cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Thionation and Reduction of Graphene Oxide Through Solid/Gas Metathetical Sulfidation Reactions at High Temperatures

AbstractWe show that thionation of graphene oxide sheets is possible concomitantly with reduction of graphene oxide through a high-temperature (up to 500°C) solid/gas metathetical reaction process by employing gaseous boron sulfides as a thionation reagent which can effectively prevent the graphene oxide sheets from restacking during the heating. The X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopic studies revealed that reaction products have the S:O atomic ratios of about 2:1. The deconvolution of the high-resolution S2p XPS spectra of the product showed that about 90% of the sulfur atoms in the products are present in the form of C-SH. Ellman assay results indicated that practically all the thiols act as a free thiol which can participate in disulfide bond formation. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies up to 600°C, the thiol functional groups in the products was found to be more thermally stable than hydroxyl groups. The estimated Tauc optical gap of the products i...
Some observations on effect of gamma radiation on the biochemistry of the rat thymus.

SummaryNegligible changes were observed in the activities of succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and adenosine triphosphatase in a thymus homogenate prepared from a rat exposed to 800 r of gamma radiation; however, pronounced diminution both in concentration and in P32 incorporation of thymus DNA, and to a lesser extent RNA, were evident 3 hours after exposure of the rat, and became progressively greater during a 96-hour post-irradiation interval. The capacity of a thymus homogenate to esterify inorganic phosphate was appreciably diminished in the irradiated rat. It is suggested that the diminished respiration observed in slices of thymus from irradiated rats is not a primary radiation effect, since comparable changes do not occur in the activity of individual respiratory enzymes studied here.
The Pollen of Limnocharis Flava Buch., Hydrocleis Nymphoides (Willd.) Buch., and Tenagocharis Latifolia (Don) Buch. (Limnocharitaceae)

Abstract Morphological data are presented on the pollen of Limnocharis flava Buch., Hydrocleis nymphoides (Willd.) Buch., and Tenagocharis latifolia (Don) Buch. These data suggest that the structure of the germinal aperture is taxonomically more pertinent in the Limnocharitaceae than the structure of the interporal exine and indicate some similarities in pollen morphology and fine structure between particular taxa in the Limnocharitaceae and Alismataceae.
Airborne endotoxin in homes with domestic animals: Implications for cat-specific tolerance

Background Although endotoxin is known to increase symptoms in allergic individuals, early exposure might decrease sensitization. Similarly, the presence of an animal in the home has been associated with decreased sensitization to animal allergens. It has been suggested that the effect of animals could be explained by increased endotoxin exposure. Objective We sought to investigate the effects of domestic animals on airborne endotoxin. Methods By using a silent particle collector, air was sampled over 24 hours in homes with or without animals. The total volume sampled was approximately 1000 m3, which provides quantities of allergen and endotoxin that can easily be measured with standard assays. Results The quantity of endotoxin ranged from less than 0.5 to more than 500 pg/m3, whereas cat and dog allergen ranged from less than 0.002 to more than 5 ng/m3. Overall, the quantity of airborne endotoxin was not higher in homes with at least one animal. However, airborne endotoxin levels were significantly lower in homes with a cat compared with homes with a dog (P Conclusions The results demonstrate that endotoxin is present in the air of almost all homes. Although higher levels were seen in homes with a dog, similar levels might be present in homes with no animals. The results argue that the effects of cat ownership cannot be explained by increased exposure to endotoxin.
Optimizing the Technology Licensure Process: An Empirical Study

ABSTRACT Developing countries have already set in motion a process of industrialization similar to that of highly industrialized nations. As a result, technology licensing has become an area of increasing significance and importance. Assessing search problems for potential partners by licensees is a very complicated task. A bad selection can cause many problems. In this paper, some experiences of less industrialized countries in cases of technology transfer (TT) are studied and the important factors for proper selection of licensors in the Car Manufacturing Industry are discussed. A decision support system (DSS) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is developed to help the management of a large car manufacturer in a less industrialized country select the best partner among chosen alternatives. Findings can also serve the potential licensors in understanding the expectations of developing countries in this respect.
Fast Spiral Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Trapezoidal Gradients

A modified spiral imaging technique is presented, in which the conventional sinusoidal gradient waveforms are replaced by trapezoidal ones. In addition to allowing a reduced data acquisition time, the new waveforms circumvent specific hardware restrictions on the minimum scan repetition time.
Ouabain-ATPase interaction in brain cells maintained as reaggregates or surface cultures

Abstract The ATPase of 17–23 day old mouse brain cell reaggregates displays heterogeneous interaction with the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, as measured by the following parameters: inhibition of enzyme activity, inhibition of [3H] digitoxin binding, and inhibition of [ 86 Rb] uptake. The heterogeneous interaction can apparently be resolved into two homogeneous components with K i for ouabain of 2×10 −7 M and 10 −4 M. In addition, binding of [3H] ouabain at low drug concentrations displays a K d of 2×10 −7 M. Ouabain interaction with mouse brain cells in surface culture appears homogeneous with K i about 10 - 5–10 −4 M, and any high affinity drug-tissue interaction has about 1% the number of binding sites found in the reaggregates. The kinetic parameters of ouabain-ATPase interaction in the reaggregates are comparable to those in brain.
Effect of the cementitious paste density on the performance efficiency of carbon nanofiber in concrete nanocomposite

Abstract The large specific surface area, relatively active surface chemistry and close spacing of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) make them particularly effective in controlling the inception and growth of microcracks in cementitious materials. Given the fine geometry of nanofibers, their interactions with cementitious matrices would benefit from increased packing density and reduced size of pore system in matrix. These favorable features for effective interactions with CNFs are provided by high-strength (HSC) and especially ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). An optimization experimental program was conducted in order to identify the desired combination of nano-/micro-scale reinforcement. The performance efficiencies of the desired nano-/micro-scale (hybrid) reinforcement in HSC and UHPC were evaluated and compared. The desired nano-/micro-scale reinforcement system comprising CNF and PVA fiber generally produced higher relative gains in the engineering properties of UHPC than HSC. Two different (PVA and steel) fibers were evaluated in conjunction with CNF in UHPC. The desired combination of steel fiber with CNF had higher fiber volume fraction than the desired combination of steel fiber with CNF. The desired nano-/micro-scale reinforcement with steel fiber performed better than that with PVA fiber in HSC.
Asbestos in water

Abstract Asbestos is not uncommon in water, usually originating from asbestos‐cement pipes or asbestos‐containing aquifers. Although asbestos concentrations are typically less than one million fibers per liter, concentrations have occasionally exceeded one billion fibers per liter. Some epi‐demiological and laboratory‐animal studies have revealed an association of asbestos ingestion with various types of cancer, while other studies have not. Ingested asbestos, usually short fibers, is capable of penetrating the intestinal wall and being eliminated in urine or accumulating in various tissues and organs. Elevated asbestos concentrations have recently been detected in colon cancers of asbestos workers. Drinking‐water systems should attempt to minimize asbestos concentrations by focusing on actual or potential sources of asbestos. Transmission electron microscopy is the analytical method of choice but revisions are needed in the U.S. method to accommodate recently promulgated drinking‐water standards. Laborat...
Infectious mononucleosis: continuous suspension culture of peripheral blood leucocytes.

THE atypical lymphocyte in patients with infectious mononucleosis, like the leukaemic lymphocyte, is capable of spontaneous in vivo proliferation. This is shown by dividing and binucleate forms in circulation1, increased concentrations of cellular enzymes associated with nucleic acid synthesis2, markedly increased premitotic activity with incorporation of tritiated nucleoside precursors3 and early in vitro division of some of these labelled cells4. Spontaneous lymphoblastoid transformation of fibroblastic elements derived from bone marrow of patients with infectious mononucleosis has been described5 with long term culture of these cells in suspension6. Despite the increased proliferative potential of peripheral atypical lymphocytes in this disease, little is known about the progeny of these cells. No established culture of lymphoid cells derived from peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis has previously been reported.
Kinetics of desorption, adsorption, and surface diffusion of CO2 on MgO(100)

The kinetics of desorption, adsorption, and surface diffusion of CO2 on a single crystal MgO(100) surface were investigated using laser induced thermal desorption (LITD) techniques. Isothermal and linear temperature ramp LITD experiments revealed that the CO2 desorption from MgO(100) followed coverage-dependent first order kinetics. Assuming a preexponential of v = 1 × 1013 s-1, the desorption activation energy varied from Ed = 9.4 to Ed = 7.1 kcal/mol as a function of surface coverage. This coverage dependence suggested repulsive interactions between adsorbed CO2 molecules. Adsorption experiments revealed an initial sticking coefficient that decreased with increasing surface temperature. This behavior was in quantitative agreement with the predictions of a simple precursor-mediated adsorption model. LITD measurements of surface diffusion indicated a surface diffusion coefficient for CO2 on MgO(100) at 100 K that was below the limits of detection of the LITD experiment. These results allowed an upper bound of D ⩽ 1 × 10−9 cm2/s to be assigned for the surface diffusion coefficient of CO2 on MgO(100) at 1
Librarians' responses to reading at risk : A Delphi study

Abstract This study surveys librarians' reactions to the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) report on “Reading at Risk”. Using census data, the NEA concluded that there has been a drastic decline in “literary” reading and it is most sharply pronounced in the youngest group surveyed. To determine whether librarians' perceptions of reading, especially among youth, were consistent with the NEA findings, a Delphi study was conducted. Eleven youth library professionals and educators, identified as experts, responded to survey questions probing whether digital media impact leisure time reading for both adults and adolescents; whether reading is at risk; and whether the decline in literary reading foreshadows erosion in cultural and civic participation. Library experts tended to agree with the effects of digital media on leisure time reading for children. Experts were split on how digital media impact leisure time reading among adult readers. They were closely aligned against the assertion that participation in literary reading foreshadows participation in cultural and civic participation.
Automated dynamic cellular analysis in high throughput drug screens

To understand drug effects on cancer cells better, it is important to analyze cell nuclei dynamics from time-lapse fluorescence microscopy data. Existing methods, however, are rather limited in dealing with such time-lapse datasets while manual analysis is unreasonably time-consuming. We have therefore developed an automated system that can segment and track thousands of nuclei concurrently in time-lapse fluorescence microscopy data. Numerical nuclei features can be extracted based on our segmentation and tracking results. These features can be used for quantitative analysis of nuclei for high throughput drug screens.
A semantics for the integration of database modifications and transaction brackets into a logic programming language

The integration of logic programming and databases has up to now focussed on read access of logic programs to external databases storing permanent data. However, the integration of write operations modifying existing databases would allow to use logic programming languages in a much larger field of applications. Therefore, it is important that the logic programming language not only embeds modification operations on existing databases, but also embeds transactions in order to preserve the correctness of the modified database.
An Automated Approach for Fibrin Network Segmentation and Structure Identification in 3D Confocal Microscopy Images

Fibrin networks, formed during blood clotting, have a large and complicated structure and play a crucial role in regulating blood clot growth. Identifying and analyzing the 3D topological structure of fibrin networks using fluorescence confocal microscopy images is challenging due to their complex anatomy, and known automated methods do not seem to work well. In this paper, we present a two-stage approach for identifying the topological structure of fibrin networks in 3D confocal microscopy images. The first stage segments fibrin networks using a new Indicator-Guided Adaptive Thresholding (IGAT) algorithm. The second stage extracts, prunes, and analyzes the skeleton of fibrin networks in order to identify their topological structure. A new approach based on orientation analysis is applied to refine the extracted topological structure. Evaluation on 3D confocal microscopy images demonstrates that our approach is not sensitive to parameter selection and outperforms the known method, reducing the false positive rate for detecting branch points by 24% and reducing the false negative rate for detecting fiber segments by 15%.
Totally preperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy using balloon distention.

Background: After having performed over 200 transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic hernia repairs with no recurrences and no neuropathies, we recently changed to a totally preperitoneal repair due to the development of a balloon trocar that easily ‘creates’ the preperitoneal space. Methods: The totally preperitoneal operation is similar to our TAPP procedure in that it involves detailed delineation of Cooper's ligament, spermatic cord and transversus abdominis arch with fixation of mesh to Cooper's ligament and arch for an anatomic tension-free hernia repair. Results: Our early experience consists of 60 hernia repairs in 50 patients (46 male, 4 female). There were 32 direct, 26 indirect and two femoral hernias. Eight hernias were recurrent. The operation takes approximately 1 h. There has been no morbidity. As with the TAPP procedure, minimal postoperative discomfort and return to regular activity within 2 to 3 days is the norm. Conclusions: We believe that the avoidance of the peritoneal incisi...
Signal enhancement in solution-cathode glow discharge — optical emission spectrometry via low molecular weight organic compounds

Abstract HCOOH, CH 3 COOH, and CH 3 CH 2 OH were used as chemical modifiers in a solution-cathode glow discharge. Emission was measured directly from the discharge, without a gas–liquid separator or a secondary excitation source. Emission from Ag, Se, Pb, and Hg was strongly enhanced, and the detection limits (DL) for these elements were improved by up to an order of magnitude using a combination of HCOOH and HNO 3 compared to using HNO 3 alone. The DL was measured for Mg (1 μg/L), Fe (10 μg/L), Ni (6 μg/L), Cu (6 μg/L), Pb (1 μg/L), Ag (0.1 μg/L), Se (300 μg/L), and Hg (2 μg/L). Coefficients of determination (R 2 ) were between 0.9986 and 0.9999. A voltage of 1 kV was used, which produced a current of approximately 70 mA.
Human Genomic Sequences That Inhibit Splicing

Mammalian genes are characterized by relatively small exons surrounded by variable lengths of intronic sequence. Sequences similar to the splice signals that define the 5' and 3' boundaries of these exons are also present in abundance throughout the surrounding introns. What causes the real sites to be distinguished from the multitude of pseudosites in pre-mRNA is unclear. Much progress has been made in defining additional sequence elements that enhance the use of particular sites. Less work has been done on sequences that repress the use of particular splice sites. To find additional examples of sequences that inhibit splicing, we searched human genomic DNA libraries for sequences that would inhibit the inclusion of a constitutively spliced exon. Genetic selection experiments suggested that such sequences were common, and we subsequently tested randomly chosen restriction fragments of about 100 bp. When inserted into the central exon of a three-exon minigene, about one in three inhibited inclusion, revealing a high frequency of inhibitory elements in human DNA. In contrast, only 1 in 27 Escherichia coli DNA fragments was inhibitory. Several previously identified silencing elements derived from alternatively spliced exons functioned weakly in this constitutively spliced exon. In contrast, a high-affinity site for U2AF65 strongly inhibited exon inclusion. Together, our results suggest that splicing occurs in a background of repression and, since many of our inhibitors contain splice like signals, we suggest that repression of some pseudosites may occur through an inhibitory arrangement of these sites.
Mechanical Properties of ISABELLE Superconducting Coils

As a part of the manufacturing processes, several mechanical measurements are made on ISABELLE dipoles. These are done both to control the process and to provide information for the evaluation of the behavior of the completed magnets. This paper discusses the Young's Modulus (E = 1-3 × 106 psi), the thermal contraction of the coil assembly (?L/L = -290±17 × 10-5 at 77°K), and the loss of applied prestress with time (~ 20% for times 20 days).
Lethal Outcomes In Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is an uncommon congenital angiodysplasia that manifests in infancy and is characterized by venous and lymphatic malformations of the skin, soft tissue, and bone causing limb hypertrophy. We report 2 patients with long-term KTS who developed lethal complications from uncommon and unusual manifestations. The 1st patient was a female with KTS who at 2 years of age underwent a below-the-knee amputation for a massively hypertrophied and malformed left foot. Two years later she required additional surgical removal of vascular malformations involving her left calf with extension to the groin, pubis, and ipsilateral abdomen. Fifteen years later she underwent splenectomy (400 g) revealing multifocal, cystically dilated vascular channels distorting the splenic architecture and died suddenly of massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage on the 2nd postoperative day. The 2nd patient was a 72-year-old male with long-standing KTS who presented with debilitating chronic penile and scrotal edema. Surgical excision of his lymphedematous scrotal and penile skin revealed a low-grade angiosarcoma arising in the setting of chronic lymphedema. The patient died shortly after surgery from massive hemorrhage due to traumatic rupture of malformed leg vessels. KTS may lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and pathologic consequences from long-term KTS have been rarely reported. These cases illustrate the risk of lethal hemorrhage, organomegaly from protracted vascular malformation, and development of vascular neoplasia associated with chronic lymphedema in KTS.
Is factor V Leiden mutation a cause of in vitro fertilization failure

This prospective cohort study tested whether the most common hereditary thrombophilia, factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, is associated with nonpregnancy after IVF. Factor V Leiden mutation prevalence was very low (1.6%) and had a preliminarily positive association with pregnancy, suggesting that routine testing in a general IVF population for FVL mutation as a cause of IVF failure and infertility is not indicated.
RINGS: A Technique for Visualizing Large Hierarchies

We present RINGS, a technique for visualizing large trees. We introduce a new ringed circular layout of nodes to make more efficient use of limited display space. RINGS provides the user with the means to specify areas of primary andsecond ary focus, andis able to show multiple foci without compromising understanding of the graph. The strength of RINGS is its ability to show more area in focus andmore contextual information than existing techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of RINGS by applying it to the visualization of a Unix file directory.
CHANGE AND CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT IN AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT

Peggy Vines Honeywell Systems and Research Center 3660 Technology Drive Minneapolis, MN 55418 Gaia is an object-oriented framework that has been implemented in Ada and has been used to integrate new and existing tools into an Ada environment. Gaia provides object management services and user interface capabilities as a basis for its integration. This paper discusses a model for change and configuration management that has been built into Gaia's object manager. Two essential elements necessary for change control. These elements are: the use of relationships among objects in determining impacts as a result of change, and the use of explicit objects to manage change. Those elements necessary for configuration management are a versioning mechanism and an object for storing information concerning each element in a configuration.
Impact of the 80-hour work week on resident emergency operative experience.

Abstract Background The goal of this study was to analyze the impact of the 80-hour work week on the emergency operative experience of surgical residents. Methods A 2-year retrospective comparison of the operative experience in emergency abdominal procedures of postgraduate year 4 and 5 residents in a city hospital before (group 1) and after (group 2) duty hour restriction. Results There was no difference between groups in the mean number of procedures performed as the primary surgeon, but group 2 showed a 40% decrease in technically advanced procedures with a 44% increase in basic procedures. The study also demonstrated a 54% decrease in the operative volume as first assistant. Operative continuity of care by residents decreased from 60% to 26% of cases. Conclusions The ACGME regulatory environment is adversely affecting the emergency operative experience of surgical residents. Our findings underscore the need to develop alternative methods to augment the residents’ operative experience.
Breaking the barriers: strategies for a comprehensive u.s. Tobacco control program.

Given the health and social consequences of tobacco, a policy analysis strategy consisting of three approaches; legal, market, and health education is presented. A unifying feature of the strategy recommendations is that each addresses both prevention of the initiation of tobacco habits and encouragement of cessation. Overall, the strategies focus exclusively on policy alternative initiatives oriented toward reducing the toll of smoking within the United States. The manuscript addresses the conflict that public policy must resolve between the long-term negative health effects and the short-term positive economic interests of tobacco. The critical idea is that policy makers must think beyond local efforts and recognize that they can be a part of a larger network movement working in different ways, yet cooperating for better effectiveness and support to decrease and ultimately stop the use of tobacco products.
Developmentally Appropriate Practices and Early Childhood Special Education A Reaction to Johnson and McChesney Johnson

In 1991, we published a paper in TECSE arguing that the guidelines set forth by the National Association for the Education of Young Children on Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) were necessary, but not sufficient, for evaluating programs serving young children with special needs. This paper met with some criticism, most recently in a paper by Johnson and McChesney Johnson (1992). That paper provided a theoretical defense of DAP for young children with disabilities and discussed objections to some early childhood special education (ECSE) practices from a developmental perspective. In the present article, we attempt to redirect the debate about the appropriateness of DAP for young children with disabilities from an exchange about the differences between the DAP guidelines and ECSE practices to a discussion of the many areas of overlap between these two rich sources of information about educational practices for young children.
Liveweight and Milk-Energy Yield at Various Feeding Intensities

Summary The relation of liveweight in pounds within 5 weeks after calving, W 1 , to milk-energy yield for the 35-week partial lactation in pounds of 4 per cent milk per day, FCM 8 , is investigated by adjusting the equation, FCM 8 / W 1 = a + bW 1 , to observations from the Input-Output experiment of the Bureau of Dairy Industry. For all lactations (255), b is not significantly different from zero. The postulate that FCM 8 tends to be proportional to W 1 is valid so far as indicated by this body of observations on five breeds of dairy cows taken as a whole. Essentially the same relation holds for each feeding-intensity class (83 to 183 per cent of Haecker). However, as between feeding-intensity classes, there is a consistent tendency for b to decrease as feeding intensity increases. The consistency of this tendency may give it some meaning.
Correlation Of Emergency Department Radiographs: Results Of A Quality Assurance Review In An Urban Community Hospital Setting

BACKGROUND The study objective was to compare the accuracy of radiograph interpretation by emergency and family physicians with radiologists' overreadings. METHODS We undertook a historical chart review of patients seen consecutively during a 1-year period at an inner-city emergency department of a medium-volume community hospital. The participants were a racially mixed group of 22,141 patients for whom 12,083 radiographs had been ordered. We compared interpretations by emergency and family physicians with those of radiologists who performed overreadings within 24 hours. This intervention was performed retrospectively. Measurements consisted of descriptive statistics, such as percentages and chi-square analysis. RESULTS The main result was an overall discrepancy rate (ODR) of 1.1 percent. This figure is significantly different (P < 0.0001) from the lowest reported overall discrepancy rate to date (2.8 percent). CONCLUSIONS Consistently low overall discrepancy rates have specific implications for the medical practice and reimbursement of primary care physicians for radiograph interpretation.
Dynamic Wetting of Water-Based Inks in Flexographic and Gravure Printing

The theory of wetting is reviewed with respect to ink transfer which is based upon measured dynamic surface tension and calculated dynamic spreading coefficient. Laboratory gravure ink transfer results are presented for model water based inks with and without isopropanol as the cosolvent on untreated and corona treated polyethylene film. A mechanism of surface tension driven convection is proposed which is consistent with experimental results. The conclusion, which is based upon the proposed mechanism, is that uniform coverage of a water based ink on a nonpermeable substrate is facilitated by the presence of a high vapor pressure low surface tension cosolvent such as isopropanol. When no cosolvent is present, de-wetting and degree of ink mottling appears to be controlled by dynamics longer than one second.
Diagnosis of Coronary Disease and Icing on the Cake.

The times, they are a-changin’. —Bob Dylan [(1)][1] Almost 20 years ago, fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment performed at the time of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was introduced as a method for identifying and excluding stenoses that reduced epicardial coronary artery flow [(2)][2
Fitzhugh-Nagumo Neuron Model

The previous chapter showed rich dynamics for the case of chemical reactions in an open system. In that chapter, we stress the sensitivity of system responses to initial conditions and the role of nonlinearities in determining system behavior. The model of this chapter captures nonlinearities in the changes of the physical state of a cell in response to electrical impulses from its surroundings.
A remark on the convergence of series occuring in the construction of θ-functions on a toroidal group

To find whether on a toroidal group ¢n/Γ any meromorphic function can be written as the quotient of two θ-functions associated with the lattice Γ one has to study the existence of ℤn-periodic entire solutions of a system of difference equations. The formal series solutions are shown to converge "generically". This gives a partial answer to a question of A. Andreotti as to find "good conditions" for the convergence of the series that occur in the construction of the θ-functions associated with Γ.
Personal Needs of Graduate Students in Psychology

This research was designed to assess whether graduate smdents in clinical psychology can be differentiated from those in experimental psychology in terms of their personal needs. Two groups were selected from the Department of Psychology, Universiry of Arkansas (10 males and 5 females, majoring in clinical psychology, and 15 male smdents majoring in experimental psychology). The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS; Edwards, 1959) was individually administered to each one. The mean scores for both groups on each of the 15 scales and the Mann-Whitney Us, employed to assess the significance of differences between groups, are presented in Table 1. Mann-Whitnev Us were also used to assess the possible sex differences on those scales for which significant differences were noted berween the experimental and clinical groups. Female clinicians manifested significantly less (p .05) in achievement needs. No significant differences (p > .05) obtained between male and female clinicians on the other four scales (Aut, U = 41; Int, U = 34; Nur, U = 32; Agg, U = 27).
Stemming the Escalating Cost of Prescription Drugs: A Position Paper of the American College of Physicians

The United States pays more for some prescription drugs than other developed countries, and the price and increasing costs associated with prescription medication is a major concern for patients, p...
Relationship between properties and ultrasonic damaged characteristics of ceramic fiber reinforced geopolymeric concrete after heating at elevated temperatures

Slag and fly ash were used to produce ceramic fiber reinforced geopolymeric concrete( CFRGC). The CFRGC materials with different volumetric fractions of ceramic fiber after heating at different temperatures,the change of compressive strength,longitudinal wave velocity and frequency spectrum characteristics of CFRGC,as well as the evolution of temperature crack,were studied by compressive strength testing,ultrasonic testing,crack width observation and wavelet transform analysis. The results indicate that the strength,wave velocity and wave impedance of CFRGC decrease and temperature crack width increases after high-temperature exposure. The distribution of power spectral density and signal energy in each wave band has evident changes with the rising thermal damage after wavelet decomposition. Signal energy in one wave band is more sensitive to the damage than longitudinal wave velocity. The addition of ceramic fiber significantly improves the high-temperature properties of CFRGC when the volumetric fraction of ceramic fiber is 0. 3%.
Study about agricultural mode of product base on comparative advantage

Under the assumption continuous-time model, we research the optimal control problem when farm-produce's output follow the geometric Brownian motion. First of all, with the aids of Markov processes theory, we obtain the transition probability density. After this, dynamic distributed models about agricultural produce system were presented using distributed parameter system when farm produces change according to stochastic diffusion processes. In the end , to improve the proceeds of producer maximization, the optimal control tactics was also put forward base on equitable condition. In the meantime, establish forecasting models about farm produce supply. The results can provide scientific evidence for the government to make agricultural produce policy.
Subjective Investigation and Analysis of Habitability about One Type of Warship

Objective To investigate the habitability of one type of warship and offer guidance for warship design.Methods Subjective investigation questionnaire covering the habitability of work and life areas was designed, and 200 seamen in one type of warship were chosen as the object. Results The seamen gave high evaluation to the temperature,humidity, draught, illuminance, color, accommodation of water and food. But they thought the odor of work and life areas, area of living quarter, dishware cleanout, space and frequency of shower, clothes cleanout and resource of entertainment were dissatisfactory. Conclusion The habitability of the warship could basically meet the seamen's demand and there were some aspects remaining to be improved.
A General Theory for Flow Passability

In this chapter, from Luo (2008a, 2008b, 2009, 2012a, 2012b), a general theory for the passability of a flow to a specific boundary in discontinuous dynamical systems will be reviewed. The concepts of real and imaginary flows will be introduced. The G-functions for discontinuous dynamical systems will be developed to describe the general theory of the passability of a flow to the boundary. Based on the G-function, the passability of a flow from a domain to an adjacent one will be discussed. With the concepts of real and imaginary flows, the full and half sink and source flows to the boundary will be discussed in detail. A flow to the boundary in a discontinuous dynamical system can be passable or non-passable. Thus, all the switching bifurcations between the passable and non-passable flows will be presented.
Incision of damaged DNA in the presence of an impaired Smc5/6 complex imperils genome stability

The Smc5/6 complex is implicated in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair during DNA damage or replication stress. Here, we analysed genome-wide replication dynamics in a hypomorphic budding yeast mutant, smc6-P4 The overall replication dynamics in the smc6 mutant is similar to that in the wild-type cells. However, we captured a difference in the replication profile of an early S phase sample in the mutant, prompting the hypothesis that the mutant incorporates ribonucleotides and/or accumulates single-stranded DNA gaps during replication. We tested if inhibiting the ribonucleotide excision repair pathway would exacerbate the smc6 mutant in response to DNA replication stress. Contrary to our expectation, impairment of ribonucleotide excision repair, as well as virtually all other DNA repair pathways, alleviated smc6 mutant's hypersensitivity to induced replication stress. We propose that nucleotide incision in the absence of a functional Smc5/6 complex has more disastrous outcomes than the damage per se Our study provides novel perspectives for the role of the Smc5/6 complex during DNA replication.
Does Bradytely Exist

To paleontologists, at least, the existence of living fossils has long seemed to represent the same puzzle as the occurrence of bradytely. Bradytely was one of three distinct tempos of evolution recognized by Simpson (1944, 1953) in his pioneering analysis of rates of evolution. Simpson coined the term horotely for a spectrum of rates that represented normal evolution for a particular taxon, a spectrum forming a unimodal histogram; tachytely was meant to be essentially synonymous with quantum evolution, which was exceptionally rapid change leading to a new adaptive zone; and bradytely was very sluggish evolution, which was alleged to produce a discrete mode beyond the “slow” end of a horotelic distribution of rates. Among the taxa alleged to be represented in this mode were ones traditionally recognized as living fossils.
Variety mixtures of wheat influence aphid populations and attract an aphid predator

In crop fields, increasing plant species diversity can help manage insect pests, but using plant intraspecific diversity has received less attention as an insect pest management strategy. To explore the potential of crop genotypic diversity for managing insect pests, we used a wheat-aphid-lady beetle model system. We performed greenhouse and laboratory experiments comparing six monocultures and four-variety mixtures. We found that genotypic diversity did not strongly influence aphid populations at the stand level, but did stabilize populations. At the individual plant level, populations on certain varieties differed in mixtures from what would be expected based on populations on the variety in monocultures, including one that consistently hosted lower aphid populations when it was grown in mixtures. When we then tested five of the most promising mixtures, we found none decreased aphid populations compared to monocultures. Diversity of the surrounding neighborhood significantly influenced aphid populations on individual plants of certain varieties. Wheat mixtures did not overyield relative to monocultures, as other studies have found, but all measures of productivity were stabilized by mixtures. In behavioral experiments, aphids did not prefer mixtures or monocultures, but lady beetles were significantly attracted to mixtures. In the field, bottom-up effects on aphids and effects on natural enemies could create pest-management benefits. Based on the work we present here, increasing diversity per se may not improve aphid management aside from stabilizing populations; rather, specific types of mixtures that include influential varieties appear to be crucial for fostering beneficial interactions that can benefit insect pest management.
Bacterial secretion: A new front for intermicrobial wars.

Type VII protein secretion systems are most widely associated with virulence in bacterial pathogens. A new study reveals a type VII system-secreted nuclease toxin that specifically affects clonally unrelated strains, thus placing type VII secretion directly into the fray of microbial competition.
Beneficence In Utero: A Framework for Restricted Prenatal Whole-Genome Sequencing to Respect and Enhance the Well-Being of Children.

Our colleagues at the National Institutes of Health advance a serious argument for loosening the conceptual reins on noninvasive prenatal genetic testing (Chen and Wasserman 2017). Yet they are foc...
Search, Matching, and the Role of Digital Marketplace Design in Enabling Trade: Evidence from Airbnb

Digital peer-to-peer marketplaces have increased the volume of trade in underutilized assets. I use the setting of Airbnb to investigate transaction costs in these markets and the role of search engine design in reducing these costs. I show that this market is characterized by many options, heterogeneity in preferences, and uncertain availability. Consequently, search is limited, time-consuming, and sometimes results in failed transaction attempts due to rejections of searchers by hosts. I estimate a model of search and matching and use it to show that the search engine plays a critical role in facilitating transactions. Without availability tracking and filtering, searches with accepted inquiries would fall by 68% and rejections would increase by 140%. Lastly, I show how searcher outcomes can be improved from the status quo (as of 2014) by algorithms that redirect searchers towards listings that are more likely to accept those searchers.
High-intensity drinking and nonmedical use of prescription drugs: Results from a national survey of 12th grade students.

Abstract Background Nearly 10% of U.S. 12th graders report high-intensity drinking (10+ or 15+ drinks in a row), but the extent to which these drinkers also engage in nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is largely unknown. This study examined the associations between different thresholds of past two-week high-intensity drinking and past-month NMUPD among U.S. 12th graders. Methods The sample consisted of eleven nationally representative cross-sections of 12th graders in the Monitoring the Future study (2005–2015) who answered questions on past two-week drinking behaviors and past-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids, sedative, stimulants, and tranquilizers (N = 26,502 respondents). Results High-intensity drinking during the past two-weeks was associated with an increased risk of past-month NMUPD. The odds of NMUPD were four times larger among 12th graders who indicated drinking 15 or more drinks on at least one occasion (AOR = 4.43, 95% CI = 3.18, 5.01) relative to those who had 0–4 drinks during the past two-weeks, after adjusting for relevant covariates. These associations were similar across different classes of prescription drugs and tended to be stronger among non-white respondents. A sub-analysis revealed simultaneous co-ingestion of alcohol and NMUPD was more prevalent among high-intensity drinkers. Conclusions More than 1 in every 4 U.S 12th graders who engage in high-intensity drinking (15+ drinks in a row) also report NMUPD. Given the greater likelihood of simultaneous co-ingestion of alcohol and prescription drugs among high-intensity drinkers, adolescent substance use interventions need to address the risks associated with mixing alcohol and prescription drugs.
Overgenerality in Explanation-Based Generalization

This paper demonstrates how explanation-based generalization (EBG) can create overgeneral rules if relevant knowledge is hidden from the EBG process, and proposes two solutions to this problem. EBG finds the weakest preconditions of a proof to from a generalization covering all cases for which the proof succeeds. However, when knowledge relevant to the success of EBG is hidden from the EBG process, the results of the process can be overgeneral. Two examples of suchknowledge are discussed: search control, and theories of operationality. The key idea is that when such relevant knowledge is hidden from the EBG process, the results of EBG are no longer unconditionally true. Additional conditions — the conditions on when the extra information would still in general hold — must be added to the results of EBG to guarantee their correctness. Two methods for generating these additional conditions are presented: explicitly generalizing meta-level reasoning and including the results in the base-level generalization; and rewriting the domain theory to include the additional knowledge so that standard EBG forms correct results.
Model reduction of dynamical systems by proper orthogonal decomposition: Error bounds and comparison of methods using snapshots from the solution and the time derivatives

Abstract We consider two proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) methods for dimension reduction of dynamical systems. The first method (M1) uses only time snapshots of the solution, while the second method (M2) augments the snapshot set with time-derivative snapshots. The goal of the paper is to analyze and compare the approximation errors resulting from the two methods by using error bounds. We derive several new bounds of the error from POD model reduction by each of the two methods. The new error bounds involve a multiplicative factor depending on the time steps between the snapshots. For method M1 the factor depends on the second power of the time step, while for method 2 the dependence is on the fourth power of the time step, suggesting that method M2 can be more accurate for small between-snapshot intervals. However, three other factors also affect the size of the error bounds. These include (i) the norm of the second (for M1) and fourth derivatives (M2); (ii) the first neglected singular value and (iii) the spectral properties of the projection of the system’s Jacobian in the reduced space. Because of the interplay of these factors neither method is more accurate than the other in all cases. Finally, we present numerical examples demonstrating that when the number of collected snapshots is small and the first neglected singular value has a value of zero, method M2 results in a better approximation.
Determining the optimal quantity and quality levels of used product returns for remanufacturing under multi-period and uncertain quality of returns

Managing product returns has been considered essential in the production planning and control of remanufacturing, as well as in the inventory control management of product returns. Uncertainties in the quantity and quality of returned products collected for remanufacturing could largely affect the profit generated from remanufactured products. However, determining the optimal quantity and quality levels of used products to be collected for remanufacturing in multiple periods under uncertain quality of the returns has not been properly addressed in previous studies. On the other hand, the effects of new product sales and demand for remanufactured products on used product returns, as well as the effect of quality of returns on the take-back and remanufacturing costs, have not been properly considered in previous studies. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to determine the optimal product returns for remanufacturing with consideration of the uncertainty in the quantity and quality of returns and study the effects of new product sales and demand for remanufactured products on used product returns, as well as the effect of quality of returns on the remanufacturing cost. A case study of determining the optimal returns of tablet PCs is conducted to illustrate the proposed methodology.
Expression of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein in granulosa cells in In Vitro fertilization patients with advanced endometriosis

Background: This study evaluated the expression of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) in granulosa cells (GCs) obtained from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients with advanced endometriosis. Methods: A total of 267 patients with advanced endometriosis were enrolled in this study. They were divided into clinical pregnancy group (n = 114) and nonpregnancy group (n = 153). The expressions of cFLIP in mRNA and protein level were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The related factors on the clinical pregnancy were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Coefficients of correlation were calculated using the nonparametric rho-Spearman test. Results: The number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, and cleavage rate were significantly and independently related with clinical pregnancy (P 0.05). Conclusion: Higher expression of cFLIP increased the pregnancy rate in women with advanced endometriosis.