cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some results on finite semigroups

Received September 8, 1965 Herein we state and prove various propositions about finite semigroups. Nearly all of these results were discovered during a seminar entitled “Finite Semigroups and Machines” [7] given by the author at the University of California at Berkeley, 1964-1965. In general, the proofs are applications of the methods introduced by Kenneth Krohn and the author [2, 3,4] or of standard semigroup theory, particularly the Green relations and the Rees theorem, as presented in [6] and [Z]. In Section 5, we use some techniques introduced by Paul Zeiger [S]. In Section 6 we require a lemma proved by Dennis Allen. We wish to thank Nancy Graham and Richard Mateosian for reading this paper in manuscript form, and to express our thanks to the many graduate students who helped to prepare the notes [7]. In the following, all semigroups are of finite order unless the contrary is explicitly stated. Undefined notation follows [I] or [4]. We say that a semigroup C is combinatorial iff each subgroup of C has order one. In Section 1 we give several characterizations of combinatorial semigroups. Proposition 1.1(f) is new and surprising; Proposition 1.1(d) is old and surprising. Proposition 1.2 proves that maximal combinatorial subsemigroups are self left (and right) idealizing. In Section 2 we state Green’s results which prove that $ = L?@ for torsion semigroups. In Section 3 we use this result to extend to arbitrary $-classes some standard theorems concerning the behavior of homomorphisms on regular y-classes. Proposition 4.1 proves that an element x of a semigroup S is nilpotent if every nontrivial irreducible complex character of 5’ vanishes at X.
A case of congenital aplasia of the epiglottis in an adult

Aplasia or hypoplasia of the epiglottis in an adult is rarely reported congenital anomaly of the larynx. Most patients with epiglottic aplasia have presented fatal symptom of respiratory distress and severe aspiration in infancy or childhood. We present a case of congenital absence of the epiglottis found in a 33-year-old woman complaining of recurrent lingual tonsillitis. Laryngoscopic finding and CT scan revealed an isolated epiglottic aplasia and normal appearance of other laryngeal structure. This is the first description of physiologic evaluation in an epiglottic anomaly to find the compensatory mechanism of aspiration prevention. We discussed this case with a review of literature.
Nonlinear and Nonstationary Signal Processing

Stationary linear systems driven by Gaussian processes are the basic representations of time series used in the Earth sciences. A large body of literature has developed around these misleadingly simple models, which straddle statistics, optimization, control, probability theory, and related fields. That fundamental errors of inference are still made in the refereed literature is perhaps a testimony to the subtleties and confusion that arise when statistics meets the real geophysical world. A major journal devoted to modern climate studies recently felt compelled to publish a tutorial explaining the importance of avoiding aliasing errors when sampling meteorological variables; this subject was clearly understood 100 years ago.
Petroleum inclusions atop Unayzah gas condensate reservoir: Signpost for an undocumented chapter of the Arabian Basin filling history?

Abstract The Carboniferous-Permian Unayzah gas condensate reservoir of the Ghazal Field in eastern Saudi Arabia contains abundant oil inclusions indicative of a palaeo-oil column. The molecular composition of a fluid inclusion rich zone at the top of the reservoir revealed a mid-mature biomarker distribution (0.80% vitrinite reflectance equivalent, VRE) that is considerably lower than that of the co-occurring reservoired fluid (1.41% VRE). Side chain cracking of the triaromatic steroids evident in the produced condensate is significantly less advanced in the inclusion oil, as is also reflected in their alkylnaphthalene distributions. The lower maturity signal in the inclusion oil is combined with calcareous related biomarkers that include relatively abundant 30-nor-17α-hopane, C24 tetracyclic terpane and alkyldibenzothiophenes, in contrast to the reservoir hydrocarbon fluid derived from the Lower Silurian Qusaiba shale. Inclusion gas is enriched in the higher hydrocarbons, which might be attributed to a high proportion of oil (or wet gas) inclusions. Fluid inclusion ethane and propane δ13C are very close to the mean of the produced gases, but carbon dioxide δ13C is about 5‰, and methane δ13C 2‰ less negative than the average of the produced Ghazal gases, which may signify more than one hydrocarbon generation/population within the fluid inclusions. An earlier contribution into the Unayzah reservoir from a non-Qusaiba source may therefore be inferred to have had preceded the volumetrically more significant and more mature Qusaiba charges. Further research is needed to elucidate the source of this oil charge and its extent, which could include deep (Cambrian or Neoproterozoic) sources that might be present in the region.
Multiple cancer types in one family.

A family in which 7 out of 9 siblings have developed at least one malignancy is described. Three had carcinoma of the descending colon; one had carcinoma of the hepatic duct; one had carcinoma of the uterus; one had carcinoma of both ovaries and one had carcinoma of the breast and vulva. There is no known cancer in either parent or in any of the grandparents and all of the children in the third generation are living and well.
Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Nodal Prostate Cancer Relapse Using 18F/11C-Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography

Purpose: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for nodal relapse of prostate cancer according to topographical site and tumor infiltration size in lymph nodes.Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with nodal prostate cancer relapse after primary therapy underwent pelvic and/or retroperitoneal salvage lymph node dissection. Salvage was done after whole body positron emission tomography/computerized tomography with 11C-choline or 18F-fluoroethylcholine showed positron emission tomography positive lymph nodes but no other detectable metastasis. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated in 160 dissected lymph node regions (pelvic left/right and retroperitoneal), 498 subregions (common, external and internal iliac, obturator, presacral, aortic bifurcation, aortal, vena caval and interaortocaval) and 2,122 lymph nodes.Results: Lymph node metastasis was present in 32% of resected lymph nodes (681 of 2,122), resulting in 238 positive subregions and 11...
Reissert compound studies. XV. preparation and reaction of the reissert anion at room temperature

The anions (I and II) have been conveniently generated from the parent Reissert compounds in dimethylformamide using sodium hydride. Rearrangements to ketones, alkyl-ations, and participation of I and II in other nucleophilic displacements have been investigated.
DNA COLLECTION IN A RANDOMIZED SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDY OF COLLEGE PEER EFFECTS

We describe the DNA collection processes of an initial pilot and full study, which is designed to investigate joint peer and genetic effects on health behaviors and attitudes in a college campus setting. In the main study, 2664 (79.5%) students completed a Web survey and 2080 (78.7% of the survey completers after adjusting for the ineligible) provided a saliva DNA sample. The response rate for completing both the survey and the DNA portion of the study is 62.5%. Our DNA yields are of high quality. Overall, our experiences and results demonstrate that genetic data can be successfully collected as a part of traditional social science survey research projects. To aid others in doing so, we provide extensive details of our data collection experiences and offer recommendations to future researchers seeking to do or evaluate similar work.
Purification and properties of dl-lactate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Abstract A dl -lactate dehydrogenase from the bacterium, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, has been purified and characterized with respect to amino acid composition, molecular weight, and kinetic properties. The turnover number of the enzyme was 1.7 × 105 moles DPNH/mole enzyme/min for the most active of three preparations. On the basis of a sedimentation constant of 3.52 S and a diffusion constant of 5.0 × 10−7 cm2/ ml, the molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be approximately 64,000. Similar values were derived from sedimentation equilibrium data. The enzyme exhibits typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics except when lactate is the variable substrate. In this case, double reciprocal plots of activity versus substrate concentration are curved upward, suggesting that lactate either activates or stabilizes a more active form of the enzyme.
Individualism and the Emerging “Modern” Ideology of Death

One predominant theme of Ernest Becker's The Denial of Death and Alan Harrington's The Immortalist is the impact of individualism upon orientations toward death. This paper begins with a theoretica...
Asymptotic Analysis of Acoustic Waves in a Porous Medium: Microincompressible Flow

This is the second in a series of three papers that studies acoustic waves governed by the linearized compressible Stokes equations in a porous medium. In particular, we want to analyze the simulta...
Calibration of [14C]plastic standards for quantitative autoradiography of [125I]labeled ligands with Amersham Hyperfilm β-max

The densitometric response of Hyperfilm β-max (HFBM) to [14C]plastic standards was calibrated to tissue-equivalent concentrations of [125I]. Plastic sections with standard concentrations of [125I] and [14C] were apposed to HFBM for 1, 3, 5, and 9 days, with liver and muscle slices (20 μm thick) labeled with [125I]insulin. The relative optical densities (ROM = log10[1gray level × 256−1]) produced by [125I]- and [14C]plastic standards were converted to equivalent tissue [125I] concentrations (dpm/mm2). The response of HFBM to the [125I]- and [14C]plastic standards was similar (P < 0.001). Standard curves of tissue [125I] (dpm/mm2) vs plastic [14C] (μCi/g) concentrations fit second order polynomials (r2 = 0.995–0.999). The results show that [14C]plastic standards are valid for measuring [125I] radioactivity in tissue slices by autoradiography with HFBM.
The geography and climatology of aerosols

Aerosols affect climate by scattering and absorbing radiation and by modifying the physical and radiative properties of clouds. Despite their importance in the climate system, the temporal and spatial variability of aerosols is not well understood. This paper briefly describes the nature of aerosols, their influence on the climate system and methods for quantifying atmospheric turbidity, which is the total column amount of aerosol. The main focus of the paper is a review of turbidity research that serves to document how and why aerosols vary over time and space. This analysis reveals that temporal and spatial variability in aerosol emissions is superimposed by temporal and/or spatial variability in meteorological and climatic factors. These factors include variability in wind speed, humidity, stability, insolation, frontal and cyclonic activity, the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the polar front, rates of precipitation and convection, and the source regions of air masses. This interact...
Preliminary results of a phase I trial of prophylactic ethanol-lock administration to prevent mediport catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Background Catheter-related bloodstream infections remain costly with no simple prevention. We report preliminary results of a phase I trial of ethanol-lock administration to prevent mediport catheter-related bloodstream infections in children.
Growth Control in Capillary Endothelium

A network of capillary blood vessels supplies the nutritional needs of every part of the body. The endothelial cells lining these capillaries comprise a tissue of approximately 2 kg in a 70-kg human. These endothelial cells perform a variety of metabolic, immunological, and hemostatic functions (Ryan and Ryan, 1981; Pober et al., 1983; Loskutoff and Levin, 1984), but they rarely proliferate. Their rate of replication is usually so low that turnover times are measured in thousands of days (Folkman and Cotran, 1976; Denekamp and Hobson, 1984). By contrast, the turnover of intestinal mucosa is approximately 3 days and that of bone marrow about 5 days. However, with an appropriate stimulus, capillary endothelial cells can begin rapid proliferation and achieve turnover times almost as fast as bone marrow cells. Capillary endothelial cells proliferate most actively during angiogenesis, i.e., when new capillaries are being formed.
Monoclonal antibodies against serotype specific and conserved epitopes in morphotype E Escherichia coli flagellins.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to examine the interrelationships between morphologically identical flagellar filaments from Escherichia coli H serotype belonging to morphotype E. Serotype specific mAbs recognised epitopes exposed on the surface of flagellar filaments from H1, H7, H23, H49 and H51, but were inaccessible to immunolabelling in H45. Several mAbs which recognised conserved epitopes were also examined. mAb 7–56.1 recognised an epitope present in all morphotype E flagellins but not expressed on the filaments surface. Similarly, mAb 1–5.1 recognised an internal epitope shared only by serotypes H1 and H2. Serotype H23 expressed a surface epitope which was present but not surface exposed in H7, H1 and H45 filaments.
THE SOLID‐PHASE SYNTHESIS OF α‐MELANOTROPIN HYDRAZIDE

The solid-phase synthesis of α-melanotropin hydrazide, a new analog of α-MSH, is described. Cleavage of the partially protected peptide from the solid support was accomplished with hydrazine in dimethylformamide. The protecting groups were removed with sodium in liquid ammonia and the product was purified by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose to give a highly purified and melanotropically active tridecapeptide.
Reaktionen von Chloracetaldehyd mit aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Phenolen und Phenoläthern

Durch Kondensation von Chloracetaldehyd mit aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Phenolen, Phenolathern bzw. Thiophenolathern und Umlagerung der Kondensationsprodukte bei erhohter Temperatur konnen in einfacher Weise mit z. T. ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten 4.4′-disubstituierte Stilbene gewonnen werden. Reactions of Chloroacetaldehyde with Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Phenols, and Phenol Ethers By condensation of chloroacetaldehyde with aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and phenol or thiophenol ethers, and rearrangement of the condensation products at higher temperature, 4,4-disubstituted stilbenes can be synthesized in a simple way with sometimes excellent yields.
Hemoglobin contrast in magnetomotive optical Doppler tomography

We introduce a novel contrast mechanism for imaging blood flow by use of magnetomotive optical Doppler tomography (MM-ODT), which combines an externally applied temporally oscillating high-strength magnetic field with ODT to detect erythrocytes moving according to the field gradient. Hemoglobin contrast was demonstrated in a capillary tube filled with moving blood by imaging the Doppler frequency shift, which was observed independently of blood flow rate and direction. Results suggest that MM-ODT may be a promising technique with which to image blood flow.
Teacher Beliefs About Educational Software: A Delphi Study.

AbstractA Delphi method was used to determine the extent to which current educational software was meeting the needs of teachers; as well as what changes needed to occur in educational software to make it more effective. Five overarching themes emerged: (a) instructional design issues, (b) curriculum, (c) materials, (d) cost, and (e) meeting specific needs. The cost of software was a concern throughout the study. The belief that educational software should be grounded in both content and purpose was also a major concern. Deficiencies and suggestions for improvement were found.
The Ability of the Broiler Chicken to Compensate for Early Growth Depression

Abstract Previous work at this laboratory demonstrated that broiler chicks could compensate by market age from early growth depression when reduced brooding temperature was the deterrent. Lott (1971) demonstrated diets which depressed broiler body weight at 4 weeks of age. The major diet differences were dietary energy levels. In an attempt to determine if the compensatory ability phenomenon could be utilized in broiler diet formulations for possible economic gain, 3 trials utilizing a total of 2,736 commercial broiler chickens were conducted. Results obtained showed that birds fed a diet containing 3141 kcal. of M.E./kg. had a 4% reduction in body weight at 4 weeks of age, as compared to birds fed a diet containing 3306 kcal. of M.E./kg. By 8 weeks of age the males were able to compensate for the 4% reduction in 4-week body weight when fed a high-energy diet containing 3372 kcal. of M.E./kg. Females could compensate for the 4% reduction in 4-week weight by 8 weeks of age when fed diets containing either 3207 or 3372 kcal. of M.E./kg. The percentage ether extract of the carcass at market age increased, however, for the groups demonstrating compensatory weight gain ability. Feed required per unit of gain increased as energy content of diet combinations decreased.
Thermal metamorphism of primitive meteorites—VII. Mineralogy-petrology of heated Murchison (C2) and alteration of C30 and other chondrites

Alterations caused by week-long heating of Murchison in a low-pressure environment at 400-1400 C are of two types: thermodynamically favored kinetically controlled or thermodynamically controlled rapid processes. Kinetically controlled changes pertinent to chondritic evolution and which vary progressively with temperature in heated Murchison include: chondrule blurring; matrix coarsening; increasing mean Fa and Fs contents of ferromagnesian silicates; equilibration of olivine; increasing Mg/Si, Ca/Si, Al/Si, and Cr/Si and decreasing Fe/Si, Ni/Si, and S/Si in matrix; Cr loss from kamacite; and homogenization and Ni-zoning in taenite at high temperatures. Low-temperature thermodynamically controlled changes include: transformation of high-Ni troilite to low-Ni and formation of Ni- and Co-rich metal from pentlandite. High-temperature changes include formation of Cr-rich magnetite and formation of a Ni-rich sulfide similar to that found in highly altered chondrites. Trends resulting from processes of both kinds in Murchison are consistent with characteristics of a postulated C30 metamorphic suite, while those changes caused by reactions of the second kind are similar to those in heavily shock-heated ordinary chondrites and the heavily metamorphosed C5-6 chondrite, Mulga West. Either the simulations support the metamorphic origin of the C30 suite and other thermally induced changes or the natural alterations support the utility of laboratory simulations in studying meteoritic evolution.
Development of the Diabetes Education, Counseling, Information Delivery and Evaluation (DECIDE) Program: A Health Promotion Intervention For Preadolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Careful attention to self-care behaviors is crucial to achieving good health outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Despite the unequivocal research findings that adolescence is a time of poor metabolic control among affected individuals, there have been few prevention efforts geared toward health promotion in this age group. The diabetes education, counseling and information delivery, and evaluation (DECIDE) Program is intended to prevent the deterioration of self-care behaviors often evident during adolescence by intervening during the earlier, more stable time period of preadolescence. This paper describes the foundation for the DECIDE Program and outlines intervention development, current study recruitment, and preliminary program evaluation data. Findings indicate that enrollment into the program is feasible among children and their parents; early feedback suggests that parents and children are also satisfied with their participation. The challenges of conducting randomized controlled trials in health promotion for childhood diabetes are discussed, and ideas are offered for future research directions to improve the integration of child health psychology with public health approaches in this population.
Electron microscopy of ribonucleoprotein particles from E. Coli

Four kinds of ribonucleoprotein particles from E. coli characterized by the sedimentation constants 30, 50, 70 and 100 S were observed in shadow cast specimens and measured. The 30 and 50 S particles are apparently produced by a splitting of the 70S, while the 100 S material consists of dimers of the 70S which form at high concentrations of Mg++. As dried and prepared for electron microscopy, 30S particles are asymmetric, representable by a prolate ellipsoid 95 × 170 A. The 50 S particles are more nearly spherical and represented by an oblate ellipsoid 170 × 140 A. Volumes calculated from these dimensions are in excellent agreement with those deduced from physical chemical data. 70 S particles exhibit an undefined substructure and are not closely representable as ellipsoids, but the diameter and height are estimated to be approximately 200 and 170 A respectively. The results in general confirm and supplement the physical chemical studies of Tissieres and co-workers on these same materials.
Local Temperature Evolution during Nanoparticle Hyperthermia Probed by Fluorescence Thermometry

Here we investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of temperature around heating nanoparticles held in varies spatial geometries. We compare isolated nanoparticles to ones aligned along an axis inside magnetotactic bacteria, to cell-bound ones, whereby the density is varied to change the particle-particle interaction. The nanoparticles or the cell membrane are labeled with fluorophores whose fluorescence intensity and lifetime are reduced with increasing temperature (TAMRA or Dylight for the particles, GFP tagged proteins for the cell). We use superparamagnetic nanoparticles which were heated by radio-frequency magnetic fields in a custom built set-up permitting simultaneous fluorescence imaging. We studied the differences in the nature of heat dissipation between particles bound to cell membranes and particles in suspension, undergoing Brownian motion. A comparative study of the geometric effects arising from particle arrangement and placement within the cells have also been studied. We find local heating to be strongly dependent on geometric particle arrangement, as well as on the relaxation mechanism of the nanoparticles, Brownian or Neel relaxation. To aid the understanding of the theoretical aspects of nanoscale heat transfer we incorporate simulations of the nanoparticle heating mechanism and heat dissipation in our study. Together, these results provide insights on efficient experimental designs for biomedical application of nanoparticle heating in-vivo.
A reconfigurable dual-band circularly polarizing miniturized conformal patch antenna exhibiting small frequency ratios

A reconfigurable dual-band circularly polarizing conformal patch antenna is demonstrated in the S-band. The dual-band behavior is achieved via the implementation of reactive end-loading without the use of shorting pins or any other connection to ground. Through the integration of variable capacitive or resistive elements into the reactive end-load, it is demonstrated that the second resonance frequency can be varied whereas the fundamental resonance remains unaffected.
Design of a block copolymer solar cell

Abstract A photovoltaic device based on conjugated block copolymers has been designed and preliminarily examined by the recent development of target block copolymers. The unique feature of the device includes a bridge–donor–bridge–acceptor-type of block copolymer primary structure, where donor and acceptor are conjugated polymer blocks and bridge is a non-conjugated and flexible chain, a π orbital stacked and conjugated chain self-assembled and ordered secondary structure, and a donor/acceptor asymmetric layers sandwiched donor/acceptor columnar tertiary structure. This device is expected to improve the photovoltaic power conversion efficiency significantly in comparison to most existing organic-based donor/acceptor binary photovoltaic devices due to the reduction of exciton loss, the carrier loss, as well as the photon loss via three-dimensional space and energy level optimizations.
Teaching caregivers to implement an augmentative and alternative communication intervention to an adult with ASD

Abstract Many researchers have investigated the effectiveness of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems on improving communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication complex needs (CCN); however, few studies included adults with ASD. Also, there is a lack of research on primary caregiver implemented interventions with high treatment fidelity although primary caregiver-implemented interventions have been used effectively with adults with ASD and their families. This study investigated the accuracy of primary caregivers’ implementation of a tablet-computer based AAC system while they were providing instruction to an adult with ASD. Also, independent use of AAC system of the participant was examined. We implemented a multiple probe design across three instructional coaching steps to examine the accuracy of the caregivers’ AAC implementation. One adult with autism and CCN and his four primary caregivers participated in this study, twice a week for seven weeks. Both visual and statistical analyses were utilized. Results indicated that, with instructional coaching, all of the caregivers were able to implement the procedures of the AAC mode with the participant accurately, as demonstrated via visual inspection and statistical analyses. Nevertheless, there was little improvement in the participant's independent use of the AAC mode. Limitations and suggestions for future researchers are discussed.
Transform spectrometer based on measuring the periodicity of Talbot self-images

We demonstrate a compact transform spectrometer based on measuring the periodicity of Talbot self-images. The system has no moving parts; it contains only a tilted absorption grating that is imaged onto a CCD camera. The linear architecture of the system makes it possible to use this design in imaging arrays of spectrometers. Unlike other transform spectrometers, its resolution is independent of wavelength.
Innermost stable circular orbit of binary black holes

We introduce a new method to construct solutions to the constraint equations of general relativity describing binary black holes in quasicircular orbit. Black hole pairs with arbitrary momenta can be constructed with a simple method recently suggested by Brandt and Br\"ugmann, and quasicircular orbits can then be found by locating a minimum in the binding energy along sequences of constant horizon area. This approach produces binary black holes in a ``three-sheeted'' manifold structure, as opposed to the ``two-sheeted'' structure in the conformal-imaging approach adopted earlier by Cook. We focus on locating the innermost stable circular orbit and compare with earlier calculations. Our results confirm those of Cook and imply that the underlying manifold structure has a very small effect on the location of the innermost stable circular orbit.
Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina (Zosteraceae). II. Pollen transport in flow fields and capture by stigmas.

Flow chamber observations of the filamentous pollen of Zostera marina L. (Potamogetonales) revealed that pollen rotated and moved toward inflorescences where they were captured by stigmas. The mechanics of this abiotic pollination process were examined and found to be related to the flow environment around emergent flowers. The translational movement of pollen was imparted by the advection of the fluid (e.g., pollen kinetic energy, K, ranged from 0.8 x 10-14 to 2.4 x 10-14 J, and the average K of the fluid was _ 0.7 x 10-14 J), while the rotational motion was imparted by the fluid shear stress (tau) within the velocity gradient (e.g., pollen shear stress, sigmat = omegamu where omega is the rotational velocity and mu is the dynamic viscosity, ranged from 3.4 x 10-4 to 26 x 10-4 Pa, and the average fluid shear stress was tau _ 10 x 10-4 Pa; Ackerman, 1997, American Journal of Botany 84: 1099-1109). These results indicate that there is a greater potential for pollination by filamentous pollen relative to spherical pollen. Functionally, while spherical pollen needs to be directly upstream from stigmas to be captured, filamentous pollen need only be in the vicinity of inflorescences and flowers to be captured by stigmas. Thus, in addition to direct interception on stigmas, filamentous pollen can be captured while they rotate past flowers or when they are redirected through the velocity gradient towards flowers. Filamentous pollen is an adaptation to submarine pollination in seagrasses.
Release of low density lipoprotein from its cell surface receptor by sulfated glycosaminoglycans

The sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparin, was found to release 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein (125I-LDL) from its receptor site on the surface of normal human fibroblasts. Measurement of the amount of 125I-LDL released by heparin permitted the resolution of the total cellular uptake of 125I-LDL at 37°C into two components: first, an initial rapid, high affinity binding of the lipoprotein to the surface receptor, from which the 125I-LDL could be released by heparin, and second, a slower process attributable to an endocytosis of the receptor-bound lipoprotein, which rendered it resistant to heparin release. At 4°C the amount of heparin-releasable 125I-LDL was similar to that at 37°C, but interiorization of the lipoprotein did not occur at the lower temperature. The physiologic importance of the cell surface LDL receptor was emphasized by the finding that mutant fibroblasts from a subject with homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, which lack the ability to take up 125I-LDL at 37°C, did not show cell surface binding of 125I-LDL, as measured by heparin release, at either 4°C or 37°C. Although heparin released 125I-LDL from its binding site, it did not release 3H-concanavalin A from its surface receptor, and conversely, α-methyl-D-mannopyranoside, which released 3H-concanavalin A, did not release surface-bound 125I-LDL. When added to the culture medium simultaneously with LDL, heparin prevented the binding of LDL to its receptor and hence prevented the LDL-mediated suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. The uptake of LDL by fibroblasts is proposed as a model of receptor-mediated adsorptive endocytosis of macromolecules in human cells.
Multiwalled carbon nanotube deposition profiles within a CVD reactor: An experimental study

A number of proposed applications of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays require that uniform deposition of well-aligned CNTs is achieved. The CNT deposition profiles inside a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor are strongly dependant on the reaction temperatures, feed gas flow rates, carrier gas flow rates and reactor geometry. In addition, objects placed in the path of the flow of feed material could affect the deposition patterns. In this paper, an experimental study aimed at achieving better control of the deposition patterns of CNTs is presented. Multiwalled CNTs were grown on a long substrate by the catalytic CVD of a xylene/ferrocene solution. The deposition patterns on the substrate were examined for different furnace temperatures, xylene/ferrocene feed rates and carrier gas flow rates. Small objects representative of electronic devices were placed at different locations on the substrate and their effect on the deposition patterns was explored. The effect of changing the height and the gap distance between these objects was also studied.
High-luminance LEDs replace incandescent lamps in new applications

The advent of high luminance AlInGaP and InGaN LED technologies has prompted the use of LED devices in new applications formally illuminated by incandescent lamps. The luminous efficiencies of these new LED technologies equals or exceeds that attainable with incandescent sources, with reliability factors that far exceed those of incandescent sources. The need for a highly efficient, dependable, and cost effective replacement for incandescent lamps is being fulfilled with high luminance LED lamps. This paper briefly described some of the new applications incorporating high luminance LED lamps, traffic signals and roadway signs for traffic management, automotive exterior lighting, active matrix and full color displays for commercial advertising, and commercial aircraft panel lighting and military aircraft NVG compatible lighting.
Role of defects in the laser ablation of wide bandgap materials

In model wide bandgap materials such as single crystal alkali halides and MgO (nominally transparent), the absorption of laser radiation at 248 nm (5 eV photons) at modest fluences is defect dominated. We describe a technique for imaging the initial defect densities by their luminescence at low laser fluences and show a typical photoluminescence image of cleaved MgO. High defect densities are observed along many cleavage steps, consistent with previous observations of strong point-to-point variations in the ablative response of cleaved MgO surfaces. At fluences below those required for sustained emission, the composition of neutral emissions from the surface can also be strongly influenced by impurity defects, as shown by the intense emission of carbon oxides and the correspondingly weak emissions of atomic and molecular oxygen from arc-fused MgO. We also present evidence for defect-mediated ion emission at these low fluences.
Redundant Publication of Clinical Trials on Herpetic Keratitis

Purpose To examine reported clinical trials on herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis as a case study for the configuration and possible motives of overlapping publications in the ophthalmic literature. Design Cross-sectional bibliometric survey. Methods One hundred and forty-four reports of 98 randomized clinical trials that formed the framework for a systematic review on dendritic and geographic keratitis were assembled by electronic and manual searching of biomedical journals and transactions, excluding meeting abstracts. Overlapping reports were identified by comparing methods and results. Main articles giving the most detailed results among overlapping reports were contrasted with trial reports without duplication. Annual citation rates since publication were estimated from the number of times each report was cited by subsequent scientific articles indexed in an online citation database. Results Sixty-one articles were published once, while 83 articles overlapped in 23 clusters, of which 14 (50%) lacked bibliographic cross-reference. Of 55 secondary reports, 34 (62%) had a smaller sample size than their corresponding main report. Secondary articles were less likely to appear in an ophthalmological publication than main reports ( P P = .01). Compared to trial reports published once, main articles with an overlapping report had a significantly higher citation rate ( P = .04). Conclusion Overlapping publications of therapeutic trials on herpetic keratitis often had undisclosed or fragmentary interconnections. Subsequent authors cited articles having an overlapping report more often than trials published once.
The influence of seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes on lake levels in the northeastern United States during the Holocene

Abstract AMS-dated sediment cores combined with ground-penetrating radar profiles from two lakes in southeastern Massachusetts demonstrate that regional water levels rose and fell multiple times during the Holocene when the known climatic controls (i.e., ice extent and insolation) underwent unidirectional changes. The lakes were lowest between 10,000 and 9000 and between 5500 and 3000 cal yr B.P. Using a heuristic moisture-budget model, we explore the hypothesis that changes in seasonal precipitation regimes, driven by monotonic trends in ice extent and insolation, plausibly explain the multiple lake-level changes. Simulated lake levels resulting from low summer precipitation rates match observed low lake levels of 10,000–9000 cal yr B.P., whereas a model experiment that simply shifts the seasonality of the modern Massachusetts precipitation regime (i.e., moving the peak monthly precipitation from winter to summer) produces levels that are ∼2 m lower than today as observed for 5500–3000 cal yr B.P. The influence of the Laurentide ice sheet could explain dry summers before ca. 8000 cal yr B.P. A later shift from a summer-wet to a winter-wet moisture-balance regime could have resulted from insolation-driven changes in the influence of the Bermuda subtropical high. Temperature changes probably further modified lake levels by affecting snowmelt and transpiration.
Diurnal variation in kainate-induced AP-1 activation in rat brain: influence of glucocorticoids

Abstract The large diurnal rhythm of circulating glucocorticoid levels was used to determine if physiological fluctuations of glucocorticoids were capable of modulating kainate-induced immediate early gene (IEG) activation, measured as AP-1 DNA binding activity, in rat brain since administered dexamethasone previously had been shown to be inhibitory. AP-1 activity in the cerebral cortex 1.5 h after kainate treatment measured at 08.00 h (4.9-fold control) was more than twice the stimulation obtained at 16.00 h (1.8-fold). These times of day are associated with reported low and high levels of circulating glucocorticoids at 08.00 and 16.00 h, respectively. To test if there was a causal relationship, kainate-induced AP-1 activity was measured at both times in adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy abolished the attenuation of the response to kainate found in intact rats at 16.00 h, indicating that the diurnal fluctuations in circulating glucocorticoids contribute to modulation of IEG responses to kainate. Neither AP-1 activity in the hippocampus nor cyclic AMP response element activation in either brain region measured after kainate treatment was influenced by the time of day or by adrenalectomy. Immunoprecipitation of glucocorticoid receptors from cortical nuclear extracts co-precipitated c-Jun, indicating that the mechanism accounting for the supppression of AP-1 activity by glucocorticoids may involve direct interactions between activated glucocorticoid receptors and AP-1 constituent proteins. These results extend previous reports that administered glucocorticoids inhibit AP-1 activity by demonstrating that this occurs with endogenous glucocorticoids as a consequence of the circadian rhythm of circulating glucocorticoids and demonstrate that responses to kainate vary dependent upon the time of day.
Analyzing power for the p + p → d + π+ reaction at 0.8 GeV and effects of dibaryon admixtures

Abstract A precision measurement of the angular distribution of the analyzing power of the reaction p + p → d + π + has been made at 0.8 GeV. It is shown that none of the existing theoretical calculations, including those which introduce resonant dibaryon amplitudes, reproduce even the qualitative features of the data. It is concluded that our data do not require dibaryon admixtures of the kind proposed for the interpretation of recent data on vector analyzing power, i T 11 (θ), of π− d elastic scattering at the same center of mass energy.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Liver Transplant Recipient with Central Nervous System Invasive Aspergillosis

This is a case report of central nervous system (CNS) invasive aspergillosis (IA) in a liver transplant recipient, which illustrates the utility of enzyme-based diagnostic tools for the timely and accurate diagnosis of IA, the treatment challenges and poor outcomes associated with CNS IA in liver transplant recipients.
Influence of tide and waves on washout of dissolved nutrients from the bioremediation zone of a coarse-sand beach: Application in oil-spill bioremediation

Abstract Successful bioremediation of oil-contaminated beaches requires maintenance of a sufficient quantity of growth-limiting nutrients in contact with the oiled beach material. A conservative tracer study was conducted on a moderate-energy, sandy beach on Delaware Bay to estimate the washout rate for dissolved nutrients from the bioremediation zone at different stages during the lunar tidal cycle. When an aqueous solution of the conservative tracer (LiNO3) was applied to the beach surface in the upper intertidal zone at the full moon spring tide, it was completely removed within one day. When it was applied at neap tide, however, the tracer persisted in the bioremediation zone for several days. The amount of nutrient remaining in the bioremediation zone was highly correlated with the maximum extent to which the treated area had previously been submerged by water at high tide: submergence resulted in nearly complete removal of dissolved compounds from the bioremediation zone. This high rate of nutrient washout was confirmed by daily monitoring of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation zone during an oil-spill bioremdiation field study that was conducted on a nearby beach.
Prediction of fatigue crack growth in notched members under variable amplitude loading histories

Abstract A technique for estimating fatigue crack propagation in notched plates subjected to variable amplitude loading is outlined in this paper. An elastic-plastic finite element model is used to determine the effect of notch geometry and the residual plastic deformations. The analytic model for crack growth is based on an effective stress intensity concept. All of the calculations are based on constant amplitude materials data. Results of this procedure are compared to tests on a modified compact tension specimen. The program consisted of predicted propagation lives for forty-five (45) tests on two structural steels, three load histories and, at least, three maximum load levels.
Iron-Mediated Cleavage of Coordinated 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione by the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl Nitroxyl Radical†

The nitroxyl radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) reacts with diaquobis(hfac)iron(II) (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dionato) in organic solvents to form the salt 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium trifluoroacetate (1) as a major product. Crystals of 1 contain hydrogen-bonded dimers. At 123 K, 1 is monoclinic, C2/c, with a = 19.9528(12) A, b = 8.4100(5) A, c = 15.6966(9) A, β = 91.4600(10)°, and Z = 8. Refinement with 3092 reflections gave R1 = 0.063. From the reaction in hexane or heptane, crystals of the iron complex salt 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium (bis(hfac-O,O‘)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium-1-oxo-O)ferrate(III))(μ-oxo)(bis(hfac-O,O‘)(formato-O)ferrate(III)) (2) were also obtained. Crystals of 2 at 173 K are monoclinic, P21/n, with a = 19.60790(10) A, b = 12.4155(2) A, c = 22.4199(4) A, β = 90.9380(10)°, and Z = 4. Refinement with 12 993 reflections gave R1 = 0.065. The μ-oxo iron dimer has an Fe−O−Fe angle of 146.28(14)° with asymmetric Fe−O distances of 1.802(2) and 1....
Assessment of Pharmacologic Area Under the Curve When Baselines are Variable

Purpose The area under the curve (AUC) is commonly used to assess the extent of exposure of a drug. The same concept can be applied to generally assess pharmacodynamic responses and the deviation of a signal from its baseline value. When the initial condition for the response of interest is not zero, there is uncertainty in the true value of the baseline measurement. This necessitates the consideration of the AUC relative to baseline to account for this inherent uncertainty and variability in baseline measurements.
Encapsulation of Living Cells in Small (∼100 μm) Alginate Microcapsules by Electrostatic Spraying: A Parametric Study

A parametric study was performed to understand the effect of preparation parameters on size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency (i.e., cells/microcapsule) of alginate microcapsules prepared using the electrostatic spray method. The preparation parameters studied include sodium alginate concentration, spray voltage, flow rate, and cell density. It was found that both the flow rate and spray voltage have a significant impact on microcapsule size while the microcapsule morphology is greatly influenced by both the sodium alginate concentration and spray voltage. To obtain small ( approximately 100 mum) cell-loaded microcapsules with good morphology (i.e., round in shape and uniform in size) and high encapsulation efficiency (>5 cells/microcapsule), the optimal ranges of spray voltage, flow rate, alginate concentration, and cell density are from 1.6-1.8 kV, 1.5-3 ml/h, >1.5% (w/v), and (3-5)x10(6) cells/ml, respectively. Under optimal preparation conditions, cells were found to survive the microencapsulation process well.
SU‐FF‐J‐107: Tumor‐Delineation Uncertainties in FDG‐PET and FMISO‐PET Images and the Effect On Radiation Therapy Plans

Purpose: To quantify the uncertainties in tumor boundary delineation in head and neck and lungcancer patients using FDG‐PET and FMISO‐PET images and evaluate the dosimetric impact on radiotherapy plans. Method and Materials: We contoured FDG‐PET and FMISO‐PET based tumor volumes using images from the GE Advance PET scanner. We use the autocontour function of the ADAC/Pinnacle radiation planning system to delineate tumor boundaries at successively higher PET signal levels. CT‐based tumor volumes are also contoured by a physician on coregistered PET/CT images. We generated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) plans for head and neck patients treating 66 Gy to CT‐based gross disease and 54 Gy to nodal regions at risk, followed by a boost to the PET‐based tumor.Results: The volumes of PET‐based tumors are a sensitive function of threshold intensity level for all patients. For FDG‐based volumes, a 10% decrease in threshold translates into an approximately 200% increase in volume. Lesions smaller than approximately 8 cm3 display a more pronounced threshold‐volume dependence. The threshold‐volume dependence in FMISO scans is significantly more sensitive than in FDG scans. Lungcancer patients show a similar trend to head and neck patients with a possible overall shift in sensitivity. IMRT planning results on head and neck patients show that the boost dose limit of FDG‐based volumes depends on the threshold level chosen for contouring. In one patient the D95 of the planning target volume decreased from 7770 cGy to 7230 cGy when the contour level changed from 42% to 55%. Conclusion: PET‐based tumor volumes are strongly affected by the choice of threshold level which has a direct dosimetric impact. Further validation and refinement of delineation methods, including a determination of the proper threshold level, should reduce PET‐related delineation uncertainties for radiotherapy applications.
Why Manuscripts Are Rejected: An Analysis of JIS Rejections

This article presents an analysis of manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Information Systems (JIS) that were rejected during our three years of co‐editorship (Spring 1999 to Fall 2001 issues). The final rejection letters to the author(s) were examined and for each paper up to three reasons for rejection were identified and rated in terms of severity. Lack of theory, weaknesses in design, and poor motivation were the leading causes of rejection. The two most frequently employed research methods were laboratory experiments and surveys, and these were rejected most often due to theory and design problems. The findings presented in this article suggest that AIS researchers should obtain feedback from colleagues at a very early stage in the research about the appropriateness of the theory and the research design, especially for laboratory experiments and survey research.