cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab initio prediction of ordered ground-state structures in ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3

A coupled cluster expansion was used to direct an ab initio search for stable ordered structures on the cubic fluorite lattice across the ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}{\text{-Y}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$ composition range. The energies of 453 arrangements of (Zr, Y) cations and (O, vacancy) anions on the fluorite lattice were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) in the generalized gradient approximation. These DFT energies were used to construct a coupled cluster expansion that allowed the search for possible $T=0\text{ }\text{K}$ ground-state structures through $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}$ cation/anion configurations. Our approach correctly identifies the experimentally observed compound ${\text{Zr}}_{3}{\text{Y}}_{4}{\text{O}}_{12}$ and also predicts an as-yet-unobserved ordered structure with ${\text{Zr}}_{4}{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{11}$ stoichiometry. In the latter structure, vacancies are at second nearest neighbors from yttrium and every Zr has seven oxygen first nearest neighbors. The Zr-O bond lengths and oxygen coordination around Zr in the ${\text{Zr}}_{4}{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{11}$ ground state are nearly the same as those in monoclinic ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}$. We also predict structures at ${\text{Zr}}_{5}{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{13}$ and ${\text{Zr}}_{6}{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{15}$ that are stable with respect to cubic ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}$ but metastable with respect to monoclinic ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}$.
MOSFET electron inversion layer mobilities-a physically based semi-empirical model for a wide temperature range

A physically based semiempirical model for electron mobilities of the MOSFET inversion layers that is valid over a large temperature range (77 K >
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of a cyclic peptide: an inhibitor of HIV-1 tat-TAR interactions in human cells.

Abstract Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires specific interactions of Tat protein with the trans-activation responsive region (TAR) RNA, a 59-base stem-loop structure located at the 5′-end of all HIV mRNAs. A number of cyclic peptides are known to possess antibiotic activity and increased biological stability. Here we report the design, synthesis, and biological activity of a cyclic peptide (2 Download : Download high-res image (71KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . The structure of tripeptide (1) and cyclic peptide (2). ), which inhibits transcriptional activation by Tat protein in human cells with an IC50 of ≈40 nM. Cyclic peptides that can target specific RNA structures provide a new class of small molecules that can be used to control cellular processes involving RNA–protein interactions in vivo.
Reasons for Alcohol Use in Maritally Violent Men

This study compared the contexts and reasons for drinking of a maritally violent group as compared to three nonviolent comparison groups. We found that the maritally violent group reported higher levels of alcohol consumption in all of the drinking context items with the most significant differences being on drinking at home after work, at home while playing with the kids, at recreational activities, at home by oneself, on the job, at workday lunch, and with people after work. While we did find significant differences, the mean level of consumption in all contexts was relatively low. We found that the maritally violent men tended to drink to forget worries, pains, and stresses in their lives more so than the nonviolent groups. At least half the maritally violent men reported that drinking accompanied abusive events at least occasionally, while about one-third reported it often or very often accompanied their abuse. We concluded that while our findings indicate that alcohol use may facilitate marital violence, they also suggest that alcohol use and mental abuse may be symptoms of other individual, structural, or cultural norm factors. Therapy should not focus exclusively on alcohol use, but on underlying causes of both alcohol use and spouse abuse.
Interrelationship of Plant Architecture and Yield Components in the Pinto Bean Ideotype

Ideotype breeding in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has emphasized the selection of modified morphological traits that include upright, Type II (indeterminate) growth habit. Progress in the medium-seeded (≃40 g/100 seed) pinto bean appeared to have been limited by negative linkages between small seed size (≃20 g/100 seed) and desired architectural traits. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of seed weight and plant architecture, evaluate the genetic relationships among both traits, and to define a pinto bean ideotype for the humid midwestern USA. The genetic associations among three specific architectural traits, seed weight, and upright plant architecture were investigated in F 2 and F 2:3
Syringoperitoneal Shunt for Syringomyelia: A Preliminary Report

Syringoperitoneal shunting has been used in the treatment of 4 patients with idiopathic syringomyelia. The procedures have been performed without morbidity or mortality. Postoperative observation, ranging from 7 to 23 months, has not revealed progression of symptoms or failure of the shunt. The pathophysiological theories of syringomyelia are discussed, and various surgical procedures for syringomyelia are reviewed and their results compared to the effectiveness of the syringoperitoneal shunt.
Cardiovascular Dynamics, Blood Volumes, Renal Functions and Electrolyte Excretions in the Same Patients during Congestive Heart Failure and after Recovery of Cardiac Compensation

Largely on the basis of acute observations in cardiac patients during congestive heart failure and in noncardiac control subjects, two assumptions have been made: (a) that congestive heart failure develops as cardiovascular and renal functions change from the type found in the control subjects to the type found in decompensated cardiac patients, and (b) that a return to, or toward, the normal occurs in these functions as cardiac compensation is regained. That these assumptions are not necessarily valid is indicated by the herein reported simultaneous measurements of cardiovascular dynamics, renal functions, blood volumes and electrolyte excretions in eight patients during cardiac decompensation and after recovery of compensation.
Mi cigarro, mi Singer, y la revolución mexicana: la danza ciudadana de Nellie Campobello

The authors purpose here is to trace the profile of Mexican revolution in Nellie Campobellos main narratives works, 1931 Cartucho and 1937 Las manos de mama, linking them with her dancing practices developed throughout those same years. This article intends to underline the experimentalism of both, focusing the search for an alternative type of historicity in order to tell the events of the revolution and to develop a feminine-centric view on the war state. Finally, it situates Campobellos work in an understanding of the Mexican revolution as a sexual revolution.
Epicuticular wax variation in ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana

Quantification of the epicuticular wax from the stems of 40 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana showed a two-fold range in total wax load that was not correlated to known abiotic characteristics of the ecotype's origin of collection. Chemical analysis of these ecotypes revealed similar epicuticular wax profiles for all ecotypes except CT-1. In CT-1 the amount of 22 and 24 carbon length primary alcohols was increased by 16- and 8-fold, respectively, over that observed in the epicuticular wax averaged over all ecotypes.
Behavioral thermoregulation in a sexually and developmentally dichromatic neotropical primate, the black‐and‐gold howling monkey (Alouatta caraya)

Behavioral thermoregulation in primates may provide a means for the conservation of heat during periods of low ambient temperature and/or food shortage as well as a way to dissipate heat under hot conditions. This article focuses on behavioral thermoregulation in a sexually dichromatic primate, the black-and-gold howling monkey (Alouatta caraya). Two models have been proposed to explain the evolution of sexual dichromatism in this species: thermoregulation and sexual selection. Five hypotheses associated with thermoregulatory behaviors are tested. These are as follows: (1) energy-conserving postures are used mainly under low ambient temperatures; (2) sunny resting places are selected during periods of low temperature; (3) exposure of the less-insulated ventral region to sunlight decreases with increasing temperature; (4) black-colored adult males use energy-conserving postures, sunny places, and exposure of the ventral region to sunlight less frequently than do blonde-colored adult females; and (5) smaller individuals use energy-conserving postures, sunny places, and exposure of the ventral region to sunlight in significantly greater frequency than do larger individuals. Over a 12-month period, behavioral data were collected on a free-ranging habituated group of 15-17 howlers of all age-sex classes. Ambient temperature was measured each hour. The results indicate that during resting, howlers showed a consistent use of heat-conserving postures, showed a preference for sunny places, and exposed their ventral region to sunlight under low ambient temperatures. A preference for shady places, heat-dissipating postures, and exposure of the back were observed under high ambient temperatures. Despite sex differences in adult color patterns and differences in size between age classes, no significant age or sex differences in thermoregulatory behaviors were detected. Failure to confirm a thermoregulation model implies that sexual selection may be responsible for sexual dichromatism in this species.
Inflationary cosmology connecting dark energy and dark matter

Kination dominated quintessence models of dark energy have the intriguing feature that the relic abundance of thermal cold dark matter can be significantly enhanced compared to the predictions from standard cosmology. Previous treatments of such models do not include a realistic embedding of inflationary initial conditions. We remedy this situation by constructing a viable inflationary model in which the inflaton and quintessence field are the same scalar degree of freedom. Kination domination is achieved after inflation through a strong push or ``kick'' of the inflaton, and sufficient reheating can be achieved depending on model parameters. This allows us to explore both model-dependent and model-independent cosmological predictions of this scenario. We find that measurements of the B-mode cosmic microwave background polarization can rule out this class of scenarios almost model independently. We also discuss other experimentally accessible signatures for this class of models.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor expression and signal transduction in HIV-1-infected cells.

Objective To examine the inter-relationship between HIV-1 infection and the cell surface receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, an immunoregulatory cytokine that can enhance HIV-1 replication. Design Infected promyelocytic and promonocytic cells were examined because they normally express both types of TNF receptors. Methods TNF receptor surface expression was determined by specific monoclonal antibody recognition and flow cytometry, and signal transduction was detected by gel shift analysis. HIV-1 activation and expression was quantitated by reverse transcriptase assay. Results In the OM-10.1 promyelocytic model of chronic infection, TNF-alpha-induced HIV-1 expression also resulted in a substantial increase in 75 kd TNF receptor (TR75) expression although 55 kD TNF receptor (TR55) levels were not dramatically altered. A series of uninfected parental HL-60 subclones all reduced TR75 surface expression in response to TNF-alpha treatment. Enhanced TR75 expression on OM-10.1 cells followed the same TNF-alpha-dose dependency as that observed for HIV-1 production. An increase in TR75 expression was also evident during the peak of an acute HIV-1 infection of HL-60 promyelocytes. Although TR55 expression was unaltered during TNF-alpha-induced HIV activation, this receptor was still involved in the viral activation process. Antibody cross-linking of TR55, in the absence of exogenous TNF-alpha, induced maximal HIV-1 expression, an up-modulation of surface TR75, and nuclear NF-kappa B activity in OM-10.1 cultures. Surprisingly, this was the case even when an antagonistic anti-TR55 antibody was used. Anti-TR55 antibody cross-linking in chronically infected U1 promonocytic cultures could only partially substitute for TNF-alpha-induced HIV-1 expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that HIV-1 infection can selectively influence the surface expression of TNF receptors, potentially influencing its own expression and altering normal immunoregulatory signal transduction.
SU-FF-T-357: Modeling Thick-Target Bremsstrahlung Production by Compound-Poisson-Process Electron Multiple Scatter

Purpose: To develop an accurate analytic algorithm to model bremsstrahlung production in a linac target and to calculate the angular distribution of the primary photon energy spectrum. This provides an alternative to Monte Carlo calculation of the primary photon spectrum. Method and Materials: The Compound‐Poisson‐Process (CPP) method is used to calculate the directional distribution of electrons in the target at each depth, explicitly including multiple scatters at large angles. This CPP method is modified to include the electron loss of energy at depth in the thick target. The Schiff integral formula is used to compute the bremsstrahlung spectrum produced at each angle and depth, and the contributions are integrated over depth to yield the photon energy fluence spectrum as a function of polar angle. This formula makes no small‐angle approximations, so it should be accurate at all angles. Results: The primary (and attenuated first‐scatter) photon energy fluence distribution was computed for a 15 MeV electron beam incident on a thick lead target and compared to a measurement in the same geometry. Conclusion: It is hoped that an accurate analytic calculation of the bremsstrahlung energy fluence distribution emerging from a linear accelerator treatment head will provide a quick and useful alternative to Monte Carlo calculations of this same distribution.
Site of nitrous oxide production in field soils

Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes at the soil surface and concentrations at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m were determined in a 40-year-old planted tallgrass (XXX) prairie, a 40-year-old white pine (Pinus strobus) plantation, and field plots treated annually for 18 years either with 33 metric tons of manure ha−1 (330 kg N ha−1) and NH4NO3 (80 kg N ha−1) or with only NH4NO3 (control). Nitrous oxide fluxes from the prairie, forest, manure-amended, and control sites from 13 May to 10 November 1980 ranged from 0.2 to 1.3, 3.5 to 19.5, 3.7 to 79.0, and 1.7 to 24.8 ng N2O-N m−2s−1, respectively. We observed periods when there was no apparent relationship between the N2O flux from the surface and N2O concentrations in the soil profile. This was generally the case in the prairie and in the field sites following the application of N fertilizer. The N2O concentrations in the soil profile increased markedly and coincided with increased soil water content following periods of heavy rainfall for all sites except the prairie. Nitrous oxide concentration gradients indicate that following heavy rainfalls the site of N2O production was moved from the surface deeper into the soil profile. We suggest that the source of N2O production near the surface is nitrification and that N2O is produced by denitrification of NO3 leached into the soil following heavy rainfall.
Anticholinergic medication use for female overactive bladder in the ambulatory setting in the United States

Introduction and hypothesis Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with anticholinergic medication use by adult women for overactive bladder (OAB) in the United States.
Inflammation- and ischemia-induced shedding of venular glycocalyx.

Alterations in the composition of the glycocalyx of venular endothelium in postcapillary venules (rat mesentery) were explored in models of inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lectins wer...
Multivariable analysis of vr controllers with load line regulation and phase current balancing

The multivariable complexity of multiphase buck voltage regulators, is examined, including multi-input-multi-output models and multiple control objectives. Voltage regulation, load line regulation and phase current balancing are found to be competing control objectives. Decoupling control frameworks are proposed that resolve the multivariable conflict and simplify the controller design. Strategies for output impedance shaping are proposed. Simple current balancing control is demonstrated, which is also extended to provide novel phase shedding and asymmetrical current sharing control. This paper provides a complete voltage regulator control solution.
A neural network system for robot vision

The authors describe an approach to the development of a system of multiple neural networks for the purpose of recognizing and learning objects with position, rotation, and scaling independence. The approach involves the linking of several neural-network schemes (the Kohonen self-organizing network, the neocognitron, and the adaptive resonance theory network) into a larger system dedicated towards robot vision. Linking these networks together in a specified order should allow each network to contribute its strength to the overall process of recognizing and learning objects. >
Preventable mortality: does the perspective matter when determining preventability?

Abstract Background We report a novel approach to mortality review using a 360° survey and a multidisciplinary mortality committee (MMC) to optimize efforts to improve inpatient care. Methods In 2009, a 16-item, 360° compulsory quality improvement survey was implemented for mortality review. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare the responses by provider specialty, profession, and level of training using the Fisher exact and chi-square tests, as appropriate. We compared the agreement between the MMC review and provider-reported classification regarding the preventability of each death using the Cohen kappa coefficient. A qualitative review of 360° information was performed to identify the quality opportunities. Results Completed surveys (n = 3095) were submitted for 1683 patients. The possibility of a preventable death was suggested in the 360° survey for 42 patients (1.40%). We identified 502 patients (29.83%) with completed 360° surveys who underwent MMC review. The inter-rater reliability between the provider opinions regarding preventable death and the MMC review was poor (kappa = 0.10, P Conclusions The mortality survey yielded important information regarding inpatient deaths that historically was buried with the patient. Poor agreement between the 360° survey responses and an objective MMC review support the need to have a multipronged approach to evaluating inpatient mortality.
Heterogeneous methanation: Initial rate of CO hydrogenation on supported ruthenium and nickel

Abstract The initial rate of reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide was measured on supported Ru and Ni catalysts in a differential batch reactor. Using hydrogen adsorption to determine Ru and Ni surface areas, initial rates for methane and total hydrocarbon formation were expressed as turnover numbers. The initial rate of supported ruthenium was found to be independent of ruthenium particle size from
Analog smectic C* ferroelectric liquid crystal Fabry-Perot optical tunable filter

The first analog smectic C* ferroelectric liquid crystal tunable filter designed for the application of wavelength-division-multiplexing optical communication systems is presented. The filter demonstrated has a switching time of /spl sim/400 /spl mu/s, a tuning range of 14 nm at /spl lambda/=1550 nm, and a very small insertion loss of 0.7 dB. >
Transformation of cinoxacin by Beauveria bassiana

The ability of the fungus Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159 to transform the antibacterial agent cinoxacin was investigated. Cultures in sucrose–peptone broth were dosed with cinoxacin, grown for 20 days, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Two metabolites were detected and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The major metabolite was identified by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]cinnolin-4-one and the minor metabolite was identified as 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cinnolin-4-one. B. bassiana also reduced quinoline-3-carboxylic acid to 3-(hydroxymethyl)quinoline.
IPA for loss volume and buffer workload in tandem SFM networks

This paper considers congestion-related performance metrics in tandem networks of Stochastic Fluid Models (SFMs), and derives their IPA gradient estimators with respect to buffer sizes. Specifically, the performance metrics in question are the total loss volume and the cumulative buffer workload (buffer contents), and the control parameter consists of buffer limits at both the node where the performance is measured and at an upstream node. The IPA estimators are unbiased and nonparametric, and hence can be computed on-line from field measurements as well as off-line from simulation experiments. The IPA derivatives are applied to packet-based networks, where simulation results support the theoretical developments. Possible applications to congestion management in telecommunications networks are discussed.
Comparison of polyclonal induction agents in pediatric renal transplantation.

Collective pediatric data suggest that anti-T-cell induction therapy with polyclonal antibodies improves the outcome of both short- and long-term renal allograft survival. Polyclonal agents, including thymoglobulin (Thy), a rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin; Minnesota (horse) anti-lymphoblast globulin (ALG); and ATGAM, a horse anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), all suppress B and T cells. While no specific T-cell subset marker exists to measure the adequacy of immunosuppression with polyclonal induction, flow cytometric analysis has been used to evaluate the suppression of CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells. Thy is currently undergoing pediatric trials at our center, and we have utilized ATG and ALG in previous pediatric induction protocols. ALG (20 mg/kg/day) and ATG (15 mg/kg/day) were administered over 10 days, whereas Thy (2 mg/kg/day) was given over 5 days. All inductions were accompanied by preoperative intravenous solumedrol (10 mg/kg) followed by oral prednisone (2 mg/kg/day) with taper. Preoperative (1.5 mg/kg/day) and post-operative (2 mg/kg/day) azathioprine was administered to patients receiving ALG or ATG. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (1200 mg/m 2 /day) was given to the patients receiving Thy. Post-operative cyclosporin A (CsA) (14 mg/kg/ day) was started (for all groups) once renal function permitted (creatinine ,50% of baseline with brisk urine output) (trough goal 150-250 ng/mL via HPLC). Values for CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells were determined by flow cytometry in 2-18-yr-old renal transplant recipients, comparing the polyclonal induction agent utilized (Thy (n58), mean age 9.762.3 yr; ATG (n513), mean age 10.164.1 yr; and ALG (n59), mean age 9.363.7 yr) over days 2-10 post-induction. Data were expressed as the average percentage of cells remaining relative to the baseline T-cell subsets (day 15100%), because of the large age variation present in basal T-cell subset values. The flow cytometric data suggest that 5 days of Thy appears to give an equal or greater peripheral blood T-cell suppression by day 10 than a 10-day course of either ATG or ALG.
Anti‐musk antibody myasthenia gravis: Clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts

Neuroscience Department, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, ItalyAccepted 13 December 2010ABSTRACT: Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) patientswith autoantibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK)represent a distinct subset of those with this disease. Treatmentand outcomes data in these patients are limited and conflicting.Methods: We reviewed 110 MuSK-MG patients from two largeclinics in Italy and the USA. Results: Thirty-nine to 49% ofpatients with generalized, acetylcholine receptor antibody(AChR-Ab)–negative MG had MuSK-MG. Eighty-five percentwere female, with disease onset typically in the fourth decade.Ocular and/or bulbar symptoms were present at onset in 79%of those studied. Eighty-five percent were MGFA class III orgreater, and crisis occurred in 28%. Plasma exchange (PLEX)produced improvement in 93%, whereas only 61% improved af-ter intravenous immunoglobulin. Long-term outcomes werecomparable to those of patients with AChR-Ab–positive MG.Conclusions: MuSK-MG has a marked female predominancewith frequent oculobulbar weakness and crises. Many patientsdeteriorate rapidly early in the disease, and PLEX is usually thepreferred treatment. Long-term outcomes are similar to those ofpatients with AChR-Ab
Influence of polymer solubilization on latex behavior

The effect of solubilization of latex polymers was investigated in various anionic surfactant solutions. The process of solubilization was studied by measuring the increase in light transmission and viscosity of the latexes. It was found that anionic surfactants differ widely in their ability to solubilize a given polymer, and susceptibility to solubilization is significantly affected by comonomer content of the polymer. If, for example, a poly(vinyl acetate) latex is stabilized exclusivdly by a strongly solubilizing sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, it is less stable and hydrolyzes faster than a similar latex made with a polyoxyethylene derivative, which has only a slight solubilizing action. Dibutyl mateate copolymers of vinyl acetate are less susceptible to solubilization than hompolymers of vinyl acetate.
Surface Chemistry of Silicon and Germanium Treated with Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions: Slow Reactions of Process Residuals

Solutions of hydrofluoric acid are used extensively in the processing of semiconductors, primarily in etching and in oxide stripping procedures. Such solutions are often buffered with ammonium fluoride to insure constant oxide stripping rates. Infrared spectroscopy of silicon and germanium surfaces treated with such solutions indicates that a thin film of ammonium salts will deposit on the materials unless they are immediately and very thoroughly rinsed following treatment. This thin film, comprised initially of ammonium bifluoride (NH4FHF), reacts with the semiconductor material to form ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as a reactive intermediate, and ammonium hexafluorometallate ((NH4)2 SiF6 or (NH4)2 GeF6). These reactions occur very slowly, over hours or days. They are apparently driven by favorable thermodynamics. This explanation is supported by the absence of comparable reactions using analogous chlorine-based solutions (HCI/NH4 CI). Aspects of the reaction mechanism for hexafluorometallate production is presented.
Rare-earth intensity trials

An account is given of the preliminary steps that led to a parametrization of the absorption bands of rare-earth ions in aqueous solution.
Improving penetration testing through static and dynamic analysis

Penetration testing is widely used to help ensure the security of web applications. Using penetration testing, testers discover vulnerabilities by simulating attacks on a target web application. To do this efficiently, testers rely on automated techniques that gather input vector information about the target web application and analyze the application's responses to determine whether an attack was successful. Techniques for performing these steps are often incomplete, which can leave parts of the web application untested and vulnerabilities undiscovered. This paper proposes a new approach to penetration testing that addresses the limitations of current techniques. The approach incorporates two recently developed analysis techniques to improve input vector identification and detect when attacks have been successful against a web application. This paper compares the proposed approach against two popular penetration testing tools for a suite of web applications with known and unknown vulnerabilities. The evaluation results show that the proposed approach performs a more thorough penetration testing and leads to the discovery of more vulnerabilities than both the tools. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ethics of Waiting and Anticipating Life Beyond

Waiting is a common everyday experience. It is particularly important to person(s) and families living with changing complex health patterns and may be especially vital to those who are anticipating the end-of-life and beyond. The author in this column offers a discussion of potential definitions, meanings, and straight thinking responsibilities for healthcare professionals, as they provide professional services with persons and families who may be arduously experiencing the phenomenon of waiting with ever-changing health situations. Implications for professional nurse practice are offered from a humanbecoming perspective.
A Typology of Social Partnership Organizations

This article develops a typology of social partnership organizations to enhance understanding of the ways these organizations operate in the social arena, as well as their potential for social problem solving. First, social partnerships are carefully defined. Based on the degree of problem "divisibility, " two key determinants of partnership type are derived: the degree of interdependence among organizations involved in problem solving and the organizational level at which the problem is most salient. From these determinants, three "ideal" partnership types in which there is congruence between the determinants are distinguished: programmatic, federational, and systemic. Characteristics of each ideal type are described, and problems with potential hybrid types are discussed. Propositions are then developed, followed by a discussion of implications for practice and research.
Flashboard plasma characterization using spectroscopy

The plasma produced by a 10 cm*6 cm planar flashboard has been investigated by emission spectroscopy. The plasma composition, density, and temperature have been determined with time and space resolution using measurement of the relative intensity of spontaneous emission in different atomic and ionic transitions together with calculations based on a collisional-radiative equilibrium model. The (1-2)*10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ and (3-4) eV plasma flows away from the flashboard surface at a speed of about 10 cm/ mu s. A 1.7 cm/ mu s transverse velocity has been obtained from the Doppler width of an emission line. >
Current Knowledge about the Health Behavior of Young Children: A Conference Summary

Twenty-five researchers involved in work related to the health behavior of young children attended an invitational conference to achieve consensus regarding: (a) the definitions, research methods, instru ments, and variables that should guide future research into the health behavior of young children, and (b) the nature of the knowledge deficits that should be addressed by future research. The researchers examined the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors related to health behavior, the important types of health behavior of children, the valid indicators of health behavior, and the conceptual framework within which these things can be viewed effectively. Although the stated goal of the conference was not achieved (i.e., to gain consensus about a set of guidelines in order to focus directions in data collection and thereby to facilitate comparability of results), the conference did obtain interdisciplinary perspectives on the state of the theory, research instruments, and knowledge gaps in the he...
What Do They Know, and Whom Do They Hold Accountable? Citizens in the Government-Nonprofit Contracting Relationship

Devolution and pressures from elected officials and citizens to reduce government involvement in service provision have increasingly led many public agencies to contract with nonprofits for service delivery. In this article we consider the effects of the changing institutional arrangements governing the delivery of publicly funded social services on citizens' satisfaction and ability to hold service providers accountable. Specifically, we consider whether citizens are able to accurately identify service providers as nonprofit or governmental providers and investigate what drives individual perceived and actual use of nonprofits for social services; what the relationship is between perceived and actual use and a citizen's satisfaction with social services; and whether satisfaction with services influences the likelihood that citizens will correctly identify a provider as a nonprofit or governmental agency. Using public opinion data, we examine these questions empirically. Our results suggest that citizens are more likely to misidentify nonprofit service providers as governmental agencies when they are less satisfied with the services that they have received. The public management implications of contracting with nonprofit organizations and citizen satisfaction and accountability are discussed.
Endocarditis with massive aortic root abscess and atrioventricular septal destruction

Endocarditis involving the aortic root and intervalvular fibrous skeleton presents a reconstructive dilemma. We report a case of endocarditis involving the aortic root and tricuspid valve with extensive destruction of the atrioventricular septum. Debridement necessitated resection of the aortic root, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, and a large portion of atrioventricular septum, leaving the right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle and aorta in open communication. Reconstruction was accomplished by separating the left and right hearts with a Dacron patch, tricuspid valve replacement, and aortic root replacement. Proper planar localization of the aortic root was necessary to avoid left ventricular outflow obstruction and coronary torsion.
Message passing Bayesian Compressed Sensing for UWB pulse acquisition

The theory of compressed sensing has been applied to UWB systems for acquisition of UWB signals at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate. The UWB echo signal has lots of template redundancy which can be exploited to make the sparse UWB signal even sparser. This paper proposes a message passing Bayesian Compressed Sensing (BCS) algorithm to utilize the template redundancy for reducing the number of measurements and improving the capability of combating noise. Simulation results show the proposed massage passing BCS algorithm outperforms the original BCS and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithms.
Some Characteristics of Tantalum Films

This paper describes the various deposition methods that have been found suitable for the production of vacuum-deposited tantalum films. The properties of these films are related to the method of deposition and to the physical characteristics of bulk tantalum. A brief account of the history and uses of tantalum is given. A present-day use of great potential importance is the fabrication of miniature electrical components and microcircuits from tantalum and tantalum films. Tantalum films are difficult to produce by normal techniques because of the high melting temperature of the metal, low vapor pressure at the melting point, and the ability of the films to adsorb large quantities of residual gases from the vacuum system. Suitable vacuum deposition techniques are described in detail: sublimation from a heated wire or ribbon in high vacuum, electron bombardment, cathodic sputtering, and a vacuum-arc technique developed by the author. The electrical characteristics of sputtered tantalum films obtained by other workers are compared with those of vacuum-arc deposited films, showing that whereas the former have temperature coefficients of resistance of a low value and a slightly negative slope, the latter have a higher TGR with a positive slope. This suggests that the sputtered films have a higher impurity content than the arc-deposited films. The superconducting transitions of vacuum-arc deposited films produced in a vacuum of 5 × 10−6 torr are compared with those of the very pure films obtained by Marchand and Venema in a vacuum of better than 1 × 10−10 torr.
Evolution of visual art with dopaminergic therapy.

A patient with right-side-predominant Parkinson’s disease presented visual artwork which improved in resemblance to the model which he was copying with increasing doses of levodopa. I propose that increased dopaminergic replacement resulted in improved attention to detail, mediated by circuitry in the left hemisphere.
The Structure of Rapidly Solidified Powders of Ni3Al and Ni3 Al + B + Ti

Powders of stoichiometric Ni3Al and Ni3Al containing boron and titanium were produced by rapid solidification rate (RSR) processing. Most particles were found to be spherical; some had skins and some contained holes. Fractured particles were found, indicating possible brittleness. Particle size distributions were log-normal with an arithmetic mean particle size of 23.5µm. Both alloys exhibited a dendritic structure in which compositional differences were present. In addition, stoichiometric Ni3Al contained interdendritic lamellae. X-ray diffractometry indicated that the powders were only partially ordered.
NI-14THE DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING DERIVED INFLECTION B-VALUE AS A POTENTIAL MARKER FOR BRAIN TUMOR HETEROGENEITY

BACKGROUND: Diffusion-weighted MR (DWI) images are collected at different diffusion weightings (b-values) and the corresponding signal decreases as b-value increases. Typically, images are collected at two b-values to calculate an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Calculating ADC in this way involves the underlying assumption that the diffusion-related signal decay is monoexponential. However, studies have shown this is often not the case at higher b-values (b > 1000 s/mm2). In this study, a biexponential model is used to model the DWI signal in a rat U87 brain tumor model. The inflection b-value (binf) is also introduced. This parameter is the b-value where the signal begins to deviate from monoexponential. METHODS: Eight male Athymic nude rats were inoculated with U87 brain tumor cells and imaged on day 18 post-inoculation without any treatment. Pre and post contrast T1-weighted images were collected. DWI images were acquired prior to contrast injection with b = 0,50,100,150,200,400,600,800,1000,2000,3000 s/mm2. Tumor ROIs were determined from the contrast-enhancing region on the T1 + C images. Contralateral normal ROIs were also drawn. The DWI signal was fit with a biexponential model: S/S0 = ffast*exp(-b*Dfast) + (1-ffast)*exp(-b*Dslow). The inflection b-value was computed as the minimum of the third derivative of the natural log of the biexponential fit. Biexponential parameters and binf were compared between tumor and normal tissue with a paired two-sample t-test. RESULTS: No differences were seen between tumor and normal tissue for any of the biexponential parameters. The inflection b-value (binf) was significantly lower in tumor compared to normal tissue (1920(160) vs. 3280(340) respectively, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The inflection b-value (i.e. the b-value where the DWI signal deviates from monoexponential) was lower in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Deviation from monoexponential behavior is thought to occur due to the presence of multiple diffusion pools and restrictions to water movement. Therefore, binf is a potential marker of tumor heterogeneity and/or invasion.
Significance of RNA Recombination in Capsid Protein-Mediated Virus-Resistant Transgenic Plants

Concerns over the environmental release of transgenic organisms that contain genes from other species range from moral issues to the potential flow of the transgenic genes to related species through normal outcrossing. One concern unique to virus-resistant transgenic plants is that all or a portion of the viral gene may be incorporated by RNA recombination into a different plant virus that may infect the transgenic plant. RNA recombination is a fundamental viral evolutionary mechanism. It occurs when the viral replication complex switches templates during synthesis of a complementary RNA strand and results in chimeric RNA molecules that represent a combination of two or more templates. Recombination between a challenging virus and the viral transgene could result in chimeric viruses with unique phenotype.
An Unsealed Package: The Ninth Circuit Creates a Circuit Split When Interpreting FDA Regulations on Food Label Nutrient Content Claims in Reid v. Johnson & Johnson

On March 13, 2015, in Reid v. Johnson & Johnson, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the statement “No Trans Fat” on the label of Benecol, a food that contains between 0 and 0.5 grams of trans fat, was not a permitted nutrient content claim. The court held that such a statement made on the label was false or misleading and was therefore not authorized by Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) regulations. The court came to this conclusion despite the Third Circuit reaching the opposite conclusion in 2013, in Young v. Johnson & Johnson, regarding the same statement on the same product. Although FDA regulations do not expressly discuss the permissibility of a “No Trans Fat” nutrient content claim, the FDA issued two warning letters stating that this nutrient content claim is unauthorized. This Comment argues that the conflict between the Third and Ninth Circuits demonstrates the need for the FDA to revisit regulations pertaining to trans fat nutrient content claims.
Special Safety Anesthetic Requirements for Pediatric Patients in the MR Environment

In this article, we review recent updates in special safety considerations for the anesthetic management of pediatric patients in the MR environment. We discuss the inherent risks and hazards of the MR environment itself and necessary safety precautions. We evaluate the patient risk factors that may impact a safe sedation or anesthesia. We present unique challenges and limitations of equipment and monitors essential to provide a safe anesthetic. Fundamental aspect of MRI is not within the scope of this article and will not be discussed. In addition, anesthetic techniques which include both nonpharmacological and pharmacological will not be discussed.
Sensitivity of the Quick Color Test for Indicating Lead Release from Ceramicware

A quick color test (QCT) for indicating the presence of leachable Pb on ceramicware was evaluated as a screening tool. Fourteen sets of cups and mugs (197 pieces) of undecorated glazed ceramicware were tested. The QCT indicated the presence of leachable Pb on 95% of the cups and mugs at or above approximately 2 micrograms/mL. The QCT is an inexpensive and rapid qualitative test for Pb that can be conducted with a portable kit.
Nicotine addiction: past, present and future. Marian Fischman lecture given at the 2007 meeting of CPDD.

0 d I would like to focus my talk today on y work in nicotine addiction and disuss some of the highlights from my past esearch, my current research and future irections. My research in this area began ecause of my poor success in running a ehavioral health clinic at the University f Minnesota, Department of Psychiary. In order to salvage my reputation, I anted to convert the clinic into one that ad a research focus, which led me to eek out my graduate school mentor, Dr. oy Pickens, who at that time was studyng cigarette smoking behavior and who as always full of innovative ideas. In the arly 1980s, there were no medications arketed in the U.S. for the treatment of icotine addiction. We noted that smokrs experienced withdrawal symptoms hen they quit smoking and believed hese withdrawal symptoms may be an mpediment to successful smoking cessaion. Therefore, we thought developing a reatment that reduces these withdrawal ymptoms may enhance treatment sucess. Dr. Pickens introduced me to Dr. ohn Hughes, who at that time was post-doctoral student in the School f Public Health and was interested in obacco addiction. When Dr. Hughes nd I explored the literature, we found hat the existing studies described varous symptoms of tobacco withdrawal, ut no comprehensive study of the with-
Photoreceptors and Photoprocesses in the Living Cell

Living organisms from bacteria to man exhibit various kinds of sensitivity to the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum of energy. This is seen in behavior, for an organism will bend, move, or swim toward or away from a light source. Such behavior is described as phototropism and phototaxis. Plant cells utilize solar radiation directly in photosynthesis. In animals, photo-sensory cells evolved, giving rise to eyes and to vision. Other photobiological phenomena are now known, such as photoperiodism and photomorphogenesis, which control many developmental growth processes as well as hormonal stimulation of the sexual cycles, the timing of the flowering of plants, and the color and shade changes in the skin of animals. Also, there is photodynamic action, the photosensitization by a molecule which becomes activated by light and causes destructive photooxidation in the cell, and photoreactivation, the recovery of ultraviolet damage by visible radiation.
Violence is morally motivated to regulate social relationships

Virtuous violence theory proposes that the perpetrator intends to harm or kill in order to constitute a social relationship to make it correspond with a prescriptive model of what the relationship ought to be – what it must be made to be. For our purposes, a social relationship consists of complementarity between the actions of the participants: each participant’s actions fit previous actions by the other and presuppose “fitting” actions by the other(s), such that the actions of each are incomplete without the congruent action by the other(s). That is, the acts of each are part of a whole that none of them can bring off alone. We encompass in the terms “act” and “actions” not simply the morphology of movements, but also, crucially, the participant’s intentions, moral judgments, and motives (often consciously experienced as emotions). Furthermore, each participant implicitly or explicitly aims to induce completion of her acts: she intends to motivationally evoke and morally invoke the congruent actions that will complete or dynamically sustain the jointly constructed pattern. That is, a participant expects the other(s) to do their part, in the predictive sense, in the hopeful sense, and in the evaluative sense of judging the others’ actions according to how well they complete the intended gestalt. A football game is only football if the opposing players hit each other as hard as they can; the offense can only play offense, blocking and knocking down defenders, against a tackling defense. Fundamental ways of relating: the four elementary relational models Relational models theory (RMT) posits that people in all cultures coordinate nearly all aspects of most social activities by four fundamental relational models (RMs) (Fiske, 1991, 1992, 2000; Fiske and Haslam, 2005). People use these implicit, intrinsically motivated RMs to generate, understand, and evaluate interaction. The models are communal sharing (CS), authority ranking (AR), equality matching (EM), and market pricing (MP). At this point, over 275 researchers have used a great variety of methods to study many social and cognitive phenomena in diverse cultures, and have published hundreds of experimental, ethnographic, interpretive, theoretical, analytic, and philosophical papers, dissertations, and books supporting, extending, or applying RMT (www.rmt.ucla.edu). An essential aspect of these models is the four fundamental motives that underlie most moral judgment, emotions, and behavior: unity, hierarchy, equality, and proportionality (Rai and Fiske, 2011).