cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 787: DNA repair and metabolism inhibitors are tumor-selective when combined with NQO1 bioactivatable drugs for therapy against pancreatic and nonsmall cell lung cancers

The major problem plaguing DNA repair and metabolic inhibitors is their lack of tumor-selectivity, resulting in unwanted toxicities. In contrast, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) bioactivatable drugs (e.g., s-lapachone (s-lap) and deoxynyboquinine (DNQ) and their derivatives) offer exquisite tumor-selectivity, with one form of the drug, ARQ761, currently in Phase I clinical trials against solid cancers, most of which have elevated levels of NQO1; pancreatic and nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLC) have the highest levels of this two-electron oxidoreductase. NQO1 levels are elevated during early steps of carcinogenesis in most solid cancers in response to activated K-Ras, c-Myc or other oncogenic drivers, as well as re-expression of human telomerase (hTERT). NQO1 catalyzes an unique futile redox cycle using either of these two unique classes of NQO1 bioactivatable drugs, resulting in super-lethal doses of hydrogen peroxide; in fact one mole of s-lap used by NQO1 produces >60 moles H2O2 in 2 mins. The elevated levels of H2O2 generates tremendous DNA lesions (e.g., 8-oxoguanine formation) that ultimately results in massive levels of DNA single strand breaks. The H2O2 generated also results in release of ERCa2+ and culminates in the hyperactivation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1). GAPDH is then inhibited initially by direct suppression by H2O2 and then by posttranslational modification, resulting in accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (GA3P). This unique, NQO1-dependent tumor-selective hyperactivation of PARP1 results in simultaneous losses of NAD+ (generated by the NQO1 futile redox cycle) and ATP, with suppressed recovery by inhibition of glycolysis (by inhibition of GAPDH) and the Krebs cycle through suppression of pyruvate production. Understanding the mechanism of action of these two classes of unique drugs has allowed tumor-selective combination therapies with DNA damaging agents, DNA repair inhibitors, and more recently metabolic inhibitors, such as agents that block NaMPt and GLS1. Addition of these inhibitors, in turn, results in a dramatic lowering of the required doses of NQO1 bioactivatable drugs-a true synergy is established with nontoxic levels of drugs combined to achieve one log or greater loss of colony forming ability. This work is supported by grants from Texas CPRIT, AACR/PanCan Action Network and NIH R01 CA102792-11 to DAB. Citation Format: Xiumei Huang, Zachary Moore, Xiuquan Luo, Gaurab Chakrabarti, Mariya Ilcheva, Rolf Brekken, Sandeep Burma, Jinming Gao, Ralph Deberardinis, William Bornmann, Paul Hergenrother, David A. Boothman. DNA repair and metabolism inhibitors are tumor-selective when combined with NQO1 bioactivatable drugs for therapy against pancreatic and nonsmall cell lung cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 787. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-787
Soil Heat Flow and Temperature

The amount of heat flow in soil influences soil temperature. The temperature of the soil is related to the temperature of the air and vice versa. Both soil and air temperatures have profound influences on plant growth.
The mechanisms of the clarification of muddy water by Strychnos potatorum seeds

Clarification of muddy water by paste prepared fromStrychnos potatorum seeds is due to the combined action of colloids and alkaloids present in the seeds. The albumin and other colloids sensitise the suspension and the coagulation is then caused by the alkaloid ions. The paste, if used in excess, fails to clarify the water. An optimum concentration of paste is therefore to be employed for efficient clarification.
The role of extracellular matrices in palatal shelf closure.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of extracellular matrices in palatal shelf closure. The palatal shelves themselves play a direct and active role in their reorientation from a vertical position on either side of the tongue to a horizontal one above it. One of the oldest proposed mechanisms for the motive force underlying palatal shelf movement is a rapid increase in shelf volume due to increased cellular volume in the “connective tissue.” Histochemical and autoradiographic evidence suggested that acid mucopolysaccharides [glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)], principally those that are sulfated, are present in the palatal shelves at the time of shelf reorientation. Biochemical data has confirmed that GAGs are present and synthesized before and during shelf reorientation. Extracellular matrices both within the mesenchymal compartment, probably existing as a GAG–collagen gel–fiber matrix, and at the epithelial–mesenchymal interface, organized as a basal lamina, appear to play vital roles in palatal shelf reorientation. One hypothesis that explains their possible roles is that posterior palatal shelf remodeling results largely from the expansion of hyaluronate-rich gel–fiber network within the mesenchymal compartment.
Development of a multi-resolution parallel genetic algorithm for autonomous robotic path planning

Deterministic algorithms such as A∗ and D∗ have been applied with great success to autonomous robotic path planning. However, as search space size increases numerous problem domains will likely become intractable when reactive behavior is desired. This is extremely relevant when considering the exponential increase in search space sizes due to any linear addition of degrees of freedom. Over the last few decades, Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) have been shown to be particularly applicable to extremely large search spaces. However, it is often assumed that generational convergence is the only measure of quality for an EA. A novel combination of the Anytime Planning (AP) criteria with multi-resolution search spaces is explored for application to high-level semi-reactive path planning. Separate populations are evolved in parallel within different abstractions of the search space while low cost solutions from each population are exchanged among the populations. Generational evaluations in low-resolution search spaces can be evaluated quickly generating seed candidate solutions that are likely to speed convergence in the high-resolution search spaces. Convergence rates up to 4× were achieved along with modest decreases in path cost. Parallel GPU computation was then applied to allow reactive searching up to 40Hz in search grids up to 8192×8192 cells.
Nanotubes connected to a micro-tank: hybrid micro-/nano-silica architectures transcribed from living bacteria as bioreactors.

Hybrid micro-/nano-silica architectures made of bacterial-body-templated silica shell attached with fimbriae-templated silica nanotubes were prepared by using living fimbriaed bacteria E. Coli TG1 as templates, which can function as individual bioreactors to catalyze the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside to form p-nitrophenol due to the presence of an intracellular enzyme.
A COMPARATIVE ELECTRON MICROPROBE STUDY OF LERNA III AND IV CERAMICS AND LOCAL CLAY‐RICH SEDIMENTS*

This study uses electron microprobe analysis of ceramic artefacts and local clay-rich sediments and lithics to help address questions concerning the nature of the cultural change implied by ceramics from Lerna III and IV. It redresses the previous lack of a comparative collection of clay-rich sediments that adequately represents the local variation in clay and temper for the area surrounding Lerna. The resulting comparisons indicate that, although they produced stylistically different ceramics, potters from both Lerna phases acquired their clays from the local Lerna area.
Premarital coitus and commitment among college students.

In contrast to some popular speculations about a massive increase in sexual behavior labeled “permissiveness without commitment,” this survey of 2453 undergraduate students from four geographical areas in the United States provides data which suggest a behavioral pattern of “permissiveness with commitment.” This pattern of “coitus with commitment” was evident not only for females, but for males as well. With minor exceptions, the pattern was detected for both sexes in all four geographical regions. Speculation is made about ways in which this pattern may be one outcome of the alleged intersex convergence in sexual attitudes and behavior among American college youth. Implications are drawn for the increment of theory.
Production of platelet thromboxane A2 and arterial prostacyclin I2 from hypercholesterolemic rats

The plasma cholesterol, plasma malonaldehyde (MDA), platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) were measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets supplemented with cholesterol (1%) and cholic acid (0.5%). For comparisons, measurements were made in rats fed normal diets. The concentration of cholesterol in the plasma of rats had reached a maximum in 1 week of feeding experimental diets. TXA2 production from collagen and thrombin stimulated platelets was significantly decreased in animals fed experimental diets for 1 week. The production of MDA in the plasma of animals fed experimental diets for 8 weeks was significantly lower compared to the animals fed normal diets. There was a small but significant reduction in the formation of PGI2 in rats fed experimental diets for 8 weeks. These data suggest that feeding cholesterol rich diets to rats alters the platelet membrane properties differently from human and rabbit. Furthermore, cholesterol feeding to rats had some damaging effect on the arterial PGI2 synthesis.
Major depressive disorder in hospitalized medically ill patients: an examination of young and elderly male veterans.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of depressive disorder in younger and older medical inpatients. DESIGN, PATIENTS, & SETTING: Depressive disorders were examined using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule in 116 young and 332 elderly medically ill men hospitalized in a VA medical center. RESULTS: Major depressive disorder was diagnosed in 22.4% of men under 40 and 13.3% of those age 70 or over; minor depression was found in 18.1% of young and 29.2% of older men. Besides age, other risk factors for major depression were impaired social support, severe medical illness or functional disability in older men, and history of psychiatric problems primarily in younger men; specific medical diagnosis was not a risk factor. Major depression was associated with more severe symptomatology in younger patients; in both age groups, however, symptoms were of prolonged duration and frequently included suicidal thoughts. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive disorder in hospitalized male veterans is common, varies with age, severity of medical illness, degree of social support, and history of psychiatric problems and is associated with considerable psychological morbidity. Language: en
On Reconceptualizing Teacher Education

TESOL Quarterly invites commentary on current trends or practices in the TESOL profession. It also welcomes responses or rebuttals to any articles or remarks published here in The Forum or elsewhere in the Quarterly.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Postcricoid Region: A Case Report and Literature Review

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that can present essentially anywhere in the body. Presentations in the hypopharynx are extremely rare with only two previous cases reported. We report the first case of postcricoid SFT occurring in a 58-year-old male requiring a microsuspension laryngoscopy excision following an unsuccessful transoral robotic attempt. The excision was uneventful, and the patient is currently without recurrence. Current management strategies of the hypopharyngeal SFT, the unique differential diagnosis, and challenges in surgical approaches in the postcricoid region are discussed.
Unipotent centralizers in algebraic groups

Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic p > 0, where p is a good prime for G, and let u ∈ G be a unipotent element. We study the embedding of u in abelian unipotent subgroups and certain reductive subgroups of G and use this information to obtain information on CG(u). Of particular interest are Z(CG(u)) and the reductive part of CG(u). The process of embedding a unipotent element u ∈ G in a connected, abelian, unipotent group is sometimes called saturation. In previous work [?] saturation results were achieved when |u| = p, where it was shown that there is a unique 1dimensional unipotent group, the “saturation” of u, which contains u and which is contained in a restricted (sometimes called good) A1 subgroup of G. Here an A1 subgroup of G is restricted if all weights on the adjoint module of G are at most 2p− 2. It was shown in [?] that these A1 subgroups provide the basis for a variant of the Steinberg tensor product theorem, hence the name. It was also shown in [?] that CG(u) can be factored as a product of the unipotent radical and the centralizer of a restricted A1 subgroup containing u. In this paper we extend these results to cover unipotent elements of arbitrary order. We describe a certain 1-dimensional torus which normalizes CG(u) and then decompose Z(CG(u)) into indecomposable summands, each invariant under the torus and such that u is contained in one of the summands, say W . If |u| = p > p, we show that the saturation of up , described above, coincides with the subgroup of elements of order at most p in W . We next establish the existence of a pair of reductive groups J,R such that each is the centralizer of the other, u is a semiregular unipotent element of J , and R is the reductive part of CG(u). These subgroups provide insight into a number of issues surrounding unipotent elements. For instance, the reductive part of CG(u) appears as the centralizer of a reductive group and this is helpful
Multi-source domain adaptation and its application to early detection of fatigue

We consider the characterization of muscle fatigue through noninvasive sensing mechanism such as surface electromyography (SEMG). While changes in the properties of SEMG signals with respect to muscle fatigue have been reported in the literature, the large variation in these signals across different individuals makes the task of modeling and classification of SEMG signals challenging. Indeed, the variation in SEMG parameters from subject to subject creates differences in the data distribution. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning framework based on the multi-source domain adaptation methodology for detecting different stages of fatigue using SEMG signals, that addresses the distribution differences. In the proposed framework, the SEMG data of a subject represent a domain; data from multiple subjects in the training set form the multiple source domains and the test subject data form the target domain. SEMG signals are predominantly different in conditional probability distribution across subjects. The key feature of the proposed framework is a novel weighting scheme that addresses the conditional probability distribution differences across multiple domains (subjects). We have validated the proposed framework on Surface Electromyogram signals collected from 8 people during a fatigue-causing repetitive gripping activity. Comprehensive experiments on the SEMG data set demonstrate that the proposed method improves the classification accuracy by 20% to 30% over the cases without any domain adaptation method and by 13% to 30% over the existing state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods.
Built-in self-testing of VLSI circuits-getting errors to catch themselves

Built in-self-testing (BIST), a technique that generates test patterns and evaluates output responses inside the chip, is discussed. The generation of test patterns, which can be either exhaustive or random, is examined. Methods for output response evaluation are described. Implementation schemes and test evaluation are addressed. >
Introductory Finite Element Method

INTRODUCTION Basic Concept Process of Discretization Principles and Laws Cause and Effect Review Assignments STEPS IN THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Introduction General Idea Introduction to Variational Calculus Summary ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS DEFORMATION Introduction Explanation of Global and Local Coordinates Local and Global Coordinate System for the One-Dimensional Problem Interpolation Functions Relation Between Local and Global Coordinates Requirements for Approximation Functions Stress-Strain Relation Principle of Minimum Potential Energy Expansion of Terms Integration Direct Stiffness Method Boundary Conditions Strains and Stresses Formulation by Galerkin's Method Computer Implementation Other Procedures for Formulation Complementary Energy Approach Mixed Approach Bounds Advantages of the Finite Element Method ONE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW Theory and Formulation Problems Bibliography ONE-DIMENSIONAL TIME-DEPENDENT FLOW: Introduction to Uncoupled and Coupled Problems Uncoupled Case Time-Dependent Problems One-Dimensional Consolidation Computer Code FINITE ELEMENT CODES: ONE AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS One-Dimensional Code Philosophy of Codes Stages Explanation of Major Symbols and Arrays User's Guide for Code DFT/C1DFE Two-Dimensional Code User's Guide for Plane-2D Sample Problems for Plane-2D User's Guide for Field-2D Sample Problems for Field-2D BEAM BENDING AND BEAM COLUMN Introduction Beam-Column Other Procedures for Formulation ONE-DIMENSIONAL MASS TRANSPORT Introduction Finite Element Formulation References Bibliography ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION Introduction Finite Element Formulation Convection Parameter ux Bibliography TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL FORMULATIONS Introduction Two-Dimensional Formulation Three-Dimensional Formulation ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION Introduction Finite Element Formulation Boundary and Initial Conditions Boundary Conditions TWO-AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORMULATIONS Introduction Two-Dimensional Formulation Triangular Element Quadrilateral Element Three-Dimensional Formulation Tetrahedron Element Brick Element TORSION Introduction Finite Element Formulation (Displacement Approach) Comparison of Numerical Predictions and Closed Form Solutions Stress Approach Review and Comments Hybrid Approach Mixed Approach Static Condensation OTHER FIELD PROBLEMS: POTENTIAL, THERMAL, FLUID, AND ELECTRICAL FLOW Introduction Potential Flow Finite Element Formulation Stream Function Formulation Thermal or Heat Flow Problem Seepage Electromagnetic Problems Computer Code TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRESS-DEFORMATION ANALYSIS Introduction Plane Deformations Finite Element Formulation Computer Code MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS: BUILDING FRAME AND FOUNDATION Introduction Various Components Computer Code Transformation of Coordinates APPENDIX 1: Various Numerical Procedures: Solution to Beam Bending Problem APPENDIX 2: Solution of Simultaneous Equations APPENDIX 3 Computer Codes Each chapter also contains sections of problems and references
Retirement savings plan advisor: a knowledge-based expert system for tax deferred savings investing

The Retirement Savings Plan Advisor is a prototype knowledge-based expert system to help an employee allocate investment funds among the options of a tax deferred savings plan. The system provides advice based on the user's personal profile, the objective of the investment funds, and economic indicators. This paper describes the development of the Advisor, the rationale for the subject matter, architecture, implementation, translation, limitations and current use.
Growth, carcass characteristics, and profitability of organic versus conventional dairy beef steers

Bull calves (n=49), born at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center (Morris) between March and May 2011, were used to compare growth measurements and profitability of conventional and organic dairy steers. Calves were assigned to 1 of 3 replicated groups at birth: conventional (CONV; n=16), organic (pasture and concentrate; ORG; n=16), or organic grass only (GRS; n=17), and analysis of variables was on a pen basis. Breed groups of calves were Holstein (HO; n=9); Holsteins (n=11) maintained at 1964 breed average level; crossbreds (n=19) including combinations of HO, Montbeliarde, and Swedish Red; and crossbreds (n=10) including combinations of HO, Jersey, Swedish Red, and Normande. The CONV steers were fed a diet of 80% concentrate and 20% forage. The ORG steers were fed a diet of organic corn, organic corn silage, and at least 30% of their diet consisted of organic pasture during the grazing season. The GRS steers grazed pasture during the grazing season and were fed high-quality hay or hay silage during the nongrazing season. Intakes of a total mixed ration were recorded daily with herd management software. A profit function was defined to include revenues and expenses for beef value, feed intake, pasture intake, health cost, and yardage. The GRS (358.6 kg) steers had lesser total gains from birth to slaughter than ORG (429.6 kg) and CONV (534.5 kg) steers. Furthermore, the GRS (0.61 kg/d) steers had lesser average daily gain from birth compared with ORG (0.81 kg/d) and CONV (1.1 kg/d) steers. The GRS and ORG steers had smaller rib eye area (49.5 and 65.8 cm(2), respectively) compared with CONV (75.4 cm(2)) steers. For profitability, GRS steers had 43% greater profit than CONV steers due to organic beef price premiums and lower feed costs. On the other hand, ORG steers had substantially less profit than CONV steers. The higher cost of production for the ORG steers is due to the extreme high value of organic corn. The results of the current study illustrate the economic potential of alternative strategies for growing and marketing male offspring of organic dairy cattle in the Midwest.
Asset prices and the distribution of wealth

Abstract This paper relates fluctuations in asset prices to stochastic arrival of agents with different discount factors. I show that even arbitrarily small and rare shocks could lead to an arbitrarily high average equity premium while average interest rates remain arbitrarily close to the average rate of productivity growth.
Localization and seizure-regulation of integrin β1 mRNA in adult rat brain

Recent findings indicate that RGD-binding integrin receptors play a critical role in the maintenance of long-term potentiation but the identity and location of the integrin proteins involved are not known. The integrin beta1 is of particular interest in regard to synaptic plasticity because it is a component of many of the RGD-binding integrins and beta1-immunoreactivity has been localized within synaptic density fractions. The present study used in situ hybridization to evaluate the distribution of beta1 mRNA in adult rat brain and to determine if expression is altered by seizures. In untreated rats, beta1 mRNA is present at high levels in the ventricular epithelium and discrete neuronal groups including the magnocellular hypothalamic and efferent cranial nerve nuclei and the cerebellar Purkinje cells. Hybridization was less dense in the substantia nigra and hippocampal stratum pyramidale and low but present throughout the gray matter. Limbic seizures increased beta1 cRNA labeling of both neurons (e.g., hippocampal stratum pyramidale) and astroglial cells from 8 h through 48 h after seizure onset. These results indicate that in adult rat brain, beta1 mRNA is expressed by both neurons and glia; neuronal expression is highest in hypothalamic and peripherally projecting neurons capable of substantial morphological plasticity. Seizure effects demonstrate that beta1 is positively regulated by activity, and suggest that activity-dependent expression may play a role in synaptic plasticity in the adult brain.
Patient-Related Factors Associated With Hospital Discharge to a Care Facility After Critical Illness

BACKGROUND Many critically ill patients are transferred to other care facilities instead of to home at hospital discharge. OBJECTIVE To identify patient-related factors associated with hospital discharge to a care facility after critical illness and to estimate the magnitude of risk associated with each factor. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 548 survivors of critical illness in a medical intensive care unit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for discharge to a care facility. Only the first 72 hours of intensive care were analyzed. RESULTS Approximately one-quarter of the survivors of critical illness were discharged to a care facility instead of to home. This event occurred more commonly in older patients, even after adjustment for severity of illness and comorbid conditions (odds ratio [OR] 1.8 for patients ≥ 65 years of age vs patients < 65 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.1; P = .02). The risk was greatest for patients who received mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.0-5.8; P < .001) or had hospitalizations characterized by severe cognitive dysfunction (OR, 8.1; 95% CI, 1.3-50.6; P = .02) or poor strength and/or mobility (OR, 31.7; 95% CI, 6.4-157.3; P < .001). The model showed good discrimination (area under the curve, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86). CONCLUSION The model, which did not include baseline function or social variables, provided good discrimination between patients discharged to a care facility after critical illness and patients discharged to home. These results suggest that future research should focus on the debilitating effects of respiratory failure and on conditions with cognitive and neuromuscular sequelae.
Effects of prolonged continuous exposure to 100 per cent oxygen at 450 mm Hg in vivo on lipid synthesis in rat liver and adipose tissue slices.

SummaryMale rats, fed ad libitum, were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 mm Hg for periods of time varying from 1 to 3 weeks. After exposure, blood lipid assays were performed and in vitro incorporation of acetate-2-14C into CO2 and fatty acids by slices of liver and epididymal adipose tissue was measured. The oxygen-exposed rats gained a greater amount of weight over the exposure period than did their isocalorically, pair-fed controls. Plasma lipid values obtained from oxygen-exposed rats were higher than those obtained from the pair-fed group. Fatty acid contents in liver and adipose tissue of the oxygen-exposed rats were higher than those obtained from the pair-fed control rats. Conversion of acetate to fatty acids was found to be significantly higher in adipose tissue of O2-exposed rats than that of nonexposed controls. A similar difference was not found in the case of slices of liver obtained from the same two groups of rats. The possibility that the oxygen-enriched environment alters the utilization of ...
Did MPOA achieve its objective

Abstract Layer 3 switching is a subject vehemently discussed in the networking community. In addition to a number of manufacturer-specific approaches, multi-protocol over ATM (MPOA) and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) are the most important examples of this technology. MPOA (Multi-Protocol Over ATM Specification v1.0, af-mpoa-0087.000, July 1997; Multi-Protocol Over ATM Specification v1.1, af-mpoa-0114.000, May 1999) was released in 1997 by the ATM Forum; MPLS (A Framework for Multiprotocol Label Switching, draft-ietf-mpls-framework-02.txt, 21 November 1997; Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture, draft-ietf-mpls-arch-02.txt, July 1998) is a collection of IETF Internet drafts. This paper presents the concept of MPOA and reports on experiences resulting from the practical use of MPOA implementations from several manufacturers. The report also discusses the areas in which MPOA can be appropriately employed. Two years after the release of the MPOA standard, the time has come to critically discuss the original objective of MPOA, to examine the implementations of several manufacturers and to compare MPOA with other solutions and their objectives.
Calcineurin immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease

Aberrant phosphorylation of tau is linked to formation of the paired helical filaments (PHF) seen in Alzheimer's disease. Protein kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, and calcium-regulated protein kinases may, in part, be responsible for addition of phosphate groups to serine residues of PHFtau; however, less is known concerning the phosphatases which regulate tau. In this report, we used several well-characterized antibodies to document calcineurin immunoreactivity in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease. We now report that levels of immunoreactive calcineurin are not significantly altered in neocortex and cerebellum of Alzheimer's patients relative to similar regions of age-matched controls. Immunocytochemical studies indicated that calcineurin immunoreactivity was present in dendrites and perikarya of many different neuronal populations in both control and Alzheimer brain. When specific antibodies against PHFtau were used in double-labeling experiments with anti-calcineurin antibodies, calcineurin immunoreactivity was seen in association with neurofibrillary tangles. However, calcineurin was not seen in all tangle bearing neurons. These data suggest that calcineurin levels per se are not significantly altered in Alzheimer's disease, but that calcineurin is distributed around some neurofibrillary tangles and may play a role in regulation of tau phosphorylation.
USE OF MASS TRANSFER THEORY TO PREDICT VISCOSITY‐SWEETNESS INTERACTIONS OF FRUCTOSE AND SUCROSE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING TOMATO SOLIDS

The perceived sweetness intensity of sucrose and fructose in solutions of varying tomato solids content was studied. Using magnitude estimation it is shown that as the percentage o f tomato solids increased from 0-2.6%, the perceived sweetness intensity decreased substantially for both sucrose and fructose. The sharpest decrease occurred with a 1.66 molar fructose solution where the assessed sweetness intensity of a 2.6% insoluble tomato solids sample is 63% lower than the corresponding Wo tomato solids solution. The penetration model of mass transfer explains this psychophysical phenomenon with the following relationship:
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology.

Abstract Purpose To determine the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts representing regions of the United States. Methods The sample comprised 21,680 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study and the Cardiovascular Health Study. Subjects were aged ≥45 years, resided in six communities, and were followed for 7.6 years. All hospitalizations were identified and thromboses were validated by chart review. Results The age-standardized incidence of first-time venous thromboembolism was 1.92 per 1000 person-years. Rates were higher in men than women, and increased with age in both sexes. There was no antecedent trauma, surgery, immobilization, or diagnosis of cancer for 48% (175/366) of events. The 28-day case-fatality rate was 11% (29/265) after a first venous thromboembolism and 25% (17/67) for cancer-associated thrombosis. The recurrence rate 2 years after a first venous thromboembolism was 7.7% per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5% to 10.9% per year). Cancer was the only factor independently associated with 28-day fatality (relative risk [RR] = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.4 to 19.9) or recurrent thrombosis (RR = 9.2; 95% CI: 2.0 to 41.7). Conclusion The incidence of venous thromboembolism in this cohort of middle- and older-aged subjects was similar to that observed in more geographically homogenous samples. Half of cases were idiopathic. Short-term mortality and 2-year recurrence rates were appreciable, especially among subjects with cancer. Based on this study we estimate that 187,000 cases of first-time venous thromboembolism are diagnosed yearly in the United States among those aged 45 years or older.
Molecular constants of SiH3NCS and SiD3NCS

Potential energy constants and mean amplitudes of vibration have been calculated for silyl isothiocyanate and silyl isothiocyanate-d3 from vibrational spectral data. Values of heat content, free energy, entropy, and heat capacity also are given for the rigid rotor, harmonic oscillator approximation, at 14 temperatures between 100°K and 1200°K.
Water, the red line: The interdependence of Palestinian and Israeli water resources

The conflict and problems over water in the occupied Palestinian territories, and in the Middle East as a whole, stem from three crucial factors: Israel's continuing occupation of Palestinian land and territorial expansion; the consequent political uncertainty in the wider Middle East that prevents joint management of and accountability for largely shared water resources; and limited water resources themselves, which, in this semiarid region, are vital for development and impinge on wider security issues for all countries in the region.
Nematode Parasites and Associates of the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham)

In studies of nematodes associated with Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) the following 12 genera were found: Tylenchorhynchus, Ditylenchus, Delademis, Bursaphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Parasitaphelenchus, Chambersiella, Goodeyus, Cylindrocorpus, Poikilolahnus, Panagrobelus and Panagrolaimus . Of these, only Parasitaphelenchus oldhami Ruhm was parasitic; in this instance as larvae in the insect body cavity. The other genera were found in S. multistriatus egg galleries, in larval mines, and on the insect body. Every sample population of S. multistriatus examined was infested with P. oldhami whose incidence and magnitude appear density dependent. Life histories of both the parasite and its host are closely paralleled. Pathological effects of this nematode, if any, remain obscure.
Performance of chirp-slope keying with joint time-frequency detectors

This paper discusses recent studies on Chirp Slope Keying (CSK) as a scheme suitable for underwater communications and presents a new study on the performance of a time-frequency receiver in a Rayleigh fading environment. As expected, CSK proves to be a digital modulation scheme inferior in the AWGN channel as compared to traditional schemes but very promising in more detrimental channels present in underwater communications. In effect, while most schemes' performances decay abruptly with the addition of new disturbances, a time-frequency CSK receiver's performance deteriorates slowly with increasing Rayleigh fading. Intuition dictates that CSK will overpower other schemes as channel conditions continue to worsen. The receiver first uses the Wigner distribution to transform the incoming signal to the joint time-frequency domain and then computes the Radon transform to determine the binary digit received.
Exploring Sequential and Association Rule Mining for Pattern-based Energy Demand Characterization

The relationship between occupant activity and electricity consumption is inextricably linked. It has been difficult to both gather detailed energy data and information about occupants' daily lives as well as understand their relationship quantitatively. There is significant past work on activity recognition in homes and load prediction, but there is limited understanding of how activities can inform consumption or vice versa. Our work begins by characterizing power data as provided by plug-level meters from one household. Association and sequential rule mining techniques are applied to extract explicit rules that may be useful for forming the basis of demand patterns. Initial findings include the identification of device groups but highlight the challenges of modeling complex patterns and event rarity.
An assay for the detection of interferon dependent and interferon independent antibody activities.

Abstract A spectrophotometric assay is described for the detection of interferon (IFN) dependent antibody (IDA) activity (i.e., antibodies that act with IFN to synergistically inhibit virus infection) and IFN independent antibody (IIA) activity (i.e., antibodies that act additively with IFN to inhibit virus infection). Four neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) were tested. Three mAb exhibited IDA activity and one mAb exhibited IIA activity against PV-1 strain Sabin. Concomitantly, the respective IDA and IIA activities were confirmed by a yield reduction assay. Also, the spectrophotometric assay detected IIA activity against PV-1 and IDA activity against PV-2 and PV-3 in human serum. Interestingly, antibody to a synthetic peptide of PV-1 capsid protein VP2 exhibited IIA activity against PV-2 strain MEF. Thus, this assay can facilitate the identification and investigation of IDA and DA activities. Further, the assay adds economic feasibility to studying the natural occurrence of these antibody activities in the general population and can be useful in assessing the therapeutic potential of vaccine induced and hyperimmune antibodies.
Controlling forces and pathways in self-assembly using viruses and DNA.

The ability of both viruses and DNA to self-assemble in solution has continues to enable numerous applications at the nanoscale. Here we review the relevant interactions dictating the assembly of these structures, as well as discussing how they can be exploited experimentally. Because self-assembly is a process, we discuss various strategies for achieving spatial and temporal control. Finally, we highlight a few examples of recent advances that exploit the features of these nanostructures. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 282–297 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.129 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website
Keynote address: Restoring connectivity of partially damaged wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) often operate unattended in harsh and inhospitable environments. While such deployment eliminates/reduces human intervention and provided fullyautomated data gathering systems, WSNs are prone to sensors failure which not only can degrade the quality of coverage but also disrupt the data traffic. To address such a problem, most approaches in the literature deploy redundant nodes during network setup and reconfigure the network topology to establish alternate data paths. However, sometimes the network suffers a loss of a critical node or a large scale damage that involves many nodes and would thus create multiple disjoint partitions. For these cases, a provisioned approach for tolerating occasional failures at the network design level will not be effective. This talk analyzes the effect of a node failure on connectivity and explores the different recovery options. A number of schemes for connectivity restoration will be described. A summary of ongoing efforts and open research problems will be also presented.
What Your Lung Transplant Candidates with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Want and Expect from Transplant

What Your Lung Transplant Candidates with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Want and Expect from Transplant C.J. Gries ,1 M. Budev,2 L.D. Snyder,3 J.M. Pilewski,1 M. Dew,4 A. DeVito-Dabbs,5 C. Bermudez,6 S.J. Patterson,1 D.B. White.7 1Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; 2Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; 3Medicine-Pulmonary, Duke University, Durham, NC; 4Psychiatry, Psychology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; 5School of Nursing and Center for Bioethics & Health Law, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; 6Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; 7Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
Quantification of 9‐Carboxy‐11‐nor‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in Urine Using Brominated 9‐Carboxy‐11‐nor‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol as the Internal Standard and High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

A method was developed for quantitating 9-carboxy-11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human urine as part of the process for validating an automated enzyme immunoassay for marijuana metabolites. Sample cleanup was accomplished using a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction. 9-Carboxy-11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the internal standard, brominated 9-carboxy-11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (+ 0.85 V). The linear range for this method is 0.012-0.20 microgram/mL. No interference was seen for 22 drugs and metabolites. The pooled relative standard deviation is 4.1% (n = 27) for the quality control samples. This method was compared to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry by linear regression analysis. The slope of the line is 1.00 +/- 0.05 (standard error), the intercept is approximately zero, the coefficient of determination is 0.994, and the standard error of the estimate is 0.006 microgram/mL.
The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) approach to assessing myocardial viability

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noninvasive imaging method that can determine myocardial anatomy, function, perfusion, and viability in a relative short examination. In terms of viability assessment, CMR can determine viability in a non-contrast enhanced scan using dobutamine stress following protocols comparable to those developed for dobutamine echocardiography. CMR can also determine viability with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) methods. The gadolinium-based contrast agents used for LGE differentiate viable myocardium from scar on the basis of differences in cell membrane integrity for acute myocardial infarction. In chronic myocardial infarction, the scarred tissue enhances much more than normal myocardium due to increases in extracellular volume. LGE is well validated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that now span from almost a cellular level in animals to human validations in a large international multicenter clinical trial. Beyond infarct size or infarct detection, LGE is a strong predictor of mortality and adverse cardiac events. CMR can also image microvascular obstruction and intracardiac thrombus. When combined with a measure of area at risk like T2-weighted images, CMR can determine infarct size, area at risk, and thus estimate myocardial salvage 1-7 days after acute myocardial infarction. Thus, CMR is a well validated technique that can assess viability by gadolinium-free dobutamine stress testing or late gadolinium enhancement.
Integral representations of second order processes

Abstract Integral representations of second order, not necessarily stationary, random processes (and fields) that include large classes are presented. These are obtained through certain associated abelian families of operators in Hilbert space. Several known results are contained in this general methodology, and some new possibilities are noted.
Interpreting Substituent Effects on the Crystal Packing of Long-Chain Diacyl Peroxides. The Crystal Structures of D1 (11 Bromoundecanoyl) Peroxide and Di (Undecanoyl) Peroxide

Abstract Although crystals of di(11-bromoundecanoyl) peroxide and di(undecanoyl) peroxide have different space groups (P43212 and C2221), the molecules pack in almost identical layers. They differ only in the nature of stacking across interfaces involving the terminal groups. Because the 90° twist about the O-O bond locks neighboring molecules together within the layer, each peroxide shows a single solid phase from 5K to the melting point. Analysis of the stacking pattern in terms of the six possible orientational relationships suggests special stability for an L-shaped motif of C-Br-Br-C. Other substituents create different stackings of the same layer structure to give three crystal classes and five space groups among 14 compounds. Unsymmetrical peroxides are useful both for forcing a variety of substituted chains (particularly odd-even homologues) to pack with identical layer structures, and for controlling the stacking pattern. Because structural differences are localized in the vicinity of the substit...
C-reactive protein inhibits in vitro oxidation of low-density lipoprotein.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in cardiovascular disease and binds to oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPtC) in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) surface. In the present study, we tested if CRP influences the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. At physiological concentrations of 1–7 μg/ml, CRP strongly inhibited copper-mediated oxidation of LDL and phospholipid liposomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar concentrations of different monoclonal antibodies or albumin did not influence LDL oxidation. Antioxidant activity of CRP was inhibited by phosphocholine (PC), indicating that the observed activity involves binding of CRP to oxPtC. These results suggest that CRP may limit atherogenic oxidation of LDL in vivo.
The Blair-Leighton equation applied to the production of the latent photographic image by hydrogen peroxide

Abstract 1. 1. Data published by Sheppard and Wightman are interpreted as supporting the Blair-Leighton equation. 2. 2. Data presented here also indicate that the rate of formation of the latent image by hydrogen peroxide follows the same equation. 3. 3. Variations of the data of Sheppard and Wightman from the horizontal portion of the theoretically computed curve are not confirmed by data from this laboratory. 4. 4. Evidence is presented that there is no direct correlation between the behavior of emulsions upon exposure to light and to hydrogen peroxide for ( a ) emulsions identical in their reaction to light differ widely in their sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and ( b ) emulsions differing widely in their light sensitivity show little difference in their behavior with hydrogen peroxide. 5. 5. Evidence is presented which tends to show tht the process of production of the latent image by different agents is fundamentally identical.
A relict-grain-bearing porphyritic olivine compound chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that experienced limited remelting

Chondrule D8n in LL3.0 Semarkona is a porphyritic olivine (PO) chondrule, 1300 1900 μm in size, with a complicated thermal history. The oldest recognizable portion of D8n is a moderately high-FeO, PO chondrule that is modeled as having become enmeshed in a dust ball containing a small, intact, low-FeO porphyritic chondrule and fine-grained material consisting of forsterite, kamacite, troilite, and possibly reduced C. The final chondrule melting event may have been a heat pulse that preferentially melted the low-FeO material and produced a low-FeO, opaquerich, exterior region, 45-140 μm in thickness, around the original chondrule. At one end of the exterior region, a kamacite- and troilite-rich lump 960 ?m in length formed. During the final melting event, the coarse, moderately ferroan olivine phenocrysts within the original chondrule appear to have been partly resorbed (These relict phenocrysts have the highest concentrations of FeO, MnO, and Cr2O3 -- 7.5, 0.20, and 0.61 wt%, respectively -- in D8n.). Narrow olivine overgrowths crystallized around the phenocrysts following final chondrule melting; their compositions seem to reflect mixing between melt derived from the exterior region and the resorbed margins of the phenocrysts. During the melting event, FeO in the relict phenocrysts was reduced, producing numerous small blebs of Ni-poor metallic Fe along preexisting curvilinear fractures. The reduced olivine flanking the trails of metal blebs has lower FeO than the phenocrysts but virtually identical MnO and Cr2O3 contents. Subsequent parent-body aqueous alteration in the exterior region of the chondrule formed pentlandite and abundant magnetite.