cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Electronic Teaching Module for Improving Knowledge of Self-Management of Vaso-Occlusive Pain Crises in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Pilot Questionnaire Study.

Background: For patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), effective management of vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) is integral to provision of care, as nearly all affected individuals will suffer from VOCs in their lifetime. A recent systematic review of technological interventions to improve self-management in the care of SCD concluded that electronic health has the potential to improve the care of individuals with SCD. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the value of an electronic teaching module (ETM) provided by Emmi Solutions for educating adult SCD patients on VOC self-management and treatment options for SCD. Methods: A pretest assessed adults with SCD for baseline knowledge with regard to self-management of VOCs. Participants then watched the 35-min ETM and completed a posttest and survey on the ETM. Results: A total of 20 adults enrolled. Their knowledge scores improved (pretest median 66.5% and posttest median 85%; P<.001). In total, 18 participants (18/20, 90%) agreed that they “learned a lot” or “learned something” from the ETM. The most common topic about which they reported learning was hydroxyurea. A total of 12 participants (12/20, 60%) agreed with the statement that they “would recommend the module to a friend or family member with sickle cell disease.” Conclusions: The ETM is associated with an increase in knowledge in patients with SCD. Limitations of the study include small sample size, no assessment of knowledge before premodule questionnaire completion, and no longitudinal follow-up. Identifying patients with SCD who demonstrate affinity for self-education via an ETM may further enhance utility of this tool to educate and empower patients.
Facilitating industrial symbiosis to achieve circular economy using value-added by design: A case study in transforming the automobile industry sheet metal waste-flow into Voronoi facade systems

Abstract Today, a significant portion of steel production worldwide is coming from recycling practices. It is inevitable that the smelting process during steel recycling operations is expensive and consumes a tremendous amount of energy. Therefore, hypothetically, direct reuse of steel materials without smelting can be environmentally and economically advantageous over recycling. In this article, an innovative recovering path for size-specific sheet metal scrap from the automobile industry is being proposed. The idea is to directly use the sizable sheet metal scrap generated from the car-body manufacturing process in the automobile industry to design and fabricate new metal facade systems for buildings’ exteriors. An empirical case study was conducted, which is being presented to illustrate the benefits of reusing steel scrap over recycling with the same material using quantitative analysis. The required capital cost and energy consumption of generating a building metal facade system were evaluated. The results showed that reusing the sheet metal scrap over conventional recycling of the same material would lead to a cost reduction of approximately 40% (400 $/ton) and savings of approximately 67% (10 MJ/kg) of energy consumption. The tested concept promotes an innovative industrial symbiosis between the auto industry and the building and construction industry through creating a secondary closed supply-chain loop to achieve both circular economy and energy savings through adding value by design.
Peripheral HUD Alerting and Driving Performance

We examined driving performance using the Lane Change Test combined with a Peripheral Detection Task (PDT) that approximated stimuli crossing in front of the driver’s vehicle, in order to measure performance on driving and critical event detection. For the PDT task, critical events were signaled by either a color cue, a flashing cue or combination color-flashing cue. These were compared to a no-cue condition. Driving performance and event detection were measured. All effects of the PDT on driving performance were nonsignificant. Color cues significantly reduced reaction time, but flashing cues increased reaction time. These results indicate that cues to events in the driver’s periphery did not impair driving performance, at least for the simple driving task used here. Moreover, color cueing by itself was more effective than either flashing or color-flashing cues in detecting peripheral events.
Estimation of mediation effect for high-dimensional omics mediators with application to the framingham heart study

SUMMARY Environmental exposures can regulate intermediate molecular phenotypes, such as gene expression, by different mechanisms and thereby lead to various health outcomes. It is of significant scientific interest to unravel the role of potentially high-dimensional intermediate phenotypes in the relationship between environmental exposure and traits. Mediation analysis is an important tool for investigating such relationships. However, it has mainly focused on low-dimensional settings, and there is a lack of a good measure of the total mediation effect. Here, we extend an R-squared (Rsq) effect size measure, originally proposed in the single-mediator setting, to the moderate- and high-dimensional mediator settings in the mixed model framework. Based on extensive simulations, we compare our measure and estimation procedure with several frequently used mediation measures, including product, proportion, and ratio measures. Our Rsq measure has small bias and variance under the correctly specified model. To mitigate potential bias induced by non-mediators, we examine two variable selection procedures, i.e., iterative sure independence screening and false discovery rate control, to exclude the non-mediators. We evaluate the consistency of the proposed estimation procedures and introduce a resampling-based confidence interval. By applying the proposed estimation procedure, we find that more than half of the aging-related variations in systolic blood pressure can be explained by gene expression profiles in the Framingham Heart Study.
Partial Cystectomy for Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis of the Bladder with Cystotomy Repair

Video Objective To demonstrate safe surgical technique and management of partial bladder cystectomy and simple cystotomy repair due to deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) using the Xi DaVinci robot. Setting A 32yo patient with dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia found to have DIE of the bladder undergoing surgical management at a large academic center. Interventions The bladder lesion was initially found on preoperative MRI and confirmed during robotic assisted surgery. The lesion was felt to be full thickness and required partial bladder cystectomy for adequate excision of the implant. The DaVinci robot was used to remove the lesion with good margins. The resulting cystotomy repair was repaired, with good seal noted when the bladder was backfilled and on cystoscopy. A foley catheter was maintained for 7 days postoperatively and removed after a cystogram showing adequate bladder recovery. Conclusion Deeply infiltrating endometriosis of the bladder is rare but can be safely managed with laparoscopic partial bladder cystectomy and cystotomy repair. Adequate preoperative planning and thorough inspection of the lesion during surgery can assist with full removal of the lesion, which improves patient symptoms and decreases incidence of recurrence.
Robert Chambers and Thomas Henry Huxley, Science Correspondents: The Popularization and Dissemination of Nineteenth Century Natural Science

Robert Chambers and Thomas Henry Huxley helped popularize science by writing for general interest publications when science was becoming increasingly professionalized. A non-professional, Chambers used his family-owned Chambers' Edinburgh Journal to report on scientific discoveries, giving his audience access to ideas that were only available to scientists who regularly attended professional meetings or read published transactions of such forums. He had no formal training in the sciences and little interest in advancing the professional status of scientists; his course of action was determined by his disability and interest in scientific phenomena. His skillful reporting enabled readers to learn how the ideas that flowed from scientific innovation affected their lives, and his series of article in the Journal presenting his rudimentary ideas on evolution, served as a prelude to his important popular work, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. Huxley, an example of the new professional class of scientists, defended science and evolution from attacks by religious spokesmen and other opponents of evolution, informing the British public about science through his lectures and articles in such publications as Nineteenth Century. He understood that by popularizing scientific information, he could effectively challenge the old Tory establishment -- with its orthodox religious and political views -- and promote the ideas of the new class of professional scientists. In attempting to transform British society, he frequently came in conflict with theologians and others on issues in which science and religion seemed to contradict each other but refused to discuss matters of science with non-professionals like Chambers, whose popular writing struck a more resonant chord with working class readers.
Methamphetamine Use and Its Correlates among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder in a Midwestern U.S. City.

Background: U.S. is experiencing a surging trend of methamphetamine use among individuals who use opioids. More research is needed to characterize this emerging “twin epidemic.” Objectives: The stu...
Surface Electromagnetics: With Applications in Antennas, Microwave, and Optical Engineering [Book Review]

This book review reports about the applications of surface electromagnetics in antenna, microwave and optical engineering.
Narrative Inquiry and Content Analysis

Upon review of the Slave Narratives, this narrative inquiry is intended not only to inform us of the lives of ex-slaves but also to examine the author's collection of the participants' voices. (Creswell & Poth, 2016) Based on categories established through content analysis, I will explain the perception of lived experiences and participants' views regarding being a slave, the message that their narratives relay, and the voice of the participants as opposed to the author.
Machines Develop Consciousness Through Autonomous Programming for General Purposes (APFGP)

Consider a question, “Can machines be conscious?” The subject “consciousness” is vague and challenging. Although there has been a rich collection of literature on consciousness, computational modeling of consciousness that is both holistic in scope and detailed in simulatable computation is lacking. Based on recent advances on a new capability—Autonomous Programming For General Purposes (APFGP)—this work presents APFGP as a clearer, deeper and more practical characterization of consciousness, for natural (biological) and artificial (machine) systems. All animals have APFGP but traditional AI systems do not. This work reports a new kind of AI systems—conscious machines. Instead of arguing what static tasks a conscious machine should be able to do, this work suggests that APFGP is a computationally clearer and necessary criterion for us to dynamically judge whether a system can become maturely conscious through lifelong development, even if it (e.g., a fruit fly) does not have a full array of primate like capabilities such as vision, audition, and natural language understanding. The results here involve a series of new concepts and experimental studies for vision, audition, and natural languages with new developmental capabilities that are not present in many published systems, e.g., IBM Deep Blue, IBM Watson, AlphaGo, AlphaFold and other traditional AI systems and intelligent robots.
Systems Thinking and STEM/Technical Training: How to use a Holistic View to Prevent End-to-End System Problems

I was challenged by Rocky Avvento and Eric Sudano at the 2019 IEEE ISEC conference to expand their discussion of Systems Thinking (targeting K-12 students) and mine regarding STEM Education to cover how these holistic design methodologies apply to Vocational - Technical Training. A holistic design process is utilized by engineers subconsciously, but is one of the most important things to teach to young technical students. This paper will present several operationally-relevant models of “systems” to help the reader understand the concept and, potentially, use it in his/her own designs. The Challenge is that there must be a way of looking at Systems that gives the Engineer/Technician a broad view of its overall working constraints and the interactions of its component parts. Systems Thinking is just that type of technique.
High-burnup fuel stress analysis prior to and during a LOCA transient

Abstract High-burnup fuel fragmentation and pulverization have been experimentally observed during simulated loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) transient testing of high-burnup (>62 GWd/tU) nuclear fuel. The cause of this phenomenon is generally accepted to be the formation of stresses arising from the off-normal conditions. However, the primary mechanism(s) contributing to the stress formation is/are still being debated. Leading hypotheses suggest that the concurrence of fission gas bubbles and high burnup structure on the pellet periphery (i.e., the rim) leave the fuel susceptible to pulverization. Other hypotheses suggest that pulverization is artificially inflated during externally heated tests that do not reproduce prototypic fuel stresses and radial temperature profiles as the fuel transitions from full-power nuclear heating to decay heating. This work performs finite element analyses of fuel pellet temperatures and macroscopic stresses prior to and during a LOCA transient to identify (1) operating conditions that may exacerbate the fuel pellet stress state, (2) differences in predicted stresses with nuclear vs. furnace heating, and (3) how fuel cracking impacts the subsequent stress state in the pellet fragments. Analyses predict that macroscopic transient fuel stresses resulting from constrained thermal expansion will remain below the fracture stress of fresh UO2 once the fragment size reaches ~4 mm or less. Calculated fuel stresses from simulated LOCA tests performed with representative nuclear vs. electrical heating rates are shown to be equal within 5% and essentially unchanged for all times after the first 27 seconds of the transients. Because the fuel stresses do not change once the temperature profile becomes uniform, macroscopic transient stresses would be no different than those following a normal shutdown. Because pulverization of high burnup fuel does not occur prior to a LOCA test, pulverization of high burnup UO2 cannot be initiated by differential thermal stresses.
OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) Evidence-Based Therapy

Since 2010, there has been meaningful progress in the development of available therapeutics to treat patients diagnosed with chronic migraine (CM). While there is no cure for migraines, OnabotulinumtoxinA (OBTA), commonly known as Botox®, is a prominent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drug that is injected into seven major muscle groups throughout the head and neck – corrugator, procerus, frontalis, temporalis, occipitalis, cervical paraspinal muscle group, and trapezius – of patients diagnosed with CM by a board-certified physician. The published scientific evidence referenced in this chapter – retrospective, case series, and prospective clinical trials – demonstrates that patients responsive to OBTA therapy report a significant improvement in the frequency, intensity, duration of migraines, and overall quality of life (improved sleep, functionality, depression, and anxiety). While the exact mechanism of action and presence of nonresponders to treatment are still under investigation, longitudinal evidence suggests that OBTA maintains a good safety profile and long-term effectiveness with multiple treatment cycles.
A Twenty-First-Century Teach-In for Inclusion and Justice: Co-curriculum at the Intersections of Scholarship, Activism, and Civic Engagement

The frequency and brutality of social injustices played out upon the personal, local, national, and global levels prompted a response from faculty and staff at Benedictine University that took the form of a Teach-In on Social Justice. It is presented here as a model to address the need for social justice education through high-impact learning practices, particularly for underrepresented and at-risk students. The Teach-In has developed into a co-curricular structure embedded within the university culture, and its annual program draws over 1,000 students, faculty, and staff on a racially and religiously diverse campus. Mission-centric and tied to the formal general education curriculum learning goals, the Teach-In is a collaborative undertaking of both the academic/curricular and student life areas of the university. This Teach-In model integrates scholarship, activism, and civic engagement with the goal of individual transformation and structural reform within the institution. In addition to conveying the mechanics of the Teach-In and arguing for its value as a permanent, institutional co-curricular structure, this chapter situates the Teach-In within influential discourses of social justice education concerning critical pedagogy, twenty-first-century liberal education, and US women of color feminism.
WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ESTATES Administrators and Executors: Authorize a Trustee to Express a Choice on Behalf of the Beneficiaries of an Inter Vivos Pourover Trust

The Act provides that a trustee of an inter vivos trust which is a beneficiary under a will, having an interest in the appointment of the administrator with will annexed, as well as a trustee of a trust created by a will, shall be authorized to express a choice on behalf of the beneficiaries of the trust.
Purification of Bayes Nash equilibrium with correlated types and interdependent payoffs

Abstract We establish purification results for Bayes–Nash equilibrium in a large class of Bayesian games with finite sets of pure actions. We allow for correlated types and interdependent payoffs and for type-dependent feasible action sets. The latter feature allows us to prove existence and purification results for pure Bayes–Nash equilibria in undominated strategies. We give applications to auctions, global games, and voting to illustrate the usefulness of our results.
Coding patient information, reimbursement for care, and the ICD transition.

The use of coded patient data for reimbursement purposes can tempt clinicians to exaggerate the severity of the patient's condition, skewing the accuracy of the data and interfering with clinical decision support and research.
Aerobic Power, Estimation of Physical Ability, and Attraction to Physical Activity

Abstract This investigation consisted of two studies. The purpose of Study 1 was to examine the associations between estimation of physical ability, attraction to physical activity, and aerobic power in young adult males (N = 30) and females (N = 30). The findings were in general agreement with Sonstroem's physical activity model in that estimation of physical ability and actual physical fitness as measured by [Vdot]O2 maximum were significantly correlated (p < .05) for both males (r = .369) and females (r = .326). However, the previously reported association between attraction and fitness was not confirmed; this presumably resulted from the definition of physical fitness as a physiological entity (i.e. peak [Vdot]O2) in the present study as contrasted with performance-based measures of fitness employed in earlier studies. With this in mind, Study 2 was conducted to examine the associations between estimation, attraction, and a performance-based measure of aerobic power — the 12-minute run. A significant ...
Synaptic concentration of type-I adenylyl cyclase in cerebellar neurons.

Specific subcellular targeting and spatial arrangement of signaling molecules are important for efficient signal transduction. The neuro-specific type-I adenylyl cyclase (AC1) is stimulated by Ca2+, and plays an essential role in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. We generated hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged AC1 to study its subcellular localization in cultured neurons. The HA-tagged AC1 has similar enzymatic activity and regulatory properties to that of non-tagged protein. HA-AC1 targeted to both apical and basolateral domains in the epithelial Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and it was found in both axons and dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons as well as in cerebellar granule neurons. Interestingly, AC1 showed a distinct punctate form of immunostaining in MDCK cells and transfected neurons, suggesting it targets to specific subcellular domains. By immunostaining with different synaptic markers, we found that AC1 puncta were located at the excitatory synapses in cerebellar granule neurons. Our data provide a possible cellular mechanism for the physiological role of AC1 in neuroplasticity.
On the Positive Solutions of the Free-Boundary Problem for Emden-Fowler Type Equations

Let Ω be a smooth, bounded and connected domain in R n. In this paper, we consider the following boundary value problem: $$\left\{ \begin{gathered} \Delta u + f\left( u \right) = 0 in \Omega , \hfill \\ u > 0 in \Omega , \hfill \\ u = \tfrac{{\partial u}}{{\partial n}} = 0 on \partial \Omega . \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right. $$ (1.1) .
Ionization sources and mass analyzers in MS imaging

Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicology study is one important step in drug discovery and development. MS imaging has become one of the popular methods in this field. Here, selected ionization methods such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, secondary ion MS and desorption electrospray ionization have been briefly discussed. To differentiate drug and drug metabolites from endogenous compounds present in the biological system, exact mass and/or tandem MS is necessary. As a result, mass analyzers such as time-of-flight, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance or Orbitrap are often the method of choice and are briefly introduced.
TRISS methodology in trauma: the need for alternatives

Background Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) methodology has become a standard tool for evaluating the performance of trauma centres and identifying cases for critical review. Recent work has identified several limitations and questioned the validity of the methodology in certain types of trauma. Methods The usefulness and limitations of the TRISS methodology were evaluated in an urban trauma centre. Trauma registry data of 5445 patients with major trauma were analysed with respect to 30 demographic, prehospital, injury severity and hospitalization attributes. The performance of TRISS was measured primarily by the percentage of misclassifications, including false positives and false negatives, comparing the survival status predicted by TRISS with the true status. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were also measured for subgroups defined by the 30 attributes. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant independent factors related to the performance of TRISS. Results The overall misclassification rate was 4.3 per cent. However, in many subgroups of patients with severe trauma the misclassification rate was very high: 34 per cent in patients older than 54 years with Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 20; 29 per cent in those with fall injuries and ISS above 20; 29 per cent in patients with injuries involving four or more body areas and ISS greater than 20; 28.6 per cent in patients with injuries needing admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and ISS greater than 20; 26.4 per cent in patients in severe distress before reaching hospital with ISS greater than 20; and 26.1 per cent in patients whose ISS score was above 20 and who had complications in hospital. Conclusion The TRISS methodology has major limitations in many subgroups of patients, especially in severe trauma. In its present form TRISS has no useful role in major urban trauma centres. Its use should be seriously reconsidered, if not abandoned.
Structural basis for Mob1-dependent activation of the core Mst–Lats kinase cascade in Hippo signaling

The Mst-Lats kinase cascade is central to the Hippo tumor-suppressive pathway that controls organ size and tissue homeostasis. The adaptor protein Mob1 promotes Lats activation by Mst, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that human Mob1 binds to autophosphorylated docking motifs in active Mst2. This binding enables Mob1 phosphorylation by Mst2. Phosphorylated Mob1 undergoes conformational activation and binds to Lats1. We determine the crystal structures of phospho-Mst2-Mob1 and phospho-Mob1-Lats1 complexes, revealing the structural basis of both phosphorylation-dependent binding events. Further biochemical and functional analyses demonstrate that Mob1 mediates Lats1 activation through dynamic scaffolding and allosteric mechanisms. Thus, Mob1 acts as a phosphorylation-regulated coupler of kinase activation by virtue of its ability to engage multiple ligands. We propose that stepwise, phosphorylation-triggered docking interactions of nonkinase elements enhance the specificity and robustness of kinase signaling cascades.
TECHNOLOGY AND VOTER INTENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE CALIFORNIA RECALL ELECTION

Abstract Conventional evaluations of voting systems focus on ballots for which no vote can be recorded (that is, “residual” votes). However, recorded votes that misrepresent voter intent are another potentially important, but less easily measured, source of error. I present evidence that a nontrivial number of voters in the recent California recall election mistakenly voted for one of the four candidates positioned next to the two major candidates on the ballot. I also find that punch-card systems significantly increased the frequency of these errors. These results indicate that future assessments of voting technologies should consider their effects on both recorded and residual votes.
Sensors for High-Throughput Materials Characterization: 24-channel Array of Quartz Crystal Microbalances

We have developed a multichannel materials characterization system based on thickness-shear mode (TSM) sensors, also known as quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). The sensors are arranged as a 6 × 4 array that is compatible with available 24-well plates that can be manipulated with standard robotic equipment. Our sensor system can measure frequencies from 5 MHz to 20 MHz with a noise level of less than 0.1 Hz for a 1 sec acquisition interval. The sensors can be placed in a gas-flow-though cell for studies of vapor-sorption properties, or they can be immersed into a 24-well plate array for studies of materials solubility. The sensor array is connected to the measurement electronics through a multi-conductor cable, enabling the sensors to be operated in a temperature, pressure, or chemical environment, which would otherwise adversely affect the electronic stability. The 24-channel array has been applied to the screening of sensor materials for determination of chlorinated organic solvents at part per billion levels in groundwater wells. The primary screen is the discovery screen where materials are exposed to a single analyte concentration. The secondary screen is the focused evaluation where the best subset of these materials is exposed to analytes and interferences. The tertiary screen involves evaluation of material performance under conditions mimicking the long-term application. Six families of potential sensor materials were examined with rapid downselection by using this approach.
VHTR-Based Systems for Autonomous Co-Generation Applications

As highly efficient advanced nuclear systems, Generation IV Very High Temperature Reactors (VHTR) can be considered in a variety of configurations for electricity generation and process heat applications. Simultaneous delivery of electricity, low-temperature process heat (for potable water production, district heating, etc.) and high temperature process heat (for hydrogen production, etc.) by a single cogeneration system offers unique deployment options as “all-in-one” power stations. This paper is focused on the VHTR-based systems for autonomous co-generation applications. The analysis is being performed within the scope of the U.S. DOE NERI project on utilization of higher actinides (TRUs and partitioned MAs) as a fuel component for extended-life VHTR configurations. It accounts for system performance characteristics including VHTR physics features, control options and energy conversion efficiencies. Utilization of TRUs in VHTRs is explored to stabilize in-core fuel compositions (core self-stabilization) leading to extended single-batch OTTO (Once-Through-Then-Out) modes of operation without intermediate refueling.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Division of Labor and Queen Influence in Laboratory Colonies of Polistes metricus (Hymenoptera; Vespidae)

The role of the queen and her influence on worker behavior in laboratory colonies of the paper wasp Polistes metricus was investigated as part of a larger study designed to facilitate behavioral comparisons of this primitively eusocial wasp with the most studied eusocial bee Lasioglossum zephyrum. Queens of P. metricus were the most active individuals of the colonies and participated in all activities on the nest. Queens also accepted loads of prey from returned foragers more often than workers. Load receipts by queens of P. metricus were compared to forager leading behavior by queens of L. zephyrum. High rates of initial load acceptance may be one form of behavioral control of workers by queens. Zusammenfassung Die Arbeitsteilung zwischen der Konigin und den Arbeiterinnen geht bei Feldwespen weiter als bisher angenommen. Koniginnen beteiligten sich an allen bekannten Aktivitaten auf dem Nest: Sie tauschten haufiger als die Arbeiterinnen Nahrstoffe mit den Larven (Trophallaxis), bauten mehr Zellanlagen, beteiligten sich mehr am Weitergeben von Beute und von Baumaterial, zeigten haufiger die drei Formen von Vibrationsbewegungen, und sie verbrachten insgesamt mehr Zeit auf dem Nest als die typischen Arbeiterinnen. Allein die Koniginnen legen Eier. In der Regel verputzen die Arbeiterinnen haufiger den Neststiel und belecken ihn und das Nest haufiger. Als Erstempfanger werden diejenigen Individuen bezeichnet, die von heimkehrenden Sammelwespen direkt Beute oder Baumaterial ubernehmen. Koniginnen waren signifikant haufiger Erstempfanger als Arbeiterinnen; das wird mit dem Fuhrungsverhalten der Koniginnen bei Furchenbienen (Lasioglossum zephyrum) (BREED und GAMBOA 1977) verglichen. Die Koniginnen der Feldwespe P. metricus haben als dominante Erstempfangerinnen die Moglichkeit, die Art und die Intensitat des Verhaltens von Arbeiterinnen zu beeinflussen; das steht neben der Beeinflussung durch Pheromone. Rangordnungsbedingte Interaktionen zwischen Feldwespen (PARDI 1948; WEST EBERHARD 1969) sollten nicht nur im Zusammenhang mit der Evolution der Eusozialitat gesehen werden, sondern auch im Zusammenhang mit der Kolonieintegration und Arbeitsteilung, mit anderen Worten, als einer von mehreren Mechanismen der Verhaltenskontrolle der Arbeiterinnen durch die Koniginnen.
Ab Initio Study of Proton Transfers Including Effects of Electron Correlation

Proton transfers in a number of systems are investigated using ab initio molecular orbital methods. Calculations are carried out with several different basis sets ranging in size from 4–31G to 6–311G**. Electron correlation is included using Moller–Plesset (MP) perturbation theory to second and third orders. Enlargements of the basis set invariably lead to higher energy barriers to proton transfer, while substantial reductions result from inclusion of correlation effects. Application to (HOHOH)− of third-order MP theory with a triple-valence basis set augmented by polarization functions on oxygens and the central proton, denoted MP3/6–311G*(*), leads to excellent agreement with the results of Roos et al. whose calculations involved an extensive CI treatment with a large basis set. For equivalent hydrogen bond lengths, the transfer barrier in the cation (H2OHOH2)+ is nearly identical to that for the (HOHOH)− anion while the barrier in (H3NHNH3)+ is somewhat smaller. The reduction of the SCF barrier height resulting from inclusion of correlation is greater for (O2H3)− than for the above cations. The lowest energy structure of (O2H5)+ contains a symmetric hydrogen bond in which the proton is located midway between the two oxygens whereas asymmetric H bonds are found in the equilibrium geometries of (N2H7)+ and (S2H5)+. The difference in energy between the symmetric and asymmetric configurations of (O2H3)− is extremely small.
The Effect of Channeling on Home Care Utilization and Satisfaction With Care

This study examined the relationship between participation in two home and community-based long-term care case management interventions (collectively known as the Channeling demonstration), use of formal in-home care, and satisfaction with care. Maximum likelihood estimation techniques were used to analyze the National Long-Term Care Demonstration data set. It was hypothesized that participation in the two Channeling interventions would indirectly (rather than directly) enhance satisfaction by operating through the increased use of formal in-home care. However, both Channeling models were found to have favorable direct and indirect effects on patient satisfaction.
An Evidence-Based Systematic Review on Communication Treatments for Individuals With Right Hemisphere Brain Damage

Purpose The purpose of this review is to evaluate and summarize the research evidence related to the treatment of individuals with right hemisphere communication disorders. Method A comprehensive s...
Investigation of dual mode side and forward looking IVUS using a dual ring CMUT-on-CMOS array

Forward looking (FL) capability is desired in IVUS catheters to enable real time volumetric visualization of especially nearly or fully blocked arteries to guide interventions. The addition of side looking (SL) capability in the same catheter would be valuable to locate the device with respect to vessel walls and provide a conventional image to the clinicians. A single chip CMUT-on-CMOS array may provide both capabilities while enabling an extremely flexible catheter tip implementation. In this study, the combined side and forward viewing ability of the CMUT-on-CMOS IVUS array is investigated and initial experimental results are presented. To demonstrate SL imaging, we used a 20-MHz single chip dual-ring CMUT-on-CMOS array with 56 transmit and 48 receive elements fabricated on a 1.5-mm diameter 0.3-mm thick silicon donut. We placed four vertical wire targets close to the array plane and a front wire located above the same array. The frequency spectrums of the side and front targets have a center frequency of 12 MHz and 20 MHz, respectively. We also performed finite element method (FEM) simulations to obtain the frequency spectrums of the transient pressure signals at 0° and 90° which showed the same center frequencies. These results show promise for the viability of FLIVUS CMUT-on-CMOS device with dual mode side-forward looking imaging.
Hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y gene expression increases before the onset of the ovarian steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge.

Neuropeptide-Y (NPY), a hypothalamic peptide, is involved in stimulation of LHRH and LH surges during proestrus and those induced by ovarian steroids in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. The NPY neurons that reside in the arcuate nucleus of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and accumulate 17 beta-estradiol participate in the initiation of LHRH and LH surges. To determine whether NPY synthesis is altered in conjunction with the LH surge, we studied the dynamic changes in prepro-NPY mRNA levels in the MBH in association with the LH surge elicited by estradiol benzoate (EB) alone or by progesterone (P) in EB-primed ovx rats. Five days after ovariectomy, rats received oil or EB (30 micrograms/rat) at 1000 h on day 0. On day 2, these rats were injected with either oil or P (2 mg/rat) at 1000 h. Rats were killed before (1000 h) and at 2-h intervals after oil or P injection. The MBHs were dissected out and processed for determination of prepro-NPY mRNA levels by solution hybridization/RNase protection assay using a c...
The Inheritance Rights of Daughters: The Song Anomaly?

Scholars of Chinese legal and social history have long been intrigued by apparent evidence that daughters had stronger rights to family property during the Southern Song than at any other time in Chinese history before the twentieth century. The evidence comes from the Collection of Lucid Decisions by Celebrated Judges (Minggong shupan qingmingii, hereafter referred to as Qingmingii), a collection of 473 Southern Song judgments. A number of cases contained therein suggest that a daughter had the legal right to a set share of property half the size of a son's share at the time of family division and that she enjoyed a greater claim still if her father's household died out for lack of an heir. The subject was the focal point of a heated debate between Niida Noboru and Shiga Shuzo in the 1950s and 1960s (Niida, 1942, 1962; Shiga, 1953-55, 1967). At issue was not only the rights of daughters, but what they reveal about the nature of family property and the relationship between property inheritance and ritual/lineal succession in imperial China. Following in the tradition of his mentor, Nakata Kaoru, Niida contends that family property was jointly owned by all members of the household, male or female (kazoku kyyosansei). It was this coownership, not any principle of ritual or lineal succession, that dictated
Microtesla MRI of the human brain combined with MEG

Abstract One of the challenges in functional brain imaging is integration of complementary imaging modalities, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MEG, which uses highly sensitive superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to directly measure magnetic fields of neuronal currents, cannot be combined with conventional high-field MRI in a single instrument. Indirect matching of MEG and MRI data leads to significant co-registration errors. A recently proposed imaging method—SQUID-based microtesla MRI—can be naturally combined with MEG in the same system to directly provide structural maps for MEG-localized sources. It enables easy and accurate integration of MEG and MRI/fMRI, because microtesla MR images can be precisely matched to structural images provided by high-field MRI and other techniques. Here we report the first images of the human brain by microtesla MRI, together with auditory MEG (functional) data, recorded using the same seven-channel SQUID system during the same imaging session. The images were acquired at 46 μT measurement field with pre-polarization at 30 mT. We also estimated transverse relaxation times for different tissues at microtesla fields. Our results demonstrate feasibility and potential of human brain imaging by microtesla MRI. They also show that two new types of imaging equipment—low-cost systems for anatomical MRI of the human brain at microtesla fields, and more advanced instruments for combined functional (MEG) and structural (microtesla MRI) brain imaging—are practical.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Chronic Disease Risk in the Women’S Health Initiative: is Timing Everything?

ABSTRACT Objective This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent findings from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy (HT) trials and highlights the role of age and other clinical risk factors in risk stratification. Methods We review the findings on cardiovascular disease, cancer outcomes, all-cause mortality, and other major endpoints in the two WHI HT trials (conjugated equine estrogens [CEEs, 0.625 mg/day] with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate [MPA, 2.5 mg/day]). Results The hazard ratio (HR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.45) in the CEE + MPA trial and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.14) in the CEE-alone trial. In both HT trials, there was an increased risk of stroke and deep vein thrombosis and a lower risk of hip fractures and diabetes. The HT regimens had divergent effects on breast cancer. CEE + MPA increased breast cancer risk (cumulative HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.48), whereas CEE alone had a protective effect (cumulative HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97). The absolute risks of HT were low in younger women (ages 50 to 59 years) and those who were within 10 years of menopause onset. Furthermore, for CHD, the risks were elevated for women with metabolic syndrome or high low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol concentrations but not in women without these risk factors. Factor V Leiden genotype was associated with elevated risk of venous thromboembolism on HT. Conclusion HT has a complex pattern of benefits and risks. Women in early menopause have low absolute risks of chronic disease outcomes on HT. Use of HT for management of menopausal symptoms remains appropriate, and risk stratification will help to identify women in whom benefits would be expected to outweigh risks. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:1201-1213)
Spontaneous variability of arterial oxygenation in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients

Objective: To assess the magnitude of spontaneous variability of arterial oxygenation and oxygen tension-based indices over time in medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to study whether high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or inverse inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratio ventilation (IRV) results in a greater variability than low PEEP with conventiona l I:E ratio ventilation. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Medical ICU in a tertiary medical center. Participants: 23 patients requiring a pulmonary artery floating catheter for hemodynamic monitoring. Intervention: After being completely sedated, patients were randomized to receive pressure-control ventilation at setting A: high PEEP (15 cmH2O) with conventional I:E ratio (1:2) and setting B: inverse I:E ratio (2:1) with low PEEP (5 cmH2O) alternately, and then at setting C: low PEEP (5 cmH2O) with conventional I:E ratio (1:2). Each ventilation setting lasted 1 h. Measurements and results: The arterial and mixed venous blood samples were measured simultaneously at baseline (time 0), and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter. The coefficient of variation (CV) of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) over time was 5.9 % for setting A, 7.2 % for setting B, and 6.9 % for setting C. ANOVA showed no significant differences in CVs of PaO2 between the three settings. Oxygen tension-based indices, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) and PaO2/PAO2 (alveolar oxygen tension), displayed CV s equal to that of PaO2; the CV of A-aDO2/PaO2 was significantly greater than that of PaO2. Conclusions: In critically ill medical ICU patients, despite sedation, the spontaneous variability in PaO2 over time is substantial. A high PEEP or IRV does not contribute to the increased variation in PaO2.
Neutron Cross Sections and Scattering Lengths of Cu 63 and Cu 65

It is of interest to know whether the thermal-neutron scattering lengths of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ or ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$ are significantly different from natural copper. From measurements of the intensity of the (111) reflections of natural and isotopically enriched samples, the scattering lengths of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, and natural Cu are found to be (+0.672\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm, (+1.109\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm, and (+0.790\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.023)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm, respectively.The incoherent and absorption cross sections for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$ are deduced from the values of the cross sections of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ and natural copper. The (spin) incoherent cross sections of the two isotopes are zero within the accuracy of the data and the incoherent cross section of natural copper is 0.4004\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1416 barn. The absorption cross sections for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, and natural Cu are $(2.512\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.058)\ensuremath{\lambda}$, $(1.459\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.144)\ensuremath{\lambda}$, and $(2.1728\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0182)\ensuremath{\lambda}$ barns, respectively, where $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is in angstroms.
6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of rat locus coeruleus alter brain glucose consumption, as measured by the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose tracer technique

Abstract The pattern of altered brain glucose consumption which results from unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the locus coeruleus in albino rats is described. Glucose consumption was estimated using the 2-deoxy-D-[ 14 C]glucose technique, which allows for the simultaneous, in vivo determination of the rates of glucose consumption of individual structures within the brain. The unilateral lesions resulted in a relative increase of the glucose consumption of the cerebellar hemisphere and midline cerebellar vermis. In the hemisphere, the increase was bilateral and was relatively greater in the granular layer than in the molecular layer.
EXPLAINING LONGITUDINAL HYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION USING VARIANCE OF PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

Hydrodynamic dispersion is responsible for spreading of dissolved mass within a single phase in porous media. It typically arises because of variability in local flow velocities. Because the pattern of spreading by dispersion is similar to Fickian diffusion, dispersion has been traditionally modeled as a pseudo-diffusive process that depends on the concentration gradient. However, there is no physical basis for this dependence of dispersion on concentration gradient. This unphysical formulation of dispersive flux has led to a number of major shortcomings including (a) lack of a self-consistent, mechanistic, and independent approach for predicting dispersion coefficient; and (b) dependence of the dispersion coefficient on transport distance. In this paper we show that the shape of dispersive spreading can be described using a model based on a variably sized bundle of capillaries and purely advective transport. The model suggests that dispersion can be described in terms of the variance of the pore size distribution only. Breakthrough curves of the proposed model can be exactly matched with the traditional diffusive-type dispersion model. By utilizing this equivalence, we derived relationships between the traditional dispersivity coefficient, pore size variance, and transport distance. The plausibility of the proposed expressions was tested using three illustrative examples that compare aspects of the proposed model with measurements obtained from the literature.
A regularity theorem for minimizers of real-analytic subriemannian metrics

We prove, for real-analytic subriemannian metrics, that if a trajectory parametrized by arc-length is an arc-length minimizer, then the trajectory is real-analytic on an open dense subset of its interval of definition.
Feline hyperparathyroidism: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary disease.

Practical relevance:Hyperparathyroidism exists in primary and secondary forms. Primary hyperparathyroidism has typically been considered a disease that uncommonly affects cats, but this condition i...