cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pituitary Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) in Children with Non-Addisonian Hypoglycemia

SummaryThe effects of ACTH on the fasting blood sugar level and glucose tolerance test; on the potassium and inorganic phosphorus content of the serum; on the nitrogen, phosphorus, chloride, sodium and potassium balances; on the urinary excretion of uric acid, creatinine and adrenal corticosteroids and on the blood eosinophil counts were determined in 5 young children with non-Addisonian (familial) hypoglycemia. The type of response to ACTH was similar in all respects to that of the normal adult. However, under the conditions of this experiment, instead of producing a transient state of diabetes mel-litus, as it does in the normal subject, the ACTH appeared merely to reverse the hypoglycemic tendency, with return of the fasting blood sugar level and the glucose tolerance curve to normal. While the eosinophil count returned to normal promptly upon withdrawal of ACTH, the blood sugar remained above the threshold for hypoglycemic reactions for at least 10 days without ACTH in the most severe case in the seri...
Differences in Mortality among Full-Sib Channel Catfish Families at Low Dissolved Oxygen

Abstract Fifteen full-sib channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) families from the Yazoo strain and eight from the Louisiana State University (LSU) strain were tested for variability in mortality rate at a low level of dissolved oxygen (1.1 ± 0.1 mg/L [ppm]). Channel catfish fry ranging from 2 to 10 days of age were subjected to low dissolved oxygen shock tests for 10-hour periods following 12-hour acclimation. There was no significant difference between the LSU and Yazoo strains in mortality. No significant differences were detected among age groups of fry (3 and 4; 5 and 6; 7 and 8; and 9 and 10 days old). There were highly significant and significant intra-class correlations among the full-sib families, indicating that families differed either in total genotypic value or due to environmental effects common to full-sib groups.
Dimensional scaling and compliance of tools used in deterministic microgrinding of spherical optics

For precise deterministic microgrinding of optical components, the exact location of the region of contact between the machine tool and the glass work piece needs to be specified. Any tool compliance therefore contributes to a lack of precision during grinding and to error in the final surface of the glass work piece. The goals of this work are to analyze the dependence of ring tool compliance changes and to develop simple analytical formulas that express these relationships for machine tools used in spherical lens fabrication. Numerical predictions have also been obtained using NASTRAN, a linear finite element analysis routine. The numerical results have been compared with estimations obtained from approximate analytical expressions to determine the ranges of validity of the expressions. These simplified expressions can be used to aid the design of ring tools for smaller [O(mm) diameter] and larger [O(m) diameter] optical lens fabrication.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phase noise and laser-cooling limits of optomechanical oscillators

The noise from laser phase fluctuation sets a major technical obstacle to cool the nanomechanical oscillators to the quantum region. We propose a cooling configuration based on the optomechanical coupling with two cavity modes to significantly reduce this phase noise by ${(2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}/\ensuremath{\gamma})}^{2}$ times, where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{m}$ is the frequency of the mechanical mode and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is the decay rate of the cavity mode. We also discuss the detection of the phonon number when the mechanical oscillator is cooled near the quantum region and specify the required conditions for this detection.
Multiphase Flow Fields in In-situ Air Sparging and its Effect on Remediation

In-situ air sparging (IAS) is used for the clean-up of soil and groundwater that are contaminated with volatile organic compounds in relatively permeable subsurface environments. In this study, we investigated the secondary groundwater and gas flow fields that develop in the vicinity of single and multiple air sparging wells. The purpose is to evaluate their effects on contaminant plume migration and thus, remediation. Governing equations describing multiphase flow and contaminant transport in a three-dimensional domain were formulated and solved using the Galerkin finite element technique. Trichloroethylene was selected as a target contaminant. The increase in air injection contributed to an increase in the size of the IAS cone of influence and the gas saturation levels within the cone. This reduced the groundwater velocity within the cone and increased the zone of detour of groundwater around the air sparging wells. This outcome was quantified and compared under several IAS operations. Different soil permeability characteristics also affected the groundwater and gas flow patterns, and this impacted the remedial performance of the IAS system. Under high ambient groundwater velocity, an air sparging system that uses a single injection well caused the detour of contaminant plumes around injection wells, regardless of air injection rates, and failed to meet the remedial goal specified here. This system was successful for relatively low ambient groundwater velocity environments used here. An IAS system with multiple injection wells was effective in capturing and remediating the detoured contaminant plume, and showed superior performance when compared to a single injection well IAS system. Using IAS simulation, we also analyzed the impact of injection rates on site remediation using single or multiple wells. Design criteria that are based on the results of this study would be useful in enhancing the performance of the IAS systems.
Increasing scientific and analytic capacity in States: extending epidemiology collaborations beyond traditional workforce development.

Many of the articles in this issue of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Journal showcase examples of the high-level applied research currently being conducted by MCH epidemiologists working in state health agencies. This work is in part a product of a collaboration between the MCH Epidemiology Program (MCHEP) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and MCH epidemiology faculty at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health (UIC-SPH)—a collaboration that provided ongoing, distance-based, advanced training and technical assistance in analytic methods for 7 years. For an in-depth description of this collaboration, see the article by Rankin et al. [1] later in this supplement. This collaboration was one of the many workforce development initiatives designed to build analytic capacity in state and local health agencies sponsored by the CDC, HRSA/MCHB, City-MatCH, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and others over the past 25 years. As discussed in the commentary in this issue by Phillips et al. [2] these capacity building efforts have taken many forms, including face-to-face workshops, distance-based courses, blended trainings, academic degree programs, fellowships, and internships
Biochemical response to testicular androgen ablation among patients with prostate cancer for whom flutamide and/or finasteride therapy failed.

Objectives. To evaluate the response of testicular androgen ablation in patients with advanced prostate cancer with a biochemical recurrence after finasteride or combined finasteride and flutamide therapy. Methods. Eighteen hormone naive men with advanced prostate cancer (10 with detectable prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels after radical prostatectomy, 4 with rising PSA levels after definitive radiation therapy, and 4 with Stage D2 disease) were treated with finasteride (5 mg/day) alone or in combination with flutamide (250 mg three times a day). All men experienced an initial reduction in serum PSA, but later had treatment failure with two consecutive rising PSA measurements. All men were then treated with testicular androgen ablation (bilateral orchiectomy in 15 and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue in 3). Results. Overall, serum PSA declined by more than 80% in 15 (83%) of 18 and to undetectable levels in 14 (78%) of 18. With a median ± semi-interquartile range follow-up of 22 ± 14.5 months from the initiation of hormone therapy, 12 (67%) of 18 currently have undetectable PSA levels. Two men having rising serum PSA levels above 100 ng/mL and 1 man has died from complications of metastatic prostate cancer. Conclusions. Testicular androgen ablation effectively lowers serum PSA levels in most men with advanced prostate cancer who have experienced a biochemical recurrence despite initial response and subsequent relapse on finasteride or combined finasteride and flutamide therapy.
Resistor Emulation Approach to Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting

This paper presents an approach and associated circuitry for harvesting near maximum output power from electromagnetic waves in the RF/microwave region of the spectrum with variable incident power densities in the range of tens of muW/cm2. It is shown that open loop resistor emulation at the input port of a power converter is a suitable solution for tracking the peak power point of a low-power rectifying antenna source over a wide range of incident RF power densities. A boost converter with a simple low-power control approach for resistor emulation is presented. A hardware design example with detailed efficiency analysis is given using commercially available discrete circuitry. Experimental results are presented for a system harvesting 420 muW to 8 muW from a 6 cm times 6 cm rectifying antenna with incident RF power ranging from 70 muW/cm2 to 30 muW/cm2, respectively. The results demonstrate that resistor emulation is a simple and practical approach to energy harvesting with variable low-power radiative RF sources.
Noise in Remote-Sensing Systems: The Effect on Classification Error

Several types of noise in remote-sensing systems are treated. The purpose is to provide enhanced understanding of the relationship of noise sources to both analysis results and sensor design. The context of optical sensors and spectral pattern recognition analysis methods is used to enable tractability for quantitative results. First, the concept of multispectral classification is reviewed. Next, stochastic models are discussed for both signals and noise, including thermal, shot and quantization noise along with atmospheric effects. A model enabling the study of the combined effect of these sources is presented, and a system performance index is defined. Theoretical results showing the interrelated effects of the noise sources on system performance are given. Results of simulations using the system model are presented for several values of system parameters, using some noise parameters of the Thematic Mapper scanner as an illustration. Results show the relative importance of each of the noise sources on system performance, including how sensor noise interacts with atmospheric effects to degrade accuracy
Are There Effects of Renin–Angiotensin System Antagonists Beyond Blood Pressure Control?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are recognized to reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality, which is primarily attributed to their antihypertensive effects. Activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal disease through blood pressure–independent mechanisms mediated by angiotensin II. Thus, inhibiting the RAS with either an ARB or an ACE inhibitor may confer additional benefit in people with advanced nephropathy that cannot be explained totally by reductions in blood pressure. Preclinical evidence suggests that blood pressure lowering is not solely responsible for the organ and tissue protective effects of ACE inhibitors or ARBs. Furthermore, clinical studies evaluating effects on end organs and surrogate markers have shown that these agents have blood pressure–independent effects. There is also intriguing evidence that agents in the same class may differ in their effects on renal function despite similar blood pressure control. Support for blood pressure–independent effects comes from outcome studies. Agents evaluated in such studies and that appear to have effects independent of blood pressure lowering include irbesartan, losartan, ramipril, and telmisartan. Taken together, this body of evidence indicates that the clinical benefits of ARBs and ACE inhibitors in patients with advanced nephropathy extend beyond blood pressure reduction. Therefore, although antihypertensive efficacy is of primary importance in choosing a treatment to provide cardiovascular and renal protection, consideration should be given to the effects of an agent that extend beyond blood pressure.
Nonlinear spacing policies for automated heavy-duty vehicles

In the longitudinal control problem for automated heavy-duty vehicles, an important control objective is string stability, which ensures that errors decrease as they propagate upstream through the platoon. It is well known that when vehicles operate autonomously, string stability can he achieved by using speed-dependent spacing with constant time headway. However, this results in large steady-state intervehicle spacings, hence, decreased traffic throughput. This disadvantage is even more pronounced in heavy-duty vehicles, which require larger time headways due to their low actuation-to-weight ratio. In this paper, we develop two new nonlinear spacing policies-variable time headway and variable separation error gait-which all but eliminate this undesirable side effect. The first policy significantly reduces the transient errors and allows us to use much smaller spacings in autonomous platoon operation, while the second one results in smoother and more robust longitudinal control. Furthermore, the two can be combined to yield even better robustness, as is shown through our qualitative analysis.
Low-temperature electrical transport and double exchange in La0.67(Pb,Ca)0.33MnO3

The resistivity in the ferromagnetic state of flux-grown ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b},\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a})}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ single crystals, measured in magnetic fields up to 7 T, reveals a strong quadratic temperature dependence at and above 50 K. At lower temperatures, this contribution drops precipitously leaving the resistivity essentially temperature independent below 20 K. The Seebeck coefficient also reflects a change of behavior at the same temperature. We attribute this behavior to a cutoff of single magnon scattering processes at long wavelengths due to the polarized bands of a double-exchange ferromagnet.
"Watch the Waves of the Sea": Literacy, Feedback, and the European Encounter in Elmina

On 19 January 1482, a Portuguese fleet of ships under the command of Captain Don Diego d'Azambuja landed at Elmina (a small town on the Gold Coast, what is now Ghana). D'Azambuja immediately set up a meeting with the king of Elmina. King Kwamena Ansa, dressed in all of his finery, met with the Portuguese captain, and during this meeting d'Azambuja asked for permission to build a permanent settlement. At first, Ansa denied his request, stating that he should watch the waves of the sea. Just as they come to the shore, reach the shore, and go back, so too should he continue to come to Elmina, trade, and go back to Portugal. After persistent requests however, Ansa finally agreed and allowed the Portuguese to build a fort known today as Elmina Castle.I first heard this story from men and women in Elmina during field research there in 2001. When I asked people to tell me about the history of the town and gave them free rein to discuss any topic of their choosing, this was often the story that they chose to tell. Kwamena Ansa, it seems, is a local legend. His fame has extended beyond Elmina however, and into Western scholarship. In particular, David Henige has tracked the emergence of Ansa within Elmina's oral tradition. Henige argues that, while this historical figure can be traced through written sources reaching all the way back to the early sixteenth century, his recognition as a past king by local residents in Elmina has a much shorter history. Indeed, Ansa first emerged in kinglists dating back only to the 1920s and 1930s. During this time, Henige argues, local residents began reading European texts about Elmina's history in order to negotiate colonial courts. The inclusion of Ansa on kinglists represents, therefore, an example of feedback, which is the process of the integration of information from the written record into the oral tradition.
Trends in breastfeeding: it is not only at the breast anymore

The past characterisations of breastfeeding as being only at the breast of the mother may no longer be applicable in the United States as mothers now frequently express their milk. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with women who visited the Cincinnati Children's Breastfeeding Medicine Clinic to understand breast milk feeding behaviours of healthy mothers and infants, which included questions specifically about breast milk expression. All 40 mothers in the cohort expressed their milk and all 40 infants were fed expressed milk. One infant was fed another mother's milk for 30 days. Two-thirds (13/40) of infants received their mother's expressed milk at least a week after it was first expressed and 25% (10/40) of infants continued to be fed expressed breast milk after mothers had stopped expressing milk. There were 14 sequences of breast milk production by the mothers and 16 sequences of consumption by the infants. Early in the post-partum period, mothers started expressing milk even though their infants were consuming all of the breast milk that they needed at the breast. As a result of breast milk expression by all mothers in this cohort, we observed highly variable patterns of maternal breast milk production and infant breast milk consumption, which were not necessarily synchronous within a dyad. It is now time to develop appropriate ways to characterise the production and consumption of breast milk more accurately and investigate whether these behaviours have consequences for the health of mothers and infants.
Electromagnetically induced transparency from electron spin coherences in semiconductor quantum wells [Invited]

In this paper, we review our recent experimental studies on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from electron spin coherences in semiconductor quantum wells. Coherent Raman resonances, manifestations of EIT from electron spin coherences at relatively low pump intensities, were demonstrated in both V-type and Λ-type three-level systems via heavy-hole exciton and trion transitions in undoped and doped quantum wells, respectively. Coherent Raman resonances from electron spin coherences via light-hole transitions were also demonstrated in a waveguide geometry that enables a long optical interaction length as well as a large absorption coefficient. Experimental approaches that can avoid or reduce detrimental many-body effects in quantum wells are suggested for the realization of nearly ideal EIT processes.
Dark current suppression in GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

We demonstrate a novel technique for decreasing the dark current in GaAs and AlGaAs-GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors without compromising the responsivity or the bandwidth. This technique involves the placement of the electrode tips and the contact pads on top of an insulating layer of silicon nitride to eliminate parasitic leakage paths and high electric field regions near the tips of the electrodes. For GaAs devices biased at 5 V with a 50/spl times/50-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ active area and 3-/spl mu/m electrode spacing and width, the dark current was reduced from 48.8 to 2.49 nA and the noise equivalent power was reduced from 119 to 26.9 nW. For similar AlGaAsGaAs devices, the dark current was reduced from 1.6 to 0.3 nA and the noise equivalent power was reduced from 19.2 to 8.12 nW.
Optical Properties of Magnesium Oxide

It is pointed out that crystals of β-magnesia of optical quality may be obtained in sizes up to 112 inches diameter. Windows for use in spectroscopic furnaces have been prepared from this material. Tests made with these windows show that they resist attack by the vapors of Ca, Na, K and Li. They transmit from 2150A in the ultraviolet to about 5 μ in the infrared. The index of refraction varies from 1.8450 at 2536A to 1.7313 at 7065A. The dispersion, ν, is 53.5. A preliminary investigation shows that it may be suitable for a quartz-magnesia doublet lens.
Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing

Demand for DNA sequence information has never been greater, yet current Sanger technology is too costly, time consuming, and labor intensive to meet this ongoing demand. Applications span numerous research interests, including sequence variation studies, comparative genomics and evolution, forensics, and diagnostic and applied therapeutics. Several emerging technologies show promise of delivering next-generation solutions for fast and affordable genome sequencing. In this review article, the DNA polymerase-dependent strategies of Sanger sequencing, single nucleotide addition, and cyclic reversible termination are discussed to highlight recent advances and potential challenges these technologies face in their development for ultrafast DNA sequencing.
Estimating birth and death rates of zooplankton1

Al,.wuct Two estimates of the birth rate using an egg ratio are derived from ,I three-\t,tge (egg\, juveniles, and adults) model for an exponentially growing population, and the \en\itivity of these estimates to time and age-dependence of the birth and death rates and to measurement errors is explored. Tests to determine whether a population violates the assllmptions of the model are suggested, and birth rate estimates which partially compensate f;)r some departures from the model are proposed. Other methods for estimating birth and death rate4 ba\ed on this type of model are reviewed. Four birth rate estimates are compared using data for a population of Daphnia pulicariu, and recommendations on the use of birth and death rate\ bused on the egg ratio are made. Birth and death rates are difficult or impossible to measure directly for most zooplankton populations, so indirect estimates are commonly used. Any indirect estimate must be based on some measurable quantities and on a mathematical model of population growth which allows computation of the birth and death rates from those quantities. The accuracy of the indirect estimate depends on both the accuracy of the measurements and the validity of the assumptions of the model. Because the form of population growth varies among populations, different indirect estimates are appropriate for different populations. Here we explore the class of indirect estimates of birth rates based on the “egg ratio,” a ratio of the number of eggs to the number of animals in a population. The egg-ratio method was introduced by Edmondson (1960) and refined by Edmondson (1968), Caswell (1972), and Paloheimo (1974); it is appropriate for populations that have reached a stable age distribution and are, consequently, undergoing exponential growth. When a population is growing exponentially, the birth rate can be estimated from some formula by using the egg ratio, and the death rate by the difference between the population growth rate and the estimated birth rate. We develop a model of a population ’ Completer funds provided 1)~ the Graduate
Mucin gene 19 (MUC19) expression and response to inflammatory cytokines in middle ear epithelium.

Mucin gene 19 (MUC19) has been identified as a major gel-forming mucin in the human middle ear (ME). The objectives of this investigation were to characterize the expression and assess the regulation of MUC19 in the ME cell culture models utilized in the study of otitis media (OM). Findings demonstrate that MUC19 is expressed in both human immortalized cell culture (HMEEC) and chinchilla primary epithelial culture (CMEEC). ME exposure to inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 up-regulate MUC19 transcription, most robustly after exposure to TNF-α. Kinetic experiments suggest a relative early response in MUC19 transcription and a down-regulation after prolonged exposure. Glycoprotein production was increased in response to the increased transcription as well. Similar to other mucin genes in the ME, MUC19 is differentially regulated after exposure to inflammatory cytokines. The large size, gel-forming properties and up-regulation in response to important inflammatory cytokines of MUC19 suggest that it has significant potential to play a role in both physiology and pathophysiology of the ME.
RGS4 mRNA expression in postmortem human cortex is associated with COMT Val158Met genotype and COMT enzyme activity

Linkage, association and postmortem studies have implicated regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4), which negatively modulates signal transduction at G-protein-coupled receptors, as a candidate schizophrenia susceptibility gene. We compared RGS4 mRNA expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), between normal controls and patients with schizophrenia in two independent cohorts (>100 subjects each) (the CBDB/NIMH Collection and the Stanley Array Collection), and in the hippocampus in the CBDB/NIMH Collection. We also examined the effects of the four previously identified putative RGS4 risk SNPs (rs10917670, rs951436, rs951439, rs2661319) on RGS4 expression levels in these cohorts. As dopamine signaling is linked to RGS4 expression and there is evidence for statistical epistasis between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and RGS4 alleles, we also examined relationships between the COMT Val158Met genotype and RGS4 expression in the DLPFC. We did not detect a difference in RGS4 expression levels between schizophrenic patients (or bipolar disorder patients in the Stanley Collection) and controls and found no significant association between any of the RGS4 risk SNPs and RGS4 expression. However, COMT Val158Met genotype was associated with prefrontal and hippocampal RGS4 mRNA expression in an allele dose-dependent manner, with carriers of the COMT Val allele showing significantly lower expression than heterozygous individuals or subjects homozygous for the Met allele. Consistent with these genotype effects, RGS4 mRNA was inversely correlated with the COMT enzyme activity in the DLPFC. These data suggest that RGS4 mRNA expression is associated with cortical dopamine signaling and illustrate the importance of genetic and/or environmental background in gene expression studies in schizophrenia.
Dependence of the Electron Beam Energy and Types of Surface to Determine EBSD Indexing Reliability in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a powerful technique for surface microstructure analysis. EBSD analysis of cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is demonstrated. The statistics related to EBSD indexing reliability shows that the probability of accurate grain orientation detection increased significantly when the electron beam energy was increased from 10 to 30 kV. As a result of better sampling with increased interaction volume, a disparity between local and average grain misorientation angle also exhibited the dependence of the electron beam energy to determine the accuracy of grain orientation. To study EBSD indexing reliability as a function of surface roughness and overlayer formation, rapid EBSD measurement tests were performed on (a) YSZ surfaces ion-polished at ion beam energies of 65 nA at 30 kV and 1 nA at 30 kV and (b) carbon-coated versus uncoated YSZ surfaces. The EBSD results at both 10 and 30 kV electron beam energies indicate that EBSD indexing reliability is negatively affected by higher ion beam milling current and amorphous overlayer formation.
Complexities in pyroxene compositions derived from absorption band centers: Examples from Apollo samples, HED meteorites, synthetic pure pyroxenes, and remote sensing data

We reexamine the relationship between pyroxene composition and near-infrared absorption bands, integrating measurements of diverse natural and synthetic samples. We test an algorithm (PLC) involving a two-part linear continuum removal and parabolic fits to the 1 and 2 μm bands—a computationally simple approach which can easily be automated and applied to remote sensing data. Employing a suite of synthetic pure pyroxenes, the PLC technique is shown to derive similar band centers to the modified Gaussian model. PLC analyses are extended to natural pyroxene-bearing materials, including (1) bulk lunar basalts and pyroxene separates, (2) diverse lunar soils, and (3) HED meteorites. For natural pyroxenes, the relationship between composition and absorption band center differs from that of synthetic pyroxenes. These differences arise from complexities inherent in natural materials such as exsolution, zoning, mixing, and space weathering. For these reasons, band center measurements of natural pyroxene-bearing materials are compositionally nonunique and could represent three distinct scenarios (1) pyroxene with a narrow compositional range, (2) complexly zoned pyroxene grains, or (3) a mixture of multiple pyroxene (or nonpyroxene) components. Therefore, a universal quantitative relationship between band centers and pyroxene composition cannot be uniquely derived for natural pyroxene-bearing materials without additional geologic context. Nevertheless, useful relative relationships between composition and band center persist in most cases. These relationships are used to interpret M3 data from the Humboldtianum Basin. Four distinct compositional units are identified (1) Mare Humboldtianum basalts, (2) distinct outer basalts, (3) low-Ca pyroxene-bearing materials, and (4) feldspathic materials.
Beyond Abigail Alliance: The Reality Behind the Right to Get Experimental Drugs

One of the more exciting recent events in constitutional law has been the possibility of a newly coined constitutional right: a right of access to unproven medications. That intriguing possibility was quickly snuffed out, as the Abigail Alliance litigation drew to a close. But the issues that arose during that litigation remain important ones. This Article attempts to demonstrate that much of the claimed promise regarding a constitutional right of access to unproven medications is largely hype. For a variety of reasons, such a right is likely to have a relatively modest impact on the lives of most Americans. In contrast, however, the issue of access to unproven medications is already playing out in a surprising area that receives relatively little attention: participation in clinical research studies.
Exploring the Political Organization-Public Relationship in Terms of Relationship, Personality, Loyalty, and Outcomes Among First-Time Voters

Building on political organization-public relationship research, this survey (N = 610) of first-time voters investigates the role of relationship as an independent variable. Relationship contributes to predicting strength of political party affiliation, alongside personality. Weak relationships appear to be a significant indicator among those who are no longer loyal to their party and cross party lines. Future research should track the path of relationship from these first-time voters to more experienced voters and longer-standing constituents.
Peridynamic Modeling of Defects in Composites

This study presents the peridynamic simulation of laminated composites with defects such as delamination and fiber waviness. As part of the peridynamic simulations, an energy based critical stretch parameter is proposed to invoke the effects of different deformation/loading modes. Peridynamic simulations of delamination growth in Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimen and laminate with wavy fibers under compression provide both damage initiation and progression. These predictions are compared with numerical and experimental results available in literature; they show remarkable agreement.
A dual-modal magnetic nanoparticle probe for preoperative and intraoperative mapping of sentinel lymph nodes by magnetic resonance and near infrared fluorescence imaging:

The ability to reliably detect sentinel lymph nodes for sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymphadenectomy is important in clinical management of patients with metastatic cancers. However, the traditional sentinel lymph node mapping with visible dyes is limited by the penetration depth of light and fast clearance of the dyes. On the other hand, sentinel lymph node mapping with radionucleotide technique has intrinsically low spatial resolution and does not provide anatomic details in the sentinel lymph node mapping procedure. This work reports the development of a dual modality imaging probe with magnetic resonance and near infrared imaging capabilities for sentinel lymph node mapping using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (10 nm core size) conjugated with a near infrared molecule with emission at 830 nm. Accumulation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in sentinel lymph nodes leads to strong T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast that can be potentially used for preoperative localization of sentinel lymph nodes, while conjugated near infrared molecules provide optical imaging tracking of lymph nodes with a high signal to background ratio. The new magnetic nanoparticle based dual imaging probe exhibits a significant longer lymph node retention time. Near infrared signals from nanoparticle conjugated near infrared dyes last up to 60 min in sentinel lymph node compared to that of 25 min for the free near infrared dyes in a mouse model. Furthermore, axillary lymph nodes, in addition to sentinel lymph nodes, can be also visualized with this probe, given its slow clearance and sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, this new dual modality imaging probe with the tissue penetration and sensitive detection of sentinel lymph nodes can be applied for preoperative survey of lymph nodes with magnetic resonance imaging and allows intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping using near infrared optical devices.
Antecedents and Consequences of Newlyweds' Cash Flow Management

This study focused on exploring the process and outcomes of cash flow management among randomly-selected newlywed couples. Descriptive data suggested that family cash flow management is much more complex than revealed in previous studies asking whether families have a budget. Three dimensions of family cash flow management --- budgeting, financial record-keeping, and goal-setting and analysis --- were performed with varying frequency by newlyweds. The most consistent antecedents that predict the frequency with which couples perform these tasks were indicators of their willingness to manage, even after their ability and need to manage were controlled. Performing the recommended cash flow management tasks more frequently appears to have few objective benefits, at least in the short term, while one dimension, record-keeping, did predict greater satisfaction with the family's financial situation.
Assessing Public Timber Harvest Impacts In A Mixed Public/Private Stumpage Market

AbstractA conceptual model for assessing public/private timber supply interactions in small regions is presented. A hypothetical mixed-ownership situation was developed to demonstrate how the cumulative impact of public timber harvests on private sources of supply could be assessed. Simulation results illustrate the ability of the model to portray key features of the mixed forest ownership situation. The simulations further suggest the need to consider the age-class structure of adjacent private forests when assessing the consequences of public forest allowable sale quantities, and bring into question the ability of public forest managers to ensure stability in local wood processing industries.
The potential of FDG PET/CT for early diagnosis of cardiac device and prosthetic valve infection before morphologic damages ensue.

Diagnosis of cardiac mechanical device or prosthesis valve infection, and more importantly accurate localization of the infection site, such as defibrillator pocket, pacemaker lead, annular or peri-annular valve ring abscesses remain clinically challenging. Inconclusive diagnosis can lead to delayed antibiotic therapy, device extraction or surgical intervention, which may have dire consequences to the patient. Among patients with suspected cardiac mechanical device or prosthetic valve infection, recent publications advocate the use of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG PET/CT), particularly when anatomy based imaging studies, such as echocardiography or CT, are uncertain or negative. A potential advantage of FDG PET/CT is in its detection of inflammatory cells early in the infection process, before morphologic damages ensue. However, there are many unanswered questions in the literature. There is a need for standardization amongst the various imaging studies, such as dietary preparation, duration and timing of image acquisition, image processing with and without CT attenuation correction, and more importantly image interpretation criteria. The answer for these issues awaits well designed, prospective studies.
Schwann cells use a novel collagen-dependent mechanism for fibronectin fibril assembly

Cultured rat Schwann cells were stimulated to deposit fibrillar extracellular matrix by treatment with ascorbic acid in the absence of nerve cells. Immunofluoresence staining of the matrix showed that it contains collagens types I and IV, fibronectin and perlecan but not laminin. Collagen type IV, fibronectin and perlecan co-distributed completely in the matrix fibrils, whereas collagen type I was present in only a subset of these fibrils. Time course studies indicated that collagen type I fibrils appear at late stages of matrix formation. Digestion of Schwann cell extracellular matrix with collagenase effectively disrupted most of the matrix including fibronectin fibrils. This was in contrast with fibroblasts, where collagenase treatment removed collagen with no visible effect on fibronectin fibrils. alpha5 integrin was expressed on the cell surface of Schwann cells and partially codistributed with fibronectin-containing fibrils. This suggests that the inability of Schwann cells to deposit fibronectin-containing matrix through a conventional, collagen-independent mechanism was not due to the lack of fibronectin-binding integrins on their cell surface. Polyclonal anti-fibronectin antibodies inhibited the deposition of fibronectin into the matrix fibrils, whereas collagen type IV fibrils were generally unaffected. Growth of Schwann cells on collagen type IV-coated substrate in the absence of ascorbate induced deposition of fine fibronectin fibrils. These results suggest that Schwann cells use an apparently novel, collagen type IV-dependent mechanism for the deposition of fibronectin into their extracellular matrix.
The Preparation and Reactivity of Several Alkylidene Complexes of the Type W(CHR′)(N-2,6-C6H3-iPr2)(OR)2 and Related Tungstacyclobutane Complexes: How the Choice of OR Ligand Controls Structure and Metathesis Activity

Alkylidene complexes of the type W(CHR′)(N-2,6-C6H3-iPr2)(OR)2 [OR = OtBu, OCMe2(CF3), OCMe(CF3)2, OC(CF3)2(CF2CF2CF3), and O–2,6–C6H3-iPr2] are catalysts for the metathesis of acyclic olefins and the ring opening polymerization of cyclic olefins. Metathesis activity depends dramatically on the OR ligand, following the order OCMe(CF3)2 > OCMe2(CF3) ≈ O-2,6-C6H3-iPr2 > OC(CF3)2(CF2CF2CF3) ≫ OtBu. Stoichiometric reactions with olefins lead to the formation of new alkylidene and metallacyclobutane complexes, many of which have been isolated and characterized. Two types of five-coordinate tungstacyclobutane complexes have been identified; one is trigonal bipyramidal, the other square pyramidal. The preferred geometry depends on both the electronic nature of the alkoxide ligand and the nature of the substituents on the metallacycle. In general, highly electron withdrawing alkoxides yield trigonal bipyramidal metallacycles, whereas less electron withdrawing alkoxides yield square pyramidal metallacycles. In some instances the two forms interconvert at a rate which is observable on the NMR time scale; they have distinctly different 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Examples of each type of metallacyclobutane complex have been characterized crystallographically. Addition of methylacrylate or dimethylacrylamide to neopentylidene complexes containing OtBu or OCMe2(CF3) ligands yields metallacyclobutane complexes of the form W[CH(tBu)CH2CH(COX)](N-2,6-C6H3-iPr2)(OR)2 (X = OMe, NMe2) in which the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group is coordinated to tungsten.
Multivariable control of the robot manipulator in the presence of time delay

A controller design method based on a control scheme for trajectory tracking of the robot manipulators is presented in the presence of time delay. The Smith predictor is used to eliminate the delay from the characteristic equation in order to allow the application of the controller design method developed with the assumption that a time delay is not present in the robot dynamics. Thus, the control problem for the manipulator in the presence of a delay is converted to one without a time delay. >
Attention, Institutional Friction, and Policy Change in U.S. Federal Bureaucracies

This manuscript examines the dynamics of policy change in the U.S. federal bureaucracy. Existing theories of policy change, especially punctuated equilibrium, suggest limited attention and institutional friction as key drivers of punctuated policy change. Yet, scholars have not addressed the relative importance of these factors in leading to the punctuated dynamics associated with the theory. Furthermore, these sources of punctuated policymaking have not been examined alongside theories of delegation and centralization common in the study of American politics. This manuscript uses the considerable institutional variation in the bureaucracy to assess the relative influence of limited attention, institutional friction, and delegation on the dynamics of policy change. The empirical foundation for the analysis is a new data set on the regulatory agenda containing 63,289 agenda items from 2008–2016. The findings demonstrate the differential impacts of limited attention, institutional structure, and delegation on the dynamics of policy change. The findings also highlight the central role of institutional design in policy change, institutional information processing, and agenda setting.
From Kampungs to Condos? Contested accumulations through displacement in Jakarta:

Across cities of the global South, major initiatives are underway to assemble land from informal settlements in order to make it available for large-scale infrastructure and commercial real estate ...
Queer Emergencies, 5.26.2017

Hal Foster (2015) asserts that art should address emergencies. While he speaks of visual and performance arts, I extend his claim to poetry. As such, I use my positionality of queer individual as an entrance point to using poetry to address queer emergencies. Starting with Hegel’s (1975) articulation that the lyric form of poetry starts with our own subjectivity and shows a “coming to consciousness” (Culler, 2015, p. 2) through thought and reflection, this poetry addresses a pressing queer emergency of our current political moment (Chechnya), while also extending its reach to/through the intersections with other queer emergencies of today’s climate. Through this inscription of the present, I strive to illuminate the personhood of queer victims, the intersections of current queer emergencies, and the temporal and real proximity of emergency to those of us who might feel safe based on other identity intersections.
Evaluating convective heat transfer coefficients in fused deposition process using infrared imaging and neural networks

During the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, heat is exchanged by convection with the surrounding air and by conduction with the platform. Therefore, modeling the thermal behavior of the FDM process requires accurate convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) and interfacial conduct resistance (ICR) data. The traditional approach to solving this problem is iterative in nature and requires considerable computation time. In this work, an artificial neural network model was designed and trained using a total of 100 sets of data from a finite element model that reproduces the geometry of the manufactured part. A backpropagation neural network was developed, in which thermal profile characteristics of two specific points were used as input variables while the corresponding CHTC and ICR were selected as the output variables. A correlation coefficient of 0.999 was achieved during training. After training the model, the response of the thermally excited surface was monitored and recorded using an infrared camera and characteristics of the experimental condition were used as inputs to evaluate CHTC and ICR. It was estimated that HTC and ICR equal 61.7 and 2894 W/(m2K) in our experimental model, respectively. The developed models could offer significant advantages when heat transfer coefficients need to be estimated repeatedly.
TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH AFFINITY OPIOID BINDING SITES IN THE PEDAL GANGLIA OF THE MARINE MUSSEL Mytilus edulis

SUMMARY The results of the present study indicate that the high affinity opiate binding site found in M. edulis pedal ganglia is located on dopaminergic terminals in the ganglion's neuropil.
Reduction and Uptake of Iron in Plants

Iron, an essential nutrient, is not readily available to plants growing in the soil. Although iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, it is found mainly as stable, insoluble oxyhydroxide polymers that effectively limit free Fe(III) to an equilibrium concentration of 10-17 M at neutral pH, a value far below that required for the optimal growth of plants. In addition to the problem of iron’s solubility, the chemical properties of iron require cells to place limitations on its accumulation. Fe(II) and Fe(III) can act catalytically to generate hydroxyl radicals that are able to damage cellular constituents such as DNA and lipids (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1992). Thus, the uptake of iron is a highly regulated process, as cells balance meeting their demands for this essential element against its potential for wreaking cellular havoc.
The accuracy of rapid treadmill-belt movements as a means to deliver standing postural perturbations.

Abstract Treadmill-induced postural perturbations are a promising tool in assessing and reducing the risk of falls. We evaluated the accuracy with which two treadmills (Simbex ActiveStep® and an AMTI instrumented treadmill) achieved commanded displacements, peak velocities, and average initial accelerations. To do so, we included a range of perturbation magnitudes (20, 30, and 40 cm displacements) applied in unweighted and weighted (body mass = 46–84 kg) conditions. Across treadmills and perturbation magnitudes, absolute errors in displacement (