cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invariant Odor Recognition with ON-OFF Neural Ensembles

ABSTRACT Invariant recognition of a stimulus is a challenging pattern-recognition problem that must be dealt with by all sensory systems. Since neural responses evoked by a stimulus could be perturbed in a multitude of ways, could a single scheme be devised to achieve this computational capability? We examined this issue in locust olfactory system. We found that odor-evoked responses in individual projection neurons in the locust antennal lobe varied unpredictably with repetition, stimulus dynamics, stimulus history, presence of background odorants, and changes in ambient conditions. Yet, a highly-constrained Bayesian logistic regression approach with ternary weights could provide robust odor recognition. We found that this approach could be further simplified: sum firing rates of ON neurons and subtract total activity in OFF neurons (‘ON minus OFF’ classifier). Notably, we found that this approach could be generalized to develop a Boolean neural network that can perform well in a non-olfactory pattern recognition task.
AutoSA: A Polyhedral Compiler for High-Performance Systolic Arrays on FPGA

While systolic array architectures have the potential to deliver tremendous performance, it is notoriously challenging to customize an efficient systolic array processor for a target application. Designing systolic arrays requires knowledge for both high-level characteristics of the application and low-level hardware details, thus making it a demanding and inefficient process. To relieve users from the manual iterative trial-and-error process, we present AutoSA, an end-to-end compilation framework for generating systolic arrays on FPGA. AutoSA is based on the polyhedral framework, and further incorporates a set of optimizations on different dimensions to boost performance. An efficient and comprehensive design space exploration is performed to search for high-performance designs. We have demonstrated AutoSA on a wide range of applications, on which AutoSA achieves high performance within a short amount of time. As an example, for matrix multiplication, AutoSA achieves 934 GFLOPs, 3.41 TOPs, and 6.95 TOPs in floating point, 16-bit and 8-bit integer data types on Xilinx Alveo U250.
Public perceptions towards adoption of residential Solar Water Heaters in USA: A case study of Phoenicians in Arizona

Abstract Solar Water Heaters (SWHs) are a mature technology with high household adoption rates in developing countries such as China, Turkey and Israel. Despite being existent since early 1970s, SWHs have sustained limited growth in USA contributing to only 2% of the global market. Demographics and socio-economic factors greatly influence consumer perceptions and adoption rates of renewable energy systems, specifically distributed solar – where the decision to adopt is solely taken by consumers. However, consumer based studies to understand public perceptions about deployment of SWHs have not been conducted in USA. To better understand the consumer perspective on SWHs and their market potential, we present a survey based study focusing on the urban population in southwest USA. Our analysis explores the relation of (a) demographics (income and educational qualification), (b) group-influence, and (c) competitive technologies such as solar photovoltaics (PV) on public awareness and acceptance of SWHs. We find that consumers with higher annual income (>$60,000) and educational qualification (>bachelor's degree) have greater familiarity with SWHs. This segment of population is also willing to adopt new solar based technologies. We also note that residential consumers are more aware about solar PV than SWHs. Consumers' favored the need for information on cost and energy requirements, and performance comparison of SWHs against conventional water heating technologies as key deciding aspects to adopt SWHs in future. To assist in future policy making pertaining to investments in solar based technologies, we present a discussion on what lies ahead for SWHs in Arizona and in USA.
One-step construction of circularized nanodiscs using SpyCatcher-SpyTag.

Circularized nandiscs (cNDs) exhibit superb monodispersity and have the potential to transform functional and structural studies of membrane proteins. In particular, cNDs can stabilize large patches of lipid bilayers for the reconstitution of complex membrane biochemical reactions, enabling the capture of crucial intermediates involved in synaptic transmission and viral entry. However, previous methods for building cNDs require multiple steps and suffer from low yields. We herein introduce a simple, one-step approach to ease the construction of cNDs using the SpyCatcher-SpyTag technology. This approach increases the yield of cNDs by over 10-fold and is able to rapidly generates cNDs with diameters ranging from 11 to over 100 nm. We demonstrate the utility of these cNDs for mechanistic interrogations of vesicle fusion and protein-lipid interactions that are unattainable using small nanodiscs. Together, the remarkable performance of SpyCatcher-SpyTag in nanodisc circularization paves the way for the use of cNDs in membrane biochemistry and structural biology. Circularised nanodiscs (cNDs) are able to stabilise large lipid bilayer patches and are used for structural and functional studies. Current techniques to build cNDs have numerous steps and low yields; here the authors report a single step construction method using the SpyCatcher-SpyTag system.
Effect of captivity on the vertebral bone microstructure of xenarthran mammals.

Captive specimens in museum collections facilitate study of rare taxa, but the lifestyles, diets, and lifespans of captive animals differ from their wild counterparts. Trabecular bone architecture adapts to in vivo forces, and may reflect interspecific variation in ecology and behavior as well as intraspecific variation between captive and wild specimens. We compared trunk vertebrae bone microstructure in captive and wild xenarthran mammals to test the effects of ecology and captivity. We collected μCT scans of the last six presacral vertebrae in 13 fossorial, terrestrial, and suspensorial xenarthran species (body mass: 120 g to 35 kg). For each vertebra, we measured centrum length; bone volume fraction (BV.TV); trabecular number and mean thickness (Tb.Th); global compactness (GC); cross-sectional area; mean intercept length; star length distribution; and connectivity and connectivity density. Wild specimens have more robust trabeculae, but this varies with species, ecology, and pathology. Wild specimens of fossorial taxa (Dasypus) have more robust trabeculae than captives, but there is no clear difference in bone microstructure between wild and captive specimens of suspensorial taxa (Bradypus, Choloepus), suggesting that locomotor ecology influences the degree to which captivity affects bone microstructure. Captive Tamandua and Myrmecophaga have higher BV.TV, Tb.Th, and GC than their wild counterparts due to captivity-caused bone pathologies. Our results add to the understanding of variation in mammalian bone microstructure, suggest caution when including captive specimens in bone microstructure research, and indicate the need to better replicate the habitats, diets, and behavior of animals in captivity.
Pigs Is Pigs

Since the first report of a cloned animal (Dolly the sheep) 3 years ago, cloning mammals has become something of a cottage industry. As Prather discusses in his Perspective, pigs can now be added to the august list of cloned animals, which includes cows, goats, and mice. This is a particularly spectacular achievement because pig cloning has turned out to be notoriously difficult. The pig is also a valuable domestic animal to have cloned because, being physiologically close to humans, its organs can be used in xenotransplantation.
Law, Economics, and Torture

This paper addresses three sets of questions, among which it wishes to draw connections: (1) Why has there been so little resistance to the recent massive transfer of national wealth to the rich and super-rich? It is the majority who are injured, and they presumably hold the power in a democracy: why have they not exercised it? (2) Why are law schools so dominated by questions of policy, with rather little interest in the intellectual and linguistic activities of the practicing lawyer and judge? Why indeed do judicial opinions themselves seem so often to be written in a dead and mechanical way? (3) Why has there been so little outrage and outcry at the present administration's efforts to make the torture of suspects and captives a normal and legalized part of the government's business? This paper was given at a conference in Ann Arbor, in April 2007, entitled "Law and Democracy in the Empire of Force," at which a dozen scholars addressed their respective understandings of the state of American legal and democratic culture. This and the other papers will be published in a book, Law and Democracy in the Empire of Force, edited by H. Jefferson Powell and James Boyd White, to be published early in 2009 by the University of Michigan Press. The publication of the essay in SSRN is with the permission of the Press. The phrase, "empire of force," is taken from Simone Weil's famous essay on the Iliad, where she uses it to refer not only to physical or military force, but to all the ways in which a culture teaches its members to erase the humanity of others.
Sleep in Dementia Caregivers and the Effect of a Nighttime Monitoring System

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if a nighttime home monitoring system, designed to track the movements of a care recipient with dementia, would relieve worry and improve sleep in caregivers of persons with dementia. Design and Methods: In this controlled clinical trial, 49 dementia caregivers were followed for up to 1 year. Sleep was measured for 7-day intervals at nine points in time using actigraphy and a sleep diary. Findings: Although the experimental caregivers generally reported that the system was “of great help” in relieving worry about nighttime activity, no significant group differences were found using multilevel modeling analyses. With regard to total sleep time, time awake after sleep onset, and sleep quality, multilevel models did not demonstrate any changes in sleep between groups, either averaged over time or for the interaction of group and time. Conclusions: Since previous analysis of our qualitative data suggested improvements in caregiver worry and sleep, problems other than night awakenings may be perpetuating the sleep problem. Future studies should include testing of multimodal sleep interventions. Clinical Relevance: Caregivers have high amounts of unwanted wake time during the night and additional research is needed to identify effective interventions to improve their sleep.
Books, books everywhere, but nary a one in print: Cushing Academy eliminates print books from its library

Purpose – This paper seeks to review Cushing Academy's recent decision to withdraw the majority of its print book collection in favor of electronic books.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is designed to conjure thoughts regarding the role of books and their digital future, particularly in light of the Kindle and Google Books project.Findings – The paper suggests that eliminating print books from a secondary school library may not serve well students who go on to attend universities where print books predominate.Originality/value – The paper calls attention to the challenges libraries and institutions face in transitioning to electronic books.
Sodium-Potassium-activated Adenosine Triphosphatase: Potassium Regulation of Enzyme Phosphorylation: SODIUM-STIMULATED, POTASSIUM-INHIBITED URIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE HYDROLYSIS

Electroplax microsomes enriched in sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase are found to catalyze sodium-stimulated, potassium-inhibited hydrolysis of UTP. The microsomes are phosphorylated by [γ-32P]UTP in a (Mg2+ + Na+)-stimulated reaction to yield an acid-stable phosphoprotein. Stimulation of the phosphorylation by Na+ in the presence of Mg2+ is paralleled by stimulation of UTP hydrolysis. K+ inhibits both the Na+-stimulated phosphorylation and hydrolysis in parallel at 0°. UTP and Na+ each partially antagonize the K+ inhibition. The phosphoprotein upon partial proteolysis yields labeled phosphopeptides which have the same electrophoretic mobilities as similarly obtained phosphopeptides after phosphorylation by [γ-32P]ATP. ATP inhibits the UTP phosphorylation and hydrolytic reactions, whereas UTP inhibits the Na+-stimulated and (Na+ + K+)-stimulated ATP hydrolysis. However, the enzyme affinity for UTP is at least 1000 times less than for ATP. Ouabain abolishes the Na+-dependent UTP phosphorylation and hydrolysis, whereas 2,3-dimercaptopropanol-arsenite inhibits only the hydrolysis, which is similar to its action with ATP as substrate. It is concluded that the UTP phosphorylation site is identical with that reactive with ATP and that the same phosphopeptide is involved in the Na+-stimulated hydrolysis of UTP or ATP and the (Na+ + K+)-stimulated hydrolysis of ATP. K+ inhibition of UTP hydrolysis results from inhibition of phosphorylation. Thus, K+ can have at least two separate effects on the enzyme: inhibition of phosphorylation, in addition to the well known activation of dephosphorylation in the presence of ATP. Both of these effects can be explained by a model in which it is assumed that potassium-enzyme has a reduced affinity for nucleotides and Na+. These, on the other hand, reduce the affinity of dephosphoenzyme for K+. In this view, ATP, by virtue of its greater affinity than UTP for the enzyme, is able to reduce the K+ inhibition of phosphorylation, thus permitting the subsequent K+ activation of enzyme dephosphorylation to follow in cycle.
Psychology Journal Content on the Internet: A Case Study in Availability

ABSTRACT The need to cancel journal subscriptions to offset inflation led the authors to compile data regarding alternative access to contents of the specific journal titles maintained on subscription for the psychology program at the University of West Florida. While approximately two-thirds of the title list were represented in some fashion by a website, nearly half of these websites were found to be purely promotional in nature. Seventy-seven titles shared the characteristics of being “browsable” by means of table-of-contents or abstracts on websites, being indexed in library indexing tools, and being available through document delivery services. The assumption that units of research are virtually universally available free via the Internet seems to have become less prevalent within academia in recent years. New methods of distribution for the contents of traditional journals continue to evolve, though progress seems to be slow in the discipline of psychology.
High-Fidelity Simulation Meets Athletic Training Education: An Innovative Collaborative Teaching Project

High-fidelity simulation is frequently used in nursing education to provide students with simulated experiences prior to and throughout clinical coursework that involves direct patient care. These ...
Polynomial hybrid filtering

Summary form only given. This paper expands polynomial filters to the class of polynomial hybrid (PH) filters. Traditional polynomial filtering theory, based on linear combinations of polynomial terms, is able to approximate important classes of nonlinear systems. The linear combination of polynomial terms, however, yields poor performance in environments characterized by Gaussian distribution. Weighted median filters, in contrast, are well-known for their outlier suppression and detail preservation properties. The weighted median sample selection methodology is naturally extended to the polynomial sample case, yielding a filter structure that exploits the higher order statistics of the observed samples while simultaneously being robust to outliers. A presented probability density function analysis shows that cross and square terms have heavier tails than the observed samples, indicating that robust combination methods should be utilized to avoid undue influence of outliers. Weighted median processing of polynomial terms is also justified from a maximum likelihood perspective. The established PH filter class is analyzed through the determination of the breakdown probability. Filter parameter optimization procedures are also presented. Finally, the effectiveness of PH filters is demonstrated through simulations that include temporal, and spectrum analysis.
Abnormal gene expression in CD8 T cells from the lungs of scleroderma patients

Activated CD8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples are associated with progressive lung fibrosis in scleroderma. The hypothesis of this work is that CD8+ T cells from a subset of scleroderma patients, especially those with lung inflammation, have an abnormal pattern of gene expression that can promote fibrosis. Freshly isolated BAL CD8+ T cells from 26 individuals were tested for expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and receptor genes, using DNA microarrays. Hierarchical cluster analyses showed two groups of arrays. Group 1 included all 10 patients with lung inflammation and two patients without. Arrays from the other 7 patients without lung inflammation clustered with all 7 arrays from controls in group 2. Differences in gene expression indicated that CD8+ T cells in group 1, compared to group 2, were more likely to be activated, express type 2 cytokines, and stimulate extracellular matrix deposition, and less likely to undergo activation-induced cell death. T-cell activation was suggested by increased expression of LIGHT, neurotropin-4, CD100, CD6, integrin b1 and decreased expression of VIP R1 genes. Type 2 cytokine production was suggested by increased expression of CCR4, G-CSFR and IL-13 Ra and decreased expression of TRANCE and TNF R1 genes. Reduced expression of TNF R1, TNF R11, TRAIL R1, CD30 L and Fas genes suggested that CD8+ T cells from Group 1 were less likely to die following activation. Increased gene expression of oncostatin M, which simulates fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, integrin b6, which can activate TGF-β, FGF17, FGF4, and membrane type-1 and -2 matrix metallopro-teinases was seen. To confirm some of these results, increased IL-4 mRNA had been reported in our previous work, and increases in oncostatin M and activated TGF-β proteins in BAL fluids from patients with lung inflammation were confirmed by ELISA. These findings suggest that activated CD8+ T cells are part of a pathway that leads to lung fibrosis in scleroderma.
Does colonoscopy work

Through its impact on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, colonoscopy has a central role in the detection and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Observational data support a protective effect of colonoscopy and polypectomy on CRC incidence and mortality. However, recent studies suggest that the degree of CRC protection afforded by colonoscopy is dependent on the effectiveness of identification of prevalent cancers or their precursors, particularly in the proximal colon. Biologic variation in tumor genetics and growth likely contribute to diminished protection in the proximal colon. Operator variability is known to be a key factor predicting adenoma detection. Evidence supports the immediate adoption of specific quality improvement initiatives to reduce the failure rate of colonoscopy. Further interventions should target individual, organizational, and health system factors which influence physician behavior.
Simultaneous augmented and virtual reality for surgical navigation

We use a passive articulated arm to track a calibrated end-effector mounted video camera. In real time, we can superimpose the live video view with the synchronized graphical view of CT-derived segmented object(s) of interest within a phantom skull (augmented reality (AR)) and provide the trajectory of the end-effector (translated to the focal point) in orthogonal image data scans and 3D models (VR). Augmented reality generation is a natural extension for the surgeon because it does both the 2D to 3D transformation and projects the views directly onto the patient view. However, there are distinct advantages for also having a VR (image guided surgery) view of the tools trajectory. Both AR and VR visualization have advantages and disadvantages depending on the stage of the surgery and surgeons should have the option to select. In this paper, we provide the software design and the network communication details of a multi-user, on-demand, near real-time simultaneous AR/VR system for surgical guidance.
The Scat and Race

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the SCAT is biased against black students, 33 white and 47 black graduating college seniors. Significant differences in the mean GPAs and SCAT percentile ranks earned by whites and blacks demonstrate that the SCAT is not a biased test. However, the SCAT seems a better predictor for females than for males.
Initial Evidence for a Brief Measure of Buddhist Coping in the United States

Although the field of spiritual coping has greatly expanded in recent years, there is no short scale of Buddhist coping as there is for the Abrahamic religions. The goal of the present study is to create the Brief BCOPE, a 15-item scale of Buddhist coping based on a study of 860 Buddhist participants across the United States. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provide preliminary evidence of the construct validity of the Brief BCOPE, and data are presented suggesting potential convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity for the scale. Although there are limitations to the study, the present research suggests that the Brief BCOPE might provide an efficient means of assessing Buddhist coping in applied and research settings.
Elements of Computational Engine/Airframe Integration

Computerized flow simulation methods are being developed to refine the traditional engine-airframe integration process. These analyses reduce design risk, minimize wind tunnel and flight test requirements, and provide detailed design information not available by any other means. This paper describes computational tools which have matured sufficiently to permit project applications. Several applications are combined with research studies to illustrate the prediction of high-speed nonlinear phenomena associated with engine inlet flow rate, nacelle shape and position, afterbody shape and integration, propeller slipstream interactions, airframe-induced inlet flow, and pylon integration. Both fighter and transport configurations are used to highlight current capabilities and future requirements.
Corrections to "Thermal expansion of anatase and rutile between 300 and 575 K using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction" †Powder Diffr. 22, 352-357 "2007…‡

, 352–357 2007 . The errorswere pointed out to us by Dr. Matteo Ardit of the Universityof Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, to whom we are most grateful.They involve two of the equations that were derived for thethermal expansion coefﬁcients of the rutile phase and one ofthe values in Table IV that was calculated from these equa-tions. The article can be made accurate by the followingthree corrections: 1 Page 356: The ﬁrst coefﬁcient in Eq. 4 e should benegative. 2should read −
Engineering the Dielectric Function of Subwavelength Aperture Arrays

We experimentally measure the complete complex dielectric response of plasmonic lattices at terahertz frequencies, and demonstrate that it is significantly different from bulk metals. We further demonstrate the ability to arbitrarily engineer this dielectric response.
Feedstock storage, handling and processing

Abstract This paper is a review of the technology and research covering components of a methane from biomass system between the field and the digester. It deals primarily with sorghum as a feedstock and focuses on research conducted by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Subjects included in this paper are harvesting, hay storage, ensiling, materials handling, pumping and hydraulic characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, pressure/density relationship, and biological pretreatment. This paper is not a comprehensive design manual; however, design equations and coefficients for sorghum are presented, where available, along with references describing the development and application of design models.
Sound envelope averaging and the differential diagnosis of systolic murmurs.

Abstract Phonocardiography previously has been limited in scope because the attained suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio has interfered with the sensitivity and clarity of recordings. A new system is described that reduces this problem by utilizing demodulation and synchronous averaging of the “envelope” of cardiac sounds. A limited survey of the differential diagnostic capabilities of this technique is presented for 80 patients having one of six common forms of pathological systolic murmurs and an 89 per cent diagnostic accuracy is demonstrated. This system promises to be a valuable noninvasive adjunct in cardiologic diagnosis research and education.
Study of the instrument transfer function of a free-form optics metrology system: SCOTS

ITF is usually over looked during the deflectometry measurements, especially when low spatial frequency errors are the main test focus. However, real data shows that the effect of ITF cannot be ignored to reach high accuracy measurements of high spatial frequency features. We illustrated with simulation that ITF of SCOTS is proportional to the camera imaging MTF. We then applied this result to the edge measurement data of a large mirror, where a better agreement is achieved between SCOTS test and a test-plate interferometric test after the compensation. Experimental verification of the ITF theory for deflectometry is preliminary performed. The results will be summarized in our following paper.
Recombination in ultraviolet-sensitive strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Intergenic and intragenic recombination during vegetative growth and at meiosis has been studied by selective plating techniques in diploid strains of yeast homozygous for alleles of six genes governing sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. The following results were obtained: 1. ( 1 ) None of the uvs mutations caused a significant increase in spontaneous mitotic intragenic recombination. 2. ( 2 )The frequency of intragenic mitotic recombination (gene conversion) induced by UV light was greater among survivors in the sensitive strains compared to wild-type controls, but was less when compared in terms of equal survival. 3. ( 3 ) The dose-response curves for UV-induced mitotic recombination between the locus of a gene and its centromere were complex, but in most cases the uvs diploids showed a greater response than the controls. 4. ( 4 ) No differences from the controls were found in the frequency of intragenic or intergenic recombination at meiosis, but significant differences were found between certain uvs strains.
Solution and Solid State Properties of [N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetato]vanadium(IV), -(V), and -(IV/V) Complexes(1).

A mononuclear vanadium(IV), a mononuclear vanadium(V), and a binuclear mixed valence vanadium(IV/V) complex with the ligand N-(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid (H(3)hida) have been structurally characterized. Crystal data for [VO(Hhida)(H(2)O)].CH(3)OH (1): orthorhombic; P2(1)2(1)2(1); a= 6.940(2), b = 9.745(3), c= 18.539(4) A; Z = 4. Crystal data for Na[V(O)(2)(Hhida)(2)].4H(2)O (2): monoclinic; P2(1)/c; a = 6.333(2), b = 18.796(2), c = 11.5040(10) A; beta = 102.53(2) degrees; Z = 4. Crystal data for (NH(4))[V(2)(O)(2)(m-O)(Hhida)(2)].H(2)O (3): monoclinic; C2/c; a = 18.880(2), b= 7.395(2), c = 16.010(2) A; beta = 106.33(2) degrees; Z = 4. The mononuclear vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) complexes are formed from the monoprotonated Hhida(2)(-) ligand, and their structural and magnetic characteristics are as expected for six-coordinate vanadium complexes. An interesting structural feature in these complexes is the fact that the two carboxylate moieties are coordinated trans to one another, whereas the carboxylate moieties are coordinated in a cis fashion in previously characterized complexes. The aqueous solution properties of the vanadium(IV) and -(V) complexes are consistent with their structures. The vanadium(V) complex was previously characterized; in the current study structural characterization in the solid state is provided. X-ray crystallography and magnetic methods show that the mixed valence complex contains two indistinguishable vanadium atoms; the thermal ellipsoid of the bridging oxygen atom suggests a type III complex in the solid state. Magnetic methods show that the mixed valence complex contains a free electron. Characterization of aqueous solutions of the mixed valence complex by UV/vis and EPR spectroscopies suggests that the complex may be described as a type II complex. The Hhida(2)(-) complexes have some similarities, but also some significant differences, with complexes of related ligands, such as nitrilotriacetate (nta), N-(2-pyridylmethyl)iminodiacetate (pmida), and N-(S)-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]iminodiacetate (s-peida). Perhaps most importantly, the mixed valence Hhida(2)(-) complex is significantly less stable than the corresponding pmida and s-peida complexes of similar overall charge but very similar in stability to the nta and V(2)O(3)(3+) complexes with higher charges. Thus, there is the potential for designing stable mixed valence dimers.
Kant's Secret Article: Irony, Performativity, and History in Zum ewigen Frieden

This article rereads Immanuel Kant's Zum ewigen Frieden as an ironic and performative critique of the political censorship of philosophical texts on the one hand, and of Prussian imperial expansion into republican Poland on the other. By examining the historical situation in Prussia between 1795 and 1796, it shows that Kant deploys a mode of philosophical writing in which "saying" and "meaning" are made to diverge under political pressure. His insertion of the Secret Article into the second edition of his essay not only intensifies his critique of censorship and imperialism, but also performs the "double-talk" to which political authorities have driven philosophers. This article concludes by linking Kant's Secret Article to other instances of irony and performativity in his later writings, in particular his Streit der Facultaten.
Dictyostelium Myosin Heavy Chain Kinase A Subdomains COILED-COIL AND WD REPEAT ROLES IN OLIGOMERIZATION AND SUBSTRATE TARGETING

Abstract Myosin heavy chain kinase A (MHCK A) participates in the regulation of cytoskeletal myosin assembly inDictyostelium, driving filament disassembly via phosphorylation of sites in the myosin tail. MHCK A contains an amino-terminal coiled-coil domain, a novel central catalytic domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain containing a 7-fold WD repeat motif. We have overexpressed MHCK A truncation constructs to clarify the roles of each of these domains. Recombinant full-length MHCK A, MHCK A lacking the predicted coiled-coil domain, and MHCK A lacking the WD repeat domain were expressed at high levels in Dictyostelium cells lacking endogenous MHCK A. Biochemical analysis of the purified proteins demonstrates that the putative coiled-coil domain is responsible for the oligomerization of the MHCK A holoenzyme. Removal of the WD repeat domain had no effect on catalytic activity toward a synthetic peptide, but did result in a 95% loss of protein kinase activity when native myosin filaments were used as the substrate. Cellular analysis confirms that the same severe loss of activity against myosin occurs in vivo when the WD repeat domain is eliminated. These results suggest that the WD repeat domain of MHCK A serves to target this enzyme to its physiological substrate.
Action potentials as multifunctional signals in plants: a unifying hypothesis to explain apparently disparate wound responses

Abstract I suggest that action potentials, which occur in most, if not all, plants, play a major role in intercellular and intracellular communication. Long-distance communication is achieved through the transmitted changes in membrane potential, whereas local signalling is achieved through changes in the subcellular localization of ions (K+, Cl−, and Ca2+) and of water, and perhaps by membrane depolarization and current flow. These local changes in ion concentration can lead to modified activities of enzymes in the cell wall (e.g. pectinase), the plasma membrane (e.g. cellulose synthetase, callose synthetase), and the cytoplasm (e.g. protein kinase). In particular, the elevated concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+ is shown to have a major, yet complex, role, especially in the modulation of translation. I suggest further that, in addition to their role in wounding, action potentials may also be important signalling mechanisms for chilling injury, mechanical perturbation and invasion by pathogens, as well as for light and gravity.
Curricular and Pedagogical Implications for the Carnegie Study, Educating Nurses: A Call for Radical Transformation

It is an exciting time in nursing practice and education, globally, and particularly in Korea as nursing education moves into 4-year college programs. I will present findings from the Carnegie National Study of Nursing Education in the United States and hope that some of the gaps in nursing education identified in that study can be compared to what you know about educational programs in Korea. Three key findings from the Carnegie Study [1] are the following:
Cognitive Drivers of Suboptimal Financial Decisions: Implications for Financial Literacy Campaigns

In the past decade, there has been notable accumulation of evidence suggesting that many households have considerable difficulty navigating their financial path. For example, the national savings rate in the United States has become negative, resulting in growing consumer debt and challenging the financial well-being of the population. Furthermore, since the mid-1990s the bankruptcy rates have nearly doubled in the United States, and account delinquencies for credit cards and home mortgages have systematically grown. Interestingly, these trends have been witnessed at a time when new marketing regulations have been proactively introduced to the financial services sector, with the objective of better protecting the consumer from deceptive marketing practices and reducing households’ financial hardships.1–4 During the same time period, an increased focus on the development and assessment of financial literacy programmes has also been witnessed.5,6
Language comprehension in boys with fragile X syndrome and boys with Down syndrome

Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known inherited cause of intellectual disability, yet very few studies have explored the language comprehension skills of children with FXS. We examined the receptive vocabulary, grammatical morphology and syntax skills of boys with FXS (who were additionally classified as having autism, autism spectrum, or no autism) and compared them to boys with Down syndrome (DS) and typically developing (TD) boys at similar non-verbal developmental levels. Methods The Vocabulary, Grammatical Morphology, and Elaborated Phrases and Sentences subtests of the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language – 3rd Edition (TACL-3) were administered annually up to three times to assess the language comprehension skills of 35 boys with FXS without autism, 24 boys with FXS with autism spectrum, 19 boys with FXS with autism, 45 boys with DS and 40 TD boys at similar non-verbal cognitive levels. Results After controlling for non-verbal cognition and maternal education levels, we found that the three groups of boys with FXS did not differ from each other but scored lower than the TD boys in language comprehension. The boys with DS scored lower in language comprehension than boys with FXS without autism and TD boys. For all of the groups, scores for receptive vocabulary, grammatical morphology and syntax did not differ. Conclusions Boys with FXS and boys with DS differed in receptive language levels, demonstrating unique language profiles for each syndrome. Language comprehension appears to be an important area to target in assessment and intervention for both populations.
Characterization of calcium involvement in the Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin-induced release of 3H-nucleotides from Vero cells

Abstract This report characterizes the involvement of Ca2+ in the release of nucleotides from Vero cells caused by Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). A positive linear correlation was observed between increased CPE-induced nucleotide-release and increased extracellular calcium over the range 0.01 to 10 m m calcium. Above 5 m m Ca2+, CPE-specific lysis (i.e. disintegration of cells as monitored by light microscopy) was observed. Addition of 1.7 m m Ca2+ to Vero cells previously CPE-treated in Ca2+-free buffer rapidly increased nucleotide-release, even when cells had been previously incubated for 1 h at 37 °C in Ca2+-free buffer. Withdrawal of Ca2+, even after the onset of nucleotide-release, halted further CPE-induced nucleotide-release. These results indicate that Ca2+ must be continuously present for significant CPE-induced nucleotide-release. However, withdrawal of Ca2+ did not reverse membrane bleb formation by CPE. This differentiates bleb formation and nucleotide-release (both Ca2+-dependent CPE effects) and suggests that nucleotide-release does not result simply from bleb formation. Lastly, it was shown that other ions besides physiologic Ca2+ (1.7 m m ) are required for CPE-induced nucleotide-release. Interestingly, a role for other ions (but not physiologic Ca2+) is also shown for 86Rb-release by CPE (an early Ca2+-independent CPE effect). This indicates that extracellular ions other than physiologic Ca2+ can be required for both Ca2+-independent and Ca2+-dependent CPE effects.
Computational study of hexanal peroxy radical–water complexes

The results of an ab initio study on a family of hydroxy peroxy radical–water complexes formed from the oxidation of E-2-hexenal, which constitutes an important component of biogenic atmospheric emissions, are reported. Binding energies for the β-hydroxy-γ-peroxy hexanal (β- and γ-positions are relative to the carbonyl) radical–water complex and the γ-hydroxy-β-peroxy hexanal radical–water complex are predicted to be to 3.8 and 3.6 kcal/mol, respectively, computed at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) computational level. Natural bond orbital reveals that conventional hydrogen bonding between the water and the hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups of the radical are primarily responsible for the stability of the complex. It can be shown that the peroxy moiety contributes very little to the stability of the radical–water complexes. Thermochemistry calculations reveal estimated equilibrium constants that are comparable to those recently reported for several hydroxy isoprene radical–water complexes. The results of this report suggest that the hexanal peroxy radical–water complexes are expected to play a significant role in the complex chemistry of the atmosphere. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Reserpine-induced decrease in type I and II corticosteroid receptors in neuronal and lymphoid tissues of adrenalectomized rats.

The effect of the biogenic amine depleting drug, reserpine, on the concentration of type II corticosteroid receptors (i.e., glucocorticoid receptors) in neuronal (hippocampus, frontal cortex, hypothalamus), lymphoid (circulating lymphocytes, spleen, thymus) and pituitary tissues as well as hippocampal type I (i.e., mineralocorticoid) receptors was examined in adrenal-intact and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. Reserpine (2 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to adrenal-intact rats for 2 consecutive days. Following the second injection rats were ADX and sacrificed 24 h later. Reserpine significantly decreased type I and II hippocampal receptors as well as type II receptors in frontal cortex, hypothalamus, lymphocytes and spleen. Since the reserpine-induced decreases in receptor content could be due to reserpine-induced elevations in circulating corticosterone levels, reserpine (2 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to 1-day ADX rats which were then sacrificed 2 days later (i.e., 3 days post ADX). A 1-day ADX control group was also included. The 3-day ADX regimen produced significant or nearly significant increases in type II receptors in hippocampus, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, lymphocytes and spleen in vehicle-treated rats. Reserpine attenuated the ADX-induced upregulation of type II receptors in hippocampus, frontal cortex, lymphocytes and spleen, but had no effect on the ADX-induced upregulation of type II receptors in the hypothalamus. The ADX-induced increase in hippocampal type I receptors was not affected by reserpine treatment. In a final experiment, reserpine (2 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered immediately after ADX and rats were sacrificed 24 h later in order to assess the effect of reserpine on basal (i.e., nonupregulated) corticosteroid receptor levels in the absence of circulating corticosterone levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Daily Physical Education on Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Middle School Adolescents

BACKGROUND In 2009, the Pennsylvania Department of Health developed the Active Schools Program (ASP) which required 30 minutes of daily physical education (PE) in middle schools to reduce childhood obesity. This investigation evaluated the ASP effects on physical fitness and weight status in middle school adolescents throughout 1 academic year. METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used to recruit middle schools into an intervention group (N = 30) or control group (N = 9). RESULTS Physical fitness outcomes had larger intervention effects than weight status outcomes. These effects were most profound among at-risk students. Multiple linear regression analysis provided a best-guess effect of daily PE on body mass index (BMI) percentile of −1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.9, −0.5) for at-risk females and −0.8, 95% CI (−1.5, −0.1) for at-risk males. Much of this benefit is attributable to the differential increase in physical fitness achieved by students with the benefit of having daily PE. CONCLUSIONS Thirty minutes of daily PE can be considered a scientific approach to ameliorate health outcomes in at-risk middle school adolescents, particularly among females. Improvements on BMI percentile among at-risk youth are presaged by greater improvements in physical fitness. This investigation supports a school-based approach aimed to improve behavioral risk factors as a means to reduce childhood obesity.
Combining haptic and braille technologies: design issues and pilot study

This article describes design issues for a bi-dimensional single cell braille display, called Pantobraille, combining a standard braille cell with a force feedback device developed as part of the Cffl's PC-Access project. The Pantobraille, with a 10xl6cm workspace, allows the user to place the pointer on a graphical interface, to perceive forms and textures using the sense of touch, and to read braille text on a bi-dimensional page. In order to determine the usability of such a device and to have a better understanding of the issues that may arise when manipulating it for actual interactive tasks, two visually handicapped persons were asked to use the device to follow reading patterns with one or two hands. Reading performance and comfort with the Pantobraille remain inferior to standard braille displays but significant improvments were observed while performing the complementary pointing and reading tasks using both hands.
Limitations of Randomized Mechanisms for Combinatorial Auctions

The design of computationally efficient and incentive compatible mechanisms that solve or approximate fundamental resource allocation problems is the main goal of algorithmic mechanism design. A central example in both theory and practice is welfare-maximization in combinatorial auctions. Recently, a randomized mechanism has been discovered for combinatorial auctions that is truthful in expectation and guarantees a (1-1/e)-approximation to the optimal social welfare when players have coverage valuations [DRY11]. This approximation ratio is the best possible even for non-truthful algorithms, assuming P does not equal NP. Given the recent sequence of negative results for combinatorial auctions under more restrictive notions of incentive compatibility, this development raises a natural question: Are truthful-in-expectation mechanisms compatible with polynomial-time approximation in a way that deterministic or universally truthful mechanisms are not? In particular, can polynomial-time truthful-in-expectation mechanisms guarantee a near-optimal approximation ratio for more general variants of combinatorial auctions? We prove that this is not the case. Specifically, the result of [DRY11] cannot be extended to combinatorial auctions with sub modular valuations in the value oracle model. (Absent strategic considerations, a (1-1/e)-approximation is still achievable in this setting.) More precisely, we prove that there is a constant \gamma>0 such that there is no randomized mechanism that is truthful-in-expectation -- or even approximately truthful-in-expectation -- and guarantees an m^{-\gamma}-approximation to the optimal social welfare for combinatorial auctions with sub modular valuations in the value oracle model. We also prove an analogous result for the flexible combinatorial public projects (CPP) problem, where a truthful-in-expectation $(1-1/e)$-approximation for coverage valuations has been recently developed [Dughmi11]. We show that there is no truthful-in-expectation -- or even approximately truthful-in-expectation -- mechanism that achieves an m^{-\gamma}-approximation to the optimal social welfare for combinatorial public projects with sub modular valuations in the value oracle model. Both our results present an unexpected separation between coverage functions and sub modular functions, which does not occur for these problems without strategic considerations.
Dominant and recessive aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase-deficient mutants of mouse hepatoma line, Hepa-1, and assignment of recessive mutants to three complementation groups.

Fifty-four benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-resistant, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)-deficient mutants were found to be recessive, while five were dominant. Hybrids between the former mutants and the wild-type were killed by BP, and possessed AHH activities of at least 0.5 (relative to the wild-type). Dominant-mutant-wild-type hybrids were resistant to BP and had activities of about 0.05. Additional experiments assigned the recessive mutants to three complementation groups, designated A through C. Group-B-group-C hybrids were exceptional in possessing a mean AHH activity (0.36), less than the value (0.5) expected from gene dosage. This deficiency was probably due, in part, to instability of AHH activity in these hybrids. However, all hybrids tested retained stable DNA complements, equal to the sum of those of their parents, for 140 days in culture. Previous studies have shown that group B and group C mutations both affect the functioning of a cytosolic receptor required for AHH induction (1).