cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Laparoscopic and Robotic Upper Pole Nephrectomy for Nonfunctioning Moieties

In 1993, Jordan and Winslow described laparoscopic upper pole partial nephrectomy in a 14-year-old girl with bilateral duplicated collecting systems [1]. Since that time, there has been a substantial amount of literature devoted to laparoscopic renal surgery in children. Prior to and including 2009, there have been 28 case series of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy [2–29], 26 case series of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy [2, 11, 28, 30–52], and 3 case series of robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy [53–55]. Regardless of the approach taken, the literature reveals that laparoscopic renal ablative surgery in children is safe and effective [56].
Differentiation of respiratory epithelium: the effects of retinoic acid and carcinogens on the expression of mucociliary vs. squamous phenotype.

Changes in ultrastructural characteristics and mucin gene expression were examined in rat tracheal explants cultured in a synthetic medium ± retinoic acid (RA), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMNU). In the RA(+) cultures, no changes in either ultrastructural features or mucin gene expression were detected after 48h incubation. After 96h incubation, however, the ultrastructural features associated with the squamous phenotype were characteristics of cultures containing the two carcinogens and the mucin gene expression was slightly reduced. Thus, in the presence of retinoic acid, the carcinogen induced changes in cytology to the squamous phenotyps were not matched by a marked loss of mucin gene expression. Explants cultured for 48h without RA and±carcinogens showed none of the cytological changes associated with onset of the squamous phenotype. While mucin mRNA was still detected, it was clearly reduced compared to 48h cultures in RA(+) medium. However, 48h later, all explants exhibited pronounced squamous metaplasia and the mucin message decreased to trace levels. Thus, the results of these experiments with B[a]P and NMNU in RA(+) and RA(−) media indicates that at least the early carcinogen induced changes may be distinct from those associated with the retinoid pathway controlling expression of the mucin component of the mucociliary epithelium.
Interviewing and Gathering Data

This chapter introduces the reader to the process of interviewing and gathering background information and other sources of data. It offers a developmental history questionnaire and a framework for interviewing parents, teachers, children, and other individuals.
Noncanonical Notch Signaling

Discovered nearly a century ago, today, Notch is known to mediate several biological processes through the canonical pathway that involves ligands, RBPJ, proteases, and coactivators. However, recent studies in vertebrates and invertebrates reveal that Notch can also exert its effect independent of RBPJ, in a noncanonical fashion. These studies demonstrate that Notch can exert its noncanonical role not only through nuclear partners but also via nonnuclear or cytosolic interactions. Additionally, there now is increasing evidence that Notch signaling can be initiated in a “noncanonical” fashion, independent of ligands. In this review, we detail the different cytosolic and nuclear, noncanonical interactions of Notch and discuss how they affect signaling processes in various contexts. We also discuss the evidence for ligand-independent, noncanonical initiation of Notch signaling.
Incorporating Monitoring Points in SDN to Ensure Trusted Links Against Misbehaving Traffic Flows

The growing trend toward information technology increases the amount of data travelling over the network links. The problem of detecting anomalies in data streams has increased with the growth of internet connectivity. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new concept of computer networking that can adapt and support these growing trends. However, the centralized nature of the SDN design is challenged by the need for an efficient method for traffic monitoring against traffic anomalies caused by misconfigured devices or ongoing attacks. In this paper, we propose a new model for traffic behavior monitoring that aims to ensure trusted communication links between the network devices. The main objective of this model is to confirm that the behavior of the traffic streams matches the instructions provided by the SDN controller, which can help to increase the trust between the SDN controller and its covered infrastructure components. According to our preliminary implementation, the behavior monitoring unit is able to read all traffic information and perform a validation process that reports any mismatching traffic to the controller.
Discharge disposition to skilled nursing facility after emergent general surgery predicts a poor prognosis.

Abstract Background Emergency general surgery can have a profound impact on the functional status of even previously independent patients. The role and influence of discharging a patient to a skilled nursing facility, however, remains largely unknown. Methods We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for community-dwelling adults who underwent 1 of 7 emergency general surgery procedures and were discharged home or to a skilled nursing facility from 2012 to 2016. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between discharge disposition and outcomes. Results Overall, 140,922 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority were discharged home (95.9%). After applying 1:1 propensity score matching, in comparison to patients discharged home, individuals discharged to a skilled nursing facility had a greater odds of respiratory (odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–3.38) and septic complications (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.36) after discharge. Furthermore, following surgery, individuals discharged to a skilled nursing facility had a greater odds of 30-day readmission (odds ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.29), and death within 30 days of the procedure (odds ratio 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–2.61). Conclusion After accounting for patient severity and perioperative course, discharge to a skilled nursing facility is an independent risk factor for death, readmission, and postdischarge complications.
Towards measures of affective and eudaimonic subjective well-being in the travel domain

Studies of the connections between transportation and subjective well-being (SWB) require a clear understanding of the conceptual composition of travel-related SWB as well as psychometric instruments to measure these complex topics. Well-established psychological scales for measuring general SWB—including both hedonic (affective and cognitive) and eudaimonic aspects—are difficult to adapt or have yet to be tested in the travel domain. Existing measures of travel liking and travel satisfaction are somewhat inadequate for these purposes, especially for representing eudaimonia. Using a questionnaire survey of 680 commuters in the Portland, Oregon, region, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses examined responses to a total of 42 items. Results suggested four-factor measurement models of both travel affect (Enjoyment, Attentiveness, Distress, and Fear) and travel eudaimonia (Health, Competence, Autonomy, and Security). Despite some limitations and opportunities for enhancements, these models show promise as ways of measuring affective and eudaimonic SWB in the travel domain for future studies and travel surveys.
Response, Demand, and Control: Evaluating a Three-Factor Model and Measure of Teachers’ Interactional Styles

AbstractTheory and research in teachers’ interactional styles and authoritative teaching typically posit two factors, including response and a second factor featuring some combination of demand and...
Design and Synthesis of Megamolecule Mimics of a Therapeutic Antibody

This communication describes the design, synthesis, and biological activity of a megamolecule mimic of an anti-HER2 antibody. The antibody mimic was prepared by linking two Fabs from the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, which are fused through the heavy chain variable domain to either cutinase or SnapTag, with a linker terminated in an irreversible inhibitor for each enzyme. This mimic binds HER2 with comparable avidity to trastuzumab, has similar activity in a cell-based assay, and can arrest tumor growth in a mouse xenograft BT474 tumor model. A panel of 16 bivalent anti-HER2 antibodies were prepared wherein each varied in the orientation of the fusion domain on the Fabs. The analogs displayed a range of cytotoxic activity, and surprisingly, the most active mimic binds to cells with a 10-fold lower avidity than the least active variant suggesting that structure plays a large role in their efficacy. This work suggests that the megamolecule approach can be used to prepare antibody mimics having a broad structural diversity.
Bimodal substitution behavior in the reaction of N,N’-diisopropylformamidine with [Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2]: Kinetics and molecular structures of the formamidinate-substituted clusters HOs3(CO)9[μ-C(O)NPriC(H)NPri], HOs3(CO)10[μ-NPriC(H)NPri], and HOs3(CO)9[μ3-NPriC(H)NPri]

Abstract The dinitrogen donor N,N’-diisopropylformamidine [PriN=C(H)NHPri] reacts with the triosmium cluster Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2 at room temperature to yield the isomeric clusters HOs3(CO)9[μ-C(O)NPriC(H)NPri] (1) and HOs3(CO)10[μ-NPriC(H)NPri] (2) in a 1:2.8 ratio. 1 contains an edge-bridging iminocarbamoyl ligand, while 2 contains a bridging formamidinate ligand. Thermolysis of 1 yields 2 plus the face-capped cluster HOs3(CO)9[μ3-NPriC(H)NPri] (3). The decarbonylation of 2 to 3 + CO confirms the molecularity of the observed reaction steps. The three products have been fully characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies, and the solid-state structures for 1-3 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The kinetics for the thermolysis reaction were investigated over the temperature range 342–383 K, and the concentration versus time profiles for the conversion of 1 → 2 → 3 + CO have been successfully modeled using two consecutive, irreversible first-order reactions. The bonding in clusters 1-3 have been examined by DFT, and these data support cluster 1 as the kinetic substitution product and cluster 2 as the thermodynamically favored isomer.
Deficiency of histone lysine methyltransferase SETDB2 in hematopoietic cells promotes vascular inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis

Epigenetic modifications of the genome, including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation and noncoding RNAs, have been reported to play a fundamental role in regulating immune response during the progression of atherosclerosis. SETDB2 is a member of the KMT1 family of lysine methyltransferases and members of this family typically methylate histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9), an epigenetic mark associated with gene silencing and previous studies have shown SETDB2 is involved in innate and adaptive immunity, the pro-inflammatory response and hepatic lipid metabolism. Here we report that the expression of SETDB2 is markedly upregulated in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions. The upregulation of SETDB2 is observed in pro-inflammatory M1, but not anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (MΦ). Notably, we found that genetic deletion of SETDB2 in hematopoietic cells promotes vascular inflammation and enhances the progression of atherosclerosis in bone marrow transfer studies in LDLR knockout mice. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis in isolated CD45+ cells from atherosclerotic plaques from mice with SETDB2 deficient bone marrow revealed a significant increase in inflammatory macrophage population and enhanced expression of genes involved in inflammation, myeloid cell recruitment and lipid metabolism. Additionally, we found that loss of SETDB2 in hematopoietic cells is associated with macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, macrophage proliferation and attenuated efferocytosis. Overall, these studies identify SETDB2 as an important inflammatory cell regulator that controls macrophage activation in atherosclerotic plaques.
Relationship between Lifting Capacity and Injury in Occupations Requiring Lifting

There are several factors which affect the lifting capacity. These factors can be categorized under the following:1.individual characteristics,2.task variables, and3.environmental conditions.This paper presents the methods used to determine the lifting capacity for male and female industrial workers, as well as the models developed to predict this capacity under several conditions of the task variables (height level, frequency, and box size). Since overloading and underloading in manual materials handling is undesirable, field data were collected to investigate the effects of job demands on manual materials handling injuries.As opposed to the physiological approach, no difference was found in the lifting capacity due to age. While both weight and work rate are important, work rate was a more effective and logical single measure of back injuries or stress than weight.
A flight emergency.

“Would any doctors on board please make themselves known to the cabin staff?” That question is enough to strike terror in any physician's heart.
Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue on indicators of thermal status and growth in Hereford and Senepol steers

Poor growth often occurs in cattle consuming ergot alkaloids associated with endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue. Hyperthermia may contribute significantly to poor growth resulting from fescue toxicosis. This study examined indicators of thermal status and growth in Hereford (n = 30; heat-sensitive Bos taurus; H) and Senepol (n = 28; heat-tolerant Bos taurus; S) steers fed EI tall fescue (TF) or orchardgrass (OG) in 2 x 2 factorial experiments. Respiration rates, daytime shade use, tail skin temperatures, and body weights were measured during the summer and fall of 2000 (Exp. 1) and 2001 (Exp. 2). Experimental diets consisted of hay and seed for 12 wk in 2000, hay for 6 wk during the summer of 2001, and hay plus seed for 6 wk during the fall of 2001. In Exp. 1, EI tall fescue increased (P 0.14) these indicator traits in either breed. Breed x diet affected (P < 0.01) summer growth rates. Growth rate was lower for H-TF (88 g/d) than for H-OG, S-TF, and S-OG (508, 555, and 566 g/d, respectively). Adding seed to the diets in Exp. 2 decreased (P < 0.01) ADG for both breeds on TF during the fall. Thermal status indicator traits in Senepol and Hereford steers were similarly altered by TF; however, only Hereford showed consistently poor growth. Senepol showed resilience in their capacity for growth under conditions of fescue toxicosis. Senepol influence may enhance cattle performance in production systems that use EI tall fescue as the base forage.
Zone Electrophoresis of Enzymes in Bacterial Taxonomy

The electrophoretic mobilities in starch gels have been determined for eight enzymes in extracts of representative cultures of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. These values were compared with each other and with those obtained from certain bacteria not in this family. The migrations of the eight enzymes were virtually identical for each of eight strains of Escherichia coli and for two species of Shigella. A number of these enzymes appeared to be identical in other organisms believed to be closely related to E. coli (Salmonella), and the number of differences increased in organisms which appeared to have lesser degrees of relatedness by other criteria (deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions, overall similarity).
THE PLANNING CONTRADICTION IN SOCIAL AGENCIES

Much attention has been devoted to development of Alternative planning models, but there has been virtually no empirical examination of the amount and kind of planning actually utilized in organizations in the human services delivery system. In a survey of 167executiues of social agencies in Los Angeles County, it was discovered that there is at best uneven use of planning-and planning often appears to be dominated by executives and to make little use of data and committees. Follow-up studies should explore relationships between agency characteristics and agency planning as well as between the amount and kind of planning and the quality of services provided to consumers.
Dynamic Inter-Particle Force Inference in Granular Materials: Method and Application

Inter-particle force transmission in granular media plays an important role in the macroscopic static and dynamic behavior of these materials. This paper presents a method for inferring inter-particle forces in opaque granular materials during dynamic experiments. By linking experimental measurements of particle kinematics and volume-averaged strains to forces, the method provides a new tool for quantitatively studying force transmission and its relation to macroscopic behavior. We provide an experimental validation of the method, comparing inter-particle forces measured in a simple impact test on two-dimensional rubber grains to a finite-element simulation. We also provide an application of the method, using it to study inter-particle forces during impact of an intruder on a granular bed. We discuss the current challenges for applying the method to both model materials and real geologic materials.
StrengthsFinder Signature Themes of Talent in Doctor of Pharmacy Students in Five Midwestern Pharmacy Schools.

Objective. To describe student pharmacists’ Signature Themes from the Clifton StrengthsFinder across 5 Midwestern pharmacy institutions and to compare themes by gender, institution, and undergraduate population. Methods. Student pharmacists completed the StrengthsFinder 2.0 assessment and received their top 5 Signature Themes. Themes were organized and examined by domains (Executing, Influencing, Relationship Building, Strategic Thinking). The distribution of the themes was compared between student pharmacists and undergraduates and themes and domains were compared by institution and gender. Results. Although results varied by institution, the top 5 themes among the 1244 of 1250 students (99.5%) who completed the assessment were: Achiever, Harmony, Learner, Responsibility, and Empathy. Female student pharmacists had more themes in Executing and Relationship Building, while males had more themes in Influencing and Strategic Thinking. Pharmacy students exhibit more Executing domain talents and fewer Influencing domain talents compared with undergraduates. Conclusion. Signature Themes were consistent among student pharmacists across 5 Midwestern colleges of pharmacy.
Contribution of supraspinal μ- and δ-opioid receptors to antinociception in the rat

Abstract This study evaluated the contribution of supraspinal opioid receptors to the production of antinociception, in the rat. I.c.v. administration of a selective μ-(DAMGO) and a selective δ-(DPDPE), but not a selective κ- (U50,488H) opioid receptor agonist, produced significant dose-dependent increases in mechanical nociceptive thresholds. ICI 174,864, a δ-opioid receptor antagonist, completely blocked the antinociceptive effects produced by DPDPE ([D-Pen 2 ,D-Pen 5 ]enkephalin) at a dose that had no effect on the increases in nociceptive thresholds produced by DAMGO ([D-Ala 2 ,N-MePhe 4 ,Gly 5 -ol]enkephalin). The simultaneous i.c.v. administration of a low-antinociceptive dose of DAMGO or DPDPE given in combination with sequentially increasing doses of the other cpioid agonist, produced synergy (i.e., a more than additive antinociceptive effect), at the lower doses tested. The results of these experiments provide evidence to support the suggestion that both supraspinal μ- and δ-opioid receptors contribute to the production of antinociception, in the rat.
Nitrous oxide sedation/analgesia in emergency medicine.

Summary Nitrous oxide:oxygen mixture are safe and effective sedative/analgesic agents for use in emergency medicine. They are suitable for prehospital care because of their safety' rapid onset, and short duration of action. The self-administered form of a 50:50 mixture is the most acceptable system, but other methods of administration should be investigated, particularly in the ED setting. While there are unresolved questions concerning the use of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic and analgesic agent, it is defficult to extrapolate many of the findings to the low-dose, patient-controlled 50:50 mixture used in emergency medicine. Use of the gas mixture in a variety of clinical settings has been associated with no major adverse occurrences, and experience continues to support its safety. Future possibilities for study include the use of the gas mixture in combination with other agents 84 or TENS. 78 No one drug can be considered a panacea for all painful states. Nitrous oxide:oxygen mixtures certainly do not meet all the criteria for the ideal analgesic. Those clinicians who seek a safe and effective sedative/analgesic for mild to moderate pain will be satisfied that we can now offer more to our patients in the early management of their problems.
Effects of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on Supercapacitor Performance.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the interface between graphene and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIM OTf) were carried out to gain molecular-level insights into the performance of graphene-based supercapacitors and, in particular, determine the effects of the presence of oxygen-containing defects at the graphene surface on their integral capacitance. The MD simulations predict that increasing the surface coverage of hydroxyl groups negatively affects the integral capacitance, whereas the effect of the presence of epoxy groups is much less significant. The calculated variations in capacitance are found to be directly correlated to the interfacial structure. Indeed, hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups and SO3 moieties prevents BMIM+ and OTf– ions from interacting favorably in the interfacial layer and restrains the orientation and mobility of OTf– ions, thereby reducing the interfacial permittivity of the ionic liquid. The results of the simulations can...
Optimization of HPS 70W Applications

In February 1996, the Tennessee Department of Transportation, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, the American Iron and Steel Institute, the U.S. Navy, and various steel plate manufacturers, agreed to design the first bridge in the United States to use HPS 485W (70W) steel. Since that time, the department has constructed a second bridge using HPS 485W (70W) and has let to contract a third bridge that uses HPS 485W (70W) in both quenched and tempered and thermomechanical controlled processing HPS 485W (70W) steel. These three projects were intended to help develop design and fabrication experience with the new HPS 70W steel. This paper will discuss lessons learned in the process and present optimization techniques employed. Some of the optimizations are directly associated with HPS 485W (70W) steel while others deal with economics brought about by employing money-saving details and properly interpreting the intent of the design specifications.
Fusion blankets-a comparative study

The Argonne National Laboratory conducted a study to develop a technically based rationale where an RandD program can be conducted. First, the development of a viable blanket for fusion is in itself a major feasibility issue, not just an engineering task. The approach of this study was to develop a number of designs in sufficient detail so that a comparison could be made between them. The most feasible blanket is lithium oxide cooled by helium and ferritic steel without a multiplier.
Myocardial contrast echocardiography.

Summary MCE has evolved from a laboratory tool to a clinical procedure. It would be wrong to consider it merely another tool for imaging of myocardial perfusion. As discussed, it allows physicians to bring physiology and pathophysiology to the bedside, providing a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of abnormal findings in individual patients. MCE can provide quantitative measurements that can be repeated as often as necessary in a patient. Because of its complexity, large clinical studies are necessary to define the role of MCE in the general clinical milieu. Advances in MCE continue at a very rapid pace, and its potential for the study of endothelial function, site-specific targeting, and local delivery of drugs appears promising. Its role will continue to evolve into the early part of the next century. What we learn of the myocardium can be easily applied to other organ systems accessible to ultrasound. The future of MCE appears very exciting.
Sources and fractionation processes influencing the isotopic distribution of H, O and C in the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.

Abstract The isotopic ratios of H, O and C in water within the Long Valley caldera, California reflect input from sources external to the hydrothermal reservoir. A decrease in δD in precipitation of 0.5‰ km −1 , from west to east across Long Valley, is caused by the introduction of less fractionated marine moisture through a low elevation embayment in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. Relative to seasonal fluctuations in precipitation (−158 to −35‰.), δD ranges in hot and cold surface and groundwaters are much less variable (−135 to −105‰.). Only winter and spring moisture, reflecting higher precipitation rates with lighter isotopic signatures, recharge the hydrological system. The hydrothermal fluids are mixtures of isotopically heavy recharge (δD = − 115‰, δ 18 O = − 15‰) derived from the Mammoth embayment, and isotopically lighter cold water (δD = −135‰, δ 18 O = −18‰). This cold water is not representative of current local recharge. The δ 13 C values for dissolved carbon in hot water are significantly heavier (− 7 to − 3‰) than in cold water (−18 to −10‰) denoting a separate hydrothermal origin. These δ 13 C values overlie the range generally attributed to magmatic degassing of CO 2 . However, δ 13 C values of metamorphosed Paleozoic basement carbonates surrounding Long Valley fall in a similar range, indicating that hydrothermal decarbonization reactions are a probable source of CO 2 . The δ 13 C and δ 18 O values of secondary travertime and vein calcite indicate respective fractionation with CO 2 and H 2 O at temperatures approximating current hydrothermal conditions.
Electron Screening and Kinetic-Energy Oscillations in a Strongly Coupled Plasma

We study equilibration of strongly coupled ions in an ultracold neutral plasma produced by photoionizing laser-cooled and trapped atoms. By varying the electron temperature, we show that electron screening modifies the equilibrium ion temperature. Even with few electrons in a Debye sphere, the screening is well described by a model using a Yukawa ion-ion potential. We also observe damped oscillations of the ion kinetic energy that are a unique feature of equilibration of a strongly coupled plasma.
Localization of peripheral cholecystokinin receptors in vivo using the cholecystokinin antagonist [3H](+/-)-MK-329.

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) regulates various gastrointestinal functions through specific receptors. The mechanisms responsible for disorders of these functions could be elucidated by non-invasively localizing CCK receptors and quantifying their number in vivo. MK-329 is a highly selective and very high affinity antagonist at the peripheral CCK receptor. We investigated the in vivo binding of [ 3 H ](±)- MK -329 in mice to determine if binding to CCK receptors could be detected after systemic administration of the tracer. The uptake of [ 3 H ](±)- MK -329 increased in the pancreas from 5 min to 4 h after administration. The binding was saturable, stereospecific, and more than 80% specific. A total/non-specific binding ratio of 43 was reached at 8 h post-injection. The pancreas was the only organ where specific binding could be detected. Our results suggest that MK-329 labeled with a positron emitter such as C-11 could be used with positron emission tomography to image and quantify peripheral CCK receptors in man.
A review of the erroneously labeled “mummification” techniques of pulp therapy

Abstract The use of formocresol is advocated for the treatment of vital cariously exposed pulps of deciduous teeth. Its clinical use and critical evaluation have shown it to be a valuable treatment consideration. Definite tissue reactions do occur, but these appear to be amenable to repair. Well-controlled, critical research has indicated vital tissue in the apex of the pulp canals after treatment. There is a great need for further research on formaldehyde-containing drugs whose use still has an empiric basis. Variation in formulation and concentration may provide a more successful technique. There is great confusion in the literature concerning what is a formocresol technique, and we must look to controlled studies for our conclusions.
Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Rat Induced by Blood Volume Depletion

In ether–anesthetized, ovariectomized 200–250–g rats treated for 3 days with estrogen, progesterone and thyroxine (OEPT rat), significant elevations in radioimmunoassayable LH occurred after 5 ml of blood were removed in divided amounts over a 30–min period. Significant elevations of LH also occurred 5 min after 4 ml of blood were removed acutely from OEPT rats and from normal diestrus female rats but not after identical blood loss from untreated ovariectomized rats whose LH levels were already high. Volume replacement with bovine serum albumin significantly reduced the effects of hemorrhage on LH levels. Altered peripheral metabolism of LH or peripheral release and recirculation of previously secreted LH could not account for these LH increases because the disappearance of injected 125Ilabeled rat LH from the plasma of OEPT rats was not altered by blood volume depletion. Pituitary sensitivity to LH—RF, as measured by plasma LH increment after injection of porcine hypothalamic extract, did not increase in...
Wavelet analysis of dynamic effects of atmospheric turbulence on IR digital imagery

A wavelet transform method for analyzing the dynamic effects of atmospheric turbulence on infrared digital imagery is presented. Typical results are illustrated by applying the method to simulated turbulence induced distortions and to data from field experiments. Comparisons of this method to the more traditional short-time Fourier transform and long exposure (non-dynamic) atmospheric modulation transfer function (AMTF) methods are made to show the utility of the technique.
Sahmat, 1989 – 2004: Liberal Art Practice against the Liberalized Public Sphere

The article looks at the career trajectory of an anti-sectarian, nationwide, artists’ platform in India, the Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust (Sahmat), since its inception in 1989. Sahmat's foundation parallels significant changes in India polity: the neo-liberalization of state economic and cultural policy, the rise of the Hindu right, the emergence of a new consumerist class, and significant political fragmentation. The article traces different schisms in Sahmat's history, both internal and external, superimposed onto these larger, structural changes within society. In doing so, it examines the particular convergence of aesthetic and political strategies employed by this unique organization.
Hepatitis resulting from liver-specific expression and recognition of self-antigen.

Abstract Liver-specific immune reactivity in response to aberrant expression of antigen on the surface of hepatocytes is thought to be a major factor in development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Persistent inflammation develops when these antigens are not eliminated and/or responses are not appropriately regulated. We have developed transgenic mice (OVA-HEP), which express chicken ovalbumin on the surface of hepatocytes. These mice are tolerant to ovalbumin, develop normally and have shown no evidence of liver or other disease up to 2 years of age. Adoptive transfer of naive ovalbumin-specific T cells into OVA-HEP transgenic mice led to liver-specific inflammation in a dose dependent manner. This hepatic necroinflammation was dependent upon CD8+ Vα2 OVA-specific T cells, was limited to the liver, and was augmented by OVA-specific CD4+ T cell help; but did not result from adoptive transfer of ovalbumin-specific CD4 T cells alone. The response was self-limited but persistent inflammation developed after repeated transfer of antigen-specific T cells. This model of T cell recognition of antigen on hepatocytes may be used to understand many liver-specific aspects of the immune response in autoimmune hepatitis.
Functional anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) via its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions influences the function of nearly all organ systems. Via autonomic reflexes, the ANS is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment. This is achieved by a rather complex integration of autonomic sensory information, somatic sensory information, and descending influences from higher central nervous system centers.
Electrical characterization of rf plasmas

Radio-frequency (rf) electrical sources are commonly used to generate plasmas for processing of industrial materials and for related experimental work. Published descriptions of such plasmas usually include generator-power measurements, and occasionally include plasma dc-bias measurements. One or both of these quantities are also used in industrial feedback control systems for setpoint regulation. Recent work at Sandia and elsewhere with an experimental rf discharge device (the "GEC RF Reference Cell") has shown that power and dc-bias levels are often insufficient information for specifying the state of the plasma. The plasma can have nonlinear electrical characteristics that cause harmonic generation, and the harmonic levels can depend sensitively on the impedance of the external circuitry at harmonic frequencies. Even though the harmonics may be low in amplitude, they can be directly related to large changes in plasma power and to changes in optical emission from the plasma. Consequently, in order for a worker to truly master the plasma-generation process, it is necessary to understand, measure, and control electrical characteristics of the plasma. In this paper we describe techniques that have been developed from work with the Reference Cell for making electrical measurements on rf plasmas, and we describe surprising observations of harmonic behavior.
Attempts to predict success on an insight problem.

18 predictor variables were related to a pass-fail criterion of success on Maiet's Hatrack Problem (Maier, 1945), a problem requiring insight. The correlations of all 18 predictors with the criteri...
Use of α-N,N-bis[Carboxymethyl]lysine-Modified Peroxidase in Immunoassays

Abstract Horseradish peroxidase was activated by periodate oxidation of the carbohydrate moiety and then modified by the covalent attachment of α-N,N-bis[carboxyethyl]lysine (CM-Lys) by reductive alkylation using sodium cyanoborohydride. The resultant CM-Lys peroxidase was charged with nickel ions and then used as a specific labeling reagent for histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. This labeling method was effective for proteins that are soluble or insoluble in the absence of chaotropic agents. The labeled proteins were very effective in direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against the protein in sera as demonstrated by assays for antibodies to such diverse viral proteins as hepatitis B surface and core proteins, hepatitis C core and helicase protein (NS3), and retroviral core proteins.
Radiological management of an inoperable cholangiocarcinoma arising from a choledochal cyst.

The first case of a choledochal cyst was reported in 1818 and the first case of malignancy associated with choledochal cyst was reported by Irwin and Morrison in 1944 [1]. Since then, more than 100 cases of cholangiocarcinoma associated with cystic disease of the biliary system have been reported. The treatment of choledochal cyst is surgical and usually entails excision of the cyst with Roux-en-Y reconstruction of the biliary system. When surgery fails, palliative reconstruction of the biliary system can be achieved by biliary stenting. We report a patient found to have a large carcinoma arising from a choledochal cyst and invading the common bile duct, common hepatic duct, the right and left hepatic ducts and the right lobe of the liver, in whom metallic stenting from the right and left hepatic duct to the duodenum was performed.
Helpful and Harmful Expectations of Premarital Interventions

Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of premarital programs, estimates indicate that only 30% of couples use these services. This study examined the helpful and harmful aspects of premarital programs that may encourage or discourage participation. As expected, participants identified improved communication and problem solving skills as most beneficial. Disclosing secrets or past relationship issues that threaten the stability of the relationship was viewed as most harmful. Implications for the recruitment of couples and for the design and implementation of premarital programs are discussed.
Competition-based supervised learning algorithm for nonlinear discriminant functions

A basic competition-based model is the now-classic perceptron net using linear discriminant functions. The competition-based learning is extended to the general cases of nonlinear discriminant functions. Generalized perceptron learning rules for the binary-classification and multiple-classification cases are proposed. The convergency properties of the general perceptrons are established. Simulation results on texture classification applications are provided. >
Bulk Parameterization of the Snow Field in a Cloud Model

Abstract A two-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model has been used to simulate a moderate intensity thunderstorm for the High Plains region. Six forms of water substance (water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow and hail, i.e., graupel) are simulated. The model utilizes the “bulk water” microphysical parameterization technique to represent the precipitation fields which are all assumed to follow exponential size distribution functions. Autoconversion concepts are used to parameterize the collision-coalescence and collision-aggregation processes. Accretion processes involving the various forms of liquid and solid hydrometeors are simulated in this model. The transformation of cloud ice to snow through autoconversion (aggregation) and Bergeron process and subsequent accretional growth or aggregation to form hail are simulated. Hail is also produced by various contact mechanisms and via probabilistic freezing of raindrops. Evaporation (sublimation) is considered for all precipitation particles outsi...
The center of flexure of an equilateral triangle and a semi-circular cross-section

Abstract This paper reviews critically the definitions of the flexural center and demonstrates the results obtained on two particular cross-sections.
A Method of Augmenting Coronary Perfusion during Internal Cardiac Massage

A method of open cardiac massage employing alternate manual compression of the heart and the ascending aorta is described. Coronary sinus blood flows were measured and compared during ventricular fibrillation in ten dogs while circulation was maintained either by cardiac massage and aortic countercompression or by conventional massage alone. The results of 90 sets of comparisons show that coronary sinus blood flow was significantly greater during massage and aortic countercompression than during massage alone. This method offers an easily applied means of selective diastolic augmentation to increase coronary flow during internal cardiac massage.
Hepatitis C in the HIV-infected patient

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in the presence of HIV raises several challenging issues for the treating clinician. Some evidence indicates that concomitant HIV infection alters HCV virology in ways that are relevant for treatment. Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin is the recommended therapy for HCV in HIV-infected patients. Proportionately fewer HIV/HCV-coinfected patients achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR) compared with those infected with HCV alone. Possible reasons for this include higher levels of HCV viremia and inadequate ribavirin exposure. Strategies under study for optimizing therapeutic response include weight-based ribavirin dosing, use of growth factors to avoid dose reduction, and longer duration of therapy. Aggressive management of adverse effects to avoid dose reduction or treatment discontinuation is also crucial. An integrated multidisciplinary team, including a psychiatrist and addictions specialist, can increase the proportion of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients eligible for treatment. Investigational options exist for patients who relapse after treatment is discontinued and for those with a partial virologic response. Promising therapies that are under development include protease and polymerase inhibitors.
Experimental and Computational Studies of Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Addition of Arene C-H Bonds to Olefins

This article discusses experimental and computational studies of Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed addition of arene C-H bonds to olefins.
Finite element approximations of solutions to p-harmonic equation with dirichlet data

Finite element solutions of Dirichlet problems governed by p-harmonic equation are studied and presented including that of the minimizer of the conformal capacity of a ring with a slit in the middle.
Enhanced production of extracellular ice nucleators from Erwinia herbicola.

The effects of growth conditions and chemical or physical treatments on the production of extracellular ice nucleators (ECINs) by Erwinia herbicola cells were investigated. The spontaneous release of ECINs, active at temperatures higher than −4°C, into the environment depended on culture conditions, with optimal production when cells were grown in yeast extract to an early stationary phase at temperatures below 22°C. ECINs were vesicular, released from cell surfaces with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 μm as determined by ultrafiltration and transmission electron microscopy. Protein profiles of ECIN fractions during bacterial growth were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and Ina proteins were detected by Western blotting. ECIN production was enhanced 5-fold when cells were treated with EDTA and 20- to 30-fold when subjected to sonication. These conditions provide a means for large-scale preparations of ECINs by E. herbicola.
Performance evaluation of Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication

The conventional matrix multiplication algorithms that are suitable for dense matrices do not perform well on the corresponding Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SMMM) operation. In particular, they do not utilize the sparsity of the matrix. This paper describes a new technique for performing the SMMM operation using a novel storage format for sparse matrices. To demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, the SMMM operation is implemented on an FPGA and various parameters that affect the performance of the design are explored.
Integration of optoelectronic array devices for cell transport and sorting

Current biochip technologies typically rely on electrostatic or mechanical forces for the transport and sorting of biological samples such as single cells. In this paper we have investigated how optical pressure forces can be effectively used for the manipulation of cells and switching in a microfluidic system. By projecting the optical beams externally non-contact between the control devices and the sample chip is possible thus allowing the sample chips to be disposable which reduces the chance of cross-contamination. In one implementation we have shown that vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array devices used as parallel optical tweezer arrays can increase the parallelism of sample manipulation on a chip. We have demonstrated the use of a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian mode VCSEL for optical tweezing of polystyrene microspheres and live cells. We have also shown that optical pressure forces from higher- power sources can be used for the switching of particles within microfluidic channels. Both the attractive gradient force and the scattering force of a focused optical beam have been used to direct small particles flowing through junctions molded in PDMS. We believe that by integrating optical array devices for simultaneous detection and manipulation, highly parallel and low-cost analysis and sorting devices may be achieved.
Multiresolution painting and compositing

We describe a representation for multiresolution images—images that have different resolutions in different places—and methods for creating such images using painting and compositing operations. These methods are very easy to implement, and they are efficient in both memory and speed. Only the detail present at a particular resolution is stored, and the most common painting operations, “over” and “erase”, require time proportional only to the number of pixels displayed. We also show how fractional-level zooming can be implemented in order to allow a user to display and edit portions of a multiresolution image at any arbitrary size.
The Impact of Antitakeover Amendments on Corporate Financial Performance

Previous event studies that examine the impact of antitakeover amendments on firm value provide mixed results. Some studies support the management entrenchment hypothesis, while others support the shareholder interest hypothesis. In this study, a longitudinal approach is used to examine the impact of antitakeover amendments on several financial attributes of the firm including: operating and net income to total assets, operating and overhead expenses to sales, research and development to total sales, capital expenditures to sales, and debt relative to total assets. It is concluded that antitakeover amendments are not deleterious in terms of their impact on various fundamental firm performance measures.
Crack Extension Effects on Welding Residual Stress in Fitness for Service Assessment

In the fitness for service assessment of a welded component with crack like defect, the current industry practices treat the welding residual stress in the same way as the applied operating stress in calculating the crack driving force. Although a growing crack should release the welding residual stress, the same initial residual stress is used in calculating the stress intensity factor solution regardless of the crack depth. Such procedures should result in too conservative solutions, since the crack extension effect on welding residual stress release is ignored in the crack driving force calculation. The present paper discusses the current state of the industry code and standard procedures for welded component defect assessment with a practical example problem solution, along with detailed discussions on the effects of crack growth on the welding residual stress. The objective of the paper is to motivate the industry to improve the code and standard procedures for the weld defect assessment. Also it presents a comparison of crack-like defect assessment results between the current industry procedure and one of newly proposed crack driving force calculation procedures for a crack growing in welding residual stress field, considering the welding residual stress release effects of growing crack. Recommendations for improving the industry code and standard procedures for the weld area defect assessment are provided based the investigation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME