cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast conservation among older patients with early-stage breast cancer: Locoregional recurrence following adjuvant radiation or hormonal therapy.

BACKGROUND For patients with breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS), adjuvant radiation (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR). Although several studies have evaluated adjuvant HT ± RT, the outcomes of HT versus RT monotherapy remain less clear. In this study, the risk of LRR is characterized among older patients with early-stage breast cancer following adjuvant RT alone, HT alone, neither, or both. METHODS This study included female patients from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York) who were aged ≥65 years with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) T1N0 breast cancer treated with BCS. The primary endpoint was time to LRR evaluated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS There were 888 women evaluated with a median age of 71 years (range, 65-100 years) and median follow-up of 4.9 years (range, 0.0-9.5 years). There were 27 LRR events (3.0%). Five-year LRR was 11% for those receiving no adjuvant treatment, 3% for HT alone, 4% for RT alone, and 1% for HT and RT. LRR rates were significantly different between the groups (P < .001). Compared with neither HT nor RT, HT or RT monotherapy each yielded similar LRR reductions: HT alone (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.68; P = .006) and RT alone (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.92; P = .034). Distant recurrence and breast cancer-specific survival rates did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS LRR risk following BCS is low among women aged ≥65 years with T1N0, ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Adjuvant RT and HT monotherapy each similarly reduce this risk; the combination yields a marginal improvement. Further study is needed to elucidate whether appropriate patients may feasibly receive adjuvant RT monotherapy versus the current standards of HT monotherapy or combined RT/HT.
Towards Explainable Student Group Collaboration Assessment Models Using Temporal Representations of Individual Student Roles.

Collaboration is identified as a required and necessary skill for students to be successful in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). However, due to growing student population and limited teaching staff it is difficult for teachers to provide constructive feedback and instill collaborative skills using instructional methods. Development of simple and easily explainable machine-learning-based automated systems can help address this problem. Improving upon our previous work, in this paper we propose using simple temporal-CNN deep-learning models to assess student group collaboration that take in temporal representations of individual student roles as input. We check the applicability of dynamically changing feature representations for student group collaboration assessment and how they impact the overall performance. We also use Grad-CAM visualizations to better understand and interpret the important temporal indices that led to the deep-learning model's decision.
Adaptation of Adult Pathways to Improve the Care of Adult Patients at Pediatric Hospitals.

In April 2020, the inpatient medical ward census at our regional adult academic medical center steadily increased as the hospital filled with patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The possibility of reaching capacity became a concerning reality, so, in response, the 434-bed children’s hospital where the authors of this clinical perspective practice offered to accept adult patients admitted with non-COVID-19–related disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed tremendous strain on our health care system.1 Because of the epidemiology of the disease, the pandemic has disproportionately affected institutions that predominantly care for adult patients, with pediatric institutions conversely seeing a decreased inpatient census.2–4 In this context, many pediatric hospitals have offered to admit adult patients. This innovative solution can offload adult hospitals and better use available resources. However, once this decision was announced at our hospital in April, the unease among our colleagues was palpable. Our pediatric hospital medicine group was eager to help during this crisis, yet some providers worried they were ill-equipped to care for this patient population. It became essential to quickly identify strategies to provide excellent care for these adult patients. As a medicine-pediatrics hospitalist and as the director of the Clinical Pathways Program at our pediatric hospital, respectively, we advocated for the adaptation of adult clinical pathways from our neighboring adult hospital. Clinical pathways are a method used to translate national guidelines and best available evidence into a usable format to help physicians and patients make decisions in specific clinical circumstances, improving the standard of care for patients.5–8 More than 80% of …
Economist, historian, and patriot: Benito J. Legarda 1926-2020

One afternoon about twenty-five years ago, there was a knock on my Harvard office door, and Benito Legarda walked into my life. Ben had written his Harvard economics PhD thesis in the early-mid 1950s and then launched his career in central banking and financial policy. Meanwhile, his thesis on nineteenth-century Philippine trade and development was resting comfortably in the archives, where it was soon discovered by scholars and eventually became widely cited. Upon “retirement” some forty years later, Ben had the good fortune to meet up with Henry Rosovsky, a well-known quantitative economic historian who was famous for his Kuznets-like seminal work on Japan. By the 1990s and their meeting, Rosovsky had been chairman of Harvard’s economics department, dean of Harvard’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and had become the retired doyen of the Harvard community. Ben told me that Rosovsky had advised him about retirement life: “Now that you’re retired, Ben, why don’t you return to academic research? Indeed, why don’t you revise your thesis for publication? And if you decide to do so, you should go knock on Jeff Williamson’s door. I hear he has interests in the Philippines that stretch back to his participation in a Ford Foundation teaching program at the University of the Philippines School of Economics in the late 1960s.” Thus, the knock on my door some twenty-five years ago.
A Latent Profile Analysis of Sleep, Anxiety, and Mood in Youth with Craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain tumor that arises in the suprasellar region affecting critical neurovascular structures including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and optic pathways. Children with craniopharyngioma often experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) which may be compounded by anxiety and depression. The current study investigated disparate sleep profiles to better understand psychological adjustment among children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma. Method Actigraphs recorded nightly sleep data, including measures of sleep onset latency (SOL) and wake after sleep onset (WASO), in a cohort of 80 youth between the ages of 2 and 20 years (median age = 9). Parent reports of behavioral and emotional functioning were included in the analysis. A latent profile analysis examined disparate sleep profiles, and a multinomial logistic regression examined differences of anxiety and depression among the sleep profiles. Results The latent profile analysis revealed three sleep profiles: "healthy sleepers" (68.8%), "night wakers" (21.3%), and "prolonged onset sleepers" (10.0%). Contrary to expectations, sleep profiles were not associated with daytime anxiety (β = 2.26-4.30, p > .05) or depression (β = -5.87-4.74, p > .05). Conclusions Youth with craniopharyngioma demonstrate poor sleep and EDS. Those with delayed SOL and prolonged WASO are particularly vulnerable to disrupted nighttime sleep, which may significantly compound EDS. Disrupted sleep was not associated with anxiety or depression, which may be related to the overall poor sleep and daytime sleepiness or to timing, as patients were early in their treatment course. Further study should evaluate the factors underlying sleepiness and daytime function in patients with craniopharyngioma.
Fracture of nanocrystalline aluminum.

Bulk nanocrystalline (NC) alloys are an exciting new class of materials that have only recently established their potential for real-world applications. The tensile yield strength of nanocrystalline 5083 aluminum produced by consolidation of cyromilled powders is about twice that of conventional 5083 as shown in Fig. 1. The material is extruded which accounts for the anisotropy in tensile properties and has a grain size on the order of 50 nm. The elongation to failure is lower than for conventional coarse-grained 5083, however not much different from similar high strength alloys such as 5082-H19: 370 MPa yield strength, 4% elongation [1]. In addition, these materials are thermally stable; heating tensile bars to 500C for 2 hours results in only modest loss in room temperature strength.
Nonparametric Pairwise Multiple Comparisons in Independent Groups using Dunn's Test:

Dunn's test is the appropriate nonparametric pairwise multiple-comparison procedure when a Kruskal–Wallis test is rejected, and it is now implemented for Stata in the dunntest command. dunntest pro...
Chapter 36 – Practical Therapeutics

This chapter outlines a number of practical considerations in the construction of an antiretroviral regimen. Treatment regimens for HIV infection have evolved dramatically over the past 15 years. In 1985, treatment was limited to management of opportunistic infections, prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and zidovudine monotherapy. Clinicians now have an arsenal of 16 antiretroviral drugs to choose from along with a variety of adjunctive and supportive medications. However, increases in therapeutic options have come at the price of regimens that are increasingly complex. Food restrictions, drug interactions, scheduling, adherence, and overlapping side effects have become important factors to consider when constructing an antiretroviral regimen. Keeping abreast of this information can be overwhelming for the clinician. Moreover, antiretroviral regimens must be individualized to the patient. An understanding of the patient's lifestyle, workday, eating habits, and level of adherence is important when constructing a treatment plan. Counseling of the patient is critical to treatment success and even the simplest of regimens require a detailed explanation of food effects, potential drug interactions, adherence, and scheduling.
Geographically Isolated Wetlands: Why We Should Keep the Term

Use of the term “isolated wetlands” in the U.S. Supreme Court’s SWANCC decision created confusion, since it could imply functional isolation. In response, the term “geographically isolated wetlands” (GIWs) – wetlands surrounded by uplands – was introduced in 2003. A recent article revisits the term, concluding that it is a misnomer that adds to the confusion. Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) type and non-adjacency to jurisdictional waters are suggested as alternatives. To address this issue, I pose two questions: is there a need to identify wetlands surrounded by uplands and what to call them? Regarding the former, there is a legal/regulatory need resulting from the Court’s Rapanos decision: to help determine whether such wetlands have a significant nexus with traditional navigable waters. There is also a scientific need to understand how the normal lack of surface water connectivity affects function. Regarding the second question, neither HGM type nor non-adjacency adequately identifies wetlands surrounded by uplands. I contend that “GIW” remains the most informative option. However, the term needs to be applied properly and researchers should emphasize that being surrounded by uplands does not imply hydrological or biological isolation. Further, conclusions from one GIW type should be extrapolated to other GIWs with great care.
On Creativity in Constitutional Interpretation

Schlag Pierre - Distinguished Professor at the University of Colorado and Byron R. White, Professor at the Law School of the University of Colorado (USA). Address: 406 Wolf Law Building 401 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0401, USA. E-mail: pierre.schlag@colorado.edu.In the present article a particular aspect of constitutional interpretation will be considered. This aspect is called “creative” and involves retrieving the meaning of an object of interpretation. It is with regard to this particular aspect or moment of interpretation that creativity is often viewed as something to be avoided, to be shunned. If the task at hand is to “retrieve” some meaning, then the idea that this meaning can be created, in whole or in part, seems quite simply antithetical to the enterprise at hand. It suffices to note that many jurists and legal thinkers believe that interpretation as retrieval is an essential aspect of constitutional interpretation. Constitutional interpretation, is shaped by the legitimating need to anchor decisions in authority. That is very much part of the legitimation structure of constitutional law - important not just to the citizenry, but to judges and to legal academics. Over the practice and the idea of constitutional interpretation have become marked with the forms of this legitimation structure. The notion then that judges would be creative in their interpretations seems antithetical to both the practice and the idea of legal interpretation. The introduction of creativity in constitutional interpretation accordingly appears to deny the authority of authority.
Reduced Expression of Nuclear Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophospate Response Element-Binding Proteins and IFN-γ Promoter Function in Disease Due to an Intracellular Pathogen

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced IFN-gamma protein and mRNA expression have been shown to be reduced in tuberculosis patients, compared with healthy tuberculin reactors. To determine whether this decrease was associated with reduced activity of the IFN-gamma promoter, we first studied binding of nuclear proteins to the radiolabeled proximal IFN-gamma promoter (-71 to -40 bp), using EMSAs with nuclear extracts of freshly isolated peripheral blood T cells. Nuclear extracts of T cells from most tuberculosis patients showed markedly reduced expression of proteins that bind to the proximal IFN-gamma promoter, compared with findings in nuclear extracts of T cells from healthy tuberculin reactors. These DNA-binding complexes contained CREB proteins, based on competitive EMSAs, supershift assays, and Western blotting with an anti-CREB Ab. Transient transfection of PBLs with a luciferase reporter construct under the control of the IFN-gamma promoter revealed reduced IFN-gamma promoter activity in tuberculosis patients. Transient transfection of Jurkat cells with a dominant-negative CREB repressor plasmid reduced IFN-gamma promoter activity. These data suggest that reduced expression of CREB nuclear proteins in tuberculosis patients results in decreased IFN-gamma promoter activity and reduced IFN-gamma production.
Effect of Cycloheximide on l-Leucine Transport by Penicillium chrysogenum: Involvement of Calcium

Cycloheximide (actidione) has an immediate inhibitory effect on amino acid transport by nitrogen-starved or carbon-starved mycelium suspended in phosphate buffer. High concentrations of phosphate alone are slightly inhibitory; cycloheximide appears to potentiate the effect of phosphate. Ca2+ reverses the inhibition of transport caused by phosphate plus cycloheximide. Ca2+ did not relieve the inhibition of protein synthesis. Cycloheximide promotes a continual uptake of 45Ca2+ by the mycelium. The cumulative results suggest that (i) membrane-bound Ca2+ is involved in amino acid transport, (ii) cycloheximide labilizes the membrane-bound Ca2+, and (iii) phosphate forms a complex with Ca2+ making it unavailable for its role in transport. The effect of cycloheximide described above is observed within 1 to 2 min after addition of the antibiotic. This initial inhibition occurs more rapidly with 10−3 M cycloheximide than with 10−5 M cycloheximide. However, after a longer preincubation time, a curious inverse relationship between cycloheximide concentration and amino acid transport is observed. The mycelium incubated with 10−5 M cycloheximide remains strongly inhibited (unless the antibiotic is washed away). The mycelium incubated with 10−3 M cycloheximide recovers about 40% of the transport activity lost during the rapid initial phase. We have no obvious explanation for the inverse effect.
Effects of autoionization on the alignment of Cd+(4d95s2 >thinsp;2D5/2) in the range 680-710 A

The alignment of the $4{d}^{9}5{s}^{2}^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state of ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{+}$ is obtained from fluorescence polarization measurements using dispersed synchrotron radiation in the spectral region 680 to 710 \AA{}. This region is dominated by strong autoionization features associated with the $nf(^{1}P_{1})$ and $np(^{3}P_{1}, ^{3}D_{1})$ Rydberg states converging to the $4{d}^{9}5{s}^{2}^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ fine-structure threshold. The polarization and alignment data show marked variations across the resonance profiles and are compared with recent calculations in the relativistic random-phase approximation in conjunction with multichannel quantum-defect theory.
TPF interferometer architecture drivers and implementations

In this paper, the scientific drivers for the interferometer design are first briefly tabulated and explored, with a view to constraining the possible solution space. This is done by linking the experimental drivers to affected aspects of the instrumental design. In particular, the high angular resolution requirement (of order 50 mas) leads primarily to the well understood constraint on the minimum acceptable baseline length (of order 40 m), while the high stellar rejection requirement leads to an increase in the number of apertures, either directly, to provide high-order nulling, or indirectly, through the need to provide a phase modulation capability. The requirement that large numbers of stars be observable leads primarily to the need for high sensitivity, i.e., large cryogenically-cooled telescope apertures (and to an increase in the angular resolution requirement). The desire to observe the nearest stars of all leads primarily to refinements in the overall configuration, such as the ability to provide shorter baseline lengths in some fashion. Of course, all of the requirements which call for more than two telescopes result in the need for multiple levels of beam combination, and so in increased beam combiner complexity as well. In exploring the numerous goals and derived instrumental requirements, the main conclusion here is that reasonable solutions exists in all areas necessary to effectively carry out an interferometric TPF mission. In particularly, maximum structure lengths remain within the reach of current and planned rocket fairing constraints, at least one of the beam combiners called for by the various pupil configurations under consideration is readily viable, and it is in fact possible to observe stars at a range of distances, including the nearest ones, with a suitable four telescope pupil configuration. It is thus possible to conclude that a three to four element interferometer with baseline lengths consistent with realistic spacecraft envelopes is, in fact, a viable approach for the TPF mission to pursue.
Treatment of benign epilepsy syndromes throughout life

Classification of epilepsy has been refined to a degree that begins to allow identification of syndromes that are benign, if not in clinical pattern, at least with regard to ultimate outcome. Infants, children, adolescents, and even adults, on occasion, develop seizures that challenge judgment regarding selection of drugs and duration of treatment. Childhood absence epilepsy tends to follow a benign course, with abatement of need for treatment in many patients. However, in approximately 40% of patients with onset of this syndrome, there is evolution to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), a form of seizure disorder that requires life-long treatment. One syndrome that is clearly almost always benign is benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). This clinical problem is defined by complaints, observations of behavior, and by a specific electroencephalographic pattern. Some patients are not treated; many undergo brief administration of medication. Infantile convulsive seizures that may be partial or with myoclonus tend to be familial and require treatment for 1 or 2 years. Time is required to make a decision about treatment because observation over time is required to be sure patients are developing normally, a hallmark of these syndromes. Familial groupings of partial seizures in adolescents appear to follow a benign course, as do those in many elderly patients with seizures after cerebral infarction. Treatment decisions require clinical judgment and observations over time. Drug selection is governed more by experience of individual clinicians, because benign syndromes occur infrequently and prospective studies are seldom performed.
Real-time DNA biosensor using passive microfluidic structures

An evanescent field waveguide DNA biosensor coupled with a microfluidic sample delivery system is the platform for our studies. By employing microfluidics our aim is to reduce sample size and scale to large arrays, thereby increasing the efficiency of the sensor. We are studying the hybridization rate in small sensing zones under flow conditions, with a capture oligonucleotide immobilized on the surface of the waveguide. We are also investigating what effect passive mixing structures placed in the sensing zone have on the hybridization kinetics of the system.
Low-energy theorems in supersymmetry

Low-energy theorems for the Goldstone neutrino are derived when there are fermion-boson mass degeneracies as in most spontaneously broken supersymmetric Lagrangians. When there is only the photon-neutrino mass degeneracy, we recover the low-energy theorems derived by de Wit, Freedman, and Bardeen. In the framework of a supersymmetric SU(2) direct-product U(1) gauge model, the theorems are illustrated with the aid of an explicit supercurrent and then verified in the tree approximation. (AIP)
Fission-induced densification of UO2

Abstract A new technique has been developed to study fission-induced densification and hot-pressing of UO2 at very low temperatures without complications from fracturing or other concurrent thermal effects. Thin disks of UO2 of 0.22 to 20% enrichment and differing microstructural stability, were irradiated in the core of the CP — reactor at temperatures below 200°C and at pressures from 1 atm to 20.7 MPa. Results indicate that the pressurizing medium, NaK, had penetrated the open porosity at high pressure and impeded densification. To rationalize this effect, the previously proposed models for radiationinduced densification are critically reviewed. Modifications to models involving thermal sintering and hot-pressing, and pore resolution appear the most tenable. The former mechanism leads to predictions that fission-induced hot-pressing can occur, and ex-reactor sintering and hot-pressing should correlate with in-reactor densification. The proximity of pores and grain boundaries is also stressed. The effect of NaK logging is rationalized by changes in pore surface energy and by stabilization of small pores aginst complete resolution.
New Shape Factors for Wells Produced at Constant Pressure

New shape factors are developed for bounded reservoirs produced by wells operating at constant bottomhole flowing pressure, p wf The new shape factors should replace Dietz' shape factors (constant rate shape factors) when calculating the productivity of wells producing at constant p wf thus obtain more accurate long-term production forecasts. Although the constant p wf and constant rate shape factors are conceptually different, they are close in value for regular shapes (e.g., square) with well in the center. However, for irregular shapes and off-centered wells, the difference is significant The use of constant rate shape factors for predicting the performance of wells producing at constant bottomhole pressure results in over-estimation of well productivity.
Interactions of salicylate, dietary zinc, and genetic strain in teratogenesis in rats

The influence of dietary zinc concentration on salicylate teratogenesis was studied in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Females were fed purified diets containing 0.4, 4.5, 9, 100, or 1,000 micrograms zinc/gm diet, or a stock diet (Purina Rat Chow) from day zero to day 21 of gestation, when they were killed and the fetuses were examined. On day 9, rats were given saline or 250, 500, or 750 mg sodium salicylate/kg body weight by gavage. Increasing drug dose caused increased frequency of malformed or resorbed fetuses, while increasing dietary zinc reduced the teratogenic effects of salicylate, but in different patterns in the two strains. The teratogenic effect of zinc deficiency also varied by strain. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of malformed fetuses was significantly affected by levels of dietary zinc or salicylate dose, and interactions of zinc X salicylate and genetic strain X zinc. Frequency of resorption was affected by strain, zinc, salicylate, and interactions of strain X salicylate, zinc X salicylate, and strain X zinc X salicylate. Frequency of abnormal sites (malformed or resorbed) was affected by strain, zinc, salicylate, and interactions of strain X salicylate, zinc X salicylate, and strain X zinc X salicylate. The results suggest that marginal zinc deficiency in certain pregnant women might increase the possibility of salicylate teratogenicity.
Weblogistan goes to war: representational practices, gendered soldiers and neoliberal entrepreneurship in diaspora

In this article, which is based on twenty four months of combined online and off-line ethnographic research, I show the way that some Iranian diasporic bloggers use their weblogs as entrepreneurship resources during the ‘war on terror’. Through a discourse analysis of a documentary film about Weblogistan and interviews with diasporic Iranian bloggers in Toronto, I argue that Weblogistan is implicated in discourses of militarism and neoliberalism that interpellate the representable Iranian blogger as a gendered neoliberal homo oeconomicus. The production of knowledge about Iran in transnational encounters between the media, think tanks, policy institutions and the Iranian diasporic self-entrepreneurs, relies on gendered civilizational discourses that are inherently tied to the ‘war on terror’. Following feminist scholars who have theorized militarism and gender, I argue that dominant representations of Weblogistan produce different gendered subject positions for Iranian bloggers. Although the masculine blogger soldier takes freedom to Iran through his active participation in proper politics (enabled by his freedom of speech in North America and Europe), the woman blogger finds freedom of expression in writing about sex and telling the truth of her sex in a confessional mode. It is in this war of representation that women bloggers negotiate their subjectivity while shuttling in and out of local and global politics, as subjects of politics (markers of freedom and oppression) and political abjects (not worthy of political participation).
Recovery of rhythmic activity in a central pattern generator: analysis of the role of neuromodulator and activity-dependent mechanisms

The pyloric network of decapods crustaceans can undergo dramatic rhythmic activity changes. Under normal conditions the network generates low frequency rhythmic activity that depends obligatorily on the presence of neuromodulatory input from the central nervous system. When this input is removed (decentralization) the rhythmic activity ceases. In the continued absence of this input, periodic activity resumes after a few hours in the form of episodic bursting across the entire network that later turns into stable rhythmic activity that is nearly indistinguishable from control (recovery). It has been proposed that an activity-dependent modification of ionic conductance levels in the pyloric pacemaker neuron drives the process of recovery of activity. Previous modeling attempts have captured some aspects of the temporal changes observed experimentally, but key features could not be reproduced. Here we examined a model in which slow activity-dependent regulation of ionic conductances and slower neuromodulator-dependent regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration reproduce all the temporal features of this recovery. Key aspects of these two regulatory mechanisms are their independence and their different kinetics. We also examined the role of variability (noise) in the activity-dependent regulation pathway and observe that it can help to reduce unrealistic constraints that were otherwise required on the neuromodulator-dependent pathway. We conclude that small variations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, a Ca2+ uptake regulation mechanism that is directly targeted by neuromodulator-activated signaling pathways, and variability in the Ca2+ concentration sensing signaling pathway can account for the observed changes in neuronal activity. Our conclusions are all amenable to experimental analysis.
Playhouse Shadows: The Manuscript Behind Dick of Devonshire

Even though six annotations by the playhouse bookkeeper comprise fairly slim evidence, I believe they provide conclusive proof that the scribe's copy for Dick of Devonshire , BL MS Egerton 1994, folios 30-51, was the playhouse copy as prepared for production by the company bookkeeper. These six annotations are indeed 'Playhouse Shadows' that identify the scribe's copy-text.
Attributional Mediation of In-Group Bias

The goal of this research was to examine the mediational role of attributional processes in in-group biases among B lacks and Whites. We conducted an experiment in which participants were asked to evaluate a Black or White job applicant and to make attributions for the fact that the applicant was fired or laid off from a previous job. Both Blacks and Whites demonstrated in-group-favoring biases in attributions and evaluations. Importantly, attributional biases mediated in-group-favoring evaluations of the applicant. These results highlight the importance of focusing on mechanisms other than out-group prejudice and hostility to explain people's consistent preferential treatment of in-group members. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
Mechanism of the carrier recombination in semiconductor dots

The time-resolved photoluminescence of semiconductor doped glasses was obtained as a function of laser excitation intensity at a low temperature. At laser intensities lower than 3.3 X 105 W/cm2, only the exciton recombination with a lifetime of 4 ns was obtained. When the laser intensity was increased, the biexciton recombination with a lifetime of about 1 ns was observed. At very high laser intensities, the free carrier recombination with a much shorter lifetime dominated. Relative intensities of photoluminescence contributed from excitons, biexcitons, and free carriers were estimated from the laser intensity distribution in the semiconductor doped glass and agree with experimental results.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dynamics of film

The general theory of films as two-dimensional continua are elaborated upon. As physical realizations of such a model this paper examines: inextensible films, elastic films, and nets. The suggested dynamic equations have enabled us to find out the characteristic speeds of wave propagation of the invariants of external and internal geometry and formulate the criteria of instability of their shape. Also included herein is a detailed account of the equation describing the film motions beyond the limits of the shape stability accompanied by the formation of wrinkles. The theory is illustrated by examples.
Quantification of Customer Perception on Airplane Cabin Lighting Design Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory

This paper aims to develop quantitative models of customer perception on products and/or services. Prevailing methods often deal with this issue using utility theory, which uses normative models to make rational decisions without considering affective factors. This paper takes another perspective using cumulative prospect theory through how human users’ subjective experience impacts their choice behavior under uncertainty. Toward this end, quantitative measure of customer perception based on cumulative prospect theory and affective influence in terms of parameter shaping based on hierarchical Bayesian model with Markov chain Monte Carlo is proposed. A case study of airplane cabin lighting design is presented to show the potential and feasibility of the proposed method.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Magneto-Oscillations due to Electron-Electron Interactions in the ac Conductivity of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas

Electron-electron interactions give rise to the correction, $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\mathrm{int}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, to the ac magnetoconductivity, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, of a clean 2D electron gas that is periodic in ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}$ is the cyclotron frequency. Unlike conventional harmonics of the cyclotron resonance, which are periodic with $\ensuremath{\omega}$, this correction is periodic with ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{3/2}$. Oscillations in $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\mathrm{int}}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ develop at low magnetic fields, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\omega}$, when the conventional harmonics are suppressed by the disorder. Their origin is a double backscattering of an electron from the impurity-induced Friedel oscillations. During the time $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ between the two backscattering events the electron travels only a small portion of the Larmour circle.
Determination of zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine in human plasma using ion-pair HPLC

Abstract A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for the simultaneous determination of zidovudine (AZT)/lamivudine (3TC)/nevirapine in human plasma. Plasma samples were treated using a solid-phase extraction procedure. The compounds were separated using a mobile phase of 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (containing 8 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt)–acetonitrile (86:14, v/v) with pH adjusted to 3.2 with phosphoric acid on an octylsilane column (150×3.9 mm i.d.) with UV detection at 265 nm. Aprobarbital was chosen as the internal standard (IS). The method was validated over the range of 57.6–2880 ng/ml for AZT, 59.0–17 650 ng/ml for 3TC and 53.2–13 300 ng/ml for nevirapine. The method was shown to be accurate, with intra-day and inter-day accuracy from 0.1 to 11% and precise, with intra-day and inter-day precision from 0.4 to 14%. Extraction recoveries of the analytes and IS from plasma were higher than 92%. The assay should be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies and routine plasma monitoring of this triple-drug therapy in AIDS patients.
Ant-repellent terpenoids from Melampodium divaricatum

Abstract The leaves of Melampodium divaricatum have been systematically fractionated by following biological activity in an assay which measures repellency to the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes (Formicidae, Attini). Several terpenoids have been isolated which show significant ant-repellency.
Anévrysmectomie avec reconstruction artérielle des anévrysmes de l’artère rénale à l’époque du traitement endovasculaire : Un traitement sûr et efficace pour l’anévrysme et l’hypertension artérielle associée

Rationnelle Les anevrysmes de l’artere renale (AAR) representent une pathologie vasculaire rare avec une incidence estimee Methodes Une revue de tous les patients porteurs d’un AAR a ete realisee, identifies par les codes ICD-9 , de janvier 2003 a decembre 2008 vus dans un centre medical de soins tertiaires. Des donnees ont ete rassemblees concernant la demographie des patients, les caracteristiques de l’anevrysme, la reparation chirurgicale, et les resultats, ainsi que le suivi. Resultats Un total de 14 patients (10 femmes et 4 hommes ; âge moyen, 48 ± 19 ans) etaient inclus, representant 15 anevrysmes. Dix anevrysmes ont subi la reparation ouverte par l’intermediaire d’ARA et cinq ont ete suivis sans etre operes. La taille moyenne de AAR etait plus grande pour ceux subissant la reparation (2,12cm contre 1.62cm, p = 0,037). Sept AAR ont ete repares in situ avec angioplastie par patch ou par reparation primaire ; une reconstruction ex de vivo a ete necessaire pour trois cas; et aucun n’a necessite de pontage. La duree operatoire moyenne etait semblable pour les differents types de reparation, avec une perte de sang plus elevee lors des reparations ex de vivo. La duree mediane de sejour etait de 5 jours (extremes 4 a 14 jours). La reparation n’a eu aucun effet sur la tension arterielle systolique moyenne ou le DFG. Cette reparation, cependant, a eu comme consequence une reduction du nombre de drogues anti hypertensives pour ceux ayant une hypertension associee (2,7 avant contre 1.6 apres, p = 0.03). Il y avait une tendance pour une duree plus courte avant reprise de l’alimentation pour l’approche retroperitoneale par rapport a l’abord transperitoneal. La duree moyenne de suivi etait de 11,6 mois (extremes 3 a 30 mois). Aucune rupture, mort, nephrectomie, ou insuffisance renale n’est survenue dans le groupe. Conclusion A l’epoque des reparations endovasculaires des AAR, la chirurgie ouverte, specifiquement par ARA des AAR demeure un traitement sur avec une faible morbidite associee. La reparation des AAR a eu comme consequence une reduction des medicaments pour ceux presentant une hypertension arterielle associee. La reparation ouverte des AAR devrait etre la technique de premiere intention pour les AAR complexes, surtout en cas d’hypertension arterielle associee.
Zur Züchtung von Kupfer(II)‐oxid über chemische Transportreaktionen

Es wird uber Versuche berichtet, mit Hilfe von chemischen Transportreaktionen mit HBr als Transportmittel CuO-Einkristalle herzustellen. Die Abhangigkeit des Habitus, der Grose und der Perfektion der Kristalle von verschiedenen Versuchsparametern, insbesondere von der Temperaturdifferenz und vom Fullgasdruck wurde untersucht. Using chemical transport reactions in the system HBr–CuO single crystals of CuO have been grown in closed tubes. The dependence of morphology, size and perfection of crystals on temperature gradient and HBr-pressure are investigated.
Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis

Context Antidepressant medications represent the best established treatment for major depressive disorder, but there is little evidence that they have a specific pharmacological effect relative to pill placebo for patients with less severe depression. Objective To estimate the relative benefit of medication vs placebo across a wide range of initial symptom severity in patients diagnosed with depression. Data Sources PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1980 through March 2009, along with references from meta-analyses and reviews. Study Selection Randomized placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of major or minor depressive disorder were selected. Studies were included if their authors provided the requisite original data, they comprised adult outpatients, they included a medication vs placebo comparison for at least 6 weeks, they did not exclude patients on the basis of a placebo washout period, and they used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data from 6 studies (718 patients) were included. Data Extraction Individual patient-level data were obtained from study authors. Results Medication vs placebo differences varied substantially as a function of baseline severity. Among patients with HDRS scores below 23, Cohen d effect sizes for the difference between medication and placebo were estimated to be less than 0.20 (a standard definition of a small effect). Estimates of the magnitude of the superiority of medication over placebo increased with increases in baseline depression severity and crossed the threshold defined by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence for a clinically significant difference at a baseline HDRS score of 25. Conclusions The magnitude of benefit of antidepressant medication compared with placebo increases with severity of depression symptoms and may be minimal or nonexistent, on average, in patients with mild or moderate symptoms. For patients with very severe depression, the benefit of medications over placebo is substantial.
Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defects cluster investigations: Strategies for identifying candidate genes

BACKGROUND: Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defect cluster investigations may increase understanding of both genetic and environmental risk factors for the defect. Current constraints of most birth defect cluster investigations make candidate gene selection the most feasible approach. Here, we describe strategies for choosing candidate genes for such investigations, which will also be applicable to more general gene-environment studies. METHODS: We reviewed publicly available web-based resources for selection of candidate genes and identification of risk factors, as well as publications on different strategies for candidate gene selection. RESULTS: Candidate gene selection requires consideration of available gene-disease databases, previous epidemiological studies, animal model research, linkage and expression studies, and other resources. We describe general considerations for utilizing available resources, as well as provide an example of a search for candidate genes related to gastroschisis. CONCLUSIONS: Available web resources could facilitate selection of candidate genes, but selection of optimal candidates will still require a strong understanding of genetics and the pathogenesis of the defect, as well as careful consideration of previous epidemiological studies.
Accumulation of thermal resistance in neutron irradiated graphite materials

Abstract A nuclear graphite, H451, and two high thermal conductivity graphite composites have been irradiated in the temperature range of 310–710 °C in the high flux isotope reactor and their thermal conductivities monitored in situ. Data were measured continuously up to a fast neutron dose of approximately 1 × 1025 n/m2 (E > 0.1 MeV). Data are interpreted in terms of the added thermal resistance and materials compared on this basis. Following this analysis it is shown that for the three materials studied, which have significantly different initial thermal conductivity values, the accumulation of thermal resistance is greater for the materials with lower initial thermal conductivity. Given that vacancies dominate phonon scattering at these irradiation temperatures and dose levels, these data clearly indicate that materials of higher perfection have a slower rate of stable vacancy accumulation during irradiation.
Rate Enhancements Brought About by Uridine Nucleotides in the Reduction of NAD+ at the Active Site of UDP-Galactose 4-Epimerase☆☆☆

Abstract UDP-galactose 4-epimerase catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP glucose. In the course of the reaction, the galacto- and glucopyranosyl rings undergo reversible oxidation to the 4-keto-glucopyranosyl ring by reaction with the enzyme-bound NAD + . The UDP-moiety of a substrate participates in catalysis by inducing a conformational change in the enzyme that enhances the chemical reactivity of NAD + toward reducing agents. This is modeled by UMP-dependent reductive inactivation of the epimerase-NAD + complex by various sugars as well as by borohydrides. The present work shows that UDP also activates the reduction of epimerase-bound NAD + . Furthermore, the reduction of epimerase-NAD + by glucose at a very slow rate can be observed under anaerobic conditions in the absence of a uridine nucleotide. Comparisons of the second order rate constants for reduction of epimerase-NAD + by glucose in the presence and absence of uridine nucleotides have allowed the magnitude of the rate enhancements brought about by UMP and UDP to be estimated. The rate enhancements by UMP and UDP correspond to decreases of 5.7 and 4.1 kcal mol −1 , respectively, in the activation energy. A decrease of 4.0 kcal mol −1 in the activation energy for reduction by NaBH 3 CN was brought about by UMP-binding. The maximum increases in the reduction potential of epimerase-NAD + induced by UMP- and UDP-binding are estimated to be 120 and 90 mV, respectively. The results are well correlated with the perturbations of the nicotinamide- 13 C NMR chemical shifts brought about by uridine nucleotides (Burke, J. R., and Frey, P. A. (1993) Biochemistry 32 , 13220–12230).
Speeding up correlation search for binary data

Searching correlated pairs in a collection of items is essential for many problems in commercial, medical, and scientific domains. Recently, a lot of progress has been made to speed up the search for pairs that have a high Pearson correlation (@f-coefficient). However, @f-coefficient is not the only or the best correlation measure. In this paper, we aim at an alternative task: finding correlated pairs of any ''good'' correlation measure which satisfies the three widely-accepted correlation properties in Section 2.1. In this paper, we identify a 1-dimensional monotone property of the upper bound of any ''good'' correlation measure, and different 2-dimensional monotone properties for different types of correlation measures. We can either use the 2-dimensional search algorithm to retrieve correlated pairs above a certain threshold, or our new token-ring algorithm to find top-k correlated pairs to prune many pairs without computing their correlations. The experimental results show that our robust algorithm can efficiently search correlated pairs under different situations and is an order of magnitude faster than the brute-force method.
An historical look at the Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium

Abstract The Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium (BGS) is an annual meeting held since 1970, usually in the U.S.A., on timely topics in the field of geomorphology. A special issue of this journal presents the papers from each meeting and provides an opportunity to disseminate to the international community research relevant to that year's theme written by key people in that field. In this paper, we review the history of the BGS, examine the academic disciplines of each year's organizers, compile a list of the researchers who have made multiple contributions to BGS, note the citation impact of papers published in the annual proceedings, map the spatial distribution of the meeting locations, and categorize the gender distribution of the contributors to the symposium. Contributions from female authors to the BGS have steadily increased since the 1970s; however, from 2003 to 2013, females still only accounted for 23.6% of the proceeding's papers, an increase of 16.4% from the 1970s. These numbers are not surprising when compared to the gender distribution of the top positions in specialty groups in the U.S. Between 1989 and 2010, over 7000 citations were from articles published in BGS special issues, indicating their contributions to the geomorphology field. When normalized by the number of years the articles have been available, papers from BGS whose themes combined geomorphology with other fields (i.e., natural hazards and geomorphology), rated higher numbers of citations. The dispersion of the location of BGS meetings illustrates how the series is maturing by moving away from its origin in the U.S. northeast.