cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of catalase, indomethacin and FPL 55712 on vascular permeability in the hamster cheek pouch following scald injury

The effects of scald injury and scald injury with pretreatment on plasma and water content were studied in the superfused hamster cheek pouch. Catalase (30,000 Units/kg), indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg) and FPL 55712 (2 mg/kg) were administered prior to 10 second scald with 100 degrees C normal saline. Plasma content was measured with 125 I serum albumin and water content was calculated by loss on drying. Significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in plasma content compared to scald alone were observed following pretreatment with catalase (29%) indomethacin (31%) or FPL 55712 (52%). Water content in scalded pouches was significantly reduced by catalase (29%) and FPL 55712 (42%). Pretreatment when combined also resulted in significant reduction of plasma content but not water content. Results suggest that free-radicals, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are involved in vascular response by scald injury.
Adaptive time-frequency transform

A matching pursuit decomposes any signal into a linear expansion of waveforms that belong to a dictionary of functions. These waveforms are selected in order to best match the signal structures. For dictionaries of functions that have a wide range of different time-frequency localizations, a matching pursuit yields an adaptive time-frequency transform. The authors derive a signal energy distribution in the time-frequency plane which does not include interference terms, unlike Wigner and Cohen class distributions. Signal components that are coherent with respect to the dictionary can be extracted. It is shown that time-frequency dictionaries yield adaptive decompositions where signal structures are represented by Gabor functions that match their time-frequency signature. The properties of the signal components are explicitly given by the scale, frequency, time, and phase indexes of the selected Gabor functions. >
Parametrization of the cross-sections of photon absorption and scattering

Abstract Simple analytic parametrizations of the inner shell photoelectron angular distribution and total cross-section for photon scattering by atomic electrons are presented.
Use of sentinel node biopsy for staging parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Identification of nodal involvement is important for treatment planning in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and is facilitated by sentinel node biopsy. Although it is employed primarily for extremity tumors, we report using sentinel node biopsy in a patient with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the ethmoid sinus. Lymphoscintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography following injection of tracer at the tumor site helped identify contralateral cervical node involvement not previously recognized by physical exam, cross sectional imaging, or other functional imaging. This case demonstrates how information from sentinel node identification and biopsy can change therapy recommendations in patients with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 520–523. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of isomerically pure nitrogen-13 labeled gamma-aminobutyric acid and putrescine

Abstract N -trimethylsilyl protected aminobutene and the triisopropylsilyl ester of butenoic acid react with nitrogen-13 labeled chloramine to yield isomerically pure nitrogen-13 labeled gamma-aminobutyric acid and putrescine.
Clozapine-associated diabetes

Abstract Purpose Clozapine is a potent antipsychotic agent that has been marketed since 1990. Several published reports of diabetes mellitus occurring with clozapine therapy have appeared during the past 5 years. Because the risk and characteristics of clozapine-associated diabetes mellitus remain unclear, we conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study of spontaneous adverse event reports of hyperglycemia occurring in clozapine-treated patients. Material and methods The Food and Drug Administration MedWatch surveillance program was queried (January 1990 through February 2001), and the results were pooled with published cases. Parameters assessed included documentation of diabetes, clinical severity, new-onset diabetes versus exacerbation of preexisting disease, demographic characteristics of patients, time to onset of hyperglycemia, and effect of drug discontinuation and rechallenge. Results We identified 384 reports. Of these, new-onset diabetes was diagnosed definitively in 242 patients, and 54 patients had exacerbation of preexisting disease. The mean (± SD) age was 40 ± 12 years (range, 13 to 77). The male:female ratio was 2:0. Most cases appeared within 6 months of initiating clozapine therapy. One patient developed diabetes following a single 500-mg dose. There were 80 cases of metabolic acidosis or ketosis. Twenty-five patients died during hyperglycemic episodes. Forty-six patients had improved glycemic control after discontinuation or dose reduction of the drug. Conclusions A causal relationship between clozapine and diabetes is suggested by the number of reports, the temporal relation to clozapine initiation, the relatively young age of the affected patients, and the prompt reversibility on withdrawal of the drug in some patients. The severity of reported cases ranged from mild glucose intolerance to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma.
Recruitment and regulation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type 1γ by the FERM domain of talin

Membrane phosphoinositides control a variety of cellular processes through the recruitment and/or regulation of cytosolic proteins1,2,3,4. One mechanism ensuring spatial specificity in phosphoinositide signalling is the targeting of enzymes that mediate their metabolism to specific subcellular sites. Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type 1γ (PtdInsPKIγ) is a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase that is expressed at high levels in brain, and is concentrated at synapses5,6. Here we show that the predominant brain splice variant of PtdInsPKIγ (PtdInsPKIγ-90) binds, by means of a short carboxy-terminal peptide, to the FERM domain of talin, and is strongly activated by this interaction. Talin, a principal component of focal adhesion plaques7, is also present at synapses. PtdInsPKIγ-90 is expressed in non-neuronal cells, albeit at much lower levels than in neurons, and is concentrated at focal adhesion plaques, where phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate has an important regulatory role. Overexpression of PtdInsPKIγ-90, or expression of its C-terminal domain, disrupts focal adhesion plaques, probably by local disruption of normal phosphoinositide balance. These findings define an interaction that has a regulatory role in cell adhesion and suggest new similarities between molecular interactions underlying synaptic junctions and general mechanisms of cell adhesion.
Turning surface behaviour for internal waves subject to general gravitational fields

Abstract It is shown that the turning surfaces associated with internal waves in a uniformly rotating, density stratified, Boussinesq fluid in the presence of an arbitrary gravitational field are regular points for the governing eigenvalue differential equation. The results are illustrated for two particular examples that have geophysical and astrophysical significance, namely radially directed spherical gravity, and the gravitational field in a rapidly rotating cylinder.
Technology-assisted supplemental work and work-to-family conflict: The role of instrumentality beliefs, organizational expectations and time management

People engage in technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW) when they perform role-prescribed tasks at home after regular work hours with the aid of technological tools such as laptops, cell phones, BlackBerries®, and PDAs. Drawing from the technology acceptance model, we hypothesized and found that instrumentality beliefs (perceived usefulness) and organizational expectations (psychological climate) were positively related to TASW. In addition, we hypothesized and found that TASW was positively related to work-to-family conflict. However, time management (setting goals and priorities) moderated the relationship such that people who apply certain time management strategies may reduce the negative influence of TASW on their lives at home.
Sum frequency generation of red light in QPM LiNbO/sub 3/ using a high-power Er/Yb fiber amplifier

We describe a new type of coherent red light source which has the potential of low cost, high efficiency and multiwatt output powers. Red light was generated by sum frequency mixing of the outputs of a high-power Er/Yb co-doped fiber (EYDF) amplifier pumped by a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. The 9-m-long, single-mode EYDF copropagating amplifier had a gain peak near 1535 nm and was seeded by a laser diode. The fiber amplifier served as an efficient power converter of the 1064-nm pump light into 1.5-/spl mu/m emission. To generate sum frequency, the 1535 and 1064 nm radiation emerging from the angle-cleaved output end of the amplifier was focused directly into a nonlinear crystal using a dichroic lens. Two fiber polarization controllers were used to achieve polarization at both wavelengths, which was linear and parallel to the crystal c-axis. A 2.2-cm-long LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal was periodically poled to obtain a domain period of 11.2 /spl mu/m, calculated to produce sum frequency generation quasi-phase matching near 120/spl deg/C.
Sca-1 expression is associated with decreased cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of skeletal muscle-derived adult primitive cells

Adult stem cells from skeletal muscle (SM) have been shown to differentiate into multiple lineages. The impact of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) expression on cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of SM-derived primitive cells remains unknown. Cardiomyogenic differentiation was induced in freshly isolated or culture-expanded Sca-1 + /CD45 � /c-kit � /Thy-1 + (SM+) and Sca1 � /CD45 � /c-kit � /Thy-1 + (SM�) cells isolated from SM of C57BL/6 mice. Expression of mRNA of cardiac-specific antigens and those associated with pluripotency was examined by real-time RTPCR. Phenotypic analysis of expanded cells was performed during each passage by flow cytometry. Cardiomyocytic differentiation in vitro was verified by morphologic analysis, immunocytochemistry, and contractile properties. In freshly isolated cells, compared with unfractionated SMderived cells as well as SM+ cells, mRNA expression of cardiac-specific antigens and those associated with cellular pluripotency was greater in
God, Genes, and Cognizing Agents

Much ink has been spilled on the claim that morality and religion have evolutionary roots. While some attempt to reduce morality and religion to biological considerations, others reject any link whatsoever. Any full account, however, must acknowledge the biological roots of human behavior while at the same time recognizing that our relatively unique capacity as cognitive agents requires orienting concepts of cosmic and human nature. While other organisms display quasi-moral and proto-moral behavior that is indeed relevant, fully moral behavior is only possible for organisms that attain a higher level of cognitive ability. This, in turn, implies a significant role for religion, which has traditionally provided an orientation within which moral conduct is understood.
Inhibition of Auxin Movement from the Shoot into the Root Inhibits Lateral Root Development in Arabidopsis

In roots two distinct polar movements of auxin have been reported that may control different developmental and growth events. To test the hypothesis that auxin derived from the shoot and transported toward the root controls lateral root development, the two polarities of auxin transport were uncoupled in Arabidopsis. Local application of the auxin-transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) at the root-shoot junction decreased the number and density of lateral roots and reduced the free indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels in the root and [3H]IAA transport into the root. Application of NPA to the basal half of or at several positions along the root only reduced lateral root density in regions that were in contact with NPA or in regions apical to the site of application. Lateral root development was restored by application of IAA apical to NPA application. Lateral root development in Arabidopsis roots was also inhibited by excision of the shoot or dark growth and this inhibition was reversible by IAA. Together, these results are consistent with auxin transport from the shoot into the root controlling lateral root development.
Radiocarbon dating of bone apatite by step heating

Summary and Analysis The choice of pretreatment methods is critical to the success of the step heatingmethod as dating results varied widely depending upon the pretreatment used. Theuse of an acetic acid wash followed by a NaOCl/acetic acid wash gave the bestresults. Performing solution transfers under a nitrogen atmosphere may have im-proved dates as well, but more likely the success of Dent series 4 is due to the useof tooth enamel. The success of the dates from Murray Springs supports this con-tention as solution transfers were not performed under nitrogen. All of the seriesgenerally showed a trend of increasing age with increased extraction temperature.The lowest temperature fraction consistently produced the youngest dates and inthree series (e.g., Dent series 2 and 4, Murray Springs) were signiﬁcantly offsetfrom the general trend of the other samples. This suggests that perhaps CO 2 re-leased at very low temperatures ( 500 C) is derived in part from a highly ex-changeable fraction of carbonate, perhaps that absorbed to crystal surfaces aspostulated by Hedges et al. (1995:289).The general patterning seen in the Dent data suggests a system composed of aseries of carbonate fractions that vary in their susceptibility to exchange, with noparticular temperature fraction being totally immune. A simple model shows howtemperature-age spectra may evolve with increased contamination (Figure 3). Themodel shows ﬁve temperature fractions, each being less susceptible to exchangethan the previous lower temperature fraction. As a bone becomes increasinglycontaminated, the slope of temperature-age spectra becomes increasingly steep.This occurs because low temperature fractions, being more susceptible to ex-change, are contaminated at a greater rate than high temperature fractions. If sucha model is accurate, it provides a convenient means of estimating the amount ofcontamination affecting a sample based on shape of the temperature-age spectrumproduced. Spectra with a steep slope tend to produce
Implementation of pharmacogenomics into the clinical practice of therapeutics: issues for the clinician and the laboratorian

Pharmacogenomics promises to improve therapeutic care by providing the right drug and dosage to the appropriate patient. Despite widespread interest in personalized medicine, the implementation of clinical pharmacogenomics has been slow. The major issue for clinicians is the lack of evidence that pharmacogenomic testing improves clinical outcomes and that testing is cost-effective. Only a few randomized clinical trials comparing pharmacogenomic testing with standard protocols have been conducted. The few studies that are available have either been underpowered or demonstrated only modest benefits. Nevertheless, if clinical decisions are made regarding therapeutic selection and dosing, pharmacogenomic testing may be justified. Issues for the clinical laboratories (who are responsible for providing pharmacogenomic services) to consider, include the availability of US FDA-cleared tests, the absence of reimbursement codes, the need for genotyping accuracy and the need to find clinical expertise to interpret laboratory results. From the clinical laboratory perspective, testing can be better implemented when these barriers are resolved or minimized. Clinical pharmacogenomics also offers a new field for translational research and teaching at various levels.
A 65nm 8T Sub-Vt SRAM Employing Sense-Amplifier Redundancy

A 65nm 256kb 8T SRAM operates in sub-V, at 350mV. Peripheral assists eliminate sub-V, bitline leakage without limiting read current, and for a given area, sense-amplifier redundancy reduces read errors from offsets by a factor of five compared with device upsizing.
Computational Prediction of Heme-Binding Residues by Exploiting Residue Interaction Network

Computational identification of heme-binding residues is beneficial for predicting and designing novel heme proteins. Here we proposed a novel method for heme-binding residue prediction by exploiting topological properties of these residues in the residue interaction networks derived from three-dimensional structures. Comprehensive analysis showed that key residues located in heme-binding regions are generally associated with the nodes with higher degree, closeness and betweenness, but lower clustering coefficient in the network. HemeNet, a support vector machine (SVM) based predictor, was developed to identify heme-binding residues by combining topological features with existing sequence and structural features. The results showed that incorporation of network-based features significantly improved the prediction performance. We also compared the residue interaction networks of heme proteins before and after heme binding and found that the topological features can well characterize the heme-binding sites of apo structures as well as those of holo structures, which led to reliable performance improvement as we applied HemeNet to predicting the binding residues of proteins in the heme-free state. HemeNet web server is freely accessible at http://mleg.cse.sc.edu/hemeNet/.
Magnetically gated microelectrodes

Microelectrodes fabricated in the center of single-coil microelectromagnetic traps are described. Magnetic particles are then used to reversibly gate transport of an electroactive species to the surface of the electrode or as a means to produce an ON/OFF bioelectrocatalytic glucose sensor.
A Review of Wave Packet Molecular Dynamics

Warm dense matter systems created in the laboratory are highly dynamical. In such cases electron dynamics is often needed to accurately simulate the evolution and properties of the system. Large systems force one to make simple approximations enabling computational feasibility. Wave packet molecular dynamics (WPMD) provides a simple framework for simulating time-dependent quantum plasmas. Here, this method is reviewed. The different variants of WPMD are shown and compared and their validity is discussed.
Neocortical expression of mutant huntingtin is not required for alterations in striatal gene expression or motor dysfunction in a transgenic mouse

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract in the ubiquitously expressed huntingtin protein. Clinically, HD is characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric deficits. Striking degeneration of the striatum is observed in HD with the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) being the most severely affected neuronal subtype. Dysfunction of MSNs is marked by characteristic changes in gene expression which precede neuronal death. The ubiquitous expression of the huntingtin protein raises the question as to whether the selective vulnerability of the MSN is cell-autonomous, non-cell-autonomous, or a combination thereof. In particular, growing evidence suggests that abnormalities of the cortex and corticostriatal projections may be primary causes of striatal vulnerability. To examine this issue, we developed transgenic mice that, within the forebrain, selectively express a pathogenic huntingtin species in the MSNs, specifically excluding the neocortex. These mice develop a number of abnormalities characteristic of pan-cellular HD mouse models, including intranuclear inclusion bodies, motor impairment, and changes in striatal gene expression. As this phenotype develops in the presence of normal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its major striatal receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B, these data represent the first demonstration of in vivo cell-autonomous transcriptional dysregulation in an HD mouse model. Furthermore, our findings suggest that therapies targeted directly to the striatum may be efficacious at reversing some of the molecular abnormalities present in HD.
A multi-resolution channel-select filter with ultra-wide frequency coverage

A multi-resolution channel select filter topology is proposed for ultra-wideband coverage, as the multi-stage cascade of bimodal filters with self-complementary periodic frequency response. A 4-stage implantation based on PIN diode switches is presented. This prototype covers DC-2.5 GHz in 16 equal bandwidth channels of 156 MHz with a maximum insertion loss of 6.5 dB.
An evaluation of geographic trends in the otolaryngology residency match: Home is where the heart is

Importance Securing an otolaryngology residency position has become an increasingly competitive endeavor in recent years. Recent studies have investigated the applicant criteria used by residency programs as part of the ranking process. However, to our knowledge, no studies have comprehensively investigated the role of geographic location in the match process. Objective To evaluate geographic trends in the otolaryngology national residency match process. Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a cross-sectional examination of 56 otolaryngology residency programs including 810 residents to determine resident demographic information, including matriculated medical schools. Main Outcomes and Measures The geographic locations of residency programs and the residents’ matriculated medical schools were evaluated for trends. Residents’ program locations were compared with the locations of their medical schools of matriculation, and the numbers of residents attending a program affiliated with their medical schools were also identified. Results Overall, 810 residents were identified from the 56 programs included in our study. Of these, 169 residents (20.9%) attended the program affiliated with their medical school. The Midwest had the highest proportion of residents graduating from the affiliated medical school (25.7%), and the West had the lowest proportion (12.5%) ( P = .008). A total of 473 residents attended a program within the same region as their medical school (58.4%). The South had the highest proportion of residents from the same region (68.2%), and the West had the lowest proportion (31.3%) ( P Conclusions and Relevance While it is not clear why a geographic bias was identified, a significant proportion of residents in our study attended a program in the same region as their medical school. This geographic association was strongest in the Midwest and South. Furthermore, a significant proportion of residents attended the program affiliated with their medical schools. This information is valuable to all future applicants as they choose where to apply, and to all residency programs as they decide how geographic location factors in to whom they decide to interview.
Why Do Auditors Over‐Rely on Weak Analytical Procedures? The Role of Outcome and Precision

Recent evidence from highly publicized frauds and from the Public Oversight Board's Panel on Audit Effectiveness (2000) indicates that auditors sometimes over‐rely on evidence provided by weak substantive analytical procedures. In Experiment 1 we examine whether auditors' assessments of evidence quality are affected by a “favorable outcome” bias, manifested when an analytical procedure indicates that the balance under examination is fairly stated. In Experiment 2 we examine whether an explicit ex ante prompt can activate knowledge that will sensitize auditors to the weaknesses of an unreliable substantive analytical procedure. The first experiment provides evidence that auditors attribute more strength to a weak, aggregate‐level analytical procedure that produces an expectation that is not significantly different from the unaudited numbers (i.e., a “favorable” outcome), than to the same analytical procedure that produces an expectation that is significantly different from the unaudited numbers. Further, a...
Double-strand break repair by Ku70 requires heterodimerization with Ku80 and DNA binding functions

Heterodimers of the 70 and 80 kDa Ku autoantigens (Ku70 and Ku80) activate the DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK). Mutations in any of the three subunits of this protein kinase (Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs) lead to sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and to DNA double‐strand breaks, and V(D)J recombination product formation defects. Here we show that the IR repair, DNA end binding and DNA‐PK defects in Ku70−/− embryonic stem cells can be counteracted by introducing epitope‐tagged wild‐type Ku70 cDNA. Truncations and chimeras of Ku70 were used to identify the regions necessary for DNA end binding and IR repair. Site‐specific mutational analysis revealed a core region of Ku70 responsible for DNA end binding and heterodimerization. The propensity for Ku70 to associate with Ku80 and to bind DNA correlates with the ability to activate DNA‐PK, although two mutants showed that the roles of Ku70 in DNA‐PK activation and IR repair are separate. Mutation of DNA‐PK autophosphorylation sites and other structural motifs in Ku70 showed that these sites are not necessary for IR repair in vivo . These studies reveal Ku70 features required for double‐strand break repair.
Microbiological challenges of poultry egg production in the US

Over the past 40 years there have been many changes in egg production and processing, as well as, the egg itself. Many of these changes have contributed to the microbial challenges of the egg that ...
Olmesartan medoxomil-based therapy for the management of hypertension.

Contemporary practice guidelines for hypertension recommend a goal systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) of less than 140/90 mmHg for patients with hypertension and less than 130/80 mmHg for patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. Current guidelines recognize that most patients will require combination therapy to achieve these BP goals and recommend that the agents used in such therapy should have complementary mechanisms of action. Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin receptor blocker approved for the treatment of hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with antihypertensive agents. It is also approved in a fixed-dose combination with hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine. Olmesartan medoxomil-based therapy can manage hypertension across a range of patient types and has demonstrated good BP-lowering efficacy and goal attainment in individuals with stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. The comparative antihypertensive efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil, as monotherapy and as pa...
The Use of Electrochemical Techniques in FDA Analytical Procedures

Today’s analytical procedures utilize a variety of techniques to identify and quantitate the ion, radical or compound under investigation. These techniques may be divided into two general classes: (1) Optical, and (2) Electrochemical.
Countering countertransference, II: beyond evaluation to cross-examination

Countertransference is a clinical term introduced by Freud in 1909. For years, despite mounting criticism, forensic psychiatrists borrowed this clinical concept to explain their emotional experiences and responses to examinees' emotions and behavior. The authors describe the impact of examinee and nonexaminee factors during evaluations and beyond, including during trial and while providing forensic testimony. The suggestion is made that using the term countertransference in forensic psychiatry can be problematic. The authors delineate the complexities of the term as related to forensic psychiatry and consider modified terms to provide a better explanation of these concepts in forensic contexts.
Managing Ammonia Emissions From Screwworm Larval Rearing Media.

Mass production, sterilization, and release of screwworms (Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel)) that were competitive in the field significantly contributed to the successful application of the sterile insect technique for eradication of screwworms from continental North America. Metabolic byproducts resulting from protein-rich diets required for larval screwworms lead to ammonia liberation, sometimes at high levels, within the mass rearing facility. Until recently a sodium polyacrylate gel bulking agent was used for the larval media and adsorbed much of the ammonia. A need to replace the gel with an environmentally "friendly" bulking agent, while not increasing ammonia levels in the rearing facility, led to a series of experiments with the objective of developing procedures to reduce ammonia emissions from the larval media bulked with cellulose fiber. Additives of ammonia-converting bacteria, potassium permanganate, and Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Otrgies powder extract, previously reported to reduce ammonia levels in organic environments, were evaluated. Ammonia-converting bacteria did not have a positive effect. Addition of Y. schidigera powder extract (∼1% of total volume), potassium permanganate (∼250 ppm), and a combination of these two additives (at these same concentrations) kept ammonia at equivalent levels as when larval media was bulked with gel. Potassium permanganate also had sufficient antimicrobial properties that the use of formaldehyde in the diet was not necessary. Further testing is needed, at a mass rearing level, before full implementation into the screwworm eradication program.
Exercising a bounded autonomy: novice and experienced teachers’ adaptations to curriculum materials in an age of accountability

AbstractThis study explores teachers’ first enactments of a set of theory-based curriculum materials designed to support academic language instruction. Specifically, this multiple case study looks at how six middle school English teachers in three US schools adapted the materials; each case includes a pair of teachers, one novice and one more experienced. All schools were located in the same district where a school performance measurement system was being used to publicly rank schools’ academic performance and growth. Multiple measures were used to look for evidence of adaptations and why teachers made adaptations. We found that all teachers adapted the curriculum, most often in response to either perceived student needs or district reform pressures. In two cases, patterns of adaptation differed by teacher experience; experienced teachers appeared better able to adapt curriculum materials to meet instructional goals. This pattern did not hold up at the third school, where teachers faced greater reform pre...
The dreaded body: disgust and the production of “appropriate” femininity

AbstractWhile some literature has explored women’s feelings about social identities like fatness, race, disability, queerness, and aging, little research has examined, from an intersectional perspective, how women construct a dreaded or viscerally disgusting body and how this produces “appropriate” femininity. This paper utilized thematic analysis of qualitative data from a community sample of 20 US women (mean age = 34, SD = 13.35) to illuminate how women imagined a body they dreaded. Responses indicated that defective femininity, having “freak” body parts, fear of excessiveness, loathing a particular person’s body, and language of smelliness and disgust all appeared, weaving together women’s fears about fatness, dark skin, and becoming old or disabled. Implications incorporating visceral disgust to examinations of body image, and the intersectional foundations of women’s dreaded selves, were discussed. Further, imagining “Other” bodies may produce especially vivid narratives around social biases and int...
American Bureaucracy in a Changing Political Setting

Marked changes in the American political culture in recent years have made life considerably more difficult for national administrative agencies and greatly complicated the task of executive officials charged with managing their affairs. These govemmental agencies have had to respond to a continuing public demand both for government services and for a wide range of controls over social and economic activities in American society. This two-fold public demand has persisted even in the face of the deeply antigovernment politics of recent decades.
Influence of sodium fluoride on healing of experimental fractures in rats, squirrel monkeys, and dogs.

Fluoride therapy strengthens callus formation in clinical bone fractures and, when given in large doses prior to experimental animal fracture induction, accelerates fracture repair. Small doses of fluoride were administered after the surgical production of femoral bone fractures. Fluoride-chloride therapy, a dietary supplement, administered in low concentrations (2.27% sodium fluoride and 97.73% sodium chloride) over long periods of time (35 days), accelerated the bony repair process in experimentally induced fractures of the femur in rats, squirrel monkeys, and dogs. Radioautographic, x-ray, gross, and microscopic tissue studies revealed a much better and further developed callus formation associated with thickened trabeculae in the older animal femoral fractures. Accelerated repair with thicker bony trabeculae might occur in clinical cases of traumatic and spontaneous bone fractures if such patients were placed on a moderately elevated fluoride-chloridecalcium therapeutic regime. This clinical approach ...
Expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors changes the Ca2+ signal of Xenopus oocytes

The receptors for the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] form a family of closely related proteins that play an important role in regulating the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration. To test the hypothesis that changing the expression level of Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors could alter the Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ signal, we overexpressed Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor type 1 (InsP3R-1) or type 3 (InsP3R-3) in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Expression of InsP3R-1 increased the velocity of the propagating waves of intracellular Ca2+ release but did not affect the Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced entry of extracellular Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. In contrast, expression of intracellular Ca2+ but markedly increased the magnitude and duration of Ca2+ influx. Immunolocalization studied revealed InsP3R-3 at the endoplasmic reticulum, with a relatively stronger signal at or near the plasma membrane. The results suggest that changing the expression level of an InsP3R can alter the Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ signal and that InsP3R-1 and InsP3R-3 may have different biological functions.
Orbital reconstruction in hypertelorism.

Orbital hypertelorism as defined by increased bony interorbital distance is a complex manifestation of many congenital anomalies. As such, it is associated with a multitude of orbital, adnexal, and surrounding soft-tissue deformities. Management of these problems requires extensive experience and a comprehensive team, permitting adequate preoperative evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. The results obtained may be dramatic.
Cost utility analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis.

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) compared to medical therapy for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without nasal polyposis (NP). Study Design Cohort-style Markov decision-tree economic model with a 36-year time horizon. Methods Two cohorts of 229 CRS patients with and without NP who underwent ESS were compared with a matched cohort of 229 CRS patients from the Medical Expenditures Survey Panel database (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD) who underwent medical management. Utility scores were calculated from sequential patient responses to the EuroQol five-dimensions questionnaire. Decision-tree analysis and a 10-state Markov model utilized published event probabilities and primary data to calculate long-term costs and utility. The primary outcome was the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Thorough sensitivity analyses were performed. Results The reference case for CRS with NP yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for ESS versus medical therapy of $5,687.41/QALY. The reference case for CRS without NP yielded an ICER of $5,405.44/QALY. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve in both cases demonstrated 95% certainty that the ESS strategy was the most cost-effective option at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $20,000/QALY or higher. These results were robust to one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This study demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of ESS compared to medical therapy alone for the management of CRS patients both with and without NP. The presence of nasal polyps was not found to affect the overall cost-effectiveness of ESS. Level of Evidence 2C. Laryngoscope, 127:29–37, 2017
Use of systemic therapy with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer: A National Cancer Data Base analysis

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of systemic therapy along with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS Patients who were 71 years old or older with stage III to IVB squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx treated with definitive radiotherapy with or without systemic therapy were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. Patterns of systemic therapy use before or during definitive radiotherapy were investigated. The association between systemic therapy use and overall survival was investigated with a multivariate, inverse probability–weighted propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Elderly patients treated between 2004 and 2012 (n = 4165) were identified, and 80.4% received systemic therapy. The median follow-up was 26 months (range, 1.8-125 months), and the 3-year overall survival rate was 51.6% (95% confidence interval, 50.0%-53.2%). During the study period, there was an increase in the frequency of systemic therapy use from 64% in 2004 to 86% in 2012. The use of systemic therapy was associated with improved overall survival in the multivariate model (hazard ratio, 1.456; 95% confidence interval, 1.308-1.620; P < .0001). A threshold age above which the use of systemic therapy was not associated with improved overall survival in select patients was not identified. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the available prospective evidence, the majority of elderly patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy also receive systemic therapy. The use of systemic therapy is associated with improved overall survival and should be a patient-specific decision in all age groups. Cancer 2016;122:3472–3483. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Activation Prevents Sepsis-Related Cardiac Dysfunction and Mortality In Mice

Background—Cardiac dysfunction with sepsis is associated with both inflammation and reduced fatty acid oxidation. We hypothesized that energy deprivation accounts for sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction. Methods and Results—Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered to C57BL/6 mice (wild type) induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced fatty acid oxidation and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α and its downstream targets within 6–8 hours. Transgenic mice in which cardiomyocyte-specific expression of PPARγ is driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter (αMHC-PPARγ) were protected from LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Despite a reduction in PPARα, fatty acid oxidation and associated genes were not decreased in hearts of LPS-treated αMHC-PPARγ mice. LPS treatment, however, continued to induce inflammation-related genes, such as interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in hearts of αMHC-PPARγ mice. Treatment of wild-type mice with LPS a...
Patulin Production by Species of Aspergillus and Penicillium at 1.7, 7.2, and 12.8 C.

Two strains each of Aspergillus clavatus (NRRL 1980 and ATCC 9599), Penicillium claviforme (NRRL 1001 and 1002), Penicillium expansum (FM 1071 and NRRL 973), and Penicillium patulum (ATCC 24550 and FM 1172); and one strain of Penicillium griseofulvum (NRRL 2300) were inoculated into potato-dextrose broth and incubated at 1.7, 7.2, and 12.8 C for 110, 84, and 55 days, respectively. All cultures grew at all temperatures. Patulin production by P. griseofulvum and P. claviforme , NRRL 1001, was limited or inhibited at 1.7 C, whereas at 7.2 C only P. griseofulvum , NRRL 2300, failed to produce toxin. Patulin was produced at 12.8 C by all nine cultures.
The impact of world trade on the Port of Rotterdam and the wider region of Rotterdam-Rijnmond

Abstract We study the economic impact of world trade on the throughput in the Port of Rotterdam and the regional economy of Rotterdam-Rijnmond. We use a two-step approach. In the first step we analyze the relationship between world trade and the port’s throughput. In the second step we deal with the impact of the port’s throughput on regional economic indicators like income and number of jobs. It appears that the global business cycle determines the port activities and that, in turn, the port activities are essential for the regional economic development, in this way linking the regional economy to the global business cycle. Diversification of the regional economy is recommended to make the regional economy more resilient.
Viewing education through a psychological lens: the contributions of Barbara Biber.

The legacy of Barbara Biber is described in terms of the depth and explanatory power of her knowledge of child development, and the manner in which this knowledge was used to transform our ways of thinking about the psychological ramifications of schooling.
On-Demand Capture and Release of Organic Droplets Using Surfactant-Doped Polypyrrole Surfaces.

In this paper, we demonstrate the controlled capture and release of dichloromethane (DCM) droplets on dodecylbenzenesulfonate-doped polypyrrole (PPy(DBS)) surfaces in an aqueous environment. The droplets captured on oxidized PPy(DBS) surfaces were released on-demand via a reduction process at ∼0.9 V, with controlled release time and droplet morphology. The release time of an entire droplet (2 ± 1 μL) was proportional to the thickness of the PPy(DBS) coating, increasing from 11.5 to 26.3 s for thicknesses ranging from 0.6 to 5.1 μm. The droplet-release time was also affected by the redox voltages, and among the tested redox voltages, the fastest release was achieved at −0.9/0.1 V. The PPy(DBS) surfaces with larger thicknesses were more durable for the droplet capture and release. The droplets were more rapidly released from PPy(DBS) surfaces with increased surface roughness ratios, such as 6.0 s on a micropillared surface and 10.3 s on a meshed surface, as compared to 14.6 s on the 1.8 μm thick PPy(DBS) su...
Transforming Olefins into γ,δ‐Unsaturated Nitriles through Copper Catalysis

We have developed a strategy to transform olefins into homoallylic nitriles through a mechanism that combines copper catalysis with alkyl nitrile radicals. The radicals are easily generated from alkyl nitriles in the presence of the mild oxidant di-tert-butyl peroxide. This cross-dehydrogenative coupling between simple olefins and alkylnitriles bears advantages over the conventional use of halides and toxic cyanide reagents. With this method, we showcase the facile synthesis of a flavoring agent, a natural product, and a polymer precursor from simple olefins.
OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AND SITE PREFERENCE OF THE BROWNBANDED COCKROACH, SUPELLA LONGIPALPA (F.) (DICTYOPTERA: BLATTELLIDAE)

Oviposition behavior and site preference for oothecal deposition by Supella longipalpa (F.) females were investigated. The behavioral sequence and oviposition site preference were determined by typ...
Geomechanical lithology-based analysis of microseismicity in organic shale sequences: A Pennsylvania Marcellus Shale example

Abstract Using an innovative workflow incorporating microseismic attributes and geomechanical well logs, we have defined major geomechanical drivers of microseismic expression to understand reservoir stimulation response in an engineering/geologic context. Microseismic data from a hydraulically fractured Marcellus well in the Appalachian Basin, central Pennsylvania, were sampled vertically through the event cloud, crossing shale, limestone, sandstone, and chert. We focused our analysis on the Devonian organic shale and created pseudologs of moment magnitude (Mw), b-value, and event count. The vertical moving-average sampling of microseismic data was completed such that the sample interval matched that of the geophysical well logs. This technique creates robust, high-resolution microseismic logs that show subtle changes in microseismic properties and allow direct crossplotting of microseismic versus geophysical logs. We chose five geomechanical properties to form the framework against which to interrogate ...
Cryotherapy to treat and prevent airway stenosis in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis

We report our use of cryotherapy delivered via flexible bronchoscopy in a 15-year old girl with granulomatosis with polyangiitis to both treat established airway stenosis and prevent multi-level progression of disease.
Integrating the whole from the sum of the parts: vignettes in computational biology

As is typical of contemporary cutting-edge interdisciplinary fields, computational biology touches and impacts many disciplines ranging from fundamental studies in the areas of genomics, proteomics transcriptomics, lipidomics to practical applications such as personalized medicine, drug discovery, and synthetic biology. This editorial examines the multifaceted role computational biology plays. Using the tools of deep learning, it can make powerful predictions of many biological variables, which may not provide a deep understanding of what factors contribute to the phenomena. Alternatively, it can provide the how and the why of biological processes. Most importantly, it can help guide and interpret what experiments and biological systems to study.
Abstract 13069: Prescribed Flow Reserve as a Novel Method for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Ischemia Under Physiologically-Realistic Conditions

Background. Failure to achieve maximal hyperemia in coronary arteries during fractional flow reserve (FFR) may result in under-estimation of pressure drop (ΔP) and over-estimation of FFR, and possi...
A Comparison of the Financial Characteristics of European and Asian Manufacturing Firms

Comparing the financial characteristics of firms in different countries has been a popular research topic in finance. However, general financial characteristics of European and Asian manufacturing firms have never been compared. In this paper, we undertake such a study with the MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) technique. Our research uses all European and Asian manufacturing firms included in the Research Insight/Global Vintage database at the end of 2015. Our findings may provide valuable insights for financial managers and global investors. We find that Asian firms tend to have less liquidity risk but more bankruptcy risk compared with European firms. European firms have more efficient accounts receivable management and higher fixed and total assets turnover rates. However, Asian firms have higher inventory turnover and sales growth rates. Return on equity is not significantly different in European and Asian firms. However, Asian firms have significantly higher net profit margin and return on assets compared with European firms.