cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
β-Hairpin loop of eukaryotic initiation factor 1 (eIF1) mediates 40 s ribosome binding to regulate initiator tRNAMet recruitment and accuracy of AUG selection in vivo

Recognition of the translation initiation codon is thought to require dissociation of eIF1 from the 40 S ribosomal subunit, enabling irreversible GTP hydrolysis (Pi release) by the eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi ternary complex (TC), rearrangement of the 40 S subunit to a closed conformation incompatible with scanning, and stable binding of Met-tRNAi to the P site. The crystal structure of a Tetrahymena 40 S·eIF1 complex revealed several basic amino acids in eIF1 contacting 18 S rRNA, and we tested the prediction that their counterparts in yeast eIF1 are required to prevent premature eIF1 dissociation from scanning ribosomes at non-AUG triplets. Supporting this idea, substituting Lys-60 in helix α1, or either Lys-37 or Arg-33 in β-hairpin loop-1, impairs binding of yeast eIF1 to 40 S·eIF1A complexes in vitro, and it confers increased initiation at UUG codons (Sui− phenotype) or lethality, in a manner suppressed by overexpressing the mutant proteins or by an eIF1A mutation (17–21) known to impede eIF1 dissociation in vitro. The eIF1 Sui− mutations also derepress translation of GCN4 mRNA, indicating impaired ternary complex loading, and this Gcd− phenotype is likewise suppressed by eIF1 overexpression or the 17–21 mutation. These findings indicate that direct contacts of eIF1 with 18 S rRNA seen in the Tetrahymena 40 S·eIF1 complex are crucial in yeast to stabilize the open conformation of the 40 S subunit and are required for rapid TC loading and ribosomal scanning and to impede rearrangement to the closed complex at non-AUG codons. Finally, we implicate the unstructured N-terminal tail of eIF1 in blocking rearrangement to the closed conformation in the scanning preinitiation complex. Background: Start codon selection requires eIF1 dissociation from its 40 S-binding site. Results: eIF1 residues in β-hairpin loop-1 and helix α1 make functionally critical contacts with the 40 S subunit. Conclusion: Direct 40 S contacts of eIF1 regulate the rate of Met-tRNAi recruitment and block non-AUG recognition. Significance: eIF1's direct contacts with the 40 S subunit are crucial for AUG recognition in vivo.
Signalling strategies for osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells for 3D bone tissue engineering

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) have recently shown the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages in all three embryonic germ layers. The osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs in monolayer culture has been reported, while the differentiation in three-dimensional biomaterials has not yet been reported for tissue-engineering applications. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using hUCMSCs for bone tissue engineering. hUCMSCs were cultured in poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds in osteogenic medium (OM) for 3 weeks, after which the scaffolds were exposed to several different media, including the OM, a mineralization medium (MM) and the MM with either 10 or 100 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. The osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by the up-regulation of Runx2 and OCN, calcium quantification and bone histology. Switching from the OM to the MM promoted collagen synthesis and calcium content per cell, while continuing in the OM retained more cells in the constructs and promoted higher osteogenic gene expression. The addition of IGF-1 into the MM had no effect on cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis. In conclusion, hUCMSCs show significant potential for bone tissue engineering and culturing in the OM throughout the entire period is beneficial for osteogenic differentiation of these cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
`You Want to Be a Girl and Not My Friend' African-american/Black Girls' Play Activities with and without Boys

Few researchers have closely examined intersections between race and gender in the social relations of children, and the voices and experiences of African-American girls have been notably absent in the literature on children's peer relations. This article, based on fieldwork with the first-graders in two racially mixed US elementary schools, draws upon Black feminist theory to examine intersections between gender and racialized ethnicity, especially in the experiences of African-American girls. Findings suggest that racial positioning and gender of the African-American girls hold different meanings according to the context. The impact of race and gender as intersecting forces on the girls' peer interactions are considered.
Microscopic theory of electromigration on semiconductor surfaces.

Electromigration has a dramatic effect on the morphology of semiconductor surfaces, inducing, for example, step bunching instabilities. To explain these phenomena from a microscopic point of view, we study self-diffusion on Si(111) through first principles calculations, and propose a mechanism for diffusion bias induced by external electric fields. A competing, wind-force effect arises from enhanced surface electron density, due to incomplete melting. The competition leads to two transitions in surface kinetics with increasing temperature, in agreement with experimental observations.
Management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Significant advances have occurred in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of ARDS. It is now recognized that ARDS is a manifestation of a diffuse process that results from a complicated cascade of events following an initial insult or injury. Mechanical ventilation and PEEP are still important components of supportive therapy. To avoid ventilator-associated lung injury there is emphasis on targeting ventilator management based on measurement of pulmonary mechanics. For those with resistant hypoxia and severe pulmonary hypertension adjunctive modalities, such as prone positioning and low-dose iNO, may provide important benefit. Alternative modes of supporting gas exchange, such as with partial liquid ventilation and extracorporeal gas-exchange, may serve as rescue therapies. Advances in cell and molecular biology have contributed to a better understanding of the role of inflammatory cells and mediators that contribute to the acute lung injury and the pathophysiology of the syndrome that manifests as ARDS. Based on this new understanding, the potential targets for intervention to ameliorate the systemic inflammatory response have proliferated. Examples include the cytokine network and its receptors, antioxidants, and endothelins. Apart from the challenge of testing these agents in experimental models, it seems likely that determination of the optimum combination of agents will become an equally important endeavor. A particular challenge is to develop better methods of predicting which of the many at-risk patients will go on to full-blown ARDS and MODS, thereby targeting subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies. Similarly, the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy may be diminished by improved, perhaps molecular, techniques to detect microbial pathogens and permit differentiation between Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis.
Key issues and new approaches for evaluating citizen‐science learning outcomes

Ecologically oriented citizen-science experiences engage the public in learning while facilitating the achievement of robust scientific program goals. Evaluation of learning outcomes has become increasingly prioritized, requiring citizen-science program managers to understand key issues in evaluation. We argue that citizen science can have other, more far-reaching community-level outcomes, which have received less attention but warrant consideration for continued programmatic improvement.
On the stability analysis of imperfect spherical shells

Axisymmetrically imperfect spherical thin shell stability analysis, comparing results with theory of initial postbuckling behavior
A Rare Case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease in an Adult Male Associated with Auto-immune Hemolytic Anemia.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign histiocytic proliferative disorder predominantly of the lymph nodes, which mostly occurs in children and young adults typically presenting with lymphadenopathy. Our case is of a 63 year-old African-American male who presented with subjective fever, weight loss, bilateral axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy as well as auto-immune hemolytic anemia. The histological analysis showed emperipolesis and histiocytes that were positive for S-100 and CD-68 consistent with RDD. After steroid treatment and splenectomy, patient’s symptoms and hemolytic anemia had resolved. Our case is the first case of RDD reported to be associated with auto-immune hemolytic anemia in an adult.
Logarithmic filter banks

A technique for designing and approximating digital filter banks whose center frequencies are spaced logarithmically is provided. The resonator with the purely imaginary transfer function on the unit circle is treated as the basic element of the bank, and the frequency interpolating filter bank structure is applied. Different pole-zero structures are studied, and an infinite filter bank is explored from the theoretical point of view. The connection to a variant of least-mean-square adaptive filters is described. The results show that these filter banks have good frequency response and allow control of crossover gain, and they are useful for voice and music analysis and tone receivers. >
Reconfigurable waveband cross-connect and its application in 112 Gb/s WDM system

We demonstrated a reconfigurable waveband cross-connect that can dynamically configure uniform and non-uniform waveband assignments to improve aggregation efficiency. We applied it on 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed RZ-QPSK WDM system and obtained good system performance.
Analysis of ankle−hindfoot stability in patients with ankle instability and normals

Purpose We devised a testing apparatus for in vivo analysis of ankle stability. The purpose of the study was to test the reliability of this apparatus and to determine the stability pattern of the ankle−hindfoot complex in healthy, asymptomatic volunteers and in patients with ankle instability.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING

In this paper an attempt is made to formulate one type of international trade problem within a class of mathematical programming models. A new approach--from the dual side--to the proofs of existence and characteristics of the solution of the Koopmans-Hitchcock transportation cost minimization linear programming problem is presented, and the same approach is applied to the quadratic programming formulation of the problem.
Wireless LAN PC card sensing of vital signs

Heart and respiration activity can be monitored remotely without any sensors attached to the subject, using the microwave Doppler radar principle. Implementation of this function using wireless LAN PC cards is described. Heart rate was successfully obtained with two minimally modified LAN cards each driven by a laptop computer, at a distance of 40 cm from the subject. This is the first demonstration of the use of a modified wireless terminal for remote sensing of vital signs.
Making Sense of Modeling: Beyond Representation

It has recently been aptly emphasized that how models are used is essential to what scientific models are. But the explanations of why and how a model is used or why a model is scientifically valuable are still merely in terms of the relation between the model and its target, just as they were before the explicit mention of uses and users. To use a model is to perform an action, and as for any action, different accounts can be given depending on the perspective that is adopted. An account of use and users in terms of relations between the model and its target is close to the poorest we could get of the role of the users and the function of models. I will argue that models need to be regarded as elements of an epistemic space, a space of related models-of-phenomena and activities of modeling. On that view, whether a model-of-X is epistemically valuable or scientifically worthwhile depends on the difference it makes in this epistemic space with respect to the investigation of scientifically significant problems. I will focus on the most common way for a model to make a difference: to be used in the construction of other models.
A Note on Black Hole and Naked Singularity.

Recently THORNY. (~) and LIANG (2) have independently constructed explicit models of cylindrical dust collapsing into the naked singularity (a) of an external vacuum field. There are also indications that similar models can exist even with pressure (4). Although such models may be too artificial because of their cylindrical symmetry, it seems that, at least for the moment, the possibility of gravitational collapse into a naked singularity should be considered. If both black hole and naked singularity arc going r stay, one question naturally arises: what is the dividing line between the initial physical conditions that will lead to one or the other? Before we can try to attack this extremely difficult problem it seems logical to first find out more about the intrinsic differences between singularities which are ~ hidden ~) behind event horizons (3) and those which are naked (a). In this note we briefly report some preliminary findings obtained after analyzing a large number of known exact solutions. We then propose a conjecture based on these results. True or not, we hope that further studies along the lines of this conjecture may bring about deeper insights into the nature of things. We deal exclusively with asymptotically flat (~) space-times and singularities at which curvature invariants and matter variables blow up. In maximally extended space-times there are usually more than one connected component of the singularity. So whenever we say ~ a ~ singularity it is understood that we are referring to one partitular component. In order to define invariant concepts we also limit ourselves to consider only geodesic normal singularity (5) (GNS), namely, singularity which admits a unique 3-parameter congruence of (spacelike or timelike) irrotational geodesics that strike it simultaneously. At present, singularities of most, if not all, known exact solu
Answering approximate string queries on large data sets using external memory

An approximate string query is to find from a collection of strings those that are similar to a given query string. Answering such queries is important in many applications such as data cleaning and record linkage, where errors could occur in queries as well as the data. Many existing algorithms have focused on in-memory indexes. In this paper we investigate how to efficiently answer such queries in a disk-based setting, by systematically studying the effects of storing data and indexes on disk. We devise a novel physical layout for an inverted index to answer queries and we study how to construct it with limited buffer space. To answer queries, we develop a cost-based, adaptive algorithm that balances the I/O costs of retrieving candidate matches and accessing inverted lists. Experiments on large, real datasets verify that simply adapting existing algorithms to a disk-based setting does not work well and that our new techniques answer queries efficiently. Further, our solutions significantly outperform a recent tree-based index, BED-tree.
Free Scholarly Electronic Journals: What Access Do College and University Libraries Provide?.

Results of a survey of the level of access provided to selected, free scholarly electronic journals by academic libraries is reported. A list of scholarly journals that are available electronically without any access limitations was compiled, and for each title the number of holding institutions on OCLC and its coverage by major abstracting and indexing services were determined. The twenty-five most popular titles, determined by number of holding institutions on OCLC, were searched on a random sample of library Web sites and catalogs to provide a separate gauge for access levels provided by institutions. Despite approximately half the titles being indexed by major vendors, including 88 percent of the top twenty-five, access levels were fairly low and decreased dramatically with size of the institution. The Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society and Journal of Extension provide examples of free e-journals with print counterparts. Approximately one-half and one-third of the institutions, respectively, provide access to only the print versions of these journals (in the latter case, the print version is no longer produced, so access to current issues is not provided).
Sustained Economic Growth and the Financial System

Traditional growth theory does not include financing and suggests that growth will be continuous. In fact, however, growth is often discontinuous. In some periods, there are booms with rapid growth that end in financial crises with low growth for sustained periods. This paper argues that the financial system plays a crucial role in understanding these variations in growth. High growth may require that firms and entrepreneurs take non-diversifiable risks to obtain high returns. This risk taking may lead to high growth but also to frequent crises. Although growth followed by crisis can be beneficial, this is not always the case. When a crisis follows the bursting of a bubble in asset prices, it can have very negative impacts on growth, as in the U.S. Great Depression or in Japan in the 1990s. For sustained growth, policy should be devoted to avoiding bubbles, contagion, and financial fragility.
Fisher v. University of Texas: A Call for Democratic Constitutionalism in Promoting Diversity

The eminent scholar John Rohr in one of his many treatises argued that as we progress through time, the U.S. Supreme Court becomes more socially adaptable in terms of its interpretation of race issues under the U.S. Constitution. He also pointed out that the courts should be working with policy makers responding to the demands of the day, to promote vital goals such as diversity in higher education. This article illustrates the evolution of affirmative action qua diversity over time, and shows that through the progression of time, the High Court’s decisions on diversity or affirmative action programs have become more enlightened, certainly reflecting the values of policy makers as well as societal norms. In 2013, the Court agreed to hear an appeal to Fifth Circuit’s ruling in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, which upheld the use of affirmative action in accordance with Grutter as well as Bakke. If the Court had overturned these decisions, it would have single-handedly destroyed decades of progress...
Setting the Legislative Agenda: The Dimensional Structure of Bill Cosponsoring and Floor Voting

The shape of the legislative agenda varies through the legislative process. At the policy debate stage, where legislative proposals are introduced, packaged, and debated, members' bill cosponsoring patterns reveal a multidimensional agenda. At the decision stage on the legislative floor, members' voting patterns reveal a low-dimensional agenda. This article compares the dimensional structures of legislators' bill cosponsoring and floor voting activities during the 103rd and 104th Congresses. The analyses show that bill cosponsoring contains at least three and as many as five distinct dimensions, suggesting that pre-floor legislative activities play an important role in structuring the lines of conflict for floor decisions.
Clinical use of positron emission tomography in the management of cutaneous melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is the seventh most common newly diagnosed cancer among Americans. It frequently metastasizes and is difficult to treat. Accurate disease staging is important for optimizing therapy and selecting appropriate patients for experimental trials. Positron emission computed tomography (PET) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been studied extensively since 1991 and shows great promise in the detection of metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Cumulative data from the last 13 years is reviewed in this article and suggest that FDG-PET is the modality of choice for evaluating patients who fit into one of four categories: 1) individuals with a high risk for distant metastases based on extent of locoregional disease, 2) patients with findings that are suspicious for distant metastases, 3) individuals with known distant tumor deposits who still stand to benefit from customized therapies if new lesions are discovered or treated lesions regress, and 4) patients at high risk for systemic relapse who are considering aggressive medical therapy. Despite the overall superiority of FDG-PET in the detection of melanoma metastases, limitations exist with respect to detection of small lung nodules and brain metastases, which are better evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively.
Contraceptive Counseling for the Younger Adolescent Woman A Suggested Solution to the Problem

The younger adolescent woman seeking contraceptive counseling presents clinicians with special problems specific to her age group. These include long-term physiological considerations plus psychological and social dynamics. An individualized clinic program, with emphasis on backup contraceptive methods, is suggested as a comprehensive solution.
STAT-6 mediates TRAIL induced RANK ligand expression in stromal/preosteoblast cells

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is a critical osteoclastogenic factor expressed in bone marrow stromal/osteoblast lineage cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels are elevated in pathologic conditions such as multiple myeloma and inflammatory arthritis, and have been positively correlated with osteolytic markers. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) which inhibits osteoclastogenesis is a decoy receptor for RANKL and also known to interact with TRAIL. Herein, we show that TRAIL increases DR5 and DcR1 receptors but no change in the levels of DR4 and DcR2 expression in human bone marrow derived stromal/preosteoblast (SAKA-T) cell line. We further demonstrated that TRAIL treatment significantly decreased OPG mRNA expression. Interestingly, TRAIL treatment induced RANKL mRNA expression in these cells. In addition, TRAIL significantly increased NF-kB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. Human transcription factor array screening by real-time RT-PCR identified TRAIL up-regulation of the signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT)-6 expression in SAKA-T cells. TRAIL stimulation induced p-STAT-6 expression in human bone marrow derived primary stromal/preosteoblast cells. Confocal microscopy analysis further revealed p-STAT-6 nuclear localization in SAKA-T cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed p-STAT-6 binding to the hRANKL gene distal promoter region. In addition, siRNA suppression of STAT-6 expression inhibits TRAIL increased hRANKL gene promoter activity. Thus, our results suggest that TRAIL induces RANKL expression through a STAT-6 dependent transcriptional regulatory mechanism in bone marrow stromal/preosteoblast cells.
Direct Measurement of Total trans- and cis-Octadecenoic Fatty Acids Based on a Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Class Separation of trans-18:1 and cis-18:1 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) class separation is described whereby the contents of total trans- and cis-octadecenoic fatty acids can be obtained for relatively simple samples such as margarines and for more complicated food mixtures and biological specimens. The method is an adjunct to the standard process commonly used for quantitating the general fatty acid profile of a sample (extraction of lipids, preparation of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids, GLC separation on Carbowax-20M capillary columns). There is no incremental work beyond the addition of one chromatographic run on a cyanosilicone capillary column at 242°C that lasts only 20-25 min. The chromatograms provide a composite trans peak and a composite cis peak with sufficient resolution between them to provide direct estimation of total trans- and cis-octadecenoic fatty acids. A concurrent analysis for the general profile of fatty acids in an unknown (using Carbowax20M columns) is included with every analysis for trans content to check for internal consistency and for general quality control.
The Perfume Factory: A Parable for Language Teachers

N THE SOUTH OF FRANCE between Menton and Nice, not far from the Italian border, stands a perfume factory. Although it occupies a small area, this particular establishment boasts the latest equipment in the manufacture of perfumes. Visitors are welcome there and are shown, with obvious pride on the part of the proprietors, the many sequential operations which have been automated in the manufacture of their distinc-
Detecting and identifying two-dimensional symmetry-protected topological, symmetry-breaking, and intrinsic topological phases with modular matrices via tensor-network methods

Symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases exhibit nontrivial order if symmetry is respected but are adiabatically connected to the trivial product phase if symmetry is not respected. However, unlike the symmetry-breaking phase, there is no local order parameter for SPT phases. Here we employ a tensor-network method to compute the topological invariants characterized by the simulated modular $S$ and $T$ matrices to study transitions in a few families of two-dimensional (2D) wave functions which are ${\mathbb{Z}}_{N}$ $(N=2\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}3)$ symmetric. We find that in addition to the topologically ordered phases, the modular matrices can be used to identify nontrivial SPT phases and detect transitions between different SPT phases as well as between symmetric and symmetry-breaking phases. Therefore modular matrices can be used to characterize various types of gapped phases in a unifying way.
Increasing the switching frequency of GaN HFET converters

GaN-on-Si switches, hard-switching 400V at 1MHz, have demonstrated power conversion with 96% efficiency, outperforming Si MOSFETs. This performance was achieved using hybrid integration of bare GaN and gate driver die, resulting in clean waveforms with a slew rate of 100V/ns. The new Si Super-Junction (SJ) MOSFETs have a hard-switching figure-of-merit (FOM) which is approaching that of GaN HFETs. However, GaN's FOM for soft-switching is more than 9X better than Si SJMOSFET. Using this FOM, GaN ICs in 400V soft-switching converters are predicted to switch beyond 100MHz.
Microanalysis of carbonate cement δ18O in a CO2-storage system seal: Insights into the diagenetic history of the Eau Claire Formation (Upper Cambrian), Illinois Basin

Oxygen isotope (δ18O) zonation in carbonate mineral cements is often employed as a proxy record (typically with millimeter-scale resolution) of changing temperature regimes during different stages of sediment diagenesis. Recent advances in secondary ion mass spectrometry allow for highly precise and accurate determinations of cement δ18O values to be made in situ on a micrometer scale, thus significantly increasing the spatial resolution available to studies of diagenesis in sandstone–shale and carbonate systems. Chemo-isotopically zoned dolomite–ankerite cements within shaly sandstone beds of the predominantly silty–shaly Eau Claire Formation (Cambrian, Illinois Basin) were investigated, revealing the following: with increasing depth of burial (from <0.5 to ∼2 km [<1500 to 6500 ft]), cement δ18O values decrease from a high of approximately 24‰ down to approximately 14‰ (on the Vienna standard mean ocean water [VSMOW] scale, equivalent to −6.5‰ to −16.5‰ on the Vienna Peedee belemnite [VPDB] scale). The observed cross-basin trend is largely consistent with cements having formed in response to progressive sediment burial and heating. Within the context of independent burial and thermal history models for the Illinois Basin, cementation began soon after deposition and continued intermittently into the mid-Permian. However, temperatures in excess of burial model predictions are inferred at the time of latest ankerite cement precipitation, which we propose overlapped in time with conductive heating of the Eau Claire Formation (a closed system) from under- and overlying sandstone aquifers that channeled the flow of hot, Mississippi Valley–type mineralizing brines during the mid-Permian (ca. 270 Ma).
Probing substrate effects in the carbon-projected band structure of graphene on Pt(111) through resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

The unoccupied and occupied \ensuremath{\sigma} and \ensuremath{\pi} bands of graphene on Pt(111) were measured using near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the carbon $K$ edge. Elemental specificity and crystal-momentum conservation allows for detection of the dispersive band structure. In addition to features arising from the band structure of free-standing graphene, signatures of symmetry breaking were identified in XAS and in RIXS for excitation around the Fermi level. These additional features are proposed to derive from weak graphene-substrate interactions which manifest as substrate hybridization and surface umklapp processes due to Moir\'e superlattice vectors.
Photothermoelastic investigation of stresses in a composite model: This technical note describes a technique for observing thermal-stress concentrations around circular cavities and inclusions in two-dimensional photoelastic models

Photothermoelas t ic i ty provides a means for analyzing the state of stress in a birefringent material subject to s teady or t ransienttemperature distributions. In terpre ta t ion of the observed fringes is straightforward, providing the physical and optical properties of the material do not vary with temperature. For tunately , some epoxies (e.g., Hysol 4290) do have properties which are constant over a relat ively wide tempera ture range. The applicability of photothermoelast ici ty for the analysis of thermal stresses in composite s tructures is investigated herein. A technique has been developed for producing various tempera ture distribu-
Social behavior in the pseudoscorpionParatemnus elongatus (Banks) (Pseudoscorpionida: Atemnidae)

Paratemnus elongatus (Banks) in south-central Florida exhibits a remarkable degree of social organization involving cooperative predation, cooperative spinning and occupation of silken nests, and multiple phoresy: Mating behavior resembles that of the relatedAtemnus politus, but brooding behavior is unique in that the female removes the embryos from her abdomen after filling them with nutritive fluid. Social behavior in this species may produce interrelatedness among colony members while serving to maintain predation competence.
Outcomes across the care continuum.

Objectives. This article focuses on issues facing scientists and clinicians in developing outcomes useful across the care continuum, particularly in examining the impact of care delivery systems. Methods. Research and current corporate examples of the continuum of care delivery and relevant outcomes were reviewed. Questions addressed included the following: How do we know when networks or care systems are successful? What are the clinical and financial indicators of system success? What are the indicators of declining performance? Results and Conclusions. Approaches to describing program or system outcomes have included snapshots at single points in time, snapshots of system transitions, multiple snapshots (global indicators), and population-based outcomes. Crucial methodological issues include identification of severity and risk adjustment, access to usable data across settings, determination of the portion of an intervention to allocate to quality and cost outcomes, and integration of disease-specific, population-specific, and general outcome measures.
Performance analysis of model based iterative reconstruction with dictionary learning in transportation security CT

In this study, we implement and compare model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) with dictionary learning (DL) over MBIR with pairwise pixel-difference regularization, in the context of transportation security. DL is a technique of sparse signal representation using an over complete dictionary which has provided promising results in image processing applications including denoising,1 as well as medical CT reconstruction.2 It has been previously reported that DL produces promising results in terms of noise reduction and preservation of structural details, especially for low dose and few-view CT acquisitions.2 A distinguishing feature of transportation security CT is that scanned baggage may contain items with a wide range of material densities. While medical CT typically scans soft tissues, blood with and without contrast agents, and bones, luggage typically contains more high density materials (i.e. metals and glass), which can produce severe distortions such as metal streaking artifacts. Important factors of security CT are the emphasis on image quality such as resolution, contrast, noise level, and CT number accuracy for target detection. While MBIR has shown exemplary performance in the trade-off of noise reduction and resolution preservation, we demonstrate that DL may further improve this trade-off. In this study, we used the KSVD-based DL3 combined with the MBIR cost-minimization framework and compared results to Filtered Back Projection (FBP) and MBIR with pairwise pixel-difference regularization. We performed a parameter analysis to show the image quality impact of each parameter. We also investigated few-view CT acquisitions where DL can show an additional advantage relative to pairwise pixel difference regularization.
Quantitative exploration into the diffusion process of creative ideas in economics: nobel prize laureates

In this study, we aim to keep track of how creative ideas in economic sciences have been created and diffused into successive research. Toward that end, we investigate the intellectual landscapes of the Nobel Prize awardees' research and the articles citing the literature. Our study is based on two sets of bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science. The "Creation" dataset, obtained through an author search, contains 1,745 original research and review articles of the laureates. The "Diffusion" dataset, consisting of 134,866 records, was collected by citation expansion. We identified bursting keywords and intellectual landscapes of the domain in creation and diffusion perspectives. We found that the dominant research themes that had influenced the laureates' research from 1980 till 1999 were macroeconomic tests and economic analysis in time series. Then, the creative ideas have diverged into a variety of issues such as labor market, economic governance, market design, asset pricing, and economic decision making. We identified that these ideas have been diffused into successive research topics such as intertemporal general equilibrium model, reciprocity in economics, estimating profitable asset pricing, and socioecological economics. Finally, it is argued that economic research around the laureates has become divergent over time.
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: current status and future outlook

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition secondary to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Surgical therapy serves as an adjunct when unwanted medication side effects become apparent or additional therapy is needed. Deep brain stimulation emerged into the forefront in the 1990s. Studies have demonstrated improvement in all of the cardinal parkinsonian signs with stimulation. Frameless and 'mini-frame' stereotactic systems, improved MRI for anatomic visualization, and intraoperative MRI-guided placement are a few of the surgical advances in deep brain stimulation. Other advances include rechargeable pulse generators, voltage- or current-based stimulation, and enhanced abilities to 'steer' stimulation. Work is ongoing investigating closed-loop 'smart' stimulation in which stimulation is predicated on neuronal feedback.
Enhancements to the timing of the OMEGA laser system to improve illumination uniformity

Two diagnostics have been developed to improve the uniformity on the OMEGA Laser System, which is used for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The first diagnostic measures the phase of an optical modulator (used for the spectral dispersion technique employed on OMEGA to enhance spatial smoothing), which adds bandwidth to the optical pulse. Setting this phase precisely is required to reduce pointing errors. The second diagnostic ensures that the arrival times of all the beams are synchronized. The arrival of each of the 60 OMEGA beams is measured by placing a 1-mm diffusing sphere at target chamber center. By comparing the arrival time of each beam with respect to a reference pulse, the measured timing spread of the OMEGA Laser System is now 3.8 ps.
Evaluation of Animal Manure Composition for Protection of Sensitive Water Supplies Through Nutrient Recovery Processes

In the last decade, the waste management and treatment paradigm has shifted toward resource recovery for water, energy, and nutrients, among other valuable chemicals. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of nutrient loads in agricultural waste from various perspectives, including ecological protection, human health and well being, and economic, political, and food security. This chapter comprehensively examines the aqueous chemistry of animal manures through chemical equilibrium modeling to determine optimal conditions for nutrient release and recovery. Here, we have focused on poultry, swine, and dairy cow manure. While several different solids can be effectively precipitated, struvite (poultry, swine) and hydroxyapatite (dairy cow) were the dominant products. These findings indicate that over 95% recovery of nutrients is possible through pH manipulation and solid/liquid separation processes. Given the impact of agriculturally derived nutrients on water resources, we posit that nutrient recovery technologies cannot only alleviate that stress, but also provide alternative sources of valuable agrochemicals.
Stage- and subunit-specific functions of polycomb repressive complex 2 in bladder urothelial formation and regeneration

ABSTRACT Urothelium is the protective lining of the urinary tract. The mechanisms underlying urothelial formation and maintenance are largely unknown. Here, we report the stage-specific roles of PRC2 epigenetic regulators in embryonic and adult urothelial progenitors. Without Eed , the obligatory subunit of PRC2, embryonic urothelial progenitors demonstrate reduced proliferation with concomitant dysregulation of genes including Cdkn2a ( p16 ), Cdkn2b ( p15 ) and Shh. These mutants display premature differentiation of keratin 5-positive (Krt5 + ) basal cells and ectopic expression of squamous-like differentiation markers. Deletion of Ezh2 , the major enzymatic component of PRC2, causes upregulation of Upk3a + superficial cells. Unexpectedly, Eed and Eed / Ezh2 double mutants exhibit delayed superficial cell differentiation. Furthermore, Eed regulates the proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult urothelial progenitors and prevents precocious differentiation. Collectively, these findings uncover the epigenetic mechanism by which PRC2 controls urothelial progenitor cell fate and the timing of differentiation, and further suggest an epigenetic basis of urothelial maintenance and regeneration.
Vertically resolved concentration and liquid water content of atmospheric nanoparticles at the US DOE Southern Great Plains site

Abstract. Most prior field studies of new particle formation (NPF) have been performed at or near ground level, leaving many unanswered questions regarding the vertical extent of NPF. To address this, we measured concentrations of 11–16 nm diameter particles from ground level to 1000 m during the 2013 New Particle Formation Study at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site in Lamont, Oklahoma. The measurements were performed using a tethered balloon carrying two condensation particle counters that were configured for two different particle cut-off diameters. These observations were compared to data from three scanning mobility particle sizers at the ground level. We observed that 11–16 nm diameter particles were generated at the top region of the boundary layer, and were then rapidly mixed throughout the boundary layer. We also estimate liquid water content of nanoparticles using ground-based measurements of particle hygroscopicity obtained with a Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer and vertically resolved relative humidity (RH) and temperature measured with a Raman lidar. Our analyses of these observations lead to the following conclusions regarding nanoparticles formed during NPF events at this site: (1) ground-based observations may not always accurately represent the timing, distribution, and meteorological conditions associated with the onset of NPF; (2) nanoparticles are highly hygroscopic and typically contain up to 50 % water by volume, and during conditions of high RH combined with high particle hygroscopicity, particles can be up to 95 % water by volume; (3) increased liquid water content of nanoparticles at high RH greatly enhances the partitioning of water-soluble species like organic acids into ambient nanoparticles.
Abstract 17081: Predicting Outcomes Using an Algorithm Based on Percent Predicted VO2 and Ventilatory Class in Patients With HFrEF: Data From the HF-ACTION Study

Introduction: Despite numerous prognostic variables from a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test, estimating absolute risk that is clinically-relevant among patients with heart failure (HF) remains a...
HESS in DC rail transit system: Optimal sizing and system design

This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the size of energy storage system (ESS) for maximizing the capture of energy regenerated by a train. Besides, minimization of energy consumption from the substation, in order to obtain a return on investment, has also been explored. A standard structure of rail transit system has been used here for analysis. The optimization process takes into account the limitations of the transit system, such as catenary (third-rail voltage), and limitations in battery chemistry. The optimum size has been obtained using Genetic Algorithm and the results have been validated by developing a control strategy in MATLAB Simulink.
Positive Deviance in Health Care: Beware of Pseudo-Equifinality

Objective Identification of best practices constitutes an important strategy for organizational improvement. We compared different criteria (different measurement thresholds, different comparators, and performance consistency over time) on identification of high-performing facilities, especially positive deviants.
Neurocritical Care Simulation

Simulation in neurocritical care provides an excellent platform for continued research to evaluate its potential benefit on patient outcome and safety as well as for medical education. Ensuring that providers have excellent technical and nontechnical skills combined with a fundamental knowledge base for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of neurological emergencies is crucial to implementing timely therapy, with the goal of decreasing the potential for secondary neurological injury, morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. This chapter outlines the rationale for simulation in neurocritical care, the current supporting evidence, while acknowledging the existing limitations of simulation within the neurosciences field and how these potentially may be overcome. Possible simulation scenarios are presented that can be implemented to enhance the trainee’s education, as well as the education of other medical staff, and that may stimulate the development of quality improvement projects that advance knowledge in neurocritical care.
Abstract TP205: Framingham Stroke Risk Score Predicts Severity of Leukoaraiosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Severity of leukoaraiosis, or white matter hyperintensity (WMH) detected on T2 MRI, is associated with cognitive and functional decline and is a known risk factor for stroke and poor ...
5PSQ-030 Use and effectiveness of tigecycline in a private care hospital

Background Tigecycline is a restricted use drug in hospital because of its use in patients with complicated infections and resistant microorganisms. Several cases of tigecycline use were observed in the Emergency Department. Purpose Evaluation of the usefulness, effectiveness and safety of tigecycline after observing an increase in use in the Emergency Department. Material and methods Observational and retrospective study carried out in a 300-bed private care hospital. Patients who started tigecycline between February 2013 and February 2017 were selected. Data on usefulness were collected: duration, source of infection, severity, treatment (empirical or directed), adaptation according to local treatment guidelines, isolated microorganisms and resistance profile. Effectiveness was analysed through clinical and microbiological response. Safety was assessed with the appearance of side-effects during treatment. Results Forty-one patients (70% males) were collected. The mean age was 64-years-old (SD:13.9). The mean duration of treatment was 12 days (SD:17). In 26 (64%) patients the treatment was directed and in 11 (26%) it was empirical. In four (10%) patients the treatment was considered inadequate. The main foci of infection were: 17 (41%) intraabdominal, seven (17%) skin and soft tissue, and four (10%) biliary tract. Sixteen patients (39%) required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main isolated pathogens were enterobacteriaceae in 16 patients (39%), of whom six had extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and two klebsiella pneumoniae had carbapenemases and enterococus sp (mostly E. faecium) in 15 patients (37%). Regarding the effectiveness, 25 (61%) clinical responses, six (15%) microbiological responses with pre-discharge culture and 27 (66%) without microbiological results. Side-effects were observed in eight (20%) patients and were mostly abdominal (nausea, epigastralgia) and urticaria. A single patient had to finish treatment for severe rash. Conclusion Tigecycline is an antibiotic used for intra-abdominal infections and in a high percentage of critically ill patients. Most of the treatments were directed especially for enterobacteria and enterorocus sp. The clinical response was observed in the main of the patients ,whereas the microbiological response was detected in a few patients because of the absence of culture at the end of the treatment. The toxicity of the drug was mostly dermal and abdominal, and it was usually well tolerated. Inadequate treatments (10%) were detected in the Emergency Department and these were suspended before 12 hours. The Pharmacy Department and the Microbiology Department established an antibiotics uses’ guideline in the Emergency Room. Tigecycline was restricted to internal medicine in hospitalised patients and ICU patients. References and/or Acknowledgements Acknowledgments to the Internal Medicine Department and the Microbiology Department. No conflict of interest