cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No family left behind: Flexibility i-deals for employees with stigmatized family identities:

Most contemporary employers offer some policies to facilitate work–family (WF) balance for their employees. However, do the policies designed to help everyone suffice for unique employees with stig...
Predicting the Reproducibility of Social and Behavioral Science Papers Using Supervised Learning Models.

In recent years, significant effort has been invested verifying the reproducibility and robustness of research claims in social and behavioral sciences (SBS), much of which has involved resource-intensive replication projects. In this paper, we investigate prediction of the reproducibility of SBS papers using machine learning methods based on a set of features. We propose a framework that extracts five types of features from scholarly work that can be used to support assessments of reproducibility of published research claims. Bibliometric features, venue features, and author features are collected from public APIs or extracted using open source machine learning libraries with customized parsers. Statistical features, such as p-values, are extracted by recognizing patterns in the body text. Semantic features, such as funding information, are obtained from public APIs or are extracted using natural language processing models. We analyze pairwise correlations between individual features and their importance for predicting a set of human-assessed ground truth labels. In doing so, we identify a subset of 9 top features that play relatively more important roles in predicting the reproducibility of SBS papers in our corpus. Results are verified by comparing performances of 10 supervised predictive classifiers trained on different sets of features.
Magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) is a viable alternative to liver biopsy for steatosis quantification in living liver donor transplantation.

This study aimed to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) can be a viable noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for the quantification of living liver donor steatosis. Hepatic steatosis for 143 donors was graded by MRI-PDFF. Study endpoints included liver volume regeneration in donors, recipient outcomes including length of hospital stay, deaths, primary non-function (PNF), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and small for size syndrome (SFSS). Correlation between MRI-PDFF determined donor steatosis and endpoints were analyzed. Donors had lower steatosis grade than non-donors. Donor remnant liver regenerated to an average of 82% of pre-donation volume by 101 ± 24 days with no complications. There was no correlation between percent liver regeneration and steatosis severity. Among recipients, 4 underwent redo-transplantation and 6 died, with no association with degree of steatosis. 52 recipients (36%) fulfilled criteria for EAD (driven by INR), with no difference in hepatic steatosis between groups. MRI-PDFF reliably predicted donor outcomes. Living donors with no or mild steatosis based on MRI-PDFF (ie, <20%) and meeting other criteria for donation can expect favorable post-surgical outcomes, including liver regeneration. Recipients had a low rate of death or retransplantation with no association between mild hepatic steatosis and EAD.
Mg/Ca ratios in ostracode genera Sarsicytheridea and Paracyprideis: A potential paleotemperature proxy for Arctic and subarctic continental shelf and slope waters

Abstract We evaluate the potential utility of Mg/Ca in the ostracode genera Sarsicytheridea and Paracyprideis as a paleotemperature proxy for continental shelf and upper slope waters of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. Using sediment core-top and surface sediment samples, shells of three species, S. bradii, S. punctillata, and P. pseudopunctillata, were analyzed from Arctic Ocean sites in water depth from 7 to 200 m and bottom-water temperatures (BWT) of −1.5 °C to 12 °C. Mg/Ca values range from 4 to 9 mmol/mol. These results are in excellent agreement with the range of Mg/Ca obtained in a previous study ( Ingram, 1998 ) of shells of Sarsicytheridea from the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean region with BWT ranging from 1 to 11.4 °C. Unlike this study of Sarsicytheridea, and work on the Arctic ostracode marine genus Krithe showing strong correlations between Mg/Ca and BWT, analysis of Mg/Ca in this study are not correlated with BWT below 0 °C. We hypothesize that this primarily has to do with uncertainty regarding the actual ambient BWT at the time of shell secretion. As with many continental shelf sites, individual sites used in the study have large interannual and seasonal variations in BWT (≥5–8 °C). Thus, there is difficulty in assigning a shell secretion temperature and assessing the utility of Sarsicytheridea Mg/Ca ratios as a paleotemperature proxy below 0 °C. The calibration of Mg/Ca results from temperatures above 0 °C justifies continued evaluation of this potential paleothermometer for Arctic continental shelf and upper slope environments.
Handling Uncertainty in Predictive Business Process Monitoring with Bayesian Networks

Process mining is a growing and promising study area that enables business processes analysis based on their observed behaviour recorded in event logs. Since process mining is a relatively new research area, there are still several challenges, especially related to the emerging big data technologies and methods. Recently, a wide literature about predictive process monitoring techniques has become available. Despite the emergence of predictive business process monitoring application and the exploitation of machine learning algorithms, Bayesian Networks have been underexplored. In this paper, we propose the use of Bayesian Networks for handling uncertainty in predictive business process monitoring, thus providing predictive capabilities in process modelling and execution. The proposed approach is demonstrated in two case studies.
Rembrandt impact basin: Distinguishing between volcanic and impact-produced plains on Mercury

Abstract The surface of Mercury has been heavily modified by impact cratering and volcanic plains since the initial formation of its lithosphere and crust. As in the case of the Moon, the origin of early plains deposits has been difficult to determine because ponded impact basin ejecta and impact melt deposits can mimic the topography and texture of extrusive volcanic plains. In order to understand better the role that impact basins play in resurfacing on Mercury, we used MESSENGER Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) data to map the distribution of plains deposits within and around the relatively young Rembrandt impact basin (∼720 km in diameter). There are two different Rembrandt plains units: (1) high-reflectance interior and exterior plains, and (2) low-reflectance exterior plains. The morphology, crater size–frequency distribution, and N(20) crater density values were analyzed for each deposit. Observations of the two high-reflectance plains deposits are consistent with previous studies of volcanically produced smooth plains on Mercury. The low-reflectance exterior plains are older than the other high-reflectance plains and comparable in age to the Rembrandt basin impact event. On the basis of age, areal distribution, and albedo relationships with basin materials, the low-reflectance plains are interpreted as basin impact melt deposits. The large areal extent of the low-reflectance plains suggests that basin impact melt deposits may have played an important role in resurfacing Mercury, especially during the early geologic history of the planet when impact rates were higher.
Endovascular Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection adequate for sexual intercourse with a global prevalence in excess of 150 million and, left untreated, is widely recognized to decrease quality of life. Over one half of US males between the ages of 40 and 70 years report some degree of ED with the prevalence increasing with age and with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. ED may have numerous etiologies and its occurrence is often multifactorial with vasculogenic, hormonal, and emotional/psychological factors all contributing. As noted above, patients with ED frequently have cardiovascular risk factors or manifest cardiovascular disease, and indeed, many commonly prescribed pharmacotherapies for hypertension, heart disease, etc. can also promote ED. Prior pelvic trauma and central or peripheral neurologic disease may also be contributory. Despite the myriad factors listed however most ED ultimately is linked to a disorder of vascular structure or function and may relate to inadequate arterial flow, impaired cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation, or veno-occlusive dysfunction. It should be noted that given the coexistence of various contributory disease processes, evaluation and therapy for ED necessitate the coordinated, multidisciplinary efforts of urologists, vascular and sexual medicine specialists, and primary care physicians.
Preparing to Participate: The Role of Youth Social Responsibility and Political Efficacy on Civic Engagement for Black Early Adolescents

Civic engagement is critical for the well-being of youth and society. Scholars posit that civic beliefs are highly indicative of sustained civic engagement, particularly for Black youth living in the United States. In this study, I examine whether youth social responsibility and political efficacy beliefs are directly related to civic engagement and whether the relationship between youth social responsibility and civic outcomes varies by level of political efficacy among Black early adolescents in the Midwest United States (N = 118). I also investigate whether youth social responsibility relates to civic engagement through political efficacy beliefs among this population. Findings show that political efficacy is related to four domains of civic engagement: helping, community action, formal political action, and activism. Political efficacy moderates the relationship between youth social responsibility and activism, such that the relationship between youth social responsibility and activism is stronger for Black youth with higher political efficacy beliefs. There is also an indirect effect of youth social responsibility on the relationship between political efficacy and civic engagement.
A Survey of Recent Empirical Money Demand Studies

This paper surveys a selected number of studies that evaluated the demand for money using the error-correction model approach in the 1990s across a range of industrial and developing countries. It briefly presents issues relevant to modeling and estimating the demand for money; and synthesizes information concerning variables, data period and frequency, unit root and cointegration techniques, stability tests, and findings in a tabular form. In addition, it presents estimated long-run income elasticity and elasticities or semi-elasticities for opportunity cost and other variables in a comparable framework. It aims to provide a reference tool for future research on demand for money in various countries. Copyright 2001, International Monetary Fund
Oral manifestations in primary hyperoxaluria and oxalosis. Report of a case

Abstract A case of primary hyperoxaluria and oxalosis is presented. The child received a renal transplant but had recurrence of the disease in the new kidney and died. At autopsy, cacium oxalate crystals were found in various organs, including the developing teeth and the salivary glands. This appears to be the first description of oral manifestations of oxalosis.
Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Optical WDM Networks

This article discusses the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in optical networks employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. Two variants of the problem are studied: static RWA, whereby the traffic requirements are known in advance, and dynamic RWA in which connection requests arrive in some random fashion. Both point-to-point and multicast traffic demands are considered. Keywords: wavelength division multiplexing (WDM); optical networks; routing and wavelength assignment (RWA); virtual topology design; optical multicast
Role of Gene Overlap in the Regulation of mRNA Translation for Mitochondrial Cytochrome P-450c27/25 in the Rat

Previously published results have revealed sequence complementarity between the 5′-terminal regions of mRNAs for hepatic mitochondrial cytochrome P-450c27/ 25 (c27/25) and serine protease inhibitors (SPI) and predicted a role for this sequence overlap in both the regulation of c27/25 mRNA transcription and translation. The possibility that c27/25 mRNA forms an RNA duplex with complementary sequences of SPI mRNAs in vivo was demonstrated in the rat liver and COS-1 cells cotransfected with c27/25 and SPI2.1 plasmids. Quantitative evaluation of RNA duplex in COS-1 cells revealed that most of the c27/25 mRNA exists in duplex form when SPI2.1 mRNA was present at 5-10-fold that of c27/25 mRNA, a ratio comparable to that observed between these two RNAs in the liver. In cotransfected COS-1 cells with the same ratio of mRNAs, highly significant inhibition of the c27/25 mRNA translation (66-75%) was observed, while its transcription remained unaffected. The partial inhibition of c27/25 mRNA translation, even when most of it exists in duplex form, suggests that RNA duplex is undergoing some type of cytoplasmic processing to disengage c27/25 mRNA and make it available for translation. These results imply that abundant endogenous SPI RNAs are able to regulate the c27/25 gene expression.
Regulation of Escherichia coli secA by Cellular Protein Secretion Proficiency Requires an Intact Gene X Signal Sequence and an Active Translocon

secA is translationally regulated by the protein secretion proficiency state of the Escherichia coli cell. This regulation was explored by making signal sequence mutations in the gene upstream of secA, gene X, which promotes secA translational coupling. Gene X signal sequence mutants were constitutive for secA expression, while prlA alleles partially restored secA regulation. These results show that interaction of the pre-gene X protein with the translocon is required for proper secA regulation. Furthermore, gene X signal sequence mutations disrupted secA regulation only in the cis configuration. We propose that nascent pre-gene X protein interacts with the translocon during its secretion to constitute the secretion sensor.
Scaling analysis of computational imaging systems

Computational imaging systems are characterized by a joint design and optimization of front end optics, focal plane arrays and post-detection processing. Each constituent technology is characterized by its unique scaling laws. In this paper we will attempt a synthesis of the behavior of individual components and develop scaling analysis of the jointly designed and optimized imaging systems.
Compensatory Mutations in E1, p7, NS2, and NS3 Enhance Yields of Cell Culture-Infectious Intergenotypic Chimeric Hepatitis C Virus

There is little understanding of mechanisms underlying the assembly and release of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) from cultured cells. Cells transfected with synthetic genomic RNA from a unique genotype 2a virus (JFH1) produce high titers of virus, while virus yields are much lower with a prototype genotype 1a RNA containing multiple cell culture-adaptive mutations (H77S). To characterize the basis for this difference in infectious particle production, we constructed chimeric genomes encoding the structural proteins of H77S within the background of JFH1. RNAs encoding polyproteins fused at the NS2/NS3 junction ("H-NS2/NS3-J") and at a site of natural, intergenotypic recombination within NS2 ["H-(NS2)-J"] produced infectious virus. In contrast, no virus was produced by a chimera fused at the p7-NS2 junction. Chimera H-NS2/NS3-J virus (vH-NS2/NS3-J) recovered from transfected cultures contained compensatory mutations in E1 and NS3 that were essential for the production of infectious virus, while yields of infectious vH-(NS2)-J were enhanced by mutations within p7 and NS2. These compensatory mutations were chimera specific and did not enhance viral RNA replication or polyprotein processing; thus, they likely compensate for incompatibilities between proteins of different genotypes at sites of interactions essential for virus assembly and/or release. Mutations in p7 and NS2 acted additively and increased the specific infectivity of vH-(NS2)-J particles, while having less impact on the numbers of particles released. We conclude that interactions between NS2 and E1 and p7 as well as between NS2 and NS3 are essential for virus assembly and/or release and that each of these viral proteins plays an important role in this process.
Thin layer chromatography of corticosteroids: Application of paper chromatography solvent systems

Abstract The present study describes thin layer chromatography of corticosteroids on two-phase conventional partition systems originally introduced by zaffaroni and bush. The celite-gypsum thin layer as well as the stationary phase was applied by spray. Mobility of selected corticosteroids was examined in 20 different partition systems on 300 ascending thin layer chromato plates. Corticosteroid groups differing in one oxygen function were readily separated in both zaffaroni and bush systems. Separation within groups was also feasible, cortisol being delineated from cortisone as well as from tetrahyorocortisol. Rf values for various corticosteroids both on the same or separate plates were quite reproducible. Comparisons with reported values for paper chromatographic separations agreed closely.
A gas- and condensed-phase density functional study of donor-acceptor complexes of sulfur trioxide.

A series of donor−acceptor complexes containing sulfur trioxide have been studied in the gas and condensed phases using density functional theory. The condensed phase is represented using the polarizable continuum model. The systems investigated include complexes of nitrogen-containing donor molecules, (CH3)nH3-nN (n = 0−3), with SO3 and complexes of oxygen-containing donor molecules, (CH3)mH2-mO (m = 0−2), with SO3. Significant differences are observed between the gas- and condensed-phase properties of the complexes as a result of the ability of the condensed-phase medium to support higher charge separation between the donor and acceptor. The gas/condensed-phase behavior of two nitrogen-containing complexes, (CH3)H2N−SO3 and (CH3)2HN−SO3, has been investigated for the first time. These complexes exhibit properties intermediate to the previously observed H3N−SO3 and (CH3)3N−SO3 complexes. Systematic trends in the gas- and condensed-phase structure and properties have been observed as methyl groups are add...
Distributive justice in a bad economy: some thoughts on ethics of care.

Keywords: Distributive justice; ethics of care; fairness; feminine philosophy; forensic nursing; social justice; unemployment
Adipose-derived stem cells labeled with spio-coated hollow gold nanoshells as theranostic approach for liver injury

Purpose Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) could differentiate into hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Its capability of homing to injured liver makes AD-MSC a unique carrier for theranostic agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) have long been used as an agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while gold-based nanoparticles (AuNS) have been shown pre-clinically to mediate photothermal ablation therapy. In this study, we transfected AD-MSCs with SPIO-coated AuNS (SPIO@AuNS) and tested its action as a theranostic agent targeting liver injuries. Materials and Methods In this study, AD-MSCs were labeled with SPIO@AuNS. Characterization included labeling efficiency, viability, ability to differentiate, and relaxation times in vitro. For the in vivo feasibility investigation, liver fibrosis was induced in mice (n=4) and 2 weeks later, the fate of SPIO@AuNS-labeled AD-MSCs was monitored using a respiratory gated T2* mapping sequence (TEmin = 4 ms, ΔTE = 5ms, FA = 30, FOV = 4x3 cm) on a 7T scanner (Bruker Biospin MRI, Inc) at t=0, 3h, 24h, and 7 days post-intrasplenic injection of SPIO@AuNS-labeled AD-MSCs. Animals were euthanized and tissue harvested for histology at the end of each imaging time. Results AD-MSCs were efficiently labeled with SPIO@AuNS. Cell viability was comparable to that of controls (p>0.05). Adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation assay showed its ability to differentiate. MR imaging showed decrease in T2* signal in the liver at 3h post injection (13.23±0.14 vs. 8.86±0.67), p Conclusion SPIO@AuNS-enhanced MR imaging of stem cells was shown in mice with liver fibrosis demonstrating that this is a promising approach as theranostic agent for injured liver. Current work is being done on its efficacy for laser induced thermal therapy.
Dairying barriers affect the distribution of lactose malabsorption

Most mammals stop drinking milk at weaning, which is also the time when they cease producing lactase, the digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose. Cessation of lactase production and milk drinking also characterize most human populations, especially those of African and Asian descent. However, a genetic mutation that maintains the functionality of lactase production into adulthood occurs commonly among populations from northern Europe, where dairying is practiced routinely. Indeed, the ability to absorb lactose is nutritionally beneficial for adults only if milk consistently is available. What determines the distribution of dairying? We hypothesized that specific environmental circumstances affect where milk-producing ungulates can be raised safely and economically, thus influencing the geographical occurrence of dairying and lactase persistence. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compiled data on adult lactose absorption (LA) and malabsorption (LM) frequencies in 270 indigenous African and Eurasian populations (Appendix A). Partial correlation analyses revealed that, as predicted, adult LM is associated with extreme climates (at high and low latitudes) and, more significantly, with the historical (pre-1900) geographical occurrence of nine deadly, communicable diseases of cattle. These results suggest that areas where adult LM predominates are those where it is impossible or dangerous to maintain dairy herds.
Touch dominates haptic estimates of discordant visual-haptic size.

Observers (72 college students) estimated the size of plastic squares that they held in their fingers and simultaneously viewed through a reducing lens that halved the squares’ visual size. The squares were grasped from below through a cloth that prevented direct sight of the hand. Each estimate was a match selected later, either haptically or visually, from a set of comparison squares. Vision dominated the visual estimates and touch dominated the haptic estimates, whether or not the observers knew in advance which type of estimate they would be asked to make. Neither modality inherently dominates perceived size.
Premature alveolar bone loss in Erdheim-Chester disease

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare histiocytosis also known as lipoid granulomatosis. Oral findings have not been reported previously to our knowledge. This case report documents evidence of oral sequelae of Erdheim-Chester disease. A patient whose course was followed for 10 years at the National Institutes of Health had premature alveolar bone resorption. He underwent full-mouth extraction at age 29 years because of severe periodontitis. Histopathologic evidence of Erdheim-Chester disease was demonstrated in the periodontal soft tissues. In the ensuring years, accelerated resorption of the residual ridges precluded the use of conventional dentures. We recommend early preventive dental management for patients with Erdheim-Chester disease.
Reconstructing pathogen evolution from the ruins.

Advances in high-throughput sequencing have made genomic comparison an increasingly powerful tool for understanding pathogen evolution. From these analyses, elevated genome degradation has surfaced as a common trait among pathogens with a specialized lifestyle. Prime examples of this trend can be found within the species Salmonella enterica, wherein genomes of host-adapted serovars associated with extraintestinal disease contain more instances of degraded (i.e., hypothetically disrupted or deleted) genes than the genomes of broad host-range serovars associated with a localized gastrointestinal disease in humans (1, 2). Such degradative events can represent overt functional waypoints, demarcating relevant pathophysiological changes along the evolutionary path traversed by the respective pathogens.
Nonlocal Continuum Damage, Localization Instability and Convergence

A recent nonlocal damage formulation, in which the spatially averaged quantity was the energy dissipated due to strain-softening, is extended to a more general form in which the strain remains local while any variable that controls strain-softening is nonlocal. In contrast to the original imbricate nonlocal model for strain-softening, the stresses which figure in the constitutive relation satisfy the differential equations of equilibrium and boundary conditions of the usual classical form, and no zero-energy spurious modes of instability are encountered. However, the field operator for the present formulation is in general nonsymmetric, although not for the elastic part of response. It is shown that the energy dissipation and damage cannot localize into regions of vanishing volume. The static strain-localization instability, whose solution is reduced to an integral equation, is found to be controlled by the characteristic length of the material introduced in the averaging rule. The calculated static stability limits are close to those obtained in the previous nonlocal studies, as well as to those obtained by the crack band model in which the continuum is treated as local but the minimum size of the strain-softening region (localization region) is prescribed as a localization limiter. Furthermore, the rate of convergence of static finite-element solutions with nonlocal damage is studied and is found to be of a power type, almost quadratric. A smooth weighting function in the averaging operator is found to lead to a much better convergence than unsmooth functions.
Emerging Rural Settlement Patterns and the Geographic Redistribution of America's New Immigrants.

This paper analyzes geographic patterns of population concentration and deconcentration among the foreign-born population during the 1990-2000 period. A goal is to examine whether the foreign-born population, including recent arrivals, are dispersing geographically from metro gateway cities into rural and other less densely populated parts of the country. The paper also evaluates the so-called balkanization hypothesis, which is that immigration flows run counter-cyclical to the redistribution trends of the native-born population, while reinforcing spatial isolation and immigrant segregation. Data for U.S. counties or county equivalents come from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census (Summary Files 1, 3 and 4). Our results suggest that America's immigrant population is dispersing spatially. Immigrants are less concentrated today than in the past and they are less segregated from other population groups, including their own racial group and whites. However, changes over the past decade have been modest. The immigrant population, even in 2000, remained considerably more concentrated than the native-born population. The empirical results provide little evidence of geographic balkanization.
Obstructed central venous catheters. Restoring function with a 12-hour infusion of low-dose urokinase.

Thrombotic obstruction frequently prohibits infusion through or withdrawal of blood from central venous catheters and can occur in conjunction with symptomatic thrombosis of the subclavian vein. Thirty catheters were radiographically proved to be obstructed by thrombus and had not responded to at least one instillation of 5000 units of urokinase. All catheters were treated with a 12-hour infusion of urokinase at the rate of 40,000 units/hour. the obstructing thrombus was either eliminated or reduced in size in all instances and full function was restored in all but one catheter. No bleeding complications were seen. Six patients with obstructed catheters also had symptoms of subclavian vein thrombosis. All patients with symptoms of subclavian vein obstruction became asymptomatic on anticoagulant therapy even though no attempt at dissolving the thrombus obstructing the subclavian vein was made. A 12-hour infusion of low doses of urokinase can safely salvage function of obstructed catheters that otherwise may require replacement. Patients with concomitant subclavian vein thrombosis become asymptomatic on anticoagulant therapy without need to dissolve the obstructing thrombus.
Influence of crystallite size on acetone hydrogenation over copper catalysts.

Acetone hydrogenation was studied over a family of Cu/SiO2 catalysts as well as UHP Cu powder and a Cu chromite catalyst. Oxygen chemisorption via dissociative N2O adsorption was used to count surf...
Myocardial coefficient of oxygen utilization.

An analysis of blood oxygen values, coronary blood flow, and left ventricular oxygen consumption has been made on data obtained from 120 experiments on normal anesthetized dogs by using the N2O method for estimating coronary flow. The arterial oxygen content was shown to have a positive linear relationship to the myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference (A-V,O2), but a negative linear relationship to coronary flow. The coefficient of oxygen utilization showed a positive linear regression with arterial oxygen-content values above 20 volumes per cent, but an inverse relationship with arterial oxygen values below 20 volumes per cent. The significance of these relationships in the regulation of coronary flow is discussed.
Enrichment of Pasteurized Whole Milk with Iron

Abstract Organoleptic evaluation of Iron-enriched whole milks showed that ferric iron compounds uniformly resulted in lipolytic rancidity when milk was pasteurized at minimum to moderate temperatures (below about 79C). This off-flavor was reduced acceptably, or completely eliminated simply by pasteurizing at 81C. Data consistently showed that milk lipase is made more heat resistant by ferrie forms of iron. Ferrous compounds normally caused definite oxidized flavor when added to raw whole milk before pasteurization. This off-flavor was markedly reduced by deacrating the milk before adding the iron. Ferrous compounds did not cause rancidity. Ferric ammonium citrate and ferrous sulfate were evaluated more extensively than other compounds. Addition of the citrate salt followed by pasteurization at 81C is the more feasible method, since it would be difficult to add the ferrous salt after deodorization and before pasteurization.
Analysis of Trucker and Motorist Opinions Toward Truck-Lane Restrictions

Truck restrictions, which are becoming increasingly popular throughout the United States, are justified on the grounds of improving traffic operations and safety, decreasing pavement wear, and other related factors. Although an abundance of research has been aimed at quantifying the benefits and costs of truck restrictions, little has been done to measure truckers' and motorists' opinions of such restrictions statistically. Truckers' and motorists' opinions of the truck-lane restrictions in force in the Puget Sound region of Washington State are assessed statistically here. The assessment was made by administering separate opinion surveys to truckers and motorists and estimating logit models that give the probability of an individual's being in favor of or opposed to truck-lane restrictions. In addition, a logit model giving the probability that an individual is even aware of the truck-lane restrictions in the Puget Sound region is estimated. The results of these model estimations give a profile of indivi...
Dislocations in Layer Structures

Amelinckx and Delavignette1 have recently studied non-metallic substances with layer structures, including talc and graphite, by transmission electron microscopy. They observed nets of widely dissociated dislocations particularly in talc. Splitting into more than two partial dislocations in such hexagonal layer substances had been forecast by Kronberg2. Grenall3 has observed dislocations in graphite previously, but did not observe dissociation into partials.
Exposure frequencies and sensation-seeking: No novelty effect but an unexpected experimenter-subject sex interaction

o test the hypothesis that individuals who are very sensitive to novel experiences do not show the usual exposure frequence-preference pattern, high and low sensation-seeking African-American subjects were exposed serially in random balanced order a set of 10 Japanese ideographs at 0, 1, 3, 9, and 27 frequencies. Both high and low sensation-seekers manifested the usual pattern of preference for stimuli exposed at higher frequencies and no support for a novelty sensitivity effect was observed. There was evidence of an unexpected experimenter-subject sex interaction confirming previous reports of this phenomenon. Male and female subjects reacted differently to the total experiment as a function of their level of sensation-seeking.
The host antigen phenomenon in experimental murine schistosomiasis: the transfer of 3-week old Schistosoma mansoni between two inbred strains of mice.

A surgical technique for the transfer of 3-week old Schistosoma mansoni to the mesenteric veins of mice is described. Parasites grown in a donor C3H/StCrl strain survive on transfer to recipient C57BL/10J mice despite prior immunization with C3H/StCrl cells or skin grafts. The findings indicate that the ‘species-specific’ mouse host antigens associated with adult worms in xenogeneic transfers do not have an allogeneic basis in these two strains.
Backscattering target detection in a turbid medium by use of circularly and linearly polarized light

The polarization properties of the backscattered light from a turbid medium containing large-diameter (10.143-microm) and small-diameter (0.202-microm) spherical polystyrene particles are studied. It is shown that the difference in the polarization properties of the emerging light that originates at the target and that is backscattered from the medium allows for improvement of image contrast by use of polarized light. Based on the images obtained by the CCD camera, the polarization memory effect with circularly polarized light is demonstrated to have an advantage over the linear polarization technique in imaging a highly reflective target inside a turbid medium containing large particles.
Design Automation and Analysis of Resonant Rotary Clocking Technology

Resonant rotary clocking is a next generation clocking technology for ultra-low power, multi-GHz range operation. Previous works demonstrate the feasibility of this technology with full-custom, low-complexity circuit implementations. In this work, the rotary operational principles are investigated at a larger scale, and physical design and timing verification methods are developed as a blueprint for a fully-automated, semi-custom implementation.
Rare Form of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction

A 44-year-old woman had undergone repair of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect at age 9. She had been doing well medically until she developed fever, bloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, generalized abdominal pain, and a 10-lb weight loss shortly after undergoing a …
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION : IV. QUANTITATIVE DATA ON PNEUMOCOCCUS R (DAWSON S)- ANTI-R (S) SYSTEMS.

1. The quantitative, absolute method of agglutinin estimation is extended to the reaction between Types I and II pneumococcus R (S) suspensions prepared in various ways and antisera from rabbits injected with these cells. 2. Quantitative estimations of the amount of antibody to pneumococcus C substance are also given. 3. The significance of the data is discussed.
Prediction of postoperative gas bloating after laparoscopic antireflux procedures based on 24-h pH acid reflux pattern.

Background:Postoperative gas/bloating (G/B) is a common sequelae after laparoscopic fundoplication. Patients with "upright" reflux are thought to have more aerophagic tendencies contributing to their GERD symptoms than patients with significant "supine" patterns of reflux. The risk of postoperative G/B developing was analyzed in relation to patient preoperative patterns of upright, mixed, or supine 24-h pH scores. Methods: In this study, 339 patients undergoing fundoplication (278 Nissen and 61 Toupet) were evaluated for preoperative G/B symptoms using a 0 to 10 severity visual analogue scale. Reflux patterns were classified as upright, supine, or mixed according to 24-h pH studies. Results: As compared with preoperative values, 46% of the patients with a preoperative G/B score less than 3 and an upright or mixed reflux pattern had a significant increase in their average G/B score at 2 years (upright, from 0.9 to 4.2; mixed, from 1.1 to 4.1). However, the patients with a supine reflux pattern did not have a statistically significant change (from 2.0 to 2.2; p > 0.05). The patients with established aerophagic tendencies preoperatively (G/B score > 3) showed significant improvement in these symptoms at 2 years across all three reflux patterns (average G/B score, from 7.7 preoperatively to 4.8 at 2 years). There was no gender predisposition, nor was there any difference in the incidence of G/B between complete and partial fundoplication. Conclusions: The pattern of 24-h acid reflux can be predictive of G/B after antireflux surgery. Patients with mild preoperative G/B symptoms (score <3) and upright or mixed patterns of 24-h acid reflux appear to have an increased postoperative risk for chronic G/B as compared with patients who have supine reflux and mild preoperative G/B. Patients with moderate to severe preoperative G/B symptoms (score, 3–10) appear to have a general improvement in G/B symptoms at 2 years after fundoplication.
Influence of local hypothermia on absorption from isolated intestinal segments.

ConclusionsOur results indicate that hypothermia reduced net transport of substances from gut lumen to blood stream. In strychnine absorption, systemic hypothermia (25-30°C), at clinically feasible levels is not as effective in delaying transport as local hypothermia (10°C). Neither protects the animals from fatal outcome when large doses are used. Hypothermia reduced absorption of RISA approximately ninefold, (p = .005) while it reduced absorption of I131 only 5-fold (p = <.01). Venous return in hypothermic intestinal loops is reduced 72 and 66% in closed jejunal and ileal segments.
Least-squares time-domain deconvolution for transversal-filter equalisers

The N tap weights for a transversal-filter equaliser are calculated efficiently by solving a Toeplitz set of linear equations which represents the discrete-time convolution of filter and system impulse responses. Computation time is proportional to N2, approximately. Discrete Fourier transforms are not used. For many practical designs, the procedure is suited to small, desk-top programmable calculators, since it requires only multiplications and additions of real numbers and about 5N data storage registers.
Civic discourse in Israeli sociological thought

When Alvin Gouldner wrote the Coming Crisis of Western Sociology (1970) he intended to release sociology from the weight of Parsonian functionalism and to encourage a more reflexive, engaged, and critical sociological praxis. Today, 20 years later, Israeli sociology is just beginning to awaken from its own Parsonian slumber and to experience a crisis of its own. This belated crisis has been generated by the social and political changes which seem about to overwhelm Israeli society. Since 1967, the year of the occupation of Arab territories, and more pointedly after 1977, the year the Labor Party fell and the right-wing Likud gained power, events themselves have exposed the inadequacies of the paradigm that has dominated Israeli sociological thought for about three decades. This article proposes an outline of the contours of Israeli sociology, a critical evaluation of its central tendencies, and a reflection upon its current crisis. Sociological approaches to the study of Israeli society may be classified along two interrelated axes, the analytical and the normative. Along the analytical axis, approaches differ from an order perspective at one pole to a conflict perspective at the other. Along the normative axis, approaches differ from conformity to official ideology and the prevailing ethos of the society, at one pole, to a critique of the latter at the other. From the angle of these two axes six major trends in the interpretation of Israeli society can be discerned. The term "trend" refers here to clusters of sociological practitioners and practices in a way that combines their principal theoretical charge, their norma? tive implications, and their central object-domain. The trends are identified by the following conceptualizations: modernization, elite, pluralism, class, ethnicity, and colonialism. Each is treated here in
Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of mixed-valence europium-ammonia intercalation compounds of titanium disulfide

Abstract Europium-ammonia intercalation compounds of titanium disulfide have been synthesized by reaction of EuNH 3 solutions with TiS 2 , characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction, and investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. These materials crystallize in a 3 R -type structure in which every layer is occupied by intercalated species. The intercalation of NH 3 is accompanied by the formation of NH + 4 until a critical electron concentration of 0.22 mole el/mole TiS 2 have been transferred to the TiS 2 conduction band. Although Eu 3+ is the predominant Eu species for x > 0.001, Eu 2+ is also formed, possibly from the reduction of Eu 3+ in the van der Waals gap. These mixed-valence compounds are best described by the formulas (Eu 3+ ) x′ (Eu 2+ ) x″ (NH + 4 ) y′ (NH 3 ) y″ TiS (3 x′ +2 y″ + y′ )− 2 for 3 x ′ + 2 x ″ + y ′ 3+ ) x′ (Eu 2+ ) x″ (NH 3 ) y″ TiS (3 x′ +2 x″ )− n2 for 3 x ′ + 2 x ″ ≥ 0.22.
Grievances and Opportunities: Religious Violence across Political Regimes

Studies of religious violence have established that when states restrict religious freedom, the probability of religious violence increases. Conventional wisdom holds that religious violence is primarily a result of religious grievances. When religious groups are denied religious freedom, they seek to revise the status quo in their favor though the use of violence. This study challenges this narrative. It finds, rather than being caused only by grievances, religious violence is also fueled by moments of opportunity. Utilizing cross- national data for the years 2008 and 2001-2005, it is found that religious violence occurs most frequently in anocratic regimes marked by weak and decaying state institutions. Hence, the current narrative is incomplete. Studies analyzing religious violence need to consider how various regimes provide or stifle the opportunity for religious actors to engage in violence as well as how those regimes fuel religious violence through restricting religious freedom and increasing religious grievances.
A Novel Multi-Point Scan Architecture for a High Frame Rate Multi-Spectral Confocal Microendoscope

A new architecture for a confocal microscope is presented. The approach is a hybrid multi-point scanning system that allows real-time grayscale and multi-spectral imaging and is being developed for confocal microendoscopy.
Effects of anaesthesia with MS-222, clove oil and CO2 on feed intake and plasma cortisol in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract We examined the effects tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), clove oil and CO2 on feed intake and cortisol response in steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Even though a body of literature exists about the effects of different anaesthetics on fish, no comparative information seems to be available about their effects on feed intake after anaesthesia, which would be important to know especially in aquaculture research. We anaesthetised juvenile steelhead trout with these three anaesthetics, and then sampled them 4, 24 and 48 h later. Fish in all groups ate relatively well already 4 h after anaesthesia. However, feed intake in fish treated with clove oil or MS-222 was lower than in the controls. There were no differences in feed intake among anaesthetised groups. Plasma cortisol concentrations were elevated 48 h after anaesthetisation, but the treatment means were equal throughout the experiment. Our results support previous findings that clove oil is a reasonable alternative to MS-222.
Effect of a low-starch/low-dairy diet on fat oxidation in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects between 4%–18% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with increased risk of obesity and obesity-related disease. PCOS is associated with hyperinsulin...
Rates of follow-up and repeat pregnancy in the 12 months after first-trimester induced abortion.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of women who returned for a routine follow-up visit after elective abortion and to identify factors associated with repeat pregnancy in the subsequent year. METHODS: We performed a historical cohort study of 865 women who underwent first-trimester surgical abortion at a hospital-based family planning clinic between March 2003 and February 2004. We collected demographic and clinical data from procedure notes and a computerized hospital patient database. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to analyze associations between patient characteristics and repeat pregnancy within 1 year. RESULTS: There were a total of 865 women in our cohort. Of these, 753 (87%) returned to the medical center for care; 485 women returned on time, 268 women returned late, and 112 had no further visit. There were 161 repeat pregnancies; 87 (17.9%) in the on-time group and 74 (27.6%) in the late group (P<.001). There were 85 repeat abortions; 42 (8.7%) in the on-time group and 43 (16.0%) in the late group (P<.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that on-time follow-up was associated with a reduction in repeat pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.37-0.77) and repeat abortion (OR 0.53, 95% Cl 0.33-0.86). A total of 130 women received injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) at the time of abortion. The rates of repeat pregnancy and abortion in these women were 13.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Women who received DMPA had a decrease in rates of repeat pregnancy (OR 0.41, 95% Cl 0.23-0.73) and repeat abortion (OR 0.45, 95% Cl 0.20-0.99). CONCLUSION: Timely follow-up and immediate administration of DMPA are associated with a decrease in repeat pregnancy in the 12 months after first-trimester elective abortion.