cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A metalloradical mechanism for the generation of oxygen from water in photosynthesis

In plants and algae, photosystem II uses light energy to oxidize water to oxygen at a metalloradical site that comprises a tetranuclear manganese cluster and a tyrosyl radical. A model is proposed whereby the tyrosyl radical functions by abstracting hydrogen atoms from substrate water bound as terminal ligands to two of the four manganese ions. Molecular oxygen is produced in the final step in which hydrogen atom transfer and oxygen-oxygen bond formation occur together in a concerted reaction. This mechanism establishes clear analogies between photosynthetic water oxidation and amino acid radical function in other enzymatic reactions.
29. Cryoablation of atrial fibrillation

It is now well established that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation triggers are often found to originate from the atrial muscular sleeve wrapped around the pulmonary veins (PV). The introduction of Cryo technology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation took place in 1998 where Nitrous Oxide Cryo balloon technology was first utilized for the isolation of the PVs. Since it is well established that radio frequency applications for the isolation of the PVs can result in PV stenosis as well as life threatening damage to the esophagus, it was necessary to first establish the safety of Cryo applications for the isolation of the PVs. A 22 mm balloon was used to ablate the PVs antrum once, and for up to 4 consecutive times to establish the tissue response to multiple applications of the Cryo applications. The tissues were allowed to heal for 5–6 months followed by remapping and histopathology. In these experiments we were able to show that the use of Cryo balloon technology is both safe and effective for the electrical isolation of the PVs. The Cryo balloon was quickly adopted and developed as an extension of the catheter based Cryo ablation, initially developed by CryoCath, that was already being utilized for the ablation of focal tissues such as AV nodal modification as well as accessory pathways and atrial tachycardias. The current Cryo balloon technology consists of 22 and 28 mm balloon sizes. Furthermore, a PV mapping lasso type catheter is used to monitor the PV electrical isolation post Cryo application. A critical aspect of the ablation success is the ability of the balloon to occlude the blood flow from the vein into the atria ensuring efficacious freezing. To-date over 20,000 patients were treated using this technology. In recent meta-analysis of 23 studies (1349 patients) the acute PV isolation success rate was 98.8%; one year freedom from AF in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was 72.8% (vs. RF 66%). The complications include acute right phrenic nerve paralysis in 6.38% (vs. RF 0.2%) with only 0.37% experiencing symptoms 1 year later. Pulmonary vein stenosis was reported in 0.17%. Other complications include pericardial effusion in 1.46% (vs. RF 6%) and in 0.57% (vs. RF 2.6%) requiring pericardial tap. Micro embolic monitoring of the blood flow to the brain revealed that the rate of micro emboli was 1/3 of that noted with RF ablation. Future Cryo technologies for the ablation of AF include low pressure flexible balloons that adopt to the PVs, linear lesions Cryo-technology. In conclusion: Cryo balloon PV isolation is now proven to be an effective and safe technology for the isolation of PVs and the treatment of paroxysmal AF.
Astrocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system and orbit: a morphologic perspective

Astrocytic neoplasms constitute a highly diverse category of neoplasms in the central nervous system and the orbit that span from almost benign to highly malignant neoplasms. Most tumors in the former category are potentially cured by surgery alone, while the latter group of tumors do not respond to any form of current treatment. The most critical advance in our understanding of the pathology of these tumors has divided this group into circumscribed (or solid) and infiltrating (or diffuse) categories. These two categories differ from one another in virtually every aspect and their distinction has become the principle role of the pathologist in guiding appropriate management. There is increasing insight into the biology of these neoplasms but the fundamental role of the pathologist still remains the correct morphological recognition. This short review highlights the most pertinent features of neoplasms considered within this diverse family.
Role for a Cindr–Arf6 axis in patterning emerging epithelia

Patterning of the Drosophila pupal eye is characterized by precise cell movements. In this paper, we demonstrate that these movements require an Arf regulatory cycle that connects surface receptors to actin-based movement. dArf6 activity-regulated by the Arf GTPase-activating proteins (ArfGAPs) dAsap and dArfGAP3 and the Arf GTP exchange factors Schizo and dPsd-promoted large cellular extensions; time-lapse microscopy indicated that these extensions presage cell rearrangements into correct epithelial niches. During this process, the Drosophila eye also requires interactions between surface Neph1/nephrin adhesion receptors Roughest and Hibris, which bind the adaptor protein Cindr (CD2AP). We provide evidence that Cindr forms a physical complex with dArfGAP3 and dAsap. Our data suggest this interaction sequesters ArfGAP function to liberate active dArf6 elsewhere in the cell. We propose that a Neph1/nephrin-Cindr/ArfGAP complex accumulates to limit local Arf6 activity and stabilize adherens junctions. Our model therefore links surface adhesion via an Arf6 regulatory cascade to dynamic modeling of the cytoskeleton, accounting for precise cell movements that organize the functional retinal field. Further, we demonstrate a similar relationship between the mammalian Cindr orthologue CD2AP and Arf6 activity in cell motility assays. We propose that this Cindr/CD2AP-mediated regulation of Arf6 is a widely used mechanism in emerging epithelia.
Chemical Composition of Oceanic Water During Tertiary Time; Evidence from Pore-Water Studies on JOIDES Drill Cores: ABSTRACT

End_Page 858------------------------------Chemical analyses have been performed on pore solutions from more than 25 drillholes in the North and South Atlantic Ocean. Several holes penetrated Tertiary-Mesozoic sediments and bottomed in basalt. The data indicate that in the central areas of the Atlantic Ocean the salinity and chlorinity of pore fluids approach the values for bottom waters and vary less than about 1-2% with depth, with a few exceptions. Diagenetic changes in major inorganic ions are relatively minor, regardless of depth, lithology, or proximity to basalt bottom. Significant effects include chiefly loss of magnesium, partial loss of sulfate, and corresponding increases in alkalinity. Nearer the continents, fluid compositions range over somewhat wider limits, especially in the direction of lower salinity. With due allowance for molecular diffusion and other disturbing effects, the data offer no evidence that the oceans varied appreciably in either chloride, salinity, or ionic composition during Tertiary time. End_of_Article - Last_Page 859------------
The impact of task complexity on people's mental models of MedlinePlus

This study explored the impact of task complexity on people's mental models of MedlinePlus, an information-rich web space providing consumer health information to the general public. Thirty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, performing either simple or complex search tasks. After the search session, subjects' perceptions of MedlinePlus were elicited using a concept listing protocol where subjects listed concepts concerning MedlinePlus in the order each concept occurred to them. The analysis of the concepts suggested that task complexity impacted subjects' mental models by influencing the objects in the system that they perceived and represented, the specificity of the representations, their evaluations of and emotions about the objects, and the heuristics that they developed for what works and what does not in the system. The pragmatic aspect of mental models was represented by subjects' descriptions of the steps that they would follow to tackle a hypothetical task. The analysis showed that task complexity affected the strategies that subjects perceived themselves using to solve new tasks using the system.
A disciplined approach to implementation of evidence-based practices decreases ICU and hospital length of stay in traumatically injured patients.

Background Evidence-based medicine has gained wide acceptance in practice of medicine since the 1990s. The objective of our study was to demonstrate the effect of evidence-based critical care practices on ICU and hospital length of stay in mechanically ventilated trauma patients. Materials and Methods Retrospective cohort using historic controls. During 2004, several different evidence-based practices were implemented, including low tidal volume ventilation, protocol driven trauma resuscitation, and a sepsis bundle. Outcomes in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients who were ≥ 18 y old were compared between a historic control group (2000–2003) and the study group after implementation (2005–2008). Patients were identified using the institutional trauma registry (NATIONAL TRACS). Gender, age, ISS, mechanism of injury, and mortality were also examined to identify trends in epidemiology. Results From 2000 to 2003. there were 6920 trauma admissions and during 2005–2008 there were 8911 (increase of 28.8%). These included 217 and 337 (increase of 55.3%) admissions to the ICU of mechanically ventilated patients, respectively. The mean age was 43.9 y versus 45.9 y (P = 0.258). Males were 66.4% versus 71.8% (P = 0.610). The mean ISS was 29 versus 27 (P = 0.25). Blunt mechanism was 87% versus 89% (P = 0.913). Mortality rate was 36.4% versus 36.5% (P = 0.944). The mean number of ICU days and hospital days decreased from 7.6 versus 5.5 (P = 0.02) and 13.2 versus 9.7 (P = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion The application of evidence-based critical care practices decreases length of ICU and hospital stay, but not mortality, in critically ill, mechanically ventilated trauma patients. Our trauma volume, including critically ill patients, increased during the study periods.
CHIC: a combination-based recommendation system

Current recommender systems are focused largely on recommending items based on similarity. For instance, Netflix can recommend movies similar to previously viewed movies, and Amazon can recommend items based on ratings of similar users. Although similarity-based recommendation works well for books and movies, it provides an incomplete solution for items such as clothing or furniture which are inherently used in combination with other items of the same type, e.g., shirt with pants, and desk with a chair. As a result, the decision to buy a clothing or furniture item depends not only on the item itself, but also on how well it works with other items of that type. Recommending such items therefore requires a combination-based recommendation system that given an item, can suggest interesting and diverse combinations containing that item. This problem is challenging because features affecting combination quality are often difficult to identify; quality, being a function of all items in the combination, cannot be computed independently; and there are an exponential number of combinations to explore. In this demonstration, we present CHIC, a first-of-its-kind, combination-based recommendation system for clothing. The audience will interact with our system through the CHIC mobile app which allows the user to take a picture of a clothing item and search for interesting combinations containing the item instantly. The audience can also compete with CHIC to create alternate ensembles and compare quality. Finally, we highlight via visualizations the core modules of CHIC including model building and our novel search and classification algorithm, C-Search.
Humpback whale song or humpback whale sonar? A reply to Au et al

Au et al.'s arguments against the hypothesis that humpback whale songs function as long-range sonar are based on questionable assumptions rather than on empirical data. Like other echolocating mammals (e.g., bats), singing humpback whales: 1) localize targets in the absence of visual information; 2) possess a highly innervated peripheral auditory system; and 3) modulate the temporal and spectral features of their sounds based on environmental conditions. The sonar equation is inadequate for determining whether humpback whale songs generate detectable echoes from other whales because it does not account for temporal variables that can strongly affect the detectability of echoes. In particular, the sonar equation ignores the fact that much of the noise encountered by singing humpback whales is spectrally and temporally predictable, and that audition in mammals is a dynamic and plastic process. Experiments are needed to test the hypothesis that singing humpback whales listen for and respond to echoes generated by their songs.
Characterization of Coastal Urban Watershed Bacterial Communities Leads to Alternative Community-Based Indicators

Background Microbial communities in aquatic environments are spatially and temporally dynamic due to environmental fluctuations and varied external input sources. A large percentage of the urban watersheds in the United States are affected by fecal pollution, including human pathogens, thus warranting comprehensive monitoring.
Peacock Hashing: Deterministic and Updatable Hashing for High Performance Networking

Hash tables are extensively used in networking to implement data-structures that associate a set of keys to a set of values, as they provide O(1), query, insert and delete operations. However, at moderate or high loads collisions are quite frequent which not only increases the access time, but also induces non- determinism in the performance. Due to this non-determinism, the performance of these hash tables degrades sharply in the multi-threaded network processor based environments, where a collection of threads perform the hashing operations in a loosely synchronized manner. In such systems, it is critical to keep the hash operations more deterministic. A recent series of papers have been proposed, which employs a compact on-chip memory to enable deterministic and fast hash queries. While effective, these schemes require substantial on- chip memory, roughly 10-bits for every entry in the hash table. This limits their general usability; specifically in the network processor context, where on-chip resources are scarce. In this paper, we propose a novel hash table construction called Peacock hash, which reduces the on-chip memory by more than 10-folds while keeping a high degree of determinism in performance. This significantly reduced on-chip memory not only makes Peacock hashing much more appealing for the general use but also makes it an attractive choice for the implementation of a hash hardware accelerator on a network processor.
Day-case septal surgery under general anaesthesia and local anaesthesia with sedation

Septal surgery (submucous resection and septoplasty) has been performed as a day-case procedure routinely under general anaesthesia and local anaesthesia with sedation at the Ipswich Hospital since 1992. The outcome of the day-case septal surgery over a period of 18 months has been audited. A total of 95 cases were operated on of which 48 were under general anaesthesia (GA) and 47 under local anaesthesia (LA) with sedation using midazolam intravenously. The bleeding rate and overnight admission rate were 10.5 and 11.4 per cent respectively. The bleeding rate was the same in both GA and LA groups. The combination of local anaesthesia and sedation has been found to be safe, effective and acceptable to patients. It is concluded that septal surgery is suitable as a day procedure and that local anaesthesia combined with sedation has a definite place if carried out properly.
Analysis of DC-DC Conversion for Energy Harvesting Systems Using a Mixed-Signal Sliding-Mode Controller

Increasing efficiencies in electronic devices have opened the door for energy harvesters to power wireless systems by scavenging energy from solar, thermal, or mechanical sources. The design of an efficient power supply that can regulate scavenged energy to produce stable voltages for multiple loads is presented here. To limit energy dissipation and increase the flexibility of the regulator, a discrete-time sliding-mode controller is presented. The performance of sliding-mode controllers is hard to predict because their switching frequency and output voltage ripple are dependent on duty cycle and load conditions. An analytical approach for the closed-loop steady- state behavior of a discrete-time sliding-mode controller is presented here. The proposed analytical solution matches measured results to within 4% for duty cycles ranging between 0.1 and 0.9.
A comparison of the commonsense and fixed point theories of nonmonotonicity

The mathematical fixed point theories of nonmonotonic reasoning are examined and compared to a commonsense theory of nonmonotonic reasoning which models our intuitive ability to reason about defaults. It is shown that all of the known problems of the fixed point theories are solved by the commonsense theory. The concepts of this commonsense theory do not involve mathematical fixed points, but instead are explicitly defined in a monotonic modal quantificational logic which captures the modal notion of logical truth.
A frequency domain performance analysis of Horn and Schunck's optical flow algorithm for deformable motion

A frequency domain performance analysis of Horn and Schunck's (1981) optical flow (HSOF) algorithm for estimation of deformable motion is presented. Noise sources in the algorithm are modeled using the discrete Fourier transform of the brightness pattern. This noise model along with the estimation error covariance function derived in previous work is used to derive an expression for the expected performance of the optical flow estimate that is valid for an arbitrary discrete brightness pattern. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the validity of our methods and show that HSOF is more accurate that the optical flow estimate of Anandan for certain low-frequency patterns. >
ASSESSING BUILDING PERFORMANCE: ITS EVOLUTION FROM POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION

This article chronicles the evolution of the field of postoccupancy evaluation and visual quality (aesthetic) programming and evaluation from their origins in the 1960s, and describes their transformation into current developments in systematic building performance and visual quality assessments. Major components of post-occupancy evaluations are highlighted, and examples of outcomes presented. This consumeroriented approach is part of a new democratic paradigm embodying autonomy, self-organization, ecology, sustainability, adaptation, and continuous improvement. Methods range from qualitative selfreports of likes and dislikes to quantitative multivariate analyses, from verbal scales to observations of use, and last but not least, expert judgments. The paper discusses questions about the future of this field, its viability, cost-effectiveness, and benefits for all stakeholders. It concludes with the examination of a recent project, reported in the book Designing for Designers that used distributed technology to systematically evaluate the performance of 17 contemporary architecture school buildings from around the world. The approach is discussed, as well as methods, lessons learned, and ways in which the methodology and findings apply to other kinds of facilities and future developments in the field.
Supervised Aggregation of Classifiers using Artificial Prediction Markets

Prediction markets are used in real life to predict outcomes of interest such as presidential elections. In this work we introduce a mathematical theory for Artificial Prediction Markets for supervised classifier aggregation and probability estimation. We introduce the artificial prediction market as a novel way to aggregate classifiers. We derive the market equations to enforce total budget conservation, show the market price uniqueness and give efficient algorithms for computing it. We show how to train the market participants by updating their budgets using training examples. We introduce classifier specialization as a new differentiating characteristic between classifiers. Finally, we present experiments using random decision rules as specialized classifiers and show that the prediction market consistently outperforms Random Forest on real and synthetic data of varying degrees of difficulty.
Efficacy of grain protectants against four psocid species on maize, rice and wheat

BACKGROUND:Psocidsareemergingpestsinstoredproducts,particularlyinamylaceouscommoditiessuchasgrains.Currently, their control is based on the use of fumigants and contact insecticides; however, newer data indicate that psocids are tolerant to insecticides used to control other stored-grain species. This study evaluated the insecticides registered in the USA for use on stored maize, rice and wheat for control of the psocid species Lepinotusreticulatus,Liposcelisentomophila,L.bostrychophila and L. paeta. Mortality of exposed adult females was recorded after 7 and 14 days of exposure, while progeny production was assessed after 30 days of exposure. RESULTS: On wheat and rice, chlorpyriphos-methyl + deltamethrin was generally more effective against exposed parental adults than spinosad or pyrethrin, while pirimiphos-methyl was more effective on maize than spinosad or pyrethrin. In most cases,progenyproductionwassuppressedinthetreatedgrains.Progenyproductionwasconsistentlylowestonwheatandrice treated with chlorpyriphos-methyl + deltamethrinand maize treated with pirimiphos-methyl.
Platelet free catecholamines in healthy women

INTRODUCTION Plasma catecholamines are labile and levels highly variable within short periods of time (l-l 1). Therefore, estimation of plasma catecholamine alone may be an inadequate indicator of sympathetic function (12). Platelets are known to contain (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) uptake mechanisms and store these catecholamines in their dense organelles for about 2 weeks (13-14). Accordingly, platelet content of catecholamines may be a better index of sympathetic function over time (14). This has now been investigated further in a group of healthy women in whom free catecholamine content of platelets was measured after 30 minutes of postural change.
Bladder neck closure in association with continent urinary diversion

Bladder neck closure is not a standard part of continent urinary diversion. When bladder augmentation and continent urinary diversion are done simultaneously, it is frequently convenient and advantageous to leave the native bladder neck intact as long as there is a reasonable degree of intrinsic continence. Even in patients with marginal control the effect of lowering intravesical pressure and increasing intravesical volume will often produce acceptable continence. At times, particularly in patients who have undergone multiple surgical procedures involving the bladder neck, there is poor intrinsic resistance. To provide acceptable continence in these cases bladder neck closure is a necessary part of continent diversion. Between 1990 and 1993 we treated 6 male and 7 female patients, most of whom underwent simultaneous bladder augmentation and continent urinary diversion, and they had poor intrinsic outlet resistance. Patient age ranged from 8 to 22 years. Underlying diagnoses included thoracic myelomeningocele in 5 patients, bladder exstrophy in 5, bladder leiomyosarcoma in 1 and extensive pelvic trauma in 1 as well as 1 previously separated conjoined twin. Three patients had artificial urinary sphincter failure and 3 had failure of urethral sling procedures. A clean intermittent catheterization program had failed in 12 patients and all 13 had diurnal incontinence. Bladder neck and urethral resistance was evaluated using voiding cystourethrography and urodynamics to measure leak point pressure and bladder capacity. Reliable bladder neck closure is historically difficult to achieve and is best done at the time of diversion. We have had initial success in 12 of our 13 cases and subsequently in all 13 using a technique of bladder neck division, 2-layer closure and omental interposition between the bladder neck closure and urethra.
Uneven Development and Grounded Comparative Institutional Advantage: Lessons from Sweden and Mondragon

In this paper we use the theory of grounded comparative institutional advantage to analyze the possibilities for progressive development in the face of the uneven development patterns endemic to neoliberal capitalist development. We demonstrate that efforts to promote institutional structures to spur regional development, such as Swedish efforts to create high wage jobs via education, training, and technology diffusion, and the Mondragon Cooperative’s efforts to create and preserve manufacturing jobs via education, technology development and cooperative organization, can be a countervailing power to the forces of capitalist uneven development, if the state becomes a major allocator of investment funds. To succeed in creating stable, progressively-oriented industries in a region within a capitalist economy, there must be cushions for firms against downturns and sectoral shifts, mechanisms for the creation of cutting edge technologies, and a commitment to reallocate investment to key industries. Otherwise the forces of uneven development, spatially and sectorally, will tend to prevail. While the models developed by Sweden and Mondragon hold promise, this approach requires a major political commitment to the region, and a willingness to embrace some of the vagaries of international capitalism.
A step toward customizing radiosurgical care for arteriovenous malformations.

Haven, The increasing number of tools to treat cerebrovascu is leading to individualized treatment paradigms. T and judicious use of microsurgery, embolization, an has likely lead to improved patient outcomes. Most addressing arteriovenous malformation (AVM) ob stereotactic radiosurgery have focused on size, locati radiation. The paper by Taeshineetanakul et al. brin closer to customizing AVM care by evaluating the role architecture in relation to obliteration rates (1, 2). Th nature of the study could be an inherent flaw; ne conclusions are thought provoking. They evaluate charts and imaging studies of 139 patients with bra analyzed the following angioarchitectural characteristi angiogram: the enlargement of feeding arteries, flow tranidal aneurysms,perinidal angiogenesis, arterioveno nidus type, venous ectasia, focal pouches, and venous r Radiosurgical treatments were performed with eit ear accelerator (LINAC) system or a 4C Gamma Kni system. For patients treated with Gamma Knife, a st 25 Gy was chosen for volumes 4 cm, and 20 Gy w AVM volumes of 4 to 15 cm. The mean follow-up w Complete obliteration was described as disappearan andno early draining vein on angiogramor no abnorm on magnetic resonance imaging and no evidence o magnetic resonance angiography. Three easily identifiable angioarchitectural feature
DQPSK for Terabit Ethernet in the 1310 nm band

We investigate QPSK formats under differential direct detection in the low dispersion, cost-sensitive 1310 nm band. Performance of three transmitter types is simulated to achieve terabit signaling over 80 km in standard single mode fiber.
Language and Literacy Practices in Dominican Families in New York City.

This article presents the results of two ethnographic studies that explored the language and literacy practices present in the everyday lives of seven Dominican families living in the New York City metropolitan area. The families engaged in literacy practices that were embedded in their daily lives and often depended on the practical problems that the families had to solve. It suggests ways to connect family literacy programs to the parents’ literacy experiences. It also recommends the use of all technologies available today, such as television, computer and the Internet, not only to develop literacy in parents and children but also to teach how to use and criticize the new technologies.
Long‐term effects of differential early rearing in rhesus macaques: Behavioral reactivity in adulthood

Adverse early experiences are associated with a range of deleterious health outcomes in humans, including higher risk for affective disorders. Studies using a long-standing model of nonhuman primate model of early adversity have demonstrated that nursery-reared (NR) monkeys exhibit alterations in multiple aspects of biobehavioral development; however, few studies have evaluated the persistence of socioaffective behavioral changes through adulthood. We evaluated the effects of early rearing experience on adult animals' response to a well-validated assessment of anxiety-like behavior, the human intruder paradigm (HIP). We tested 22 rhesus monkeys who were either nursery-reared (NR) or reared with their mothers (mother-reared; MR). NR monkeys were inhibited in their behavior compared to MR monkeys, with reduced locomotion and exploratory behaviors. NR animals showed a marginal increase in freezing. Together these findings demonstrate that the consequences of differential infant rearing experience on socioaffective behavior persist into adulthood, with evidence of greater inhibition in NR monkeys.
Universal dispersion tables 1. Love waves across oceans and continents on a spherical earth

The variational approach to surface wave dispersion problems has been largely replaced by the powerful method of Haskell which is exact and particularly convenient for use on digital computers. This paper shows how the two methods may be combined to yield dispersion curves which can be used to interpret data from any layered structure. A set of graphs and tables is presented which can be used to calculate the dispersion of Love waves in the period range of 4 to 1000 seconds over any spherical earth model. In addition, it is possible to determine by inspection which portion of the earth is contributing to a set of observed dispersion data thereby facilitating the design of an appropriate earth model. These tables can be used to determine how much freedom can be taken with proposed models without violating dispersion data. Application to the inverse problem is immediate.
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide purification by capping failure sequences with a methacrylamide phosphoramidite followed by polymerization

Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) purification was achieved by capping failure sequences with a polymerizable methacrylamide phosphoramidite during automated synthesis, polymerizing the failure sequences into an acrylamide gel after cleavage and deprotection, and extraction of full-length sequences with water. The details regarding the technology including the capping efficiency of four polymerizable phosphoramidites, optimal capping time, diffusion speeds of ODN from gels with different cross-linking ratios to solution, and the efficiency of ODN extraction from gel were investigated. In addition, the technology was tested for purification of a long sequence and purification on larger scales. We also found that polymerization of failure sequences in a centrifuge tube in air did not affect purification results. Finally, we provided additional evidence that ODNs are stable under radical polymerization conditions by complete digestion of ODN followed by reversed-phase HPLC analysis of nucleosides.
Properties and an Anisotropic Model of Cancellous Bone From the Proximal Tibial Epiphysis

An investigation has been made of the source and magnitude of anisotropic material properties of cancellous bone in the proximal epiphysis of the human tibia. Results are reported for stiffness measurements made in three orthogonal directions on 21 cubes of cancellous bone before testing to failure along one of the three principal axes. The structure is approximately transversely isotropic. Strength and stiffness are linear with area fraction for loading along the isotropic axis. Strength is proportional to stiffness for all directions. A finite element model is proposed, based on experimental observations, which enables one to predict the elastic constants of cylindrically structured cancellous bone in the tibia from morphological measurements in the transverse plane.
Chromatin remodeling machines: similar motors, ulterior motives

Chromatin is a dynamic material; chromatin structures can repress transcription and their remodeling accompanies activation. Recent biochemical studies in Drosophila have revealed three multi-protein complexes with ATP-dependent chromatin restructuring activities. Although all contain the ATPase ISWI, their properties in vitro are markedly different, distinct from SWI-SNF and reveal intriguing connections to both transcription and chromatin assembly.
A Hostile Chief that Wants You Out

Try to show your positive attributes and change the climate of relations. If that is impossible, then decide to move on – with dignity.
A Talent Development Perspective on the Olympic Athlete

Using an integrated biopsychosocial approach, this paper examines the influences of physical ability, mental and emotional aspects, and the influences of home, school, and culture on the talent development of the elite athlete. The paper will also go beyond characteristics of individual Olympians to discuss how athletic performance can be enhanced through executive coaching, cognitive behavioral therapy, attention to aspects of health psychology, instruction, and neuropsychological interventions. A final section will address issues association with underperformance. The primary focus of the paper will be on Summer Olympians from the U.S., although similar examples could be provided from throughout the full range of countries competing in the Games.
Fluid substitution: Estimating changes in VP without knowing VS

Two methods are presented for estimating the change of seismic P‐wave velocity that accompanies pore fluid changes in a rock in the common situation when S‐wave velocity is unknown. In contrast, Gassmann’s relation operates on the rock bulk modulus, which can only be calculated when both VP and VS are measured. The first method operates directly on the P‐wave modulus and is equivalent to replacing the bulk moduli of the rock and mineral in Gassmann’s relation with the corresponding P‐wave moduli. The second method uses a graphical construction to estimate the decomposition of the measured P‐wave modulus into bulk and shear moduli, which then allows the conventional Gassmann’s formula to be used. When applied to a large set of sandstone data, the predictions of both methods, computed with VP only, are within a few percent of the Gassmann’s relation, using both VP and VS.
MMPI Changes in Hospitalized Alcoholics; A Second Study

MMPI profiles of 40 hospitalized alcoholics were consistent with the results of a previous study. Close analysis of scale 4 resulted in 3 discernible subgroups, suggesting that the MMPI could be us...
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) in transcriptional regulation and nuclear inositide metabolism

Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK, ipk2, Arg 82 , ArgRIII) is an inositide kinase with unusually flexible substrate specificity and the capacity to partake in many functional protein–protein interactions (PPIs). By merging these two activities, IPMK is able to execute gene regulatory functions that are very unique and only now beginning to be recognized. In this short review, we present a brief history of IPMK, describe the structural biology of the enzyme and highlight a few recent discoveries that have shed more light on the role IPMK plays in inositide metabolism, nuclear signalling and transcriptional regulation.
La canción en el tiempo y la voz de Luis Alberto Spinetta

It seems it takes a special provision to read poetry, for example, or to be interested in painting or to enjoy the theater, or even certain forms of music, but certainly not for the song. This is an area of immediate experience with which we interact directly, no need to do courses (or go to conferences) to listen to songs. There is something so striking in the natural way we relate to the song. There is a hunger that seems innate; come, as it were, with the gene of the song. I call this article "The song at the time," and by that I mean the historical time, but also the mythical time, personal time for each of us and the time of each song, an art form which can short call, short duration. In the first part, then I will talk about some aspects of the song in these different times, and in the second I will refer to a particular artist, I personally admire, which is Argentina's Luis Alberto Spinetta.
Electronic Effects on a Mononuclear Co Complex with a Pentadentate Ligand for Catalytic H2 Evolution

Previous studies of Co catalysts for H2 evolution have shown opposite effects between the redox potentials of Co centers and their catalytic properties such as the overpotential and turnover frequency: Co catalysts with more positive reduction potentials from structural modification display insignificant changes in the overpotential for H2 evolution and require stronger acid for catalysis, and Co catalysts with lower overpotentials show decreased turnover frequency for H2 evolution. In order to explore the electronic effects of a ligand scaffold on the catalytic properties for H2 evolution by a Co complex with a pentadentate ligand, N,N-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine-6-methanamine (DPA-Bpy), we replaced the pyridyls in DPA-Bpy with more basic isoquinoline groups. In contrast to data from previously reported studies, in the current study, a Co complex with a more positive reduction potential, resulting from the replacement of pyridyls with isoquinoline groups, leads to a lower overpotential and hig...
Photoinduced Phenomena in Amorphous Arsenic Chalcogenide

We report our recent results on the photoinduced transient optical absorption measurements of amorphous (a-) As2Se3 and a-As2S3, after the illumination of nanosecond pulsed laser. From the measurements, we have observed a photodarkening in the nanosecond and microsecond domains for the first time. Since the fast photodarkening was also observed in the liquid state, the structural origin of the photodarkening should be different from the conventional metastable photodarkening, which is observed only below the glass transition temperature. We have also examined accumulated photoinduced changes for the stronger repeated pulsed laser illumination. From the measurements, we have found for As2S3 that there exists an accumulated photoinduced absorption in the supercooled liquid state. On the basis of the detailed results of the transient optical absorption measurements, structural origin of the photodarkening is discussed.
The effects of alkyl-lysophospholipids on leukemic cell lines. I. Differential action on two human leukemic cell lines, HL60 and K562

The action of an alkyl-lysophospholipid (ALP), ET180CH3, on clonogenicity, 3H-TdR uptake, and cell numbers was tested in two human leukemic cell lines, HL60 and K562, and short-term human leukemic bone marrow cultures. ALP eliminated clonogenicity in HL60 but not in K562 cultures; 3H-TdR uptake and cell numbers were depressed at low concentrations of ET180CH3 in HL60, but not K562 cultures. The action of the lysophospholipid analog on human leukemic bone marrow short-term cultures at low concentrations was similar to its action on HL60 cultures; clonogenicity and 3H-TdR uptake were depressed, but cell numbers were not significantly affected. The demonstration of differential action of ALP on two cell lines should significantly simplify the investigation of the mechanism of the reported differential action of ET180CH3 on normal and leukemic cell membranes.
Flow Cytometry of Deparaffinized Nuclei Compared to Histological Grading for the Pathological Evaluation of Transitional Cell Carcinomas

AbstractRecent developments in flow cytometric analyses have resulted in a practical method to examine the deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy of various tissues, including bladder cancers. Although the technique provides information not readily available from usual pathological examinations, its value as a diagnostic test in clinical urology remains to be investigated. We confirm previous reports that flow cytometry can be performed on tissues stored in paraffin and demonstrate a positive correlation among deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy, histological grade and clinical outcome in patients with transitional cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy offered no more prognostic information than histological grading alone when these tests were performed on the initial bladder tumors in 63 patients.
To reduce futile care, build trust.

I have come to the conclusion that a successful systematic approach to earlier transitions from disease-directed cancer therapy to end-of-life and palliative care can only come from better communication in the context of more trusting relationships.
Cognitive processes in schizophrenia and related disorders. Experimental studies in the USSR.

In this survey of the Soviet contributions to the study of the cognitive aspects in schizophrenia, we have discussed the traditional interest in visual forms, mimicry, emotional vocalization, hallucinations, and neologisms. Today the emphasis in the Moscow school is on the basic cognitive problem in schizophrenia (“probability prognosis”), while in the Leningrad school, the emphasis is on precise evaluation of communicative abilities (or defects) via various channels. The importance of the Leningrad school is in the implementation of the neuropsychologic and neurophysiologic approach as has been shown in reviewing investigations related to localization and hemispheric specialization in cognitive processing (Balonov and Deglin 1976, Tonkonogy 1973, Balonovet al, 1979). A comparison of the results of these studies with research done in Western countries would be highly desirable.
Review of Beyond Human Nature: How Culture and Experience Shape the Human Mind

The debate over nature versus nurture rages on. To what extent are our thoughts and actions determined genetically, or environmentally, or at all? Exactly what degree of rational agency is or remai...
Abstract 2526: Regulation of angiogenic factors in glioblastoma progression

Background & Purpose: Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor in humans and has a very low survival rate. The aggressiveness of this cancer can be attributed to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which are highly invasive and therapy resistant. Increased aggressiveness of GSCs is attributed to the release of angiogenic factors, which promotes the formation of new blood vessels that enhances tumor cell survival and proliferation. The neovascularization also provides a scaffold for tumor cells to migrate, enabling metastasis. Therefore, identifying the altered expression of angiogenic factors is of clinical importance. In this study, we examined the changes in the expression of pro-angiogenic factors in GSCs as compared to the original tumor from which they were derived. We also determined if differentiation of GSC towards a less invasive phenotype decreased the levels of these pro-angiogenic factors. Methods: GBM tumor cells were grown in complete media containing 10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) and GSCs were grown in media containing B27, heparin, EGF, and FGF. GSCs were differentiated by growing them in media containing 10% FCS and B27 with vitamin A, for about one week. We examined the expression of a panel of pro-angiogenic factors in GSCs (33-GSC) and in the original tumor cells (33-T) from which GSCs were derived. We then examined if differentiation of 33-GSC decreased the levels of these pro-angiogenic factors. Changes in protein levels were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA levels were quantitated using real time Q-PCR. Results: Immunofluorescence staining showed that the GSCs express higher levels of pro-angiogenic factors examined (11 out of 16). GSCs were successfully differentiated into astrocytes as indicated by morphology and GFAP expression. The differentiation of GSCs into astrocytes was sufficient to cause decreased expression of VEGF and c-MYC. Our data showed 27 fold increase in VEGF mRNA levels, 63 fold increase in MMP2 mRNA levels, 11 fold increase in MMP9 mRNA levels, and 2 fold increase in c-MYC mRNA levels in GSCs compared to the tumor line, indicating the regulation of these pro-angiogenic factors at transcriptional level. Conclusions: Increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors in GSCs may render these cells to be more aggressive and invasive, and suggests that differential expression of angiogenic factors in GSC cells may play an important role in the GBM progression, and therapy resistance. Citation Format: Carolina Larrain, Umadevi V. Wesley, Paul Clark, John S. Kuo, Robert Dempsey. Regulation of angiogenic factors in glioblastoma progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2526.
Disability Experience and Measurement

Top themes of international research on disability in the past three decades are discussed: disability dynamics, buffers and barriers for disability, disability trends, and disability among very old persons. Each theme is highlighted by research examples. Turning to measurement, I discuss traditional measures of disability, new longer and shorter ones, and composites like disability-free life expectancy, noting their merits. Contemporary models of disability are presented, ranging from visual images to formal theories. The article ends on how scientists can facilitate movement of disability science into health care practice and policy.
Diffeomorphic Density Registration in Thoracic Computed Tomography

Accurate motion estimation in thoracic computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of lung cancer. This paper provides two key contributions to this motion estimation. First, we show we can effectively transform a CT image of effective linear attenuation coefficients to act as a density, i.e. exhibiting conservation of mass while undergoing a deformation. Second, we propose a method for diffeomorphic density registration for thoracic CT images. This algorithm uses the appropriate density action of the diffeomorphism group while offering a weighted penalty on local tissue compressibility. This algorithm appropriately models highly compressible areas of the body (such as the lungs) and incompressible areas (such as surrounding soft tissue and bones).