and for those affected by each of the six individual disorders. The findings, though in themselves modest, provide evidence of the existence of psychological precursors of premature disease and death. The Rorschach human-movement factor was the main variable differentiating the total disordered group from the matched control group. This suggests that the affected subjects, as a group, had more active fantasy lives and might be considered to be more sensitive or vulnerable.
Adsorption and desorption kinetics of CO on Ir(111): bridging the pressure gap

Abstract Rates of desorption of CO chemisorbed on Ir(111) were investigated using time-resolved Fourier-transform IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy in combination with an isotopic jump method. Data for desorption into vacuum and desorption in the presence of an ambient CO background pressure were measured at surface temperatures from 390 to 500 K and for a wide range of CO pressures from 1 × 10 −8 to 1 × 10 −5 mbar, extending the range of control parameters substantially compared to all other previously reported investigations. The rates of desorption in both cases are essentially identical, and the existence of the frequently discussed phenomenon of “adsorption-assisted desorption” can be excluded for CO on Ir(111).
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Timing: Review of Evidence Supporting Current Practice

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is the most widely used therapy for support of a compromised left ventricle. The principles of counterpulsation were developed in the 1950s, and intra-aortic balloon pumps have been used for more than 40 years. Despite this long-standing clinical use, many of the timing practices have continued almost unchanged from their inception. One of the most important aspects of the pumps is timing, or synchronizing the action of the device with the cardiac cycle. The principles of timing are based on the physiological objectives of counterpulsation; however, research into alternative timing methods has led to conflicting and often confusing information on the appropriate timing method for a specific clinical situation or patient. Although a body of knowledge is available, much of the research is dated and covers only specific timing methods or populations of patients. Further evidence is needed to support the selection of timing methods and determine the clinical benefits of the various methods.
Supermarket responses to Wal-Mart Supercenter expansion: a structural approach

The impact of Wal-Mart in lowering incumbents’ retail prices has been well documented by previous studies using reduced form models. This article uses a structural model to examine the pricing behavior and promotion responses of incumbent supermarkets to a rapid expansion of Wal-Mart Supercenters (WMS) using the Dallas–Fort Worth milk market as a case study. Empirical results verify that WMS expansion disciplines incumbent supermarkets by decreasing oligopoly power and numbing consumer responsiveness to promotion. In addition, WMS expansion lures away price-sensitive consumers, leaving incumbent supermarkets to face more price-inelastic but lower demands for milk.
Pharmacological analysis of the magnocellular red nucleus during classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response

Abstract Previous experiments have suggested that the red nucleus is an essential structure in the neural pathways subserving the conditioned responses (CRs) elicited in several simple associative learning paradigms. The present investigation confirms the involvement of the magnocellular red nucleus in production of the classically conditioned nictatating membrane response in the rabbit and suggests that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) processes within this structure are involved in expression of the CR. Specifically, these studies demonstrate that microinfusion of a GABA antagonist (either picrotoxin or bicuculline methiodide) into the magnocellular red nucleus can selectively and reversibly reduce or abolish retention of the CR, without altering the unconditioned reflex response. Furthermore, these pharmacological manipulations that disrupt the CR are both anatomically and pharmacologically specific, and demonstrate a predictable dose-dependent function. These findings suggest that GABAergic processes within the magnocellular red nucleus are part of the critical circuitry subserving the CR.
Testing a theoretical model of adolescent sexual behavior among rural families in poverty

This was a study of 357 adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years, who resided in a family receiving AFDC in 10 rural counties in Arkansas. The study had a twofold purpose: 1) to examine what elements of social control, social learning, and strain theories predicted 3 measures of sexual behavior; and 2) to test an integrated theoretical model with 2-stage least squares regression to see if it fit the data on the 3 measures of sex. The measures of sexual behavior were frequency of sexual intercourse in the past year, number of sexual partners in the past year, and number of sexual partners in lifetime. Bivariate analyses revealed that the consistent predictors of the 3 measures of sex were age, gender, attachment to mother, beliefs, parental supervision and punishment, family and friend support, frustration, and use of rationalizations. The theoretical model that fit all measures of sex showed that bonding influences sexual behavior through frustration, and that age, gender and rationalizations directly impact behavior.
The free-radical interceptor technique as a means for the preparation of tritiated proteins.

Abstract A number of proteins have recently been tritiated by free-radical interception for the purpose of investigating the secondary (Henriksen et al. , 1963) carbon free-radical distributions among their amino acids after gamma irradiation (Riesz et al. , 1966; White et al. , in press). This procedure consists of exposure of the lyophilized, gamma-irradiated protein to tritiated hydrogen sulfide (HST), whereupon the carbon free-radicals become labeled by abstraction of tritium from the gas. The reactions involved have been discussed elsewhere (Riesz et al. , 1966). In the course of this investigation, tritiated ribonuclease (T-RNase) and tritiated lysozyme (T-lysozyme) exhibited a surprising degree of chromatographic homogeneity, with most of the radioactivity coinciding with the major protein components. Further, repeated crystallization did not appear to remove carbon-bound tritium from T-lysozyme. These results suggest that little or no structural alteration occurred during the tritiation procedure and therefore that this method may prove useful in the preparation of tritiated proteins which could be employed in the investigation of a wide variety of biological reactions.
Evaluation of Last Glacial Maximum sea surface temperature reconstructions through their influence on South American climate

[1] The consistency of land-based and ocean-based Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) proxy evidence on and near South America is evaluated by utilizing a regional climate model (RCM). The relatively high resolution of the RCM brings model output closer to the spatial scales of the geological reconstructions. This is important because proxy sites only a few tens of kilometers apart can yield markedly different interpretations of LGM climate. Along with differences in orbital parameters, CO2 concentrations, and vegetation, four versions of LGM sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction (CLIMAP), Schafer-Neth and Paul's (2003) core version, Paul and Schafer-Neth's (2003) line version, and coupled GCM output from Shin et al. (2003)), are used to generate four realizations of the LGM climate in the model. Mean annual surface temperature, mean temperature of the coldest month, and aridity differences from a present-day simulation are compared with the geological reconstructions over South America to evaluate the consistency of the land and ocean-based reconstructions. Model results suggest that the tropical Atlantic during the LGM was not significantly cooler than CLIMAP's original estimates. Simulations utilizing tropical Atlantic LGM SSTs cooler than CLIMAP estimates yield unrealistically warm LGM surface conditions over the equatorial Amazon basin. Reductions in evaporation and the atmosphere's moisture content over too-cold tropical oceans lead to a reduction in cloud cover over the Amazon and increases in solar heating of the surface. All of the LGM SST simulations produce drier conditions over tropical South America; however, the extent of the aridity is associated with the degree of cooling in the surrounding oceans, especially the tropical Atlantic. The “line” version LGM SSTs of Paul and Schafer-Neth (2003) are recommended.
The extra-galactic contribution to the primary cosmic-ray flux

In previous studies it has been shown that a good case can be made for supposing that a large fraction of the primary cosmic rays is of extra-galactic origin. These ideas are reviewed here, and the most recent observations and theoretical suggestions bearing on the problem are described.
High resolution crystal structures of free thrombin in the presence of K+ reveal the molecular basis of monovalent cation selectivity and an inactive slow form

Abstract Structural biology has recently advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of activation and selectivity in monovalent cation activated enzymes. Here we report a 1.9 A resolution crystal structure of free thrombin, a Na + selective enzyme, in the presence of KCl. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, one with the cation site bound to K + and the other with this site free. The K + -bound form shows key differences compared with the Na + -bound structure that explain the different kinetics of activation. The cation-free form, on the other hand, assumes a conformation where the monovalent cation binding site is completely disordered, the S1 pocket is inaccessible to substrate and binding to exosite I is compromised by an unprecedented > 20 A shift in the position of the autolysis loop. This form, named S ⁎ , corresponds to the inactive Na + -free slow form identified by early kinetic studies. A simple model of thrombin allostery that incorporates the contribution of S ⁎ is proposed.
Solutions to the multiple-component 1/r Hubbard model.

In this work we introduce a one-dimensional multiple-component Hubbard model with 1/r hopping and on-site energy U. The wave functions, the spectrum, and the thermodynamics are studied for this model in the strong-interaction limit U → ∞. In this limit, the system is a special example of SU(N) Luttinger liquids, exhibiting spin-charge separation in the full Hilbert space. Speculations on the physical properties of the model at finite on-site energy are also discussed.
Structural changes in fused silica after exposure to focused femtosecond laser pulses

Using in situ Raman scattering in a confocal microscopy setup, we have observed changes in the network structure of fused silica after modifying regions inside the glass with tightly focused 800-nm 130-fs laser pulses at fluences of 5–200 J cm-2. The Raman spectra show a large increase in the peaks at 490 and 605 cm-1, owing to 4- and 3-membered ring structures in the silica network, indicating that densification occurs after exposure to the femtosecond laser pulses. The results are consistent with the formation of a localized plasma by the laser pulse and a subsequent microexplosion inside the glass.
The role of support surfaces and patient attributes in preventing pressure ulcers in elderly patients

Nurses caring for elderly patients often need to select support surfaces that reduce the likelihood of pressure ulcers, but there is little information about the effectiveness of different support surfaces. This randomized trial compared two support surfaces and investigated patient attributes related to the risk of developing a pressure ulcer. Eighty-four elderly patients were nursed on a convoluted or solid foam overlay and assessed three times a week for pressure ulcers. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression revealed a statistically significant relationship between the risk of developing a pressure ulcer and the variables mobility and type of support surface.
Spectral density representation of dielectric mixtures

Dielectric relaxation has attracted lot of interest since the days of J.C. Maxwell. Although relaxation in pure, single materials is a puzzling topic, relaxation in mixtures has its own perplexing sides. However, with the help of spectral density representation, one has the possibility to separate contributions of the constituents and the geometrical composition of the mixture phases. Here, we will present the theory of dielectric mixtures with the spectral density representation. It will be shown that depending on the dielectric properties and geometrical description of the constituents different effective permittivity can be obtained for a chosen pair of mixture components—binary mixtures. The tools presented here can be used to better understand the dielectric properties of materials. The numerical implementations presented for immittance data can be used for various physical properties of heterogeneous materials. For mixtures, they provide great value in (i) designing the permittivity of a mixture composed of substances with known permittivities and geometrical composition (for device and insulation applications), (ii) calculating the permittivity of the second component of a two-component mixture when the permittivities of the mixture and the first component are known (for material and system characterization), and (iii) estimating the morphology of a two-component mixture when the permittivities of the mixture and each of the components are known (for microstructure and structure/property relationships).
MutY DNA glycosylase: base release and intermediate complex formation

MutY protein, a DNA glycosylase found in Escherichia coli, recognizes dA:dG, dA:8-oxodG, and dA:dC mismatches in duplex DNA, excising the adenine moiety. We have investigated the mechanism of action of MutY, addressing several points of disagreement raised by previous studies of this enzyme. MutY forms a covalent intermediate with its DNA substrate but does not catalyze strand cleavage. The covalent intermediate has a half-life of approximately 2.6 h, 2 orders of magnitude greater than the half-life of Schiff bases formed when E. coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III react with their respective substrates. The covalent complex between MutY and its DNA substrate involves Lys-142; however, the position of this residue in the presumptive active site differs from that of catalytic residues involved in Schiff base formation associated with endonuclease III and related DNA glycosylases/AP lyases. MutY converts DNA duplexes containing the dA:8-oxodG mispair to a product containing a...
LIGHT‐INDUCED SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS BETWEEN CHLOROPHYLL a AND QUINONES IN SOLUTION — III. ABSOLUTE QUANTUM YIELDS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND SOLVENT*

— Absolute quantum yields for electron transfer have been determined as a function of temperature in chlorophyll a-p-benzoquinone solutions in alcoholic solvents. These range, at high quinone concentrations, from about 01 electron per quantum absorbed at — 10°C, up to about 1 electron per quantum at — 110†C, and then down to zero electrons per quantum at — 196†C. The yield appears to be determined principally by solvent viscosity and dielectric constant. A mechanism is proposed to account for this and comparisons with photosynthetic electron transfer are made.
Student scientists learn about energy balance through science museum-academic partnership.

The concept of energy balance (i.e., calories consumed versus expended) is essential to understanding contributors to and prevention of childhood obesity. Prevailing ecological models of childhood obesity emphasize risk and protective factors within multiple environments, including family, school, and community.1,2 However, most school-based obesity prevention curricula focus predominantly on individual behavior change and rarely connect energy balance concepts to children’s daily environments.3–5 With few exceptions,6 the ecological framework of childhood obesity has yet to widely permeate elementary and middle school curricula. The current study ties the ecological framework with social cognitive theories (SCT) of individual behavior change.7 SCT is well-suited to examining obesity prevention in school because of its ability to account for multiple social learning influences in children’s environment that impact individual behavior. Personal agency represents a key component of SCT, in which individuals are empowered to exercise control over their daily environments to support behavior change.8 Helping students to identify energy balance influences in their local environments is a novel approach to support personal9 and ecological6 obesity prevention efforts among children. Middle school represents an ideal time to introduce such an approach, due to early adolescents’ increased autonomy and decision-making over their own health-related behaviors.10,11
Atmospheric Turbidity in Saharan Dust Outbreaks as Determined by Analyses of Satellite Brightness Data

Abstract Using VHRR brightness data obtained from the NOAA 3 satellite, isopleths of aerosol Optical depth for Saharan dust have been drawn for seven days during summer 1974 over a portion of the eastern equatorial North Atlantic. The large-scale patterns reveal an elongated dust plume which emerges from a narrow region along the African coast. Thereafter, the plume moves westward and spreads laterally though maintaining rather discrete boundaries associated with sharp gradients of turbidity, especially along the southern border. Exceptionally large values of optical depth (>2.0) are found near the centers of some dust outbreaks but these high values contribute Little to the total dust loading, which, in typical episodes, are estimated to represent a loss of topsoil from Africa of ∼8 million metric tons of material in a period of 4–5 days. There appeared to be no direct intrusion of the dust plume into the ITCZ or north of 25°N in that region. Outbreaks of dust appear often to be no to the rear of a well-...
Consequences and management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with renal insufficiency

Consequences and management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with renal insufficiency. Progressive renal insufficiency leads to hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Bone demineralization in secondary hyperparathyroidism may induce fractures, while joint and subcutaneous precipitations of calcium pyrophosphate limit mobility, and may cause crippling. Strategies to preempt bone and joint destruction in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease have focused on limiting dietary phosphorus, intra-gut binding of ingested phosphorous, enhancing calcium absorption, and limiting parathyroid hormone secretion. Deciding which regimen is most effective to meet these treatment objectives challenges nephrologists; they often uncover conflicting evidence about which abnormal metabolite should be the prime treatment objective. Especially vexing is the question of whether hypercalcemia is a cardiotoxic consequence of calcium-based phosphate binders.