cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs: Critical Regulators of Development, Cellular Physiology and Malignancy

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-24 nucleotide RNA molecules that regulate the stability or translational efficiency of target mRNAs. These regulatory RNAs function by acting as sequence-specific guides which recruit a large protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex, or RISC, to target mRNAs which are subsequently silenced. Diverse functions have been attributed to miRNAs including the regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Moreover, significant evidence has accumulated implicating a fundamental role for miRNAs in the development of cancer. We recently demonstrated that the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc regulates a group of miRNAs known as the mir-17 cluster. This represents the first documented example of a mammalian transcription factor that regulates miRNA expression. Moreover, it was independently demonstrated that the mir-17 cluster accelerates c-Myc-induced lymphomagenesis in an in vivo mouse model. Together, these studies support an important role for this group of miRNAs in c-Myc-mediated tumorigenesis. We have also demonstrated that two miRNAs in this cluster regulate the pro-proliferative, pro-apoptotic transcription factor E2F1. Herein, we propose a model in which the mir-17 cluster prevents excessive E2F1 activity, and thereby apoptosis, in response to activation of c-Myc.
Estrogen and alkaline phosphatase activity in the genital tract of the male mouse.

RECENTLY considerable attention has been focussed on the hormonej enzyme relationship by several groups of investigators using histochemical and cytochemical methods (Kochakian, 1950). The hormonal control of phosphatase activity in several areas of the male genital tract has been studied by the Gutmans (1938, 1939), Pazos and Huggins (1945), Huggins (1947), Atkinson (1948), Soulairac and Thibault (1948a, b), Dempsey (1948), Dempsey et al. (1949), Wislocki (1949), Stafford et al. (1949), and Nava and Fiore (1949). According to certain of these workers, castration of male mammals results in at least partial loss of phosphatase activity from the genital tract which can be restored by androgen replacement therapy. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of estrogen on alkaline phosphatase activity in genital tissues of the male mouse, using a cytochemical technic. Seventy-nine male mice were used during the course of this investigation.
SIMS and CL characterization of manganese-doped aluminum nitride films

We have recently carried out MOCVD experiments that showed for the first time the doping of AlN thin films with manganese. Films of AlN that were doped with less than 0.1% of manganese showed emission bands at 427 nm, 488 nm and 600 nm in accordance with previous published excitation and emission spectra of manganese incorporated in bulk A1N. A film with a higher percentage of manganese (1.7%) grown on top of a pure A1N layer (underlayer) showed weak emission at 601 nm. A portion of the underlayer not covered during growth of the overlayer has a very strong emission band at 408 nm and a weaker band at 605 nm. SIMS and EDX analyses of this film revealed both carbon and oxygen contamination as well as diffusion of manganese into the A1N underlayer. The band at 408 nm is associated with direct gap emission from oxygen contaminated A1N and the band at 605 nm is from manganese incorporated by diffusion into the A1N underlayer.
A National Survey of Violence in the Practice of Social Work

Social workers are at risk of violence in the workplace. Some of this violence has been attributed to deinstitutionalization and the very nature of problems addressed by social workers. Yet, we kno...
Utilization of Soil Solarization for Eliminating Viable Tilletia indica Teliospores from Arizona Wheat Fields

Studies were conducted in Arizona to determine the efficacy of soil solarization for killing teliospores of the soilborne fungal wheat pathogen Tilletia indica. In a replicated study conducted in each of 3 years, T. indica teliospores and bunted wheat kernels were buried in a Karnal bunt-infested wheat field at depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm. Replicate samples were removed from under a clear plastic solarization cover at 7-day intervals and the number of viable teliospores determined. A rapid decline in teliospore viability occurred at all treatment depths over 38 days, with efficacy comparable with methyl bromide protocols using clear plastic sheeting. Initial viability rates of 43, 71, and 82% germination were reduced to 0.1, 7.7, and 0.2% after 38 days (across all depths) in 2003, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Mean daily maximum soil temperatures at 5 and 20 cm under clear plastic in 2003, 2005, and 2006 were 67, 53 and 60°C and 43, 38, and 43°C, respectively. Under current United States Department of Agriculture disease management strategies, the method may be useful for the rapid deregulation of Karnal bunt-affected fields.
Automatic Determination of Text Readability over Textured Backgrounds for Augmented Reality Systems

This paper describes a pattern recognition approach to determine readability of text labels in augmented reality systems. In many augmented reality applications, one of the ways in which information is presented to the user is to place a text label over the area of interest. However, if this information is placed over very busy and textured backgrounds, this can affect the readability of the text. The goal of this work was to identify methods of quantitatively describing conditions under which such text would be readable or unreadable. We used texture properties and other visual features to determine if a text placed on a particular background would be readable or not. Based on these features, a supervised classifier was built that was trained using data collected front human subjects' judgment of text readability. Using a rather small training set of about 400 human evaluations over 50 heterogeneous textures the system is able to achieve a correct classification rate of over 85%.
Could chiropractors screen for adverse drug events in the community? Survey of US chiropractors.

Background: The “Put Prevention into Practice” campaign of the US Public Health Service (USPHS) was launched with the dissemination of the Clinician’s Handbook of Preventive Services that recommended standards of clinical care for various prevention activities, including preventive clinical strategies to reduce the risk of adverse drug events. We explored whether nonprescribing clinicians such as chiropractors may contribute to advancing drug safety initiatives by identifying potential adverse drug events in their chiropractic patients, and by bringing suspected adverse drug events to the attention of the prescribing clinicians. Methods: Mail survey of US chiropractors about their detection of potential adverse drug events in their chiropractic patients. Results: Over half of responding chiropractors (62%) reported having identified a suspected adverse drug event occurring in one of their chiropractic patients. The severity of suspected drug-related events detected ranged from mild to severe. Conclusions: Chiropractors or other nonprescribing clinicians may be in a position to detect potential adverse drug events in the community. These detection and reporting mechanisms should be standardized and policies related to clinical case management of suspected adverse drug events occurring in their patients should be developed.
Discovering the Primary Factors of Cancer from Health and Living Habit Questionnaires

We have successfully obtained mining results with the questionnaire data. This application is very significant because the results are directly apply to the cancer prevention and cancer control. The following step is to collect more data (the other district questionnaire data) and do further mining to generate more genaral rules.
Why Courts Should Not Quantify Probable Cause

Introduction Probable cause is a basic tool of Fourth Amendment law. It appears prominently in the constitutional text: “no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause.” Police power often depends on it. In a range of settings, searches and seizures are constitutional if the police have probable cause but unconstitutional if they don't. But just how “probable” is probable cause? The Supreme Court has declined to say. The Supreme Court has described probable cause as a “nontechnical conception” that requires proof of a “fair probability.” The Court has also said that probable cause exists when “a man of reasonable caution” would believe an offense has been committed. But the Court has refused to quantify probable cause. “The probable-cause standard is incapable of precise definition or quantification into percentages,” the Court recently declared, “because it deals with probabilities and depends on the totality of the circumstances.”
On optimization of broadband beamformer for hearing aid applications

This paper considers various wideband signal model optimization techniques and associated performance results using steerable fixed beam microphone array processing for hearing aid applications in free-space and reverberant conditions. We first review and compare various conventional broadband and narrowband array optimization techniques. Then new results on maximum energy criterion broadband array optimization formulated for subband processing are presented. The uniformly spaced subband and the nonuniformly spaced subband using quadrature mirror filter approaches are treated. Then algorithms for implementing the hearing aid's search mode based on direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation techniques for acoustic signals using subspace methods are discussed. Finally, various simulation results under the maximum energy criterion and DOA estimation for free-space and reverberant conditions are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques.
Adaptive finite time filtering

A detailed analysis of a particular adaptive filter has been carried out and the required extension of the theory to the general case is indicated. The filter measures the spectral densities of the input signal and noise processes and adjusts its band-pass to give optimal filtering in the Wiener sense. The behavior is examined in the linear approximation and a crude treatment of the nonlinear transient response is given. These results compare favorably with an analog simulation.
Estimating the Per Capita Rate of Population Change: How Well Do Life-History Surrogates Perform?

A method of estimating per capita rate of change for experimental populations in the absence of adult survival and fecundity schedules (r′) was proposed previously (J. Anim. Ecol. 53: 573–580; 1984). The method has been used repeatedly, although there has been no attempt to verify the relationship between r′ and the per capita growth rate in populations. This method was tested with laboratory populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) growing at three larval densities. Survival and fecundity schedules enabled calculation of per capita growth rate, r, for each population, whereas measuring emergent females enabled the calculation r′. The capacity of r′ to predict r was significant, although a substantial amount of variation in r remained unaccounted for, and r′ overestimated r. The degree of overestimation of r by r′ was consistent across the three densities, and the regressions off and r′ versus density were similar. Overestimation of per capita rate of change by r′ is attributed largely to extensive adult longevity in laboratory conditions for this species, coupled with a lengthy reproductive period, in combination with prereproductive adult mortality, both of which are assumed to be negligible with the r′ method. Separate indicators of larval success were also tested for their predictions of r; only first day emergence and average development time were significant predictors although neither performed as well as r′. The r′ index accounted for the largest fraction of variation in r. Implications of overestimating r by r′ to estimating other population parameters are discussed.
Hybrid Caching for Large-Scale Object Systems

Object-based client caching allows clients to keep more frequently accessed objects while discarding colder objects that reside on the same page. However, when these objects are modified and sent to the server, it may need to read the corresponding page from disk to install the update. These installation reads are not required with a page-based cache because whole pages are sent to the server.
Evidence for cytoskeletal associations of the adenylate cyclase system obtained by differential extraction of rat erythrocyte ghosts

Abstract Subpopulations of adenylate cyclase and its GTP-binding regulatory component (N-protein) are associated with Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons of rat erythrocytes. The cytoskeletal association of adenylate cyclase appears to be a function of its state of activation. The mechanism of hormonal activation of this enzyme may involve cytoskeletal components.
Distributed source coding in absence of common components

We introduce a scheme for the binary one-help-one distributed source coding problem using two layers of codes. The primary code is of constant finite block-length and the secondary code has a block-length approaching infinity. The achievable rate-distortion region for this scheme is derived for the binary one-help-one problem. It is shown that the scheme achieves the common component rate-distortion region in the case when the sources have a common component, while if a common component is not present (i.e. replaced with highly correlated functions of the two inputs) it improves upon existing achievable bounds. We show that as the block-length of the primary code is increased, the transmission rate required in the scheme decreases, reaches its minimum at some finite value and then increases. This phenomenon is not typically seen in traditional schemes used in multi-terminal source coding.
Photometry of the outer solar corona from lunar-based observations

Two-dimensional isophotes of the extreme solar corona (r max ∼ 45 R ⊙) have been derived from integrated vidicon pictures taken from the Moon's surface by the unmanned probes Surveyors 6 and 7. These data were calibrated through use of previously published values for the coronal brightness gradient along the ecliptic. The resulting structure of the outer corona is compared to ground-based observations of the innermost corona 1.125 ⩽ r/R ⊙ ⩽ 2.0 made by the High Altitude Observatory K-coronameter. The possible existence of a streamer seen by Surveyor 7 is analyzed over the region 15 ⩽ r ⩽ 22.5 R ⊙.
The Impact of Imbalances in Baseline Stroke Severity on Outcome in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study

Study objective The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA) Stroke Study demonstrated a clinically meaningful and statistically significant benefit of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Adjusting for the baseline National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale, the benefit of tPA remained. However, other authors suggest that an imbalance in baseline stroke severity between the tPA and placebo groups confounded the results. Another issue that has been raised concerns a possible increase in early mortality for individuals given tPA. In post hoc subgroup analysis, we describe the effect of tPA across a spectrum of time from stroke onset to treatment and stroke severity subgroups. Stroke severity was based on the NIH Stroke Scale. We also compare early mortality (2-week and 30-day) in the tPA and placebo groups. Methods Using combined data from the 2 NINDS rtPA Stroke Study trials, we performed post hoc subgroup analyses of 3-month favorable outcome (defined by the NIH Stroke Scale, Barthel, Rankin, and Glasgow Outcome Scales). We categorized patients from the trials into onset to treatment (0 to 90 minutes, 91 to 180 minutes) by NIH Stroke Scale (≤5, 6 to 20, >20) subgroups. Analyses were adjusted for all variables previously shown to be associated with favorable outcome at 3 months. We also compared early mortality within onset-to-treatment subgroups. Results For all the 12 specified onset-to-treatment–NIH Stroke Scale subgroups, the adjusted odds ratio for a favorable 3-month outcome was greater than 1.0 and favored tPA. We detected no difference in mortality between patients treated with rtPA and those treated with placebo by 2 weeks posttreatment (rtPA=9%, placebo=13%; P =.49) or by 30 days (rtPA=11%, placebo=16%; P =.30). Conclusion These are descriptive post hoc subgroup analyses. Using cut points defined in previous critiques of the NINDS trials, these analyses give results consistent with previous NINDS Study Group reports. Baseline NIH Stroke Scale imbalance does not account for the better outcome of rtPA-treated patients.
Peter V. Marsden, ed. Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2012. 408 pp. $75.00 (cloth). $35.00 (paper)

The article reviews the book "Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972," edited by Peter V. Marsden.
Revisiting Paradigms in Black Education Community Control and African-Centered Schools

This article is drawn from a larger case study analysis of Black mobilization around community control of schools in New York City and Black support of African American immersion schools in Milwaukee. The study examines how sociopolitical context influenced the two Black urban school districts to pursue school reform models that used persistent segregation as the center-piece for reform. The study reveals that using an all-Black setting as a foundation for school reform presents challenges that can threaten the intended reform. It is concluded that despite potential challenges, if residential patterns and demographic changes continue to undermine integration efforts, then racially relevant alternatives that build on tenets of Black nationalism and Afrocentricity will find a broader audience in urban school districts eager to find remedies to address the problems associated with persistent segregation.
Rotator cuff repair in patients fifty years of age and younger.

Background: Currently, there is no information on the long-term results of rotator cuff repair in young patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine the results, the risk factors for an unsatisfactory outcome, and the rates of failure of this procedure in patients fifty years of age and younger. Methods: Thirty-two patients (thirty-six shoulders) who were fifty years of age or younger underwent repair of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear between 1976 and 1987. Seven patients (seven shoulders) died after less than thirteen years of follow-up. The remaining twenty-nine shoulders, which had been followed for a minimum of thirteen years or until revision surgery, were included in the analysis. The most recent follow-up was performed in the clinic for five shoulders and by means of a questionnaire for twenty-four shoulders. Results: There were three small, fifteen medium, six large, and five massive tears. Rotator cuff repair was associated with significant long-term pain relief (p = 0.0001). However, there was no significant long-term improvement in active abduction or external rotation. Postoperative pain, active abduction, and external rotation did not vary significantly according to gender, tear size, repair type, or whether a distal clavicular excision had been performed. There were eleven excellent, five satisfactory, and thirteen unsatisfactory results. Seven shoulders had additional surgery for the treatment of a recurrent tear (five), instability (one), or osteoarthritis (one). Three of the five repairs that were done for the treatment of a recurrent tear were performed ten years or more after the time of the index procedure. Conclusions: Rotator cuff repair in young patients is associated with long-term pain relief. However, this procedure is not associated with significant long-term improvement in motion, and a large proportion of patients have an unsatisfactory long-term result. The results of rotator cuff repair in young patients appear to be less favorable than those in a mixed-age population. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Validation of a simple method for representing spheres and slender bodies in an immersed boundary method for Stokes flow on an unbounded domain

We test the efficacy of using a single Lagrangian point to represent a sphere, and a one-dimensional array of such points to represent a slender body, in a new immersed boundary method for Stokes flow. A numerical parameter, the spacing of the Eulerian grid, is used to determine the effective radius of the immersed sphere or slender body. Such representations are much less expensive computationally than those with two or three-dimensional meshes of Lagrangian points. To perform this test, we develop a numerical method to solve the discretized Stokes equations on an unbounded Eulerian grid which contains an arbitrary configuration of Lagrangian points that apply force to the fluid and that move with the fluid. We compare results computed with this new immersed boundary method to known results for spheres and rigid cylinders in Stokes flow in R^3. We find that, for certain choices of parameters, the interactions with the fluid of a single Lagrangian point accurately replicate those of a sphere of some particular radius, independent of the location of the point with respect to the Eulerian grid. The interactions of a linear array of Lagrangian points, for certain choices of parameters, accurately replicate those of a cylinder of some particular radius, independent of the position and orientation of the array with respect to the Eulerian grid. The effective radius of the sphere and the effective radius of the cylinder turn out to be related in a simple and natural way. Our results suggest recipes for choosing parameters that should be useful to practitioners. One surprising result is that one must not use too many Lagrangian points in an array. Another is that the approximate delta functions traditionally used in the immersed boundary method perform much better than higher order delta functions with the same support.
The Limitations of Using Gastric Residual Volumes to Monitor Enteral Feedings: A Mathematical Model

A variety of methods are used to estimate whether a gastric residual volume is excessive during enteral feedings. In this study, mathematical models of gastric volume during continuous or bolus feedings were developed to evaluate the relevance of measuring residual volumes. The validity of common threshold values of residual volumes that are used to monitor the safety of enteral feeding in infants and adults was tested. A mathematical representation of gastric volume was established using standard integration methods. Assuming an exponential rate of gastric emptying, continuous feedings result in a steady state volume that is proportional to the half-emptying time of the stomach and the rate of addition of endogenous and exogenous fluids. During bolus feedings, a steady state volume will be achieved that is proportional to the volume of the bolus and a rate constant calculated using the half-emptying time and the bolus interval. Based on these models, it can be predicted that threshold values commonly use...
Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Ring-trisubstituted 2-Phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethylenes

Novel copolymers of ring-trisubstituted 2-phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethylenes, RC6H2CH = C(CN)2 (where R is 2,3-(CH3)2–4-CH3O, 2,5-(CH3)2–4-CH3O, 2,4-(CH3O)2–3-CH3, 2,3,4-(CH3O)3, 2,4,5-(CH3O)3, 2,4,6-(CH3O)3, 3,4,5-(CH3O)3, 5-Br-2,4-(CH3O)2, 6-Br-3,4-(CH3O)2) and styrene were prepared by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator (ABCN) at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. The order of relative reactivity (1/r 1) for the monomers is 6-Br-3,4-(CH3O)2 (5.5) > 5-Br-2,4-(CH3O)2 (3.2) > 2,4,6-(CH3O)3 (2.4) > 2,4,5-(CH3O)3 (2.3) > 3,4,5-(CH3O)3 (2.2) > 2,3,4-(CH3O)3 (2.1) > 2,4-(CH3O)2–3-CH3 (1.2) > 2,5-(CH3)2–4-CH3O (0.9) > 2,3-(CH3)2–4-CH3O (0.7). Relatively high Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrog...
Bacterial Interference by Oropharyngeal and Clinical Isolates of Anaerobic Bacteria

Anaerobic isolates were tested for bacterial inhibitory activity. Of 144 isolates, 102 were from oropharynegeal washings, and 42 were from clinical specimens. Thirteen facultative bacterial species (seven members of the Enterobacteriaceae and six species of gram-positive cocci) were used as indicators of inhibition. Eleven anaerobic species were isolated from oral secretions. All isolates of Bacteroides melaninogenicus, the most commonly recovered species, consistently inhibited several species of indicator bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides oralis, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius had unprecictable inhibitory activity, whereas most of the other oral anaerobes were noninhibitory. The 42 clinical species were generally noninhibitory.
Study and characterizations on the post cure behavior of underfill

The flip-chip on organic substrate has relied on underfill to enhance the solder joint reliability. Recently, the no-flow underfill and wafer level underfill process was invented to improve the production efficiency of flip-chip process. These two underfill processes are designed for flip-chip in Surface Mount Technology (SMT) assembly. The elimination of post cure is desired although in many applications post cure is still required or recommended. Therefore, there is a need to understand how material properties change at the later stage of curing. In this paper, the post cure behavior of a particular no-flow underfill is studied and its material properties at late stage of cure were characterized. A Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), a Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), a Dielectric Analyzer (DEA), and a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) in Torsional Braid Analysis (TBA) were used to study the post cure behavior of the underfill. The study on the glass transition temperature (T/sub g/) with respect to degree of cure (DOC) illustrated that the T/sub g/ was a sensitive probe of DOC at late stage of cure. The mechanical properties of the underfill in post cure were investigated using a dynamic mechanical test and a flexure test. The change of the modulus was found to be due to the room temperature free volume difference at different extents of cure. The moisture absorption experiment at 50/spl deg/C/50% Relative Humidity (RH) was carried out to further investigate the change of the free volume with respect to the extent of cure. These results indicate that the post cure properties of the underfill need to be carefully studied and controlled.
A 40 Gs/s Time Interleaved ADC Using SiGe BiCMOS Technology

The search for high speed, high bandwidth A/D converters is ongoing, and techniques to push the envelope are constantly being developed. In this paper an open loop, scalable, time-interleaved ADC architecture is presented, as well as a 60 GHz Colpitts oscillator. With the use of double-sampling, the timing skew requirements between channels is greatly relaxed, allowing sampling rates of up to 40 Gs/s at 4-bits of accuracy. This circuit is implemented using the IBM 8HP SiGe technology, with fT of 210 GHz. The performance of the 8HP ADC is validated by measurement. In addition, simulations with an experimental 8XP transistor model provided by IBM with a 350 GHz fT suggest that 30% more circuit speed is possible by just swapping the transistors.
Disordered Pulmonary Myofibroblast Distribution and Elastin Expression in Preterm Infants with Ureaplasma urealyticum Pneumonitis

Respiratory colonization of preterm infants with Ureaplasma urealyticum is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease characterized by arrest of alveolar development, variable interstitial fibrosis, and disordered elastic fibers in the distal airspaces. As indicated in previous studies, moderate to severe fibrosis is a hallmark of pathology in the Ureaplasma-infected preterm lung. To further characterize the preterm lung's response to Ureaplasma, lung specimens from 4 gestational controls (GC), 12 other pneumonia and 5 Ureaplasma-infected infants were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), Hart's elastin staining, and in situ hybridization for tropoelastin (TE) expression. Cells positive for alphaSMA were observed in thickened, extensive bundles surrounding terminal airspaces in Ureaplasma and other pneumonia cases compared to individual myofibroblasts in GC. The myofibroblast pattern correlated with the severity of fibrosis, but not duration of ventilation. Transforming growth factor beta1 immunostaining was primarily localized to alveolar macrophages and was increased in Ureaplasma more than in other pneumonia cases. Elastic fibers and TE-expressing cells were spatially limited to emerging septal tips in GC. In pneumonia cases, increased deposition of elastic fibers was observed surrounding terminal airspaces, but TE expression was similar to GC. In Ureaplasma specimens, accumulation of elastic fibers correlated with duration of ventilation, and TE expression was extensive throughout the walls of terminal airspaces. These findings suggest that Ureaplasma is associated with alveolar macrophage TGFbeta1 immunostaining and myofibroblast proliferation contributing to abnormal septation, interstitial fibrosis, and a prolonged and strong elastogenic response in the preterm lung.
The same old New Look: Publication bias in a study of wishful seeing.

A recent study reported evidence of “wishful seeing,” where observers reported seeing a desired object as being closer than other objects. A statistical analysis of the experimental findings reveals evidence of publication bias in the study, so the existence of wishful seeing remains unproven.
Rash Associated with Pregabalin Use

Objective:To report a case of extensive rash induced by orally administered pregabalin in a patient with neuropathic pain.Case Summary:A 35-year-old white female with a diffuse, erythematous, maculopapular rash localized to her back and extremities presented to the preoperative holding area for planned exploratory nerve surgery. Prior to presentation, she had been receiving oral pregabalin 50 mg 3 times a day for approximately 2 weeks to treat her neuropathy. Prior to pregabalin therapy, the patient indicated that she had taken gabapentin for approximately 3 weeks for the pain, but had discontinued it due to adverse effects and perceived lack of efficacy. Pregabalin was discontinued and diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone were given to treat the rash. The rash almost completely resolved one week after pregabalin was discontinued.Discussion:Pregabalin-induced rash was rarely reported in Phase 3 trials, and a clinical description of such events has not been published. Pregabalin exhibits pharmacokinetics...
Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in burn patients.

• We studied the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in burn patients. Serial measurements of granulocyte oxidative function were obtained in treated patients and in a group of controls matched for age and total burn size. The administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in a 50% increase in mean leukocyte counts. Both groups showed significant baseline increases in granulocytic cytosolic oxidative function. Treated patients showed normal stimulated cytosolic oxidative function, which was significantly depressed compared with that of untreated patients. Myeloper-oxidase activity was increased in treated patients during the first postburn week but then declined to normal levels. Untreated patients had a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity for the first 3 weeks following injury. Untreated patients exhibited a significant decrease in superoxide activity during the second 3 weeks following injury. Treated patients demonstrated normal superoxide activity. ( Arch Surg. 1991; 126:74-79)
The Advantage of Imputation of Missing Income Data to Evaluate the Association Between Income and Self-Reported Health Status (SRH) in a Mexican American Cohort Study

Missing data often occur in cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal and experimental studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the prediction of self-rated health (SRH), a robust predictor of morbidity and mortality among diverse populations, before and after imputation of the missing variable "yearly household income." We reviewed data from 4,162 participants of Mexican origin recruited from July 1, 2002, through December 31, 2005, and who were enrolled in a population-based cohort study. Missing yearly income data were imputed using three different single imputation methods and one multiple imputation under a Bayesian approach. Of 4,162 participants, 3,121 were randomly assigned to a training set (to derive the yearly income imputation methods and develop the health-outcome prediction models) and 1,041 to a testing set (to compare the areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic of the resulting health-outcome prediction models). The discriminatory powers of the SRH prediction models were good (range, 69-72%) and compared to the prediction model obtained after no imputation of missing yearly income, all other imputation methods improved the prediction of SRH (P < 0.05 for all comparisons) with the AUC for the model after multiple imputation being the highest (AUC = 0.731). Furthermore, given that yearly income was imputed using multiple imputation, the odds of SRH as good or better increased by 11% for each $5,000 increment in yearly income. This study showed that although imputation of missing data for a key predictor variable can improve a risk health-outcome prediction model, further work is needed to illuminate the risk factors associated with SRH.
Roles of phosphodiesterases in the regulation of the cardiac cyclic nucleotide cross-talk signaling network

The balanced signaling between the two cyclic nucleotides (cNs) cAMP and cGMP plays a critical role in regulating cardiac contractility. Their degradation is controlled by distinctly regulated phosphodiesterase isoenzymes (PDEs), which in turn are also regulated by these cNs. As a result, PDEs facilitate communication between the β-adrenergic and Nitric Oxide (NO)/cGMP/Protein Kinase G (PKG) signaling pathways, which regulate the synthesis of cAMP and cGMP respectively. The phenomena in which the cAMP and cGMP pathways influence the dynamics of each other are collectively referred to as cN cross-talk. However, the cross-talk response and the individual roles of each PDE isoenzyme in shaping this response remain to be fully characterized. We have developed a computational model of the cN cross-talk network that mechanistically integrates the β-adrenergic and NO/cGMP/PKG pathways via regulation of PDEs by both cNs. The individual model components and the integrated network model replicate experimentally observed activation-response relationships and temporal dynamics. The model predicts that, due to compensatory interactions between PDEs, NO stimulation in the presence of sub-maximal β-adrenergic stimulation results in an increase in cytosolic cAMP accumulation and corresponding increases in PKA-I and PKA-II activation; however, the potentiation is small in magnitude compared to that of NO activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. In a reciprocal manner, β-adrenergic stimulation in the presence of sub-maximal NO stimulation results in modest cGMP elevation and corresponding increase in PKG activation. In addition, we demonstrate that PDE2 hydrolyzes increasing amounts of cAMP with increasing levels of β-adrenergic stimulation, and hydrolyzes increasing amounts of cGMP with decreasing levels of NO stimulation. Finally, we show that PDE2 compensates for inhibition of PDE5 both in terms of cGMP and cAMP dynamics, leading to cGMP elevation and increased PKG activation, while maintaining whole-cell β-adrenergic responses similar to that prior to PDE5 inhibition. By defining and quantifying reactions comprising cN cross-talk, the model characterizes the cross-talk response and reveals the underlying mechanisms of PDEs in this non-linear, tightly-coupled reaction system.
A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Wear Surfaces

A critical SEM examination of the worn surfaces of pins of different ferrous and non-ferrous alloys was undertaken to obtain additional knowledge regarding the microscopic events that occur when the asperities of opposing sliding surfaces contact in the absence of any applied lubricant film. These observations were correlated with optical9 X-ray, wear, and frictional data. The materials examined were steel with pearlitic, spheroidized, normalized, and hardened structures; iron-tungsten single phase alloys; non-ferrous alloys, such as brass; and commercial aluminum and magnesium alloys. The nature of the surface and wear particle size and shape suggested possible wear mechanisms for “mild” and “severe” wear phenomena. Indication of frictional heating resulting in thermal softening was clearly noted. Luminescent mode of examination allowed identification of FeSe on the surface. It is suggested that a critically designed experiment coupled with stereoscopic SEM techniques be conducted for quantitative evaluation of wear process.
Trapping and viability of swimming bacteria in an optoelectric trap

Non-contact manipulation methods capable of trapping and transporting swimming bacteria can significantly aid in chemotaxis studies. However, high swimming speed makes the trapping of these organisms an inherently challenging task. We demonstrate that an optoelectric technique, rapid electrokinetic patterning (REP), can effectively trap and manipulate Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria swimming at velocities greater than 20 μm s−1. REP uses electro-orientation, laser-induced AC electrothermal flow, and particle–electrode interactions for capturing these cells. In contrast to trapping non-swimming bacteria and inert microspheres, we observe that electro-orientation is critical to the trapping of the swimming cells, since unaligned bacteria can swim faster than the radially inward electrothermal flow and escape the trap. By assessing the cell membrane integrity, we study the effect of REP trapping conditions, including optical radiation, laser-induced heating, and the electric field on cell viability. When applied individually, the optical radiation and laser-induced heating have negligible effect on cells. At the standard REP trapping conditions fewer than 2% of cells have a compromised membrane after four minutes. To our knowledge this is the first study detailing the effect of REP trapping on cell viability. The presented results provide a clear guideline on selecting suitable REP parameters for trapping living bacteria.
World is Plural

This paper brings Hannah Arendt's concept of World into the company of several well-mined debates in democratic theory, including the question of whether a demos fundamentally requires unity or difference; the exclusions and marginalizations that are both the premises and outcomes of a founding moment; and finally the matter of whether the political can be defined and determined in advance of human political undertaking, or if it is always contingent upon human activities themselves. I argue that Arendt's concept of World (and not action) can offer a substantive intervention into all of these points of contestation, particularly the latter. The theoretical criteria of Arendtian Worldliness, particularly its twin counterparts, plurality and commonality, productively unsettle various concepts of 'The Political' that constrain more than enable democratic possibilities, and attune our critical gazes toward 'small p' democratic politics.
Calcite inclusions in forsterite

Forsterite in metamorphosed siliceous dolomites commonly contains calcite inclusions that are significantly more magnesian than even the most-magnesian calcite grains in the matrix of the same rock. Calcite inclusions in forsterite from dolomite-bearing rocks therefore have an unexploited potential for providing more-accurate estimates of the peak T of metamorphism than do matrix calcite grains. Some consequences for estimating fluid pressure and for the development of models of heat and fluid transport during contact metamorphism are reviewed. Measured compositions of calcite inclusions in forsterite from five contact aureoles indicate that significant growth of forsterite grains continues over a 50–200 °C range in T after the initial nucleation and growth of the mineral during heterogeneous mineral-fluid reaction. The continued growth may occur by an annealing mechanism driven by reduction in interfacial free energy.
The effects of functional writing contingencies on second graders' writing and responding accurately to mathematical algorithms

We tested the effects of a functional writing protocol on the accurate functional and structural responses in mathematical algorithms written and read by 6 typically developing 2 nd grade students using a delayed pre- and post-experimental probe design. the participants wrote an algorithm on how to solve word problems and observed their peer completing the steps written in the algorithm. A yoked-contingency game board was implemented in which both the participants and the peers could move up on the game board if the peer was able to solve the word problem based on the participant’s written algorithm. the results showed an increase in the number of functionally accurate written algorithms written by the writers as a function of the procedure.
Reduction of Fecundity and Egg Hatch in Three Stored-Product Phycitid Moths After Repetitive Sublethal Carbon Dioxide Exposures

Three stored-product phycitid moths were exposed 2 hours daily for 6 days to atmospheres containing about 96% CO2, Egg hatch was completely eliminated in the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), and was less than 2% in the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). Carbon dioxide was slightly less effective in preventing egg hatch in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). A large reduction in oviposition occurred in all 3 species.
American Nuclear Energy Policy, 1945–1990: A Review Essay

Political scientists have often referred to core decision-making groups in American politics as “policy communities” or, more popularly, as “the iron triangle.” Invariably, they are describing the interaction patterns of specialists in the executive and legislative branches of government and in the private sector who devote primary attention to the initiation and implementation of public policy in a particular issue area. In large measure the groups are depicted as having close-knit working relationships that result from frequent interaction, similarity in information sources and commonality in ideological predisposition. Perceptive observers such as Hedrick Smith, however, have pointed out that in some policy arenas there are critics who are not part of what is usually regarded as the cozy establishment network. These he has referred to as “dissident triangles” or rival networks that compete with varying degrees of success in the process.
Research on the mal-operation prevention in substation based on the three-states topological algorithm

The condition of electrification is considered in the anti-operation locking judgment of substation primary equipment,as well as the equipment ground.By the network analysis topology control algorithm,the running states of the equipment such as the live state,the blackout state,and the grounded state can be timely computed.The method contains three states topological model and calculation steps.It analyzes the application of algorithm in five-anti judgement.Combining with IEC61850 standard,it describes the implementation of the algorithm in the substation automation system.It determines the mistake operation using network topology calculation.The logic interlocking rules are simple,and it is easy to implement.The mal-operation prevention judgements are generic,so it can avoid the missing settings or incorrect settings of operation interlocking rules effectively.
97 A CASE PRESENTATION OF TESTICULAR LYMPHOMA.

Methods A 43-year-old African American male presented with a 3-month history of painless enlargement of his right testicle. On physical exam, a firm, 5 cm mass was palpated in the right testis. The patient underwent a right radical orchiectomy. Results The specimen submitted to pathology was a 9 3 8 3 6.5 cm mass, with almost complete replacement of testicular parenchyma. Final results revealed the tumor to be a primary testicular lymphoma. An ultrasound of the opposite testis was performed, which was normal. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were also negative for disease. CT chest/abdomen/pelvis and MRI brain following the radical orchiectomy showed no evidence of disease. This patient is currently being treated with Cytoxan, vincristine, Adriamycin, and prednisone (CHOP chemotherapy), along with Rituxan, given that the tumor was strongly CD20 positive. He is also receiving intrathecal methotrexate prophylactically, and plans are for testicular radiation therapy when chemotherapy is completed. Conclusions Testicular lymphoma is exceedingly rare in a person of this age. It comprises approximately 5% of all testicular neoplasms and is the most common primary testicular neoplasm in men over the age of 60. Patients typically present with painless testicular enlargement. At presentation, two-thirds of cases are confined to the testis alone. It is the most common bilateral testicular neoplasm, involving the contralateral testis in approximately 20%. Other sites of spread include the CNS, skin, and Waldeyer9s ring. The majority are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Initial staging should include ultrasound of the contralateral testis, and if a mass is seen it should be assumed to be lymphoma. CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, MRI brain, bone marrow aspirate/biopsy, and diagnostic LP also must be performed. Testicular lymphoma is associated with a poor prognosis and early distant spread. Median survival reported in most series is less than 1 year, with less than 20% of patients surviving 5 years. Treatment is with combination chemotherapy and radiation to the involved testis if resection is not performed. Given the propensity for early spread of this disease, radiation therapy should be given to the contralateral testis, and CNS prophylaxis should also be considered.