cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and pancreatitis risk: A meta-analysis:

Objective:Many studies have focused on the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and pancreatitis risk, but the results remain inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was carried out to derive a more precise estimation of the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and pancreatitis risk.Methods:Relevant publications were searched in several widely used databases and seven studies from six eligible articles were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and pancreatitis risk.Results:Significant associations between ACE I/D polymorphism and pancreatitis risk were observed in both overall meta-analysis for DI versus II (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.67–0.96) and DD + DI versus II (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.70–0.98), and acute pancreatitis subgroup for DI versus II (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.44–0.95). However, no significant pancreatitis r...
Animal Models of Diabetic Uropathy

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a group of debilitating and costly diseases with multiple serious complications. Lower urinary tract complications or diabetic uropathy are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus, surpassing widely recognized complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy. Diabetic uropathy develops in individuals with types 1 and 2 diabetes, and little is known about the natural history of these common and troublesome complications. Animal models have the potential to reveal mechanisms and aid in the development of treatment strategies.Materials and Methods: We present a review of available animal models of diabetes mellitus relative to their use in the study of diabetic uropathy.Results: Large and small animal models of diabetes mellitus are available. While large animals such as dogs and swine may closely mirror the human disease in size and phenotype, the time between diabetic complication onset and development, and associated husbandry expenditures can make acquiring ...
Real-time detection and containment of network attacks using QoS regulation

In this paper, we present a network measurement mechanism that can detect and mitigate attacks and anomalous traffic in real-time using QoS regulation. The detection method rapidly pursues the dynamics of the network on the basis of correlation properties of the network protocols. By observing the proportion occupied by each traffic protocol and correlating it to that of previous states of traffic, it can be possible to determine whether the current traffic is behaving normally. When abnormalities are detected, our mechanism allows aggregated resource regulation of each protocol's traffic. The trace-driven results show that the rate-based regulation of traffic characterized by protocol classes is a feasible vehicle for mitigating the impact of network attacks on end servers.
Zinc Deficiency during the Latter Third of Pregnancy: Effects on Fetal Rat Brain, Liver, and Placenia

The effects of zinc deficiency during the last third of gestation on the growth and development of the fetal rat at term were investigated. Zinc deficiency resulted in anorexia and weight loss of the pregnant dams. Fetuses from such dams displayed intrauterine growth retardation when compared with fetuses from pair-fed or ad libitum-fed controls given adequate zinc. Although the brains of the zinc-deficient fetuses were smaller than those of the controls, the brain was relatively spared while the liver was severely affected. The total cell number was reduced and there was an apparent increase in cell size in the brains of zinc-deficient fetuses in comparison with the brains of the controls. The growth failure of the zinc-deficient liver resulted in a smaller complement of total DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid, and there was less incorpora tion of (3H)thymidine into DNA in the liver. The placenta appeared to be only marginally affected by the zinc deficiency. J. Nutr. 105: 1466-1475, 1975.
Classroom goodness of fit testing using Microsoft Windows

The author points out that the chi-square goodness-of-fit test and other statistical tests for comparing observed data with a theoretical distribution are not well supported by the popular statistical analysis packages such as SAS, SPSS, BMDP, and MINITAB. To overcome this limitation, he has written a PC-based program to support goodness-of-fit testing and has used it in his simulation class. The original version of this program was written as a typical, menu-oriented DOS application using the language True BASIC. This program was rewritten in the language C to run under the Microsoft Windows 3.0 operating environment. The author discusses the importance of goodness-to-fit testing in simulation and other stochastic modeling classes, describes the Windows 3.0 version of this program and its limitations, and discusses how this program can be used in a simulation class. >
Examples of planar robot kinematic designs from optimally fault-tolerant Jacobians

It is common practice to design a robot's kinematics from the desired properties that are locally specified by a manipulator Jacobian. It has been recently shown that multiple different physical robot kinematic designs can be obtained from (essentially) a single Jacobian that has desirable fault tolerant properties [1]. Fault tolerance in this case is defined as the post-failure Jacobian possessing the largest possible minimum singular value over all possible locked-joint failures. In this work, a mathematical analysis that describes the number of possible planar robot designs for optimally fault-tolerant Jacobians is presented. Two examples, one that is optimal to a single joint failure and the second that is optimal to two joint failures, are discussed. The paper concludes by illustrating some of the large variability in the global kinematic properties of these designs, despite being generated from the same Jacobian.
The “Local” Migration State: The Site-Specific Devolution of Immigration Enforcement in the U.S. South

This article examines the implementation of 287(g) authority and Secure Communities by several law enforcement agencies in Wake County and Durham County, North Carolina. I argue that despite being federally supervised programs, 287(g) and Secure Communities take shape within specific political, legal, policing, and biographic contexts, and, as such, take on a site-specific form. I conclude that although site specificity is a characteristic of devolved immigration enforcement in the U.S. context, devolution also predictably relocates interior immigration enforcement to immigrant populations' spaces of social reproduction. Accordingly, programs like 287(g) and Secure Communities work at a suprasite level to amplify immigrant populations' everyday insecurities.
Phosphate Transport and Sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cellular metabolism depends on the appropriate concentration of intracellular inorganic phosphate; however, little is known about how phosphate concentrations are sensed. The similarity of Pho84p, a high-affinity phosphate transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to the glucose sensors Snf3p and Rgt2p has led to the hypothesis that Pho84p is an inorganic phosphate sensor. Furthermore, pho84Δ strains have defects in phosphate signaling; they constitutively express PHO5, a phosphate starvation-inducible gene. We began these studies to determine the role of phosphate transporters in signaling phosphate starvation. Previous experiments demonstrated a defect in phosphate uptake in phosphate-starved pho84Δ cells; however, the pho84Δ strain expresses PHO5 constitutively when grown in phosphate-replete media. We determined that pho84Δ cells have a significant defect in phosphate uptake even when grown in high phosphate media. Overexpression of unrelated phosphate transporters or a glycerophosphoinositol transporter in the pho84Δ strain suppresses the PHO5 constitutive phenotype. These data suggest that PHO84 is not required for sensing phosphate. We further characterized putative phosphate transporters, identifying two new phosphate transporters, PHO90 and PHO91. A synthetic lethal phenotype was observed when five phosphate transporters were inactivated, and the contribution of each transporter to uptake in high phosphate conditions was determined. Finally, a PHO84-dependent compensation response was identified; the abundance of Pho84p at the plasma membrane increases in cells that are defective in other phosphate transporters.
Microtiter Assay for Detecting Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter pylori with Surface Gangliosides Which Bind Cholera Toxin

Campylobacter jejuni with Gm1 ganglioside in the core of its lipopolysaccharide has been associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Since this epitope may be of considerable pathophysiologic importance and since this ganglioside binds cholera toxin, a rapid screening assay to detect bacteria that bind cholera toxin as an indication of Gm1 on their surfaces was developed. In the assay, bacterial lawns were grown on agar plates, harvested with phosphate-buffered saline, boiled, and incubated with a standard concentration of cholera B subunit. Preparations from strains with Gm1 were observed to inhibit the binding of cholera B subunit to Gm1 in a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By using this assay with two groups of strains, 37 positive strains were detected among the 197 tested. Species with positive isolates included C. jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Helicobacter pylori. The assay is capable of testing large numbers of isolates and should prove useful in future clinical and epidemiological studies of bacteria with this epitope.
Review: Vitamin D3 supplementation may reduce mortality in adults; vitamin D2 does not

Source Citation Chowdhury R, Kunutsor S, Vitezova A, et al. Vitamin D and risk of cause specific death: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomised intervention studi...
Design methodologies for noise in digital integrated circuits

In this paper, we describe the growing problems of noise in digital integrated circuits and the design tools and techniques used to ensure the noise immunity of digital designs.
Role of Additives in Composite PEI/Oxide CO2 Adsorbents: Enhancement in the Amine Efficiency of Supported PEI by PEG in CO2 Capture from Simulated Ambient Air

Supported amines are promising candidate adsorbents for the removal of CO2 from flue gases and directly from ambient air. The incorporation of additives into polymeric amines such as poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) supported on mesoporous oxides is an effective strategy to improve the performance of the materials. Here, several practical aspects of this strategy are addressed with regards to direct air capture. The influence of three additives (CTAB, PEG200, PEG1000) was systematically explored under dry simulated air capture conditions (400 ppm of CO2, 30 °C). With SBA-15 as a model support for poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), the nature of the additive induced heterogeneities in the deposition of organic on the interior and exterior of the particles, an important consideration for future scale up to practical systems. The PEG200 additive increased the observed thermodynamic performance (∼60% increase in amine efficiency) of the adsorbents regardless of the PEI content, while the other molecules had less positive effects. A threshold PEG200/PEI value was identified at which the diffusional limitations of CO2 within the materials were nearly eliminated. The threshold PEG/PEI ratio may have physical origin in the interactions between PEI and PEG, as the optimal ratio corresponded to nearly equimolar OH/reactive (1°, 2°) amine ratios. The strategy is shown to be robust to the characteristics of the host support, as PEG200 improved the amine efficiency of PEI when supported on two varieties of mesoporous γ-alumina with PEI.
Decapentaplegic and growth control in the developing Drosophila wing

As a central model for morphogen action during animal development, the bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4)-like ligand Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is proposed to form a long-range signalling gradient that directs both growth and pattern formation during Drosophila wing disc development. While the patterning role of Dpp secreted from a stripe of cells along the anterior-posterior compartmental boundary is well established, the mechanism by which a Dpp gradient directs uniform cell proliferation remains controversial and poorly understood. Here, to determine the precise spatiotemporal requirements for Dpp during wing disc development, we use CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to generate a flippase recognition target (FRT)-dependent conditional null allele. By genetically removing Dpp from its endogenous stripe domain, we confirm the requirement of Dpp for the activation of a downstream phospho-Mothers against dpp (p-Mad) gradient and the regulation of the patterning targets spalt (sal), optomotor blind (omb; also known as bifid) and brinker (brk). Surprisingly, however, third-instar wing blade primordia devoid of compartmental dpp expression maintain relatively normal rates of cell proliferation and exhibit only mild defects in growth. These results indicate that during the latter half of larval development, the Dpp morphogen gradient emanating from the anterior-posterior compartment boundary is not directly required for wing disc growth.
Neuropsychological Consequences of Cardiovascular Disease

The cardiovascular system, composed of the heart and vasculature, is responsible for supplying blood transporting oxygen, glucose, and other essential nutrients to all cells of the body. The brain is particularly dependent on the cardiovascular system for a constant supply of blood because it is relatively unable to store nutrients for utilization during interruptions of blood flow. Indeed, approximately one fifth of the cardiac output, or 1 liter of blood, is provided to the brain each minute; cessation of this blood supply for even a few minutes can be damaging to the brain. More subtle reductions in cerebral blood flow also may have deleterious short- or long-term consequences for the brain. For instance, Meyer, Rogers, and Mortel (1984) reported that decreased cerebral blood flow preceded signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular disease (i.e., diseases involving alterations in the brain’s blood supply) by up to 2 years. Alterations in blood flow can occur as a result of multiple diseases of the heart and vasculature that affect the ability of or efficiency with which the cardiovascular system pumps or distributes blood.
Taiwan Macaques: Ecology and Conservation Needs

Macaca cyclopis is relatively unknown and this is the first attempted population survey. In June–December 1978 I spent 31 days in various mountain regions surveying the monkey population. Prior to this attempt, it was widely considered on Taiwan that the monkeys were not observable and that most had probably been killed. The following were the certainties: (1) monkey once existed on Taiwan in great numbers, (2) if they still existed they would be difficult to find, (3) habitat destruction had a major impact on all animal populations in forested areas, and (4) there would be little official encouragement of this study.
Optimization of a High-Throughput Assay for Calcium Channel Modulators on IonWorks Barracuda.

Abstract Voltage-gated calcium channels represent important drug targets. The implementation of higher throughput electrophysiology assays is necessary to characterize the interaction of test compounds with several conformational states of the channel, but has presented significant challenges. We report on the development of a high-throughput, automated electrophysiology assay for Cav2.2 on the IonWorks Barracuda™ platform. The assay provides an assessment of the potency of the test compound on the resting/closed and inactivated states of the channel in the same assay run. Inclusion of the heavy metal chelator 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonate in the assay solutions improved the data quality by reversing a loss of current seen in wells directly above the ground electrodes. We hypothesize that the loss of current is caused by block of Cav2.2 currents by silver ions originating from the electrodes.
Chemical and Microscopical Analyses of Rained-on Cotton

Late season rains on the 1984 crop in the Mississippi Delta cotton-growing areas prompted increased research of this weathered cotton. Cotton Incorporated and USDA quickly noted the detrimental effects on quality caused by the heavy rains after boll opening in the fields. The cooperative research efforts reported here deal with the chemical and microscopical changes that occurred in these cottons, and analyses of selected ginned cotton are included.
The Enthalpy of Solution of SRM 1655 (KCl) in H2O.

The value for the enthalpy of solution of SRM 1655 (KCl), ΔH°(500 H2O, 298.15 K) = (235.86±0.23)J·g-1 or (17.584±0.017)kJ·mol-1, was obtained from measurements in an adiabatic calorimeter, and confirmed by measurements in an isoperibol calorimeter. Enthalpy of solution measurements are reported in the temperature range 296 K to 358 K, at molalities between 0.005 and 0.18 mol-kg-1, for various ranges of particle size up to 1000 μm, and in CO2- saturated solutions. Observations were also made relative to the hygroscopicity, removal of occluded H2O, and homogeneity of SRM 1655. Between 296 K and 303 K, ΔCp =-(2.076±0.087) J·g-1·K-1or -(154.8±6.4) J·mol-1·K-1 for the reaction of SRM 1655 in 500 H2O.
Dacron as a Filling Material for Small Mammal Skins

The difficulty of obtaining good, fluffy, long-staple cotton for filling study skins of small mammals has led to the use of synthetic fiber for this purpose by the authors. Our experiences with Du Pont Dacron batting have encouraged us to write this note. This batting has …
Ash particulate formation from pulverized coal under oxy-fuel combustion conditions.

Aerosol particulates are generated by coal combustion. The amount and properties of aerosol particulates, specifically size distribution and composition, can be affected by combustion conditions. Understanding the formation of these particles is important for predicting emissions and understanding potential deposition. Oxy-fuel combustion conditions utilize an oxygen-enriched gas environment with CO2. The high concentration of CO2 is a result of recycle flue gas which is used to maintain temperature. A hypothesis is that high CO2 concentration reduces the vaporization of refractory oxides from combustion. A high-temperature drop-tube furnace was used under different oxygen concentrations and CO2 versus N2 to study the effects of furnace temperature, coal type, and gas phase conditions on particulate formation. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were utilized for particle size distributions ranging from 14.3 nm to 20 μm. In addition, particles were collected on a...
The Emission of Photons by Atoms: Electric Dipole Approximation

We shall now look at the interaction of an atomic system with the radiation field in detail.
Pollution of Fluoride,Arsenic and Mercury on Farmland Around Cement Factories

A survey was conducted to reveal potential pollution of fluoride,arsenic and mercury on farmland around cement factories.To do this,several samples representing soils and grains of wheat were taken simultaneously.Contents of fluoride,arsenic and mercury were analyzed in laboratory and were compared with official standards.It has been found that small cement factories can pollute farmland,especially,for the factory with less than 600 meters far away from farmland.In the present study,we discovered that fluoride is a priority of pollutant on wheat grain,while mercury is in less degree and arsenic is the least pollutant.
Lessons from the Allegheny Bankruptcy

On July 21, 1998, the nonprofit Allegheny Health, Education, and Research Foundation (AHERF) filed for bankruptcy, with $1.3 billion in debt and 65,000 creditors. The Pittsburgh-based organization had pursued an aggressive strategy of acquiring physicians and hospitals in the Philadelphia area. Its dramatic collapse prompted the entry of a for-profit hospital chain into the Philadelphia market, as Tenet Healthcare Corp. purchased eight hospitals from AHERF at firesale prices. This Issue Brief chronicles the hows and whys of the nation's largest nonprofit health care failure, and analyzes its lessons for other struggling academic health centers.
A Narrowly Endemic Dirca from Mexico Outperforms Its Broadly Distributed Congener in the Upper Midwest

Shrubs in the genus Dirca are rarely used in landscaping despite their shade tolerance and aesthetic qualities. A trial of 81 plants, 27 of each of three species, was established in 2007 in USDA hardiness zone 5a to evaluate survival and growth. After four winters, survival of Dirca mexicana (89%) was greater than survival of Dirca palustris from Florida (44%) and Dirca occidentalis (41 %). Survival of Dirca palustris from Ontario, Canada, was intermediate (56%), but annual stem extension was only 60% that of Dirca mexicana and Dirca palustris from Florida. Surviving plants of Dirca mexicana and Dirca palustris from Ontario showed minimal winter injury, but tips of some stems of Dirca palustris from Florida and Dirca occidentalis were killed. Our data on survival, winter injury, plant health, and stem extension of the California-endemic Dirca occidentalis suggest it will be especially challenging to identify genotypes adapted for use in the Upper Midwest. In contrast, we conclude that another narrowly endemic species, Dirca mexicana, has potential as a new shrub for horticulture. Additionally, our results provide evidence for variation in cold-hardiness and annual stem extension of Dirca palustris. Although over half of plants from Florida had died after the first two winters, no additional mortality occurred over remaining years, and survivors were more vigorous than plants from Ontario. This suggests that exploitable variation in cold-hardiness and vigor exists among and within populations of this broadly distributed species.
Detection of biochemical molecules using CM-SOFFET based biosensor

Various biosensors are employed for characterization of biochemical molecules. In this paper, we present a new Chemically Modulated biosensor structure based on Silicon on Ferroelectric-Insulator (CM-SOFFET). The body-stack SOFFET device has shown tremendous potential for various Ultra-low-power (ULP) and biosensing applications. The device has the potential to provide high performance multi-Vt design, strong threshold voltage control, low voltage operation, and below 60mV/decade subthreshold swing. The proposed structure utilizes the gate area of SOFFET as a sensing medium and change the threshold depending on the type of charge present at the floating gate. The threshold voltage is influenced by the control voltage and ions presented at the sense area. The design employee floating gate flash memory technique to turn on the device as well as erase the stored values as needed. Additionally, the design eliminate the use of external reference electrodes by utilizing control gate to turn the device on as well as set the reference value. The presented biosensor can be integrated with conventional SOI process.
Low reactor studies of potential petroleum-derived jet fuels

Several different methods have been investigated for increasing jet fuel thermal stability. Hydrogen donor additives have been shown to be effective in deoxygenated systems (1, 2). Passivation of the metal surface using a sufficiently thick layer of silica (3) or glass (4) has also been shown to be an effective method of reducing solid formation. Reformulating the fuel basestock is also an attractive option. Current basestocks are generally kerosene cuts and contain a high percentage of normal alkanes, which thermally decompose rapidly.
Computational principles and models of multisensory integration

Combining information from multiple senses creates robust percepts, speeds up responses, enhances learning, and improves detection, discrimination, and recognition. In this review, I discuss computational models and principles that provide insight into how this process of multisensory integration occurs at the behavioral and neural level. My initial focus is on drift-diffusion and Bayesian models that can predict behavior in multisensory contexts. I then highlight how recent neurophysiological and perturbation experiments provide evidence for a distributed redundant network for multisensory integration. I also emphasize studies which show that task-relevant variables in multisensory contexts are distributed in heterogeneous neural populations. Finally, I describe dimensionality reduction methods and recurrent neural network models that may help decipher heterogeneous neural populations involved in multisensory integration.
Using Learning Analytics to Characterize Student Experimentation Strategies in the Context of Engineering Design

Engineering design is a complex process. The design process cannot be assessed based solely on a product or as a simple test because there is no single perfect design for a problem. An important design strategy is the conduction of experiments. Informed designers carry out experiments and use their outcomes to inform their next steps. On the other hand, beginning designers do little or no experiments, and the few experiments they do involve confounding variables. These behaviours that differentiate beginning and informed designers are not easy to assess in educational settings because they occur throughout the design process. This paper proposes and evaluates a model to analyze student interactions with a CAD tool in order to identify and characterize the different strategies students use to conduct experiments. A two-fold study is carried out to validate the model. The first phase uses the clickstream data of 51 middle school students working on a design project to create a net-zero energy house. The analysis of clickstream data is compared to a qualitative analysis of an open-ended posttest. The second phase correlates the number of experiments students did to the student prototype quality. The results suggest that the proposed model can be used to identify, characterize, and assess student strategies to conduct experiments.
Measuring the impact of provider education to referral rate in survivorship care.

14Background: There will be an estimated 19 million cancer survivors by 2024. Survivors are often lost to follow-up after active treatment due to poor coordination of care between clinical oncologist and primary care providers. Lack of awareness of survivor needs including insufficient monitoring of late effects after oncologic care contribute to poor care coordination. While cancer centers have gradually introduced survivorship care, it remains challenging for some providers to refer their patients to a survivorship visit once their cancer treatment is completed. Continuing education is known to improve provider knowledge and may lead to an increased number of patients referred to survivorship. Methods: Survivorship starts when completing the initial treatment (surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy). The project will implement the review of an education module regarding survivorship through the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) education website by breast cancer (BC) medical oncologists a...
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are widespread in songbirds across rural and urban environments

Abstract The widespread use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine to treat pathogenic bacteria has resulted in the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Wild animals may enable the spread of pathogenic and non-pathogenic ARB when they are exposed to reservoirs (e.g., contaminated soil, water, or crops) and carry ARB in and on their bodies to other environments. We tested for the presence of ARB in four songbird species in southwest Michigan across a gradient of land use. Our specific objectives were to: 1) quantify the prevalence of ARB found in the gut microbiome of birds; 2) identify the specific bacteria exhibiting resistance; 3) assess whether ARB prevalence and identity varied among bird species; and 4) assess whether anthropogenic land use influenced the prevalence and identity of ARB found on birds. We sampled birds across a land use gradient consisting of urban, agricultural, and natural land covers using a randomized, spatially-balanced sampling design and cultured bacteria from fecal samples in the presence of three different antibiotics (amoxicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin). Overall prevalence of ARB was high, with 88% of total birds carrying ARB resistant to one of three antibiotics that we tested. Resistance to amoxicillin was more common (83% of sampled birds) than resistance to tetracycline (15%) or ciprofloxacin (1%). Identified ARB were diverse, and included 135 isolates representing 5 bacterial phyla and 22 genera. There was no effect of land use on ARB prevalence, with 90% of sampled birds captured in rural sites and 85% of sampled birds in urban sites carrying ARB. We provide the first analysis of ARB prevalence across multiple bird species and land uses utilizing a spatially-balanced, randomized study design. Our results demonstrate that nearly all sampled birds carried at least some ARB, and that they may serve as important dispersal agents of ARB across large spatial scales.
Resonant response of a moonpool with a recess

Abstract Resonant modes of motion are analyzed in a moonpool with a recess, of the same type studied by Guo et al. [1] , [2] and Molin [3] . The length and depth of the recess are varied, as in [3] . The moonpool is placed within a rectangular barge, which has dimensions similar to the drillship in [1] , [2] . The complete structure consisting of the barge and moonpool is analyzed by solving the diffraction problem with incident waves, and the resonant frequencies are found which maximize the free-surface elevation in the moonpool. The resonant frequencies are also identified with singularities in the surge and heave added-mass coefficients. These results are compared with different approximations, which may be useful for estimating the resonant frequencies. In the simplest approximation the resonant frequencies of sloshing modes are determined from the wavelengths of standing waves in a closed basin with the same length as the moonpool. More rational and complete approximations are developed similar to those in [3] , with the moonpool and exterior fluid domain analyzed separately and the solutions matched at the interface. This leads to a linear system of equations involving generalized added-mass coefficients in the two domains. Analytical and numerical methods are described for the evaluation of these coefficients.
Abstract 57: Survival of dormant breast cancer cells and metastatic tumor recurrence is dependent upon the activation of autophagy

Cancer recurrence resulting from the metastatic outbreak of dormant disseminated tumor cells following the apparent successful treatment of the primary tumor is a major cause of breast cancer mortality. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms governing tumour cell dormancy and the dormant-to-proliferative switch, impeding the development of effective therapeutic strategies. We therefore investigated whether stress-induced autophagy may promote survival of dormant cancer cells and, consequently, inhibition of autophagy could prevent breast cancer recurrence. To address the functional role of autophagy in breast cancer progression and the potential therapeutic impact of its inhibition, we utilized mouse and human 3D in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of dormancy. The analysis of autophagy markers and use of an autophagic flux biosensor allowed direct visualization of autophagic vesicles and their evolution in breast cancer dormant cells over time. In agreement with our hypothesis, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of autophagy in dormant breast cancer cells resulted in significantly decreased cell survival and metastatic burden in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagy prevented the spontaneous dormant-to-proliferative switch of highly metastatic cells. In contrast, proliferating disseminated cells were insensitive to autophagy blockade. Indeed, in vivo analysis of the autophagic flux over time confirmed that autophagy is a critical survival process activated and maintained in dormant breast cancer cells, which is shut down after the cells undergo the dormant-to-proliferative switch. Transcriptomic analysis and in vivo metastatic burden assays identified the autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) gene, but not Beclin1 (BECN1), to be essential for autophagy activation, indicating that a non-canonical autophagy pathway is activated in dormant breast cancer cells. Co-localization studies identified mitochondria as the predominant autophagosomal cargo in breast cancer dormant cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of the autophagic flux in dormant breast cancer cells led to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cell apoptosis. This study has important implications regarding the role of autophagy in breast cancer progression and suggests that inhibition of autophagy may be of therapeutic value in preventing breast cancer recurrence. Furthermore, it provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms for survival of breast cancer dormant cells. Citation Format: Laura Vera Ramirez, Suman K. Vodnala, Ryan Nini, Kent W. Hunter, Jeffrey E. Green. Survival of dormant breast cancer cells and metastatic tumor recurrence is dependent upon the activation of autophagy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 57.
MEAN FIELD THEORY FOR A BALLISTIC MODEL OF AGGREGATION

The “mean field” theory is derived for a simple ballistic aggregation model. The resulting theory is investigated both analytically and numerically. The calculation of the density of the cluster leads to a “velocity selection” problem for the propagating interface. We find that the natural initial conditions lead to a marginally stable front propagating at the minimal velocity.
Pulsed Fourier-Transform Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for Ultralow Temperature Applications

Pulsed Fourier-Transform (FT) ultrasonic spectroscopy has been developed for the purpose of studying 3 He at ultralow temperatures. Our method is analogous to pulsed FT NMR and possesses several advantages over conventional time-of-flight acoustic techniques. For use at low temperatures, the most significant advantage is the ability to observe the frequency spectrum while the temperature, pressure, and magnetic field may be independently tuned. More specifically, using longitudinal LiNbO 3 transducers operating both on- and off-resonance, we are able to study several broadband windows of frequency, namely 16-25 MHz, 60-70 MHz, and 105-111 MHz, The determination of the energy gap of 3 He-B is presented as an effective application, and other novel uses are discussed.
Tesseract: a 4D network control plane

We present Tesseract, an experimental system that enables the direct control of a computer network that is under a single administrative domain. Tesseract's design is based on the 4D architecture, which advocates the decomposition of the network control plane into decision, dissemination, discovery, and data planes. Tesseract provides two primary abstract services to enable direct control: the dissemination service that carries opaque control information fromthe network decision element to the nodes in the network, and the node configuration service which provides the interface for the decision element to command the nodes in the network to carry out the desired control policies. Tesseract is designed to enable easy innovation. The neighbor discovery, dissemination and node configuration services, which are agnostic to network control policies, are the only distributed functions implemented in the switch nodes. A variety of network control policies can be implemented outside of switch nodes without the need for introducing new distributed protocols. Tesseract also minimizes the need for manual node configurations to reduce human errors. We evaluate Tesseract's responsiveness and robustness when applied to backbone and enterprise network topologies in the Emulab environment. We find that Tesseract is resilient to component failures. Its responsiveness for intra-domain routing control is sufficiently scalable to handle a thousand nodes. Moreover, we demonstrate Tesseract's flexibility by showing its application in joint packet forwarding and policy based filtering for IP networks, and in link-cost driven Ethernet packet forwarding.
Clicking Away Confidentiality: Workplace Waiver of Attorney-Client Privilege

III. CHAOS IN THE COURTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1190 A. The Employer’s Policies Regarding Computer Use and Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191 B. Employee Use of a Password-Protected E-mail Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193 C. Common Usage of Personal E-mail on Company Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194 D. Employee Attempts to Delete Privileged Material.. . . . . . 1195 E. Employer Enforcement of any Existing Policies. . . . . . . . 1196 F. The Location of the Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197 G. The Forensic Method Used to View an Employee’s E-mails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198 H. Fairness and Public Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199
Tumid lupus erythematosus-like pseudovasculitic lesions in catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare but life-threatening disease entity characterized by widespread vascular thromboses causing multiorgan failure in the setting of antiphospholipid antibody positivity.1 CAPS is the most severe subset of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an autoimmune clotting disorder in which the body attacks its own phospholipids. CAPS can present with a variety of pseudovasculitic skin findings. We report on a CAPS patient with tumid lupus erythematosus (LE)-like lesions.
Abstract 2180: AMG 176 exhibits robust antitumor activity in combination with standard of care agents in models of acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy involving the clonal expansion of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells. The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein family member MCL1 has been implicated in AML pathogenesis. AMG 176 is a potent and selective MCL1 inhibitor currently being evaluated in an AML Phase I clinical trial. Standard of care (SOC) treatment for AML involves “7+3” induction therapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline (i.e. doxorubicin). In patient’s ineligible for conventional induction therapy, the hypomethylating agent decitabine is a well-tolerated alternative. Here we investigate the activity of AMG 176 and AM-8621, a closely related analog of AMG 176 with similar potency and selectivity, in combination with SOC therapies in preclinical models of AML. We profiled a panel of AML cell lines (MOLM-13, MV-4-11, GDM-1 and EOL-1), testing AM-8621 in combination with cytarabine, doxorubicin and decitabine in 3-day viability assays. Evidence for synergistic activity was detected with each of the combinations across subsets of the cell lines. A time course of AM-8621 treatment revealed a rapid induction of caspase 3/7 activity, with significant increases observed within the first 2-4 hours of treatment while longer duration treatment (>8 hours) was required to activate caspase 3/7 with SOC agents. Combined treatment with AM-8621 and SOC agents exhibited significant improvements in caspase 3/7 activity beyond either single agent alone. To provide mechanistic insight into the ability of SOC agents to sensitize AML cell lines to AM-8621 treatment, signaling experiments were performed to characterize changes in BCL-2 protein family members following treatment with SOC agents. Clear changes in the levels of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members (MCL1, BCL-2 and BCL-XL), BH3-only domain containing proteins (BIM, NOXA, PUMA) and the executioner protein BAK were observed, providing insight into potential mechanisms of priming cells to MCL1 inhibition. Combinations of AMG 176 and each of the SOC therapies were also tested in a MOLM-13 orthotopic xenograft model of AML. Mice were treated with combinations of AMG 176 and cytarabine, decitabine or doxorubicin and compared against the single agent therapies. Significant reductions in tumor burden compared to single agent treatments were observed with the AMG 176 + doxorubicin (30% regression) and AMG 176 + decitabine (98% tumor growth inhibition) combinations. These data highlight the promise of combining AMG 176 with SOC therapies in the setting of AML. Citation Format: Sean Caenepeel, Brian Belmontes, Tao Osgood, Elaina Cajulis, Angela Coxon, Jude Canon, Paul E. Hughes. AMG 176 exhibits robust antitumor activity in combination with standard of care agents in models of acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2180.
Biomechanics of the Spine

The purpose of the current chapter is to review the normal mechanics of the spine, i.e., the structure and function of the various components such as discs, vertebral bodies, and spinous ligaments, and to delineate how the normal behavior of these structures is altered by age and various clinical interventions. A growing segment of spine radiology involves not just imaging but musculoskeletal intervention as well. Radiologists now are performing tasks that previously were in the realm of neurosurgery and orthopaedics. Because procedures such as thermal ablation of the disc, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty not only address pain relief but also may alter the mechanical behavior of the disc and/or vertebral body, it is important to have a fundamental understanding of the biomechanics of the spine. Knowledge of the normal biomechanics can help the clinician understand the effect a given intervention may have.
RNA-DNA hybrid nanoshapes that self-assemble dependent on ligand binding.

Self-assembly of nucleic acid nanostructures is driven by selective association of oligonucleotide modules through base pairing between complementary sequences. Herein, we report the development of RNA–DNA hybrid nanoshapes that conditionally assemble under the control of an adenosine ligand. The design concept for the nanoshapes relies on ligand-dependent stabilization of DNA aptamers that serve as connectors between marginally stable RNA corner modules. Ligand-dependent RNA–DNA nanoshapes self-assemble in an all-or-nothing process by coupling adenosine binding to the formation of circularly closed structures which are stabilized through continuous base stacking in the resulting polygons. By screening combinations of various DNA aptamer constructs with RNA corner modules for the formation of stable complexes, we identified adenosine-dependent nanosquares whose shape was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. As a proof-of-concept for sensor applications, adenosine-responsive FRET-active nanosquares were obtained by dye conjugation of the DNA aptamer components.
An Introduction to Foster Care

Foster care provides temporary care for children who are unable to safely remain with their families of origin, often for reasons of child abuse or neglect. This chapter provides an overview of the foster care system in the United States. We describe the development of the modern child welfare system and the legal basis for removing children from their homes. We briefly review the purpose, core goals, and priorities of foster care, which inform the experiences of children in foster care, how and why children enter the foster care system, and how foster parents are trained and, in some cases, licensed. The chapter includes a table defining 47 key terms used in the foster care system.
Alanine to serine substitutions drive thermal adaptation in a psychrophilic diatom cytochrome c 6

In this study, we investigate the thermodynamic mechanisms by which electron transfer proteins adapt to environmental temperature by directly comparing the redox properties and folding stability of a psychrophilic cytochrome c and a mesophilic homolog. Our model system consists of two cytochrome c6 proteins from diatoms: one adapted specifically to polar environments, the other adapted generally to surface ocean environments. Direct electrochemistry shows that the midpoint potential for the mesophilic homolog is slightly higher at all temperatures measured. Cytochrome c6 from the psychrophilic diatom unfolds with a melting temperature 10.4 °C lower than the homologous mesophilic cytochrome c6. Changes in free energy upon unfolding are identical, within error, for the psychrophilic and mesophilic protein; however, the chemical unfolding transition of the psychrophilic cytochrome c6 is more cooperative than for the mesophilic cytochrome c6. Substituting alanine residues found in the mesophile with serine found in corresponding positions of the psychrophile demonstrates that burial of the polar serine both decreases the thermal stability and decreases the midpoint potential. The mutagenesis data, combined with differences in the m-value of chemical denaturation, suggest that differences in solvent accessibility of the hydrophobic core underlie the adaptation of cytochrome c6 to differing environmental temperature.
RELATIONAL REALISM AND THE ONTOGENETIC UNIVERSE

Amid the wide variety of interpretations of quantum mechanics, the notion of a fully coherent ontological interpretation has seen a promising evolution over the last few decades. Despite this progr...
Non-coherent OFDM-Subcarrier Power Modulation for Low Complexity and High Throughput IoT Applications

Aiming to reduce the transceiver complexity and power consumption of communication systems dedicated to serving future Internet of Things (IoT) applications, researchers have taken many approaches with varying degrees of success. A promising candidate solution that can reduce complexity significantly and thus also enhance power-saving is the use of non-coherent modulation-based schemes. Utilizing a non-coherent structure rids the system of any dependency on the knowledge of the phase of the transmitted signal during demodulation. However, although most of the available non-coherent techniques in the literature reduce the complexity of the system, they, unfortunately, suffer from a drawback of some sort, especially in reducing the overall spectral efficiency of the system. To address this problem, we propose a new non-coherent modulation scheme called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with subcarrier power modulation and differential phase-shift keying (OFDM-SPM-DPSK), as an effective modulation technique for future 6G and beyond systems. The proposed technique has the potential to reduce complexity, enhance power-saving while improving spectral efficiency significantly, resulting in a spectral efficiency performance twice that of a conventional non-coherent OFDM system. Furthermore, receive diversity is implemented through maximal ratio combining to overcome the bit error degradation brought by the adoption of a non-coherent structure. Additionally, the computational complexity is discussed and shown to be as efficient as OFDM, where the proposed scheme does not add further complexity over conventional OFDM.