cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monopolistic Competition Between Differentiated Products With Demand For More Than One Variety

We analyze the existence of pure strategy symmetric price equilibria in a generalized version of Salop (1979)'s circular model of competition between differentiated products - namely, we allow consumers to purchase more than one brand. When consumers purchase all varieties from which they derive non-negative net utility, there is no competition, so that each firm behaves like an unconstrained monopolist. When each consumers is interested in purchasing an exogenously given number (n) of varieties, we show that there is no pure strategy symmetric price equilibrium in general (for n > 2 with linear transportation costs). In turn, if the limitation on the number of varieties consumers purchase comes from a budget constraint then we obtain a multiplicity of symmetric price equilibria, which can be indexed by the number of varieties consumers purchase in equilibrium.
Police Workforce Structures: Cohorts, the Economy, and Organizational Performance

Research has long focused on the size of police agencies, giving little attention to the composition of the workforce itself. Literature in fields such as the military, healthcare, organizational p...
Respiratory Function of the Swimbladder in Lepidosteus.

Many investigators have contributed evidence pointing to the probable origin of air-breathing vertebrates from certain physostomous fishes, which apparently have some organ capable of supplementing respiration in times of need. Certain Ganoids and Dipnoians have been credited with this transition of vertebrates from water to land.From anatomical data alone, some authors have declared the swimbladder to be a respiratory organ in several genera of fish, including Lepidosteus. It has been observed that Lepidosteus and a few others apparently do inhale atmospheric air,1, 2 but so far as the writer knows, there exists no proof that this inhaled air is carried into the swimbladder, which would be absolutely necessary if this organ is to be considered an organ of respiration. The existing hypothesis that the swimbladder has such a function is based upon the following facts: (a) that it has a cellular, spongy appearance internally,3 (b) that blood is distributed to a rich capillary network in its walls, then coll...
Prevalence and importance of pigmented ocular fundus lesions in Gardner's syndrome.

Abstract We examined 134 members of 16 families with Gardner's syndrome for pigmented ocular fundus lesions. Of 41 patients with documented Gardner's syndrome, 37 (90.2 percent) had such lesions. The lesions were bilateral in 32 of the patients (78.1 percent) and in 2 of 42 controls (4.8 percent). Twenty (46.5 percent) of 43 first-degree relatives at 50 percent risk for Gardner's syndrome had bilateral pigmented fundus lesions, indicating that they had probably inherited the abnormal gene. The presence of bilateral lesions, multiple lesions (more than four), or both appeared to be a specific (specificity, 0.952) and sensitive (sensitivity, 0.780) clinical marker for Gardner's syndrome. The lesions are probably congenital; they were observed in a three-month-old baby at risk. The multiplicity of the pigmented fundus lesions and their association with diffuse disturbances of the retinal pigment epithelium in the same eye suggest a widespread expression of the abnormal gene in the retinal pigment epithelial ...
Effect analysis of preventing cardiac toxicity caused by adriamycin with metoprolol and potassium magnesium polarization fluid

Objective To analyze the effect of preventing cardiac toxicity caused by adriamycin with metoprolol and potassium magnesium polarization fluid.Methods 76 patients were divided into the observation group(40 patients) and the control group(36 patients),each group were respectively treated with metoprolol and potassium magnesium polarization fluid,born vein injection to prevent cardiac toxicity caused by adriamycin.Then the occurrence of cardiac toxicity and the inspection situation of ultrasonic electrocardiogram after treatment were compared.Results The rate of cardiac toxicity about the observation group was 10.0%,it was significantly lower than the control group which was 30.6%(P 0.05).On LVISD、LVIDD、Ef and A/F,the observation group had no obvious difference before treatment and after treatment(P 0.05),and the difference of the control group on LVISD,LVIDD and A/F fluctuation were bigger(P 0.05).Conclusion The effect of preventing cardiac toxicity caused by adriamycin with metoprolol and potassium magnesium polarization fluid is definite and the medical clinical could apply in a wide range.
Urologic Manifestations of Polyarteritis Nodosa

AbstractPolyarteritis nodosa is an unusual condition that infrequently presents with signs and symptoms essentially confined to the urinary system. Such a case necessitating bilateral nephrectomy owing to hemorrhage is described. The pathologic findings, pathophysiology and etiology of the condition as well as treatment by renal transplantation are discussed.
Differences in Access to Care and Healthcare Utilization Among Sexual Minorities: A Master's Thesis

BACKGROUND: The barriers in accessing healthcare for gay, lesbian and bisexuals individuals are not well explored. These challenges as well as a lack of knowledge concerning this understudied group has prompted the Institute of Medicine to create a research agenda to build a foundational understanding of gay, lesbian and bisexual health and the barriers they encounter. the primary aim of this study will be to compare the differences in health care access and utilization between gay/lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual individuals using a large, nationally representative dataset of the U.S. population. METHODS: Data from 2001 to 2012 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was pooled. Using logistic regression, we calculated the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of having health insurance, having a routine place and seeing a provider at least one in the past year. RESULTS: We found that gay men were more likely to have health insurance coverage (ORadj:2.13 95%CI: 1.15,3.92), while bisexual men were at a small disadvantage in having health insurance coverage (ORadj:0.82 95%CI: 0.46,1.46). Bisexual men were more likely to have received health care in the past 12 months (ORadj:3.11 95%CI: 1.74,5.55). Lesbian women were less likely to have health insurance coverage (ORadj-lesbian:0.58 95%CI: 0.34,0.97). CONCLUSION: This study contributed to the limited knowledge on understanding the health care access and utilization among gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals, which was classified as a high priority by the Institute of Medicine. Expanding health insurance coverage through the Affordable Care Act and Universal Partnership Coverage may reduce the disparities among gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals.
Religion, Prosperity, and Lottery Lore: The Linkage of New Religious Networks to Gambling Practices in Thailand

During visits to Buddhist temples, many Thais listen attentively for any number that a popular monk might reference while preaching; in the same way, numerous lottery seekers make offerings at spirit shrines in the hope of seeing numbers while at the shrine or later in their dreams. In both cases, the procurement of lottery numbers is linked to Buddhist ideas of authority, sanctity, and miraculous powers and to stories of spirits who grant boons to their patrons. This chapter provides a brief history of lottery practice in modern Thailand and the contested relationship between the lottery and government and explores how various media disseminate specific lottery numbers and offer a forum for the creation of lottery lore and new religious networks for prosperity seekers.
Evaluating Plant-Bacterial Interactions Which Affect Rhizosphere Nitrogen Fixation

The association of N2-fixing bacteria with roots of crop plants has attracted considerable attention. These systems may be able to reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements in several agricultural areas. Inoculation of N2-fixing bacteria into the rhizosphere has been used to augment or produce N2-fixing systems. The underlying assumption in using such methodology is that the microorganisms will survive, grow and remain metabolically active in the rhizosphere. Large populations of N2-fixing bacteria are essential to produce nitrogen fixation rates that are significant for agricultural needs. However, the survival of coliform organisms, often similar morphologically and metabolically to N2-fixing strains, is limited in natural environments. This poster describes a series of experiments that studied populations of inoculated N2-fixing bacteria and the edaphic factors that affected their survival. Our results indicate that the lack of adequate soil moisture and non-optimal pH can have deleterious effects on some strains of N2-fixing bacteria. These factors are important because they may pose substantial barriers to the survival of inoculated organisms, especially in acidic soils or arid regions with limited facilities for irrigation. Survival of the inoculated microorganisms was enhanced when growing plant roots were present in the rooting medium. This frequent observation suggests that the bacteria are obtaining nutrients from the root.
University-Community Partnership Models: Employing Organizational Management Theories of Paradox and Strategic Contradiction

University–community (U-C) partnerships have the potential to respond to society’s most pressing needs through engaged scholarship. Despite this promise, partnerships face paradoxical tensions and inherent contradictions that are often not fully addressed in U-C partnership models or frameworks, or in practice. This article seeks to explore the root causes of tensions from a historical and structural perspective, reexamining traditional models of U-C partnership collaborations. Organizational ideas of paradox and strategic contradiction are then presented as a new lens through which to see and influence collaborative work. A framework for modifying current U-C partnership models is introduced, along with a discussion of limitations and implications for research and practice.
Identifying actionable mutations in uterine leiomyosarcoma.

5586 Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare gynecologic malignancy affecting 2000 women annually in the United States. Little is known about the genomic basis of uLMS and there are no ...
Choosing Academic Librarianship: An Examination of Characteristics and Selection Criteria

Abstract Studies exploring librarians' backgrounds and motivations frequently focus on all librarian-types or on students seeking a degree in librarianship. Investigating particular subsets of librarians is a field ripe for study. Here, we employed a survey of 1872 academic librarians who obtained a graduate degree in librarianship to examine their undergraduate education and their general career paths leading them to academic librarianship. The study found that over two-thirds of respondents sought a librarianship degree more than one year after obtaining their undergraduate degree. A large majority spent time in the workforce before seeking a librarianship degree, with exposure to work in a library or contact with a librarian remaining a major influence on the decision to enter the field.
Transition probability estimation and its application in evaluation of automated driving

Evaluating driving performance of autonomous vehicles is as important as developing automated driving algorithms. In order to ensure passenger safety, evaluation of driving behavior is required before delivering autonomous vehicles to customers. An Interacting Multiple Model (IMM)-based driver evaluation algorithm was developed and it provides various information associated with multiple driving aggressiveness modes. This paper estimates transition probabilities by utilizing those information from the IMM-based evaluation algorithm, which are expected to unveil hidden driving performance of autonomous vehicles. Three estimation approaches are presented and they are tested with experimental drives.
Rhodamine B removal on A-rGO/cobalt oxide nanoparticles composite by adsorption from contaminated water

Abstract Cobalt oxide nanoparticles@rGO composite is prepared by using graphene oxide (GO) as a supporting substance. GO is first treated with ascorbic acid to form rGO. Finally, cobalt oxide nanoparticles reaction with rGO sheets and using as the adsorbent to removal Rh.B dye from wastewater. The morphology and chemical structure of prepared samples were characterized by FTIR, X-ray spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, TEM, AFM and TGA. The adsorption of Rh.B dye on the A-rGO/Co3O4 composite was accomplished under different conditions that are equilibrium time, pH solution, ionic strength, and temperature. The adsorption isotherms of Rh.B dye on the A-rGO/Co3O4 composite could be illustrated well by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin model. The thermodynamic factors (ΔHo, ΔSo, and ΔGo) estimated from the temperature-dependent isotherms revealed that the adsorption reaction of Rh.B dye on the A-rGO/Co3O4 composite was an endothermic and spontaneous process.
Wettbewerbssituation und Marktpotential kundenindividueller Problemlösungen

Ein Finanzdienstleister, der vor der Entscheidung steht, kundenindividuelle Problemlosungen im Direktvertrieb anzubieten, mus zwei wichtige marketingpolitische Fragen beantworten: Zum einen ist die produktpolitische Frage zu losen, ob und welche kundenindividuellen Problemlosungen angeboten werden sollen (und beispielsweise nicht nur standardisierte Finanzprodukte ohne Beratungsbedarf), zum anderen die vertriebspolitische Frage, ob und wie diese Leistungen den Nachfragern im Direktvertrieb verfugbar gemacht werden sollen.
How commenters use online forums as spaces for journalism’s boundary work:

Journalists and online commenters compete for control over news forums. The negotiation of how forums are used, what norms are accepted, and how participants can work together are critical issues f...
Management of Bullet Emboli to the Heart and Great Vessels.

Introduction Firearm-related injuries account for 20% of all injury-related deaths and are responsible for 105,000 injuries annually. The occurrence of bullet emboli to the heart is exceedingly rare. Given the rarity of emboli, controversy exists over management. The primary endpoint of this study is to establish a management algorithm for venous bullet emboli to the heart. Materials and methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar with the following search terms: cardiac bullet embolus, cardiac missile embolus, and bullet embolus. Any discoverable case report(s) or series after 1960 were included in the review. The following data points were collected: age, sex, presentation, imaging, foreign body entry site, foreign body destination site, management, and outcomes. Results Fifty-four articles met our search criteria. A total of 62 patients with thoracic venous bullet emboli were identified with the following distributions: right atrium (9.7%), right ventricle (54.8%), pulmonary arterial tree (32.3%), and intra-thoracic inferior vena cava (3.2%). Only 11.3% of patients had symptoms directly related to the cardiac venous emboli; however, all patients with acute symptoms underwent immediate intervention. Of those patients with bullet emboli to the pulmonary arterial tree, 45% were observed; whereas, only 20% with emboli to the right heart were observed. Those without signs or symptoms usually underwent an intervention (72.7%). Endovascular retrieval was successful in 53% of attempts. Of the endovascular attempts that failed, 28.6% were observed and 71.4% underwent open retrieval. Those who were asymptomatic and observed had no reported adverse sequelae during the follow-up. No mortalities were discovered in this review. Conclusion Bullet emboli can prove to be a clinical challenge. Adjuncts such as X-ray, computed tomography, transthoracic, and/or transesophageal echocardiography help establish the emboli location. While observation in the asymptomatic patient is reasonable in some circumstances, most patients undergo removal. Removal of bullet cardiac emboli is safe with the availability of modern techniques.
Supervising East Asian international students:Incorporating culturally responsive supervision into the Integrated Developmental Model

Supervisors’ dismissal of cultural differences has been found to be detrimental to the supervisory alliance and therapeutic alliance. Although providing culturally responsive cross-cultural supervi...
Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations of Flavo–Diiron Nitric Oxide Reductase Identify Bridging Structures of NO-Coordinated Diiron Intermediates

Flavo-diiron proteins (FDPs) are widespread in anaerobic bacteria, archaea, and protozoa, where they serve as the terminal components of dioxygen and nitric oxide reductive scavenging pathways. FDPs contain an N,O-ligated diiron site adjacent to a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor. The diiron site is structurally similar to those in hemerythrin, ribonucleotide reductase, and methane monooxygenase. However, only FDPs turn over NO to N2O at significant rates and yields. Previous studies revealed sequential binding of two NO molecules to the diferrous site, forming mono- and dinitrosyl intermediates leading to N2O formation. In the present work, these mono- and dinitrosyl intermediates have been characterized by EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopies and DFT calculations. Our results show that the iron proximal to the cofactor binds the first NO to form the diiron mononitrosyl complex, implying the iron distal to the FMN binds the second NO to form the diiron dinitrosyl intermediate. The exchange-coupling constants, J (H = JS1·S2), were found to differ substantially, +17 cm-1 for the diiron mononitrosyl and +60 cm-1 for the diiron dinitrosyl. Notwithstanding this large difference, our findings indicate retention of at least one hydroxo bridge throughout the NOR catalytic cycle. The Mossbauer hyperfine parameters and DFT calculations confirmed a semibridging NO- ligand in the mononitrosyl intermediate that lowers the exchange parameter. The DFT calculations on the dinitrosyl intermediate suggest a contribution to J from direct exchange between the S = 1 spins on the NO- ligands, which could initiate N-N bond formation. Our results provide insight into why FDPs are the only known nonheme diiron enzymes that competently turn over NO to N2O.
96. IMPLEMENTING AND MAINTAINING A PEDIATRIC NIGHT EDUCATION CURRICULUM

Background Resident work hour restrictions have led to increasing night float coverage, reducing the ability of residents to attend educational conferences. A night education curriculum could help fill this void. While sample curricula exist, few have evaluated factors leading to successful implementation. Aim Statement To increase resident-led formal teaching while on ward night shifts from zero occurrences per week to at least three times weekly by December 31, 2018. Interventions Resident-completed surveys provided information on educational needs and indicated formal nighttime teaching was exceedingly rare. Key drivers were developed to identify areas for intervention, including: flexibility on timing of teaching and who is present for teaching, resident understanding of survey results, comfort with teaching skills and content, and perception of adequate time to teach. Measures Several plan, do, study and act cycles were instituted as changes were tested. Weekly data were analyzed using a run chart with six consecutive points on either side of the median line representing special cause variation indicating a shift. Results Nighttime teaching initially occurred zero times per week. Introduction of the curriculum with expectations to teach on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 10 PM with the attending present increased teaching to a median of one session per week. Based on resident feedback and concerns, targeted interventions providing more flexibility in teaching expectations led to a shift of the median to our goal of three times per week which has been sustained for 20 weeks. These changes in teaching expectations included the flexibility on who is present for teaching, the night it occurs, the time it occurs and the duration of teaching. Other interventions such as providing results of the survey and placing a calendar as a reminder did not result in a more reliable process. Conclusions and Next Steps Simply creating night curriculum content does not ensure teaching occurs, especially when overnight workflows and workloads are variable and hectic. Implementing and sustaining a pediatric night education curriculum is possible using quality improvement methodology. Utilizing resident feedback for modifications to the curriculum and allowing more resident-ownership by testing different interventions increased the consistency at which resident-led night teaching was done at our institution.
"Permissive AKI" with treatment of heart failure.

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have proven clinical benefit in management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, there are no guidelines to manage decline in kidney function that occurs with initiation and titration of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system agents during management of heart failure. We discuss the complex interplay of kidney function and heart failure in the presence of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system agents and suggest a clinical algorithm for management of acute decline in kidney function.
Experimental Pellet Shatter Thresholds and Analysis of Shatter Tube Ejecta for Disruption Mitigation Cryogenic Pellets

Mitigating disruptions is essential for the longevity of future large tokamak experimental devices and reactors. Currently, shattered pellet injection (SPI) technique is the most effective mitigation technique found thus far, and has been chosen for the baseline disruption mitigation (DM) system for ITER. To optimally design SPI systems, the survivability of the pellet throughout the pre-shatter flight and the resulting shatter spray must be better understood. Experimental tests of low-angle single strike impacts of neon and argon pellets were conducted to determine the minimum normal kinetic impact energy that pellets can withstand throughout guide tube travel. Knowing the maximum normal kinetic energy that pellets of relevant materials and temperatures can withstand during flight will allow for an optimal SPI system design. Characterization of the downstream shatter spray was performed for various shatter tube geometries using pure argon and neon pellets. The experimentally measured post-shatter fragment size distribution is compared to theoretical models. The most accurate model found from this comparison is a statistics-based model for brittle material shattering that is correlated with the relevant physical parameters of SPI pellets. Extrapolation of the model to ITER size pellets is presented.
Outcomes of Adult Burkitt Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in CR1 Versus ≥ CR2 - a Single Institution Retrospective Analysis

Introduction Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma with protean clinical presentation accounting for Methods After regulatory approval, clinical and outcome data for BL patients who underwent HCT from 2000-2019 were collected. Survival outcomes were compared between patients who achieved complete response (CR1), ≥ CR2 and partial response (PR) prior to HCT. Patients who achieved CR after induction chemotherapy were considered CR1; patients requiring more than 1 line of chemotherapy to achieve CR were considered ≥CR2. Results Twenty three patients were identified; the median age was 51 (range: 17-71) years. 10 (43%) patients were identified as low-risk, 11(47%) were high-risk at diagnosis, and risk status was unknown in 2 patients. At the time of diagnosis 5(22%) patients had stage I-II disease, 17 (74%) patients had stage III-IV disease. Four (17%) patients had BM involvement at presentation and 1 had CNS disease. CODOX-M/IVAC-rituximab (2-4 cycles) was the most common first-line chemotherapy regimen (n = 10; 43%). Eight (34.7%) patients achieved CR1, 6 (26%) patients attained CR2 and 9 (39%) patients had a PR or refractory disease after more than 2 lines of chemotherapy. Median time to relapse from diagnosis was 8 months (IQR was 4-78). Median time from diagnosis to HCT was 7 months (IQR 5-9). 22 patients underwent autologous HCT with BEAM conditioning; 8 in CR1, 5 in CR2 and 9 in PR. One patient underwent matched sibling donor allogeneic HCT in CR2. The median follow up for the entire cohort was 35 months (IQR 4-92). Median PFS calculated from D0 of HCT to disease progression, last follow up or death was not reached (NR) for patients in CR1 and CR2, and 6 months in the PR cohort (p = 0.05). Median OS was not reached in patients who were in CR1 and CR2 as compared to 19 months in partial responders (p=0.055). Conclusion In our limited series, autologous HCT in CR1 is associated with an excellent outcome. About 50% of chemo sensitive patients in CR2 can also achieve long term remission after HCT. This finding needs to be validated in a larger cohort.
AQUINAS' ROMAN COMMENTARY ON PETER LOMBARD

The address presents the recently discovered second , Roman commentary of St. Thomas Aquinas on Peter Lombard’s Liber sententiarum and offers some reflections on work to be done by scholars in the study of this text. The first part of the address presents the manuscript and its circumstances to ar gue for the authenticity of the text. The second part briefly d escribes the character and content of Thomas’ Lectura romana . The third part addresses a concern expressed by Frs. Dondaine and Torrell that a rationalist tendency in the text’s consideration of the Trinity raises questions of its authenticity.
Predation patterns across states of landscape fragmentation can shift with seasonal transitions

Nested scales of habitat heterogeneity may independently or synergistically influence faunal interactions. Fragmentation effects (i.e., the breaking apart of landscapes) and edge effects (i.e., ecological differences between edges and interiors of patches, nested within landscapes) are distinct yet related ecological concepts, linked mathematically by the habitat edge-to-area ratio. Our study quantified the separate and interactive effects of fragmentation and edge on predation using temperate seagrass. To assess how predation and generalized consumption were influenced by fragmentation state (i.e., continuous, fragmented), and proximity to edge (i.e., edges, interiors), we used tethering assays with two prey-items: juvenile crabs, Callinectes sapidus, and “squidpops” (dried squid mantle). We also investigated whether faunal densities (a proxy for consumption potential) and temperature (a proxy for a broad suite of seasonal changes) correlated with predation across landscapes. Results showed fragmentation state affected predation (i.e., crab) mortality, yet edge effects did not. Moreover, the directionality of fragmentation effects shifted across a temperature/seasonal gradient. Predation mortality more than doubled in continuous landscapes amidst temperature increases, surpassing initially higher mortality in fragmented landscapes, which did not systematically vary with temperature. This mortality magnitude “flip” matched spatiotemporal trends in faunal densities between continuous and fragmented meadows. Consumption rates of both prey-items increased alongside temperature and neither demonstrated edge effects. However, crabs showed fragmentation effects not seen with squidpops, suggesting differing foraging strategies used by consumers of these prey-items. We conclude that fragmentation and edge effects have dynamic influences on temperate predator–prey interactions, as faunal favorability of habitat heterogeneity can “flip” temporally.
A Tumultuous Transition

The story of the transition from empire to nation-state in the twentieth century can be told with the emblematic case of India, one of the earliest centers of civilization, the second most populous country in the world, and the world’s largest democracy. The figure of Mahatma Gandhi (known throughout the world just as Gandhi) became—and remains—symbolic of the struggle for independence and self-determination of oppressed people. The evolution of India since independence from Great Britain in 1947, though, is equally compelling as an illustrative narrative of how the poorer countries of the world have undergone remarkable but quiet change in how they see themselves and the larger world. Today, India is personified by its larger-than-life prime minister, Narendra Modi. First elected to the position of prime minister in 2014, his landslide reelection in 2019 is a national endorsement of his conception of the nation-state. Modi built his victory on a strong appeal to Hindu nationalists in contrast to the secularism of Gandhi. And the dream of an egalitarian post-imperialist world, underpinned by solidarity and faith in socialism, has given way to an aggressive market-oriented vision promoted by Modi of a “New India.”
Cardiac Strain Imaging with Dynamically Skipped Frames: A Simulation Study

Accurate lateral displacement estimation is a critical requirement to reliably use cardiac strain imaging for myocardial health or carotid strain imaging to assess atherosclerosis. Estimation of small lateral displacements are challenging even with 2-D kernels. We investigate the feasibility of using a dynamic frame skip (DFS) approach to improve lateral strain estimation for cardiac and carotid strain imaging. DFS automatically determines the optimal frame skip using axial strain information estimated during displacement tracking. We incorporated DFS into a hierarchical Bayesian regularization based displacement tracking method for cardiac and carotid strain imaging. A finite element analysis (FEA) model of canine cardiac deformation was utilized to quantify estimation performance with DFS and compare against conventional inter-frame displacement (CFS) approach. DFS displacement and strain temporal curves showed improved qualitative agreement with FEA ground truth compared to CFS results. Consequently, DFS had lower strain total temporal relative (TTR) strain errors (TTRaxial= 18.37 %, TTRlateral= 29.91 %, TTRradial = 17.32 %, and TTRlongitudinal = 14.51 %) compared to CFS (TTRaxial= 22.39 %, TTRlateral = 30.88 %, TTRradial = 22.35 %, and TTRlongitudinal= 15.87 %). These results show that DFS can potentially improve cardiac strain estimation quality.
Can Generalist Predators Control Bemisia tabaci

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, has developed resistance to many insecticides, renewing interest in the biological control of this global pest. Generalist predators might contribute to whitefly suppression if they commonly occur in infested fields and generally complement rather than interfere with specialized natural enemies. Here, we review literature from the last 20 years, across US cropping systems, which considers the impacts of generalist predators on B. tabaci. Laboratory feeding trials and molecular gut content analysis suggest that at least 30 different generalist predator species willingly and/or regularly feed on these whiteflies. Nine of these predators appear to be particularly impactful, and a higher abundance of a few of these predator species has been shown to correlate with greater B. tabaci predation in the field. Predator species often occupy complementary feeding niches, which would be expected to strengthen biocontrol, although intraguild predation is also common and might be disruptive. Overall, our review suggests that a bio-diverse community of generalist predators commonly attacks B. tabaci, with the potential to exert substantial control in the field. The key challenge will be to develop reduced-spray plans so that generalist predators, and other more specialized natural enemies, are abundant enough that their biocontrol potential is realized.
MixUp Training Leads to Reduced Overfitting and Improved Calibration for the Transformer Architecture.

MixUp is a computer vision data augmentation technique that uses convex interpolations of input data and their labels to enhance model generalization during training. However, the application of MixUp to the natural language understanding (NLU) domain has been limited, due to the difficulty of interpolating text directly in the input space. In this study, we propose MixUp methods at the Input, Manifold, and sentence embedding levels for the transformer architecture, and apply them to finetune the BERT model for a diverse set of NLU tasks. We find that MixUp can improve model performance, as well as reduce test loss and model calibration error by up to 50%.
Forced Journeys: Integrating Lessons about Immigration in Teacher Education

This study reviewed incorporating a lesson about immigration in pre-service teachers’ (N = 45) respective curricula. Additionally, it discussed participants’ responses, their level of preparedness,...
Time-dependent changes in placental mRNA expression after delivery due to delayed specimen collection

Problem Current scientific guidelines recommend collecting placental specimens within two hours of delivery for gene expression analysis. However, collecting samples in a narrow time window is a challenge in the dynamic and unpredictable clinical setting, so delays in placental specimen collection are possible. The purpose of our analysis is to investigate temporal changes in placental gene expression by longitudinally sampling placentas over a 24-hour period. Method of study Eight placentas from individuals with uncomplicated, term pregnancies delivered by scheduled cesarean section were collected and sampled following placental delivery and again 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24-hours post-delivery. At each timepoint, biopsies of chorionic villous tissue were taken from 3 cotyledons to account for intra-placental heterogeneity. The 3 biopsies from each timepoint were pooled prior to RNA extraction. Expression of 382 mRNA transcripts was quantified using the nanoString nCounter system. Fold change values were calculated for each timepoint relative to delivery and a fold-change threshold of 1.25 was used to determine a meaningful change from delivery. Results Based on a fold-change threshold of 1.25, 84.3% of transcripts were stable for at least 1 hour, 80.2% were stable for at least two hours, and 20.6% of transcripts were stable through the collection at 24 hours. Conclusions Our results suggest that for some mRNA transcripts, expression changes as time to sample collection increases. We have developed a web application to allow investigators to explore transcripts relevant to their research interests and to set appropriate thresholds to aid in determining whether placentas with delayed sample collection can be included in analyses (https://placentaexpression.foundationsofhealth.org/).
Housing and the Changing Impact of Monetary Policy

Housing is the leading indicator of the business cycle. The impact of monetary policy on housing has thus unsurprisingly been the subject of numerous studies. Some have also investigated whether the impact of monetary policy has changed since the mid-1980s. These papers to date have relied on vector-autoregressions (VARs). To avoid some of the specification issues of VARs, we employ the local projection method. We find a clear effect of monetary shocks on housing variables over the entire sample. However, we also find that since 1983, there is no significant impact of policy shocks on either home prices or investment. Moreover, as the difference between the estimated impact of monetary policy on GDP before and after 1983 was not as large as the same difference for housing variables, we infer that changes to housing finance, rather than simply more stable monetary policy, deserve some credit for the lesser impact of Fed shocks.
Functional Genomics and Transcript Profiling

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the two fundamental goals associated with the functional genomics and these are: to survey and monitor changes in gene expression through the assay of RNA and protein abundance and to use bioinformatics, specifically homology searches, to predict gene function from the actual DNA sequence, both within and among various species. Functional genomics are the methods by which genome functionality is assessed. Functional genomics tools are designed to monitor the actions of the genome from two perspectives, namely, in terms of the expression of one or a few individual genes and, more commonly, in terms of global analysis of gene expression. As the structure directs function, it is important to understand that, while the genome is static in the sense that the semi-conservative manner in which DNA is replicated ensures genetic continuity, the genome is subject to mutations which can change the function of one or more genes. In particular, the ability to measure PCR product accumulation in real-time has added great value to the study of gene expression by examining RNA as one parameter of gene expression. The term “transcriptomics” is also used to refer to assessing changes in the abundance of RNA in an experimental context, though “functional genomics” is a more inclusive term. Some commonly used functional genomics approaches are microarray analysis, aptamers, nanobiotechnology, gene transfer, PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, RNAi, or RNA interference, SAGE, or serial analysis of gene expression, bioinformatics, epigenetics, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein arrays, mass spectrometry, and metabolomics.
The California 500: medical care at a NASCAR Winston Cup race.

Background. Stock car racing is America's fastest-growing professional sport. With more than 5.5 million paid admittances and another 148 million watching the 34-race NASCAR Winston Cup series on television, emergency physicians are increasingly called upon to organize medical support for such events. Currently, little reliable information is available to assist in determining what specific personnel and equipment are necessary to optimally support a race event. Objective. To characterize the spectrum of presenting injuries and illnesses at a NASCAR Winston Cup event. Methods. This study was a retrospective review of all patients presenting to nine on-site first aid stations from June 19 to 22, 1997, for the inaugural California 500 race weekend at California Speedway in Fontana, California. Staffing of the nine first aid stations was provided by 20 paramedics, 25 emergency nurses, five emergency physicians, nine advanced life support (ALS) ambulances with two crew members each, and a medically configured...
On the Role of a Stock Market in the Bank Loan Market: a Study of France, Germany,and the Euro Area (1)

In this paper we compare a traditional demand oriented model to a non-traditional capital budgeting model of bank lending based on movements in the equity cost of capital for France, Germany, and the Euro area. Using non-nested hypothesis tests and omitted variables tests, we find that we reject the traditional demand oriented model of bank lending and fail to reject the capital budgeting model of bank lending for Monetary Financial Institutions in France and the Euro area. For Germany the results are inconclusive. Even though Europe is a bank-based financial system, it appears the stock market plays a key role in the lending decisions of banks.
Effects of psychological and biomechanical trauma on brain and behavior

The current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have resulted in a large cohort of military personnel exposed to combat-related psychological trauma as well as biomechanical trauma, including proximity to blast events. Historically, the long-term effects of both types of trauma have been viewed as having different neural substrates, with some controversy over the proper attribution of such symptoms evident after each of the major conflicts of the last century. Recently, great effort has been directed toward distinguishing which neuropsychiatric sequelae are due to which type of trauma. Of interest, however, is that the chronic effects of exposure to either process are associated with a significant overlap in clinical symptoms. Furthermore, similar brain regions are vulnerable to the effects of either psychological or biomechanical trauma, raising the possibility that shared mechanisms may underlie the clinically observed overlap in symptom profile. This paper reviews the literature on the neural substrate of biomechanical and psychological injury and discusses the implications for evaluation and treatment of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of these processes.
Horizon Sensing for Attitude Determination

Passive, conical, linear and nutating horizon scanning systems for satellite and spacecraft attitude determination
WING VEIN DEVELOPMENT IN CROSSVEINLESS-LIKE STRAINS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

HE analysis of adult phenotypic differences resulting from experimental or genetic modification of a developing system sometimes yields a useful description of the course of development in that system. Such a description may include, explicitly or not, the ontogenies of the ultimate character differences; therefore, it is desirable that the basic information should include the morphological facts of those ontogenies. At issue here is not only the possibility that the causes of the development may be recognized in preadult structure, but as well the requirement that the structure assumed in theory must be kept consistent with the structure in fact. This paper provides part of the morphological information, in anticipation of any possible speculation, for a phenogenetic analysis of polygenic crossveinless-like (cvl) strains of Drosophila melanogaster. The general information of Drosophila wing development is already provided in detail by AUERBACH (1936) and by WADDINGTON (1940). This has been summarized by BODENSTEIN ( 1950), whose own observations were in essential agreement. The present study is restricted to that part of the total development in which the wing veins are becoming manifest, and further limited by an emphasis upon the formation of the posterior crossvein and its associated longitudinal veins. Within these confinements we not only can confirm that part of the earlier description of normal development, but we recognize new variant patterns of wing vein formation among genetically different strains of crossveinless type. Consideration of these facts will aid in understanding of the epigenetics of Drosophila crossvein determination.
Lester Reynold Dragstedt—Physiologist-surgeon

The influence of an individual on the course of events in history, politics, or the arts is often difficult to assess until the passage of many decades, even centuries, has allowed a perspective to develop. This is often not true in the sciences, however, and it is already apparent that Lester Dragstedt has had enormous and lasting impact on the fields of physiology and surgery. Indeed, it is impossible to read a chapter or a book on gastric physiology or on gastric surgery without being aware of his legacy. Although his contributions have now ceased, his influence lives on, and it seems an appropriate time to reflect on his life, to recount some of the circumstances that helped shape his career and to summarize his major contributions to physiology and surgery. The more important of the many influences which helped to form Dr. Dragstedt’s character and give direction to his career are readily discernible. He was born October 2, 1893, in Anaconda, Montana of Swedish immigrant parents. From these strict, but loving parents, and from the Baptist Church, he acquired honesty, integrity, adherence to the highest moral and ethical principles, and unswerving faith that those who use their talents to the fullest will surely achieve their goals. His father, though uneducated himself, stressed the vital importance of advanced education. He also helped develop his elder son’s mastery of public speaking by finding innumerable opportunities for Lester to give public readings and recitations throughout his youth. Dr. Dragstedt’s career was unquestionably influenced to a great extent by the fact that Anton J. Carlson, the renowned professor of physiology at the University of Chicago, was a long-time friend of the Dragstedt family. It was Carlson who suggested that Lester enter the University of Chicago, and it was Carlson’s friendship which later drew him into the field of physiology. Lester received the B.S. degree
Fever and behavioral thermoregulation in young and old rats.

At standard laboratory ambient temperatures (Ta) of 20–24°C, peripheral injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reliably produce fever in young rats. In contrast, old rats may show a blunted fever, ...
Insulin and Glucagon Breakthrough of Somatostatin Suppression: Importance of Portal Vein Hormone Measurements

The infusion of somatostatin (800 ng/kg/min) into anesthetized dogs leads to suppression of portal insulin concentrations from 58 ± 5 μU/ml to 18 ± 5 μU/ml and peripheral arterial concentrations from 18 ± 2 μU/ml to 8 ± 2 μU/ml, these levels remaining suppressed for the duration of the infusion (210 min). Additional experiments were performed during which somatostatin (800 ng/kg/min) was infused alone for 30 min and then together with glucose to reach steady-state glucose concentrations of 422 ± 8 mg/dl. This hyperglycemic stimulus resulted in progressive increments in portal insulin of 15 ± 3, 22 ± 8, 41 ± 11, 62 ± 14, 77 ± 17, and 88 ± 6 μU/ml at successive 10-min intervals. The corresponding increments in arterial insulin were much less, being 5 ± 2, 4 ± 1, 5 ± 2, 8 ± 2,10 ± 4, and 19 ± 6 μU/ml. In separate experiments, the rate of glucose infusion was varied so that steady-state glucose concentrations of 173 ± 3, 255 ± 8, and 359 ± 5 mg/dl were achieved in successive 60-min periods. Portal vein insulin values in each period were 100 ± 34, 262 ±117, and 596 ± 162 μU/ml, with corresponding peripheral levels of 12 ± 6, 26 ± 14, and 69 ± 45 μU/ml, respectively. Similar experiments in which a lower dose of somatostatin was used (200 ng/kg/min), in the face of similar steady-state glucose increments, resulted in portal insulin levels of 182 ± 62, 435 ± 138, and 512 ± 102 μU/ml, and corresponding peripheral levels of 34 ± 15,141 ± 55, and 188 ± 20 μU/ml, respectively. Somatostatin infusion (800 ng/kg/min) suppressed portal vein glucagon levels to 101 ± 16 and peripheral levels to 39 ± 3 pg/ml. In these animals, hypoglycemia was then induced by infusion of insulin, and portal and peripheral glucagon levels rose to 341 ± 11 and 146 ± 27 pg/ml, respectively. Thus, the inhibition of insuiin and glucagon secretion by pharmacologic doses of somatostatin may be overcome by an appropriate stimulus. Because of the large capacity of the liver for insulin extraction, increases in portal insulin levels may not be reflected in the periphery. However, increases in portal vein glucagon, although underestimated from peripheral levels, were always associated with changes in peripheral levels, because the liver extracts less glucagon than insulin. These findings should be considered in the interpretation of experimental studies in which somatostatin has been used to suppress endogenous pancreatic hormone secretion and peripheral hormone levels alone are used to monitor the adequacy of suppression.