cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Dissection of the Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery

Six cases of traumatic dissection of the extracranial carotid artery that were all treated conservatively are reported. The initial trauma was believed to be an intimal tear caused by severe stretching of the artery over the process of a cervical vertebra due to sudden hyperextension and lateral fle
Coevolution of Institutional and Organizational Factors in Explaining Offshore Outsourcing

Offshore outsourcing of business functions is widely practiced by firms in advanced economies. Although scholars have argued for various theoretical perspectives in explaining its nature and implications, a coherent explanation of how crucial factors that aid this growing phenomenon coevolve has not been offered. Further, a potential gap in the extant literature concerns inadequate simultaneous attention to clients and providers - the key actors in offshore outsourcing. With an aim to fulfill these research gaps, we provide in this paper an integrated framework wherein we delineate various institutional and organizational factors that coevolve to enable engagement of clients and providers in offshore outsourcing. Our conceptualization draws from information obtained by interviewing 46 executives of 31 firms of the Indian business process outsourcing industry.
The Impact of Remediation on Persistence of Under-Prepared College Students

This study examined the influence of individual attributes, high school experience, and college experience upon persistence for remedial and non-remedial students. The subjects were 438 first-time true freshmen who graduated from a large private university on the West Coast. In addition to finding that remedial and non-remedial students did not differ with respect to graduation rates, the variables associated with declared major and changing majors were found to influence persisters and leavers in differing ways.
Einfluß der Struktur auf die Pyrolyse von Estern, III. Pyrolyse von Aryl‐ und Benzyl‐carbonaten

Substituierte Benzyl- und Aryl-athyl-carbonate wurden der Pyrolyse unter-worfen, um den Einflus elektronenliefernder Substituenten auf die Athylenabspaltung zu bestimmen. Die chlorsubstituierten Aryl-athyl-carbonate waren stabiler als die methoxy- oder unsubstituierten Ester, o-Methoxybenzyl-athylcarbonat war uberraschenderweise weniger stabil; ein Nachbargruppeneffekt wird zur Erklarung vorgeschlagen. Die Aryl-athyl-carbonate wurden bei 500° pyrolysiert, die substituierten Benzyl-athyl-carbonate bei 525° die Pyrolysedauer war 1 Sekunde.
Simulation in the international IMS MISSION project: the IMS MISSION architecture for distributed manufacturing simulation

This paper presents an overview of a neutral reference architecture for integrating distributed manufacturing simulation systems with each other, with other manufacturing software applications, and with manufacturing data repositories. Other manufacturing software applications include, but are not limited to systems used to: 1) design products, 2) specify processes, 3) engineer manufacturing systems, and 4) manage production. The architecture identifies the software building blocks and interfaces that will facilitate the integration of distributed simulation systems and enable the integration of those systems with other manufacturing software applications. The architecture is being developed as part of the international Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) MISSION project.
An optimal guarding scheme for thermal conductivity measurement using a guarded cut-bar technique, part 2 guarding mechanism

Abstract In measuring thermal conductivity using the guarded cut-bar technique, three guarding schemes have been recommended in literature including isothermal, linear-matched, and continuous-matched. However, no comprehensive evaluation or guidance is given to describe their influence on measurement accuracy. Using finite-element simulations, each of these guarding conditions is analyzed in detail. Depending on system parameters, the recommended guarding schemes are shown to result in systematic errors ranging from 4% to 49% for isothermal, −5% to 17% for linear-matched, and up to 6% for continuous-matched, with potential for greater error outside the parameters used in this study. A newly proposed, optimal guarding scheme is described while providing a comparison of the heat transfer mechanisms behind each of the guarding methods. Various system geometries, including ratios of sample to meter bar length, insulation thickness to sample diameter, and sample aspect ratio, have been studied to verify the validity of the optimal guarding method and show the influence of each parameter on the optimal condition. The practical insignificance of the average temperature difference between guard and sample column is verified and explained showing that the optimal guarding condition is really related to the guard temperature gradient. Direction is given for implementing the optimal guarding scheme to any configuration with the creation of an optimal guarding chart which is a function of sample to meter bar thermal conductivity ratio. The chart is verified experimentally using results from measurements on certified Pyroceram 9606 (
Hemodynamics and oxygen saturation during intravenous sedation for office-based laser-assisted uvuloplasty.

Purpose Patients undergoing office-based laser-assisted uvuloplasty (LAUP) for snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea are generally obese and have a high Mallampati score. Because avoidance of supplemental oxygen during laser procedures is generally mandated, the potential for intraoperative desaturation is high. This study was designed to look at intraoperative hemodynamic changes, respiration patterns, and oxygen saturations during intravenous sedation with midazolam and fentanyl during LAUP procedures. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective anesthesia chart review of 15 consecutive patients undergoing midazolam/fentanyl intravenous sedation for office-based LAUP treatment for snoring and/or mild obstructive sleep apnea. Data recorded were noninvasive baseline and intraoperative hemodynamic measurements at 5-minute intervals for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), pulse (P), and rate-pressure product (RPP). Data collected were reported as mean values with standard deviation. Statistical analysis using the Student’s t test was performed and found significant for P Results All changes from baseline were statistically insignificant, SBP ( P = .4), DBP ( P = .2), MAP ( P = .2), P ( P = .1), PP ( P = .9), RPP ( P = .5), RR ( P = .9), and SpO 2 ( P = .4), and all within ±20% of baseline (range, −5.0% to +7.5%). Conclusion Midazolam and fentanyl intravenous sedation with local anesthesia maintained intraoperative hemodynamic and oxygenation variables close to baseline for office-based LAUP procedures.
Nutrient Limitation on Algal Growth in the Eau Gallie River

Because algal growth is a major pollution problem and is believed to be caused by large quantities of nutrients injected into the aquatic environment (I), current investigations have centered upon the relationship between algal growth and the distribution of phosphorus and nitrogen in natural water systems. The Eau Gallie River, which is part of the Indian River Complex located in East Central Florida, contains excessive growth of fibrous algae, vascular plants such as water hyacinths (Eichornia pontederiacae), and cattails (Typha alba). This report includes results of a study made to determine a relationship between algal growth and nutrient uptake, and a most probable limiting element in the growth of these algae.
Deaths of Mexican and Central American Children along the US Border: The Pima County Arizona Experience

Using data obtained through the Arizona Child Fatality Review Program, we reviewed deaths of all children (birth-17 years) who were Mexican or Central American residents and who died in Pima County, Arizona during the years 1995–2004. They accounted for 5% of all pediatric deaths in the county. Causes of death were motor vehicle collision (32%), environmental exposure (17%), prematurity (11%), other trauma (11%) and other medical conditions (28%). Fifty-three percent of these children were in the US seeking medical care; 36% were undocumented migrants. Significant trends over the 10 years were toward fewer children seeking medical care and more children dying while border crossing. Border health and economic disparities affected overall child mortality in this US county, but current prevention efforts are unlikely to affect this population group.
An algorithm for preventing bypass-associated dilutional (BAD) coagulopathy: Theory and example ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Objectives Crystalloid administered during cardiopulmonary bypass may significantly dilute clotting factor concentrations, particularly in low blood volume patients. Should the administered fluid (pump prime plus IVs) drop the clotting factor concentrations below approximately 38%, almost all patients will bleed, heparin levels will be overestimated and excessive neutralizing protamine will be administered. This combination can render blood virtually unclottable. This paper describes algorithms that quantify dilution risk and the maximum fluid that can be safely administered. A confirmatory calculation to prevent excessive protamine administration is also described.
Cocaine self-administration in social dyads using custom-built operant conditioning chambers.

Background Traditionally, the analysis of intravenous drug self-administration is limited to conditions in which subjects are tested in isolation. This limits the translational appeal of these studies because drug use in humans often occurs in the presence of others.
Might as well face it: MLL's addicted to HOX

Overexpression of HOXA9 is a hallmark of MLL-rearranged leukemias. In this issue of Blood, Faber and colleagues show that HOXA9 is critical for proliferation and survival of leukemic cells.
Release of prostaglandins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Human PMNs release prostaglandins E and F to the surrounding medium when these cells are exposed to zymosan. PGE1 is the prostaglandin compound found in highest concentration in the medium, and the PGE/PGF balance is approximately 3∶1. Release of prostaglandins is not due to platelet contamination. Agents which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin, aspirin) prevent release of prostaglandins from phagocytic cells. Addition to cells of dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate produces striking increases in concentrations of prostaglandins released during ingestion of zymosan. Prostaglandins appear to be synthesized by human PMN during phagocytosis, and their release from cells may help regulate the inflammatory response.
A POSSIBLE MODIFICATION OF CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS

A classical theory of electrodynamics is considered that omits self- forces and self-energies of the charged panticle undergoing radiative processes. It is shown that for the classical electron to radiate energy while being accelerated, there must be two such electrons accelerated, and that radintion scatter by a single free electron is due only to quantum effects. (R.E.U.)
Systematic development of reactive tracer technology to determine hydroxyl radical concentrations in the troposphere

Abstract In recent years, it has become possible to release controlled quantities of inert tracers to study transport and dispersion over 1000 km distances. On the basis of the successes and proven technology of these studies, we have conceptualized that by simultaneously releasing an inert tracer and a tracer that reacts exclusively or predominantly with hydroxyl (OH) radicals, it would be possible to determine OH concentrations over similar transport distances. Such an OH tracer must react exclusively with OH radicals at a relatively fast but known rate (5 × 10−12to 3 × 10−11 cm3 molec−1s−1). The OH reactive tracer should also have a negligible background and be detectable at 10−14 to 10−15 V/V concentrations. While the reactive OH-tracer application is simple to conceptualize, no chemicals are known that would satisfy all the properties that a reactive tracer must possess. The effort discussed here seeks to define these properties, and to design and develop a reactive OH tracer that can be applied in the field. Theoretical techniques are used to estimate the properties of designed chemicals. Most of the chemicals suitable for the purpose are not commercially available. From nearly 100 chemicals initially considered, a list of 10 finalists have been selected. Laboratory tests are underway to experimentally verify the properties of these tracers. When successful, the reactive/inert tracer method could be used to determine OH radical concentrations with a sensitivity of ⩽ 5 × 105 molec cm−3.
The influence of residual stress on the yielding of metal matrix composites

Abstract A systematic numerical study of the effect of residual stresses on the yielding behavior of composites comprised of elastic particles well bonded to a ductile matrix is carried out. The calculations are made within the framework of continuum plasticity theory using cell models. An investigation is made into the roles volume fraction, particle shape, and hardening play in this interaction. A slight transient softening of the composite in both tension and compression is found, but the limit stress of the composite is unaffected by the residual stress. Thus the limit stress-strain response is symmetric in tension and compression for strains greater than a few times the matrix yield strain. A qualitative connection is made between the transient reduction in stiffness and the extent to which there was prior plastic deformation in the matrix due to residual stresses.
Schema-driven time-oriented record system on a minicomputer

Abstract Data management problems in clinical medicine frequently require organization and analysis of data over the dimension of time, particularly in chronic disease such as cancer. Manual methods share the disadvantages of being cumbersome to modify and allowing only casual subjective interpretation. We have developed a schema-driven, time-oriented record for oncology (TORO) on a minicomputer for storage, retrieval, and analysis of cancer patient data. This system features interactive data entry and editing, simple schema development, and tabular and graphical outputs of analyzed and retrieved data in formats the physician uses in his manual records. A series of statistical tests, most importantly those relevant to response and survival analysis, operate directly on TORO patient files in response to interactive requests from a medical investigator. TORO combines the ability to manage individual patient data for clinical purposes with the ability to perform rapid cross-patient analyses for research purposes. Furthermore, space utilization is quite efficient and transportability of the system has been demonstrated.
Reaction kinetics over iron catalysts used for the fischer-tropsch synthesis

The kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and water-gas shift (WGS) reactions were studied in a stirred tank slurry reactor, using a 100 Fe/0.3 Cu/0.2 K catalyst and a commercial catalyst, Ruhrchemie LP 33/81. The 100 Fe/0.3 Cu/0.2 K catalyst was more active than the Ruhrchemie catalyst for both reactions. FT kinetics which accounted for water inhibition was the best of the rate forms considered for the 100 Fe/0.3 Cu/0.2 K catalyst. First order in H2 kinetics was sufficient for the Ruhrchemie catalyst, probably due to the low conversions obtained during the test of this catalyst. WGS kinetics, which included product inhibition, were also studied for each catalyst.
Searching databases for sematically-related schemas

In this paper, we address the problem of searching schema databases for semantically-related schemas. We first give a method of finding semantic similarity between pair-wise schemas based on tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, word expansion, and ontology matching. We then address the problem of indexing the schema database through a semantic hash table. Matching schemas in the database are found by hashing the query attributes and recording peaks in the histogram of schema hits. Results indicated a 90% improvement in search performance while maintaining high precision and recall.
Transformation temperatures and structures in uranium-fissium alloys

Abstract Solid state transformation temperatures and resulting structures are detailed for alloys of uranium with certain fission-product elements that might remain in a spent fuel from a fast reactor following pyrometallurgical refining. These elements, the aggregate of which is called “fissium” (Fs), are Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh and Pd. The phase relations can be related to those in the dominant U-Mo-Ru ternary system. The uranium gamma phase is stabilized down to 562° C, while the beta phase is entirely suppressed at high fissium contents. Certain crystallographic data are given and the minor phases that occur in the alloys are identified.
Developing a 60 kg bubble chamber for dark matter detection

The COUPP collaboration is developing the technology of continuously sensitive bubble chambers in the pursuit of direct detection of galactic dark matter. We have built and operated a 2 kg device in an underground area at Fermilab. From that run we obtained competitive spin-dependent interaction dark matter limits. Currently we are building a 60 kg detector, which will eventually be situated deep underground. This paper describes the design of that detector and discusses the challenges associated with it.
From brains to bytes

Brain-computer interfaces have the potential to change the way we use devices, and there are at least four methods for implementation.
Political science education and the conceptual analysis of ideology: A pedagogy and curriculum of understanding

Issues of pedagogy, curriculum, and the democratic mission of education have been and continue to be of central importance to the field of political science. The specific subject matter that we teach, how we teach it, and why we teach it is the subject of a historically important debate for political scientists. Crucially, this debate intersects with other key debates in the field, and it becomes another arena in which to discuss the relationship between politics and the academy and the meaning and purpose of political science. Many of the positions taken in the debate on the pedagogy and curriculum of political science, therefore, replicate the problems associated with political science's existential crisis. In order to avoid this angst, the article suggests that political scientists ought adopt an approach to pedagogy, curriculum, and democratic, civic education rooted in conceptual analysis and mapping.
Native and modified (acetylated) low density lipoprotein-supported steroidogenesis by macaque granulosa cells collected before and after the ovulatory stimulus : correlation with fluorescent lipoprotein uptake

We recently reported that uptake of fluorescent-tagged low density lipoprotein (DiI-LDL) by macaque granulosa cells (GC) was greatly enhanced within 27 h of an ovulatory stimulus (hCG injection). The present study was designed to determine whether increased DiI-LDL uptake correlated with an increased capacity for LDL-supported steroidogenesis. We also tested whether modified [acetylated (ac)] LDL or high density lipoprotein (HDL), which are not ligands for the LDL receptor, supported progesterone (P) production. Beginning at menses, adult female rhesus macaques were treated with human (h) FSH and hLH for 9 days to promote development of multiple follicles. On day 10, monkeys were injected with hCG (1000 IU) or received no ovulatory stimulus. Large follicles were aspirated on day 10 (nonluteinized GC) or 27-34 h after hCG administration (luteinizing GC). GC (2 x 10(4)/0.2 ml) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-Ham's F-12 plus insulin, transferrin, H2SeO3, and aprotinin, with 0-100 microgra...
The supercontinent cycle: are there two patterns of cyclicity?

Abstract Continental rifting and collisional events in the last 1000 My indicate two types of supercontinent cycles: one in which breakup of one supercontinent is followed by formation of another supercontinent, and one in which a new supercontinent forms from long-lived, small supercontinents, which never fragment or incompletely fragment due to insufficient mantle shielding. The small supercontinents may form over linear, disconnected subduction arrays rather than over a region with a high density of closely connected subduction arrays.
New Jacobi-sets for parallel computations

Abstract The set of pairs {}i, j∼¦1⩽2p} can be divided into (2p − 1) sets of p disjoint pairs. These sets are sometimes called Jacobi-sets for p pairs of integers. These Jacobi-sets also define a 1-factorization for a complete graph K2p. In this paper we present two new algorithms which generate Jacobi-sets for even pairs of integers and prove that they generate all the jacobi-sets. The Jacobi-sets are useful for the parallel implementation of Jacobi-type methods for eigenvalue problems. As far as we know, three algorithms which generate Jacobi-sets have been described and they are the Round-Robin algorithm [3] and the algorithms described by Gao and Thomas in [5] and by Bischof in [2]. While the Round-Robin requires an array of processors, the other two require a complete hypercube topology. Our algorithms require more than an array (a ring for example) but less than a hypercube topology.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients.

Background Cryptococcus neoformans can cause serious systemic infections requiring systemic antifungal therapy in immunocompromised hosts. However, isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised hosts has been reported to resolve spontaneously without treatment. Study objectives To determine the role of antifungal therapy in the management of isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised hosts. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary care, referral medical center Patients Thirty-six nonimmunocompromised subjects with isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis who received diagnoses at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) from 1976 to 2001. Interventions None. Measurements and results Of 42 nonimmunocompromised subjects with cryptococcal infections, 36 (86%) had isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis. The mean (± SD) age of these 36 patients was 61 ± 15 years (range, 14 to 88 years), and the groups included 17 men (47%) and 19 women (53%). Twenty-four patients (67%) were symptomatic, and 12 patients (33%) were asymptomatic. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, dyspnea, and fever. Cultures of sputum and bronchial washings most commonly yielded the diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid examination was performed in 11 patients (31%) and was negative in all of them. Follow-up information was available on 25 patients (69%) with a median duration of 19 months (range, 1 to 330 months). Twenty-three of these patients (92%) had resolution of their disease (no treatment, 8 patients; surgical resection only, 6 patients; and antifungal therapy, 9 patients). The condition of the two remaining patients had improved. There was no documented treatment failure, relapse, dissemination, or death in any of these 25 patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that an initial period of observation without the administration of antifungal therapy is a reasonable option for nonimmunocompromised subjects with pulmonary cryptococcosis in the absence of systemic symptoms or evidence of dissemination, as well as after surgical resection for focal cryptococcal pneumonia.
Charge Segregation and Low Hydrophobicity Are Key Features of Ribosomal Proteins from Different Organisms

Ribosomes are large and highly charged macromolecular complexes consisting of RNA and proteins. Here, we address the electrostatic and nonpolar properties of ribosomal proteins that are important for ribosome assembly and interaction with other cellular components and may influence protein folding on the ribosome. We examined 50 S ribosomal subunits from 10 species and found a clear distinction between the net charge of ribosomal proteins from halophilic and non-halophilic organisms. We found that ∼67% ribosomal proteins from halophiles are negatively charged, whereas only up to ∼15% of ribosomal proteins from non-halophiles share this property. Conversely, hydrophobicity tends to be lower for ribosomal proteins from halophiles than for the corresponding proteins from non-halophiles. Importantly, the surface electrostatic potential of ribosomal proteins from all organisms, especially halophiles, has distinct positive and negative regions across all the examined species. Positively and negatively charged residues of ribosomal proteins tend to be clustered in buried and solvent-exposed regions, respectively. Hence, the majority of ribosomal proteins is characterized by a significant degree of intramolecular charge segregation, regardless of the organism of origin. This key property enables the ribosome to accommodate proteins within its complex scaffold regardless of their overall net charge.
The Meaning of Consensus and Blocking for Cohousing Groups

This study examined the meanings of consensus and a block of consensus for 47 residents of one forming and three formed cohousing communities. Interviews revealed that the groups in this study constructed the meaning of consensus in their communities over time. Residents' metaphors for consensus revealed a multilayered and often contradictory understanding of consensus as a process that was capable of leading to a decision no member had previously envisioned, to increased member insight, and to firmer relationships within the group. Descriptions of a consensus block revealed themes related to the motives for blocking and to the pivotal role blocking has in improving the group's thinking, stopping its progress, transforming its energy, isolating members, or building community.
An Ecological Perspective on the Community Translation of Exercise Research for Older Adults

Regular exercise lowers the risk of disease progression for many chronic illnesses, but older adults experience relatively low rates of exercise. Although multiple intervention studies indicate tha...
Laser actinometry of flash-photolyzed H 2 /F 2 /He mixtures

Actinometric and time-to-threshold experiments with flash-initiated H 2 /F 2 /He mixtures have been modeled with the RESALE chemical laser code. Comparison of the salient features of both experiments with those predicted by the code determines the efficiency of our xenon flashlamp in dissociating F 2 . The results indicate that our 1000-J 20-μs full width at half maximum (FWHM) lamp is capable of dissociating 1.2 percent of the F 2 initially present in dilute F 2 /He mixtures.
Light reduction predicts widespread patterns of dominance between asters and goldenrods

Here we investigate the long-cited pattern that throughout the eastern United States, Solidago species (goldenrods), and in particular S. canadensis displace Aster species and dominate old-field communities. Theory predicts that such a ubiquitous pattern of repeated dominance should be linked to competitive ability for a limiting resource. However, no one has investigated this possibility in old-fields, representing a potentially significant gap in our understanding of a common human-altered environment. We tested the hypothesis that S. canadensis is the superior competitor for light compared to other common co-occurring goldenrod species, and that the goldenrods in general are the superior competitors for light compared to coexisting aster species, which are typically less abundant. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the light attenuation abilities of four goldenrod species, S. canadensis, S. rugosa, S. gigantea, and Euthamia graminifolia, and three aster species, Aster novae-angliae, A. pilosus, and A. prenanthoides. Consistent with our hypothesis, S. canadensis had a greater ability to attenuate light than any of the other goldenrods at higher densities, and the goldenrods overall had a greater ability to attenuate light than the asters. By conducting a census in our study area, we verified that S. canadensis is locally the most abundant goldenrod and that goldenrods are more locally abundant than asters. Furthermore, by conducting a literature survey we found evidence that S. canadensis replaces A. pilosus through time. Thus we found a close correspondence between relative abundance in the field and light attenuation ability in field experiments. These results are consistent with theory predicting that competition for limiting resources, in this case light, explains patterns of dominance and relative abundance in old-field plant communities.
Double heterozygosity in bone growth disorders: Four new observations and review

Because matings between individuals of small stature is common, information regarding double heterozygosity for dominantly inherited bone growth disorders is of considerable importance. We summarize seven occurrences of four combinations of double heterozygosity (achondroplasia/spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, achondroplasia/pseudoachondroplasia, achondroplasia/osteogenesis imperfecta type I, achondroplasia/hypochondroplasia (non-FGFR3)), and review additional reports from the literature. Each of the eight different examples of double heterozygosity for bone growth disorders now reported results in distinct phenotypic features, differing severity, and disparate expectations. We document the natural history of each. The genetic processes underlying these disorders also are examined to assess whether knowledge of molecular mechanisms can be used to predict clinical severity.
Knowledge Elements Mining Subsystem of Knowledge Abstract and Fusion System

Knowledge develops and spreads rapidly in quality, quantity, profundity and extension. The key source of sustainable competitive advantage relies on the way to create, share, and utilize knowledge. This paper discusses the necessity of using knowledge elements for managing and representing knowledge, presents the framework of the main system, and describes the process of the knowledge elements mining subsystem and the main relationships of knowledge elements.
It Takes Modern Means to be Traditional: On Recognizing Indigenous Cultural Communities in the Philippines

The main thesis of this essay is that being recognized as traditional or indigenous requires the employment of modern means. A form of ‘Bureaucratic Orientalism’ has been devised, constructing and reaffirming ‘the Other’ through the minutiae of administrative procedures and contemporary representational processes. These procedures exist for the twin purposes of establishing the right to act as an indigenous group, and of circumscribing the obligations of the state, and possibly of other institutions of governance. The entire debate is the expression of a dilemma that has no solution but is actually an expression of modernity. The three pillars upon which indigeneity is affirmed are a national (internationally legitimized) legal system, the contemporary world of NGOs, and the institutions of local government. Thus, through the very process of being recognized as ‘indigenous’, these groups enter the realms of modernity. The Philippines provide a case study for these explorations.
Intercellular junctions of rat endocardium.

The ultrastructure of the intercellular junctions of rat endocardium has been characterized following lanthanum exposure in vitro and uranyl acetate staining en bloc. The interendothelial clefts of the endocardium run either a relatively straight or convoluted course and possess one or two loci where the plasma membranes are in close apposition or form punctate fusions. Elongate restrictions, that exhibit hexagonal arrays of subunits following lanthanum immersion (gap junctions), are also present in the intercellular endocardial clefts. The occurrence of interendothelial clefts of endocardium lacking occlusive foci can account for the permeability properties of ventricular endocardium, where the direction of diffusion of macromolecules has been attributed to pressure gradients between ventricular cavity and myocardium. The relationship of gap junctions to possible electrical phenomena within the endocardium is also discussed.
Alzheimer Disease and Oxidative Stress

Research in Alzheimer disease has recently demonstrated compelling evidence on the importance of oxidative processes in its pathogenesis. Cellular changes show that oxidative stress is an event that precedes the appearance of the hallmark pathologies of the disease, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques. While it is still unclear what the initial source of the oxidative stress is in Alzheimer disease, it is likely that the process is highly dependent on redox-active transition metals such as iron and copper. Further investigation into the role that oxidative stress mechanisms seem to play in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease may lead to novel clinical interventions.
The Three RelE Homologs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Have Individual, Drug-Specific Effects on Bacterial Antibiotic Tolerance

In Escherichia coli, expression of the RelE and HipA toxins in the absence of their cognate antitoxins has been associated with generating multidrug-tolerant "persisters." Here we show that unlike persisters of E. coli, persisters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis selected with one drug do not acquire cross-resistance to other classes of drugs. M. tuberculosis has three homologs of RelE arranged in operons with their apparent antitoxins. Each toxin individually arrests growth of both M. tuberculosis and E. coli, an effect that is neutralized by coexpression of the cognate antitoxin. Overexpression or deletion of each of the RelE toxins had a toxin- and drug-specific effect on the proportion of bacilli surviving antibiotic killing. All three toxins were upregulated in vivo, but none of the deletions affected survival during murine infection. RelE2 overexpression increased bacterial survival rates in the presence of rifampin in vitro, while deletion significantly decreased survival rates. Strikingly, deletion of this toxin had no discernible effect on the level of persisters seen in rifampin-treated mice. Our results suggest that, in vivo, RelE-generated persisters are unlikely to play a significant role in the generation of bacilli that survive in the face of multidrug therapy or in the generation of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Dependence on the motif YIPP for the physical association of Jak2 kinase with the intracellular carboxyl tail of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor

Angiotensin II is the effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system. Virtually all of its biochemical actions are mediated through a single class of cell-surface receptors called AT1. These receptors contain the structural features of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Angiotensin II, acting through the AT1 receptor, also stimulates the Jak/STAT pathway by inducing ligand-dependent Jak2 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation. Here, we show that a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the carboxyl-terminal 54 amino acids of the rat AT1A receptor physically binds to Jak2 in an angiotensin II-dependent manner. Deletional analysis, using both in vitro protocols and cell transfection analysis, showed that this association is dependent on the AT1Areceptor motif YIPP (amino acids 319–322). The wild-type AT1A receptor can induce Jak2 tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, an AT1A receptor lacking the YIPP motif is unable to induce ligand-dependent phosphorylation of Jak2. Competition experiments with synthetic peptides suggest that each of the YIPP amino acids, including tyrosine 319, is important in Jak2 binding to the AT1A receptor. The binding of the AT1A receptor to the intracellular tyrosine kinase Jak2 supports the concept that the seven-transmembrane superfamily of receptors can physically associate with enzymatically active intracellular proteins, creating a signaling complex mechanistically similar to that observed with growth factor and cytokine receptors.
Decoding the superior parietal lobule connections of the superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus in the human brain.

Abstract The temporo-parietal (TP) white matter connections between the inferior parietal lobule and superior temporal gyrus as part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus (SLF/AF) or middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF) have been studied in prior diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) studies. However, few studies have been focusing on the higher TP connections of the superior parietal lobule with the temporal lobe. These higher TP connections have been shown to have a role in core processes such as attention, memory, emotions, and language. Our most recent study, for the first time, hinted to the possibility of a long white matter connection interconnecting the superior parietal lobule (SPL) with the posterior temporal lobe in human brain which we call the SLF/AF TP-SPL and for a shorter abbreviation, the TP-SPL. We decided to further investigate this white matter connection using fiber assignment by continuous tracking deterministic tractography and high spatial resolution diffusion tensor imaging on 3T. Five healthy right-handed men (age range 24–37 years) were studied. We delineated the SPL connections of the SLF/AF TP bilaterally in five normal adult human brains. Using a high resolution DTT technique, we demonstrate for the first time, the trajectory of a long fiber bundle connectivity between the SPL and posterior temporal lobe, called the SLF/AF TP-SPL (or the TP-SPL), bilaterally in five healthy adult human brains. We also demonstrate the trajectory of the vertically oriented posterior TP connections, interconnecting the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) with the posterior temporal lobe (TP-IPL) in relation to the TP-SPL, arcuate fasciculus and other major language pathways. In the current study, for the first time, we categorized the TP connections into the anterior and posterior connectivity groups and subcategorized each one into the SPL or IPL connections.
On the Total Energy Output of the Nova Outburst

It is shown that the postmaximum decline in optical light during the outburst of a normal classical nova is caused by a shift in the wavelength of maximum energy to the ultraviolet. The constant-luminosity phase which was directly observed in Nova FH Ser 1970 may, therefore, be common to all novae, regardless of speed class. This implies that all speed classes of novae have similar energy budgets and that it is the total energy involved in the outburst which produces the variation in the observed characteristics of the novae. Recent thermonuclear runaway models for the outburst also show an extended period of high luminosity and high effective temperature following the initial outburst.
Interpretation of diagnostic testing strategies for production and economic usefulness

Veterinarians providing reproductive services use a variety of diagnostic testing methods, including physical examination, laboratory testing, diagnostic imaging, and performance record evaluation. The diagnostic end point may be a physical diagnosis of pregnancy, attainment of puberty, or adequate quality and quantity of sperm; furthermore, it may be a medical diagnosis of reproductive tract pathology, presence of an infectious pathogen, or abnormal hormonal status. Proper interpretation of test results requires an understanding of how sensitivity and specificity (as measures of test accuracy), and prevalence of the condition, affect the interpretation of an individual result. For many diagnostic questions, the proper use of more than one test, either in series or in parallel, allows veterinarians to optimize their diagnostic accuracy and the economic return for the testing strategy.
Contemporary outcomes of percutaneous intervention in chronic total coronary occlusions due to in-stent restenosis.

Abstract Background Limited data exist on the treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO) due to in-stent restenosis (ISR). Methods We reviewed the procedural techniques and outcomes of 21 consecutive interventions in CTOs due to ISR. Results Mean age was 60±8 years, and all patients were men. The target lesion was located in the right coronary artery in 38%, left anterior descending or diagonal in 48%, or circumflex/obtuse marginal in 14%. One CTO lesion was treated in each patient. Two patients (10%) had prior unsuccessful attempt for CTO intervention and 14% had prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The average CTO age was 6.3±4.6 years. The overall ISR CTO procedural success rate was 71%. Procedural failure was due to inability to cross the CTO lesion in all unsuccessful cases. Failure to cross in CTOs located in the left anterior descending artery was due to the presence of a large side branch proximal to the CTO, whereas in the right coronary artery it was due to tortuosity. Retrograde interventions were attempted in four patients and were successful in one. Conclusion Success rates for ISR CTO interventions remain relatively low due to failure to cross the lesion. Several factors, such as long occlusion time, tortuosity, and presence of a large side branch proximal to the CTO may be associated with ISR CTO crossing failure.
On the Social Control of Industries

One of the master trends of modern society is the emergence and growth of large, differentiated industry complexes. Yet out theory of social control is largely focused on the control of individuals, not industries. Understanding the processes of control requires integrating perspectives of several disciplines--economics, law, political science, and sociology. A relatively comprehensive theoretical framework of the middle range is proposed consisting of five main conceptual clusters, norms, performance curves, structural context, compliance capability and readiness, surveillance and sanction capacity of control agent. The framework helps us identify areas for further research and conceptualization, stakes out a sociological claim for involvement in an area of great policy relevance, and helps bridge the gap between two levels of analysis, society and complex organization.
Sobre metodologias de pesquisa nos estudos de mídia e política

O professor e pesquisador Mauro Porto dedica-se ?? Comunica????o Pol??tica na Tulane University de New Orleans, Estados Unidos. Formado em Comunica????o pela UnB ??? Universidade de Bras??lia, com doutorado na mesma ??rea pela University of California de San Diego, ele est?? na linha de frente da pesquisa sobre m??dia e pol??tica no Brasil. Nessa entrevista, Mauro Porto fala sobre quest??es me-todol??gicas, as diferen??as entre os pesquisadores brasileiros e os norte-americanos, seu trabalho sobre telejornalismo e cobertura pol??tica, as teorias dos efeitos, de recep????o e enquadramento e, ainda, o interesse pelo Brasil nas universidades norte-americanas.
Vanguardismo a 3800 metros : el caso del " boletin titikaka " (puno, 1926 - 1930)

Probablemente no hace falta insistir sobre el caracter internacional de los movimientos literarios de vanguardia en el aimbito iberoamericano durante los afios de la primera postguerra, hasta 1929 6 1930, aproximadamente. Resultaria prolija, por cierto, una nomina de los muchos escritores "de vanguardia" que, como Huidobro, Hidalgo, Vallejo y Neruda, residieron largos aflos, produjeron y publicaron en paises que no eran los suyos de nacimiento. Tambien es notorio el papel desempefnado por algunas "pequeflas" revistas literarias, tales como la Relista de Avance de La Habana, Amauta de Lima Contenmpordneos de Mexico, etc., como vehiculos para el intercambio de novedades entre los adherentes del "arte nuevo" o de la "nueva sensibilidad", escritores y artistas esparcidos desde Mexico y las islas del Caribe hasta Chile y la Argentina. Son estas, dos observaciones que parecen tener ya aceptacion generall.
Phosphorylation Events in Regulation of Exocytosis

The ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia is an especially well suited organism with which to study the process of signal transduction associated with stimulus exocytosis coupling. Wild type (wt) Paramecium contains thousands of membrane-bounded secretory organelles, called trichocysts. These organelles are docked at specific sites below the plasma membrane. The site of a docked trichocyst is marked in freeze-fracture electron microscopy by a specific membrane microdomain consisting of an outer ring of intramembrane particles (IMPs) with a central rosette composed of 9–11 IMPs (Janish, 1972, Satir 1974). Upon stimulation with secretagogue, such as trinitrophenol (TNP), in the presence of Ca2+, the trichocyst membrane and the plasma membrane fuse and the trichocyst content, called trichocyst matrix (tmx), expands lengthwise, leaving the cell as a paracrystalline needle-like structure 40μm long. Both membrane fusion and matrix expansion are Ca2+-dependent irreversible events. The released paracrystalline tmx is easily observed in the light microscope. This has been used to assay the isolation of several secretory mutants of this cell (Beisson et al., 1976; Pollack, S., 1974; Beisson and Rossignol, 1975). In addition to the two Ca2+-dependent events mentioned above, a third event has been described which involves a covalent modification of a protein.
The Meaning of {pqdwn} in the Nabataean Inscription of Qabr at-Turkmān

Until 1959, the word {PQDWN} in the Turkmāniyeh inscription was universally understood to mean something like 'order' or 'command'. Then J.Milik suggested that it means 'responsibility', which in this context gave the sentence a completely different meaning, and this interpretation has held the day ever since. This article demonstrates that the older understanding of this word is the correct one in this context; based on the word's usage in Jewish Aramic and Syriac and upon the content of grave inscriptions in general. There are no other attestations of the word in Nabataean itself. In addition, the author proposes an alternate analysis of the syntax of the sentence in which of {PQDWN} occurs, which yields a better understanding of the meaning of the text.
Field philosophy: environmental learning and moral development in Isle Royale National Park

We conducted a qualitative analysis of 5 years of student writing data to understand learning and moral development on a field philosophy course in Isle Royale National Park. We were interested in the connection between physical experiences in the natural world and the way students care about or value nonhuman beings, natural systems, and place. Students consistently demonstrated a shift from a dualistic to a more complex understanding of ideas, relationships, and the natural world. This widening perception and moral awareness occurred in tandem with course content learning. In this paper we describe the model that emerged from our data to describe this shift from dualism to complexity – from self-awareness, to social learning, to curriculum engagement, to a wider moral community – and the factors that facilitate each step. We also provide a planning and assessment tool to help other educators begin to observe ethical development and relational growth in their own interdisciplinary environmental field cla...
Synchronized energy and electron transfer processes in covalently linked CdSe-squaraine dye-TiO2 light harvesting assembly.

Manipulation of energy and electron transfer processes in a light harvesting assembly is an important criterion to mimic natural photosynthesis. We have now succeeded in sequentially assembling CdSe quantum dot (QD) and squaraine dye (SQSH) on TiO2 film and couple energy and electron transfer processes to generate photocurrent in a hybrid solar cell. When attached separately, both CdSe QDs and SQSH inject electrons into TiO2 under visible–near-IR irradiation. However, CdSe QD if linked to TiO2 with SQSH linker participates in an energy transfer process. The hybrid solar cells prepared with squaraine dye as a linker between CdSe QD and TiO2 exhibited power conversion efficiency of 3.65% and good stability during illumination with global AM 1.5 solar condition. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements provided further insight into the energy transfer between excited CdSe QD and SQSH (rate constant of 6.7 × 1010 s–1) and interfacial electron transfer between excited SQSH and TiO2 (rate constant of 1.2 ...