cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Egoistic and ethical orientations of university students toward work-related decisions

An onslaught of ethically questionable actions by top government, business, and religious leaders during the 1980s has brought the issue of ethics in decision making to the forefront of public consciousness. This study examines the ethical orientation of university students in four decision-making situations. The dependent variable — ethical orientation toward work-related decisions — is measured through student responses to questions following four work-related vignettes. Possible responses to each vignette are structured to permit categorization of respondents into two broad orientations: egoistic and ethical. Independent variables are academic major, “ethics in business orientation,” gender, and religiosity. Generally, students tended to choose an ethical orientation over an egoistic orientation in each vignette. Business majors were generally no less likely to choose an ethical orientation toward work-related decisions than nonbusiness majors. Respondents characterized by “moral unity” (belief in the consistency between general ethical principles and work-related ethical standards) were more likely to have an ethical orientation toward work-related decisions than those subscribing to the “amoral theory of business.” Females showed a consistent tendency to be more ethically oriented toward work-related decisions than males. Finally, respondents high on religiosity tended to be more ethically oriented.
Simultaneous generation of aptamers to multiple gamma-carboxyglutamic acid proteins from a focused aptamer library using DeSELEX and convergent selection.

By using the in vitro selection method SELEX against the complex mixture of GLA proteins and utilizing methods to deconvolute the resulting ligands, we were able to successfully generate 2′-ribo purine, 2′-fluoro pyrimidine aptamers to various individual targets in the GLA protein proteome that ranged in concentration from 10 nM to 1.4 μM in plasma. Perhaps not unexpectedly, the majority of the aptamers isolated following SELEX bind the most abundant protein in the mixture, prothrombin (FII), with high affinity. We show that by deselecting the dominant prothrombin aptamer the selection can be redirected. By using this DeSELEX approach, we were able to shift the selection toward other sequences and to less abundant protein targets and obtained an aptamer to Factor IX (FIX). We also demonstrate that by using an RNA library that is focused around a proteome, purified protein targets can then be used to rapidly generate aptamers to the protein targets that are rare in the initial mixture such as Factor VII (F...
Spinal Epidural Abscess An Infectious Emergency Case Report and Review

Spinal epidural abscess is an unusual disease in the pediatric age group, requires early diagnosis and prompt surgical drainage to insure a good clinical outcome. Back pain and fever are usually the only presenting symptoms occurring before precipitous neurologic deterioration. The causative organism is most often Staphylococcus aureus, which presumably is spread to the epidural space hematogenously. Diagnosis is facilitated by computed tomography (CT) scan, but the entire spine must be imaged by either myelography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess for skip lesions.
SMB Operation Strategy−Partial Feed

An operation strategy, partial feed, is developed to increase SMB separation efficiency. With the partial-feed mode of operation, the feed and raffinate flow rates vary with time. The separation of Dextran T6 and raffinose, which have linear isotherms, is modeled with the Aspen Chromatography simulator in a four-zone SMB for both normal-feed and partial-feed operations. Partial-feed operation significantly improved the separation with one column per zone. Either the purity and the recovery or the productivity could be increased. Partial feed introduces two additional degrees of freedom, namely, feed length and feed time. The optimum values for these parameters were determined. The improved separation is explained using local equilibrium theory.
A simple validated clinical tool to predict the absence of coronary artery disease in patients with systolic heart failure of unclear etiology.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of systolic heart failure (HF). Identifying CAD as a cause of systolic HF has prognostic and treatment implications. Whether all patients with systolic HF of unclear etiology should undergo coronary angiography has been controversial. We sought to derive and validate a clinical prediction rule to exclude CAD as a cause of systolic HF. A derivation cohort was formed of consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography with a primary diagnosis of systolic HF of unclear etiology (ejection fraction
Influence Tactics in Combination: The Interactive Effects of Soft Versus Hard Tactics and Rational Exchange

The effects of multiple influence tactics in dyadic compliance-gaining situations are underexplored. In a laboratory experiment, we exposed subjects to a scenario-based influence attempt within which tactics that convey a rational exchange of benefits were juxtaposed with soft tactics that project friendliness and flattery. We found support for the prediction that soft tactics would heighten compliance more in the absence, rather than presence, of an offered exchange. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Ion implantation in GaN at liquid-nitrogen temperature: Structural characteristics and amorphization

This paper deals with the results of a systematic investigation of damage generation and accumulation until amorphization induced by 180 keV ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ implantation in GaN films at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The structure of GaN films before and after implantation was characterized by Rutherford backscattering/channeling, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The as-implanted GaN films exhibits an expanded lattice. Its texture was determined by pole figure measurement. An amorphous component has been found after ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ implantation at doses not less than $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}.$ This suggests that ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ implantation for $p$-type doping be carried out below this dose, in order to avoid unrecoverable structural damage and to achieve better transport properties. On the other hand, implantation with higher doses is generally needed to compensate for the native electron background of GaN and to realize $p$-type reversal. This conflict uncovers the essential difficulty for $p$-type doping of GaN by ion implantation. The maximum damage concentration exists in a depth of 100 nm below the surface, which corresponds to the mean projected range, and broadens gradually towards surface and greater depth with increasing ion fluence. The thresholds for the amorphization of GaN films are revealed to be $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ for both ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ implantation. The amorphization mechanism is discussed and the accumulation of amorphous clusters seems to be the reason for the collapse of GaN crystalline.
The prevalence of CYP2C9, 2J2, and soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH) polymorphisms in African‐Americans (AA) on hemodialysis (HD)

Background CYP2C9, CYP2J2, and sEH have been shown to be involved in the formation and metabolism of vasoactive epoxides of the epoxygenase pathway which have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and progression of renal failure. The AA population with endstage renal disease (ESRD) on HD has a high prevalence of hypertension and may have altered prevalence of these polymorphisms Methods We studied the frequency of CYP2C9*8 and *11, sEH R287Q and anR403insertion, and CYP2J2*2-*7 and the newly identified CYP2J2 polymorphisms R49S, L50L, V113M, N124S in 97 AA ESRD patients and 84 healthy AA to determine whether there is a significant difference in prevalence rates of these polymorphisms. The mean age of the ESRD patients was 53.3± 12.1 years (mean± sd) and the healthy AA was 38.6± 9.1 years. The ESRD patients and healthy subjects were 43.3% and 38.6 % female, respectively. The DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and then genotyped for the variant alleles using TaqMan-based allelic discrimination assays. Results The prevalence of the CYP2J2 variant alleles with the exception of CYP2J2*7 (see Table) ranged from 0 to 1.1% in the healthy and ESRD populations. Additional results are shown in the table below. Conclusions There was no significant difference in prevalence rates of the CYP2C9, CYP2J2, and sEH alleles in AA with ESRD compared with the healthy AA population. This is similar to the results we previously reported for CYP2C9*2–5 and CYP2C8*2-*3. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P57–P57; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.108 Table 1. Prevalence of Epoxygenase SNPs In AA on HD Allele ESRD (%) N = 97 Healthy (%) N = 101 P Chi-Square CYP2C9*8 4.6 3.0 NS CYP2C9*11 2.1 1.0 NS sEH R287Q 10.8 8.0 NS sEH R403ins 0 2.0 NS CYP212*7 8.5 11.1 NS
Plastic instability in dual-pressure tube-hydroforming process

The tube-hydroforming process has become an indispensable manufacturing technique in recent years. Successful tube hydroforming requires bulging to take place without causing any type of instability such as bursting, wrinkling or buckling. The dual-pressure tube-hydroforming process was introduced to achieve a favorable tri-axial stress state in the deformation process. In this paper, the effect of applying counter pressure on plastic instability of thin-walled tubes is analyzed. It is concluded that in dual-pressure tube hydroforming, the onset of plastic instability is delayed and the ductility of the metal is increased.
Absorption and biotransformation of the coenzyme A precursor D-pantethine in rat hippocampus

We injected albino rats intraperitoneally with D-[3H]-pantethine at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight (0.014 Ci/mmol) or perfused rat hippocampal slices with 47 μM (1.3 Ci/mmol) solution of this substance. Using reversed phase HPLC, we found that metabolic products of D-pantethine, including phosphopantothenate and pantothenate, were rapidly absorbed from blood serum and retained in the hippocampus. We also observed their limited biotransformation in the system of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis with the formation of 4′-phosphopantetheine and CoA 10 min to 24 h after radionuclide administration. Hippocampal slices were perfused for 3–7 min. In the fractions that were eluted with 8.5% methanol, we found 4′-phosphopantetheine/pantetheine (64–47%), pantothenate (18–15%), phosphopantothenate (9–18%), and CoA (7–10%). The decrease in the radionuclide-retaining capacity in the slices was associated with a linear increase in the 4′-phosphopantothenate fraction. The role of 4′-phosphopantothenate in the stabilization of the CoA level and mechanisms of neuroprotection in the hippocampus, as well as the potential for the use of pantethine-based drugs in neurological practice are discussed.
A cyborg beetle: wireless neural flight control of a free-flying insect

We recently demonstrated the remote control of insects in free flight via an implantable radio-equipped miniature neural stimulating system. The system consisted of neural stimulators, muscular stimulators, a radio transceiverequipped microcontroller and a microbattery. Flight initiation, cessation and elevation control were accomplished through neural stimulus of the brain which elicited, suppressed or modulated wing oscillation. Turns were triggered through the direct muscular stimulus of either of the basalar muscles. We believe this type of technology will open the door to in-flight perturbation and recording of insect flight responses.
A Decision and Value Approach to Research Personnel Allocation

A problem which exists in a large research laboratory is the allocation of professional people to work on research projects. Each department manager must allocate his personnel so that effectiveness, value of a given man to a given project, is maximized. Computationally, the transportation technique may be used to solve the problem if it is possible to determine the individual coefficients or effectiveness values giving the relative value of the ith man to the jth project, for all i, j. This paper describes a technique for determining these effectiveness values. The effectiveness values are subjective, and reflect the value judgments of the department manager and of those who assign projects. The philosophy used in producing the effectiveness values is to simplify the manager's decisionmaking task in expressing his value judgments to comparing only two alternatives with respect to a single criterion at one time. The results of the ratings taken are reduced to produce a set of normalized effectiveness values. The use of the technique in a model allocation problem is shown. The application of the technique need not be confined to a personnel allocation problem, but can be applied to any resource allocation problem where the objective is to optimize a subjective measure.
Evidence for host-associated races in a gall-forming midge: trade-offs in potential fecundity.

. 1. The gall midge, Asphondylia borrichiae, attacks the terminals of three plants in the aster family: Borrichia frutescens, Iva frutescens, and I. imbricata. 2. In the field, Borrichia suffers the highest rate of galling and I. imbricata the lowest. Common garden experiments also revealed highly significant differences in the attack rates of the three host species by Asphondylia. However, these differences depended on the source of the attacking midge population. 3. Midges collected from Borrichia and I. frutescens attacked the host in which they developed almost exclusively, whereas those from I. imbricata attacked both Iva spp. 4. Each Asphondylia larva develops in its own chamber within a gall. Borrichia galls were 2.5–3.5-fold less crowded than those from I. imbricata and I. frutescens, respectively. Consequently, midges that developed in Borrichia were significantly larger and eclosed with 30–40% more eggs than those that developed in I. imbricata and I. frutescens, respectively. 5. Although performance of Asphondylia larvae was lowest on the two Iva spp., especially I. frutescens, these hosts may provide an escape from natural enemies as a trade-off for reduced offspring performance. 6. Differences in host-plant species phenology may reduce gene flow among host-associated populations of Asphondylia, thereby favouring the formation of races at the level of plant genus.
Designed experiments for the defense community

ABSTRACT The areas of application for design of experiments principles have evolved, mimicking the growth of U.S. industries over the last century, from agriculture to manufacturing to chemical and process industries to the services and government sectors. In addition, statistically based quality programs adopted by businesses morphed from total quality management to Six Sigma and, most recently, statistical engineering (see Hoerl and Snee 2010). The good news about these transformations is that each evolution contains more technical substance, embedding the methodologies as core competencies, and is less of a “program.” Design of experiments is fundamental to statistical engineering and is receiving increased attention within large government agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense. Because test policy is intended to shape test programs, numerous test agencies have experimented with policy wording since about 2001. The Director of Operationa...
Quantum effects in the trajectories of sputtered ions

Recent experimental results of Yu have shown remarkable behavior of the sputtering yield as a function of ion velocity. The usual assumption that the sputtered ions desorb as classical particles with a constant velocity is clearly incorrect at low velocities. We have tried a simple model based on a conjecture that the ion follows a quantum rather than a classical trajectory. The results, which are based on quasiclassical and quasistationary final-state ion trajectories (WKB wave functions with a complex potential), are in excellent agreement with the experiment. However, the imaginary part of the complex force necessary to achieve this agreement is at least an order of magnitude larger than typical interatomic forces. The conclusion therefore is that these quantum effects on the ion trajectory are not the cause of the nonlinearity of Yu's data.
The costs of family planning programs: methodological issues with an application to Barbados.

Clearly there is little literature focusing on the costs of family planning programs. 2 major methodological issues are considered: 1) what should be included in family planning costs and 2) what is the most practically useful classification. 1st the concepts of costs used by economists and to what extent they should be used in family planning program analysis are reviewed. The use of a complete inclusive concept of economic costs including the imputation of costs of "free" or donated inputs is the recommendation. Focus is on the concept of economic cost to give evaluators accurate data on a complete accounting of resources expended by the program. Family planning programs are among the most likely candidates for adopting the economic cost concept since they are relatively new and subject to the influence of such international agencies as the International Planned Parenthood Federation and the Population Council. The 2nd methodological contribution is the development of a new system of classifying costs into 3 categories - administrative motivational and contraceptive. This categorization should be helpful to outsiders concerned with family planning program evaluation and funding as well as useful for administrators. Both of these methodological suggestions are implemented in an analysis of the costs of 1 of the oldest family planning programs - the Barbados Family Planning Association - from the time it was established in 1955 through 1974.
Urinary lactate excretion in normal children and in children with enzyme defects of carbohydrate metabolism

Abstract Urinary lactate was analyzed in 53 normal children, 7 children with glucose-6-phosphatase-deficient glycogenosis, 1 child with fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency and 1 child with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lactate in 24-h urine was expressed as concentration, total excretion, excretion per kg body weight and per 1.73 m2 body surface, and as lactate/creatinine quotient. Of these parameters, the lactate concentration in 24-h urine showed the smallest variation in normal children (0.155 ± 0.053 mM), whereas in patients with one of the above mentioned enzymopathies 10 — 300-fold elevations were found. The lactate/creatinine quotient, normal range 0.010 to 0.058 (mM/mM) was also used to correct for unnoticed losses of urine. Both parameters, used in conjunction with blood lactate analysis, are suitable for a first screening of patients with enzymopathies of carbohydrate metabolism, and for the follow-up study of the steady or unsteady state of the patient with an enzyme defect of carbohydrate metabolism.
Integrating spatial data analysis and GIS: a new implementation using the Component Object Model (COM)

This paper presents a coupling strategy based on Component Object Model (COM) technology, for performing spatial analysis within a GIS. The strategy involves using a module which simultaneously manipulates software components from the GIS application and the data analysis application. We illustrate the strategy using an extension, written for the proprietary GIS ArcInfo, which performs areal interpolation, a statistical method of basis change commonly required by users of socioeconomic data. The extension creates an instance of a statistics package and uses it to process GIS data stored in ArcInfo, and then passes the resulting information back to ArcInfo where it is stored in a standard attribute table. This coupling strategy can, of course, be used with other COM-compliant GIS and data analysis software. COM-compliant software allows GIS analysts and researchers to create custom-tailored applications using components from many different sources. Because the GIS does not rely on a proprietary macro langu...
Thermoluminescence studies on photosynthetic energy conversion. II. Activation energies for three energy storage states associated with Photoreaction II of higher plants

Abstract Thermoluminescent glow curves of isolated chloroplasts were analyzed to determine activation energy, frequency factor and lifetime of the three glow peaks associated with Photoreaction II. Peak 1 had an activation energy of 0.8 eV, a frequency factor of 1.5 · 1014/s and a lifetime of 0.02 s. This glow peak appeared to be rather different from peaks 2 and 3, which were quite similar to each other. Peaks 2 and 3 gave activation energies respectively of 0.48 eV and 0.57 eV, frequency factors of 7 · 107/s and 1 · 109/s, and lifetimes of about 1.5 s. A second, less reliable method of analysis gave activation energies of 0.72 eV for peak 1 and 0.44 eV for peak 2. Our values are compared with those obtained by other workers, and the possible metastable states reflected by the three glow peaks are discussed.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics of trait-gene association

The Order Rickettsiales includes important tick-borne pathogens, from Rickettsia rickettsii, which causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, to Anaplasma marginale, the most prevalent vector-borne pathogen of cattle. Although most pathogens in this Order are transmitted by arthropod vectors, little is known about the microbial determinants of transmission. A. marginale provides unique tools for studying the determinants of transmission, with multiple strain sequences available that display distinct and reproducible transmission phenotypes. The closed core A. marginale genome suggests that any phenotypic differences are due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We combined DNA/RNA comparative genomic approaches using strains with different tick transmission phenotypes and identified genes that segregate with transmissibility. Comparison of seven strains with different transmission phenotypes generated a list of SNPs affecting 18 genes and nine promoters. Transcriptional analysis found two candidate genes downstream from promoter SNPs that were differentially transcribed. To corroborate the comparative genomics approach we used three RNA-seq platforms to analyze the transcriptomes from two A. marginale strains with different transmission phenotypes. RNA-seq analysis confirmed the comparative genomics data and found 10 additional genes whose transcription between strains with distinct transmission efficiencies was significantly different. Six regions of the genome that contained no annotation were found to be transcriptionally active, and two of these newly identified transcripts were differentially transcribed. This approach identified 30 genes and two novel transcripts potentially involved in tick transmission. We describe the transcriptome of an obligate intracellular bacterium in depth, while employing massive parallel sequencing to dissect an important trait in bacterial pathogenesis.
SPECTROSCOPY OF KISS EMISSION-LINE GALAXY CANDIDATES. II. HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS

The KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS) is an ongoing wide-field objective-prism survey for extragalactic emission-line objects. Over 2200 emission-line galaxy (ELG) candidates have been cataloged to date. To study the characteristics of the survey objects, spectroscopic follow-up observations are being carried out at several telescopes. Here we present the results of the spectroscopic observations for 258 KISS ELG candidates that have been obtained using the Marcario Low Resolution Spectrograph on the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). We present the following data derived from the HET spectra: redshifts, reddening estimates, line equivalent widths, emission-line ratios, and galaxy activity types (e.g., AGN or star-forming). The long-slit redshifts are compared to those determined from the KISS objective-prism spectra and show good agreement. Earlier spectroscopic follow-up observations have typically verified the presence of emission lines for over 90% of the KISS ELG candidates. However, in the sample observed with the HET, only 78% of candidates are confirmed to be extragalactic emission-line sources. This is because the HET sample contains a large fraction of the faintest KISS objects, which typically have low spectral quality. A small number of objects at higher redshift (z ~ 0.3), detected by KISS from their [O III] emission rather than from Hα emission, are identified based on their spectra.
Modeling the interfacial plastic strain incompatibilities associated with dispersed particles in high strength aluminum alloys

Abstract A new formulation based on an eigenstrain representation of Orowan looping was developed, and was coupled with a dislocation density based crystalline plasticity formulation and a specialized finite element framework to model the unrelaxed plastic strain and interfacial behavior associated with dispersed particles in high strength aluminum alloys. This representation accounts for the increased stresses associated with Orowan looping at interfacial locations, where extra half-planes due to Orowan loops occur at opposite particle corners. Plastic relaxation of the Orowan loops was modeled using the incompatibility of the lattice rotations between the particles and the alloy matrix. The predictions indicate that the orientations and morphologies of the particles with respect to the most active slip plane are the critical factors in the relaxation of the eigenstrains associated with the loops.
VISUAL AND LEXICAL FACTORS IN NAMING SPEED BY CHILDREN WITH READING DISORDERS

Reaction times of 12 reading disordered and 12 normally reading children and 12 adults were investigated with a visual half-field tachistoscopic picture-naming task. Analysis indicated slower picture-naming times for children with reading disorders. Hemispheric processing models suggested neurolinguistic maturation for rapid picture-naming speed.
Oxazolidinones and human immunodeficiency virus.

We would like to comment on the potential implications of the article published by McKee et al. (5) on the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. McKee et al. demonstrated that linezolid (and other oxazolidinones) inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis in rodents (5), confirming similar results in other animal models (4, 6) and in case reports of three humans exposed to linezolid, in which the spectrophotometric determination of enzyme activity for mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex IV in mononuclear cells was found to be low (7). The consequences of this mitochondrial toxicity may include bone marrow suppression, peripheral and optical neuropathy, and lactic acidosis. A recent report from the XVI International AIDS Conference showed a significant increase in the incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections among HIV patients (2). The authors concluded that HIV-infected patients had an 18-fold-higher risk of acquiring CA-MRSA than non-HIV-infected patients. Although the initial therapy for CA-MRSA infection is usually a tetracycline or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (plus appropriate debridement), linezolid is commonly used in more severe CA-MRSA infections. Although no reports of enhanced toxicity have been published, we foresee a potential risk with the concurrent use of linezolid and antiretroviral therapy. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which are the cornerstone of current antiretroviral combinations, also have the potential for inhibiting mitochondrial DNA. The toxicity can occur with any member of the pharmacological class, although lamivudine and newer NRTIs such as emtricitabine, tenofovir, and abacavir have less toxicity than zalcitabine, stavudine, or didanosine (8). Mitochondrial toxicity related to NRTIs manifests as myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and lactic acidosis but may also be associated with metabolic disorders including lipoatrophy, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. We suggest caution with the concurrent use of oxazolidinones and NRTIs, particularly if the former are planned for long courses of therapy. Clinicians may also want to avoid the additional use of other drugs that may worsen mitochondrial dysfunction. Metformin, which is becoming more commonly used among HIV-infected patients as a consequence of insulin resistance, is a mild inhibitor of respiratory chain complex 1 (3). Ethambutol, a first-line agent in the treatment of tuberculosis, probably causes optic neuropathy by inducing mitochondrial damage (1). If evidence of adverse interactions between oxazolidinones and NRTIs becomes available, additional research into this potential toxicity should be encouraged.
Materials science: Complex order in soft matter

Spherical micelles can aggregate into highly organized structures. New micelle arrangements mimic known atomic crystals, both periodic and aperiodic, and provide evidence for a material with 18-fold rotational symmetry.
Baseline levels in muscle relaxation training

Variations in the baseline levels of physiological measures, a familiar problem in psychophysiological research, can affect the results of clinical applications and research in the self-control of bodily processes. In this presentation, the problem is illustrated within the context of skeletal muscle relaxation training using continuous biofeedback(BF) based on surface electromyographic(EMG) activity. In terms of the Law of Initial Values(LIV), higher EMG levels are expected to be associated with greater decreases during training. The combined results of two studies documented an LIV-like effect for pretraining baseline levels with greater EMG decreases after training for subjects with the higher pretraining baselines. Left uncorrected, such baseline differences were shown to lead to discrepant results between two identical studies, and therefore to conflicting conclusions about the effectiveness of these procedures. The available methods suggested to correct for the biasing effect of baseline differences in research are described, with particular emphasis on the analysis of covariance.
Molecular Orbital Study of the Reaction Mechanism of Sc+ with Methane. Comparison of the Reactivity of Early and Late First-Row Transition Metal Cations and Their Carbene Complexes

The reactions of Sc+ + CH4 and ScCH2+ + H2 have been studied with the CASSCF and MR-SDCI-CASSCF methods. The reaction of the ground state Sc+ with CH4 proceeds as Sc+(3D, s1d1) + CH4 → ScCH4+(3A‘‘) → TS2(1A‘) → HScCH3+(1A‘) → TS1 → (H2)ScCH2+(1A1) → ScCH2+(1A1) + H2 and is calculated to be endothermic by 24.8 kcal/mol. After formation of an ion−molecule complex ScCH4+, the reaction cannot proceed on the triplet surface because of a high barrier and has to cross over to singlet and reach the singlet transition state TS2 with a barrier of 28.6 kcal/mol. The insertion product HScCH3+, 4.9 kcal/mol more stable than the reactants Sc+ + CH4, produces most favorably an ion−molecule complex (H2)ScCH2+ with a barrier of 28kcal/mol, which can dissociate to give H2 and ScCH2+(1A1) with a small barrier of 3.2 kcal/mol. At higher temperatures, production of ScH+ + CH3 and ScCH3+ + H from HScCH3+ will dominate. The reverse reaction ScCH2+(1A1) + H2 proceeds very easily and leads to HScCH3+(1A‘), ScCH4+(3A‘), and Sc+(1D...
Organochlorine residues in females and nursing young of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

Carcasses and brains of 18 big brown bats from Gaithersburg, Maryland, were analyzed for residues of organochlorine insecticides and PCB's. Eleven bats were adult females, and six of these had seven nursing young associated with them.
Visual pigments and photoreceptors in two species of shark, Triakis semifasciata and Mustelus henlei

The retinal photoreceptors of brown smoothhound sharks (Mustelus henlei) and leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) were studied by spectrophotometric analysis of visual pigment extracts, microspectrophotometric examination of single cells, and scanning electron microscopy. Juvenile and adult brown smoothhounds have one, identical visual pigment in their rod photoreceptors. The visual pigment is based on the vitamin A1 chromophore and has a peak absorbance (λmax) (at 496 ± 2 nm. Juvenile and adult leopard sharks also have a single, vitamin A1 based visual pigment, this one with λmax at 502 ± 1 nm. No evidence was found for a shift from a vitamin A2 based visual pigment in the juveniles to a vitamin A1 based pigment in the adults, as is known to occur in the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris (Cohen et al. [1990] Vision Res., 30:1949–1953). The retinas of brown smoothhounds and leopard sharks contain both rods and cones, with the rods dominating. The rod outer segments of the brown smoothhound are much longer than are those of the leopard shark. The greater length of brown smoothhound rod outer segments and the shorter wavelength λmax of the brown smoothhound's rod pigment support the idea that brown smoothhounds are either more nocturnal than leopard sharks or are active at greater depths. Cones are very rare in both species with only three identified with the scanning electron microscope and none with the microspectrophotometer. The apparent paucity of cones most likely relates to the bottom dwelling lifestyle of these sharks, although the possibility remains that their retinas contain small, specialized regions of high cone density, which were simply missed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Controls for RHIC, a progress report

Abstract While the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider presents problems neither of great size nor of state-of-the-art mechanical stability as found in other new accelerators, its control system must provide flexible, expandable connections between the operations and physics staff and the machine. The control system architecture is hierarchical in nature and consists of two physical layers with a fibre-optic network connection. The Console Level nodes including file-, database- and compute-servers are UNIX workstations. The Front End Level systems comprise VME crates with processors running the VxWorks real-time operating system. Accelerator devices are implemented as objects in C++. The network will be implemented using either FDDI or ATM technology, with bridges to Ethernet for connection to individual front ends. Specialized hardware modules are being designed for waveform control of power supplies, multiplexed signal acquisition, and timing services. Connection to slow systems will generally be made via VME interfaces to industrial PLC systems. The main features of the control system conceptual design are discussed, along with a progress report on controls development and RHIC construction.
HPLC determination of organic acids, sugars, phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacity of orange juice and orange wine made from a Turkish cv. Kozan

Abstract Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compositions and antioxidant capacities of orange juice and orange wine obtained from the cv. Kozan of Turkey were determined. High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify of these compounds. Three organic acids (citric, malic and ascorbic acids) and three sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were determined. The major organic acid was found as citric acid. With regard to sugars, sucrose was present in the largest amounts for orange juice and wine. A total of 13 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in orange juice and wine, including hydroxybenzoic acids (2), hydroxycinnamic acids (5), and flavanones (6). Hesperidin, narirutin and ferulic acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds in orange juice and wine. Antioxidant activities of orange juice and wine were measured using the DPPH • (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, and the antioxidant capacity of orange juice was found to be higher than that of orange wine.
Cesarean scar dehiscence as a cause of hemorrhage after second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation

Women who have had a cesarean section have a risk of uterine rupture when undergoing a second-trimester pregnancy termination. Beyond the first trimester, uterine rupture has been associated with the use of labor-induction agents and, less often, a placenta accreta. Scar dehiscence, a less disruptive form of scar separation, has not been reported with dilation and evacuation abortion. We present two cases of uterine scar dehiscence causing serious bleeding after otherwise uncomplicated dilatation and evacuation procedures. Neither case was associated with uterine contractions, an iatrogenic perforation or placenta accreta. Uterine scar dehiscence, a surreptitious process, can be the cause of hemorrhage after uncomplicated dilatation and evacuation.
On-Orbit Absolute Radiance Standard for Future IR Remote Sensing Instruments - Overview of Recent Technology Advancements

A summary of the development and recent advancements of the On-Orbit Absolute Radiance Standard at the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center. This work is funded under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program.
Subvisual-Thin Cirrus Lidar Dataset for Satellite Verification and Climatological Research

A polarization (0.694 microns wavelength) lidar dataset for subvisual and thin (bluish-colored) cirrus clouds is drawn from project FIRE (First ISCCP Regional Experiment) extended time observations. The clouds are characterized by their day-night visual appearance; base, top, and optical midcloud heights and temperatures; measured physical and estimated optical cloud thicknesses; integrated linear depolarization ratios; and derived k/2 eta ratios. A subset of the data supporting 30 NOAA polar-orbiting satellite overpasses is given in tabular form to provide investigators with the means to test cloud retrieval algorithms and establish the limits of cirrus detectability from satellite measurements under various conditions. Climatologically, subvisual-thin cirrus appear to be higher, colder, and more strongly depolarizing than previously reported multilatitude cirrus, although similar k/2 eta that decrease with height and temperature are found.
Homeric Soundings: The Shaping of the Iliad

This book combines the exploration of the "ethics" of the Iliad with its poetic and narrative techniques, which extend all the way from touches of phrasing to the shaping of whole scenes often separated by thousands of lines. these two approaches to the Iliad - through "form" and through "content" - are found to be inextricably worked together, which is why the book consists of "soundings"or sample explorations, where larger arguments branch out from noticing details in the formaion of particualr passages. Homer was an archaic poet, and even if he could write he surely created the poems to be heard. It has generally been held that this rules our the possiblity of intricate complexities - the discoveries of many re-readings. This book maintains the contrary position: the kind of artistry uncovered, especially the long-distance interconnections, would be more rather than less accessible if perceived aurally. Furthermore, this then opens up further opportunities for shapings, patterns that would be more apparent when heard in real time than they are inside the uniform format of printed pages. These surroundings should interest those experienced in other literatures and cultures. All Greek quotations are also given in translation.
Isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Northwest Pacific.

IN Japan, Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been reported to be the major cause of gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of sea foods1. V. parahaemolyticus has been shown to occur in large numbers in coastal waters and marine sediments around Japan in summer months, but not in the winter2. This seasonal pattern is also apparent in food poisoning outbreaks due to V. parahaemolyticus3.
Identifying and Working Through Teachable Moments

We have an opportunity and an obligation to challenge and support students as they wrestle with moral choices.
A new water-soluble substrate for the determination of trypsin activity

Abstract Synthesis of a new water-soluble nontoxic substrate, specific for trypsin activity, is described. The compound, N -benzoyl- l -arginine- p -aminobenzoic acid (BAPABA), is suitable for both in vitro assays under turbid conditions and also in vivo determination of trypsin activity. Trypsin removes p -aminobenzoate PABA) from the peptide and the PABA marker is easily detected in the in vitro assay mixture or in the urine, following oral administration of the substrate. Kinetics and optimum parameters of the reaction are presented. Ability of the substrate to measure trypsin activity in crude biological materials and in the lumen of the gut is demonstrated.
Sex Differences in a Simulated Classroom Economy: Children's Beliefs About Entrepreneurship.

The purposes of this study were (1) to measure sex differences in children's perceptions of entrepreneurship and occupational sex-stereotyping and (2) to assess sex differences in children's risk taking, persistence, and economic success. For 10 weeks 938 children in grades 3–6 participated in Mini-Society, an experience-based economics education instructional program. Child self-report measures and teacher ratings were utilized. Before Mini-Society children reported entrepreneurship to be primarily a male domain. There was less entrepreneurial stereotyping after Mini-Society, especially in favor of girls. Children's occupational sex stereotyping also decreased following Mini-Society. Finally, there were no sex differences in the children's risk taking, persistence, or economic success during the Mini-Society experience.
Profiling and evaluating hardware choices for MapReduce environments: An application-aware approach

a b s t r a c t The core business of many companies depends on the timely analysis of large quantities of new data. MapReduce clusters that routinely process petabytes of data represent a new entity in the evolving landscape of clouds and data centers. During the lifetime of a data center, old hardware needs to be eventually replaced by new hardware. The hardware selection process needs to be driven by performance objectives of the existing production workloads. In this work, we present a general framework, called Ariel, that automates system administrators' efforts for evaluating different hardware choices and predicting completion times of MapReduce applications for their migration to a Hadoop cluster based on the new hardware. The proposed framework consists of two key components: (i) a set of microbenchmarks to profile the MapReduce processing pipeline on a given platform, and (ii) a regression-based model that establishes a performance relationship between the source and target platforms. Benchmarking and model derivation can be done using a small test cluster based on new hardware. However, the designed model can be used for predicting the jobs' completion time on a large Hadoop cluster and be applied for its sizing to achieve desirable service level objectives (SLOs). We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using a set of twelve realistic MapReduce applications and three different hardware platforms. The evaluation study justifies our design choices and shows that the derived model accurately predicts performance of the test applications. The predicted completion times of eleven applications (out of twelve) are within 10% of the
Properties of carnitine transport in rat kidney cortex slices.

The properties of carnitine transport were studied in rat kidney cortex slices. Tissue: medium concentration gradients of 7.9 for L-[methyl-14C]carnitine were attained after 60-min incubation at 37°C in 40 μM substrate. L- and D-carnitine uptake showed saturability. The concentration curves appeared to consist of (1) a high-affinity component, and (2) a lower affinity site. When corrected for the latter components, the estimated Km for L-carnitine was 90 μM and V = 22nmol/min per ml intracellular fluid; for D-carnitine, Km = 166 μM and V = 15 nmol/min per ml intracellular fluid. The system was stereospecific for L-carnitine. The uptake of L-carnitine was inhibited by (1) D-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, and (2) acetyl-L-carnitine. γ-Butyrobetaine and acetyl-L-carnitine were competitive inhibitors of L-carnitine uptake. Carnitine transport was not significantly reduced by choline, betaine, lysine or γ-aminobutyric acid. Carnitine uptake was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, N2 atmosphere, KCN, N-ethylmaleimide, low temperature (4°C) and ouabain. Complete replacement of Na+ in the medium by Li+ reduced L- and D-carnitine uptake by 75 and 60%, respectively. Complete replacement of K+ or Ca2+ in the medium also significantly reduces carnitine uptake. Two roles for the carnitine transport system in kidney are proposed: (1) a renal tubule reabsorption system for the steady-state maintenance of plasma carnitine; and (2) maintenance of normal carnitine levels in kidney cells, which is required for fatty acid oxidation.
Depletion of the Shwachman-Diamond syndrome gene product, SBDS, leads to growth inhibition and increased expression of OPG and VEGF-A

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, and skeletal abnormalities, manifesting as skeletal dysplasia and osteoporosis. Mutations in SBDS have been shown to cause SDS, but the function of the SBDS gene product is unclear. Accelerated angiogenesis has recently been described in bone marrow cells from SDS patients. To clarify the unknown function of SBDS, we performed experiments analyzing the cellular effects of depleting SBDS by RNA interference. The growth of HeLa cells constitutively depleted of SBDS was markedly hindered when compared to cells stably transfected with siRNA against an irrelevant control gene. Similarly, growth of HeLa cells induced to express siRNA against SBDS was specifically inhibited. Inducible SBDS knockdown was associated with modestly increased levels of apoptosis, suggesting a partial contribution of this process to growth inhibition. By microarray analysis of knockdown cells, we found marked differences in expression of genes in multiple pathways, and we chose to examine a selected subset more closely using quantitative PCR arrays. In constitutive and inducible SBDS-depleted HeLa cell clones, we found 3- to 6-fold elevated mRNA levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG or TNFRSF11B) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). We confirmed significant overexpression of both secreted proteins by ELISA from supernatants of SBDS-depleted HeLa cells. Osteoprotegerin and VEGF-A are known to have diverse effects on osteoclast differentiation, angiogenesis, and monocyte/macrophage migration, all processes that may be aberrant in SDS, and we propose that overexpression of these factors may contribute to its pathology.
Mosaic histocompatibility of skin grafts from female mice.

The histoincompatibility determined by one or more genes on the X chromosome of the mouse effects a complete rejection of skin of the (C57BL/6 ♀ x BALB/c ♂) F1 hybrid male grafted onto the reciprocal type F1 hybrid male, but only an incomplete rejection of either reciprocal type F1 hybrid female skin, grafted onto the same type of male host. The resulting mosaic survival pattern of the female graft is interpreted as support for the Lyon hypothesis of X-chromosome inactivation.