cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of tumor cell lysate-loaded dendritic cells preprogrammed for IL-12 production and augmented T cell response.

Dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor associated antigens (TAA) are often used for the vaccination of cancer patients; however methodologies for the vaccine preparation have not yet been standardized. The purpose of this work was to optimize the ex-vivo production of functional TAA-loaded DC that would produce interleukin-2 (IL-12) and enhance the T cell response. We generated ex-vivo DC from human monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4, and whole necrotic tumor cells (cell lysates) of cancer cell lines were used as model TAA. DC were loaded with lysates without or with additional tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or cytokine combination treatments and tested for functional ability in vitro. Tumor cell lysates alone did not fully mature DC either phenotypically or functionally. After antigen uptake additional maturation signals were necessary. TNF-alpha matured DC phenotypically, but additional interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment was necessary to achieve functional maturation, the production of significant amounts of IL-12. Since IL-12 production by DC increased during the first 24 h of maturation and declined by 48 h, proper timing of the ex-vivo DC treatment was crucial for the generation of functionally mature antigen-loaded DC. Our results suggest that after allowing 4 h of tumor lysate uptake by immature DC, further treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma for 24 h provides the optimal conditions to obtain functional TAA-loaded DC. These TAA-loaded cytokine pretreated DC then prime naive T cells, and enhance both T helper 1 (Th1), Th2 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, that are necessary to achieve an effective, specific anti-tumor response.
An Experimental Investigation of the Flow Over the Rear End of a Notchback Automobile Configuration

An experimental investigation of the flow over the rear end of a 0.16 scale notchback automobile configuration has been conducted in the NASA Langley Basic Aerodynamics Research Tunnel (BART). The objective of this work was to investigate the flow separation that occurs behind the backlight and obtain experimental data that can be used to understand the physics and time-averaged structure of the flow field. A three-component laser velocimeter was used to make non-intrusive, velocity measurements in the center plane and in a single cross-flow plane over the decklid. In addition to off-body measurements, flow conditions on the car surface were documented via surface flow visualization, boundary layer measurements, and surface pressures. The experimental data show several features previously identified by other researchers, but also reveal differences between the flow field associated with this particular configuration and the generally accepted models for the flow over a notchback rear end.
Organizational culture and compensation systems: An examination of job applicants' attraction to organizations

Purpose – Compensation influences applicants' perceptions of a position's attractiveness, but there has been limited analysis of how different compensation systems might reflect organizational cultures and influence organizational attractiveness. This article seeks to explore these issues.Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was conducted in which 288 undergraduates reacted to scenarios describing a company that distributed salaries and benefits based on either merit or on seniority. Individual differences were also measured and analyzed. Analysis of variance and moderated regression were used to test the hypotheses.Findings – Relative to seniority‐based compensation systems, the cultures of organizations relying on merit were perceived to be more aggressive, reward‐oriented, and less decisive. Unexpectedly, the psychological contracts of organizations using merit systems were generally perceived to be more relational and less transactional than those using seniority‐based systems. Individual diffe...
Conditional Entropy Profiles

When a landscape is represented by multiple landcover types, the challenge is to define a measurement of landscape fragmentation that can be applied to any defined geographic area. Such a measurement would ideally allow quantitative determination for when a landscape pattern has changed significantly, either within the same geographic extent over time, or among different locations within a similar ecoregion. Of interest is ecosystem identification, such as may be delineated by watershed boundaries close to a critical point of into a different, possibly degraded, ecosystem where the landscape matrix has become developed land. Such a measurement of landscape fragmentation can then be a primary component of an ecosystem risk assessment. Keywords: ecosystem; risk assessment; landscape matrix; landscape pattern; watershed; conditional entropy; conditional entropy profile; ecosystem risk assessment; hierarchical classified map simulation; hierarchical Markov transition matrix; landscape fragmentation; landscape pattern analysis
Approximation of solutions to differential equations with random inputs by diffusion processes

Let yɛ(·) denote a random process whose bandwidth, loosely speaking, goes to ∞ as ɛ → 0. Consider the family of differential equations xɛ=g(xɛ,yɛ)+f(xɛ,yɛ)/α(ɛ), where α(ɛ) → 0 as ɛ → 0. The question of interest is: does the sequence {xɛ(·)} converge in some sense and if so which, if any, ordinary or Ito differential equation does it satisfy? Normally, the limit is taken in the sense of weak convergence. The problem is of great practical importance, for such questions arise in many practical situations arising in many fields. Often the limiting equation is nice and can be treated much more easily than can the xɛ(·). In any case, in practice approximations to properties of the xɛ(·) are usually sought in terms of ɛ and some limit. To illustrate these points, as well as a related stability problem, we give a practical example which arises in the theory of adaptive arrays of antennas.
Distribution of Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Cistrons Among Yeast Chromosomes

High-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Saccharomyces carls bergensis has been fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The main DNA fraction has an average molecular weight of about 500 × 106. A major fraction of the DNA molecules containing sequences homologous to ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) sediments as material of this molecular weight. The remainder sediments as material of a molecular weight of about 250 × 106. The latter fraction contains relatively more ribosomal RNA cistrons than the former. Studies on the buoyant density of high-molecular-weight DNA homologous to ribosomal RNA have led to the conclusion that the ribosomal RNA cistrons occur in groups attached to a relatively large amount of nonribosomal RNA and suggest that ribosomal RNA cistrons are distributed over a number of yeast chromosomes.
Planetary Periodicities and Terrestrial Climate Stress

Extraterrestrial climatic stress is applied to the planet Earth by four deterministic processes: 1. Planetary orbital motions, dominated by Jupiter and Saturn, that transmit momentum by gravitational torques, causing changes in velocity and spin rate to successive planets and to the Sun itself. On Earth, spit rate change appear to trigger seismicity and volcanicity (and therefore dust veils). 2. The Sun accordingly develops its own mini-orbit around the systemic barycenter,with abrupt changes in its acceleration and turning angle that are expressed in the Hand 22 yr solar cycle of sunspots, electromagnetic radiation and particulate emissions that reach the Earth and beyond as the “Solar Wind.” 3. The Earth’s geomagnetic field is modulated by the solar wind, which triggers geochemical reactions within the gases of the upper atmosphere. In turn the latter control the stratospheric greenhouse effect, high-altitude clouds and other factors that influence the general circulation. Insolation is further modulated by long-term (10,000 to 100,000 yr) components of orbital motion, eccentricity, tilt and precession, commensurable with category 1 periodicities. The geologic spacing of the great ice ages probably reflects the Galactic Cycle. 4. Lunar tidal cycles, identified in many terrestrial climate series, develop standing waves in the atmosphere and help to trigger major seismic and volcanic events with contribution to the dust veil. The 18.6 yr nodal periodicity also corresponds to a’nutation of the precession parameter and is commensurable in turn with the basic cycles of category 1.
An Alpine Ski Binding with Electrically Modulated Twist Release

This article describes the design of a new binding for Alpine skiing wherein the release level of the toepiece in twist is modulated based on the level of neural stimulation of one of the vastii muscles in the quadriceps group. A conventional binding toepiece that relies on the force of a compressed spring to resist the release of the boot was modified. To modulate the release level to either a high or a low state, a special solenoid activated mechanism that alters the binding spring constant was designed. The design details of this special mechanism are described and the computations necessary to ensure reliable activation with a low force solenoid are summarized. Also described is the special circuitry that was designed to actuate the solenoid. To demonstrate the workability of both the mechanism and the circuitry, a prototype binding system was constructed and tested. The results of this testing are described as well.
Two-coloring inequalities for Euclidean arrangements in general position

G.J. Simmons proved in 1972 that if the regions formed by a Euclidean arrangement of lines in general position are two-colored, with r red regions and g green regions, then r=<2g-2 so that rg<2. We use a variant of Simmons' argument to find some analogous estimates in higher dimensional Euclidean space.
Inactivation kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes by high-pressure processing: pressure and temperature variation.

: The enhanced quasi-chemical kinetics (EQCK) model is presented as a methodology to evaluate the nonlinear inactivation kinetics of baro-resistant Listeria monocytogenes in a surrogate protein food system by high-pressure processing (HPP) for various combinations of pressure (P= 207 to 414 MPa) and temperature (T= 20 to 50 °C). The EQCK model is based on ordinary differential equations derived from 6 “quasi-chemical reaction” steps. The EQCK model continuously fits the conventional stages of the microbial lifecycle: lag, growth, stationary phase, and death; and tailing. Depending on the conditions, the inactivation kinetics of L. monocytogenes by HPP show a lag, inactivation, and tailing. Accordingly, we developed a customized, 4-step subset version of the EQCK model sufficient to evaluate the HPP inactivation kinetics of L. monocytogenes and obtain values for the model parameters of lag (λ), inactivation rate (μ), rate constants (k), and “processing time” (tp). This latter parameter was developed uniquely to evaluate kinetics data showing tailing. Secondary models are developed by interrelating the fitting parameters with experimental parameters, and Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate parameter reproducibility. This 4-step model is also compared with the empirical Weibull and Polylog models. The success of the EQCK model (as its 4-step subset) for the HPP inactivation kinetics of baro-resistant L. monocytogenes showing tailing establishes several advantages of the EQCK modeling approach for investigating nonlinear microbial inactivation kinetics, and it has implications for determining mechanisms of bacterial spore inactivation by HPP. Practical Application: Results of this study will be useful to the many segments of the food processing industry (ready-to-eat meats, fresh produce, seafood, dairy) concerned with ensuring the safety of consumers from the health hazards of Listeria monocytogenes, particularly through the use of emerging food preservation technologies such as high-pressure processing.
Transaction mix performance models: methods and application to performance anomaly detection

This poster describes a simple model of application-level performance as a function of workload. The model is intuitive, easy to apply, and requires little knowledge of the application. The model can be used for performance anomaly detection: identifying relatively rare cases where workload does not explain performance. Knowing when workload explains performance well vs. poorly can help to distinguish between true performance faults and mere overload. This in turn can inform our choice of performance analysis and debugging tools, and can also suggest remedial measures. Extensive empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately models performance in three large distributed commercial production applications serving real customers. Furthermore it flags as anomalous an episode of a subtle performance bug in one of these applications.
Biochemical heterozygosity and phenotypic variability of polygenic traits

Using the theory of additive genetic variability of a polygenic trait, it is shown that an individual's heterozygosity at the loci governing the trait cannot be determined accurately from observations on phenotypes alone. Furthermore, the negative association between heterozygosity and phenotypic variance, and a positive correlation of the frequency of the modal class of a phenotypic trait and the extent of heterozygosity can be explained by additive allelic effects. It is argued that while the number of heterozygous loci in an individual may not be a good indicator of the individual's genomic heterozygosity, there is evidence that some of the biochemical loci may reflect genetic variation at the loci controlling phenotypic polymorphism. Thus the observed relationship between biochemical heterozygosity and phenotypic variance may not constitute hard evidence of heterosis, overdominance, or associative overdominance.
Experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium ion beam with palladium

A series of experiments using deuterium gas and low energy deuteron beam with palladium has been designed at Mississippi State University to allow for the observation, if it exists, of cold fusion. Three experiments were performed. One involved the diffusion transient of deuterium gas into palladium. The gas was cooled by liquid nitrogen, and its temperature was permitted to rise to room temperature, changing from near −34°C to 19°C in 75 minutes. A spherical lithium neutron detector, 21 cm from the palladium, gave an audible indication of neutron levels approximately twice the background. A second experiment used a deuterium ion beam (1 kev) which bombarded a palladium target. An average counting rate of 36±6 counts for 2 minutes was measured by a BF3 tube with a paraffin moderator, 50 cm from the target. The background varied from 1–7 counts for each 2 minutes of counting period and averaged 4±2 counts in 2 minutes. A nitrogen ion beam impinging on the same palladium target produced 6 counts for a 2-minute counting period. A third experiment used a hydrogen ion beam first, then a nitrogen ion beam, finally a deuterium ion beam to bombard the same palladium target. These ion beams had energy less than 1 kev, and created neutron counts in the range of background. The palladium specimens were a piece of foil and a tube which used to be the palladium leak in a neutron generator. These preliminary experiments will be repeated, improved, and extended later.
Novel Agents in Hodgkin Lymphoma

Despite the success of modern therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), about 15 % of patients will fail both first-line and second-line therapy and treatment options for these patients are limited. New agents are needed to improve the outcome for relapsed or refractory HL and to improve the toxicity of current front-line regimens. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) was recently approved for HL and is likely to have a tremendous impact on the current treatment paradigm for HL. Additional agents that have demonstrated activity in HL include histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as panobinostat, entinostat, and mocetinostat, PI3-kinase/Akt/Mtor pathway inhibitors, such as everolimus, as well as lenalidomide and bendamustine. Studies evaluating these agents alone or in combination with either chemotherapy or other targeted agents are ongoing. Current challenges in HL research include identifying the most appropriate drug combinations of new and old drugs and identifying predictors of response to the new targeted agents.
Activation of cFos in ovine fetal corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons at the time of parturition.

The ovine fetal pituitary adrenal axis plays an important role in parturition. While lesions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the fetal sheep delay parturition, suggesting that the PVN is necessary for the processes that lead up to parturition, evidence for stimulation of PVN neurons at time of delivery/labor is lacking. The present study tested the hypothesis that activation (evidenced by expression of the oncogene product cFos) of a specific population of PVN neurons containing CRH accompanies labor in sheep. Monitoring of uterine electromyogram activity determined the onset of labor. The brains of nine fetuses (removed by cesarian section under anesthesia at gestational ages of 125–145 days) and four newborn sheep were perfused and stained for cFos and CRH. Before labor, less than 5% of fetal paraventricular CRH neurons expressed cFos. Verification that the CRH neurons could express cFos when adequately stimulated was made by exposing an additional group of four preterm animals (125 days gestati...
Modeling of streaming potential responses caused by oil well pumping

The occurrence of streaming potentials is directly related to movement of fluids in the subsurface. To investigate whether streaming potential measurements in boreholes and at the surface can be used to monitor subsurface flow and detect subsurface flow patterns in oil reservoirs, we model streaming potential responses caused by oil well pumping in monitoring wells and at the earth's surface. Since the model parameters: permeabilities, cross‐coupling properties, and electric conductivities depend on a few basic rock‐physics parameters such as brine conductivity, amount of water saturation, and porosity, the model parameters are evaluated self‐consistently using rock‐physics models. Using a threedimensional, (3-D) finite‐difference algorithm, the governing differential equations that are drawn from nonequilibrium thermodynamics are solved numerically in three self‐consistent steps: solution of the hydraulic problem, computation of the streaming current sources based on the principle of conservation of char...
Evolution of emission line galaxies

This thesis compares two samples of emission line galaxies, selected on the basis of the strength of their O III and/or H-beta emission lines. The distant sample has been drawn from the 4-Shooter transit survey undertaken by Schmidt, Schneider and Gunn (1994, AJ, 107, 1245 and references therein), and consists of 370 galaxies with emission line equivalent widths in excess of 50A and fluxes above well-defined wavelength-dependent limits. This survey the moderate resolution spectra taken to identify the emission line. The nearby sample has been taken from the first CfA Northern Sky Redshift Survey, and consists of 81 galaxies from Burg (1987, Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA) with O III EW ≥ 23.75A and an additional 26 Seyfert galaxies fbeen observed on the 1.5m Oscar Meyer telescope using the Echelle Spectrograph in a low-resolution, long slit mode (McCarthy, 1988, Ph.D. thesis, Caltech, Pascovers the emission lines of interest such as H-beta, O II. These data have been used both to classify the 107 galaxies from their line ratio diagnostics as well as to model the spatial and spectral light distributions on the plane of the sky for a comparison of how each would appear in the distant survey as a function of redshift. Maximum redshifts in both the nearby and the distant survey have been determined for each CfA galaxy, and predicted number counts, based on both a no-evolution model as well as a model incorporating density evolution, have been made from the corresponding ratio of accessible volumes in the two surveys. Corrections were made to the predicted counts to account for sample incompletenesses and the overdensity of the CfA survey relative to the average density of galaxies in the "local" universe. These predicted counts were comclass. The results from this cono-evolution model for emission line galaxies out to z~0.5, and do not support the conjecture (Broadhurst et al., 1988, MNRAS, 235, 827; Colless et al., 1990, MNRAS, 244, 408) that there is an evolving population of dwarf star-forming emission line galaxies.
Prolonged dexmedetomidine infusion as an adjunct in treating sedation-induced withdrawal.

IMPLICATIONS Dexmedetomidine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, is indicated for sedating patients on mechanical ventilation. It has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for 24-h use. This is a report concerning a patient in whom a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine was safely used for a week to help in averting frank withdrawal symptoms from an opioid and benzodiazepines.
Physiological Regulation of Phosphopyruvate Formation from 3-phosphoglycerate in Rat Tissues.

SummaryCastration of male white rats resulted in a decreased rate of phosphopyruvic acid formation from 3-phosphoglyceric acid, by dilute tissue homogenates. Ovariectomy caused an elevation of enzyme activity in the tissues of females. Enzyme activity of hy-pophysectomized rats decreased only 14 days after the operation. The effect of age on this enzyme reaction was also demonstrated. Tissues of young females had a higher enzyme activity than those of mature females, except the ovaries which were considerably lower than in the mature animals. The effect of age was not noticeable in young males. Injection of diethyl stilbestrol in young males or testosterone in young females caused a decrease in phosphopyruvic acid formation. Cortisone and ACTH decreased the rate of this enzyme reaction in both sexes.
Influence of environmental variables on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus

Abstract 1. 1. MFO activity measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) was assayed in hepatic microsomes of unfed bluegills acclimated to 4, 13, 18, or 26° C and injected once intraperitoneally with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) at a dose of 1, 10 or 20 μg/g body weight. 2. 2. Fish acclimated to the higher temperature exhibited elevated EROD activity after the fifth day of injection; however, fish held at 4°C did not exhibit induction of this enzyme until 18 days following the initial injection and then only at the highest dose. 3. 3. Although the concentrations of BaP and metabolites in the liver 5 days after injection were similar for fish acclimated to three temperatures, EROD activities were greater for the fish acclimated to higher temperatures. 4. 4. Comparison of fed and unfed fish acclimated to 26°C revealed that at all doses higher concentrations of cytochromes P-450 and b 5 accumulated in hepatic tissue of fed fish; however, no difference was observed in EROD activities at any particular dose. 5. 5. The results of this work indicate that EROD activity increases as acclimation temperature and BaP dose increase.
A Bivalved Gastropod from the Hawaiian Islands

A SINGLE specimen of a bivalved gastropod (opisthobranchs first described by Kawaguti and Baba1) was recently collected alive at Koloa, Kauai, Hawaii. This apparently represents the first living specimen of a species of the sub-family Berthelininae to be described from a Pacific Island.
Concentration of organochlorine pesticides in wine corks.

Abstract Wine corks were extracted and analyzed for 23 organochlorine pesticides, including α-, β-, and γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), hexachlorobenzene, DDT, DDE and DDD, chlordane, endosulfan, dieldrin, aldrin, and endrin. This was done to investigate the occurrence, concentrations, composition profiles, and possible sources of organochlorine contamination. All groups of compounds were detected in every sample investigated, with the exception of aldrin and endrin. The total concentrations of organochlorine compounds in all samples ranged from 75–120 ng/g lipid, and for most compounds, the concentrations of organochlorines in cork were consistent with published data for other plant tissues. Differences in the relative abundances of the various classes of organochlorine pesticides were substantial and were probably due to differences in the pesticide usage practices of the various regions in which the cork producing trees were grown.
Quantum architecture of novel solids

The current status of our understanding of Quantum Mechanics is that if one specifies the chemical formula of a compound (e.g., CuAu, or GaAs, or NiPt) it is still impossible to predict if this material is a superconductor or not, but it is now possible to predict its crystal structure. This is a nontrivial accomplishment for there are as many as 2N possible structures for a binary compound. This article reviews this classic question of structural chemistry and condensed matter physics: How can one figure out which of the astronomic number of possible crystal structures is selected by Nature?
Altered posterior cingulate cortical cyctoarchitecture, but normal density of neurons and interneurons in the posterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in autism

Autism is a developmental disorder with prenatal origins, currently estimated to affect 1 in 91 children in the United States. Social-emotional deficits are a hallmark of autism and early neuropathology studies have indicated involvement of the limbic system. Imaging studies demonstrate abnormal activation of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a component of the limbic system. Abnormal activation has also been noted in the fusiform gyrus (FFG), a region important for facial recognition and a key element in social interaction. A potential imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory interneurons in the cortex may contribute to altered information processing in autism. Furthermore, reduced numbers of GABA receptors have previously been reported in the autistic brain. Thionin-stained sections were used to qualitatively assess cytoarchitectonic patterning and quantitatively determine the density of neurons and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the densities of a subset of GABAergic interneurons utilizing parvalbumin-and calbindin-immunoreactivity. In autism, the PCC displayed altered cytoarchitecture with irregularly distributed neurons, poorly demarcated layers IV and V, and increased presence of white matter neurons. In contrast, no neuropathology was observed in the FFG. There was no significant difference in the density of thionin, parvalbumin, or calbindin interneurons in either region and there was a trend towards a reduced density of calbindin neurons in the PCC. This study highlights the presence of abnormal findings in the PCC, which appear to be developmental in nature and could affect the local processing of social–emotional behaviors as well as functioning of interrelated areas. Autism Res2011,4:200–211. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sample topography and position within plant body influence the detection of the intensity of green fluorescent protein fluorescence in the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants.

The effect of the type of leaf tissue selected for the study of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence intensity was investigated here using the T1 generation of transgenic tobacco expressing the m-gfp5-ER gene. The fluorescence of GFP was detected by fluorescence binocular microscope coupled with the CCD camera and quantified by means of image analyses using the Lucia® software. Mean brightness values from various leaf tissues were compared. First, an original data revealing the significant differences in the fluorescence intensity between the abaxial and adaxial surfaces are given. Stronger signal was detected on the abaxial side. Subsequently, the effect of the tissue location within the leaf surface was investigated and higher fluorescence was detected on the samples detached from leaf tips. Finally, the effect of the physiological age of leaves was studied using the in vitro clonally propagated plants. Leaves from the analogous positions within the plant body of three clones were investigated. The decrease in the fluorescence towards the plant top (youngest leaves) was observed in all studied plants. Surprisingly, the variability of the fluorescence within the clones of studied genotype was high enough to conclude, that the fluorescence of each individual is unique and affected by particular genotype and environment. Our study showed that the origin of leaf tissue selected for the GFP quantification is crucial and that the fluctuations in the fluorescence intensity should be taken into account when comparing the GFP fluorescence patterns of different plants. Moreover, the degree of fluorescence variability seems to be individually affected.
Absence of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and related enzymes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

SummarycAMP, adenyl cyclase, and cAMP phosphodiesterase were not detected in spent culture media or cell extracts of a recent clinical isolate and laboratory strains of N. gonorrhoeae. cAMP and related enzymes were not detected in either T-1 or T-4 colonial types of N. gonorrhoeae or in other Neisseria spp.
An O(nlog n) Unidirectional Algorithm for the Circular Extrema Problem

Solutions may be compared using several measures. The primary one is the total number of messages transmitted by the processes. Also, one can count the number of distinct messages used and the total message delay time (assuming that each message takes a maximum of one unit of time to be transmitted). In addition, one can consider limiting the number of directions that messages can be transmitted; in this case, a message can be transmitted either unidirectionally or bidirectionally. Obviously, the simplicity of a solution is important.
Cerebral organization and reading disabiliy

Abstract Words and faces were tachistoscopically presented to the left and right hemispheres of disabled readers who had neuropsychological deficits suggesting an auditory-linguistic form of reading disturbance. A normal left visual-field superiority for facial recognition was found, but there was no aysmmetry for word recognition. The results suggest that processing of linguistic information in the left hemispheres of these disabled readers is severely retarded.
Exploring Ethnic Variation in Preadolescent Aggressive Girls’ Social, Psychological, and Academic Functioning

The authors examined whether the adjustment patterns of socially and overtly aggressive preadolescent girls, ages 9 to 11 years, from rural communities differed by ethnicity. Students were administered a series of questionnaires to assess the degree to which girls engaged in various forms of aggression and to assess aggressive girls’ social, psychological, and academic functioning. Four clusters of girls—nonaggressive, socially aggressive, and moderate and high mixed aggressive—were identified with cluster analysis based on cross-gendered peer nominations of social and overt aggression. Results indicated that ethnic variation exists in aggressive and nonaggressive girls’ attitudes toward school and satisfaction with their friendships, but no ethnic differences were found in aggressive girls’ social adjustment. Socially aggressive and nonaggressive African American girls endorsed greater feelings of disengagement from school than socially aggressive and nonaggressive European American girls. No ethnic diff...
Implementation of Finite Volume based Navier Stokes Algorithm Within General Purpose Flow Network Code

This paper describes a finite volume based numerical algorithm that allows multi-dimensional computation of fluid flow within a system level network flow analysis. There are several thermo-fluid engineering problems where higher fidelity solutions are needed that are not within the capacity of system level codes. The proposed algorithm will allow NASA's Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) to perform multi-dimensional flow calculation within the framework of GFSSP s typical system level flow network consisting of fluid nodes and branches. The paper presents several classical two-dimensional fluid dynamics problems that have been solved by GFSSP's multi-dimensional flow solver. The numerical solutions are compared with the analytical and benchmark solution of Poiseulle, Couette and flow in a driven cavity.
Compound nucleus X-ray production across a nuclear resonance in the p + 134Ba reaction

The probability of compound nucleus (CN) and separated atom (SA) X-ray emission in p + 134Ba collisions has been measured as a function of proton energy near the isobaric analog nuclear resonance at 9.295 MeV. X-ray spectra were recorded in coincidence with protons scattered to a mean laboratory angle of 172° and detected by a cooled surface barrier detector which resolved elastically scattered protons from those which ionized one of the target's inner-shell electrons. Our results at five proton energies show good agreement for the predicted K-shell ionization probability (PK) in the vicinity of this nuclear resonance. The measured ratio of CN to SA Kα X-rays is less than 3% integrated over the same region. A slight enhancement of the CN X-ray yield is seen at the resonance energy, and we deduce an upper limit for the peak CN cross section of σ0 < 4 mb/sr.
Reinterpreting the Jones critique: A time series approach to testing and understanding idea driven growth models with transitional dynamics

Abstract This paper uses the concept of cointegration and a theoretical framework that incorporates transitional dynamics to re-examine the evidence concerning empirical support for 1st generation, semi-endogenous growth, and Schumpeterian growth. The data for the post-war US economy show that the endogenous innovation approach can be broadly supported by the time series data but the limitations of time series data makes it difficult to use cointegration estimates to make sharp predictions of key model parameters that distinguish different versions of idea driven growth theory. Once capital is included in the knowledge growth model testing alternative growth frameworks can be viewed as a test of the number of cointegrating relationships between macroeconomic variables. Our results suggest a single cointegrating vector, lending some support to fully endogenous growth theories as opposed to the semi-endogenous approach.
Urinary MHPG in anorexia nervosa patients with and without a concomitant major depressive disorder

Abstract Twenty-four hour urinary MHPG excretion was measured in a group of anorexia nervosa patients before and after five weeks of treatment and in matched normal control subjects. A sub-group of anorexia nervosa patients who met research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for a concomitant major depressive disorder (AN-RDC+) was found to have, both initially and after treatment, significantly lower mean urinary MHPG levels than the normal control subjects. In contrast, mean urinary MHPG levels in anorexia nervosa patients who did not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (AN-RDC+) were similar to values in normal controls. Utilising the median value of all urinary MHPG samples as the cut-off point, it was found that significantly more AN-RDC+ patients excreted low MHPG compared with AN-RDC-patients and normal control subjects. The manifestation of a major depressive disorder according to RDC was found to be more important than body size variables in predicting the variance of MHPG. It is suggested that urinary MHPG levels may be useful in discriminating between sub-types of anorexia nervosa patients.
Range and Specific Ionization of Alpha-Particles

A study of the specific ionization of polonium alpha-particles near the end of their range with a shallow ionization chamber and linear pulse amplifier has resulted in an accurate determination of the single particle specific ionization curve and the range energy relation in this region. The method used is to compare the average single particle ionization in chambers of different depths and from the differences to obtain the ionization of particles of residual range less than the depth of the chambers. The single particle specific ionization curve differs from earlier determinations and shows the necessity of a correction to the accepted values of absolute mean range of all alpha-particle groups. The value suggested for the mean range of Th C\ensuremath{'} (at 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 760 mm) is 8.570\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007 cm; for Po it is 3.842\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006 cm. It is shown that extrapolated ranges obtained from ionization measurements differ from those obtained from number distance curves; an empirical relation is suggested to convert such values to mean range. A corrected range energy relation for alpha-particles extending down to zero range is obtained by combining the results of the present investigations with earlier determinations.
Photodissociation dynamics of perfluorinated anhydrides: CO2 product bending excitation

Abstract Perfluorinated acetic anhydride (PFAA), succinic anhydride (PFSA), and glutaric anhydride (PFGA), were photolyzed at 222 nm. Time-resolved infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the CO 2 photoproduct. The CO 2 0 n n 0 bending state populations were characterized by vibrational Boltzmann temperatures of 1120±60, 2100±200, and 3100±1000 K for PFAA, PFGA, and PFSA, respectively. The general trend in 0 n n 0 excitation was consistent with the variation in total available energy. Small differences in relative 00 0 1 population, compared with the bending states, were also observed, possibly indicating the presence of dynamical effects.
Hydrolyses of dimethylchlorotin carboxylates

The controlled hydrolyses of dimethylchlorotin carboxylates proceed according to the following scheme: R = CH2Cl, CHCl2, CH2Br, CH2I, CCl3, CF3, C2F5, C3F7, CF2Cl;S = H2O(CH3)2CO as solvent.
A Comparison of the Methylene Blue Reductase Test and the Direct Microscopic Count in Grading Milk at Milk Plants

During recent years the methylene blue reductase test has been advocated as a practical method to use for determining the approximate number of bacteria in milk. The test has been used quite extensively in some European countries and recently to some extent in this country at dairy manufacturing plants and milk receiving stations. The well established plate count method and the more recent direct microscopic count method have been adopted as official by the American Public Health Association. These tests are more expensive and complicated and demand more care and skill than is required in operating the reductase test. But the latter test has not been used in this country to such an extent that its place in the dairy industry has been definitely established. During the months of July, August, and September, 1924, a number of dairy manufacturing plants and milk receiving stations were visited by the writer and a sample of the milk delivered by each producer was tested for bacteria by both the methylene blue reductase test and the direct microscopic method. The obiect of the work was first, to determine the grade (A, B or C) of each producer's milk on the day it was tested and, second, to learn how the results obtained by the reductase test checked with those obtained by the direct microscopic count method.
Purple Blotch, Caused by Alternaria porri, on Leek Transplants in California.

In 1997, a foliar disease was detected on leek (Allium porrum) grown as transplants in California greenhouses. Initial symptoms consisted of small (less than 5 mm in diameter), circular, white leaf spots. Spots later enlarged, and became elliptical to oblong in shape and purple with tan borders in color. When spots coalesced, the leaf tips desiccated and wilted. Singly borne, brown conidia from leaves were obclavate in shape with slender, unbranched beaks extending from the narrow end of the spore body. Spore body dimensions measured 81 to 120 (96 mean) µm × 14 to 19 (16 mean) µm, and beaks measured 11 to 56 (30 mean) µm × 3 to 6 (4 mean) µm. Spore bodies had 6 to 9 transverse septa and occasionally 1 longitudinal septum. The fungus was identified as Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif. (1). The same fungus was also consistently isolated from the margins of the spots. For pathogenicity tests, isolates were grown for 6 weeks on potato dextrose agar under a combination of one cool white and one Vita-Lite fluorescent tube on a 12 h light/dark cycle. Conidial suspensions (1.0 × 10 e 4 conidia/ml) were sprayed onto 2-month-old leek (cvs. Broad London and Gavilan). Plants were incubated in a moist chamber for 48 h and then kept in a greenhouse. After 14 days, leaf spots similar to the original symptoms developed on inoculated plants, and the pathogen was reisolated. Control plants sprayed with distilled water remained symptomless. The experiment was repeated and the results were similar. The isolates also caused leaf spots on onion (Allium cepa cv. Stockton Early Yellow) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum). This is the first report of purple blotch caused by A. porri on commercially grown leeks in California. The occurrence of this disease on leeks in enclosed greenhouses strongly suggested that the primary inoculum was seed-borne. Reference: (1) M. B. Ellis and P. Holliday. C.M.I. Descriptions No. 248, 1970.
World View Concepts in Existential Family Therapy

Essence oriented and existence oriented approaches to family psychotherapy are very different treatment forms. This article compares and contrasts these two orientations in an effort to clarify the basic world view beliefs in existential psychotherapy with couples and families.
NEUTRON ACTIVATION MEASUREMENTS OF SILVER IN PRECIPITATION FROM LOCATIONS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Abstract Thermal neutron activation methods have been applied to the determination of silver content in samples of hail, rain and snow. Hail and rain samples were collected in South Dakota in regions where AgI cloud seeding was being conducted; the snow was collected in the eastern Sierra Nevada in an area where no such seeding was being conducted. No silver was detected in the snow samples analyzed, indicating concentrations on the average less than 2.5 × 10−11 gm ml−1. Eighty percent of the hail and rain samples analyzed contained measurable quantities of silver up to 70 times the minimum detectable amount. Some of these latter samples were collected in nominally unseeded areas, and although the chemical form in which the silver entered the precipitation is unknown—thereby casting doubt on its consequence—the observations raise important questions which deserve answers, particularly as they may affect statistical evaluations of weather modification experiments.
Synergistic Effects of Cellulosomal Xylanase and Cellulases from Clostridium cellulovorans on Plant Cell Wall Degradation

Plant cell walls are comprised of cellulose and hemicellulose and other polymers that are intertwined, and this complex structure presents a barrier to degradation by pure cellulases or hemicellulases. In this study, we determined the synergistic effects on corn cell wall degradation by the action of cellulosomal xylanase XynA and cellulosomal cellulases from Clostridium cellulovorans. XynA minicellulosomes and cellulase minicellulosomes were found to degrade corn cell walls synergistically but not purified substrates such as xylan and crystalline cellulose. The mixture of XynA and cellulases at a molar ratio of 1:2 showed the highest synergistic effect of 1.6 on corn cell wall degradation. The amounts both of xylooligosaccharides and cellooligosaccharides liberated from corn cell walls were increased by the synergistic action of XynA and cellulases. Although synergistic effects on corn cell wall degradation were found in simultaneous reactions with XynA and cellulases, no synergistic effects were observed in sequential reactions. The possible mechanism of synergism between XynA and cellulases is discussed.
The Contrast of Magnetic Flux Concentrations at Near-Infrared and Visible Wavelengths

To reconcile discrepancies in the observed contrast of magnetic flux concentrations, we compute synthetic filtergrams from solar magnetoconvection models in four different passbands: two continuum bands, at 1626 and 575 nm, the G band, and the line wing of the Ca II K line. Magnetic flux concentrations are selected by their G-band brightness. In the near-infrared the selected flux concentrations appear inconspicuous with intensities that are on average below that of the synthetic average quiet Sun, while their contrast in the visible passband is mostly positive. When we account for limited telescope resolution and imperfect seeing, the contrasts of bright points in the visible become increasingly negative as a result of mixing with the dark intergranular lanes in which they are embedded. The correlation in bright-point intensity between different passbands becomes increasingly poor from the G band to the visible and the near-infrared. This is caused in part by the varying amount of spectral lines in each of the bands. Further, we find that the largest magnetic field concentrations, representative of micropores or magnetic knots, are dark in all four passbands. The brightenings in the Ca II K line wing do not coincide with magnetic flux concentrations on the spatial scale of the simulation. Finally, we find that the rms intensity contrast in all four passbands depends on the amount of magnetic field present in the simulation, with higher contrast for lower average magnetic field strength.
Ubc13/Rnf8 ubiquitin ligases control foci formation of the Rap80/Abraxas/Brca1/Brcc36 complex in response to DNA damage

The Brca1 A complex contains Brca1/Bard1, Abraxas, Rap80, and Brcc36; however, with the exception of the Brca1–Abraxas interaction, how the A complex is assembled is not known. The A complex is localized to sites of DNA damage through the UIM domains of RAP80, which bind K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. In this study, we identified an FHA domain RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF8, and an E2-conjugating enzyme known to form K63–polyubiquitin chains, Ubc13, each of which is required to recruit the Brca1 A complex to sites of DNA damage. Rnf8 localizes to sites of DNA damage through an FHA-domain-containing region. We found that Rap80 contains an Abraxas interaction domain [AIR (Abraxas-interacting region)], required for association of Rap80 with Abraxas, Brca1, and Brcc36. Abraxas and Brcc36 associate through coiled-coil domains on each protein. These data suggest a model through which Ubc13 and Rnf8 are recruited to sites of DNA damage through DNA-damage-induced phosphorylation of a chromatin-associated protein and generate polyubiquitin chains that then recruit Rap80 and the entire Brca1 A complex to DNA-damage foci. This sequential E3 ubiquitin ligase recruitment constitutes a ubiquitin ligase cascade required for DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.