cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential compensation mechanisms define resistance to PI3K inhibitors in PIK3CA amplified HNSCC.

Objective Recent sequencing studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have identified the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway as the most frequently mutated, oncogenic pathway in this cancer type. Despite the frequency of activating genomic alterations in PIK3CA (the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3K, targeted inhibitors of PI3K have not shown clinical efficacy as monotherapies. We hypothesized that co-dependent pathways, including the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, may still be functional in the presence of PI3K inhibitors and might serve as mediators of this resistance. Methods We assessed the hypothesis using resazurin cell viability and trypan blue exclusion assays. We also used Western blot to characterize Ras-MEK-ERK pathway activity. Study design We evaluated this hypothesis in six PIK3CA-amplified, PI3K inhibitor-resistant HNSCC cell lines following treatment with pan and alpha-isoform selective PI3K inhibitors (BKM120 and HS-173 respectively). We also tested the effect of combination treatment with PI3K inhibitor HS-173 and MEK inhibitor trametinib or EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Results Our results displayed maintenance of Ras-MEK-ERK pathway activity in 4 of 6 HNSCC cell lines after PI3K inhibitor treatment. We also found that UM-SCC-69 and UM-SCC-108 cells display synergistic responses to dual therapy. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibition of the PI3K and Ras-MEK-ERK pathways might be effective in some HNSCC patients; however, it also prompts the study of additional resistance mechanisms to identify synergistic combination therapies for tumors resistant to these di-therapies.
A Very Great Landslide State

(1996). A Very Great Landslide State. Journal of Geoscience Education: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 76-79.
Imaging performance of Lanthanum Bromide scintillators with wavelength shifting fiber readout

Astrophysical X-ray/gamma-ray telescopes and standoff detectors for national security applications may require detector areas on the order of a meter squared or more. A fine grained meter squared scale scintillator with mm-scale resolution may require ~106 pixels and electronics channels. In many applications, this can be prohibitive. Since LaBr3:Ce produces significantly more scintillation light (63 photons/keV) than other materials, it offers the possibility of a crossed optical fiber readout approach needing only a few thousand channels. A layer of 2 mm square, double clad waveshifting fibers can be laid in the x-direction across the top of a LaBr3 detection plane (separated from the LaBr3 by a thin glass seal that provides a moisture barrier), with a second layer of fibers in the y-direction laid across the bottom. With an absorption peak matched to the emission of LaBr3, the fibers will absorb the scintillation light and re-emit it isotropically, a portion of which will be trapped in the fiber and propagated down the fiber axis, where the fiber ends are viewed by 64-channel MAPMTs. The crossed fiber layers are intended to measure x- and y-position only. Since only a small fraction of the light is trapped in the fibers, the energy is measured in nine large "energy measuring" PMTs viewing the scintillator through the bottom fiber layer. A lab-scale crossed-fiber LaBr3:Ce imager has been constructed as a protype for this concept. Results of measurements of energy, position, and angular resolution are given. The use of pre-processed Detector Pixel Source Image (DPSI) files, which provide a significant speedup in the computationally intensive reconstruction process, is explained in detail.
Dirac quantization of N-solitons

Abstract In this paper we present methods for quantizing around classical solutions containing an arbitrary number of solitons. These are based on the Dirac theory of quantization under constraints, both in its standard operator form and also its functional form as given by Faddeev. For a particular set of constraints, we obtain an effective Hamiltonian for N solitons which reduces, in the one-soliton case, to that of Gervais and Sakita. The canonical transformation from the original field variables to the new set is explicitly exhibited.
Teaching the History of Tracking Time with Technology

This article focuses on the mathematical value of teaching angles through the use of sundials in the classroom. The history of sundials and the mathematics embedded within them is discussed in detail. In addition, practical applications of angles are included, along with interactive practice telling time with the angles created on sundials. Time as a whole is explored from historical, mathematical and technological perspectives. Further, connections to middle and secondary grade mathematics, practical applications, and technological tools that aid student understanding are discussed. Teaching the history of tracking time through the study of sundials provides a rich learning experience for students in the middle grades; they are able to see mathematical concepts, such as angles applied to the real world, as well as learn new history about a topic they most likely are not very familiar with.
Exploring the Utility of Sequential Analysis in Studying Informal Formative Assessment Practices.

Formative assessment is a classroom practice that has received much attention in recent years for its established potential at increasing student learning. A frequent analytic approach for determining the quality of formative assessment practices is to develop a coding scheme and determine frequencies with which the codes are observed; however, these frequencies do not necessarily reflect the temporal and sequential nature of teacher–student interactions. In this article, we explore the utility of sequential analysis as an alternative strategy to capture the nature of informal formative assessment interactions that take place in whole-classroom conversations as compared to frequencies alone. We coded transcriptions of video recordings of four middle school science teachers' whole-class discussions about density for different types of teacher statements associated with effective approaches to formative assessment, as well as the quality of the ideas students shared. Using sequential analysis, we then calculated transitional probabilities and odds ratios for those sequences. Results indicate that sequential analysis revealed differences across the four classrooms analyzed, particularly with respect to the way teachers responded to different kinds of student ideas. Recommendations are framed for the future use of sequential analysis in studying formative assessment classroom practice.
Predictors of Career Success Among Lodging Revenue Managers: Investigating Roles of Proactive Work Behaviors

ABSTRACTThis study integrated the growing literature of proactive work behavior with career success among lodging revenue managers. Proactive work behavior is a timely, relevant, and important research topic for today’s workplaces in the hospitality industry. The aim of this research was to test a model for linkage among four dimensions of proactive work behavior and career success, among 280 lodging revenue managers, while controlling for work experience, age, and gender. First, the confirmatory factor analyses examined the measurement models of proactive work behavior and career success. Next, hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that all four dimensions of proactive work behaviors contributed positively to subjective career success, but not objective (extrinsic) career success.
Separation of binary solution by liquid-liquid microextraction on EWOD digital microfluidics

This paper reports the separation of a binary solution using liquid-liquid microextraction enabled by an electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids. By EWOD DMF operation, droplets of an aqueous binary solution and ionic liquid which is immiscible with water were created and controlled to perform multiple cycles of LLE in series. It was resulted that each compound in the binary solution was separated and concentrated into each immiscible liquid phases. Moreover, EWOD DMF operation split the merged droplet of water and ionic liquid into two droplets of each phase so that complete phase separation was achieved. Spectrophotometry function was miniaturized and integrated into the platform for real-time concentration measurement. After two cycles of serial LLE, molecules of green organic dye were successfully removed from the binary solution droplet (∼ 100 nL) and left the droplet concentrated with yellow dye molecules.
Feasibility of single- vs two-physician procedural sedation in a small community emergency department.

Abstract Objective Sedation is commonly required for painful procedures in the emergency department (ED). Some facilities mandate two physicians be present for deep sedation cases. Evidence is lacking, however, that a two-physician approach improves safety outcomes. We report our experience on the feasibility of replacing a two-physician ED procedural sedation policy with a single-physician policy in a small, single-coverage community ED. Methods This is a retrospective, before/after, single-center observational study of prospectively collected data from January 2013 through December 2016. In September 2014, our medical center implemented a single-physician policy requiring only one emergency physician, accompanied by a sedation-trained ED registered nurse. The primary outcome was a sedation-related escalation of care that resulted in one of the following adverse events or interventions: dysrhythmia (symptomatic bradycardia or ventricular arrhythmias), cardiac arrest, endotracheal intubation, or unanticipated hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation less than 90% for greater than 1 min), the use of bag-valve mask ventilation (BVM), use of a reversal agent, laryngospasm or pulmonary aspiration. Results We performed 381 sedations during the study period: 135 patients in the two-physician group (before) and 246 patients in the single-physician group (after). The two groups were comparable in age and gender. There was no occurrence of the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were uncommon, and were similar in the two groups. Conclusions In this small, single-coverage community ED, replacement of a two-physician policy with a single-physician policy for deep sedation in the ED was feasible and was not associated with an increase in adverse events.
Heart failure severity, inappropriate ICD therapy, and novel ICD programming: a MADIT-RIT substudy.

Background The effects of heart failure (HF) severity on risk of inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to study the association between HF severity and inappropriate ICD therapy in MADIT-RIT. Methods MADIT-RIT randomized 1,500 patients to three ICD programming arms: conventional (Arm A), high-rate cut-off (Arm B: ≥200 beats/min), and delayed therapy (Arm C: 60-second delay for ≥170 beats/min). We evaluated the association between New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III (n = 256) versus class I–II (n = 251) and inappropriate ICD therapy in Arm A patients with ICD-only and cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D). We additionally assessed benefit of novel ICD programming in Arms B and C versus Arm A by NYHA classification. Results In Arm A, the risk of inappropriate therapy was significantly higher in those with NYHA III versus NYHA I–II for both ICD (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.55, confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–4.30, P < 0.001) and CRT-D patients (HR = 3.73, CI: 1.14–12.23, P = 0.030). This was consistent for inappropriate ATP and inappropriate ICD therapy < 200 beats/min, but not for inappropriate shocks. Novel ICD programming significantly reduced inappropriate therapy in patients with both NYHA III (Arm B vs Arm A: HR = 0.08, P < 0.001; Arm C vs Arm A: HR = 0.17, P < 0.001) and NYHA I–II (Arm B vs Arm A: HR = 0.25, P < 0.001; Arm C vs Arm A: HR = 0.28, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with more severe HF are at increased risk for inappropriate ICD therapy, particularly ATP due to arrhythmias < 200 beats/min. Novel programming with high-rate cut-off or delayed detection reduces inappropriate ICD therapies in both mild and moderate HF.
Tensions within the neoliberal university: sources of change and hope

ABSTRACTFrom all quarters, the attack on the university is deepening; its very legitimacy is regularly questioned. This reflection argues that while there are reasons to join such critical voices, some of which have effectively pointed to the ways in which higher education has been reduced to a pawn in a broader neoliberal advance, there are important critical tensions within the university that must be considered. By describing significant challenges in four dimensions – access, learning, teaching, and evaluating – this article argues that the new neoliberal realm remains contested terrain and that recognizing and working with the tensions provides opportunities for change and glimmers of hope for more participatory and democratic institutions of higher education.
Frequency Responses and Transfer Functions of Time-Invariant Continuous-Time Systems

In the preceding section, we laid a foundation for the time domain analysis of input-output linear systems. In the present section and the one which follows, we focus our attention on a collection of ideas and techniques which comprise the so called frequency domain approach to the analysis of time-invariant input-output systems. Frequency domain techniques have a long and colorful history; they are rooted mathematically in the functional analytic methods of theoretical physics which have developed over the last century or so, but their contribution to the genesis of the “systems approach” to engineering problems, particularly electrical ones, cannot be overestimated. One of their principal selling points is that they appeal strongly to empirical intuition; the meaning of this last comment should be made clear in what follows.
Congested Transportation Networks and Variational Inequalities

In the standard setting of the traffic equilibrium problem, a travel demand is associated with each origin/destination (O/D) pair of nodes of a network, a travel cost is assigned to each link of the network and the traffic pattern is sought with the equilibrium property that, once established, no user may decrease his personal travel cost by altering his travel decisions. Link travel costs may depend on the load pattern (congestion effect) and O/D travel demands may depend upon travel costs associated with O/D pairs (elasticity of demand).
Fully informed consent for prospective egg donors.

In seeking informed consent from egg donors, the goal must be enabling them to make fully informed decisions, not merely securing pro forma consent.
Experimental Constraint on an Exotic Spin- and Velocity-Dependent Interaction in the Sub-meV Range of Axion Mass with a Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Magnetometer.

We conducted a search for an exotic spin- and velocity-dependent interaction for polarized electrons with an experimental approach based on a high-sensitivity spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer, which serves as both a source of polarized electrons and a magnetic-field sensor. The experiment aims to sensitively detect magnetic-fieldlike effects from the exotic interaction between the polarized electrons in a SERF vapor cell and unpolarized nucleons of a closely located solid-state mass. We report experimental results on the interaction with 82 h of data averaging, which sets an experimental limit on the coupling strength around ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ for the axion mass ${m}_{a}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$, within the important axion window.
Trying to Stay Afloat: Reducing Heart Failure Hospitalizations Among Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Patients by Utilization of an Outpatient Heart Failure Bridge Clinic

Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes half of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations today, and is expected to be the prevalent form of hospitalized HF by the year 2020. There is limited data to date on the utilization of outpatient, nurse practitioner-managed diuresis clinics in the chronic outpatient management of the HFpEF patient population. Methods This was an observational study of HFpEF patients seen in the Johns Hopkins HF Bridge Clinic (HFBC) for intravenous (IV) furosemide administration from May 2014 to July 2016. Results Over the study period, 90 unique patients with HFpEF were seen in the HFBC for IV diuresis, 55 (61%) of whom were initially referred after a HF hospitalization ( Table 1 ). Among the 90 patients, there were a total of 664 visits including 197 visits at which IV furosemide was given. The number of visits per patient was highly variable, ranging from a single visit to 57 visits, with a mean of 14 (SD 14) visits per patient. The median percent of visits in which patients received IV diuresis was 29% (IQR 30%). Mean IV furosemide dose was 125 mg (SD 43 mg). Additionally, there were 24 (12%) visits at which metolazone was given, 132 (67%) visits at which potassium was given, and 103 (52%) visits at which magnesium was given. There were 101 (51%) oral diuretic dose titrations made during the diuretic clinic visits. The mean post IV diuretic urine output was 675 ± 412 mL and weight decreased by 0.68 ± 0.60 kg. There was no significant change reported in blood pressure, renal function, or electrolytes post-diuresis. Of the 197 IV diuresis visits, 12 (6%) resulted in need for further management with an emergency department visit or direct admission from clinic and 142 (72%) remained out of the hospital for over 30 days following the IV diuresis visit. Conclusion We describe successful outpatient management of HFpEF patients via a comprehensive, nurse practitioner-managed diuresis clinic. HFpEF patients constitute a growing proportion of hospitalized HF, and strategies to successfully manage their HF in the outpatient setting may have significant implications in reduction of healthcare utilization.
Risk stratification and clinical outcomes after surgical pulmonary valve replacement

Background To determine if RV volume was predictive of survival and cardiovascular adverse event (CAE) after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Methods We reviewed the MACHD (Mayo Adult Congenital Heart Disease) database for patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) undergoing PVR, 2000–2015. The patients were divided into quartiles based on RV end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI); those in the lowest quartile (Group A, n = 46) and the top quartile (Group B, n = 42) were selected as the study cohort. Results In comparison to Group A, Group B patients were older at time of PVR (28 ± 4 vs 33 ± 5 years, P = .011) and had larger RV volumes (RVEDVI 127 [117–138] mL/m2 vs 1 91 [179–208], P 95 mL/m2 and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/RV systolic pressure (TAPSE/RVSP) Conclusion Patients undergoing PVR at larger RV volumes had similar survival but more overall CAE. A larger study population with a longer follow-up will be required to determine if early PVR provides survival benefit in the long-term.
Thinking Big About Small Adenomas: Moving Toward "Precision Surveillance".

Quality metrics and technological advances for colonoscopy are contributing to detection of more diminutive and small adenomas, increasing the proportion of persons undergoing surveillance for non-advanced neoplasia. In this issue, Kim and colleagues report surveillance colonoscopy findings in average-risk Koreans who had one or more adenomas on a first screening colonoscopy and found a similar risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia between those with 1–2 non-advanced adenoma (the “low-risk adenoma” group) and those with 3 or more small adenomas. The validity, generalizability, and clinical implications of the findings are considered along with recent similar studies. In sum, these studies support expanding the low-risk subgroup to include up to four diminutive tubular adenomas and perhaps persons with up to four small tubular adenomas. They also prompt consideration of “precision surveillance” that considers features of not just the polyps, but of the patient and endoscopist.
Recognizing American Sign Language Gestures from Within Continuous Videos

In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid model, 3D recurrent convolutional neural networks (3DRCNN), to recognize American Sign Language (ASL) gestures and localize their temporal boundaries within continuous videos, by fusing multi-modality features. Our proposed 3DRCNN model integrates 3D convolutional neural network (3DCNN) and enhanced fully connected recurrent neural network (FC-RNN), where 3DCNN learns multi-modality features from RGB, motion, and depth channels, and FC-RNN captures the temporal information among short video clips divided from the original video. Consecutive clips with the same semantic meaning are singled out by applying the sliding window approach to segment the clips on the entire video sequence. To evaluate our method, we collected a new ASL dataset which contains two types of videos: Sequence videos (in which a human performs a list of specific ASL words) and Sentence videos (in which a human performs ASL sentences, containing multiple ASL words). The dataset is fully annotated for each semantic region (i.e. the time duration of each word that the human signer performs) and contains multiple input channels. Our proposed method achieves 69.2% accuracy on the Sequence videos for 27 ASL words, which demonstrates its effectiveness of detecting ASL gestures from continuous videos.
Cortisone strengthens the intestinal mucosal barrier in a rodent necrotizing enterocolitis model.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common acquired gastrointestinal emergency in the neonates1. The disease is an enigmatic one with no identifiable risk factor except for prematurity. The pathogenesis of the disease appears to be multifactorial with bacterial proliferation, intestinal ischemia, and enteral alimentation all appearing to have a role, either individually or in concert, in any specific patient2. It has been suggested that the breakdown of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, which is already immature secondary to the prematurity, may very well be the common pathway through which the different factors manifest themselves, allowing for the systemic penetration of toxins, bacteria, and antigens and the development of NEC3. There is no specific treatment for this disease, but based on this hypothesis on its etiology precocious maturation of the intestinal barrier might ameliorate or prevent this life-threatening disease. The aim of this study, therefore, was to re-establish a model of NEC in the rat and to see if the lesion could be prevented with the prenatal administration of corticosteroids, a known maturational agent. We then went on to study the intestinal mucosal barrier in this model that may explain the beneficial effects of the corticosteroids.
The role of representational system in relational reasoning.

Relational reasoning, or the ability to identify meaningful patterns within streams of information, has emerged as an important factor in a variety of complex tasks. One factor that has received relatively little research attention, however, is how relational reasoning may be influenced by the representational systems (i.e., verbal or nonverbal) that hold the information about which one is reasoning. Most studies have also focused only on analogical reasoning at the expense of anomaly, antinomy, antithesis, 3 additional forms of relational reasoning. All participants in the current study, 762 undergraduate students, completed shortened versions of the Test of Relational Reasoning (TORR; Alexander, 2012) and verbal Test of Relational Reasoning (vTORR; Alexander, 2015). These 2 tests both measure each of the 4 forms of relational reasoning, but the TORR uses a nonverbal representation system and the vTORR uses a verbal system. Patterns of performance within and between these relational reasoning tests, as well as measures of linguistic and spatial ability, test the hypothesis that representational system adds explanatory value for understanding relational reasoning. Results show that the 4 form framework of relational reasoning is present in the 2 measures, both separately and combined, but representational system exerts a more powerful effect than expected. Use of the shortened measures is also supported through evidence of score reliability and validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
NP26 Healthy Schoolhouse 2.0: Results From Year One

Objective The goal of Healthy Schoolhouse 2.0 is to improve health literacy and prevent obesity in elementary school students in Washington, DC. The first year of a five-year intervention program involves the design and implementation of research, education, and extension activities in two elementary schools. Data were collected in both the experimental and control school, including the use of assessment instruments to measure students’ nutrition literacy and teachers’ self-efficacy and attitudes toward teaching nutrition and the belief about the intersection of health and education. Plate waste data were also collected on students’ fruit and vegetable consumption at both schools. Description Findings from year one include no significant differences at baseline between teacher or student demographics and knowledge assessment in the experimental and control settings. Pre-program assessments in teacher attitudes at both experimental and control settings are positive. Food consumption was measured during the lunch period at three time periods. Evaluation Fifty one nutrition lessons were taught during the program implementation at the experimental school as a result of the professional development program. A significant difference was observed on student knowledge between the pre-and post-assessment in the experimental school (t (124) = 7.1, P Conclusion and Implications Lessons learned include refinement of the approach to the professional development program for teachers later in mid-fall; administering the teacher surveys online; and engaging the teachers with health programming early into the school year.
Phenotypic characterization of individuals with SYNGAP1 pathogenic variants reveals a potential correlation between posterior dominant rhythm and developmental progression

The SYNGAP1 gene encodes for a small GTPase-regulating protein critical to dendritic spine maturation and synaptic plasticity. Mutations have recently been identified to cause a breadth of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. The purpose of this work is to define the phenotypic spectrum of SYNGAP1 gene mutations and identify potential biomarkers of clinical severity and developmental progression. A retrospective clinical data analysis of individuals with SYNGAP1 mutations was conducted. Data included genetic diagnosis, clinical history and examinations, neurophysiologic data, neuroimaging, and serial neurodevelopmental/behavioral assessments. All patients were seen longitudinally within a 6-year period; data analysis was completed on June 30, 2018. Records for all individuals diagnosed with deleterious SYNGAP1 variants (by clinical sequencing or exome sequencing panels) were reviewed. Fifteen individuals (53% male) with seventeen unique SYNGAP1 mutations are reported. Mean age at genetic diagnosis was 65.9 months (28–174 months). All individuals had epilepsy, with atypical absence seizures being the most common semiology (60%). EEG abnormalities included intermittent rhythmic delta activity (60%), slow or absent posterior dominant rhythm (87%), and epileptiform activity (93%), with generalized discharges being more common than focal. Neuroimaging revealed nonspecific abnormalities (53%). Neurodevelopmental evaluation revealed impairment in all individuals, with gross motor function being the least affected. Autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in 73% and aggression in 60% of cases. Analysis of biomarkers revealed a trend toward a moderate positive correlation between visual-perceptual/fine motor/adaptive skills and language development, with posterior dominant rhythm on electroencephalogram (EEG), independent of age. No other neurophysiology-development associations or correlations were identified. A broad spectrum of neurologic and neurodevelopmental features are found with pathogenic variants of SYNGAP1. An abnormal posterior dominant rhythm on EEG correlated with abnormal developmental progression, providing a possible prognostic biomarker.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of panicle development under heat stress in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in heat tolerance.

Heat stress inhibits rice panicle development and reduces the spikelet number per panicle. This study investigated the mechanism involved in heat-induced damage to panicle development and spikelet formation in rice cultivars that differ in heat tolerance. Transcriptome data from developing panicles grown at 40 °C or 32 °C were compared for two rice cultivars: heat-tolerant Huanghuazhan and heat-susceptible IR36. Of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 4,070 heat stress-responsive genes were identified, including 1,688 heat-resistant-cultivar-related genes (RHR), 707 heat-susceptible-cultivar-related genes (SHR), and 1,675 common heat stress-responsive genes (CHR). A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs in the RHR category were significantly enriched in 54 gene ontology terms, some of which improved heat tolerance, including those in the WRKY, HD-ZIP, ERF, and MADS transcription factor families. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs in the RHR and SHR categories were enriched in 15 and 11 significant metabolic pathways, respectively. Improved signal transduction capabilities of endogenous hormones under high temperature seemed to promote heat tolerance, while impaired starch and sucrose metabolism under high temperature might have inhibited young panicle development. Our transcriptome analysis provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in developing rice.
Estimating health-related costs of ten US climate-sensitive events in 2012: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Climate change threatens human health, but there is a lack of evidence on the economic toll of these risks. Health-related cost estimates for climate-sensitive impacts illuminate an understudied impact of climate change and highlight how this threat is affecting sectors beyond property and infrastructure. Furthermore, cost estimates can guide health interventions and help public health professionals assess whether climate change adaptation measures are achieving their intended benefits. Methods We estimate mortality and morbidity costs associated with ten climate-sensitive case studies spanning eleven US states in 2012 (when the country experienced some of its warmest weather to date); the case studies include wildfires, extreme heat, West Nile Virus and Lyme disease, extreme precipitation and flooding, harmful algal blooms, allergenic pollen, ozone air pollution, and a major hurricane. We estimate the mortality and morbidity associated with each event using data reported in peer-reviewed epidemiology studies, state and federal data, and environmental public health tracking network data collected by state public health agencies. We augment this information with imputed incidence data from national healthcare utilisation statistics. Findings Applying value of a statistical life and cost-of-illness approaches to publicly-available data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, we estimate total health-related costs associated with these case studies (from 917 deaths, 20 568 hospitalisations and 17 857 emergency department visits) of about $10·0 billion in 2018 dollars, with a sensitivity range of $2·7 billion to $24·6 billion. Interpretation By better characterising these health damages in economic terms, this work helps characterise the burden that climate change already places on human health. In doing so, we provide a quantitative framework for broader estimation of climate-sensitive health-related costs. Expanded quantification of the budgetary pressures posed by climate change can help decision makers engage with the scale of the challenge and prioritise efficient adaptation strategies to protect public health. Funding None.
Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates category learning.

Abstract Background After two decades of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) research, it is still unclear which applications benefit most from which tDCS protocols. One prospect is the acceleration of learning, where previous work has demonstrated that anodal tDCS applied to the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) is capable of doubling the rate of learning in a visual camouflaged threat detection and category learning task. Goals Questions remain as to the specific cognitive mechanisms underlying this learning enhancement, and whether it generalizes to other tasks. The goal of the current project was to expand previous findings by employing a novel category learning task. Methods Participants learned to classify pictures of European streets within a discovery learning paradigm. In a double-blind design, 54 participants were randomly assigned to 30 min of tDCS using either 2.0 mA anodal (n = 18), cathodal (n = 18), or 0.1 mA sham (n = 18) tDCS over the rVLPFC. Results A linear mixed-model revealed a significant effect of tDCS condition on classification accuracy across training (p = 0.001). Compared to a 4.2% increase in sham participants, anodal tDCS over F10 increased performance by 20.6% (d = 1.71) and cathodal tDCS by 14.4% (d = 1.16). Conclusions These results provide further evidence for the capacity of tDCS applied to rVLPFC to enhance learning, showing a greater than quadrupling of test performance after training (491% of sham) in a difficult category learning task. Combined with our previous studies, these results suggest a generalized performance enhancement. Other tasks requiring sustained attention, insight and/or category learning may also benefit from this protocol.
Edenic Equality and the Rejection of “Right Divine” in Lucy Aikin’s Epistles on Women (1810)

ABSTRACTLucy Aikin’s Epistles on Women, Exemplifying their Character and Condition in Various Ages and Nations (1810) traces the deplorable condition of women in western civilization from “ill-fate...
[No surgical intervention in neonatal period of pulmonary stenosis or atresia with intact septum after fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty: two cases report].

2例室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁胎儿于青岛市妇女儿童医院成功实施胎儿肺动脉瓣成形术，术后超声心动图示超声指标较术前明显好转。2例胎儿均足月经剖宫产出生，生后超声心动图示跨肺动脉瓣压力梯度分别为55、52 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)，三尖瓣瓣环Z值分别为-2.5、-2.8，新生儿期均无手术干预，1例于生后2月龄时行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术。.
Biventricular surgical repair of Swiss-cheese ventricular septal defects with two-patch and right ventricle apex excluding technique in 9 infants: surgical experiences and clinical results

Objective To reviewe our clinical experience on biventricular surgical repair of Swiss-cheese ventricular septal defects with two-patch and right ventricle apex excluding technique in 9 infants. Methods From March 2014 to March 2019, a series of 9 patients(M/F=2/7) with Swiss-cheese ventricular septal defects were admitted in our center to receive surgical treatment, with a median age of 4.8(2-12) months and a median body weight of 4.5(3.7-6.8) kg. All the 9 cases were symptomatic with shortness of breath and sweating. All the patients received echocardiography, ECG and chest X-ray. 3 patients with other intracardiac anomalies received CT angiography and 1 with severe pulmonary hypertension had transcatheter angiography. 4 cases of 9 had antenatal echocardiography but with no positive findings. The median cardiothoracic ratio was 0.63(0.58-0.72). 8 cases underwent one-stage surgical repair with the two-patch and right ventricle apex excluding technique and 1 case received a second-stage surgical repair with the same technique following a previous pulmonary artery banding procedure. The surgical repair was carried out with cardiopulmonary bypass under moderate hypothermia and using HTK cardioplagia to stop the heart in all the 9 cases. 2 fresh autologous pericardium patchs were used to closure defects of the outflow tract area and the apex trabecular defects respectively by excluding the apex of the right ventricle from the right ventricular inflow. Other intracardiac anomalies were corrected simultaneously. Patients were strictly followed up with a stanard protocol. Results All the operations were successful. Median cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic clamping time were 96(68-167)min and 68(43-122)min respectively. Delayed chest closure were done in 2 cases within 48-72 hours postoperatively. The time of mechincal ventilation and ICU stay were 131.3(32-328)hours and 8.7(5-31)days respectively. All the patients were discarged in 11.5(9-42)days after operation. There was no mortality and major complication except for 1 case of low cardiac output syndrome, 2 cases of ventilator associated pnumonia and 2 cases of residual shunt(less than 2 mm). All the patients were followed up for 3.2 years(1 month-9 years). There was no death and major complication. The latest echocardiography results showed that the left and right heart function was normal in all the cases. Conclusion Biventricular surgical repair of Swiss-cheese ventricular septal defects with two-patch of fresh autologous pericardium and right ventricle apex excluding technique in infants can be relatively easy with favorable early and mid-term results. Long term results need to be evaluated with more cases. Key words: Ventricular septal defects; Surgical repair
Booked on Math: Developing Math Concepts in Pre-K Classrooms Using Interactive Read-Alouds

This paper outlines the development and implementation of a ten-week micro-curriculum, Booked on Math, designed to introduce preschool children to foundational mathematics concepts through interactive read-alouds. The Booked on Math curricula includes ten book readings and associated inquiry-based lesson plans. Booked on Math read-alouds and lesson plans were implemented across six preschool classrooms over a ten-week period in a university-based early childcare center. A total of 74 pre-kindergarten students participated in the project with four classrooms receiving the Booked on Math intervention and two classrooms serving as the control group. Pre- and post-test data on student learning outcomes were collected across seven Teaching Strategies GOLD (TS GOLD) mathematical constructs (counts, quantifies, connects numerals with quantity, spatial relationships, shapes, compares and measures, and knowledge of patterns). Results indicated statistically significant differences in treatment group post-test data for three TS GOLD constructs: (1) quantifies, (2) shapes, and (3) spatial relationships. Additional regression analyses indicated two TS GOLD constructs: (1) quantifies and (2) knowledge of patterns were significant predictors of children’s post-test outcomes after controlling for covariates (e.g., age and gender). To conclude, implications of the study and future research opportunities related to leveraging interactive read-alouds to teach early childhood mathematics concepts are discussed.
Sibling relationship quality in the context of digital leisure and geographic distance for college-attending emerging adults

During the transition to adulthood, emerging adults may experience new geographic distance separating them from their siblings. Digital leisure is common among emerging adults and may serve as a to...
The Snub Cube in the Glanville Courtyard of the Beckman Institute

In the central (Glanville) courtyard of the recently constructed Beckman Institute building at the California Institute of Technology is a fountain, placed there by the architect, Mr. Tim Vreeland, to create some “white noise” and thus separate acoustically four areas of the courtyard designed for conversational groups. The architect asked for help from the future occupants of the building in designing the fountain itself; several suggestions were made and rejected by the Caltech administration as not having any relationship to the purpose of the building. Arnold O. Beckman, the donor of the building, had specified that he wanted this Institute to develop new methods and instruments that would advance research in the fields of biology and chemistry, including their interface. After our latest suggestion had been rejected, Harry B. Gray, then the Director-designate of the Beckman Institute (now Director), recalled a paper [1] describing the tertiary structure of the iron-containing protein ferritin; the molecule of ferritin was found to have 432 (read as four, three, two) symmetry; i.e., it has fourfold axes, threefold axes, and twofold axes relating the 24 subunits of the protein.
USEFULNESS OF SELF-REPORT INSTRUMENTS IN ASSESSING MEN ACCUSED OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Clinical assessment of domestic violence has traditionally relied on self-report methods of data collection, using structured interviews and lengthy questionnaires such as the MMPI-2. However, in certain situations such as court-ordered domestic violence evaluations, information obtained through self-report methods may be tainted because of willful impression management on the part of the client. The purpose of the current study was to compare self-report response styles of individuals with varying levels of domestic violence potential in order to determine whether the measures used could accurately differentiate between the groups. Individuals who were currently involved in child custody cases were court ordered to an anger assessment clinic to determine their potential for domestic violence because they had been accused of domestic abuse. Participants were classified into three groups: (a) documented domestic violence (n = 12), (b) high risk for domestic violence (n = 16), and (c) minimal risk for domestic violence (n = 24), and completed several measures of personality including the MMPI-2. Results indicated that the majority of individuals from all three groups used impression management techniques in an attempt to enhance their appearance. However, documented perpetrators of domestic violence still tended to score higher on specific measures of aggression despite their attempts to minimize. These results imply that individuals accused of domestic violence may employ impression management regardless of their guilt or innocence; therefore, the evaluation process should not disproportionately rely on self-reports.
The reader's advisory guide to graphic novels, by Francisca Goldsmith: Chicago, American Library Association, 2010, x + 124 pp., US$45 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-838910-08-5

Goldsmith's book begins by asking the question, ‘Do readers need graphic novel advice?’ In this section she deals with two myths that are often associated with reading graphic novels: Myth 1, graph...
Utilization of various sugars by the young dairy calf.

Summary Twenty-one fasted male calves, whose ages ranged from 1 to 14 wk., were studied to test their ability to utilize several chemically pure sugars and two commercial corn syrups. The levels of blood-reducing sugars, determined at regular intervals over a period of 4 hr. following the oral administration of the sugars, were used as the measure of utilization of each sugar studied. Sugars in aqueous solution were fed to calves following a 24-hr. fast, at the rate of 2 g. of sugar per pound of body weight. Glucose, lactose, and galactose gave marked elevations in blood-reducing sugars and produced no diarrhea. Calves were unable to utilize sucrose, while the uptake of fructose and maltose was comparatively low. Diarrhea resulted from the feeding of each of these sugars. Sucrose inverted by invertase or citric acid was readily utilized.
Summary of π-π scattering experiments

The ππ scattering amplitude at threshold is fully determined by the chiral symmetry breaking part of the strong interaction, and, thus, directly constrains the form of the low energy effective lagrangians. Current status of the study of the low energy ππ interaction is discussed, particularly the recent results on reactions πN → ππN near threshold. Present levels of experimental uncertainties and limitations inherent to the available analysis methods leave ample room for improvements in the determination of the s-wave ππ scattering lengths. Experimental improvements are expected from new measurements of Ke4 decays and from attempts to study π+π− atoms, while further theoretical work is required in order to make full use of the extensive near-threshold πN → ππN data that has recently become available.
The Relational Theory of Attention: Implications for the Processing of Emotional Stimuli in Psychological Disorders

Examining the interaction between cognition and emotion has a long tradition in research on emotional disorders. Indeed, many theories place great emphasis on the role of cognitive processes, such as attention and memory, in the onset and maintenance of these disorders. Biases in attention, for example, have been identified as central characteristics of depression and anxiety and have been linked to the difficulties in emotion regulation that define these disorders. Despite these important findings, it remains unclear what underlies these biases and an integration of current cognitive theories of attention with clinical research seems essential to answering this important question. The relational theory of attention presents important new information on how attention works, how relevant information is selected from complex environments, and how irrelevant information is ignored. The emphasis on context dependence suggests a radically different way to understand these processes, and this commentary tries to outline some implications for research on emotional disorders.
Gender differences in older adults’ everyday cognitive collaboration

Collaborative cognition research has demonstrated that social partners can positively impact individuals' thinking and problem-solving performance. Research in adulthood and aging has been less clear about dyadic effects, such as partner gender, on collaborative cognition. The current study examined the objective and subjective experiences of older men and women's collaboration on three everyday problems. Tasks included comprehension of everyday printed materials, a social dilemma task, and an errand-planning task. A sample of 98 older married couples (N = 196) worked both collaboratively and individually with either their spouse (N = 52 dyads) or a stranger of the other gender (N = 46 dyads). Analyses conducted using the actor-partner methodology (e.g., Gonzalez & Griffin, 1997; Kenny, 1996) suggest that men tended to be more influential during dyadic problem solving, particularly on more ambiguous tasks. Subjective appraisals of collaboration also varied between male and female partners, with familiarity of partner playing a large role in expectations of collaboration. Most notably, women assigned to work with an unfamiliar male partner tended to rate their satisfaction with collaborative teamwork less positively. Both self and partner-rated subjective appraisals, particularly expectations of competitiveness, were predictive of collaborative performance.