cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Number of Comets Around White Dwarf Stars: Orbit Survival During the Late Stages of Stellar Evolution

The accretion of comets onto DA white dwarfs can produce observable metal absorption lines. We show here that comet systems around the progenitor main-sequence star are vulnerable to being lost during asymptotic giant branch mass loss, if the mass loss is sufficiently asymmetric to impart modest linear momentum to the white dwarf. This may have bearing on the frequency of observation of heavy elements in white dwarf stars and on inferences regarding the frequency of comet systems, if the imparted linear velocities of white dwarfs can be estimated.
Flexible task-specific control using active vision

This paper is about the interface between continuous and discrete robot control. We advocate encapsulating continuous actions and their related sensing strategies into behaviors called situation specific activities, which can be constructed by a symbolic reactive planner. Task- specific, real-time perception is a fundamental part of these activities. While researchers have successfully used primitive touch and sonar sensors in such situations, it is more problematic to achieve reasonable performance with complex signals such as those from a video camera. Active vision routines are suggested as a means of incorporating visual data into real time control and as one mechanism for designating aspects of the world in an indexical-functional manner. Active vision routines are a particularly flexible sensing methodology because different routines extract different functional attributes from the world using the same sensor. In fact, there will often be different active vision routines for extracting the same functional attribute using different processing techniques. This allows an agent substantial leeway to instantiate its activities in different ways under different circumstances using different active vision routines. We demonstrate the utility of this architecture with an object tracking example. A control system is presented that can be reconfigured by a reactive planner to achieve different tasks. We show how this system allows us to build interchangeable tracking activities that use either color histogram or motion based active vision routines.
DETECTING LORENTZ INVARIANCE VIOLATIONS IN THE 10-20 RANGE

In recent years the possibility has been raised of Lorentz invariance violations arising from physics beyond the Standard Model. Some of these effects manifest themselves as small anisotropies in the velocity of light, c. By comparing the resonant frequencies of cavity modes with different spatial alignments, limits on the order δ c/c < 10-15 have been set and some further improvement can be expected. However, the largest Lorentz violations originating at the Planck scale are expected to manifest themselves as a fractional frequency variation at the 10-17 level in the absence of suppression factors. Space experiments have been proposed to approach the 10-18 level. Here we explore the possibilities for pushing further and show that it is possible in principle to reach well into the 10-20 range with existing technology. This could be done in a very quiet cryogenic environment, such as the drag-free orbiter being developed for the Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle (STEP).
How stands collapse I

In this volume in honour of GianCarlo Ghirardi, I discuss my involvement with ideas of dynamical collapse of the state vector. Ten problems are introduced, nine of which were seen following my initial work. Four of these problems had a resolution in GianCarlo Ghirardi, Alberto Rimini and Tullio Weber's spontaneous localization (SL) model (which added one more problem). This stimulated a (somewhat different) resolution of these five problems in the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, in which I combined my initial work with SL. In an upcoming volume in honour of Abner Shimony, I shall discuss the status of the remaining five post-CSL problems.
Does Regulation FD work? Evidence from analysts' reliance on public disclosure

Abstract We examine how Regulation FD changed analysts' reliance on firms' public disclosure. Regulation FD is associated with a stronger analyst response to earnings announcements, management forecasts and conference calls—that is, analysts respond to these events more quickly, more frequently and with larger forecast revisions after FD. Further, following public disclosure, the decline in analyst forecast dispersion and forecast error accelerates after FD. We find no such changes either for foreign ADR firms or around several confounding events. Overall, Regulation FD levels the playing field between the analysts and individual investors, thereby promoting “fair game” property of the market.
Differential Rotation in Neutron Stars: Magnetic Braking and Viscous Damping

Differentially rotating stars can support significantly more mass in equilibrium than nonrotating or uniformly rotating stars, according to general relativity. The remnant of a binary neutron star merger may give rise to such a "hypermassive" object. While such a star may be dynamically stable against gravitational collapse and bar formation, the radial stabilization due to differential rotation is likely to be temporary. Magnetic braking and viscosity combine to drive the star to uniform rotation, even if the seed magnetic field and the viscosity are small. This process inevitably leads to delayed collapse, which will be accompanied by a delayed gravitational wave burst and, possibly, a gamma-ray burst. We provide a simple, Newtonian MHD calculation of the braking of differential rotation by magnetic fields and viscosity. The star is idealized as a differentially rotating, infinite cylinder consisting of a homogeneous, incompressible conducting gas. We solve analytically the simplest case in which the gas has no viscosity and the star resides in an exterior vacuum. We treat numerically cases in which the gas has internal viscosity and the star is embedded in an exterior, low-density, conducting medium. Our evolution calculations are presented to stimulate more realistic MHD simulations in full 3 + 1 general relativity. They serve to identify some of the key physical and numerical parameters, scaling behavior, and competing timescales that characterize this important process.
On designs and formally self-dual codes

Binary formally self-dual (f.s.d.) even codes are the one type of divisible [2n, n] codes which need not be self-dual. We examine such codes in this paper. On occasion a f.s.d. even [2n, n] code can have a larger minimum distance than a [2n, n] self-dual code. We give many examples of interesting f.s.d even codes. We also obtain a strengthening of the Assmus-Mattson theore. IfC is a f.s.d. extremal code of lengthn≡2 (mol 8) [n ≡6 (mod 8)], then the words of a fixed weight inC ∪C ⊥ hold a 3-design [1-design]. Finally, we show that the extremal f.s.d. codes of lengths 10 and 18 are unique.
A tunable X-ray microprobe using synchrotron radiation

Abstract We describe an X-ray microprobe using multilayer mirrors. Previously, we have demonstrated a Kirkpatrick-Baez type focusing system working at both 8 and 10 keV and successfully applied it to a variety of applications, including the determination of elemental contents in fluid inclusions. In this paper, we show that the usable excitation energy for this microprobe is not restricted to between 8 and 10 keV, and furthermore that it can be simply tuned in operation. A 10 keV X-ray fluorescence microprobe can be used to measure the concentration of the elements from K (Z = 19) to Zn (Z = 30) using K X-ray lines, and from Cd (Z = 48) to Er (Z = 68) using L X-ray lines. There are a number of geologically important elements in the gap between Ga (Z = 31) and Ag (Z = 47) and with Z > 68. In order to cover this range, a higher excitation energy is required. On the other hand, for samples that contain major elements with absorption edges lower than the excitation energy, it would be hard to detect other minor elements because of the strong signal from the major elements and the background they produce. In this case, a tunable X-ray source can be used to avoid the excitation of the major elements. We demonstrate that, with the existing setup, it is possible to tune the excitation energy from 6 to 14 keV. In this range, the intensity does not decrease by more than one order of magnitude. As an illustrative example, a geological sample was examined using two different excitation energies to show the advantage of a tunable source. Finally, we discuss the possibility of further extension of the excitation energy range as well as the possibility of improving the intensity.
Nitrogen-Fertilizer Equivalence of Poultry Litter for Winter Wheat Production

The N availability of manure applied to summer-grown crops has been frequently researched, but information regarding the N-fertilizer equivalence of manure for winter-grown crops is lacking. Our objectives were to determine the inorganic N-fertilizer value of poultry litter (PL) compared with applying urea-N fertilizer to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in late winter and examine the inorganic-N content in PL-amended soils at 5, 15, and 25°C. Six field experiments compared PL applied preplant or at planting at 84 and 168 kg N ha⁻¹ to wheat fertilized with urea–ammonium sulfate blend (UASB) rates of 0 to 191 kg N ha⁻¹. The apparent N uptake efficiency of PL-N ranged from 0 to 63 and 8 to 56% for wheat receiving 84 and 168 kg PL-N ha⁻¹, respectively. The time of PL application had no effect on wheat N uptake and yield at four of five sites. The mean potentially available N (PAN) values for N uptake at Feekes stage 10.5 and grain yield were 0.31 and 0.39 kg UASB-N kg⁻¹ PL-N, respectively. Soil amended with PL incubated at 15 and 25°C showed that 19 to 31% of the added PL-N was mineralized and recovered as NO₃–N in 28 to 44 d. When the incubation temperature was reduced to 5°C, 17 to 19% of the PL-N was recovered as NO₃–N or NH₄–N with <3% recovered as NO₃–N. The results suggest winter wheat growers that apply PL in the fall can subtract 30 to 40% of the PL-N from the late-winter N fertilizer rate.
Broadband tuning of optomechanical cavities.

We demonstrate broadband tuning of an optomechanical microcavity optical resonance by exploring the large optomechanical coupling of a double-wheel microcavity and its uniquely low mechanical stiffness. Using a pump laser with only 13 mW at telecom wavelengths we show tuning of the silicon nitride microcavity resonances over 32 nm. This corresponds to a tuning power efficiency of only 400 μW/nm. By choosing a relatively low optical Q resonance (≈18,000) we prevent the cavity from reaching the regime of regenerative optomechanical oscillations. The static mechanical displacement induced by optical gradient forces is estimated to be as large as 60 nm.
Long-term evolution of solar sector structure

The large-scale structure of the solar magnetic field during the past five sunspot cycles (representing by implication a much longer interval of time) has been investigated using the polarity (toward or away from the Sun) of the interplanetary magnetic field as inferred from polar geomagnetic observations. The polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field has previously been shown to be closely related to the polarity (into or out of the Sun) of the large-scale solar magnetic field. It appears that a solar structure with four sectors per rotation persisted through the past five sunspot cycles with a synodic rotation period near 27.0 days, and a small relative westward drift during the first half of each sunspot cycle and a relative eastward drift during the second half of each cycle. Superposed on this four-sector structure there is another structure with inward field polarity, a width in solar longitude of about 100° and a synodic rotation period of about 28 to 29 days. This 28.5 day structure is usually most prominent during a few years near sunspot maximum. Some preliminary comparisons of these observed solar structures with theoretical considerations are given.
Intermolecular Ritter-Type C–H Amination of Unactivated sp3 Carbons

Intermolecular Ritter-type C–H amination of unactivated sp3 carbons has been developed. This new reaction proceeds under mild conditions using readily available reagents and an inexpensive source of nitrogen (acetonitrile). A broad scope of substrates can be aminated with this method since many functional groups are tolerated. This reaction also allows for the direct, innate C–H amination of a variety of hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane without the need of prefunctionalization or installation of a directing group.
Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions of 1,2,3-triazines: pronounced substituent effects on reactivity and cycloaddition scope.

A systematic study of the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions of 1,2,3-triazines is disclosed, including an examination of the impact of a C5 substituent. Such substituents were found to exhibit a remarkable impact on the cycloaddition reactivity of the 1,2,3-triazine without altering, and perhaps even enhancing, the intrinsic cycloaddition regioselectivity. The study revealed not only that the reactivity may be predictably modulated by a C5 substituent (R = CO2Me > Ph > H) but also that the impact is of a magnitude to convert 1,2,3-triazine (1) and its modest cycloaddition scope into a heterocyclic azadiene system with a reaction scope that portends extensive synthetic utility, expanding the range of participating dienophiles. Significantly, the studies define a now powerful additional heterocyclic azadiene, complementary to the isomeric 1,2,4-triazines and 1,3,5-triazines, capable of dependable participation in inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions, extending the number of complementar...
Space Imaging Radar in Planetary Exploration and Earth Observation

Spaceborne imaging radars are becoming key tools for mapping Earth and planetary surfaces and near subsurface. Developments in the past decade are leading to capabilities for three-dimensional surface imaging, detection of surface subtle motion due to earthquakes or volcanic activities, color mapping of surface properties, assessment of vegetation cover, etc. In planetary exploration, the radar capability to penetrate through cloud and haze cover and the possibility of sounding below the surface cover are providing a special perspective on the planetary surface and near surface evolution. An overview of the techniques and technology of spaceborne imaging radars and their present and future potential applications is provided.
Fuzzy logic in medical expert systems

30 Years after its introduction, fuzzy logic remains an area of active research. As can be seen from the examples given here, in most instances there is no single generalization from binary logic to fuzzy logic that is clearly best or correct. Many self-consistent systems have been developed which reduce to 2-valued logic if all parameters are crisp. The choice of a model depends at this point on how well each functions in practice. For medical expert systems, the theoretical framework of fuzzy logic provides a rich environment from which to choose. The adequacy of each approach is born out by the success of the model in practice. >
Size-selective hydrogenation of olefins by Dendrimer-encapsulated palladium nanoparticles

Nearly monodisperse (1.7 ± 0.2 nm) palladium nanoparticles were prepared within the interiors of three different generations of hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. These dendrimer-encapsulated catalysts (DECs) were used to hydrogenate allyl alcohol and four α-substituted derivatives in a 4:1 methanol/water mixture. The results indicate that steric crowding on the dendrimer periphery, which increases with dendrimer generation, can act as an adjustable-mesh nanofilter. That is, by controlling the packing density on the dendrimer periphery, it is possible to control access of substrates to the encapsulated catalytic nanoparticle. In general, higher-generation DECs or larger substrates resulted in lower turnover frequencies (although some interesting exceptions were noted). Although the main products of the olefin hydrogenation reactions were the corresponding alkanes, ketones were also obtained when monosubstituted α-olefins were used as substrates. NMR spectroscopy was used to measure t...
The first vanadium-catalyzed oxidation of aryl allylic selenides with in situ [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement

The efficient synthesis of a series of 2° allylic alcohols from a vanadium-catalyzed oxidation of suitably disposed allylic selenides with tandem [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement is outlined.
Prospective clinical trial of human growth hormone in short children without growth hormone deficiency.

Ten unselected, apparently healthy short children who were capable of normal growth hormone secretion were given human growth hormone (0.1 U/kg im thrice weekly) for 6 months to determine whether such treatment might lead to an increase in growth velocity. During treatment, all patients increased their growth rate (from 4.3±0.3 cm/yr to 7.4±0.5 cm/yr P
On the effects of triangulated terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response

Distributed hydrologic models based on triangulated irregular networks (TIN) provide a means for computational efficiency in small to large-scale watershed modelling through an adaptive, multiple resolution representation of complex basin topography. Despite previous research with TIN-based hydrology models, the effect of triangulated terrain resolution on basin hydrologic response has received surprisingly little attention. Evaluating the impact of adaptive gridding on hydrologic response is important for determining the level of detail required in a terrain model. In this study, we address the spatial sensitivity of the TIN-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) in order to assess the variability in the basin-averaged and distributed hydrologic response (water balance, runoff mechanisms, surface saturation, groundwater dynamics) with respect to changes in topographic resolution. Prior to hydrologic simulations, we describe the generation of TIN models that effectively capture topographic and hydrographic variability from grid digital elevation models. In addition, we discuss the sampling methods and performance metrics utilized in the spatial aggregation of triangulated terrain models. For a 64 km2 catchment in northeastern Oklahoma, we conduct a multiple resolution validation experiment by utilizing the tRIBS model over a wide range of spatial aggregation levels. Hydrologic performance is assessed as a function of the terrain resolution, with the variability in basin response attributed to variations in the coupled surface–subsurface dynamics. In particular, resolving the near-stream, variable source area is found to be a key determinant of model behaviour as it controls the dynamic saturation pattern and its effect on rainfall partitioning. A relationship between the hydrologic sensitivity to resolution and the spatial aggregation of terrain attributes is presented as an effective means for selecting the model resolution. Finally, the study highlights the important effects of terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response and provides insight into the multiple resolution calibration and validation of TIN-based hydrology models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Updated stock index and market seasonals (SIMS) 3.0 data base includes two international control measures

Abstract This article provides updated information related to a database that regulators have found useful. Previous versions of the SIMS database were discussed in [Cataldo, A. J. (1998). The stock index and market seasonals (SIMS) data base. Research in Accounting Regulation , 12 , 201–221; Cataldo, A. J. (1999). UPDATE – The stock index and market seasonals (SIMS 2.0). Research in Accounting Regulation , 13 , 179–180; Cataldo, A. J. (2006). SIMS 2.0 includes controls for NYSE special closings, small firm effects and liquidity. Research in Accounting Regulation , 18 , 223–234]. New to the database are BBA LIBOR measures (1997 through September 2007) and Shanghai Composite (SSE) Index measures (2000 through September 2007). BBA LIBOR measures complement the 30-day commercial paper rates provided in SIMS 2.0, as it represents the prevalent measure associated with both debt and equity markets, as impacted by sub-prime loans. The SSE Index was the Asian index most responsive to rumors of the imposition of a capital gains tax in China in late February 2007. The significance of these additional, international debt and equity control variables may require control by capital markets researchers and is the motivation for their inclusion in this description of the expanded SIMS 3.0 data base.
Spectral Methods on Arbitrary Grids

Stable and spectrally accurate numerical methods are constructed on arbitrary grids for partial differential equations. These new methods are equivalent to conventional spectral methods but do not rely on specific grid distributions. Specifically, we show how to implement Legendre Galerkin, Legendre collocation, and Laguerre Galerkin methodology on arbitrary grids.
A cluster approach to hydrogen chemisorption on the GaAs(100) surface

Abstract Chemisorption properties of atomic hydrogen on the Ga-rich GaAs(1 0 0), (2×1) and β(4×2) surfaces are investigated using ab initio self-consistent restricted open shell Hartree–Fock (ROHF) total energy calculations with Hay–Wadt (HW) effective core potentials. The effects of electron correlation have been included using many-body perturbation theory through second order with the exception of β(4×2) symmetry due to computational limitations. The semiconductor surface is modeled by finite sized hydrogen saturated clusters. The effects of surface reconstruction have been investigated in detail. We report on the energetics of chemisorption on the (1 0 0) surface layer, including adsorption beneath the surface layer at an interstitial site, and also report on the possible dimer bond breaking at the bridge site. Chemisorption energies, bond lengths, and charge population analysis are reported for all considered sites of chemisorption.
Nanotechnology: Role in emerging nanoelectronics

Abstract Future miniaturized devices, beyond the Moore’s law era of silicon, are expected to rely on new, ingenious methods to implement spatially controlled and highly functional nanoscale components synthesized by inexpensive chemistry. Chip technology based on self-assembly would enhance performance and packing density by orders of magnitude, deliver rich on-chip functionality, and operate at molecular level. Low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructues and organic molecules, which offer unique possibilities such as extremely low power dissipation, quantum effects, surface sensitivity and low synthesis cost, could be the building blocks for next-generation electronics. In this paper we discuss the potential successors of the silicon CMOS technology at the end of the ITRS Roadmap (in ∼15 years). The disruptive technologies, rooted in nanoscale science, would aid in the continued advancement of integrated circuit technology – not necessarily through straightforward transistor geometry scaling – in several mainstream applications such as computing and data storage.
Modeling heterogeneous catalysts: metal clusters on planar oxide supports

Model catalysts consisting of Au and Ag clusters of varying size have been prepared on single crystal TiO2(110) and ultra-thin films of TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3. The morphology, electronic structure, and catalytic properties of these Au and Ag clusters have been investigated using low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) with emphasis on the unique properties of clusters <5.0 nm in size. Motivating this work is the recent literature report that gold supported on TiO2 is active for various reactions including low-temperature CO oxidation and the selective oxidation of propylene. These studies illustrate the novel and unique physical and chemical properties of nanosized supported metal clusters.
Dynamics of Quantum Dot Photonic Crystal Lasers

A rate equation model is used to predict the maximum modulation rate of a quantum dot photonic crystal laser. We predict that the modulation rate is limited by the carrier capture rate into the dots.
Internal vibrational modes and intermolecular force constants in solid cyclopropane

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra of solid cyclopropane, cyclopropane-d 6 , and the mutual solid solutions of these isotopic molecules are reinvestigated in the regions of internal vibrational modes. Several modifications of previously reported fundamental assignments are presented. Frequencies of components of internal fundamentals resulting from site and correlation field splittings are calculated from published atom—atom potential functions. Calculated splittings are in general found to be smaller than observed splittings, with correlation field usually contributing more than site splittings to total splittings, according to the calculations.
Measurement of the o-ray and e-ray infrared refractive index and absorption coefficients of sapphire from 10K to 295K

ABSTRACT We present the results of index of refraction and absorption coefficient measurements of high-quality optical grade sapphire over the 1850 cm -1 to 10000 cm -1 wavenumber range and temperatures from 10 K to 295 K. The refractive index is determined by a combination of room-temperature minimum-deviation prism measurements at 2950 cm -1 and temperature-dependent high-resolution transmission measurements of a 1 mm thick etalon sample from the same batch of material. A Brewster-angle polarizer with an extinction ratio of <10 -5 is used for polarization selection. The uncertainties in the fringe-counting method are analyzed. The temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient is compared with the predictions of a multi-phonon model for sapphire. Keywords: sapphire, index of refraction, absorption coefficient, thermo-optic coefficient 1. INTRODUCTION Because of its excellent optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, single-crystal Al 2 O 3 (sapphire) continues to be a widely used material in making optical components in the mid-wave infrared (3  m to 5  m wavelength) region. Knowledge of the real (with + 10
Magneto-acoustic rotation of transverse waves in 3He}B

Abstract In superfluid 3He–B, the off-resonant coupling of the J=2 − , M=±1 order parameter collective modes to transverse current excitations stabilizes propagating transverse waves with low damping for frequencies above that of the J=2− modes. Right- (RCP) and left circularly polarized (LCP) transverse modes are degenerate in zero field; however, a magnetic field with H || q lifts this degeneracy giving rise to the acoustic analog of circular birefringence and an acoustic Faraday effect for linearly polarized transverse sound waves (Moores and Sauls, J. Low Temp. Phys. 91 (1993) 13). We present theoretical results for the temperature, pressure and field dependence of the Faraday rotation angle, and compare the theory with recent measurements (Lee et al., Nature 400 (1999) 431). The analysis provides a direct measurement of the Lande g-factor for the J=2− modes, and new information on the magnitude of f-wave pairing correlations in 3He–B.
Tensor Norms and the Classical Communication Complexity of Nonlocal Quantum Measurement

We initiate the study of quantifying nonlocality of a bipartite measurement by the minimum amount of classical communication required to simulate the measurement. We derive general upper bounds in terms of some tensor norms of the measurement operator. As applications, we show that (a) if the amount of communication is a constant, then quantum and classical communication protocols with an unlimited amount of shared entanglement or shared randomness compute the same class of functions; and (b) it requires only a constant amount of communication to classically generate an approximation of the output distribution resulting from local measurements on an entangled quantum state, as long as the number of measurement outcomes is a constant.
Hot Outflowing Gas from the X-Ray Binary Hercules X-1

We present a unified picture of outflowing gas from the X-ray binary system Hercules X-1/HZ Herculis. We suggest that the outflowing gas (a wind) causes UV emission seen in mid-eclipse, narrow UV absorption lines, and broad UV P Cygni lines. Observations with the FOS and STIS spectrographs on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) show UV emission lines in the middle of X-ray eclipse, when the X-ray-heated atmosphere of the normal star and accretion disk should be entirely hidden from view. Narrow absorption lines (FWHM ≈ 50 km s-1) blueshifted by 500 km s-1 during observations in 1998 and by 400 km s-1 during observations in 1999 were seen from = 0 to 0.3. The line velocity was constant to within 20 km s-1. The P Cygni profiles from Hercules X-1 have optical depths τ 1 with a maximum expansion velocity of ≈600 km s-1, and are seen in the resonance lines N V λλ1238.8, 1242.8, Si IV λλ 1393.7, 1402.8, and C IV λλ1548.2, 1550.8. We discuss whether this wind originates in the accretion disk or on the companion star, and how the relevant ions can survive X-ray ionization by the neutron star.
Lattice dynamics and thermal equation of state of platinum

Platinum is widely used as a pressure calibration standard. However, the established thermal equation of state (EOS) has uncertainties especially in the high $P\text{\ensuremath{-}}T$ range. We use density-functional theory to calculate the thermal equation of state of platinum up to 550 GPa and 5000 K. The static lattice energy was computed by using the linearized augmented plane-wave method with local-density approximation (LDA), Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof, and the recently proposed Wu-Cohen functional. The electronic thermal free energy was evaluated using the Mermin functional. The vibrational part was computed within the quasiharmonic approximation using density-functional perturbation theory and pseudopotentials. Special attention was paid to the influence of the electronic temperature on the phonon frequencies. We find that, in overall, LDA results agree best with the experiments. Based on the density-functional theory calculations and the established experimental data, we develop a consistent thermal EOS of platinum as a reference for pressure calibration.
How naive is the stock market's use of earnings information?

Abstract Rendleman, Jones, and Latane (1987) and Bernard and Thomas (1990) hypothesize and report evidence that investors use a ‘naive’ seasonal random walk model, at least in part, for quarterly earnings. We show that the market acts as if it: (1) does not use a simple seasonal random walk model; (2) does exploit serial correlation at lags 1–4 in seasonally-differenced quarterly earnings; (3) does use the correct signs in exploiting serial correlation at each lag; but (4) underestimates the magnitude of serial correlation by approximately 50% on average. We discuss the consistency of alternative hypotheses with our evidence.
The Gram determinant of the type B Temperley--Lieb algebra

We give a new proof for the factorization of the Gram determinant of the type B Temperley-Lieb algebra. We present this in a fashion influenced by the work of W.B.R. Lickorish on the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants of 3-manifolds.
Nontrivial t-designs over finite fields exist for all t☆

Abstract A t - ( n , k , λ ) design over F q is a collection of k -dimensional subspaces of F q n , called blocks, such that each t -dimensional subspace of F q n is contained in exactly λ blocks. Such t -designs over F q are the q -analogs of conventional combinatorial designs. Nontrivial t - ( n , k , λ ) designs over F q are currently known to exist only for t ⩽ 3 . Herein, we prove that simple (meaning, without repeated blocks) nontrivial t - ( n , k , λ ) designs over F q exist for all t and q , provided that k > 12 ( t + 1 ) and n is sufficiently large. This may be regarded as a q -analog of the celebrated Teirlinck theorem for combinatorial designs.
PdII-Catalyzed Oxidative 1,1-Diarylation of Terminal Olefins

Evaluation of the scope of a PdII-catalyzed oxidative 1,1-diarylation reaction of terminal olefins using aryl stannanes is reported. The reaction is shown to be tolerant of functionality commonly encountered in organic synthesis; however, the reaction outcome was found to be dependent on the nature of the aryl stannane used. A mechanistic rationale for the observation of this influence is provided.
A Homogeneous, Recyclable Rhodium(I) Catalyst for the Hydroarylation of Michael Acceptors

A robust and practical polymer-supported, recyclable biphephos rhodium(I) catalyst has been developed. Control of polymer molecular weight allowed the tuning of solubility such that the polymer-supported catalyst is soluble in nonpolar solvents and not soluble in polar solvents. Thus, catalytic addition of aryl- and vinylboronic acids to enones occurs under completely homogeneous conditions and catalyst recycle can be achieved by simple precipitation and filtration.
MONIC NON-COMMUTATIVE ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS

Among all states on the algebra of non-commutative polynomials, we characterize the ones that have monic orthogonal polynomials. The characterizations involve recursion relations, Hankel-type determinants, and a representation as a joint distribution of operators on a Fock space.
The potential for web services to enhance information access to legacy data: An exploratory study and application

This paper presents an overview of an exploratory research project to identify, describe, and investigate the applicability of the Web services (WS) approach to access legacy data. In the Z Texas Implementation Component of the Library of Texas (ZLOT) project, the ZLOT technical team has implemented a multi-purpose Texas Library Directory Database (TLDD) that is used as a back-end database to support the Library of Texas (LOT) Resource Discovery Service (RDS). The researchers developed and implemented a prototype WS application to show how a legacy system can be accessed and its data can be searched and retrieved. This study focused on understanding how requests and responses between software applications are encoded in Extensible Markup Language (XML).
Directable regiochemistry in naphthazarins via the use of masked derivatives

Abstract The carboethoxynaphthol 3d was converted via salcomine oxidation to the masked carboethoxynaphthazarin 4b which could undergo nucleophilic addition or, if unmasked, transfer quinone reactivity to the alternative ring in form 5 . The latter should undergo regiospecific Diels-Alder reactions.
Metazooplankton dynamics in the Salton Sea, California, 1997–1999

The dynamics of metazooplankton populations were studied over 3 years at the saline (43 g 1−1) Salton Sea, California’s largest lake. Total abundance was highest in summer following late winter/early spring phytoplankton blooms. At this time, metazooplankton consisted mostly of the copepod, Apocyclops dengizicus,and the rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis. In August or September, severe crashes in the metazooplankton populations occurred each year in mid-lake due to strong wind events which increased mixing and caused low oxygen and high sulfide concentrations throughout the water column. Larvae of the polychaete worm, Neanthes succinea and the barnacle, Bat nus amphitrite were present mostly in late winter and spring. Their scarcity in summer is due in part to persistent anoxic bottom conditions that decrease adult populations and in part to predation by tilapia, an omnivorous fish that has become abundant in the lake since the 1960s. Two Synchaeta species, rotifers not previously reported front the Sea, were abundant in winter and spring and predation on these may have permitted the copepod to persist at low levels through the winter. There were two major changes in metazooplankton dynamics since 1954–1956 in addition to the appearance of the two synchaetid rotifers in the fauna. First, there are now much lower densities of barnacle and polychaete larvae in the fall, probably due to the invasion of the zooplanktivorous fish, tilapia. Second the precipitous crashes now seen in metazooplankton densities, especially the copepod, in late summer-early fall did not occur in the 1950s possibly because fall overturn events did not result in such high sulfide levels.
Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education

With an estimated 115 million children not attending primary school in the developing world, increasing access to education is critical. Resource constraints limit the effectiveness of demand-based subsidies. This paper focuses on the importance of a supply-side factor -- the availability of low-cost teachers -- and the resulting ability of the market to offer affordable education. The authors first show that private schools are three times more likely to emerge in villages with government girls' secondary schools (GSS). Identification is obtained by using official school construction guidelines as an instrument for the presence of GSS. In contrast, there is little or no relationship between the presence of a private school and girls' primary or boys' primary and secondary government schools. In support of a supply-channel, the authors then show that, for villages that received a GSS, there are over twice as many educated women and that private school teachers' wages are 27 percent lower in these villages. In an environment with poor female education and low mobility, GSS substantially increase the local supply of skilled women lowering wages locally and allowing the market to offer affordable education. These findings highlight the prominent role of women as teachers in facilitating educational access and resonate with similar historical evidence from developed economies. The students of today are the teachers of tomorrow.
Partially ordered generalized patterns

We introduce partially ordered generalized patterns (POGPs), which further generalize the generalized permutation patterns (GPs) introduced by Babson and Steingrimsson [Semin. Lotharingien Combin. B44b (2000) 18]. A POGP p is a GPe some of whose letters are incomparable. Thus, in an occurrence of p in a permutation @p, two letters that are incomparable in p pose no restrictions on the corresponding letters in @p. We describe many relations between POGPs and GPs and give general theorems about the number of permutations avoiding certain classes of POGPs. These theorems have several known results as corollaries but also give many new results. We also give the generating function for the entire distribution of the maximum number of non-overlapping occurrences of a pattern p with no dashes, provided we know the exponential generating function for the number of permutations that avoid p. Resume On etudie les motifs partiellement ordonnes generalises (POGP), une generalisation des motifs de permutation generalises (GP) definis par Babson et Steingrisson [Semin. Lotharingien Combin. B44b (2000) 18]. Un POGP p est un GP dont certaines lettres sont incomparables. Ainsi, dans une apparition de p dans une permutation @p, deux lettres incomparables de p ne posent aucune contrainte sur les lettres correspondantes de @p. On decrit de nombreuses relations entre les POGP et les GP et on donne des theoremes generaux sur le nombre de permutations evitant certaines classes de POGP. Ces theoremes ont pour corollaires plusieurs resultats connus mais menent egalement a des resultats nouveaux. Nous derivons la fonction generatrice pour toute la distribution du nombre maximal d'apparitions sans superposition d'un motif p sans tirets, conaissant la fonction generatrice exponentielle du nombre de permutations evitant p.
Model-based partial shape recognition using contour curvature and affine transformation

Abstract The problem of recognizing partially occluded parts is of considerable interest in the field of manufacturing automation. In this paper, we describe a technique of recognizing partially obscured and overlapping two-dimensional objects by using the contour curvature and affine transformation in a model base. This technique is based on the invariant attribute of an object, called footprint , for the purpose of hashing. By such a recognition method, we could identify an object by matching all model objects against a period of the partial contour of composite objects and by voting one of the best matches from the pre-established model base. The technique is divided into the following procedures: digitization from camera, thresholding into binary, object labeling, border operator, chain coding, footprint extraction, building the model base and hashing table, finding breakpoints, building the segment table, affine transformation and matching process.
HIGH-CADENCE TIME-SERIES PHOTOMETRY OF V1647 ORIONIS

We present high-cadence (1-10 hr–1) time-series photometry of the eruptive young variable star V1647 Orionis during its 2003-2004 and 2008-2009 outbursts. The 2003 light curve was obtained mid-outburst at the phase of steepest luminosity increase of the system, during which time the accretion rate of the system was presumably continuing to increase toward its maximum rate. The 2009 light curve was obtained after the system luminosity had plateaued, presumably when the rate of accretion had also plateaued. We detect a "flicker noise" signature in the power spectrum of the light curves, which may suggest that the stellar magnetosphere continued to interact with the accretion disk during each outburst event. Only the 2003 power spectrum, however, evinces a significant signal with a period of 0.13 days. While the 0.13 day period cannot be attributed to the stellar rotation period, we show that it may plausibly be due to short-lived radial oscillations of the star, possibly caused by the surge in the accretion rate.
Free Energy of a Dilute Bose Gas: Lower Bound

A lower bound is derived on the free energy (per unit volume) of a homogeneous Bose gas at density \(\varrho\) and temperature T. In the dilute regime, i.e., when \(a^3\varrho \ll 1\) , where a denotes the scattering length of the pair-interaction potential, our bound differs to leading order from the expression for non-interacting particles by the term \(4{\pi}a ( 2{\varrho^2}-[\varrho-\varrho_c]_+^2 )\) . Here, \(\varrho_c(T)\) denotes the critical density for Bose-Einstein condensation (for the non-interacting gas), and \([\, \cdot \, ]_+ = \max\{ \, \cdot\, , 0\}\) denotes the positive part. Our bound is uniform in the temperature up to temperatures of the order of the critical temperature, i.e., T ~ \(\varrho\)2/3 or smaller. One of the key ingredients in the proof is the use of coherent states to extend the method introduced in [17] for estimating correlations to temperatures below the critical one.
Facile one-pot synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines from amino acids via hypochlorite-mediated decarboxylation and Pictet–Spengler condensation

Abstract A convenient method for oxidative decarboxylation of α-amino acids is presented. The aldehyde products may be isolated or converted to tetrahydroisoquinolines by addition of dopamine via Pictet–Spengler reaction. Racemic products are generated by phosphate buffer >300 mM to maximize regioselectivity. (S)-Enantiomer products are generated by norcoclaurine synthase reaction in maleic acid buffer to minimize chemical background reaction.
Franz Boas, Social Activist: The Dynamics of Ethnicity

Introduction The Early Years The Quest for Stability The Rise of the Professional The Turn of the Century The Struggle for Racial Equality The Confrontation with Nativism Trial by War The End of an Era Conclusion Selected Bibliography Index
Management of national parks in developing countries: a proposal for an international park service

Abstract Current thinking on protected area management in developing countries seeks to build upon the recent international experiences with community management and Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs). Private and community management frequently cannot provide the non-market values associated with free-ranging populations of large predators and other mammals in a natural ecosystem. This paper proposes an international civil service including these components: (a) objective rating criteria, (b) additional points for developing country citizenship and/or place of birth, (c) salaries comparable to similar professional positions in North American and European countries, (d) higher fees for foreign visitors, (e) local and regional scholarships for primary, secondary, and tertiary education, (f) financial support to host governments, and (g) international promotion of ecotourism in developing countries.
Linear and dynamical stability of Ricci-flat metrics

We can talk about two kinds of stability of the Ricci flow at Ricci-flat metrics. One of them is a linear stability, defined with respect to Perelman's functional F (see [1, page 5]). The other one is a dynamical stability, and it refers to a convergence of a Ricci flow starting at any metric in a neighborhood of a considered Ricci-flat metric. We show that dynamical stability implies linear stability. We also show that a linear stability together with the integrability assumption implies dynamical stability. As a corollary, we get a stability result for K3-surfaces, part of which has been done in [11, Corollary 4.15, Theorem 4.16]. Our stability result applies to Calabi-Yau manifolds as well
The effect of tariffs in markets with vertical restraints

Abstract When a manufacturer cannot completely control the behavior of its retailers, raising tariffs may increase domestic welfare, benefit consumers, and harm domestic manufacturers. These results are illustrated in a model in which the manufacturer transfers monopoly power to retailers by limiting their number, so as to induce retailers to provide services to consumers. Conditions are derived for each group to benefit from higher tariffs.
Process for ink devoid of free acid

(1837). Process for ink devoid of free acid. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 11, No. 67, pp. 324-325.
A controlled study of a 'new' ventilating tube. The gold standard?

Summary A prospective controlled study of a gold ventilation tube was undertaken in which a gold tube was inserted in one ear of 88 children and a Paparella silicone tube was inserted in the contralateral ear as a control. The tubes were evaluated with respect to length of time of intubation, episodes of otorrhea and early occlusion. Sixty-three patients were available for a follow-up of at least 6 months. The gold tube remained in place for a shorter period of time when compared to the control tube. Episodes of otorrhea were infrequent and there was not any significant difference between the two types of tubes. The gold tube became occluded more frequently than the control tube. Since the gold tube is approximately 3 times more expensive and has no proven advantages over our conventional silicone tube, we have no reason to recommend its use in preference to any other available tube.
Near-critical fluid interfaces : a comparison of theory and experiment

Abstract Measurements of the ellipticity and the reflectivity of liquid-liquid interfaces in mixtures near their consolute points are compared with theories of the interface. Both sets of measurements yield the same interfacial thickness within experimental error when scaled appropriately by theories that combine both the intrinsic density-profile and capillary-wave aspects of the interface. The theories correctly predict the temperature dependence of the thickness, but systematically overestimate the thickness itself. When the few comparable data for pure fluids are scaled by the same theories, they show an unexpected temperature dependence of the thickness, which is not consistent with the mixture results.