cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fragment oriented molecular shapes

Molecular shape is an important concept in drug design and virtual screening. Shape similarity typically uses either alignment methods, which dynamically optimize molecular poses with respect to the query molecular shape, or feature vector methods, which are computationally less demanding but less accurate. The computational cost of alignment can be reduced by pre-aligning shapes, as is done with the Volumetric-Aligned Molecular Shapes (VAMS) method. Here, we introduce and evaluate fragment oriented molecular shapes (FOMS), where shapes are aligned based on molecular fragments. FOMS enables the use of shape constraints, a novel method for precisely specifying molecular shape queries that provides the ability to perform partial shape matching and supports search algorithms that function on an interactive time scale. When evaluated using the challenging Maximum Unbiased Validation dataset, shape constraints were able to extract significantly enriched subsets of compounds for the majority of targets, and FOMS matched or exceeded the performance of both VAMS and an optimizing alignment method of shape similarity search.
Quantitative Multi-plexed Fluorescence Spectroscopy in the Presence of a Strong Fluorescent Marker

Localized reflectance spectra containing fluorescence emissions from a strong marker (fluorescein) are accurately modeled. The model is used to estimate metrics of vascular physiology and correct PpIX for absorption and scattering-based distortions.
Role of adenosine in noradrenergic neurotransmission

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine modulates noradrenergic neurotransmission in vivo during sustained periods of sympathetic nerve stimulation associ...
PLASMODIUM BRYGOOI SP. N. FROM CHAMAELEO BREVICORNIS OF MADAGASCAR, WITH A REDESCRIPTION OF PLASMODIUM ROBINSONI (BRYGOO, 1962) FROM ITS TYPE HOST AND AN ADDITIONAL HOST, CHAMAELEO PARSONI CRUCIFER

SUMMARY. Plasmodium brygooi sp. n., described from Chamaeleo brevicornis of Madagascar, has schizonts smaller than or equal to host cell nucleus size. Schizonts produce 10-16 merozoites usually arranged peripherally around clusters of dark pigment granules. Gametocytes, oval or elongate, average slightly larger than host cell nuclei. Schizonts and gametocytes usually lie polar in enlarged erythrocytes. Hypertrophy of host cell nuclei is produced by schizonts but not by gametocytes. Plasmodium robinsoni (Brygoo) 1962 is a much larger parasite of C. brevicornis and Chamaeleo parsoni crucifer. Schizonts are round, oval or elongate, and approximate gameto­ cytes in size. The 40-74 merozoites fill schizonts which usually contain a single, central large mass of golden pigment. Gametocytes are oval to elongate or bulky, with macrogametocytes larger and less elongate than microgametocytes. Both schizonts and gametocytes average three times or more the size of host cell nuclei. Host cells of asexual or sexual stages show hypertrophy but only erythrocytes parasitized by schizonts have enlarged nuclei.
A Note on Closed-Range Composition Operators

Let $$\varphi $$ be an analytic mapping from the unit disk $${\mathbb {D}} := \{z: |z| < 1\}$$ to itself. In the context of Banach spaces of analytic functions on $${\mathbb {D}}$$ , we address the question: Does closed-rangedness of the composition operator $$C_{\varphi }$$ on one space confer closed-rangedness of $$C_{\varphi }$$ on a smaller space? We find that the answer is quite often in the affirmative and provide conditions that guarantee this. We also show that, in the absence of these conditions, the answer is not always in the affirmative.
Transnasal Penetration of a Ballpoint Pen: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background Transnasal penetration by a nonmissile foreign body is a rare injury. Consequently, appropriate management remains controversial. We report a case of transnasal penetration by a ballpoint pen and review the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first living patient who sustained carotid artery damage from a transnasal penetrating intracranial injury. Case Description A 56-year-old female presented with a ballpoint pen lodged through her left nostril. She exhibited right cranial nerve palsies (III, IV, VI, and V1). A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head revealed a foreign body in the left nasal cavity traversing the ethmoid/sphenoid and likely through the right superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus, with the distal tip adjacent to the right atrium. CT angiography revealed nonopacification of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) from the mid-petrous segment to the ophthalmic segment. Subsequently, she underwent coil embolization of the proximal right ICA, followed by a right frontotemporal craniotomy with anterior temporal lobectomy to skeletonize the pen and right distal ICA, and finally clipping of the ICA distal to the pen and prompt transnasal endoscopic removal of the pen. There were no hemorrhagic complications. She awoke at her neurologic preoperative baseline. Conclusion Injuries such as the one described here should be managed through a multidisciplinary approach. The trajectory of the foreign body should be delineated through CT imaging, along with vascular imaging if appropriate. If there are signs of vascular injury, then attempts to maintain proximal and distal control are prudent to avoid hemorrhagic complications. This combined endovascular–endoscopic–open craniotomy approach has not been reported previously in the literature.
System governance analysis of complex systems

The purpose of this research was to develop and deploy a systems-based framework for analysis of complex governance systems using a multimethodology research design. Two research gaps motivated this research: (1) lack of an integrated conceptualization of a system governance construct, (2) an absence of studies that consider both the governed and governing systems as well as the emergent interactions that arise from within complex governance systems. The research focused on three primary questions: (1) What are the distinctive characteristics of governance?; (2) What system-based framework can be developed for analysis of governance in complex systems?, and (3) What results from deployment of the framework in a field setting? The multimethodology research design that guided the effort included three primary phases. First, the literature was synthesized to derive a set of governance elements. This synthesis was accomplished across an extensive and multidisciplinary literature set by a novel method of content document clustering analysis to reveal important elements of governance. Second, a conceptual framework for analysis of system governance was constructed from the confluence of extant governance literature and systems theory. This governance system analysis framework was informed by Bunge's (2003) system perspective to advance the understanding of governance that will be meaningful in a given practice. Finally, a case based application of the analysis framework was conducted to examine implications of the framework from a field perspective. The original research provided contributions to theory, methodology, and practice. From a theoretical perspective, the research contributed to the body of knowledge by providing: (1) a literature derived set of generalizable elements of governance, and (2) the development of a systems-based framework to be used to analyze complex governance systems. From a methodological stand-point, the research advanced an integrated multimethodology research design that featured: (1) a novel content analysis approach for synthesis of diverse literature; (2) the development of an integrated systems analysis method; and (3) a rigorous single-case study application within the engineering management discipline. Lastly, from a practical perspective, the systems framework provided a foundation for derivative approaches to enhance practices related to system governance.
Change and consistency in US women's pregnancy attitudes and associations with contraceptive use

Abstract Objectives This study examines the cognitive and affective dimensions of pregnancy attitudes in order to better recognize the role of each in pregnancy ambivalence as well as the relative importance of each in understanding contraceptive use. Study design Data from a national sample of 2894 women aged 18–39, gathered at baseline and 6 months later, were used to examine a measure of pregnancy avoidance (cognitive) and a measure of happiness about pregnancy (affective), both separately and jointly. I used bivariate and multivariate analysis to examine associations between attitudinal measures and consistent contraceptive use. I also examined changes in attitudes over time and associations between changes in attitudes and changes in consistent contraceptive use. Results While a majority of women, 53%, indicated that it was very important to avoid pregnancy, a substantially lower proportion, 23%, would have been very unhappy to be pregnant. In logistic regression models that included both measures, only pregnancy avoidance was associated with consistent contraceptive use. Cognitive attitude was less likely than affective attitude to change over time; additionally, change in pregnancy avoidance, but not happiness, was associated with change in consistent contraceptive use. Conclusion(s) Pregnancy avoidance appears to play a more important role in understanding consistent contraceptive use. Findings from this study provide support for the idea that positive feelings about a pregnancy do not contradict a desire to avoid conception and that feelings and intentions may be distinct concepts for many women. Implications Health care providers should assess patients' pregnancy avoidance attitude but also recognize that this can change over a short period of time for some women and should be evaluated regularly.
Microscopy: A larger palette for biological imaging.

Biological molecules are often imaged by attaching fluorescent labels — but only a few label types can be used at a time. A method that could smash the record for the number of labels that can be used together is now reported. See Letter p.465 The direct visualization of a large number of different molecules inside cells could improve our understanding of many important processes, but remains challenging with existing methods. Lu Wei et al. show that stimulated Raman scattering measurements under electronic pre-resonance conditions makes it possible to image many different dye-labelled target molecules with very high selectivity and sensitivity in living cells. The team created a palette of new dyes that emit signals in the cell-silent Raman spectral window, making them readily observable, and report imaging of 16 different dye-labelled targets within live cells. Proof-of-principle experiments on neuronal co-cultures and brain tissues further underscore the potential of this super-multiplex optical imaging approach for untangling intricate interactions in complex biological systems.
Influence des affichages tête-haute sur l’expérience utilisateur dans les jeux vidéo

Les affichages tete-haute (ATH) sont des elements importants des interfaces visuelles des jeux video. Peu d’etudes ont cependant etudie leur role dans les interactions joueur-jeu video. Nous avons realise une etude experimentale preliminaire pour comprendre comment et dans quelle mesure les joueurs utilisent et ressentent les ATH en fonction de leur expertise et du genre du jeu. Les resultats issus d’oculometrie et d’interviews ont montre la necessite d’afficher un ATH permanent pour une meilleure comprehension de l’environnement par le joueur. Ils ont aussi revele que la composition et l’organisation spatiale des ATH ont une influence particuliere sur l’experience du joueur.
Plasma-combustion coupling in a dielectric-barrier discharge actuated fuel jet

Abstract A plasma-combustion coupling mechanism is proposed and applied to the laser-induced atmospheric-pressure ignition and combustion of a hydrogen jet as assisted by a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD). The specific configuration matches corresponding experiments, and the proposed coupling mechanism leads to an improvement of the prediction for ignition probability and explains the observed electrical power increase during burning conditions. To realize this, the model includes the key effects of the fast DBD microflimentary plasma structure on combustion time scales, which would not be included in a simpler quasi-steady approximation. It also explains observed plasma emission patterns and the dependence of the DBD power absorbed on the cross-flow velocity. The main conclusion of the present computational analysis is that the interaction of plasma and combustion supports a two-way coupling rooted in the electron and neutral energy equations. The coupling selectively amplifies the energy and radical contributions by the discharge at the ignition hot spot. These contributions dominate the evolution of hot spots interacting with the local electric field over dielectric surfaces and are a key ingredient of predictive ignition models. Results are discussed in the context of the lower pressure, lower equivalence ratio and lower dimensional (often premixed and quasi-one-dimensional) studies that provide insights for developing this integrated model while illuminating the important differences of the coupling in non-premixed conditions at atmospheric pressure.
Race as Technology: From Posthuman Cyborg to Human Industry

Cyborg and prosthetic technologies frame prominent posthumanist approaches to understanding the nature of race. But these frameworks struggle to accommodate the phenomena of racial passing and racial travel, and their posthumanist orientation blurs useful distinctions between racialized humans and their social contexts. We advocate, instead, a humanist approach to race, understanding racial hierarchy as an industrial technology. Our approach accommodates racial passing and travel. It integrates a wide array of research across disciplines. It also helpfully distinguishes among grounds of racialization and conditions facilitating impacts of such racialization.
A novel HFO-based method for unsupervised localization of the seizure onset zone in drug-resistant epilepsy

High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are potential biomarkers of epileptic areas. In patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, HFO rates tend to be higher in the seizure onset zone (SOZ) than in other brain regions and the resection of HFO-generating areas positively correlates with seizure-free surgery outcome. Nonetheless, the development of robust unsupervised HFO-based tools for SOZ localization remains challenging. Current approaches predict the SOZ by processing small samples of intracranial EEG (iEEG) data and applying patient-specific thresholds on the HFO rate. The HFO rate, though, varies largely over time with the patient's conditions (e.g., sleep versus wakefulness) and across patients. We propose a novel localization method for SOZ that uses a time-varying, HFO-based index to estimate the epileptic susceptibility of the iEEG channels. The method is insensitive to the average HFO rate across channels (which is both patient- and condition-specific), tracks the channel susceptibility over time, and predicts the SOZ based on the temporal evolution of the HFO rate. Tested on a preliminary dataset of continuous multi-day multichannel interictal iEEG recordings from two epileptic patients (117±97.6 h/per patient, mean ± S.D.), the reported SOZ prediction had an average 0.70±0.18 accuracy and 0.67±0.07 area under the ROC curve (mean ± S.D.) across patients.
Statistical partitioning of a three-year time series of direct urban net CO2 flux measurements into biogenic and anthropogenic components

Abstract Eddy covariance flux measurements are increasingly used to quantify the net carbon dioxide exchange (FC) in urban areas. FC represents the sum of anthropogenic emissions, biogenic carbon release from plant and soil respiration, and carbon uptake by plant photosynthesis. When FC is measured in natural ecosystems, partitioning into respiration and photosynthesis is a well-established procedure. In contrast, few studies have partitioned FC at urban flux tower sites due to the difficulty of accounting for the temporal and spatial variability of the multiple sources and sinks. Here, we partitioned a three-year time series of flux measurements from a suburban neighborhood of Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. We segregated FC into one subset that captured fluxes from a residential neighborhood and into another subset that covered a golf course. For both land use types we modeled anthropogenic flux components based on winter data and extrapolated them to the growing season, to estimate gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) at half-hourly, daily, monthly and annual scales. During the growing season, GPP had the largest magnitude (up to − 9.83 g C m−2 d−1) of any component CO2 flux, biogenic or anthropogenic, and both GPP and Reco were more dynamic seasonally than anthropogenic fluxes. Owing to the balancing of Reco against GPP, and the limitations of the growing season in a cold temperate climate zone, the net biogenic flux was only 1.5%–4.5% of the anthropogenic flux in the dominant residential land use type, and between 25%–31% of the anthropogenic flux in highly managed greenspace. Still, the vegetation sink at our site was stronger than net anthropogenic emissions on 16–20 days over the residential area and on 66–91 days over the recreational area. The reported carbon flux sums and dynamics are a critical step toward developing models of urban CO2 fluxes within and across cities that differ in vegetation cover.
THE ROLE OF MOISTURE IN THE MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF COALS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the role of moisture in the macromolecular structure of coals. The chapter describes a study that observed the kinetics of drying of bed-moist samples of four North Dakota lignites. The samples were ground to less than 74 μm particle size, and mass loss rates were measured in zero relative humidity environment at a constant 333 or 323 K. The results of sample mass (M) with time (t) were seen to follow a first-order mass loss law, which implies that a plot of ln (M/M0) vs. t is linear with slope (−k). The values of k are presented in the chapter, together with apparent activation energies (E) for the drying. No evidence of multistep drying kinetics were seen in these experiments, which only followed moisture loss to 85% of original levels. The drying rates were much higher than those reported for a similar Beulah–Zap sample in one study and much lower than those reported in another. The values of activation energies were quite variable.
Long, Long Ago

came to greet them. I-Ie shook hands with Mr. and Mrs: Stanley and then knelt beside little Pete and began to speak the beautiful language Pete had been tausht in his Italian home. Little Pete threw his arms around the doctorand began in a very excited voice to plead with the doctor to explain to his new parents that he could never have another leg. The doctor silencecl the excited child and ask him in his beautiful Italian tongue, "Little Pete, clo you remember me?" Little Pete was stunned but he shook his head and searched the doctor's face for some feature that he might remember. There did seem to be something familiar about this man, but he could not remember him. The doctor said, "Little Pete, I am the doctor who was with the American Medical Unit in your home in Italy. I am the doctor who took your torn leg from you. Now, do you remember me and will you trust me ?" The whole process of making little Pete a brand new leg took about two months, the time it took little Pete to learn all over again those things like running, skipping, hopping or jumping was just a matter of days. Neighbors were amazed as they watched little Pete skip and run on his wonderful new leg. They are still talking about the afternoon when the little boy from Italy won the annual sack race for five-year olds.
Chinese residents' educational disparity and social insurance coverage.

Purpose The Chinese society has embraced rapid social reforms since the late twentieth century, including educational and healthcare systems. The Chinese Central Government launched an ambitious health reform program in 2009 to improve service quality and provide affordable health services, regardless of individual socio-economic status. Currently, the Chinese social health insurance includes Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, and New Cooperative Medical Insurance for rural residents. The purpose of this paper is to measure the association between individual education level and China’s social health insurance scheme following the reform. Design/methodology/approach Using the latest (2011) China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data and multivariable logistic regression models with cross-sectional design (n=11,960), the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported. Findings The authors found that education is associated with all social health insurance schemes in China after the reform (p<0.001). Residents with higher educational attainments, such as technical school (OR: 6.64, 95% CI: 5.44–8.13) or university and above (OR: 9.86, 95% CI: 8.14–11.96), are associated with UEBMI, compared with lower-educated individuals. Practical implications The Chinese Central Government announced a plan to combine all social health insurance schemes by 2020, except UEBMI, a plan with the most comprehensive financial package. Further research is needed to investigate potential disparities after unification. Policy makers should continue to evaluate China’s universal health coverage and social disparity. Originality/value This study is the first to investigate the association between residents’ educational attainment and three social health insurance schemes following the 2009 health reform. The authors suggest that educational attainment is still associated with each social health insurance coverage after the ambitious health reform.
Temperature effect on the nucleation of graphene on Cu (111)

Repeated thermal cycling by using an organic precursor is shown to be a successful technique for growing graphene on metal substrates. Having control on this process is of vital importance in producing large areas of high quality graphene with well-ordered surface characteristics, which leads us to investigate the effect of temperature on the microscopic mechanisms behind this process. Apart from being an important factor in the dissociation of the organic precursor and promoting the reactions taking place on the surface of the catalyst, temperature also plays a major role in the structure of the catalyst surface. First, we used eight thermal cycles to successfully grow graphene on the surface of Cu (111). Then, we employed Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study graphene island alignment evolution at two temperatures. The results shed light on our experimental observations and those reported in the literature and point to the effectiveness of controlled thermal cycling in producing high quality graphene sheets on transition metal catalyst surfaces.
Radial streak artifact reduction using phased array beamforming.

PURPOSE A new method for streak artifact reduction in radial MRI based on phased array filtering. THEORY Radial imaging in applications that require large fields-of-view can be susceptible to streaking artifacts due to gradient nonlinearities. Coil removal methods prune the coils contributing the most to streaking artifacts at the expense of signal loss. Phased array beamforming is a form of spatial filtering used to suppress unwanted signals. The proposed method uses interference covariance generated from the streaking artifact samples which are manually extracted with phased array beamforming to suppress streaking in the images. METHODS The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on abdomen radial fast spin echo images acquired on a 1.5T Siemens scanner and compared with previously proposed methods. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress streaking artifacts without any noticeable loss in signal levels. Coil removal methods can suppress streaks as well but they may incur significant signal loss due to coil pruning. Quantitative metrics also demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over earlier methods. CONCLUSION The use of interference covariance with phased array beamforming can help reduce streaking artifacts.
The development of partisan polarization over the Green New Deal

In early 2019, a US climate change and economic renewal policy proposal called the Green New Deal (GND)1 rose from obscurity to national prominence in just four months. This situation created a natural field experiment in which to study the emergence of partisan polarization. Here, we report findings from two nationally representative surveys of registered US voters that measured familiarity with and support for the GND shortly before and after the issue entered the national spotlight. Initially, there was low public awareness of the GND but majority support for it across party lines. Four months later, voters had become much more familiar with the GND and partisan polarization had increased significantly due to a sharp decrease in support among Republicans. In fact, Republicans who had heard the most about the GND were the least likely to support it. In contrast, support for the GND remained high among Democrats, and did not vary substantially across degrees of familiarity. We also identify a likely mechanism: a ‘Fox News effect’. That is, among Republicans, Fox News viewing was a significant predictor of both familiarity with the GND and opposition to it, even when controlling for alternative explanations. Opinions on climate policy in the United States are politically polarized. Here, survey research shows that opinion polarization on the Green New Deal developed rapidly due to decreasing support among Republicans, which was associated with exposure to conservative media and increasing familiarity with the policy.
Contribution of various types and categories of diesel-powered vehicles to aerosols in an underground mine.

A study was conducted in an underground mine with the objective to assess relative contributions of different types and categories of diesel-powered vehicles to submicron aerosol concentrations and...
Abstract B064: The Aurora kinase A-inhibitor, alisertib, is a potential candidate for combination with immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a loss of TP53 and RB1 and by amplification of MYC in about 25% of patients. Our group and others have shown that MYC-driven SCLC cell lines are vulnerable to Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) inhibition. Alisertib, a selective AURKA inhibitor, has also shown clinical efficacy in MYC-positive relapsed SCLC patients in combination with paclitaxel in a phase II trial (NCT02038647). AURKA regulates DNA chromosome alignment during cell division and thus its inhibition results in mitotic stress and subsequently DNA damage. We have previously demonstrated that DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors synergize with immune checkpoint inhibition in SCLC in vivo models by activating a STING-mediated innate immune response. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that AURKA inhibition may activate the STING pathway and induce PD-L1 expression in SCLC. Methods: We compared AURKA gene expression among a panel of SCLC and NSCLC cell lines and, similarly, in tumor versus normal tissue in SCLC clinical dataset (Sato et al.). In parallel, we explored the landscape of STING and immune genes expression in two SCLC clinical datasets (George et al. and Sato et al.).We tested human and GEMM-derived SCLC cell lines for changes in immune and DDR-related protein expression by Western blot analysis after treatment with the AURKA-i alisertib. Results: AURKA gene expression was higher in SCLC cell lines as compared to NSCLC cell lines (p=0.023) and in SCLC tumors compared to normal tissue (FC=1.6; p 0.45, p Citation Format: Carminia M. Della Corte, Liz Lauren Ajpacaja, Robert J Cardnell, Carl M Gay, Lixia Diao, Qi Wang, Kavya Ramkumar, Allison C. Stewart, Rebecca B. Kow, Hannah E Stumpf, You-Hong Fan, Jing Wang, John V Heymach, Lauren A. Byers. The Aurora kinase A-inhibitor, alisertib, is a potential candidate for combination with immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B064. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-B064
The Effect of Left Thoracotomy LVAD Implantation to LVAD Surgery and Followed Heart Transplantation Surgery

Purpose Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations have traditionally been approached via full median sternotomy (FS). Recently, minimally invasive left thoracotomy (LT) approach has been popularized with improved surgical technique and emergence of smaller centrifugal LVAD devices. However, the surgical outcomes from minimal surgical approach remains to be unclear. The primary objective was to compare outcomes among patients who received an LVAD via FS compared to LT as well as their subsequent outcomes following heart transplantation. Methods This is a single center retrospective study. 126 patients who underwent primary LVAD implantation from Jan 2014 to June 2018 are included (FS group n=83, LT group n=43). 49 patients had following HT (FS group n=27, LT group n=22). Preoperative patient demographics, intraoperative variables, hospital stay, postoperative survival and complications from LVAD implantation and heart transplantation were analyzed. Results Preoperatively, FS group had higher right atrial pressure (p Conclusion Our study showed LT group was associated with improved survival after LVAD implantation. However, our study has limitation of containing bias from retrospective, non-randomized study design. Further, larger studies are warranted to prove the effects of minimally invasive LVAD implantation surgery.
Optimal Cannula Positioning of Heart Mate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose Cannula position in HeartMate II and HVAD left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is associated with clinical outcome. We aimed to investigate the clinical implication of the device positioning in HeartMate 3 LVADs. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent HeartMate 3 LVAD implantation were followed for one year from index discharge. At index discharge, chest X-ray parameters were measured: (1) cannula coronal angle, (2) height of pump bottom, (3) cannula sagittal angle, and (4) cannula lumen area. Results Sixty-four HeartMate 3 LVAD patients (58 years old, 64% male) were enrolled. In the multivariate Cox regression model, cannula coronal angle was a significant predictor of heart failure readmission (hazard ratio 1.27 [1.01-1.60], p = 0.045). Patients with a cannula coronal angle ≤28 degrees had lower central venous pressure (p = 0.030), lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p = 0.027), and smaller left ventricular size (p = 0.019) compared to those with the angle >28 degrees. Right ventricular size and parameters of right ventricular function were also better in the narrow angle group, as was survival free of heart failure readmission (90% vs. 50%, p = 0.008; Figure). Conclusion Narrow cannula coronal angle in patients with HeartMate 3 LVADs was associated with improved cardiac unloading and higher survival free of heart failure readmission. Further studies to clarify the methodology and implication of optimal device positioning are warranted.
Detection of early allograft dysfunction at 30 min of reperfusion in liver transplantation: An intraoperative diagnostic tool with real time assessment of graft function.

Abstract Introduction During the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation (LT), fibrinolytic activity increases, since the liver clears tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). We hypothesize that patients who fail to reduce fibrinolytic activity following graft reperfusion will have an increased rate of early allograft dysfunction (EAD). Methods Assessment of fibrinolysis in liver transplant recipients was quantified with thrombelastography (TEG) LY30. Changes in LY30 were assessed after graft reperfusion. The 30-min post-reperfusion LY30 was subtracted from the anhepatic LY30 quantifying fibrinolytic changes (delta-LY30). Results Seventy-three primary LT patients were included in the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis identified an inflection point of delta-LY30–5.3% as a risk factor for EAD. EAD occurred in 44% of these patients compared to 5% in high delta-LY30 (p = 0.002). Conclusion LT recipients that develop hyperfibrinolysis who fail to reduce fibrinolytic activity 30 min after graft reperfusion had an EAD rate 8-fold higher than patients who had a large reduction in LY30 following reperfusion.
Do job seekers' social media profiles affect hospitality managers’ hiring decisions? A qualitative inquiry

Abstract Guided by the Big Five personality traits and relevant literature, this qualitative study reports a content analysis of 11 semi-structured interviews with the human resource and operations managers in the hospitality industry regarding what types of information on job candidates' social media profiles (SMPs) may affect their hiring decisions. The results revealed that LinkedIn was the most preferred social media site. Hiring managers expected to observe extroversion, leadership, and professionalism from the candidates’ SMPs. Additionally, they favoured the posts with pictures about food, catering, and events but disliked those with inappropriate languages or content. The in-depth narrative insights reported in this study address a timely research topic in current literature and help hospitality stakeholders in the job market advance specific practical implications.
Influence of climatic stress on nonmetric sexually dimorphic features of the skull and pelvis.

Objectives Human sexual dimorphism is frequently assessed through skull and pelvic size and shape. Researchers suggest that climatic variation and the associated stress may be significant factors in sexual dimorphism's etiology. However, little research has specifically investigated climatic effects on nonmetric skeletal indicators of sex. To further appreciate the plasticity of human biology, a comparative study of standard skull and pelvic nonmetric sex indicators is presented. Methods A Native Alaskan archeological sample (n = 104) and a component of the Terry collection (n = 99) represent populations originating from different climatic environments in recent history. These sex-balanced groups are compared through Tukey-Kramer's method and Greene's t-test to determine any variation in degree of sexual dimorphism within and between samples. Results The results reinforce the complex and multifaceted relationship between climate and sexual dimorphism. The Terry sample demonstrated a greater degree of sexual dimorphism with statistically significant differences in robusticity of the mastoid process and nuchal crest compared with the Native Alaskans. A more "male" morphotype and reduced dimorphism are appreciated in the pelves of Native Alaskans than the Terry sample. Conclusions This research highlights a reduction in sexual dimorphism in populations under greater climatic stress and contributes to the production of more accurate skeletal assessments in future investigations. Discussion of confounding factors suggest more research is necessary to untangle climate and human morphology's complex relationship. This study contributes to a greater appreciation of human biological plasticity, ecogeographic variation, and the evolution of modern human diversity.
The Growing Up Asian American Tag: An Asian American Networked Counterpublic on YouTube

The “Growing Up Asian American” (GUAA) tag on YouTube conveys the marginalized experiences of Asian American women and offers narratives not shown in the mainstream media as a networked counterpublic. By exploring YouTube videos using this tag, I analyzed counterpublic discourses formed by nonstar Asian American YouTubers and how these discourses were shaped by the culture and medium of YouTube. Using mixed methods, including semantic network analysis and discursive textual analysis, I explored the unique traits of the GUAA Asian American networked counterpublic on YouTube. Although the discourses formed around the tag are considered relatively soft, an issue compounded by the nature of microcelebrity culture, the GUAA tag has also allowed Asian Americans to narrate their own personal and affective stories. The audiovisual nature of YouTube allows Asian Americans to talk with their bodies and voices to express their rich, heterogeneous, and intersectional identity, which cannot be reduced to one monolithic media portrayal.
Comparing targeting strategies for network-based adolescent drinking interventions: A simulation approach.

Abstract Public health researchers and social scientists highlight the promise of network-based strategies to inform and enhance interventions that curb risky adolescent health behaviors. However, we currently lack an understanding of how different variants of network-based interventions shape the distribution of targeted behaviors. The current project considers the effectiveness of five targeting strategies that are designed to have differential impacts on the health of program participants versus non-participants. Using simulations that are empirically-grounded in 28 observed school-based networks from the PROSPER study, we evaluate how these approaches shape long-term alcohol use for intervention participants and non-participants, separately, and consider whether contextual factors moderate their success. Findings suggest that enrolling well-connected adolescents results in the lowest drinking levels for non-participants, while strategies that target groups of friends excel at protecting participants from harmful influences. These trends become increasingly pronounced in contexts characterized by higher levels of peer influence.
Do 401(k) contributions crowd out other personal saving

During the late 1980s, contributions to 401(k) plans eclipsed contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) as the leading form of tax-deferred individual retirement saving in the United States. In this paper we describe patterns of participation in 401(k) plans, contrast these patterns with IRA participation, and evaluate the net impact of 401(k) contributions on personal saving. We find that 401(k) participation conditional on eligibility exceeds 60% at all income levels. In contrast, IRA participation at the height of that program rose sharply with income. We use two methods to evaluate the net saving effect of 401(k) contributions on personal saving: we compare the financial assets of families who are eligible for 401(k) saving with the assets of those who are not eligible, and we consider the change over time in the assets of like groups of savers. We find little evidence that 401(k) contributions substitute for other forms of personal saving, including IRA contributions.
Graphyne and borophene as nanoscopic materials for electronics — with review of the physics

Abstract Discussions which review through rigorous derivations the physics show the validity range of the analogy between solid state materials like graphene which possess K symmetry crystallographic points in k-space, and the relativistic solutions for massive and low mass particles associated with the Dirac equation. Both eigenenergies and eigenvectors are examined for the non-relativistic solutions of the Schrodinger equation using the tight-binding method, and the relativistic solutions of the Dirac equation. Implications for exploring new materials are drawn from the results. It is concluded Dirac materials are unlikely to fulfill the needs of transistor action materials, but two prime candidates which may satisfy those needs for 2D future electronics are proposed, graphyne and borophene.
Suppressing carboxylate nucleophilicity with inorganic salts enables selective electrocarboxylation without sacrificial anodes

Although electrocarboxylation reactions use CO2 as a renewable synthon and can incorporate renewable electricity as a driving force, the overall sustainability and practicality of this process is limited by the use of sacrificial anodes such as magnesium and aluminum. Replacing these anodes for the carboxylation of organic halides is not trivial because the cations produced from their oxidation inhibit a variety of undesired nucleophilic reactions that form esters, carbonates, and alcohols. Herein, a strategy to maintain selectivity without a sacrificial anode is developed by adding a salt with an inorganic cation that blocks nucleophilic reactions. Using anhydrous MgBr2 as a low-cost, soluble source of Mg2+ cations, carboxylation of a variety of aliphatic, benzylic, and aromatic halides was achieved with moderate to good (34-78%) yields without a sacrificial anode. Moreover, the yields from the sacrificial-anode-free process were often comparable or better than those from a traditional sacrificial-anode process. Examining a wide variety of substrates shows a correlation between known nucleophilic susceptibilities of carbon-halide bonds and selectivity loss in the absence of a Mg2+ source. The carboxylate anion product was also discovered to mitigate cathodic passivation by insoluble carbonates produced as byproducts from concomitant CO2 reduction to CO, although this protection can eventually become insufficient when sacrificial anodes are used. These results are a key step toward sustainable and practical carboxylation by providing an electrolyte design guideline to obviate the need for sacrificial anodes.
Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy in a Pediatric Population.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and topographic features of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) in children aged 15 years or younger with a long-term follow-up. Retrospective case series. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients who were diagnosed with PPCD at Boston Children's Hospital from 1999 to 2020 was performed. Data collected included age at the time of diagnosis, slit lamp findings, cycloplegic refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, central corneal thickness, specular microscopy, and corneal topography findings whenever available. Results Twenty-seven eyes of 19 patients were included (11 unilateral and 8 bilateral cases). Ten patients were girls (52.6%). Left eye was affected in 14 eyes. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 8.5 ± 3.3 years, with a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. In unilateral cases, there was a statistically significant difference in the endothelial cell density (P = 0.01), coefficient variation (P = 0.03), and hexagonality (P = 0.01) between the affected and the contralateral unaffected eyes. The mean best-corrected visual acuity at initial presentation was 0.8 ± 0.2 compared with 0.9 ± 0.08 in unaffected eyes (P = 0.04). The mean astigmatism was higher in the affected eye (+1.7 diopters) compared with (+1.00) the unaffected eye (P = 0.07). At initial presentation, 7 of 27 eyes had amblyopia, which resolved, either partially or completely, in 5 eyes after treatment. Conclusions PPCD can present early in children with astigmatism and anisometropic amblyopia. A careful slit lamp examination for children presenting with anisoastigmatism is necessary to diagnose PPCD. Contrary to adults, presentation is often unilateral. Such patients should be followed up regularly with cycloplegic retinoscopy to prevent and treat refractive amblyopia if present.
An In Vitro Evaluation of the Elements Apex Locator Using the Endo Q System

AN IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ELEMENTS APEX LOCATOR USING THE ENDO Q SYSTEM By Steven A. Brofsky, D.M.D. A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2004 Interim Director: B. Ellen Byrne, D.D.S., PhD. Chairman and Professor, Department of Endodontics The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to determine the accuracy of the Elements Apex Locator and 2) to compare the accuracy of the alginate and Endo Q models as in-vitro apex locator testing devices. Twenty teeth were decoronated at the CEJ and triplicate measurements were made using the Elements Apex Locator. All measurements were made to the apex reading of the apex locator. True length was established by visualizing the file tip at the apex with a dental operating microscope. Measurements were then taken with the teeth mounted in an alginate model and then in the Endo Q model. The two models were compared using a repeated-measure ANOVA. Statistically significant vii differences occurred between the alginate and Endo Q models. The results showed that in 95% (n=19) of the cases, an accurate location to within + 0.5 mm of the apical foramen was obtained with the Endo Q model and 55% (n=11) with the alginate model. With a + 1.0 mm tolerance level, an accuracy of 95% (n=19) was found with the use of the alginate model. In conclusion, it seems that the Endo Q system was more suitable for testing the electronic apex locator than the alginate model. The Elements Apex Locator with the use of the Endo Q model was highly accurate in locating to within + 0.5 mm of the apical foramen (Mean deviation = .17 mm).
Landau theory, symmetry breaking and the chain criterion

A study of absolute minima of bounded below, real, G-invariant polynomials on Rm is initiated. The group Im(G), acting on Rm, is assumed orthogonal, irreducible and finite. Aforementioned polynomials are used for the free energy in a theory of phase transitions. Symmetry of an absolute minimum of such a polynomial is the broken symmetry. Several theorems on possible broken symmetries are proven.
Earnings Management and Future Corporate Investment

This paper examines whether earnings management through accounting manipulation has an impact on subsequent corporate investments. Using a measure of earnings management based on the work of Kothari, Leone, and Wasley (2005), I find that investment level in firms with the most aggressive accounting practices is higher and is less sensitive to internal cash flows, whereas investment in firms with the least aggressive accounting practices is more sensitive to internal cash flows. Furthermore, earnings management induces investment inefficiency in the future. The findings suggest that financial reporting has an impact on real investment patterns and efficiency. This paper also provides cross-sectional evidence that corporate investments respond to the market assessment even when it differs from the managerial own assessment of the fundamentals.
The 70-mph speed limit: Speed adaptation, spillover and surrogate measures of safety

Although numerous publications have studied the safety effects of speed limit policy, the topic continues to be the subject of lively debate. On July 1, 2005, the speed limit on rural interstates in Iowa was increased from 65 mph to 70 mph. This research first conducted a before–and-after study on rural interstates and other facilities to study the effects on safety performance in Iowa due to this speed limit change. The study explored the impact of the speed limit change on two effects known as the “speed adaptation” and “spillover” effects. Research was also conducted on traffic citations issued on the rural interstate because citations may be a surrogate measure for highway safety. Finally, research was conducted on the recent increase in the retail price of gasoline and its effect on driver behavior.