cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Housing discrimination is still worth worrying about

Abstract Several scholars claim that racial and ethnic discrimination in housing is now relatively infrequent and has little impact on the lives of black and Hispanic households. They conclude that money spent on fair housing enforcement will do little or nothing to help people in these groups. This article examines these claims. The article concludes that these claims are not consistent with the evidence, which shows that discrimination in housing is still a common experience for blacks and Hispanics and that the cost of discrimination is still high. Moreover, discrimination constrains the opportunities of people in these groups to go to good schools, to find jobs, and to accumulate home equity. Thus, improved enforcement of fair housing legislation not only promotes principles that are at the heart of our democracy but also attacks one pillar of the system that perpetuates large intergroup disparities in earnings and wealth.
Hopf bifurcation on a square lattice

A complete classification of the generic D4*T2-equivariant Hopf bifurcation problems is presented. This bifurcation arises naturally in the study of extended systems, invariant under the Euclidean group E(2), when a spatially uniform quiescent state loses stability to waves of wavenumber k not=0 and frequency omega not=0. The D4*T2 symmetry group applies when periodic boundary conditions are imposed in two orthogonal horizontal directions. The centre manifold theorem allows a reduction of the infinite dimensional problem to a bifurcation problem on C4. In normal form, the vector field on C4 commutes with an S1 symmetry, which is interpreted as a time translation symmetry. The spatial and spatio-temporal symmetries of all possible solutions are classified in terms of isotropy subgroups of D4*T2*S1.
Modern at last? Variety of weak states in the post-Soviet world

Abstract Scholarly interest has recently shifted from issues of democratic transition to those of state formation and state viability. The paper reviews scholarly contributions to understanding state weakness and suggests criteria and indicators to capture stateness in the former Soviet region. It suggests a preliminary ranking of the post-Soviet states along dimensions of national order, economic efficiency and political viability. The paper hypothesizes a causal mechanism through which state development in the region may occur by incorporating both structural and policy-related factors. It concludes that most states in the region can only be characterized as weak, and their urge to become modern is therefore yet to materialize.
Quantify music artist similarity based on style and mood

Music artist similarity has been an active research topic in music information retrieval for a long time since it is especially useful for music recommendation and organization. However, it is a difficult problem. The similarity varies significantly due to different artistic aspects considered and most importantly, it is hard to quantify. In this paper, we propose a new framework for quantifying artist similarity. In the framework, we focus on style and mood aspects of artists whose descriptions are extracted from the authoritative information available at the All Music Guide website. We then generate style--mood joint taxonomies using hierarchical co-clustering algorithm, and quantify the semantic similarities between the style/mood terms based on the taxonomy structure and the positions of these terms in the taxonomies. Finally we calculate the artist similarities according to all the style/mood terms used to describe them. Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of our framework.
6S RNA binding to Eσ70 requires a positively charged surface of σ70 region 4.2

6S RNA is a small, noncoding RNA that interacts with σ70-RNA polymerase and down-regulates transcription at many promoters during stationary phase. When bound to σ70-RNA polymerase, 6S RNA is engaged in the active site of σ70-RNA polymerase in a manner similar enough to promoter DNA that the RNA can serve as a template for RNA synthesis. It has been proposed that 6S RNA mimics the conformation of DNA during transcription initiation, suggesting contacts between RNA polymerase and 6S RNA or DNA may be similar. Here we demonstrate that region 4.2 of σ70 is critical for the interaction between 6S RNA and RNA polymerase. We define an expanded binding surface that encompasses positively charged residues throughout the recognition helix of the helix-turn-helix motif in region 4.2, in contrast to DNA binding that is largely focused on the N-terminal region of this helix. Furthermore, negatively charged residues in region 4.2 weaken binding to 6S RNA but do not similarly affect DNA binding. We propose that the binding sites for promoter DNA and 6S RNA on region 4.2 of σ70 are overlapping but distinct, raising interesting possibilities for how core promoter elements contribute to defining promoters that are sensitive to 6S RNA regulation.
Automated semantic analysis of design models

Based on several years of experience in generating code from large SDL and UML models in the telecommunications domain, it has become apparent that model analysis must be used to augment more traditional validation and testing techniques. While model correctness is extremely important, the difficulty of use and non-scalability of most formal verification techniques when applied to large-scale design models renders them insufficient for most applications. We have also repeatedly seen that even the most complete test coverage fails to find many problems. In contrast, sophisticated model analysis techniques can be applied without human interaction to large-scale models. A discussion of the model analysis techniques and the model defects that they can detect is provided, along with some real-world examples of defects that have been caught.
Empirical modeling of laser propagation effects in intermediate turbulence

Low energy laser propagation through moderate turbulence is considered. Propagation of lasers through the surface boundary layer at ranges greater than a kilometer for visible wavelengths often involves intermediate level turbulence effects. Although propagation through weak turbulence is described through a series of integral equations and propagation through strong turbulence is understood in the asymptotic theory, propagation through intermediate level turbulence is usually described through heuristic theories. In this paper, techniques are described to simulate beam spread, wander, scintillation saturation, aperture- averaging, and an aperture-averaged scintillation distribution. Inner-scale effects are discussed throughout. Hill and Clifford theory is parameterized and adjusted to obtain an irradiance variance saturation curve that compares well with measured data of Coles and Frehlich, and Churnside. An empirical aperture-averaging curve compared well with intermediate turbulence data collected by Churnside.
EFFECT OF MEANINGFULNESS AND INSTRUCTIONS ON FREQUENCY ESTIMATION

The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether stimulus meaningfulness, instructions regarding the probable range of frequenq estimates, and the interaction of these two factors would influence estimation of frequency. Eight 2-syllable nonsense words and English words from Noble's lists (1952) were to represent 4 levels of meaningfulness: .99-1.24, 1.96-2.26, 4.68-5.61, 7.70--9.61. All stimuli appeared on a stimulus sheet 0, 1, 2, or 3 times, which was shown to 46 Ss from an introductory psychology course at Syracuse University. Each S examined a stimulus sheet under two instruction conditions: (a) "Mosr of the words below appeared on the first stimulus page from 0 to 2 times. Write your estimates of their frequenq next to each word." (b) "Most of the words below appeared on the first stimulus page from 3 to 5 times. Write your estimates of their frequency next to each word." Twenty-seven Ss received lowfrequenq instructions before high-frequency instructions; 19 received the instructions in the reverse order. An analysis of variance of the frequency estimates indicated that two main effects were significant: instructions (F = 109.22, df = 1/44, p < ,001) and true frequency (P = 161.41, df = 3/132, p < .001), with higher estimates given for high-frequency instructions and high-true frequenq. The mean effect of meaningfulness was not significant (F = .64). The interaction between instructions and meaningfulness was significant (P = 2.99, df = 3/132, p < .005). Words of low meaning are influenced by frequency instructions more than is true of high meaning words. While S may be convinced by insrructional set that he saw "gojey" many times or few, he is less likely to let instructional set change his frequency estimate for "kitchen." The interaction of meaningfulness and true frequenq was also significant (P = 8.85, df = 9/396, p < .001), as was the interaction of meaningfulness, true frequency, and instructions (F = 3.36, df = 9/396, p < .001). However, inspection of the data showed no consistent pattern for either interaction. Stimuli presented with low-frequency instructions showed the interaction of true frequency and estimated frequenq reported earlier (e.g., Begg, 1974; Matlin & Stang, 1975), i.e., Ss tended to overestimate low-frequency stimuli and underestimate highfrequency stimuli. When stimuli were presented with high-frequency instructions, all stimulus frequencies were overestimaced. However, instructions had no effect on the slope of the relationship between true frequency and estimated frequency.
A likelihood-ratio-based normal approximation for the non-null distribution of the multiple correlation coefficient

Let X1,X2, …, Xp be jointly distributed according to a multivariate normal distribution, and let ? denote the multiple correlation coefficient between X1 and X2, X3,…, Xp Let Xli,…, Xpi, i =1, … N, be a random sample from the distribution. The logarithm of the likelihood ratio statistic for testing the hypothesis that ρ is zero is −(N/2)log(l−R2), where R is the sample multiple correlation coefficient. A Gaussian approximation to the non-null (ρ≠0) distribution of R is developed using the transformation (T/E(T))hwhere T =−log(l−R2), and h is determined from the first three cumulants of T. The approximation is simple and accurate over a wide range of the parameters p, N, and ρ.
Studies on the Mode of Action of Calciferol. XXXIV. Relationship of the Distribution of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Metabolites to Gonadal Activity and Egg Shell Formation in the Quail*

A study was conducted on three groups (mature laying, mature nonlaying, and immature) of female quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in order to relate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) metabolism to sexual maturation and onset of egg production. Vitamin D-deficient quail were injected a total of four times at 2-day intervals with [3H]25OHD3 (2.5 nmol and 1.2 μCi); plasma calcium and metabolites derived from [3H]25OHD3 in the various tissues were determined. Plasma calcium and egg shell gland (ESG) weight were higher in laying or mature nonlaying quail than in immature quail. The concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] was significantly higher in laying than in mature nonlaying and immature quail in plasma (1.36, 0.88, and 0.42 pmol/ml, respectively), intestinal mucosa (1.80, 0.76, and 0.31 pmol/g respectively), and ESG (0.93, 0.38, and 0.30 pmol/g, respectively), but not in muscle (0.12, 0.05, and 0.03 pmol/g). The proportion of vitamin D metabolites present as 1,25-(OH)2D3 and the tissue to p...
Ultrasonic assessment of early-age changes in the material properties of cementitious materials

After casting, cementitious materials exhibit a continuous change in the mechanical properties with time due to a chemical reaction known as hydration. In addition, these materials also exhibit a change in state, from a fluid to a solid, in the first few hours. Conventionally, changes in the material properties are obtained by monitoring the visco-elastic moduli with time before setting and the increase in the elastic material properties of the solid cementitious material, after setting. An ultrasonic test setup and the data analysis procedures, which provide for continuous monitoring of the hydrating cementitious materials from a very early age through setting are presented in this paper. The test procedures for obtaining the ultrasonic test data and the inversion subroutines for assessing the material properties of the cementitious material at different stages of hydration are discussed. The experimental test results obtained from mortar mixtures of varying compositions are presented. The observed experimental trends are explained considering wave propagation in visco-elastic materials. There is a two-stage increase in the value of shear modulus of mortar with time. Experimental evidence suggests that initially there is a larger relative increase in the viscous component of the shear modulus while later there is a larger relative increase in the elastic component.
The transformation of US gender role attitudes: cohort replacement, social-structural change, and ideological learning

Abstract Growing support for gender equality and a shift toward less restrictive views of gender roles suggest a significant transformation of US public opinion during the second half of the twentieth century. Following the initial discovery of these trends in the 1970s, attitudes toward gender roles received less scholarly attention in the 1980s, due in large part to questions about the relevance of this type of opinion change for understanding patterns of stability and change in behaviors and institutions related to gender. Since the early 1990s, a new generation of research has reported evidence linking changing gender role attitudes to subsequent change in the behavior of individuals and also to the level of gender inequality within specific institutions. While gender role attitudes appear to have significant effects within the context of family institutions, questions about the precise causal origins of these changing attitudes have received insufficient attention in the recent literature. This paper contributes to the sociological reconsideration of this opinion trend by evaluating competing explanations of changing gender role attitudes. We find evidence of substantial cohort replacement effects. Further analyses suggest that processes of ideological learning may mediate a large portion of the cohort replacement effect, also explaining much of the contribution of adult attitude change to opinion trends. We discuss implications of these findings for advancing the literature on gender role attitudes, and also for fruitfully revisiting questions about the role of ideology in US public opinion.
Path-cycle Ramsey numbers

Recently, Ramsey numbers have been obtained for several classes of graphs. In particular, they have been studied for graphs of low order, pairs of paths, pairs of cycles, and for a star and a path. In this paper, the Ramsey numbers are obtained for all path-cycle pairs.
Coexistence of parametric decay cascades and caviton collapse at subcritical densities.

We report results of two-dimensional numerical solutions of Zakharov's model for strong Langmuir turbulence excited by powerful electromagnetic pump waves at subcritical densities, as in hf modification of the ionisphere and laser-plasma interactions. The results show that truncated parametric decay cascades can coexist with caviton collapse for moderate pump power. A high level of ion density fluctuations, driven primarly by caviton collapse, produces energy and power spectra which are not consistent with conventional weak turbulence theory.
What ‘Strengthening Forensic Science’ today means for tomorrow: DNA exceptionalism and the 2009 NAS Report

Congress explicitly ordered the National Academy of Science to investigate 'non-DNA' forensic techniques. But DNA typing nonetheless exerted great influence over every aspect of the process, from the story of how the committee came into existence to the final contents of the report's pages. This article unearths the pivotal role played by DNA typing in the formation and execution of the committee's mission. It then uses that history to caution against 'DNA exceptionalism' - the inclination to view DNA as uniquely impermeable to error or as requiring less oversight and scrutiny than traditional methods. Instead, this article argues that the committee's recommendations should be interpreted as safeguards essential for all forensic methods, not just the ones expressly covered by the report.
Ambient Illumination Consistency Based on Hue Method in a Mixed-scene

Illumination makes an important role in realistic graphics rendering, especially in the mixed-scene rendering based on the geometric models and images. Adjusting illumination effect is a key step to achieve realistic scene when the images are inconsistent with the virtual environment. Therefore, complicated processing is required to generate the image with desired illumination condition. Using the technology of model rendering pipeline based on GPU, this paper presents a hue method to generate consistent ambient illumination between image and geometric models in a mixed-scene without specular and shadow. With this method, we can render the novel image under different ambient lights, and need not a lot of image data.
Literature, Digital Humanities, and the Age of the Encyclopedia

In this article I argue that, in case Digital Humanities are looking for an anthem text, Robert Musil's (1930) The Man without Qualities is worthy of consideration. Musil's modernist novel is the first novel written from the perspective of information overload; at the same time, it mounts a passionate defense of the importance of technology, routines and unsupervised procedures even in dealing with culture and the world of letters. In order to substantiate these claims, I relate some of the fears accompanying literature's renewed exposure to media and technology with similar discussions in early modernity. This historical perspective allows to identify and link three specific discourses underpinning the debate on the future of reading and the book, namely: education, rhetoric, and the concept of the encyclopedia. The encyclopedia is a model of writing that foregrounds such cultural techniques as metadata and collaborative authorship that can be grouped under the common denominator of transliteracy (which is the tokenization of a specific media text in view of its potential transcription into other media). The new methods and tools developed by Digital Humanities may be frowned upon by established philology. But they will meet with more widespread approval if they are properly situated within their shared historical background, namely the study of rhetoric and the cultural history of the encyclopedia and the encyclopedic novel as a tool for organizing and visualizing knowledge.
p53, longevity assurance and longevity suppression

In the past decade significant advances in the genetics of aging have provided important new mechanistic insights into this complex biological process. Among the genes that assure longevity are the tumor suppressor genes. Of these, p53 is particularly important for suppressing cancers, but it might have the paradoxical effect of facilitating aging as a result of its antiproliferative activities. Evidence that p53 activity affects aging in mammals will be presented.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of breast: Recent advances

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most breast cancers with triple-negative, basal-like breast features (i.e., tumors that are devoid of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and express basal cell markers) are generally high-grade tumors with an aggressive clinical course. Conversely, while ACCs also display a triple-negative, basal-like phenotype, they are usually low-grade and exhibit an indolent clinical behavior. Many discoveries regarding the molecular and genetic features of the ACC, including a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9) that results in a MYB-NFIB fusion gene, have been made in recent years. This comprehensive review provides our experience with the ACC of the breast, as well as an overview of clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic features.
False-positive reduction technique for detection of masses on digital mammograms: Global and local multiresolution texture analysis

We investigated the application of multiresolution global and local texture features to reduce false-positive detection in a computerized mass detection program. One hundred and sixty-eight digitized mammograms were randomly and equally divided into training and test groups. From these mammograms, two datasets were formed. The first dataset (manual) contained four regions of interest (ROIs) selected manually from each of the mammograms. One of the four ROIs contained a biopsy-proven mass and the other three contained normal parenchyma, including dense, mixed dense/fatty, and fatty tissues. The second dataset (hybrid) contained the manually extracted mass ROIs, along with normal tissue ROIs extracted by an automated Density-Weighted Contrast Enhancement (DWCE) algorithm as false-positive detections. A wavelet transform was used to decompose an ROI into several scales. Global texture features were derived from the low-pass coefficients in the wavelet transformed images. Local texture features were calculated from the suspicious object and the peripheral subregions. Linear discriminant models using effective features selected from the global, local, or combined feature spaces were established to maximize the separation between masses and normal tissue. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the classifier performance. The classification accuracy using global features were comparable to that using local features. With both global and local features, the average area, A z , under the test ROC curve, reached 0.92 for the manual dataset and 0.96 for the hybrid dataset, demonstrating statistically significant improvement over those obtained with global or local features alone. The results indicated the effectiveness of the combined global and local features in the classification of masses and normal tissue for false-positive reduction.
Easy and efficient bonding of biomolecules to an oxide surface of silicon.

A new method is described to attach biological molecules to the surface of silicon. Semiconductors such as Si modified with surface-bound capture molecules have enormous potential for use in biosensors for which an ideal detection platform should be inexpensive, recognize targets rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity, and possess superior stability. In this process, a self-assembled film of an organophosphonic acid is bonded to the native or synthesized oxide-coated Si surface as a film of the corresponding phosphonate. The phosphonate film is functionalized to enable covalently coupling biological molecules, ranging in size from small peptides to large multi-subunit proteins, to the Si surface. Surface modification and biomolecule coupling procedures are easily accomplished: all reactions can proceed in air, and most take place under ambient conditions. The biomolecule-modified surfaces are stable under physiological conditions, are selective for adhesion of specific cells types, and are reusable.
Integrated Approach to Data Center Power Management

Energy accounts for a significant fraction of the operational costs of a data center, and data center operators are increasingly interested in moving toward low-power designs. Two distinct approaches have emerged toward achieving this end: the power-proportional approach focuses on reducing disk and server power consumption, while the green data center approach focuses on reducing power consumed by support-infrastructure like cooling equipment, power distribution units, and power backup equipment. We propose an integrated approach, which combines the benefits of both. Our solution enforces power-proportionality at the granularity of a rack or even an entire containerized data center; thus, we power down not only idle IT equipment, but also their associated support-infrastructure. We show that it is practical today to design data centers to power down idle racks or containers&#x2014;and in fact, current online service trends strongly enable this model. Finally, we show that our approach combines the energy savings of power-proportional and green data center approaches, while performance remains unaffected.
Strong spatial mixing of list coloring of graphs

The property of spatial mixing and strong spatial mixing in spin systems has been of interest because of its implications on uniqueness of Gibbs measures on infinite graphs and efficient approximation of counting problems that are otherwise known to be #P hard. In the context of coloring, strong spatial mixing has been established for Kelly trees in Ge and Stefankovic, arXiv:1102.2886v3 2011 when qi¾?α*Δ+1where q the number of colors, Δ is the degree and α*=1.763.. is the unique solution to xe-1/x=1. It has also been established in Goldberg et al., SICOMP 35 2005 486-517 for bounded degree lattice graphs whenever qi¾?α*Δ-βfor some constant β, where Δ is the maximum vertex degree of the graph. We establish strong spatial mixing for a more general problem, namely list coloring, for arbitrary bounded degree triangle-free graphs. Our results hold for any α>α*whenever the size of the list of each vertex v is at least αΔv+βwhere Δvis the degree of vertex v and β is a constant that only depends on α. The result is obtained by proving the decay of correlations of marginal probabilities associated with graph nodes measured using a suitably chosen error function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46,599-613, 2015
Can docosahexaenoic acid inhibit metastasis by decreasing deformability of the tumor cell plasma membrane

Murine leukemia cells were fused with small unilamellar vesicles composed of 1-stearoyl, 2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-modified cells were tested for deformability by forcing them through 5.0-microm Nucleopore filters. As the cellular DHA content increased, the cells passed through the filters with more difficulty. Furthermore, cells that passed through the filters had less DHA than cells that did not. Monitored by steady-state fluorescence polarization of membrane interior and surface probes, DHA reduced the membrane order in the hydrophobic interior while increasing the order at the aqueous interface. We attribute DHA's anti-metastatic properties in part to effects on membrane structure that reduce cell deformability.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetization study of surfactant-coated epsilon-Co nanoparticles

A combination of 59 Co spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dc magnetization measurements have been carried out on two samples of surfactant-coated Co nanoparticles in disordered assemblies; 6.5 nm diameter e-Co and 12nm diameter hcp-Co. The e-Co nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature T B = 70 K, while the hcp-Co nanoparticles remain ferromagnetic up to room temperature. In addition, the initial susceptibility for the e-Co nanoparticles can be described by the Curie―Weiss law with a negative Θ=―158K.The NMR signal from the hcp-Co sample is strong at 77 K with no applied magnetic field; the spectra are straightforward and similar to that for bulk hcp Co. However, the NMR signal from the e-Co sample is not detectable at 77 K, even with fields up to 7.5 kOe. A NMR signal appears at 4.2 K; the echo amplitude increases dramatically with applied field. The spectra, which must be corrected for T 2 effects, are quite broad and characteristic of the small particle size. Due to the broadening, there were no observable spectral features which could be assigned to the two Co sites in crystalline e-Co. The results are discussed in the light of interparticle interactions which reduce the initial susceptibility and lead to negative Θ-values. Estimates are given for the magnetic dipolar and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies of the particles in both samples.
Comparison of created and natural freshwater emergent wetlands in Connecticut (USA)

Five three- to four-year old created palustrine/emergent wetland sites were compared with five nearby natural wetlands of comparable size and type. Hydrologic, soil and vegetation data were compiled over a nearly two-year period (1988-90). Created sites, which were located along major highways, exhibited more open water, greater water depth, and greater fluctuation in water depth than natural wetlands. Typical wetland soils exhibiting mottling and organic accumulation were wanting in created sites as compared with natural sites. Typha latifolia (common cattail) was the characteristic emergent vegetation at created sites, whereas a more diverse mosaic of emergent wetland species was often associated with Typha at the natural sites. Species richness was slightly higher in created (22–45) vs. natural (20–39) wetlands, but the mean difference (33 vs. 30) was not significant. Nearly half (44%) of the 54 wetland taxa found at the various study sites were more frequently recorded at created than natural wetlands. The presence of mycorrhizae in roots of Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed) was greater at created than natural wetlands, which may be related to differential nutrient availability. Wildlife use at all sites ranged from occasional to rare, with more sightings of different species in the natural (39) than created (29) wetlands. The presence of P. australis and introduced Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) may pose a threat to future species richness at the created sites. One created site has permanent flow-through hydrology, and its vegetation and wildlife somewhat mimic a natural wetland; however, the presence of P. australis and its potential spread pose an uncertain future for this site. This study suggests the possibility of creating small palustrine/emergent wetlands having certain functions associated with natural wetlands, such as flood water storage, sediment accretion and wildlife habitat. It is premature to evaluate fully the outcome of these wetland creation efforts. A decade or more is needed, emphasizing the importance of long term monitoring and the need to establish demonstration areas.
A novel filter for terrain mapping with laser rangefinders

This paper introduces a novel filter for terrain mapping with a two-dimensional laser rangefinder. The filter, called the certainty-assisted spatial (CAS) filter, uses the physical constraints on motion continuity and spatial continuity to identify corrupted pixels and missing data in an elevation map. The filter removes the corrupted pixels, fills in the missing data, and leaves the uncorrupted pixels intact so as to preserve the details of a terrain map. Our extensive indoor and outdoor mapping experiments show the CAS filter's superior performance in erroneous data reduction and map detail preservation over conventional filters.
The Child Accident Repeater A Review

The child accident repeater is defined as one who has at least three accidents that come to medical attention within a year. The accident situation has features in common with those of the child who has a single accident through simple "bad luck", but other factors predispose him to repeated injury. In the child who has a susceptible personality, a tendency for accident repetition may be due to a breakdown in adjustment to a stressful environment. Prevention of repeat accidents should involve the usual measures considered appropriate for all children as well as an attempt to provide treatment of significant maladjustment and modification of a stressful environment.
Modulation of adoptive cell transfers in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by antigen treatment of donors.

Abstract Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis has been adoptively transferred using lymph node cells from Strain 13 guinea pig donors sensitized with purified encephalitogenic myelin basic protein. Adoptive cell transfer was used to examine the immunocompetence of lymph node cells obtained from guinea pigs protected from disease development by treatment with MBP. Lymph node cells from guinea pigs unresponsive to EAE challenge do not adoptively transfer disease. Cells obtained from guinea pigs treated with MBP following encephalitogenic challenge are competent in adoptive transfer with respect to pathologic lesions, but not clinical disease. The clinical and pathologic responses of recipients of the histocompatible lymphocyte populations are similar to those seen in the treatment-matched donor controls, suggesting that under these circumstances lymphoid cells, rather than circulating soluble factors, are responsible for disease induction and suppression.
SEC product-line reporting and market efficiency

Abstract This study tests the efficiency of the securities market with respect to non-public segment earnings data for 1967–1969 which was first made public by many firms in 1970 SEC 10-K reports. Trading rule strategies are proposed in which segment-based earnings forecasts are compared to consolidated-based forecasts to anticipate ‘unexpected’ changes in earnings. Using the ‘market model’ to eliminate market related movements in security prices, average monthly abnormal returns conditional on this segment-based strategy are estimated for 1968, 1969, and 1970 for two groups of firms: (1) ‘Non-disclosure’ firms that did not publicly report either segment revenue or profit data prior to 1970, and (2) ‘partial disclosure’ firms that publicly reported segment revenue information, but no segment profits, prior to 1970. The results suggest that the market was not efficient with respect to the non-public segment revenue and profit data of non-disclosure firms for 1968–1969. However, this finding could not be replicated for 1970. The average monthly abnormal returns conditional on the segment-based trading rule strategy were found to be relatively small for the partial disclosure firms. This suggests that segment revenue data can be used to successfully anticipate changes in total entity earnings which would otherwise be ‘unexpected’ if only consolidated data were available.
White-Tailed Deer Response to Vehicle Approach:Evidence of Unclear and Present Danger

The fundamental causes of animal-vehicle collisions are unclear, particularly at the level of animal detection of approaching vehicles and decision-making. Deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) are especially costly in terms of animal mortality, property damage, and safety. Over one year, we exposed free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to vehicle approach under low ambient light conditions, from varying start distances, and vehicle speeds from 20 km/h to approximately 90 km/h. We modeled flight response by deer to an approaching vehicle and tested four hypotheses: 1) flight-initiation distance (FID) would correlate positively with start distance (indicating a spatial margin of safety); 2) deer would react to vehicle speed using a temporal margin of safety; 3) individuals reacting at greater FIDs would be more likely to cross the path of the vehicle; and 4) crossings would correlate positively with start distance, approach speed, and distance to concealing/refuge cover. We examined deer responses by quantiles. Median FID was 40% of start distance, irrespective of start distance or approach speed. Converting FID to time-to-collision (TTC), median TTC was 4.6 s, but uncorrelated with start distance or approach speed. The likelihood of deer crossing in front of the vehicle was not associated with greater FIDs or other explanatory variables. Because deer flight response to vehicle approach was highly variable, DVCs should be more likely with increasing vehicle speeds because of lower TTCs for a given distance. For road sections characterized by frequent DVCs, we recommend estimating TTC relative to vehicle speed and candidate line-of-sight distances adjusted downward by (1-P), where P represents our findings for the proportion of start distance by which >75% of deer had initiated flight. Where road design or conservation goals limit effectiveness of line-of-sight maintenance, we suggest incorporation of roadway obstacles that force drivers to slow vehicles, in addition to posting advisory speed limits.
Evidence that selenium deficiency results in the cytoplasmic decay of GPx1 mRNA dependent on pre‐mRNA splicing proteins bound to the mRNA exon‐exon junction

Studies of transcripts for the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) have provided remarkable evidence for the coupling of pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus and mRNA translation in the cytoplasm. Such evidence derives from the initial finding that GPx1 mRNA is a natural substrate of nonsense-mediated decay. Here, recent work on GPx1 RNA metabolism is reviewed and future directions of study are defined.
Optical Measurements of Activity-Dependent Membrane Recycling in Motor Nerve Terminals of Mammalian Skeletal Muscle

Motor nerve terminals in a variety of rat and mouse skeletal muscles were stained in an activity-dependent fashion using the styryl dyes FM1-43 or FM2-10. Low-light video microscopy and digital image processing techniques were used to evaluate destaining of the preparations during application of depolarizing stimuli. Best results were obtained with the mouse triangularis sterni muscle. Quantitative analysis of the destaining of dye-loaded terminals supports the suggestion that FM1-43 stains a recycling membrane compartment, most probably synaptic vesicles. However, the pattern of staining and destaining were not the same as those reported previously for frog neuromuscular junctions. The pattern of nerve terminal staining was less punctate and the rate and amount of activity-dependent destaining were less than in frog muscle. Part of the explanation may be a more acute susceptibility of mammalian terminals to phototoxicity.
Compression Behavior of A= 45 -Dominated Laminates with a Circular Hole or Impact Damage

An investigation of the compression failure characteristics of ±45°-dominate d laminates with a circular hole or impact damage was conducted. Graphite-epoxy laminates consisting of all ±45° plies and of ±45° and 90° plies were evaluated. In-plane shearing between the fibers and matrix (i.e, matrix shearing) was found to be the primary compression failure mechanism for an all ±45° laminate with a hole. The failure mechanism for the ±45°-dominated laminates with a hole appeared to be a combination of delamination and matrix shearing. The compression failure stresses and strains for both the all ±45° laminate and the ±45°-dominated laminates were unaffected by impact damage at an energy level of 5.5 J when compared to results for undamaged control specimens. The failure stresses and strains for all laminates with impact damage at energy levels of 17.0 or 34.3 J were significantly lower than the corresponding data for the undamaged control specimens. The failure stresses and strains for these impact-damaged specimens were independent of the percentage of 90° plies in the laminate.
A Boxing-like Round-by-round Analysis of American College Basketball

In the last two decades, basketball coaches have increasingly relied on statistical analysis to determine coaching strategies for their teams. Davidson College (USA) men’s basketball coach Bob McKillop divides each game into ten “rounds”, with a round ending at each media timeout and at halftime, and gives his team several “round” goals for every game. In this article we investigate how winning rounds affects the outcome of a basketball game and investigate whether certain rounds are more important than others. We also look at whether the results of multiple rounds give more information than just looking at the results of one round at a time and whether there are other easy-to-measure factors that can produce a predictive model. Finally, we investigate whether there are any differences related to Davidson’s round record compared to other teams as Davidson’s players are coached to think about this strategy.
Synchronization Signal Design for OFDM Based On Time-Frequency Hopping Patterns

In an OFDM system, channel estimation can be considered as sampling the time-frequency response of the channel through a number of known pilot symbols placed across the time-frequency plane. Sampling theory dictates that the pilot insertion frequency must be above the Nyquist rates in both time and frequency to avoid aliasing of the delay-Doppler response. Based on the regularly spaced pilot pattern, we can derive alternative patterns that preserve the non-aliasing property by hopping the scan lines in either time domain or frequency domain, but not both. From this extended set of patterns, we find ones with properties that, in addition to channel estimation, can achieve responsively other synchronization tasks such as initial time-frequency offset estimation and device identification. The ambiguity function analysis frequently used in radar signal design leads to a periodic time-hopping pattern based on the costas array that has minimal coincidences with its circular time-frequency shifts, which can be used for the identification of multiple devices. The hopping in time also greatly increases the pilot's time support, thus enabling the quick initial acquisition of timing and frequency offset with very short observation.
Reduced-Order Modeling and Simulated Annealing Optimization for Efficient Residential Building Utility Bill Calibration

Abstract This simulation study applies the general framework described in BESTEST-EX for self-testing residential building energy model calibration methods. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s BEopt/DOE-2.2 is used to evaluate an automated regression metamodeling-based calibration approach in the context of monthly synthetic utility data for a 1960s-era existing home in a cooling-dominated climate. The home’s model inputs are assigned probability distributions representing uncertainty ranges, pseudo-random selections are made from the uncertainty ranges to define “explicit” input values, and synthetic utility billing data are generated using the explicit input values. A central composite design is used to develop response surface statistical models for the home’s predicted energy use. Applying a gradient-based simulated annealing optimization algorithm to the statistical “metamodels”, the calibration approach systematically adjusts values of the design variables and reduces disagreement between predicted energy use and synthetic utility billing data. Various retrofit measures are applied and used to assess accuracy of retrofit savings predictions resulting from using the calibration procedure. Substituting actual BEopt/DOE-2.2 model simulations with the statistical models reduces overall calibration procedure run-time while sacrificing only a limited degree of accuracy for retrofit savings predictions.
Interferon-induced Ifit proteins: Their role in viral pathogenesis

A major component of the protective antiviral host defense is contributed by the intracellular actions of the proteins encoded by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs); among these are the interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs), consisting of four members in human and three in mouse. IFIT proteins do not have any known enzyme activity. Instead, they inhibit virus replication by binding and regulating the functions of cellular and viral proteins and RNAs. Although all IFITs are comprised of multiple copies of the degenerate tetratricopeptide repeats, their distinct tertiary structures enable them to bind different partners and affect host-virus interactions differently. The recent use of Ifit knockout mouse models has revealed novel antiviral functions of these proteins and new insights into the specificities of ISG actions. This article focuses on human and murine IFIT1 and IFIT2 by reviewing their mechanisms of action, their critical roles in protecting mice from viral pathogenesis, and viral strategies to evade IFIT action.
The Costs of Having a Bully in the Library

Purpose – The purpose of the this article is to address the issue of bullying within an organizational environment related to workplace conflict, which has not been typically noted within library organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The article provides the context to determine whether a problem exists and several resources to utilize if needed. Findings – It is speculated that bullying can exist in library organizations as with other professional organizations, but has not been raised as an issue with regard to potential costs involved. Originality/value – This topic is being addressed as part of the financial considerations present within library operations that bear attention in today’s environment.
Estimates of MTTF and optimal number of spares of fault-tolerant processor arrays

Reliability and mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) models of different fault-tolerant processor arrays (FTPAs) are introduced. On the basis of these models, approaches which allow for the analytical estimate of the necessary number of spares (NNS) and the optimal number of spares (ONS) are proposed. Knowledge of the NNS is suited to FTPAs where nonredundant hardware (hardware for which no redundancy is provided) is considered nearly fault free. Knowledge of the ONS is useful when faults can affect the nonredundant hardware, because in this case overall array reliability may actually decrease when the number of spares increases beyond some value. The quick estimates provided here can be used to help designers in the early design phases of an FTPA. >
Automatic Elimination of Electrode-Pop Artifacts in

A circuit is described for automatic on-line real-time elimination of electrode-pop artifact from EEG recordings, which can occur occasionally from a sudden change in the dc contact potential at an electrode. The circuit, which functions irrespective of polarity and amplitude (over a wide range) of the artifact, is intended primarily for eliminating this artifact from EEG's for computer analysis, from which spurious results can otherwise emerge. Examples of operation of the circuit are included.
Household Income, Maternal Acculturation, Maternal Education Level and Health Behaviors of Chinese-American Children and Mothers

Objective A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine factors associated with health behaviors, including physical activity and dietary intake, of Chinese women who have immigrated to the United States and their children. Participants Using convenience sampling, a total of 65 Chinese-American children and their mothers in the San Francisco Bay Area participated in the study. Measures Information related to children’s weight, height, level of physical activity (Caltrac accelerometer), and dietary intake (Kids’ food frequency questionnaire) was collected using standardized instruments. Mothers completed questionnaires regarding household income, their levels of education and acculturation (Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale), dietary intake (SWAN Food Frequency Questionnaire), and level of physical activity (Seven-day physical activity recall). Results 36.9% (n = 24) of the children were overweight (body mass index higher than the 85th percentile). A high household income was related to low maternal body mass index (R2 = .08, P = .04), high maternal fat intake (R2 = .21, P = .0001), and high maternal intake of sweets (R2 = .08, P = .033), and a high level of maternal acculturation was related to low body mass index in children (R2 = .07, P = .034). Conclusions The results suggest that an intervention aimed at reducing obesity and promoting health behaviors must be appropriate for different ethnic groups with various incomes and levels of acculturation.