cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P042 Accelerated antibody mediated rejection in a heart patient with weak donor specific antibodies present pre-transplant

Abstract We present a case on a 46 year old Caucasian female patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The patient’s sensitization history included 3 pregnancies and a flu vaccination 2 months prior to transplant. The pre-transplant single antigen bead assay revealed weak reactivity to the Bw6 epitope including B7 (1,149 MFI) and B8 (775 MFI). The patient received a heart transplant in which B7 and B8 were crossed. As expected, the retrospective flow crossmatch was weakly positive. The patient was treated with Simulect on the day of transplant (Day 0) and with anti-thymoglobulin on Day 3 (Figure 1A). On Day 7, the patient went into cardiac arrest and was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The antibody screen on Day 7 revealed a large increase in donor specific antibodies (DSA) to B7 (21,694 MFI) and B8 (21,460 MFI). Positive ERG, CD68, and C4d staining on the Day 7 biopsy corroborated antibody mediated rejection (AMR). The patient was treated with plasma exchange, IVIG, Rituxan, and Cytoxan. At Day 14, ECMO was discontinued. DSAs declined to levels observed at pre-transplant (Figure 1B). Although antibody and biopsy results demonstrated a reduction in AMR, the patient became neutropenic and developed fever, bacteremia, a necrotic leg wound, and a fungal infection in the brain. She progressed to brain death. This case describes an amnestic response to weak DSA which contributed to cardiac arrest. Augmented immunosuppression used to treat an anamnestic AMR is associated with a significant risk of fatal infectious complications.
New Genera and Species of Myrtaceae-Feeding Phylinae from Australia, and the Description of a New Species of Restiophylus (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae)

Six new genera of Australian Phylinae are described on the basis of existing collections. The tribe Exaeretini—represented by the two new genera Eucalyptophylus (two new species) and Melaleucaphylus (18 new species)—is recognized for the first time as occurring in Australia. Nine new taxa of Semiini, subtribe Exocarpocorina, are proposed: Four new genera, Calytriphylus, Melaleucacoris, Teddus (each monotypic), and Leptospermia (two new species), and four new species placed in AncoraphylusWeirauch, 2007 (one species), XiphoidellusWeirauch and Schuh, 2011 (one species), and XiphoidesEyles and Schuh, 2003 (two species). Based on specimen data almost all the new taxa are associated with Myrtaceae plant hosts in the tribes Chamelaucieae, Eucalypteae, Leptospermeae, and Melaleuceae. A new species of RestiophylusLeon and Weirauch, 2016, taken in coastal New South Wales and perhaps associated with Leptocarpus tenax (Restionaceae), represents the first record for this genus beyond the southwest coast of Western Australia. Documentation is provided in the form of diagnoses and descriptions of all genera and species, color habitus images of males (and females when available) of all species, distributional maps, color images of male genitalic structures of all species, female genitalic structures in most species, and scanning electron micrographs of representative morphology of some taxa. Host-plant information is provided for most species, along with representative images of hosts and habitats. New distribution records for Xiphoidellus dumosusWeirauch and Schuh, 2011, and scanning micrographs of the pretarsus for Scholtzicoris linnavuoriiSchuh, 2016 are provided.
The Benefits of Double-Blind Review

This essay constitutes a (near) transcript of a talk that I gave at the ICML 2013 Workshop on Peer Review and Publishing Models.
Avoidance of impurity-induced current quench using lower hybrid current drive

This work reports observations of a tokamak plasma that experienced a thermal quench due to a large, transient high-Z influx but avoided a current quench. This is argued to be caused by the presence of lower hybrid range of frequency (LHRF) waves that sustain a non-thermal, current-carrying electron population. In Alcator C-Mod L-mode plasmas at kA, m?3, nearly all of the current can be sustained non-inductively by injecting 700 kW of LHRF power at 4.6 GHz and . A sudden influx of a large amount of tungsten, , triggers a cooling wave that propagates at 2?3 m s?1 all the way into the core, dropping on-axis T e from 3 keV to temperatures less than measurement floor of 50?eV. An off-axis reheat begins after 100?ms, but T e profiles remain hollow for 300?350?ms after the injection. Throughout this temperature evolution, the plasma density, current and shape remain unchanged to within 10%. Following the expulsion of the tungsten, the plasma returns to its baseline conditions and the plasma ends as planned with a controlled current ramp-down. Energy balance analysis shows the LHRF power continues to be absorbed in the plasma after the thermal quench, as a significant fraction of it is needed to be consistent with radiated power measurements. Examination of current relaxation time, , and fast-electron slowing down time, , indicate the LHRF must contribute to driving current, despite the low temperatures, as the current remains nominally stationary despite ms and ms for relativistic electrons. These measurements represent an important existence proof of a possible technique for avoidance of disruptions caused by sudden, unplanned influx of impurities in the form of dust or flakes of high-Z wall material. Implications and suggestions for future experimental and modeling and simulation work are summarized.
Using Non-negative Tensor Decomposition for Unsupervised Textual Influence Modeling

Documents are seldom created in a vacuum. In all literature, there exists some influencing factor either in the form of cited documents, collaboration, or documents which authors have read. This influence can be seen within their works, and is present as a latent variable. This chapter demonstrates a novel method for quantifying these influences and representing them in a semantically understandable fashion. The model is constructed by representing documents as tensors, decomposing them into a set of factors, and then searching the corpus factors for similarity.
Marketing capability, organizational adaptation and new product development performance☆

Abstract The authors propose a mediated moderation model that links marketing capability from an outside-in perspective, organizational adaptation mechanism exploitation and exploration, organizational structural factors, and new product development (NPD) performance. The model is tested using survey data from USA and China. The results suggest that marketing capability is positively associated with NPD performance. Moreover, exploitation and exploration respectively mediate the positive relationship between marketing capability and NPD performance. In addition, customer-based structure, decentralization, and interfunctional integration positively moderate the relationship between marketing capability and NPD performance. The results suggest that marketing capability is important for the firm to adapt to external changes as long as the firm aligns organizational structural factors with the requirement of marketing capability for exploitation and exploration in product innovation.
Schizophrenia, recovery and the self: An introduction to the special issue on metacognition

In this special issue, work is presented linking metacognition among persons with schizophrenia with a range of psychosocial outcomes including vocational functioning, empathy, motivation, self-evaluation, and other cognitive functions. This overview will highlight how these works allow for the quantitative study of processes which underpin alterations in self-experience in schizophrenia, which in turn allows self-experience to be studied as part of a larger set of brain-based and social phenomena whose interaction influences the trajectory of one's life and illness. We explore the hypothesis that metacognitive capacity, as a node in a larger biopsychosocial network, may be accessible by psychosocial treatment and, if successfully targeted, may disrupt the processes which perpetuate disability. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Observations on the epidemiology of total elbow arthroplasties in a statewide database: is it time for a national U.S. joint registry? Commentary on an article by David M. Gay, MD, et al.: "Indications and reoperation rates for total elbow arthroplasty: an analysis of trends in New York State".

The volume of total elbow arthroplasties has increased significantly over the past two decades. With the successful pain-relieving aspect of this procedure in arthritic conditions in particular, there has also been an increase in the indications, and a consequent reported rise in complications and revision surgery. The number of patients with elbow disorders tends to be an order of magnitude less than the number of those with hip and knee disorders, and the U.S. has no national database to monitor factors associated with the success and failure of these elbow surgical procedures. In their paper, Gay et al. report on the findings of a Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database in New York, operational since 1982. The specific procedural diagnoses were identified with ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) codes, as CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes were not used for inpatients. …
Observations of mean and wave orbital flows in the ocean's upper centimetres

Sophisticated measurements of fluid velocity near to an undulating air–water boundary have traditionally been confined to the laboratory setting. Developments in camera technology and the opening of novel modes of analysis have allowed for sensitive measurements of the current profile in the ocean’s uppermost layer. Taking advantage of the Research Platform R/P FLIP as a ‘laboratory at sea’, here we present first-of-their-kind thermal and polarimetric camera-based observations of wave orbital velocities and mean shear flows in the upper centimetres of the ocean surface layer. Measurements reveal a well-defined logarithmic layer as seen in laboratory measurements and described by classical surface layer theory; however, substantial spread of observations is found at low levels of wind forcing, where the Stokes drift of swell may have a substantial impact on the near-surface current profile. A novel application of short time window Fourier transforms allows for the estimation of near-surface wave orbital velocity magnitudes. These are found to be in general agreement with the prescriptions of linear wave theory, although observations diverge from theory at high levels of wind forcing where the interface is subject to surface wave breaking. Finally, the surface gravity wave phase-coherent short wave growth is presented and discussed in the context of hydrodynamic wave and airflow modulation.
TEM Studies on Antibacterial Mechanisms of Black Phosphorous Nanosheets.

Purpose Recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are gaining tremendous attention as novel antibacterial platforms to combat against continuously evolving antimicrobial resistance levels. Among the family of 2D nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have demonstrated promising potential for biomedical applications. However, there is a need to gain nanoscale insights of the antibacterial activity of BP nanosheets which lies at the center of technical challenges. Methods Ultra-large BP nanosheets were synthesized by liquid-exfoliation method in the eco-friendly deoxygenated water. Synthesized BP nanosheets were characterized by TEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques and their chemical stability was evaluated by EDS and EELS elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity of BP nanosheets was evaluated at nanoscale by the ultramicrotome TEM technique. Further, HAADF-STEM image and EDS elemental line map of the damaged bacterium were utilized to analyze the presence of diagnostic ions. Supportive SEM and ATR-FTIR studies were carried out to confirm the bacterial cell wall damage. In vitro colony counting method was utilized to evaluate the antibacterial performance of ultra-large BP nanosheets. Results Elemental EELS and EDS analysis of BP nanosheets stored in deoxygenated water confirmed the absence of oxygen peak. TEM studies indicate the various events of bacterial cell damage with the lost cellular metabolism and structural integrity. Colony counting test results show that as-synthesized BP nanosheets (100 μg/mL) can kill ~95% bacteria within 12 hours. Conclusion TEM studies demonstrate the various events of E. coli membrane damage and the loss of structural integrity. These events include the BP nanosheets interaction with the bacterial cell wall, cytoplasmic leakage, detachment of cytoplasm from the cell membrane, reduced density of lipid bilayer and agglomerated DNA structure. The EDS elemental line mapping of the damaged bacterium confirms the disrupted cell membrane permeability and the lost cellular metabolism. SEM micrographs and ATR-FTIR supportive results confirm the bacterial cell wall damage.
Percutaneous Repair of Raghib Syndrome

Raghib syndrome is a rare congenital defect classically consisting of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and an unroofed coronary sinus (CS) ([1][1]). Surgery is classically considered definitive treatment. We present a Raghib variant managed with percutaneous repair ([2][2]). A 58-year-
Sweep-Net: An Artificial Neural Network for radiation transport solves

Abstract Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods (DGFEM) have been widely used for solving S N radiation transport problems in participative and non-participative media. Global matrices are not assembled when sweeping through the computational domain, but only small matrix-vector systems are assembled and solved for each cell, angle, energy group, and time step (e.g., systems with 8 independent equations for tri-linear DGFEM in 3D hexahedral cells). These systems are generally solved directly using Gaussian elimination. The computational cost of assembling and solving these local systems, repeated for each cell in the phase-space, can amount to a large fraction of the total computation time. Therefore, a Machine Learning algorithm is designed in this paper, based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), to replace the assembling and solution of the local systems, enabling a sizable speed up in the solution process. The key idea is to train an ANN with a large set of solutions to random one-cell transport problems and, then, replace the assembling and solution of the local systems by the feedforward evaluation of the trained ANN in large-scale transport solvers. These ANNs are optimized to reproduce the solutions obtained in radiation transport solves, while minimizing the number of operations involved in its feedforward evaluation. It is observed that the optimized ANNs are able to reduce the compute times by a factor of ∼3.6 per source iteration, while introducing mean absolute errors between 0.5 − 2 % in transport solutions.
Renal salvage using stent graft placement after acute renal artery occlusion with prolonged ischemic time.

Purpose To describe a patient with acute renal artery occlusion who underwent successful revascularization procedure after experiencing a protracted ischemic period, which resulted in successful retrieval of renal function. Case report A 58-year-old male with a history of left renal artery stenosis and stent graft placement presented with symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, and flank pain. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with the diagnosis of multiorgan failure and subsequent anuria that led to the initiation of hemodialysis. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated an aortic occlusion along with bilateral proximal renal artery occlusion with reconstitution of the mid to distal renal arteries via collateralization. The patient underwent angioplasty with bilateral renal artery stent-graft placement and successful revascularization of proximal renal arteries. Post-operatively, his renal function and urine output improved, and the patient was able to be weaned off hemodialysis along with the benefit of concurrent amelioration of his renovascular hypertension. Conclusion For select patients with renal artery occlusion, revascularization of the renal arteries may result in dialysis independence and stabilization of renovascular hypertension, despite prolonged time of ischemia.
Women in leadership: a systematic literature review of Middle Eastern women managers' careers from NHRD and institutional theory perspectives

Middle Eastern (ME) societies have witnessed a growing demand for career growth and leadership roles by women. The current article is a systematic literature review on the challneges of ME women ma...
Unpacking the varied roles of mothers of children with developmental disabilities in South India

This research illustrates the diverse parenting roles and responsibilities assumed by mothers while caring for and facilitating the development of their children with Developmental Disabilities (DD...
Visible to MIR Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Waveguides

We investigate thin-film lithium niobate waveguides with chirped poling periods for efficient supercontinuum via χ2 and χ3 nonlinearities. Leveraging these nonlinearities, we generate frequency combs spanning from the blue to the mid infrared.
Development of cooperative communication techniques for a network of small satellites and CubeSats in deep space: The SOLARA/SARA test case

Abstract In the last decade, great progress was made in the development of small satellites and CubeSats. Several small spacecraft were designed, fabricated, launched, and successfully operated in low Earth orbit. While more companies and space agencies are becoming interested in CubeSats and small satellite, also the mission goals for these spacecraft are gradually changing: these small spacecraft are starting to be considered for deep-space, interplanetary exploration. Given the limited size, mass and power capabilities of these small platforms, one of the most interesting problems to address is how to develop a communication system to allow small satellites to communicate from very far distance in the solar system. This paper aims to address this problem by proposing cooperative communication approaches in which multiple CubeSats communicate cooperatively together to improve the link performance with respect to the case of a single satellite transmitting. Three approaches are proposed: a beam-forming approach, a coding approach, and a network approach. The approaches are applied to the specific case of the SOLARA/SARA concept: a proposed constellation of CubeSats at the Lunar Lagrangian point L1 which aims to perform radio astronomy at very low frequencies (30 kHz to 3 MHz). The paper describes the development of the approaches, the simulation and a graphical user interface developed in Matlab which allows to perform trade-offs across multiple constellation׳s configurations.
Genesis of Cardiac Arrhythmias Roles of Calcium and Delayed Potassium Channels in the Heart

Electrical activity underlies the control of the frequency, strength, and duration of contraction of the heart. During the cardiac cycle, a regular rhythmic pattern must be established in time-dependent changes in ionic conductances in order to ensure events that underlie normal cardiac function. Electrical impulses, originating at the sinoatrial (SA) node, are conducted throughout the atria until they converge at the atrioventricular (AV) node, pass through the bundle of His and the Purkinje fiber conducting system, and eventually excite the working myocardial cells of both ventricles. Coordination of these cellular events is ensured by the unique electrical properties of the different cell types of the heart as well as the junctional connections that join them. Rapid conduction in the His-Purkinje network ensures uniform and synchronous contraction of the ventricle; slow conduction through the AV node coordinates atrial and ventricular contraction. Pacemaker activity of the SA node determines heart rate and latent pacemaker properties of both the AV node and the Purkinje fiber network serve as important pacing reserves.
Angiogenesis, Tumor Vascularization, and Potential Interference with Tumor Growth

The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the role that neovascularization may have in tumor growth and to assess the present knowledge of tumor angiogenesis. New formation of a vascular network has been recognized to be indispensable for tumor growth since the transplantability of neoplastic tissues was first discovered. Increased knowledge of the angiogenic process is sought for two main purposes: (1) to define the possible relationship between acquisition of angiogenic capacity by a cell population and risk of its neoplastic transformation and (2) to investigate possibilities for effectively influencing angiogenesis and consequently tumor growth. Both questions will be discussed here after the pertinent characteristics of the tumor vascular network have been outlined.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a gene cloned from Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc which complements an argE defect in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The genus Leptospira, as a member of the order Spirochaetales, forms one of the most ancient evolutionary branches of the eubacteria. These spirochetes are morphologically and physiologically different from most eubacteria, and little is known about Leptospira genetics. In this communication, we report the first nucleotide sequence of a Leptospira gene. A gene which complements an argE mutation in Escherichia coli was isolated from a plasmid-based genomic library composed of Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc DNA. The functional region for the complementing activity was localized by transposon mutagenesis and restriction enzyme mapping and by subcloning. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated a single open reading frame within the region containing argE complementing activity. The size of the predicted protein, 31,071 daltons, was in excellent agreement with data obtained from coupled transcription-translation reactions primed with cloned L. biflexa DNA. One surprising result was that the predicted amino acid sequence of this protein closely resembles portions of the beta' subunits of RNA polymerases from bacteria and chloroplasts.
Mark A. Cane Receives 2013 Maurice Ewing Medal: Citation

Mark Cane started his career when theories for the ocean circulation were “dreamlike” (in the words of Henry Stommel). He made major contributions to a complete change in those perceptions by producing theoretical results that explain and by developing computer models that simulate realistically the variability of the complex system of tropical currents, undercurrents, and countercurrents. His results served as the basis for the design of several international field programs in the three tropical oceans whose different dimensions and different surface winds provide stringent tests for the results concerning the interactions between the waves and currents that determine how the oceans adjust to changing winds.
Aquaculture Production Systems, James H. Tidwell (Editor)

In one succinct volume, the authors skillfully profile the increasing diverse, complex, and continually expanding world aquaculture industry, providing both comprehensive overviews and detailed tec...
Seasonal and spatial variations of global aerosol optical depth: multi-year modelling with GEOS-Chem-APM and comparisons with multiple-platform observations

Recent AeroCom phase II experiments showed a large diversity in aerosol optical depth (AOD) among 16 detailed global aerosol models, which contributes to the large uncertainty in the predicted aerosol radiative forcing. The GEOS-Chem-APM, a global size-resolved aerosol model, can be considered as a representative AeroCom II model. In this study, multi-year AOD data (2004–2012) from ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite retrievals are used to evaluate the performance of GEOS-Chem-APM in capturing observed seasonal and spatial AOD variations. Compared to the observations, the modelled AOD is overall good over land, but quite low over ocean possibly due to low sea salt emission in the model and/or higher AOD in satellite retrievals, specifically MODIS and MISR. We chose 72 AERONET sites having at least 36 months data available and representative of high spatial domain to compare with the model and satellite data. Comparisons in various representative regions show that the model overall agrees well in the major anthropogenic emission regions, such as Europe, East Asia and North America. Relative to the observations, the modelled AOD is systematically lower in biomass burning regions such as South Africa and South America possibly due to uncertainties in emission inventory, but slightly higher in North Africa likely associated with stronger dust emissions in the model. The model is able to capture the realistic seasonal cycle in all regions, including the peak of AOD in major dust events months and biomass burning seasons. The simulated inter-annual variability is overall consistent with the observations, which is distinctly shown in South Africa and South America with strong inter-annual variability compared to other regions. Keywords: aerosol optical depth, GEOS-Chem-APM, MODIS, MISR, SeaWiFS, AERONET (Published: 22 July 2015) Citation: Tellus B 2015, 67, 25115, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.25115
Reinventing the Federal Government: The Role of Theory in Reform Implementation

This paper presents the results of a field investigation into the implementation of President Clinton's "reinventing government' initiative: the National Performance Review (NPR). We examine the efforts of six federal agencies and identify some specific points of tension that have arisen during implementation. The paper concludes that the evident lack of any theoretical coherence to the reforms and the corresponding inability to "tell what's false" have contributed to the development of these points of tension and are likely to present continuing problems to managers attempting to resolve the multiple competing objectives included in the NPR recommendations.
The Natural History of Smoking Cessation Among Medical Patients in a Smoke-Free Hospital.

Our purpose was to determine the frequency and predictors of quitting smoking among patients hospitalized on the medical services of a smoke-free hospital. All smokers admitted to the medical services of a single university teaching hospital were eligible and 129 patients were enrolled. A questionnaire detailing demographic information, stages of change, smoking behavior while hospitalized, and intention to remain abstinent on discharge was administered. The primary discharge diagnosis was obtained from the medical record. Patients were followed at 3- and 6-month intervals for continuous abstinence, with expired carbon monoxide confirmation at 6 months. A total of 7% of smoking patients receiving usual medical care were continuously abstinent at 6 months. Of those who relapsed, 45% did so by the time of discharge, 18% within the first week, 20% between 1 week and 3 months, and 10% between 3 and 6 months after discharge. All patients who were abstinent at 6 months had been admitted for coronary artery disease (CAD). Nine of the 38 patients with CAD were abstinent, versus none of 93 with another diagnosis (p < .001). Smokers admitted to a smoke-free hospital had a high rate of relapse, especially early after discharge. Patients admitted for CAD had a greater likelihood of successfully quitting. Designing hospital-based smoking cessation interventions with a focus on early relapse prevention may help improve smoking cessation rates.
Teaching Residents to Use Supervision Effectively

Psychotherapy supervision is one of the most important avenues through which residents learn psychotherapy. However, instruction on how to effectively use supervision is minimal. Described here is a one-session introduction to supervision designed to help students prepare for their supervision experiences. A questionnaire revealed that residents had no previous education regarding supervision. Most helpful for trainees were the topics of characteristics of good supervisors, addressing problems in supervision, and the supervision contract/agreement. The session helped trainees feel more comfortable and more open in supervision, and prompted them to try different supervision modalities. It is recommended that this program be tried in other residency programs.
Failure of the pineal removal to prevent some cold-induced testicular changes in golden hamsters.

La diminution du poids des testicules et l'arret de la spermatogenese furent observes chez des hamsters exposes au froid et maintenus dans un cycle alternant de 14 h de lumiere et 10 h d'obscurite. En enlevant la glande pineale, ces changements organiques ne se sont pas produits.
Balancing Lateral Loads Using Tendon-Based Supplemental Damping System

A new design and retrofit concept that deals with the placement and functional attributes of dampers for the seismic protection of buildings is presented. The configuration for the proposed concept is referred to as \Iload balancing prestressed tendon-fuse + damper system\N. The system is based on the notion of prestressed load-balancing and uses a combination of tendons, fuse-bars, and dampers; the latter preferably possessing recentering and preload characteristics. It is shown that the system has a direct effect in reducing the overturning moment demand on the main structural elements. The new approach is first contrasted with the concept that is currently used by designers and advocated in FEMA 273. Next, an overall strategy is presented for the various phases of the design process. This includes the facets of conceptual and preliminary design as well as the final design verification process. The efficacy of the preliminary design phase is improved by a well-conceived single-degree-of-freedom idealization of the structural system. The general normalized design parameters for the supplemental system are then transformed for the multi-degree-of-freedom system based on specific configuration details. Finally, the seismic design and evaluation of a nine-story steel building is presented as an example of the applicability of the proposed design algorithm and system configuration.
The Physical Tourist¶Physics and New York City

I discuss the contributions of physicists who have lived and worked in New York City within the context of the high schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions with which they were and are associated. I close with a walking tour of major sites of interest in Manhattan.
Inhibition of the Trichoderma viride cellulase complex by leaf litter extracts

Abstract The inhibition of the Trichoderma viride cellulase complex by extracts (hot water and 0.1 N NaOH) of deciduous and coniferous leaf litters in various stages of decomposition was investigated. Endocellulase and exocellulase activities were much more resistant to inhibition than β-glucosidase. White pine extracts were more inhibitory than deciduous ones and deciduous extracts had similar inhibitory potentials regardless of litter type. Except for β-glucosidase inhibition by water extracts, enzyme inhibition declined during decomposition. These results indicate that direct phenolic (humic) inhibition of cellulase components cannot account for species-specific patterns of cellulase activity in decomposing litter or for declining cellulase activity in the late stages of decomposition. Because β-glucosidase, the most readily inhibited component, might potentially limit cellulolysis, it was studied further, β-glucosidase inhibition by litter extracts was mitigated by the action of phenol oxidase and peroxidase. Complexing β-glucosidase with water-soluble litter fractions increased pH optima and Ea values, but did not affect apparent K m . Because of the mitigating effect of oxidative enzymes and presumed differences in extracellular localization of β-glucosidase relative to other cellulase components, β-glucosidase may not limit cellulolysis in situ .
Highly effective quenching of the ultrafast radiationless decay of photoexcited pyrimidine bases by covalent modification: photophysics of 5,6-trimethylenecytosine and 5,6-trimethyleneuracil.

5,6-Trimethylenecytosine (TMC) and 5,6-trimethyleneuracil (TMU), in which the twist of the C5–C6 bond (or the pyrimidalization of C5) is strongly hindered, do not exhibit the subpicosecond excited-state lifetime characteristic of the naturally occurring pyrimidine bases. This result demonstrates the important role the out-of-plane deformation of the six-membered ring plays in the ultrafast (subpicosecond) internal conversion of photoexcited nucleobases. The dramatically shorter fluorescence lifetime of TMU (∼30 ps) relative to TMC (∼1.2 ns), in aqueous solution at room temperature, is attributed to the presence in TMU of an efficient, secondary nonradiative decay channel of S1(ππ*) involving a low-lying 1nπ* state.
Long-wavelength spin dynamics of ferromagnetic condensates

We obtain the equations of motion for a ferromagnetic Bose condensate of arbitrary spin in the long-wavelength limit. We find that the magnetization of the condensate is described by a nontrivial modification of the Landau-Lifshitz equation, in which the magnetization is advected by the superfluid velocity. This hydrodynamic description, valid when the condensate wave function varies on scales much longer than either the density or spin healing lengths, is physically more transparent than the corresponding time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We discuss the conservation laws of the theory and its application to the analysis of the stability of magnetic helices and Larmor precession. Precessional instabilities, in particular, provide a novel physical signature of dipolar forces.
Tagging materials for detection of explosives

Summary Basic data are presented on the electron attachment properties of compounds which are either good candidates for use as tagging materials for detection of explosives, or can be present as contaminants in air and thus interfere with detection and identification of tagging substances. These aid the choice of suitable tagging compounds. On the basis of such data, perfluorocyclohexene and perfluorocyclopentene are recommended for use as tagging compounds; their electron attachment rates at thermal and near-thermal energies are extremely large. Certain physical aspects of appropriate detectors are discussed.
Superdeformed and hyperdeformed banana shaped nuclides near A = 190

Abstract The effects of Y 1 3 ( θ , φ ) deformations on the energy surface of nuclides in the A = 190 region has been studied. Many nuclides with superdeformed and hyperdeformed minima have been found. The states associated with these minima are found to be near yrast at I = 40.
Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary infections; clinical and bacteriologic studies of six cases.

ALTHOUGH pulmonary infections caused by gram-negative bacilli are much less frequent than those caused by gram-positive cocci, they are generally severe and often leave serious damage in the lungs of patients who recover. Their importance has become particularly evident since the advent of the sulfonamides and penicillin, which have produced highly favorable results in pneumococcal, streptococcal and staphylococcal pneumonias but have not materially influenced those due to gram-negative bacilli. Since the original report by Schatz, Bugie and Waksman1 on streptomycin and its antibacterial action against certain gram-negative bacilli, numerous studies have confirmed the marked effect of this antibiotic against most . . .
The buffalo crime mapping system: a design strategy for the display and analysis of spatially referenced crime data

This paper presents the design strategy for a crime information system with vast capabilities for production of and experimentationwith maps. Detailed disaggregated crime information from the city of Buffalo, New York forms the primary data base for the system. This series of crime files, together with socio-economic data from the Census, are integrated into a geographic information system denoted as the Crime Analysis and Research Package (CARP). The Buffalo Crime Mapping System as a part of CARP is a collection of data files and routines designed for versatile display and analysis of spatially referenced crime data. It deals with three types of information: crime, census, and spatial reference information containing various geometrical indices such as block group boundaries and centroids of statistical units. The boundary information is provided by a flexible arc structure. The three major data files are stored as random access files and are interfaced with various display procedures such as choropleth, graduated circle, and dot mapping programs. The user provides the system with a set of instructions as to the desired map type and its display parameters. A-driver routine then reads the map type instruction and calls the appropriate mapping routine. This mapping program then proceeds by reading the user parameters, accesses the necessary base files, and produces the final map. At its present stage, the system is batch oriented and does not provide for interactive and/or real-time communication features.
A Beam-Combining Eyepiece Configuration

A beam-combining "cube "prism has been incorporated into the eyelens of a simple magnifier type eyepiece in order that a collimated virtual image of a cathode ray tube presentation may be seen superimposed upon the normal direct view of the observer's environment. This unique prism !eyepiece configuration has facilitated the design of high resolution head-mounted optical displays with apparent fields of view as large as 40° while minimizing the physical size of the projection optics. By use of moderately high index glass in the prism, a significant reduction in lens aperture as compared to that required with the equivalent beam-combining mirror arrangement can be achieved. The major features of this special eyepiece are discussed and some useful applications of the device are described.
Small bowel rupture after blunt trauma: Computed tomographic signs and their sensitivity

The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) signs of small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma and to evaluate their sensitivity. Nineteen preoperative CT scans were obtained from 16 patients with surgically proven small bowel rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Only the CT findings described in the original CT reports were used. Eleven of 19 CT scans (58 %) had findings that were unequivocal for bowel rupture (i.e., extraluminal air and/or extravasation of oral contrast medium). Seven CT scans (37 %) had findings that were suggestive of severe small bowel injury (i.e., focal small bowel wall thickening and/or free peritoneal fluid without other accompanying organ injuries). In all, 95 % of cases of small bowel rupture had either pathognomonic or suggestive CT findings. One CT scan did not demonstrate small bowel wall thickening, although a hemoperitoneum was present. CT is a sensitive method for suggesting severe small bowel injury and rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.
An introduction to the special issue on advances in process and dynamic system analysis of social interaction and the development of antisocial behavior.

A thorough understanding of how social relationships contribute to child and adolescent trajectories for antisocial behavior may be facilitated by: (a) ascertaining multiple relationship processes (e.g., warmth and reciprocity, coercion and deviancy training); (b) focusing on multiple relationships (e.g., with parents, peers, siblings, and teachers); and (c) assessing relationship processes using increasingly sophisticated measurement and theoretical models (e.g., global ratings and sequential and dynamical systems analyses) of observed microsocial interaction. The reports comprising this special issue, and how they build on and advance previous research efforts, are described from this frame of reference.
Stationary second-degree iterative methods

Abstract Convergence properties are analyzed for stationary second-degree iterative methods for the solution of linear systems of algebraic equations. The general theory is presented in terms of homogeneous second-order difference equations with constant coefficients. Expressions are derived for the virtual spectral radius after n iterations as well as the virtual asymptotic average spectral radius.
Architectural Support for High Speed Protection of Memory Integrity and Confidentiality in Multiprocessor Systems

Recently there is a growing effort in both the architecture and the security community to create a hardware solution for authenticating system memory. As shown in the previous work, hardware-based memory authentication becomes a vital component for creating future trusted computing environments and digital rights protection. Almost all these prior work have focused on authenticating memory exclusively owned by a single processing element. However, in today's computing platforms, memory is often shared by multiple processing elements that support a shared system memory with a snooping cache coherence protocol. Authenticating shared memory is a new challenge to memory protection. In this paper, we present a secure and fast architecture for authenticating shared memory. In terms of incorporating memory authentication into the processor pipeline, we propose a new scheme called authentication speculative execution. Unlike the prior approaches, our scheme does not compromise security for performance. The novel ASE scheme is not only secure as it is combined with a onetime-pad (OTP) based memory encryption but also efficient to tolerate authentication latency by executing unauthenticated instructions speculatively. Results using modified RSIM running SPLASH2 benchmark show only 5% overhead in performance on dual and quad processor platforms. Furthermore, ASE shows 80% better performance on average over conservative nonspeculative execution based authentication schemes. The scheme is of practical use for both multiprocessor systems and uni-processor systems where memory is shared by one main processor and other co-processors on the system bus.
Strengthening the law of the sea: The new agreement on straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea establishes a general framework for the conservation and management of all living marine resources. This general framework has not, however, prevented the precipitous decline of several key fish stocks, a decline that has, in turn, threatened the stability of the law of the sea. Now, the United Nations has produced a new treaty setting forth more specific rules to govern fish stocks that cross the 200‐mile line, i.e., the line that separates the exclusive economic zones of coastal states from the high seas. This article reviews the salient aspects of the new treaty, as well as its prospects for stemming the decline of fishery resources and for strengthening the law of the sea.
Imaging techniques for prostate cancer: implications for focal therapy

The multifocal nature of prostate cancer has necessitated whole-gland therapy in the past; however, since the widespread use of PSA screening, patients frequently present with less-advanced disease. Many men with localized disease wish to avoid the adverse effects of whole-gland therapy; therefore, focal therapy for prostate cancer is being considered as a treatment option. For focal treatment to be viable, accurate imaging is required for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of treatment. Developments in MRI and PET have brought more attention to prostate imaging and the possibility of improving the accuracy of focal therapy. In this Review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods for imaging the prostate, new developments for targeted imaging, and the possible role of image-guided biopsy and therapy for localized prostate cancer.
Study on Application of Fast Intrinsic Mode Decomposition to Short-Term Load Forecasting

The forecasting technique is one of the key factors for load forecasting. According to analysis, the Fast Intrinsic Mode Decomposition (FIMD) method is applied to short-term load forecasting in this paper. The specific implementation process of the proposed short-term load forecasting method is in the following. The selected load sample data are decomposed into a number of stationary Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) with respective single mode by the FIMD method firstly. Then, each obtained load component with different frequency band is forecasted according to the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) method by time-sharing. The final forecasting models are obtained by rebuilding the forecasting model of each IMF. Lots of virtual forecasting tests are done, and it proves that the proposed load forecasting method based on the FIMD method in this paper is more accurate than the method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD).
An Intraweek Seasonality in the Implied Volatilities of Individual and Index Options

This paper studies intraweek seasonalities in the implied volatilities of options on stock market indices. Oneway analysis of variance isolates the daily behavior of implied volatilities. The differential between call implied volatility and put implied volatility tends to drop on Friday and rise on Monday. Relying on a synthetic futures contract created from options, an explanatory model is proposed. The model complements previous research on the difference between the intraweek behavior of stock market indices and that of derivative instruments based on the indices.
Perturbation theory for diffuse light transport in complex biological tissues

A perturbation theory for the forward problem of optical transport in turbid media is developed. It is applicable to media with scattering and absorption in homogeneties and steady-state and modulated light. Absorbing perturbations can be described by a volume distribution of virtual sources that primarily causes a monopole perturbation light field. Scattering objects have an additional contribution that, in the limiting case of sharply bounded objects, is represented by a surface distribution of virtual sources and causes a dipolelike perturbation pattern. Using the concept of virtual sources, we discuss a possible ambiguity between the perturbations from scattering and absorbing inhomogeneities and the implications for the source-detector placement in inverse problems. We show that the surface effects due to sharp boundaries of scattering objects pose both a numerical problem and a chance to improve the resolution of inverse algorithms.
The loci and mechanisms of leadership: Exploring a more comprehensive view of leadership theory

Through a qualitative review of the leadership literature, we derive two fundamental principles for codifying the last century of leadership theory and research: the locus and mechanism of leadership. Our systematic review and categorization of past theories suggests that further development of the follower, collective and context loci, and the affect mechanism is needed. Building on these insights, we propose that by simultaneously considering all five loci and four mechanisms in their theories, leadership scholars can advance a more comprehensive and integrative understanding of the leadership phenomenon. We then demonstrate the potential of using the locus and mechanism framework for examining and expanding current and future leadership theory including work on shared and strategic leadership.