cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the influence of material parameters on electrical conductivity of cement pastes and concretes

This paper reports investigations on the influence of material parameters on electrical conductivity of cement pastes and concrete mixtures. The influence of cement type, water/cementitious materials ratio (w/cm), and the presence of fly ash as a cement replacement material on the conductivity of cement pastes is studied. The electrical conductivity–time relationships of cement pastes and concretes are expressed using a model that facilitates the extraction of initial and final conductivities, and a characteristic time parameter. These terms can be used to derive information about the microstructural changes occurring with time in cement pastes. A fractional factorial experiment scheme consisting of five factors—w/cm, fly ash content, aggregate–cementitious materials ratio (a/cm), aggregate size, and curing condition (saturated or sealed), with each factor at two levels (+1 or −1 corresponding to high and low levels)—is used for concrete mixtures. The experimental results are subjected to a range analysis...
Esophageal palliation--photodynamic therapy/stents/brachytherapy.

Early spread of esophageal cancer and absence of symptoms in patients who have early cancer results in the majority of patients presenting with incurable cancer. The primary treatment for patients who have metastatic disease or unresectable disease is palliation of dysphagia and maintenance of adequate oral nutrition [1,2]. Even after aggressive treatment with combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, many patients present with locally recurrent or persistent symptomatic disease [3]. Malignant dysphagia, defined as difficulty with swallowing due to cancer, results from a partially or completely obstructed esophageal lumen and leads to malnutrition, aspiration, and sialorrhea. Frequent pulmonary infections may be caused by regurgitation of food, vocal cord paralysis, or tracheoesophageal (TE) fistulae. Many patients who have advanced cancer are sufficiently debilitated to prevent safe palliation with surgery or chemotherapy and radiation. In such patients, endoluminal therapies can improve the quality of life by relieving dysphagia [1–3]. Such therapies include photodynamic therapy, esophageal brachytherapy, and esophageal expandable metal stents.
Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity: A graft-versus-host-like disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a T cell-mediated disease seen most commonly after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Rarely, a GVHD-like disease can be seen in patients with malignant thymoma. We describe a 50-year-old man with malignant thymoma who developed skin, liver, and intestinal manifestations similar to that seen in GVHD. We also review other reported cases of GVHD-like manifestations in the setting of thymoma and propose "thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity" as a name for this novel disease. Specifically, thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity is defined as a disease of the liver, intestine, or skin, which on histopathology resembles GVHD but is seen in the setting of malignant thymoma and not after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Battlefield connectivity via airborne communications nodes

Communications are essential to support today's information- rich tactics with distributed forces in a non-linear battlespace. Rapid deployment requirements and limited air/sea lift capability makes it difficult to transport and emplace communications infrastructure equipment in a timely manner. Furthermore, mobile forces quickly out-run fixed communications infrastructure and lose contact with command, support, and intelligence sources. What is needed is a reliable, easily deployed theater-wide communications network to provide the connectivity to separated forces; a mechanism for supplying this is a network of airborne communications nodes. A UAV flying at high altitude (65,000 ft) can provide line of sight connectivity (at up to 150 mi radius) between users that are not within line of sight of each other, and could relay communications through ground or on-board satellite gateways to provide world-wide connectivity. Since a high-altitude, long-endurance UAV (such as the Global Hawk) self-deploys from a great distance, there is no local infrastructure burden to provide this capability. Furthermore, since the range to the ground is relatively short, communications links can be established with even hand-held, low-power radios; heavy ground communications gear is not needed. This paper explores the utility of the UAV communication node concept, discussing applications, capabilities, and networking possibilities. In particular, UAVs, other aircraft, and selected ground sites could provide a backbone network for data communications on a 'warfighter's Internet.'© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multiple myeloma terminating in acute eosinophilic leukemia

Abstract A 71-year-old woman with multiple myeloma was successfully managed for 8 years with melphalan (total dose 2056 mg). She developed a refractory anemia (myelodysplastic state), which terminated in acute eosinophilic leukemia. This form of acute leukemia, induced by chemotherapy, appears to be very rare. The cytogenetic changes, including 5q− and monosomy 7, were similar to those observed in other patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia as a secondary malignancy following treatments of other primary tumors.
Long-term potentiation in mice lacking synapsins

Synapsin I and synapsin II are widely expressed synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins that have been proposed to play an important role in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. To gain further insight into the functional significance of the phosphorylation sites on the synapsins, we have examined a number of synaptic processes thought to be mediated by protein kinases in knockout mice lacking both forms of synapsin (Rosahl et al., 1995). Long-term potentiation (LTP) at both the mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse and the Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapse appears normal in hippocampal slices prepared from mice lacking synapsins. Moreover, the effects on synaptic transmission of forskolin at MF synapses and H-7 at synapses on CA1 cells are also normal in the mutant mice. These results indicate that the synapsins are not necessary for: (1) the induction or expression of two different forms of LTP in the hippocampus, (2) the enhancement in transmitter release elicited by activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and (3) the depression of synaptic transmission caused by H-7. Although disappointing, these results are important in that they exclude the most abundant family of synaptic phosphoproteins as an essential component of long-term synaptic plasticity.
Sweat‐testing in preterm and full‐term infants less than 6 weeks of age

Our objective was to examine the characteristics of preterm and full-term infants or = 75 mg) were obtained for analysis in 73.8% of initial attempts in the infant group. The following characteristics were associated with increased odds of obtaining a quantity not sufficient (QNS) for sweat chloride concentration measurement: African-American race, infant weight or = 36 weeks postmenstrual age, > 2,000 g, and > 3 days postnatal age. Maturational factors have a mild impact on sweat chloride concentration.
Single crystal growth of Tl-based superconductors

Abstract Large single crystals of Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 and Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8 superconductors were grown by a two-step self-flux process. In the first step, a mixture of Tl 2 O 3 , BaO (and CaO for 2212 crystals) and CuO was heated at 940°C for about ten minutes to form bulk superconductors. In the second step, the bulk compound was re-ground, re-pelletized and placed into an Al 2 O 3 crucible which was then sealed. The sealed crucible was heated up to above melting point of the bulk superconductor. The crystals were grown as the temperature cooled down slowly. Crystals are plate-like with in-plane crystal size as large as 12 mmx8 mm and the thickness range from 20 μm to 0.8 mm. X-ray diffraction experiments, SEM and other chemical analysis results have shown the crystals to be of high quality and chemically uniform.
Spectrophotometric method for the determination of small amounts of sulfur in organic compounds: A semimicro and micro method

Abstract A rapid colorimetric method for the determination of sulfur in organic compounds is described. The method is very general in scope and permits the determination of organic sulfur in the presence of other negative elements such as chlorine, phosphorus, and nitrogen, without cumbersome and time-consuming separations. It is possible to determine sulfur in semi-micro, micro, and trace amounts using essentially the same technique.
Antiparkinsonian drugs and in vitro excitotoxicity.

Abstract N- Methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of Parkinson's disease. Because some antiparkinsonian drugs have NMDA antagonist properties, we examined their effects on NMDA toxicity, measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, in neuron-enriched cerebrocortical cultures. Amantadine reduced NMDA toxicity with half-maximal reduction at ∼ 30 μM, while trihexyphenidyl, l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -DOPA), bromocriptine and selegiline were ineffective, and benztropine was itself toxic. Amantadine and related drugs could not only reduce parkinsonian symptoms, but also modify underlying neurodegenerative processes.
Rice production and climate change: design and development of a GIS database to complement simulation models

A cooperative project between the International Rice Research Institute in Los Banos, Philippines, and the U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, was initiated to estimate how rice yield in Asia might be affected by future climate change and enhanced UV-B irradiance following stratospheric ozone depletion. A radiative transfer model was used to estimate daily UV-B irradiance levels using remotely sensed ozone and cloud cover data for 1274 meteorological stations. A rice yield model using daily climatic data and cultivar-specific coefficients was used to predict changes in yield under given climate change scenarios. This paper gives an overview of the data required to run these two models and describes how a geographical information system (GIS) was used as a data pre- or postprocessor. Problems in finding reliable datasets such as cloud cover data needed for the UV-B radiation model and radiation data needed for the rice yield model are discussed. Issues of spatial and temporal scales are also addressed. Using simulation models at large spatial scales helped identify weaknesses of GIS data overlay and interpolation capabilities. Even though we focussed our efforts on paddy rice, the database is not intended to be system specific and could also be used to analyze the response of other natural systems to climatic change.
Immediate versus tailored prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic recurrences after surgery for ileocecal Crohn's disease?

Background Studies have not established the optimal role for prophylaxis after surgery for Crohn's disease. Some suggest treatment should be initiated within the first month after surgery, whereas others advocate targeted treatment after endoscopic recurrence. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of these competing approaches. Methods One hundred and ninety-nine Crohn's disease patients who underwent ileocecectomy between September 1993 and April 2008 were retrospectively divided into 3 groups based on treatment timing: immediate, tailored, and none. Groups were compared for differences in demographics, pathology, and surgical technique (Chi-square, ANOVA). Rate of symptomatic recurrence (Chi-square), and time to symptomatic recurrence were analyzed (log rank, multivariate Cox proportional hazards). Results Sixty-nine (34.7%) received immediate prophylaxis, 32 (16.1%) received tailored prophylaxis, and 98 (49.3%) did not receive any prophylaxis. The groups were similar, though patients receiving immediate prophylaxis were younger and less likely to be lost to follow-up. At 5 years, 62 (31.2%) patients had endoscopic, 46 (23.1%) had symptomatic, and 22 (11%) had surgical recurrences. On simple univariate analysis, patients treated in a tailored fashion at time of endoscopic recurrence appeared more likely than patients treated with immediate prophylaxis to have symptomatic recurrence (43.7% vs 28.9%; P = .02), However, when censored for length of follow-up on multivariate analysis, the only enduring predictor of symptomatic recurrence was Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = .048). Timing of treatment, medicine used for immunoprophylaxis, age, history of prior resection, presence of active disease, and type of anastomosis were not predictive of symptomatic recurrence. Conclusion Patients offered prophylaxis tailored to endoscopic recurrence have a similar time to symptomatic recurrence as those offered prophylaxis immediately. This suggests that a tailored treatment within a strict protocol of preemptive endoscopic surveilance may be reasonable.
Automated Notation of Piano Recordings for Historic Performance Practice Study

We describe a system that automatically notates a comparative visualization of multiple recorded performances of the same musical work. Written musical scores have transmitted basic performance information to musicians over the ages; however, these scores only provide skeletal instructions that must be fleshed out in performance, as musical notation describes phrasing, articulation, dynamics, accentuation, and other ornamentations in generalized and ambiguous forms. Consequently, musical performances derived from the same notation can vary widely from each other in the same manner that a written text may be spoken with intense emotion or in flat monotone. Prior to the advent of recording technology, musical performances were ephemeral, only occurring once, never to be heard again in exactly the same rendition. As a result, musical interpretations were informed only by live listening. Now, with more than a century of recorded performance practice, musicians can delve deeper into the history of their aural art to gain inspiration and insight from sources that would otherwise have been inaccessible. Performers have become interested in giving performances inspired by recordings of the past, which often obey a musical common sense alien to the standards of modern practice, and it is useful for historically informed performers to describe, analyze, emulate, and internalize the performance styles of the past through the detailed study of recordings. Although much can be learned by listening, a visual interface may reveal potentially inaudible details of a recording. Because performers interact daily with traditional musical notation—a sophisticated, if ambiguous, multidimensional visualization of musical information—one approach to the design of such an interface leverages performers' existing knowledge by reducing the gap between data visualization and traditional musical notation as much as possible. Using Abjad, a Python-based tool for musical composition, the symbols of conventional staff notation are augmented to illustrate the intensity and temporal proximity of performed musical events graphically, thus facilitating the comparison of individual performances and the study of changes in performance aesthetics over time.
Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation in photonic crystal fibers for broadband visible wavelength generation

We investigate the dependence of Cherenkov radiation (CR) on pump pulse parameters and its evolution along the propagation distance. Using a Ti:sapphire laser emitting 10fs pulses as the pump source, we demonstrate highly efficient (>40%), broadband (>50nm) CR in the visible-wavelength range with a threshold energy less than 100pJ and a tuning range over 100nm.
Influence of Cloud Condensation Nuclei on Orographic Snowfall

Abstract Pollution aerosols acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) have the potential to alter warm rain clouds via the aerosol first and second indirect effects in which they modify the cloud droplet population, cloud lifetime and size, rainfall efficiency, and radiation balance from increased albedo. For constant liquid water content, an increase in CCN concentration (NCCN) tends to produce an increased concentration of droplets with smaller diameters. This reduces the collision and coalescence rate, and thus there is a local reduction in rainfall. While this process applies to warm clouds, it does not identically carry over to mixed-phase clouds in which crystal nucleation, crystal riming, crystal versus droplet fall speed, and collection efficiency play active roles in determining precipitation amount. Sulfate-based aerosols serve as very efficient cloud nuclei but are not effective as ice-forming nuclei. In clouds where precipitation formation is dominated by the ice phase, NCCN influences precipi...
A discrete time population control model

Abstract A discrete time stochastic model is assumed to describe the growth behavior of a natural animal, pest, or even epidemic population. Periodically, control action representing, for example, harvesting or exterminating can be taken to modify the future growth of the population. Dynamic programming can be used to generate optimal control policies for models where growth and control produce economically measurable benefit or cost. This paper uses dynamic programming to find conditions under which the classically simple “single critical number policy” is optimal. These conditions are then expanded to include a wide range of control models and the optimal policy obtained is characterized as a “single critical function policy.”
Role of antral puncture in the treatment of sinusitis in the intensive care unit

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether maxillary sinus puncture caused an alteration in antibiotic treatment and thus affected the outcome of sinusitis in the intensive care unit. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was done of cases of maxillary sinus puncture between 1991 and 1994. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were identified. All patients had findings suggestive of sinusitis on plain sinus films or CT scans of the sinuses. Twenty-five punctures (60%) recovered pus, of which 80% grew organisms. Fourteen patients (33%) had a negative lavage, and 12% of these samples grew organisms (p = 0.001). Sixty-eight percent of the cultures identified a single organism compared with 32% with multiple organisms. Gram-negative organisms were found most commonly, followed by anaerobes. In 57% of the cases antibiotic therapy was changed. In 77% of the cases the change was directed by the culture result and in 35% the therapy was changed despite a negative culture result (p = 0.002). Resolution of symptoms occurred in 83% of patients who had antibiotics changed whereas with no change in antibiotics only 42% had resolution (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: A sinus puncture seems to be helpful in patients with fever and positive findings on sinus films. If pus is obtained by maxillary puncture, a positive culture may be found in 80% of the cases. Changes in antibiotic regimen on the basis of culture findings seem to give a better outcome. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:381-4.)
Self-assembly in linker-modified microemulsions

Linker molecules are added to microemulsion systems to enhance the interaction between the surfactant and oil (lipophilic linkers) or water (hydrophilic linkers) phases. Previous results suggest that when lipophilic and hydrophilic linkers are combined they behave as a self-assembled surfactant at the oil/water interface. In this work we investigate this self-assembly phenomenon as a function of surfactant, linker and electrolyte concentration. We find that middle phase microemulsion appears at a specific concentration higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), which we denote as the critical middle phase microemulsion concentration (CmicroC). When the lipophilic linker dodecanol is added in equimolar ratio to the hydrophilic linker sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate (SMDNS), the middle phase microemulsion did not appear until the surfactant sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (SDHS) concentration was larger than the CmicroC of the SDHS-alone system. Dodecanol is shown to segregate near the surfactant tails following a Langmuir-type adsorption process. This segregation is not affected by the electrolyte concentration but is significantly reduced when the surfactant (SDHS) concentration approaches the CmicroC. The data suggest that the self-assembly between hydrophilic and lipophilic linkers to form middle phase microemulsions is only possible if a minimum amount of surfactant is present.
Clinical characteristics, biologic behavior, and survival after esophagectomy are similar for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and the distal esophagus.

Objective The Siewert classification system differentiates between adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and that of the distal esophagus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there were differences in the location and prevalence of lymph node metastases, type of recurrence, and survival with these tumors that warrant distinguishing between them in clinical practice. Methods Records of all patients who underwent resection for adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or gastroesophageal junction from 1987 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the endoscopic location of the epicenter of the tumor in relation to the gastroesophageal junction, tumors were categorized in 301 patients as being of the distal esophagus and in 208 as being of the gastroesophageal junction. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, or body mass index between patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. Patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus were more likely to have reflux symptoms (75% vs 53%, P Conclusion The prevalence and distribution of lymph node metastases in patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction were similar, and after esophagectomy, there was no difference in overall survival or recurrence. Efforts to differentiate between these tumors are unnecessary, and both are effectively treated with esophagectomy.
The mixing efficiency of interfacial waves breaking at a ridge: 1. Overall mixing efficiency

[1] The overall mixing efficiency of periodic, interfacial waves breaking at a Gaussian ridge is investigated through laboratory experiments. Cumulative measurements are used to investigate the fraction of the wave energy lost in the breaking event that contributes to irreversible mixing of the background density gradient. Using the tank as a control volume, the distribution of energy into reflected waves, transmitted waves, and dissipation and irreversible mixing from the breaking event is determined. The overall fraction of wave energy lost in the breaking event that is converted irreversibly to mixing is found to be 3–8%, which is low compared with typical values of around 20% for steady, parallel, stratified shear instabilities. Spatial variability in the mixing event may contribute to the relatively low overall efficiency of the event.
Elastic scattering theory and transport in graphene

Electron properties of graphene are described in terms of Dirac fermions. Here we thoroughly outline the elastic scattering theory for the two-dimensional massive Dirac fermions in the presence of an axially symmetric potential. While the massless limit is relevant for pristine graphene, keeping finite mass allows for generalizations onto situations with broken symmetry between the two sublattices and provides a link to the scattering theory of electrons in a parabolic band. We demonstrate that the Dirac theory requires short-distance regularization for potentials which are more singular than $1∕r$. The formalism is then applied to scattering off a smooth short-ranged potential. Next, we consider the Coulomb potential scattering, where the Dirac theory is consistent for a point scatterer only for the effective impurity strength below $1∕2$. From the scattering phase shifts we obtain the exact Coulomb transport cross section in terms of the impurity strength. The results are relevant for transport in graphene in the presence of impurities that do not induce scattering between the Dirac points in the Brillouin zone.
Non-satellite based field communications system for battlefield deployments

Many wireless systems used by military ground personnel are satellite based. This paper explores a hybrid system that benefits from both satellite and terrestrial wireless technologies while overcoming the limitations of each. We present the architecture, describe the merits, and then explain the essence of the system: IP Flow mobility. After introducing this concept, we describe some of the important aspects that specifically relate to mobility and security.
Thermal Management of Heat Generating Devices in Close Proximity on Printed Circuit Boards

This study uses experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics models to predict the behavior of the localized thermal interactions between adjacent components on vertically orientated circuit boards in natural convection. Using the developed models, the effects of power density, component proximity, component geometry, circuit board material, board packing density and board separation distance on the maintenance of optimal operating temperatures for all components are investigated. The device separation distance beyond which the components no longer thermally influence each other is identified and the influence of various parameters on this distance is studied. The parametric study is designed using Design of Experiments methodology to best interpret the interaction between parameters and can easily be applied to other packaging situations to allow designers to optimally place components on a circuit board in close proximity to minimize negative thermal interactions.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Performance of drive members in feedback control systems

Limitations of system performance due to a mechanical structure are discussed, and practical methods of improving the performance of fire control systems with this limitation are illustrated.
Modified Generalized Valence-Bond Method: A Simple Correction for the Electron Correlation Missing in Generalized Valence-Bond Wave Functions; Prediction of Double-Well States for Cr 2 and Mo 2

A new method for wave functions especially suited to studies of transition-metal systems is proposed and applied to ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$, where it provides accurate bond energies and bond distances. The resulting potential curve for ground state ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$ has a double well, and experiments to detect this unusual feature are suggested. The ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ studies lead to an assignment for the long-lived emitter observed in matrix studies (it is the $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{*}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{+}$ state).
Institutional racism, neighborhood factors, stress, and preterm birth

Objective. Racial/ethnic disparities in the risk of preterm birth may be explained by various factors, and previous studies are limited in examining the role of institutional racism. This study focused on the following questions: what is the association between preterm birth and institutional racism as measured by residential racial segregation (geographic separation by race) and redlining (black–white disparity in mortgage loan denial); and what is the association between preterm birth and reported stress, discrimination, and neighborhood quality.Design. We used data from a clinic-based sample of pregnant women (n = 3462) participating in a stress and pregnancy study conducted from 1999 to 2004 in Philadelphia, PA (USA). We linked data from the 2000 US Census and Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data from 1999 to 2004 and developed measures of residential redlining and segregation.Results. Among the entire population, there was an increased risk for preterm birth among women who were older, unmarried,...
Imperialism, crime and criminology: Towards the decolonisation of criminology

Cohen (1988) once concluded that it is ironic that critics in the West are identifying forms of social control that are more traditional in the Third World as better alternatives to the neo–classical and positivistic repressive traditions in the West while some suggest that what they found malignant in the West should be exported to the Third World as benign. In this paper, I am going beyond Western crime control models to examine the character of criminology itself as an imperialist science for the control of others.
Active vibration control of a structure by implementing filtered-X LMS algorithm

This paper presents the real-time experimental results of active vibration control (AVC) of a structure similar to a small-scale model of housing for sensitive machinery. This structure is excited by a shaker to simulate an undesired vibration. Either a single accelerometer or combination of accelerometers placed at various locations is used as an error sensor for generating an error signal and synthesizing a reference signal. An offline modeling technique is used to estimate the transfer function of a secondary path that is required by the filtered-X least-mean-square (FXLMS) algorithm for updating adaptive filter coefficients. An AVC scheme using the adaptive feedback system with the FXLMS algorithm is successfully implemented on the TMS320C32 digital signal processor to minimize the vibration of the structure.
Multimodal Control of Cdc25A by Nitrosative Stress

Cdc25A propels cell cycle progression, is overexpressed in numerous human cancers, and possesses oncogenic and antiapoptotic activities. Reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, regulate Cdc25A, but the physiologic and pathologic effects of nitric oxide (*NO) and *NO-derived reactive species are not well defined. Herein, we report novel independent mechanisms governing Cdc25A in response to nitrosative insult. We observed direct and rapid inhibition of Cdc25A phosphatase activity after in vitro treatment with the low molecular mass cell-permeable S-nitrosothiol S-nitrosocysteine ethyl ester (SNCEE). In addition, treatment of cancer cells with SNCEE induced nitrosative stress and decreased Cdc25A protein levels in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, iNOS-derived *NO was sufficient to suppress Cdc25A expression, consistent with its role in mediating nitrosative stress. Whereas a decrease in Cdc25A half-life was not observed in response to SNCEE, we found the translational regulator eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) was hyperphosphorylated and total protein translation was decreased with kinetics consistent with Cdc25A loss. Inhibition of eIF2alpha decreased Cdc25A levels, supporting the hypothesis that SNCEE suppressed Cdc25A translation through inhibition of eIF2alpha. Nitrosative stress decreased the Cdc25A-bound fraction of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1) and sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by the ASK-1-activating chemotherapeutic cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II), suggesting that nitrosative stress-induced suppression of Cdc25A primed cells for ASK-1-dependent apoptosis. Together these data reveal novel *NO-dependent enzymatic and translational mechanisms controlling Cdc25A, and implicate Cdc25A as a mediator of *NO-dependent apoptotic signaling.
Increased long-term recreational physical activity is associated with older age at natural menopause among heavy smokers: the California Teachers Study

Objective Although physical activity modulates the hypothalamic-ovarian-pituitary axis, the few studies investigating whether physical activity is associated with age at natural menopause have had mixed results. We set out to determine whether physical activity is associated with the timing of natural menopause in a large cohort of California women, overall, and by smoking history.
Decentralized and centralized it support at Tulane University: a case study from a hybrid model

The decentralized- versus centralized-computing debate has raged for years; a survey of SIGUCCS papers and presentations from the past 25 years will confirm that fact. A new paradigm is emerging at Tulane University - a collaborative approach in which decentralized IT groups work with central IT to implement university-wide projects. One such project was Tulane's recent successful implementation of Exchange. Key to the success of this major university-wide change was the inclusion of 2 major decentralized computing groups - the Law School and the Business School - as pilot projects. These groups, both from academic departments, brought a new view to the project planning table. This paper describes how this new collaborative approach has worked at Tulane, how it came about, what has worked (and what has not worked), and how such an approach provides a foundation for future benefits.
Ramifications Associated with Child Abuse

The incidence of child abuse has become quite prevalent and may be referred to as a global phenomenon (Pala, Unalacak, & Unluoglu, 2011). In terms of a global phenomenon, it may be significant to assess negative ramifications that are in existence for children’s overall social, emotional, and cognitive maturation (DeOliveira, Bailey, Moran, & Pederson, 2004). Specifically, preschool children who are abused within their home environments are less likely to detect variations in emotional expressions as compared to preschoolers who have not been abused (Pollak, Cicchetti, Hornung, & Reed, 2000). In regards to the domain of cognitive development, children who are reared in abusive home environments are likely to display overactive behaviors and exhibit less concentration (Schatz, Smith, Borkowski, Whitman, & Keogh, 2008). In relation, children reared in abusive environments are less likely to perform at high levels in regards to their math and reading abilities (Crozer & Barth, 2005). Thus, the act of child abuse may also be better well understood by assessing parenting styles and how they play a role with affecting the type of behaviors they elicit towards their children (Baumrind, 1994). For instance, specific traits or factors related to individuals’ parenting abilities, such as stress, depression, domestic violence, incarceration, and psychological difficulties may be more likely to abuse their children as opposed to parents who do not obtain these traits or factors (Nair, Schular, Black, Kettinger, & Harrington, 2003). Implications in regards to the prevalence of child abuse may be quite significant, especially considering psychological ramifications that may surface due to the act of children’s exposure to abuse (Johnson et al., 2002). For instance, children may be more likely to suppress, or internalize their emotions due to the exposure to child abuse and they may be more likely to externalize, or exhibit certain behaviors in an outward fashion towards others due to the immersion within environments comprised of child abuse (Schatz, Smith, Borkowski, Whitman, & Keogh, 2008). Furthermore, professionals who obtain the knowledge about child abuse may better serve families and children who have experienced abuse within their lives.
American Journalism Book Reviews

(1995). American Journalism Book Reviews. American Journalism: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 402-402.
Realization theorems for end obstructions

A stratified space is a filtered space with manifolds as its strata. Connolly and Vajiac proved an end theorem for stratified spaces, generalizing earlier results of Siebenmann and Quinn. Their main result states that there is a single K-theoretical obstruction to completing a tame-ended stratified space. A necessary condition to completeness is to find an exhaustion of the stratified space, i.e. an increasing sequence of stratified spaces with bicollared boundaries, whose union is the original space. In this paper we give an example of a stratified space that is not exhaustible. We also prove that the Connolly-Vajiac end obstructions can be realized.
Presynaptic alpha-adrenergic mediation of self-stimulation in locus coeruleus in rats treated neonatally with 6-hydroxydopamine.

Rats self-stimulating in the region of the locus coeruleus and treated neonatally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected bilaterally in the same region were tested for effects of adrenergic receptor blockers on a lever-pressing behavior to obtain the brain reward. The neonatally treated animals (16 microgram total dose, 8 microgram X 2) self-stimulated at abnormally high rates compared with controls. Yohimbine (5 mg/kg i.p.) and phentolamine (5 mg/kg) suppressed self-stimulation in controls and treated subjects. Phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg) reduced the response rate for the brain reward but did not abolish the behavior in the 6-OHDA-treated animals and had minor effects in controls. Propranolol (10 mg/kg) had no effects. The 6-OHDA subjects tested for the effects of D-amphetamine and L-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) showed facilitation of responding after the former but not after the latter. Self-stimulation in the 6-OHDA subjects was suppressed by treatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and pimozide. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the use of alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists to separate the pre- from the post-synaptic action of released norepinephrine and in terms of the norepinephrine hypothesis of rewarding effects of brain stimulation in the dorsal pons.
Toward an Applied Anthropology of Disaster: Learning from Disasters-Experience, Method, and Theory:

This article begins with a specific event: the fire on 3 December 1999 at the Worcester Cold Storage and Warehouse Company, Worcester, Massachusetts, in which sixfirefighters died. Substantively, this article studies disaster, the human experience ofdisaster, thesocial construction ofdisaster, and the contribution of applied anthropology to being useful following disasters. Methodologically, this article explores anthropologically generic (1) epistemological issues (what we think weknow isoften atbest apart ofthe complex cultural picture), (2) ontological issues (fidelity todata andtolearningfrom experience, versusfidelity totheory and method), and (3) relational issues (learning from and with others in thevery process of applying what weknow). This article is situated at the intersection between theory, praxis, and ethics.
5′ Stem-Loop of Collagen α1(I) mRNA Inhibits Translationin Vitro but Is Required for Triple Helical Collagen Synthesis in Vivo

The 5′ stem-loop is a conserved sequence element found around the translation initiation site of three collagen mRNAs, α1(I), α2(I), and α1(III). We show here that the 5′ stem-loop of collagen α1(I) mRNA is inhibitory to translationin vitro. The sequence 5′ to the translation initiation codon, as a part of the 5′ stem-loop, is also not efficient in initiating translation under competitive conditions. This suggests that collagen α1(I) mRNA may not be a good substrate for translation. Since the 5′ stem-loop binds protein factors in collagen-producing cells, this binding may regulate its translation in vivo. We studied in vivo translation of collagen α1(I) mRNA after transfecting collagen α1(I) genes with and without the 5′ stem-loop into Mov 13 fibroblasts. The mRNA with the α1(I) 5′ stem-loop was translated into pepsin-resistant collagen, which was secreted into the cellular medium. This mRNA also produced more disulfide-bonded high molecular weight collagen found intracellularly. The mRNA in which the 5′ stem-loop was mutated, but without affecting the coding region of the gene, was translated into pepsin-sensitive collagen and produced only trace amounts of disulfide-bonded collagen. This suggests that the 5′ stem-loop is required for proper folding or stabilization of the collagen triple helix. To our knowledge this is the first example that an RNA element located in the 5′-untranslated region is involved in synthesis of a secreted multisubunit protein. We suggest that 5′ stem-loop, with its cognate binding proteins, targets collagen mRNAs for coordinate translation and couples translation apparatus to the rest of the collagen biosynthetic pathway.
Stochastic cash flow evaluation under conditions of uncertain timing

Abstract This paper develops the mean and variance of present worth for lump-sum and series cash flows. The series cash flow model assumes a finite time horizon. The use of these calculations will enable both a realistic computation of expected present worth and also allow the analyst to calculate a variance expression for use in probabilistic investment analyses.
Continuities in Insight and Innovation: Toward a Biography of Margaret Mead

A biographical study of Margaret Mead presents a special opportunity for anthropologists to look at the relationship between the personality of a researcher, the researcher's own culture, and the scientific product, because of Mead's own awareness of disciplined subjectivity and the richness of the available scientific and personal record. Concurrently, it will be possible to consider her innovations and conservatisms in family life and organizational structure as expressions of anthropological insight. [researcher bias, field methods, history of anthropology, innovation, life history]
Oral communication skills assessment in a synchronous hybrid MBA programme: does attending face-to-face matter for US and international students?

The ability to communicate effectively is an essential skill for graduates of Masters of Business Administration (MBA) programmes; however, as synchronous hybrid learning becomes more common, business schools may find it challenging to assess students’ proficiency in this core area. An additional layer of complexity is added by the burgeoning enrolment of international students in this technology-enriched learning environment. The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the relationships among attendance mode (online vs. on-campus), student nationality (domestic vs. international) and oral communication assessment scores in a synchronous hybrid MBA programme. Quantitative data from 202 hybrid MBA students collected over 12 semesters revealed domestic students were rated as more proficient orators than international students when assessed face-to-face. These results, however, were not replicated when students were assessed in a synchronous online environment. Furthermore, the results indicated t...
Precision navigation with GPS

Abstract The Global Positioning System (GPS), when used in a high-precision differential mode, can be used to navigate a tractor and implement along a pre-determined path with 1–2 cm level relative precision. The actual machine position is determined using high-precision differential GPS (DGPS) and this position is then compared to the desired position. The difference is an error signal that can be used to operate steering controls and bring the implement back to the desired path. The desired path of the implement through the field is determined prior to entry to the field to minimize point turns where skips or overlaps cannot be avoided. The geometry of the path is defined by a turning radius and turning center for each point along the path. The implement geometry then determines a path for the tractor hitch point, and a turning radius, turning center and steering angle are then determined for the tractor. The interaction between the tractor and the implement are important variables that must be included in a guidance model.
Neural crest specification by noncanonical Wnt signaling and PAR-1

Neural crest (NC) cells are multipotent progenitors that form at the neural plate border, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migrate to diverse locations in vertebrate embryos to give rise to many cell types. Multiple signaling factors, including Wnt proteins, operate during early embryonic development to induce the NC cell fate. Whereas the requirement for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NC specification has been well established, a similar role for Wnt proteins that do not stabilize β-catenin has remained unclear. Our gain- and loss-of-function experiments implicate Wnt11-like proteins in NC specification in Xenopus embryos. In support of this conclusion, modulation of β-catenin-independent signaling through Dishevelled and Ror2 causes predictable changes in premigratory NC. Morpholino-mediated depletion experiments suggest that Wnt11R, a Wnt protein that is expressed in neuroectoderm adjacent to the NC territory, is required for NC formation. Wnt11-like signals might specify NC by altering the localization and activity of the serine/threonine polarity kinase PAR-1 (also known as microtubule-associated regulatory kinase or MARK), which itself plays an essential role in NC formation. Consistent with this model, PAR-1 RNA rescues NC markers in embryos in which noncanonical Wnt signaling has been blocked. These experiments identify novel roles for Wnt11R and PAR-1 in NC specification and reveal an unexpected connection between morphogenesis and cell fate.
Respiration in Relation to Poultry House Ventilation

Abstract The previous papers have dealt primarily with the individual bird and the respiratory system. My objective is to evaluate the relationship of respiration from a poultry management standpoint. The reasons for ventilating a poultry house are to supply oxygen, to conserve or remove sensible and latent heat that is produced by the birds, and to remove air pollutants such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, dust, and odors. In reference to oxygen starvation in a poultry house, Turner (1965) calculated that it would take 9 hr with no air exchange in a 10,000-bird laying facility to deplete the oxygen to a dangerous level of between 16 and 6%. Below 16%, oxygen in a laying facility is undesirable and 6% oxygen is the low lethal level (Turner, 1965). Wilson and Edwards (1950) demonstrated that an oxygen level as low as 9.4% would cause mortality of day-old chicks. Sensible and latent heat production by . . .
New evidence of the effects of education on health in the US: Compulsory schooling laws revisited

Estimating the effects of education on health and mortality has been the subject of intense debate and competing findings and summaries. The original Lleras-Muney (2005) methods utilizing state compulsory schooling laws as instrumental variables for completed education and US data to establish effects of education on mortality have been extended to several countries, with mixed and often null findings. However, additional US studies have lagged behind due to small samples and/or lack of mortality information in many available datasets. This paper uses a large, novel survey from the AARP on several hundred thousand respondents to present new evidence of the effects of education on a variety of health outcomes. Results suggest that education may have a role in improving several dimensions of health, such as self reports, cardiovascular outcomes, and weight outcomes. Other results appear underpowered, suggesting that further use of this methodology may require even larger, and potentially unattainable, sample sizes in the US.