cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dearth of Published Intervention Studies About English Learners with Learning Disabilities or Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Special Education

In 1987, James Ysseldyke made an open call in Exceptional Children , asking for manuscript submissions that addressed issues and concerns of culturally diverse learners. Over 30 years have passed since that call, and research with this population remains limited. Approximately 9% of the K-12 special education population nationwide is composed of English learners with disabilities (ELWD; McFarland et al., 2018). Disconcertingly, the results of the 2017 NAEP reading assessments indicate that ELWD scored below any other student category. In order to better serve ELWD, it is imperative that the field of special education evaluate prior published research with a focus upon what has been found to work for the ELWD population. This systematic literature review analyzed published research (2002-2018) from prominent special education journals, specifically for ELWD with learning disabilities or emotional and behavioral disorders. Results describe the 12 studies that met review criteria. Implications for improving interventions for ELWD are presented. Subscribe to LDMJ
On-off switching of vortex shedding and vortex-induced vibration in crossflow past a circular cylinder by locking or releasing a rotational nonlinear energy sink

Numerical simulations in two dimensions of the flow past a cylinder restrained by an elastic support find that the vortex-induced vibration can be suppressed using a nonlinear energy sink consisting of a rotating mass inside the cylinder.
Accountable Care Organizations during Covid-19: Routine care for older adults with multiple chronic conditions.

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens the health and well-being of older adults with multiple chronic conditions. To date, limited information exists about how Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are adapting to manage these patients. We surveyed 78 Medicare ACOs about their concerns for these patients during the pandemic and strategies they are employing to address them. ACOs expressed major concerns about disruptions to necessary care for this population, including the accessibility of social services and long-term care services. While certain strategies like virtual primary and specialty care visits were being used by nearly all ACOs, other services such as virtual social services, home medication delivery, and remote lab monitoring were far less commonly accessible. ACOs expressed that support for telehealth services, investment in remote monitoring capabilities, and funding for new, targeted care innovation initiatives would help them better care for vulnerable patients during this pandemic.
From Tactile to NavTile: Opportunities and Challenges with Multi-Modal Feedback for Guiding Surfaces during Non-Visual Navigation

Tactile guiding surfaces in the built environment have held a contentious place in the process of navigation by people who are blind or visually impaired. Despite standards for tactile guiding surfaces, problems persist with inconsistent implementation, perception, and geographic orientation. We investigate the role of tactile cues in non-visual navigation and attitudes surrounding guiding surfaces through a survey of 67 people with vision impairments and ten interviews with navigation and public accessibility experts. Our participants revealed several opportunities to augment existing tactile surfaces while envisioning novel multimodal feedback solutions in immediately relevant contexts. We also propose an approach for designing and exploring low cost, multimodal tactile surfaces, which we call navtiles. Finally, we discuss practical aspects of implementation for new design alternatives such as standardization, installation, movability, discoverability, and a need for transparency. Collectively, these insights contribute to the production and implementation of novel multimodal navigation aids.
The Utility of Preoperative Phone Calls for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Procedures.

ObjectivePerioperative patient education improves patient satisfaction, surgical outcomes, and can reduce postoperative call volume. Here, we investigate whether the use of standardized preoperativ...
Trends in hospitalizations for vertebral compression fracture in ankylosing spondylitis: data from the National Inpatient Sample 2000-2014.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients are at increased risk of vertebral compression fractures (VCF). Our objective was to examine the yearly trend of VCF hospitalizations in AS patients as compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the general population. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2000–2014) was used to identify adult (≥ 18 years) hospitalizations, based on validated ICD-9 diagnosis codes. The rate of VCF hospitalizations, as a primary diagnosis, was assessed in three mutually exclusive groups: AS, RA, and the general population. The prevalence of VCF hospitalization was highest in AS (2.70%), compared to 0.77% in RA and 0.35% in the general population. Over the 15-year period, VCF hospitalization in AS was noted to have an increasing trend (Annual Percent Change (APC) = 4.73, p < 0.05) in contrast to the stable trend in the general population (APC = 0.34, p = NS) and a declining trend in RA (APC -3.61, p < 0.05). VCF related to AS was also associated with a longer hospital stay as compared to the general population (8.1 days vs. 5.1 days, p < 0.05) and higher inpatient mortality (3.4% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.05). A higher rate of VCF hospitalization along with an increasing trend was noted in AS as compared to RA and compared to the general population. Better screening approaches and treatment strategies for AS patients with VCF risk are urgently needed to reduce hospitalizations and related complications.
A Preliminary Analysis of Android Educational Game Accessibility

Android educational games are powerful learning tools but small, moving targets and game implementations pose accessibility challenges to people with upper-body motor impairments. In this poster, we present findings from a qualitative accessibility evaluation of 30 popular Android educational games, identify and reflect on accessibility barriers, and provide preliminary design recommendations.
Magnetic Seizure Therapy for the Treatment of Depression

Cognitive side effects limit the clinical utility of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the most effective and rapidly acting treatment for severe depression. Studies suggest that prefrontal cortical
Being Optimistic about SETI

We briefly review the history of alternating optimistic and pessimistic expectations of searches for extraterrestrial radio communications. We point out that a proper consideration of such searches should distinguish between those anticipating beacons from advanced civilizations and those anticipating leakage radiation from emergent civilizations. The latter provide more reliable constraints on the rate of emergence of civilizations, but require a much greater observational effort than usually contemplated.
Target recognition using neural networks for model deformation measurements

Optical measurements provide a non-invasive method for measuring deformation of wind tunnel models. Model deformation systems use targets mounted or painted on the surface of the model to identify, known positions, and photogrammetric methods are used to calculate 3-D positions of the targets on the model from digital 2-D images. Under ideal conditions, the reflective targets are placed against a dark background and provide high-contrast images, aiding in target recognition. However, glints of light reflecting from the model surface, or reduced contrast caused by light source or model smoothness constraints, can compromise accurate target determination using current algorithmic methods. The paper describes a technique using a neural network and image processing technologies which increases the reliability of target recognition systems. Unlike algorithmic methods, the neural network can be trained to identify the characteristic patterns that distinguish targets from other objects of similar size and appearance and can adapt to changes in lighting and environmental conditions.
Secondary Students' Subject Matter Representations of Climate Change

Nine 11th and 12th grade students from a large urban high school participated in a three-tiered program that charged them with the responsibility to be earth science mentors for 7th graders from a local feeder school. During Tier I, a three-month training period, these 11th and 12th graders worked closely with university-based scientists, science educators, and secondary science teachers to learn a tested curriculum on climate change and to prepare to be mentors. Prior to Tier I, four scientists involved in climate change research were asked to derive independently a list of concepts that they perceived to be most central to this topic. A concept mapping exercise was developed from their consensus and, both at the beginning and at the end of Tier I, student understandings were analyzed with concept maps and interviews. A baseline of 11th and 12th grade students' understandings of climate change is established and suggestions are made as to how these findings can inform instructional practices in the geosc...
Code-Division Multiple Access

In this article basic principles of direct sequence spread spectrum for code division multiple access (CDMA) are described. CDMA is evolving into dominant multiple access technology for commercial wireless communications. Performance of conventional detection in CDMA is discussed, as well as the impact of imperfect power control. Several multiuser detection schemes that could improve the performance and enable robust operation in the presence of power control error are reviewed. Keywords: spread spectrum; code division multiple access; multiuser detection
Why Would Multiplicities be Log-Concave?

A basic property of entropy in statistical physics is that it is concave as a function of energy. The analog of this in representation theory would be the concavity of the logarithm of the multiplicity of an irreducible representation as a function of its highest weight. We discuss various situations where such concavity can be established or reasonably conjectured and consider some implications of this concavity.
Helium as a Quantum Fluid

A system of non-interacting particles obeying quantum statistics is considered to be an ideal quantum gas. There are a number of physical systems in nature that display quantum gas behavior. Common examples include the behavior of electrons and phonons in solids. Also, low density gas molecules at low temperatures can show quantum mechanical behavior as we discussed in Chap. 3. Of most recent interest are gases made up of Rb or H atoms that undergo Bose-Einstein condensation.
IEEE MultiMedia Forges Ahead

Incoming Editor in Chief Yong Rui shares his plans for IEEE MultiMedia magazine during his term as well as some of his thoughts, perceived opportunities, and potential action items for 2014.
Chapter 9 Industrialization and trade

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on a few major recurring themes that have been prominent in the literature on industrialization. The chapter discusses the initial conditions at the beginning of the post-colonial period and their relation to subsequent industrial development. The chapter describes the determinants of the growing relative importance of the sector. Productivity growth and its relation to international trade orientation are discussed at the sectoral level. The chapter also discusses studies of the efficiency of individual firms. The employment effects of industrialization are examined and conclusions are presented. The Lewis–Fei–Ranis two-sector model provides a useful guide to the role of manufacturing in the development process of a country without an international trade sector. In the immediate post-war period, the potential for industrial development varied considerably among less developed countries (LDCs). In Brazil, Egypt, and India—for example, relatively large manufacturing firms had 60 or 70 years of industrial experience, primarily in food processing and textiles. Two countries, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan, which would later prove quite successful, possessed a considerable base of education and industrial experience. Among the major concerns of analysts of industrial sector, performance has been the failure to create jobs for the burgeoning labor force. The chapter also includes cross-country models, the Hirschman hypothesis, the choice of technology, and so on.
Evaluating relative sensitivity of SWAT‐simulated nitrogen discharge to projected climate and land cover changes for two watersheds in North Carolina, USA

We investigated how projected changes in land cover and climate affected simulated nitrate (NO3−) and organic nitrogen discharge for two watersheds within the Neuse River Basin, North Carolina, USA, for years 2010–2070. We applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model to predict nitrogen discharge using (1) atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (2) land cover change predicted by the Integrated Climate and Land Use Change project and (3) precipitation and temperature simulated by two statistically downscaled and bias-corrected Global Circulation Models. We determined the sensitivity of simulated nitrogen discharge to separate changes in each treatment [(1) CO2, (2) land cover and (3) precipitation and temperature (PT)] by comparing each treatment to a reference condition. Results showed that nitrogen discharges were most sensitive to changes in PT over the 60-year simulation. Nitrogen discharges had similar sensitivities to the CO2 and land cover treatments, which were only one-tenth the influence of the PT treatment. Under the CO2 treatment, nitrogen discharges increased with increasing ambient CO2. NO3− discharge decreased with increased urbanization; however, organic nitrogen had a varied response. Under the PT treatment, there was high spatial variability in nitrogen discharges. In a single year, certain sub-basins showed an 80% increase in nitrogen discharge relative to reference, while others showed a 400% decrease. With nitrogen discharge showing high sensitivity to PT change, we suggest that more emphasis should be placed on investigating impacts of PT on nutrient transport in the Neuse River Basin. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
HIF2α signaling inhibits adherens junctional disruption in acute lung injury

Vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction underlies diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. The transcription factor HIF2α is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and may regulate endothelial barrier function. Here, we analyzed promoter sequences of genes encoding proteins that regulate adherens junction (AJ) integrity and determined that vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) is a HIF2α target. HIF2α-induced VE-PTP expression enhanced dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin, which reduced VE-cadherin endocytosis and thereby augmented AJ integrity and endothelial barrier function. Mice harboring an EC-specific deletion of Hif2a exhibited decreased VE-PTP expression and increased VE-cadherin phosphorylation, resulting in defective AJs. Mice lacking HIF2α in ECs had increased lung vascular permeability and water content, both of which were further exacerbated by endotoxin-mediated injury. Treatment of these mice with Fg4497, a prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) inhibitor, activated HIF2α-mediated transcription in a hypoxia-independent manner. HIF2α activation increased VE-PTP expression, decreased VE-cadherin phosphorylation, promoted AJ integrity, and prevented the loss of endothelial barrier function. These findings demonstrate that HIF2α enhances endothelial barrier integrity, in part through VE-PTP expression and the resultant VE-cadherin dephosphorylation-mediated assembly of AJs. Moreover, activation of HIF2α/VE-PTP signaling via PHD2 inhibition has the potential to prevent the formation of leaky vessels and edema in inflammatory diseases such as ARDS.
A method for the determination of the electrophoretic patterns of hemolyzed mouse sera

Abstract A method is presented that will give comparable results for the evaluation of electrophoretic data on hemolyzed mouse serum patterns. Not only may hemoglobin be determined in the serum, but its contribution to the total protein may be calculated with the aid of a reference curve derived from the data obtained from the hemolyzed red cells of mice taken from the corresponding mouse blood pool.
Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies SEC61A and VCP as Conserved Regulators of Sindbis Virus Entry

Alphaviruses are a large class of insect-borne human pathogens and little is known about the host-factor requirements for infection. To identify such factors, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen using model Drosophila cells and validated 94 genes that impacted infection of Sindbis virus (SINV), the prototypical alphavirus. We identified a conserved role for SEC61A and valosin-containing protein (VCP) in facilitating SINV entry in insects and mammals. SEC61A and VCP selectively regulate trafficking of the entry receptor NRAMP2, and loss or pharmacological inhibition of these proteins leads to altered NRAMP2 trafficking to lysosomal compartments and proteolytic digestion within lysosomes. NRAMP2 is the major iron transporter in cells, and loss of NRAMP2 attenuates intracellular iron transport. Thus, this study reveals genes and pathways involved in both infection and iron homeostasis that may serve as targets for antiviral therapeutics or for iron-imbalance disorders.
Influence of cocoons on egg laying of colony-founding carpenter ant queens (Hymenoptera: formicidae)

Patterns of brood production by colony-founding queens of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer), C. novaeboracensis (Fitch), and C. modoc Wheeler were examined. The presence of workers or larvae had either no effect or a negative one on oviposition by the queens, but the presence of cocoons stimulated oviposition. This regulation may control the worker/brood ratio or may synchronize the hatching of larvae, with the eclosion of new workers to care for them.
MOTION SICKNESS, GINGER, AND PSYCHOPHYSICS

Abstract The effects of the powdered rhizome of Zingiber officinale on the symptoms of motion sickness were compared with those of dimenhydrinate and placebo in 36 undergraduate men and women who reported very high susceptibility to motion sickness. Motion sickness was induced by placing the blindfolded subject in a tilted rotating chair. Measurements of perceived degree of gastrointestinal distress were reported every 15 s for up to 6 minutes by means of psychophysical methods. Z. officinale was superior to dimenhydrinate in reducing motion sickness.
Measurement of the spectral reflectivity of a self-pumped phase conjugator

We measure the spectral reflectivity of a Cat (so named because its first conjugated image was that of a cat) self-pumped conjugator. We find that the transmission and the phase-conjugate reflectivity of the conjugator always vary periodically with wavelength and that the periodicity is caused by a resonator loop that springs up and self-adjusts inside the crystal. Depending on the spectral width of the incident beam, the conjugator will have either a minimum or a maximum reflectivity at the center of the writing spectrum. We show that the sign of the coherence function after one round trip of the internal resonator determines the spectral behavior of the conjugator, and we experimentally map out the dependence of the conjugator’s reflectivity and transmission on the spectral content of the incident beam.
Topography and microstructure

Abstract Three levels of description of the geometric state are considered in discussing the “three-dimensional topography” of a microstructure. The first level is simply a list of the features that exist in the structure; the second associates with each member of this list, numbers that describe its extent or configuration; the third is a complete description in terms of the distribution of features in space. Experimentally, most of the metric properties may be estimated from counting measurements made upon a representative microsection; whereas the topological properties require a serial sectioning analysis. The counting measurements are then combined with some elementary statistical analysis in order to describe anisotropies, gradients, and spatial relationships between microstructural features.
Relation of clinical culture method to T-cell memory status and efficacy in xenograft models of adoptive immunotherapy.

Abstract Background aims Cytotoxic T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for adoptive immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies are effective in pre-clinical models, and this efficacy has translated to success in several clinical trials. Many early trials were disappointing in large part because of the lack of proliferation and subsequent persistence of transferred cells. Recent investigations have pointed to the importance of delivering highly proliferative cells, whether of naive or early memory phenotypes. Methods We investigated the influence of two common cell culturing methods used in early trials and their relationship to T-cell phenotype and pre-clinical efficacy. Results We observed that stimulation with soluble anti-CD3 antibody OKT-3 and high-dose interleukin-2 produces more effector memory-type T cells with shorter average telomeres when compared with cells generated with the use of CD3/CD28 beads. When used in xenograft models of leukemia, bead-stimulated cells proliferated earlier and to a higher degree than those generated with the use of OKT-3/IL2 and resulted in better disease control despite no difference in distribution or migration throughout the mouse. Inclusion of the known successful clinical 4-1BB endodomain in the CAR could not rescue the function of OKT-3/IL-2–cultured cells. T cells isolated from animals that survived long-term (>120 days) retained a central memory–like phenotype and demonstrated a memory response to a large re-challenge of CD19-positive leukemia. Conclusions In summary, we confirm that cells with a younger phenotype or higher proliferative capacity perform better in pre-clinical models and that cell culturing influences cell phenotype seemingly independent of the 4-1BB endodomain in the CAR structure.
Synergistic interaction between nicotine and social rewards in adolescent male rats

Rationale Smoking typically begins during adolescence and is largely reinforced by social cues. During adolescence in rats, sensitivity to both social cues and drugs of abuse is enhanced.
On Dimensions of a Random Solid Diagram

A solid diagram of volume n is a packing of n unit cubes into a corner so that the heights of vertical stacks of cubes do not increase in either of two horizontal directions away from the corner. An asymptotic distribution of the dimensions – heights, depths, and widths – of the diagram chosen uniformly at random among all such diagrams is studied. For each k, the planar base of k tallest stacks is shown to be Plancherel distributed in the limit $n\to\infty$.
Evidence for enhanced reactivity in the photofragmentation of the bridged dinuclear system Me2Si[η5-C5H4Fe(CO)2(η1-CH2C6H5)]2

Abstract Experimental evidence that the dinuclear complex Me 2 Si[η 5 -C 5 H 4 Fe(CO) 2 -(η 1 -CH 2 C 6 H 5 )] 2 shows enhanced reactivity over its mononuclear analogy η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 (η 1 -CH 2 C 6 H 5 in photogragmentation to produce bibenzyl and FeFe bonded product is presented. Information from a series of competition and crossover experiments indicate that two factors are involved in the enhancement: (1) the ability to photochemically produce a 16-electron unsaturated benzyl unit in close proximity to a saturated partner, and (2) the inability of the FeFe bonded species 4 to quench free benzyl radicals in solution. Chemical reaction of Me 2 Si[η 5 -C 5 H 4 Fe(CO) 2 (η 1 -CH 2 C 6 H 5 )] 2 with Me 3 NO produces bibenzyl and establishes that loss of CO is the initial step in the fragmentation reaction. In addition, trapping experiments with 9,10-dihydroanthracene show that bibenzyl is formed from free benzyl radical; BBased on these results an overall mechanism is proposed.
Stimulus intensity and inter-stimulus interval effects on pain-related cerebral potentials.

Abstract The inter-relationship between stimulus intensity and inter-stimulus interval (ISI) on pain-related evoked vertex potentials was studied. Sixteen subjects were tested with 4 stimulus intensities at 4 different ISIs forming 16 averaged event-related potentials for each subject. Data were analyzed in 2 ways: first by multiple regression analysis of peak-to-peak amplitudes and secondly by single-trial analysis for each subject based on a linear model employing principal component loadings as basis functions, from which were derived separate time-dependent functions describing the contributions of intensity and ISI. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of the averaged waves increased with increases in either intensity or ISI. There are no significant interactions. However, single-trial analysis revealed subtle, but consistent, differences in the peak latencies between stimulus and ISI components, suggesting that the components arise from distinct sources.
Blood transfusions are associated with increased risk for development of sepsis in severely burned pediatric patients.

Objective:To determine the risk of developing sepsis following transfusion of blood products in severely burned pediatric patients.Design:Retrospective, cohort study.Setting:Shriners Hospital for Children and University Hospital.Patients:Severely burned pediatric patients with >30% total body surfac
Nuclear relaxation at magnetic impurities in nickel

Abstract Nuclear relaxation rates of 55 Mn and 59 Co nuclei in dilute Ni Mn and Ni Co alloys have been measured. The d-orbital contribution to the relaxation is found to be absent.
Macromolecular interactions with cadmium and the effects of zinc, copper, lead, and mercury ions.

Interactions of cadmium (Cd) ions with bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine hepatic metallothionein (MT), calf thymus histone and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and bovine hepatic chromatins were studied in the presence and absence of divalent zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb) ions, using equilibrium dialysis at pH 7 and at 37°C. The BSA had 3.5 Cd-binding sites with an apparent affinity constant of 1×105. The other metal ions inhibited the binding by reducing the affinity constant and the number of Cd-binding sites in BSA. There were 6 high affinity and 13 low affinity Cd-binding sites in the MT. Zinc ions had poor efficacy in reducing the binding of Cd to the MT. However, the Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions inhibited the Cd binding to a considerable extent, the former ions being more potent in this respect. Histone did not bind Cd. There were two kinds of Cd-binding sites in DNA: One mole of Cd per four moles DNA-phosphorus at low affinity sites, and one mole of Cd per 6.7 moles DNA-phosphorus at high affinity sites. Their apparent association constants were 8.3×105 and 4.4×106 M, respectively. The other metal ions had inhibitory effects on the binding of Cd to DNA. Histone reduced the Cd-DNA interactions to only a minor extent. The other metal ions reduced the binding of Cd to DNA-histone complex to a small extent. Cadmium binds to the euchromatin (Euch), heterochromatin (Het), and Euch-Het mixture almost equally. The other metal ions reduced the binding maximally in Euch-Het followed next in order by Het and Euch. Cupric ions were the most potent inhibitors of the interactions of Cd with the nuclear materials.
Reciprocal modulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-1 receptors by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) treatment in the mouse brain-endocrine-immune axis

The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) alters a variety of immune, central nervous system, and neuroendocrine activities characteristic of an integrator of the brain-endocrine-immune response to stress. In an attempt to define the regulation of IL-1 and IL-1 receptors in the mouse brain-endocrine-immune axis, we measured tissue levels of IL-1 beta using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and iodine-125-labeled recombinant human IL-1 alpha ([125I]IL-1 alpha) binding in hippocampus, hypothalamus, pituitary, epididymus, testis, and spleen after ip injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Basal IL-1 beta levels were detectable in all of the tissues examined. IL-1 beta levels were dramatically increased in the peripheral tissues (pituitary, testis, and spleen) 2-6 h after a single LPS injection; however, no significant changes were observed in the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus). [125I]IL-1 alpha binding was decreased in the spleen, but was unchanged in the hippocampus and testis after a single LPS injection. To determine whether activation of IL-1 in brain may require more sustained exposure to endotoxin, we examined the effects of two injections of LPS at 0 and 12 h. After two LPS injections (0 and 12 h), significant increases in IL-1 beta concentrations were noted in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, spleen, testis and epididymus; [125I]IL-1 alpha binding using quantitative autoradiography was significantly decreased in all tissues, including the pituitary gland. Saturation studies in whole testis homogenates demonstrated that the LPS-induced decrease in [125I]IL-1 alpha binding was primarily due to a decrease in the density of IL-1 receptors. These data demonstrate that LPS treatment results in elevated circulating and/or tissue levels of IL-1, which, in turn, down-regulates IL-1 receptors in the brain-endocrine-immune axis.
The Dynamics of Postmitotic Reassembly of the Nucleolus

Mammalian cell nucleoli disassemble at the onset of M-phase and reassemble during telophase. Recent studies showed that partially processed preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) is preserved in association with processing components in the perichromosomal regions (PRs) and in particles called nucleolus-derived foci (NDF) during mitosis. Here, the dynamics of nucleolar reassembly were examined for the first time in living cells expressing fusions of the processing-related proteins fibrillarin, nucleolin, or B23 with green fluorescent protein (GFP). During telophase the NDF disappeared with a concomitant appearance of material in the reforming nuclei. Prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) appeared in nuclei in early telophase and gradually disappeared as nucleoli formed, strongly suggesting the transfer of PNB components to newly forming nucleoli. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed that fibrillarin-GFP reassociates with the NDF and PNBs at rapid and similar rates. The reentry of processing complexes into telophase nuclei is suggested by the presence of pre-rRNA sequences in PNBs. Entry of specific proteins into the nucleolus approximately correlated with the timing of processing events. The mitotically preserved processing complexes may be essential for regulating the distribution of components to reassembling daughter cell nucleoli.
AFRICA IN IMPERIAL AND TRANSNATIONAL HISTORY: MULTI-SITED HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE NECESSITY OF THEORY*

A multi-sited, but nonetheless locally grounded, transnational history breaks with older modes of imperial history that treated Africa as little more than a setting for the history of colonizers. More recently, critical approaches to imperial history have pointed to, but not adequately pursued, the treatment of colonizer and colonized as coeval subjects of history and objects of analysis. Historians of Africa and the diaspora, however, moved beyond imperial history decades ago, and these fields provide important resources and models for transnational historians. Transnational history, nonetheless, always risks reproducing the boundaries between colonizer and colonized that it seeks to overcome. The need to think outside of empire from within a world structured by empires requires that historians embrace critical theory, but in a manner consistent with the groundedness of multi-sited historiography.
Cellular Stochastic Control of the Collective Output of a Class of Distributed Hysteretic Systems

Stable stochastic feedback control of an aggregate output from a multitude of cellular units is presented in this paper. Similar to a skeletal muscle comprising a number of muscle fibers, the plant considered in this paper consists of many independent units (called cellular units), each of which contributes to an aggregate output of the whole system. The central controller regulates the aggregate output by stochastically recruiting as many cellular units as needed for producing a required output. Two challenges are considered. The first is how to deal with individual units having pronounced hysteresis and long latency time in transient response. It will be shown that slow response and poor stability due to the hysteresis and latency time can significantly be improved by coordinating the multitude of cellular units, which are in diverse phases in the hysteresis loop. The second challenge is how to build a central controller that coordinates the multitude of cellular units without knowing the state of individual units. Stochastic broadcast feedback is presented as a solution that meets those requirements. The central controller observes only the aggregate output value rather than the output and state of each unit, compares the aggregate output against a reference, and broadcasts an error signal to all the units, which are anonymous. In turn, each cellular unit makes a control decision stochastically with state transition probabilities that are modulated by the broadcast error signal from the central controller. Stability analysis based on supermatingale theory guarantees that this stochastic broadcast feedback is stable and robust against cell failures. The method is applied to the control of shape-memory-alloy muscle actuators with cellular architecture. Despite pronounced hysteresis and long latency time, stochastic broadcast feedback can achieve fast and stable control. Simulation experiments verify the theoretical results.
Relative Expense for Service Restoration With Different Types of Overcurrent Protection for Distribution Circuits

THE combination of line sectionalizing in the main feeder, individual protection at branch-line junctions, and re-closing relays and breakers at the substation has been shown to provide a cumulative reduction in consumer minutes outage (minutes of outage per consumer per year) that no one of the methods can provide alone.1 Branch protection proved to be of greater value than line sectionalizing.
Relationship between conventional-control-theory figures of merit and quadratic performance index in optimal control theory for a single-input/single-output system

The paper presents a correlation between the figures of merit used in conventional-control-design theory and the elements of the Q matrix in the quadratic performance index that is utilised for an optimal-control-design theory of single-input/single-output systems. This correlation results in a design procedure that utilises a set of curves (Mp, tp, ts and ωd against qnn) for determining the elements of the Q matrix. In addition to the design procedure, the paper presents an analysis of the steady-state error for ramp inputs; the condition that the dominant roots are the same for any nth-order system, whereas the nondominant root for a specified plant is given by s −K √qnn (under the reproducibility condition defined in the paper) and the necessary conditions for an accurate solution of the Riccati equation.
Triplet repeat gene sequences in neuropsychiatric diseases.

The human genome has many nucleotide repeat sequences. These range from a single repeating base to entire duplicated genes. Expansion of repeating triplets of nucleotides in the genome has recently been associated with nine degenerative and developmental neuropsychiatric diseases: fragile X syndrome, fragile X-linked mental retardation, myotonic dystrophy, Friedreich's ataxia, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, and Machado-Joseph disease. These diseases are all conditions of the central nervous system; in all of them, the inheritance pattern usually exhibits the phenomenon of anticipation (defined as progressively earlier age of onset or a worsening disease severity over successive generations), and the severity of the phenotypic expression and penetrance appears to be related to the extent of the triplet expansion. Identification of this pathological genetic phenomenon solves several of the mysteries that surround...
Screening for selected toxic elements in urine by sequential-scanning inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract A rapid screening method for nine elements (Se, As, Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Cu) in human urine is described. A sequential-scanning inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, incorporating a cross-flow nebulizer, was used. Internal standardization with yttrium compensated for the differences between the aqueous calibration standards and the undiluted urine specimens. Accuracy was evaluated with aqueous (NBS SRM 1643a, EPA 378-13, and EPA 476-3) and urine (NBS SRM 2670 and Fisher Urichem Level II) reference and control materials. Detection limits for the system were evaluated from analyses of normal urine materials found to contain low levels of the elements investigated.
Improved water and lipid suppression for 3D PRESS CSI using rf band selective inversion with gradient dephasing (basing)

A T1 insensitive solvent suppression technique-band selective inversion with gradient dephasing (BASING)-was developed to suppress water and lipids for 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). BASING, which consists of a frequency selective RF inversion pulse surrounded by spoiler gradient pulses of opposite signs, was used to dephase stopband resonances and minimally impact passband metabolites. Passband phase linearity was achieved with a dual BASING scheme. Using the Shinnar-Le Roux algorithm, a highpass filter was designed to suppress water and rephase the lactate methyl doublet independently of TE, and water/lipid bandstop filters were designed for the brain and prostate. Phantom and in vivo experimental 3D PRESS CSI data were acquired at 1.5 T to compare BASING with CHESS and STIR suppression. With BASING, the measured suppression factor was over 100 times higher than with CHESS or STIR causing baseline distortions to be removed. It was shown that BASING can be incorporated into a variety of sequences to offer improved suppression in the presence of B1 and T1 inhomogeneites.
Batteries: Knowing when small is better

A battery fabricated within a ceramic nanopore can be used for studying nanoscale electrochemical effects.
Generalized Unsöld theorem and radial distribution function for hydrogenic orbitals

A generalization of Unsold's theorem is derived, giving the sum over bothl andm for products of hydrogenic functions with givenn. A generalized radial distribution functionDn(r) is introduced and its properties discussed. Asn → ∞,Dn(r) approaches a universal reduced form, for which an empirical representation is given.
706: Maternal pregnancy weight gain and the risk of placental abruption: a retrospective cohort study

placental abruption: a retrospective cohort study Hamisu Salihu, Elise Diamond, Ronee Wilson, Euna August, Alfred Mbah, Valerie Whiteman University of South Florida, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tampa, FL, University of South Florida, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampa, FL, University of South Florida, Community and Family Health, Tampa, FL, University of South Florida, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampa, FL OBJECTIVE: Weight gain during pregnancy has recently been identified as a risk factor for placental abruption but the association remains relatively understudied. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between gestational weight gain and the incidence of placental abruption utilizing a highly reliable and tested populationbased, maternally-linked, longitudinal dataset. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort was restricted to Missouri women who had a singleton, live birth between the years 1989 to 2005 (N 1,146,935). Weight gain during pregnancy was categorized as below optimal, optimal, and above optimal according to the most recent guidelines established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Multivariate logistic regression was used to generate independent measures of association between pregnancy weight gain and placental abruption. Sub-group analyses were conducted utilizing pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese. Regression models were adjusted for level of prenatal care, maternal race, age, smoking habits, and the occurrence of other pregnancy complications. RESULTS: Overall, women who gained more than the optimal weight recommended during pregnancy had a 30% reduced odds of placental abruption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.695, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.660-0.731], as compared to those with optimal weight gain. By contrast, women who gained less than the optimal weight during pregnancy had a 67% increased likelihood of experiencing placental abruption (AOR 1.673, 95% CI: 1.588-1.762). The results remained statistically significant even after controlling for the confounding effects of maternal BMI status. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women that gain weight below the recommended IOM guidelines are at elevated risk for placental abruption regardless of their BMI status. These findings underscore the importance of weight gain management during pregnancy to improve maternal/fetal outcomes.
Constructed-Response Mathematics Tasks Study

Six tasks, selected from assessments administered in 2007 as part of the Cognitively Based Assessment of, for, and as Learning (CBAL) project, were revised in an effort to remove difficulties with the tasks that were unrelated to the construct being assessed. Because the revised tasks were piloted on a different population from the original tasks, it was not possible to make direct comparisons between the performance of the revised tasks and that of the original tasks, other than to make a qualitative assessment of whether or not the nonconstruct difficulties had, in fact, been removed. But we were able to pilot between 2 and 4 versions of each revised task, and we could compare the performance of our pilot sample on the various versions of each task. For Mix It Up, we prepared 2 nonparallel versions—the first attempted to preserve the construct-related difficulty of the original while removing the nonconstruct-related ambiguities, and the second was intended to be an easier task that measured the same skills and abilities. For Fruit Drink and Paste we created 4 versions, carefully varying different aspects of the language while keeping other aspects constant. For the 2 tasks from Bigfoot, we varied 2 features independently, creating 2 versions of each feature and therefore 4 versions of each task. Finally, for Forest Carbon, we created 4 versions, varying from unscaffolded to carefully scaffolded. Because the revision of each task was its own experiment, the analysis of each task, and our conclusions from that analysis, are described separately.
Arguing, reasoning, and the interpersonal (cultural) functions of human consciousness

Our recent work suggests that (1) the purpose of human conscious thought is participation in social and cultural groups, and (2) logical reasoning depends on conscious thought. These mesh well with the argument theory of reasoning. In broader context, the distinctively human traits are adaptations for culture and inner processes serve interpersonal functions.
Structure-based turbulence modeling for wall-bounded flows

Abstract The performance of Reynolds stress transport (RST) models in non-equilibrium flows is limited by the lack of information about two dynamically important effects: the role of energy-containing turbulence structure (dimensionality) and the breaking of reflectional symmetry due to strong mean or frame rotation. Both effects are fundamentally non-local in nature and this explains why it has been difficult to include them in one-point closures like RST models. Information about the energy-containing structure is necessary if turbulence models are to reflect differences in dynamic behavior associated with structures of different dimensionality (nearly isotropic turbulence vs turbulence with strongly organized two-dimensional structures). Information about the breaking of reflectional symmetry is important whenever mean rotation is dynamically important (flow through axisymmetric diffuser or nozzle with swirl, flow through turbomachinery, etc.). Here we present a new one-point model that incorporates the needed structure information, and show a selection of results for homogeneous and inhomogeneous flows.
Global change: Chill taken out of the tropics

A paradox in palaeoclimatology has been the apparent existence of a cool sea surface in the tropics under conditions of high CO2 in the atmosphere. It looks as if that paradox has been resolved.
AC susceptibility and NQR measurements on CeCu6 below 5 mK

Abstract We have measured the zero field ac magnetic susceptibility of single and polycrystalline CeCu 6 samples down to 100 μK. For the single crystal sample, the susceptibility shows pronounced anisotropic behavior with respect to the crystal orientation. At ∼3 mK the susceptibility along two different crystal orientations shows a broad peak, and at 500 μK the susceptibility shows a second peak along one orientation and a plateau along the other. The susceptibility of the polycrystalline sample has a similar peak at 3 mK. NQR measurements are under way to study the Cu nuclear spin system in this compound in order to gain additional information about the nature of the peaks.
Hormone-induced hyperphosphorylation of specific phosphorylated sites in the mouse glucocorticoid receptor.

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is phosphorylated in its basal state, and rapidly undergoes hormone-induced hyperphosphorylation after binding glucocorticoids. Previously, we have identified seven phosphorylated sites in the mouse GR. Most of the sites are located in the regions of the N-terminal domain that are necessary for maximum transcriptional activity and reduce nonspecific binding to DNA. Using WCL2 cells, which overexpress mouse GRs, we now quantitate hormone-induced hyperphosphorylation at each of these sites. Addition of triamcinolone acetonide to WCL2 cells results in significant hyperphosphorylation at the majority of the sites. The hyperphosphorylation ratio, i.e. the 32P incorporation into GRs from hormone-treated cells divided by 32P incorporation into GRs from untreated cells, was above 1.0 for all sites but serine 150 and threonine 159. Serine 220 displays marked hormone dependence, with a ratio of 3. For most sites the ratio was about 1.5. Hormone-induced hyperphosphorylation not only increases the charge at selected phosphorylated sites but also provides a substantial increase in the overall negative charge around the region of the N-terminal domain that is involved in transactivation.