cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hot Fuel Examination Facility Neutron Radiography Reactor Design

The high demand for neutron radiography of both irradiated and non-irradiated reactor structural and fuel specimens resulted in the decision to install a neutron radiography facility in the Hot Fuel Examination Facility/ North at Argonne National Laboratory’s Idaho Site. The neutron radiography facility was designed for both in-cell and out-of-cell radiography with high throughput. The facility uses state-of-the art radiography techniques with maximum flexibility for incorporating radiography techniques to be developed in the future.
The Knee: Osteochondritis Dissecans

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a focal stress reaction to the subchondral bone that often occurs in skeletally immature adolescent athletes. It classically occurs at the posterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle, and the majority can be diagnosed with plain radiographs if four views are performed including a intercondylar notch view. It presents with activity-related knee pain. MRI is useful for determining lesion stability. Stable OCD lesions are treated conservatively with activity modification and/or limitation of weight bearing. Operative intervention is reserved for stable lesions that do not heal after 6–9 months of conservative management, for large stable lesions in children approaching skeletal maturity and for most unstable lesions especially if symptomatic. Arthroscopic drilling is the commonly accepted treatment for stable lesions while internal fixation is added for unstable lesions. Unsalvageable OCD lesions devoid of subchondral bone are generally treated initially with debridement and excision, followed by a cartilage repair technique microfracture, osteochondral autograft transplantation, or autologous chondrocyte implantation. Excellent short-term results have been reported with these techniques; though, long-term data are lacking regarding the future development of osteoarthritis in this young patient population.
A Short History of MIDI

We present a concise history of the MIDI technology, an industrial interface for digital communication in music.
Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use in Children with Supracondylar Humeral Fractures: Balancing Analgesia and Opioid Stewardship.

Background:Effective postoperative analgesia remains a priority in orthopaedic surgery, but concerns with regard to opioid diversion and misuse have brought overdue attention to improving opioid stewardship. Normative data for postoperative pain and opioid use are needed to guide and balance these d
The New Case for Bureaucracy

Over the course of three decades and more, hundreds of college and university professors and tens of thousands of undergraduate and M.P.A. students have benefited from reading The Case for Bureaucr...
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the US Department of Energy Integrated Safety Process (SS-21) for Nuclear Explosive Operations using quantitative hazard analysis

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the US Department of Energy Integrated Safety Process or “Seamless Safety (SS-21)” program for reducing risk associated with nuclear explosive operations. A key element in the Integrated Safety Process is the use of hazard assessment techniques to evaluate process design changes in parallel or concurrently with process design and development. This concurrent hazard assessment method recently was employed for the B61-0, 2 & 5 and W69 nuclear explosive dismantlement activities. This paper reviews the SS-21 hazard assessment process and summarizes the results of the concurrent hazard assessments performed for the B61 and W69 dismantlement programs. Comparisons of quantitative hazard assessment results before and after implementation of the SS-21 design process shed light on the effectiveness of the SS-21 program for achieving risk reduction.
High-Sensitivity Troponin in Noncardiac Surgery: Pandora's Box or Opportunity for Precision Perioperative Care?

Article, see p 1221 Worldwide, an estimated 200 million noncardiac surgeries are performed each year.1 As many as 10 million of these surgeries have overt cardiovascular complications that lead to worse clinical outcomes, including increased risk of death in short-term follow-up.2 A recent report from the VISION Study (Vascular Events in Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation) investigators suggested that these overt cardiovascular complications are just the tip of the iceberg. Among 21 842 patients ≥45 years of age undergoing noncardiac surgery at 23 centers worldwide, nearly 1 in 5 had evidence of myocardial injury as determined by elevated high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) in the first 3 days postoperatively, 93% without any ischemic symptoms to support a diagnosis of myocardial infarction.3 Further, there was a graded increase in 30-day mortality with higher hsTnT levels. However, despite the clear association of hsTnT elevation with 30-day mortality, whether routine screening for postoperative hsTnT elevation would lead to care decisions or interventions that improve clinical outcomes or, conversely, opens a Pandora’s box of additional testing and treatment with potentially unintended consequences is an unanswered question. In this issue of Circulation , Puelacher and colleagues4 offer additional insights into the frequency, clinical presentation, and risk associated with perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) among higher-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery that suggest the importance of answering this question. They examined PMI among 2018 consecutive patients at increased risk for cardiovascular complications (≥65 years of age or ≥45 years of age with a history of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or stroke) who underwent 2546 noncardiac surgeries at a single hospital. It is important to know that hsTnT was systematically assessed both pre- and postoperatively as part of a standard-of-care protocol that included specific assessments and an automatic trigger for cardiology consultation for patients with …
A Primer on Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging for the Emergency Physician.

Abstract Background Brain noncontrast computed tomography (CT), CT angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging have been used clinically for decades, and emergency physicians have a good understanding of their indications, the meaning of their results, and some facility with the interpretation of CT. However, brain CT perfusion (CTP) is relatively new and emergency physicians are less familiar with its basic concepts, indications, and role in managing patients with neurological emergencies. Objective We will review the parameters of clinical interest on a CTP report, and how to incorporate them into clinical decision-making. Discussion Endovascular therapies paired with CTP have opened up a new frontier in stroke management for severely debilitated stroke patients. It is important for emergency physicians to have an understanding of CTP and how to use it clinically. Conclusion Taking care of patients with large-vessel occlusions is multidisciplinary, and emergency physicians need to understand CTP imaging and its clinical utility.
Hairy Cell Leukemia, Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant, and Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and hairy cell leukemia-like neoplasms including HCL variant (HCL-V) and Splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SDRPL) are a group of small mature B-cell lymphomas that often involved the spleen, blood, and bone marrow. HCL accounts for only 2% of lymphoid leukemias and HCL-V and SDRPL are even rare. HCL shows characteristic morphology of kidney-bean-shaped nuclei and abundant clear cytoplasm with cytoplasmic hairy projection and phenotypically coexpresses CD19, CD20, CD11c, CD25, and CD103. Nearly 100% of patients with HCL harbor BRAF V600E mutation. Given the differences in infiltrating pattern, phenotype, clinical course, and molecular profiles, both HCL-V and SDRPL are subcategorized under splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable as provisional entities according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The clinicopathologic features of all rare lymphomas involving the spleen will be discussed in this chapter.
Inside Out and Upside-Down: The Roles of Gas Cooling and Dynamical Heating in Shaping the Stellar Age-Velocity Relation

Kinematic studies of disk galaxies, using individual stars in the Milky Way or statistical studies of global disk kinematics over time, provide insight into how disks form and evolve. We use a high-resolution, cosmological zoom-simulation of a Milky Way-mass disk galaxy h277 to tie together local disk kinematics and the evolution of the disk over time. The present-day stellar age-velocity relationship (AVR) of h277 is nearly identical to that of the analogous solar-neighborhood measurement in the Milky Way. A crucial element of this success is the simulation's dynamically cold multi-phase ISM, which allows young stars to form with a low velocity dispersion ($\sigma_{\mathrm{birth}}$$\sim 6 - 8\ \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$) at late times. Older stars are born kinematically hotter (i.e., the disk settles over time in an "upside-down" formation scenario), and are subsequently heated after birth. The disk also grows "inside-out", and many of the older stars in the solar neighborhood at $z=0$ are present because of radial mixing. We demonstrate that the evolution of $\sigma_{\mathrm{birth}}$ in h277 can be explained by the same model used to describe the general decrease in velocity dispersion observed in disk galaxies from $z\sim 2-3$ to the present-day, in which the disk evolves in quasi-stable equilibrium and the ISM velocity dispersion decreases over time due to a decreasing gas fraction. Thus, our results tie together local observations of the Milky Way's AVR with observed kinematics of high $z$ disk galaxies.
Lactobacillus strains vary in their ability to interact with human endometrial stromal cells.

The placental membranes that surround the fetus during pregnancy were suggested to contain a low abundance microbiota. Specifically, abundance of Lactobacillus, a probiotic and dominant member of the microbiome of the lower reproductive tract, has been shown to correlate with healthy, term pregnancies. We therefore sought to assess the interactions between four different Lactobacillus strains with immortalized decidualized endometrial cells (dT-HESCs), which were used as a model to represent the outermost layer of the placental membranes. Notably, we demonstrated that all four Lactobacillus strains could associate with dT-HESCs in vitro. L. crispatus was significantly more successful (p 0.05). In addition, association with Lactobacillus did not result in increased host cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that varying types of Lactobacillus can attach to the outermost cells of the placental membranes and that these interactions do not contribute to inflammatory responses or host cell death. To our knowledge this is the first in vitro study to support the ability of Lactobacillus to interact with placental cells, which is important when considering its use as a potential probiotic within the reproductive tract.
Utilizing Web Trackers for Sybil Defense

User tracking has become ubiquitous practice on the Web, allowing services to recommend behaviorally targeted content to users. In this article, we design Alibi, a system that utilizes such readily...
Structure characterization of the clogging process of coarse fibrous filter media during solid particle loading with X-ray micro-computed tomography

Abstract Fibrous nonwoven filters are widely used in various air filtration applications. Coarse filters are typically used to protect and extend the lifetime of high-efficiency filters. However, unlike high-efficiency filters, limited work had been carried out to study the evolution of filtration properties and filter structures during the clogging process of coarse fibrous filters due to the lack of non-invasive and non-destructive structural characterization techniques. In this study, a coarse nonwoven filter media with a 94.52% mean porosity value was fabricated. The filtration properties of the studied coarse filter, including pressure drop and filtration efficiency, were found to increase along with the particle loading. The X-ray micro-computed tomography (XMCT) was used to non-invasively characterize the 3D structures of clean and particle-loaded fibrous nonwoven coarse filters at different clogging stages. Although the surface area scanned by XMCT (research of interest, 600*600 µm2) was a tiny spot on the whole filter media, this surface area exhibited good representativeness of the average structural properties of the whole filter media, e.g., porosity in this study. Depth profiles of local porosity and particle solidity across the full thickness of filter XMCT image indicated that at the beginning of particle loading stages, particles were captured and trapped by the top part of filter thickness, which was corresponded to the reported clogging process of high-efficiency filters. Then particles could be found across the full filter thickness. However, during the transitioning from the depth filtration stage to the surface filtration stage, clogging with high particle solidity was found in the bottom part of filter thickness. As more particles were loaded, clogging was found in both the middle and bottom parts. After that, the top part would be clogged, and the surface cake would start forming thereafter. This is the first report of the clogging process of the fibrous nonwoven coarse filter. Pore diameter distribution derived from the pore skeleton network via skeletonization of the 3D particle-loaded filter structures also described the same structure evolution during dust loading.
Visualizing and Annotating Protein Sequences using A Deep Neural Network

It is critical for biological studies to annotate amino acid sequences and understand how proteins function. Protein function is important to medical research in the health industry (e.g., drug discovery). With the advancement of deep learning, accurate protein annotation models have been developed for alignment free protein annotation. In this paper, we develop a deep learning model with an attention mechanism that can predict Gene Ontology labels given a protein sequence input. We believe this model can produce accurate predictions as well as maintain good interpretability. We further show how the model can be interpreted by examining and visualizing the intermediate layer output in our deep neural network.
Defects Analysis of 550kV OIP Transformer Bushing

The defect of a 550kV transformer OIP bushing was investigated. Finite element model of the bushing is established and the electric field is obtained, the insulation design of bushing is investigated, and the design margin of various key points of bushing is analyzed. The detailed modelling and simulation of wrinkles on foils is carried out. The influence of wrinkle size and position on the local electric field is analyzed. According to the disassembly and simulation results, suggestions for the design and manufacturing technique of bushing are given.
Identification of the Fc-alpha/mu Receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport

The poly-Immunoglobulin Receptor (pIgR) transcytoses J chain-containing antibodies through mucosal epithelia. In mammals, two cis-duplicates of PIGR, FCMR and FCAMR, flank the PIGR gene. A PIGR duplication is first found in amphibians, previously annotated as PIGR2 (herein xlFCAMR), and is expressed by antigen-presenting cells. We demonstrate that xlFcamR is the equivalent of mammalian FcamR. It has been assumed that pIgR is the oldest member of this family, yet our data could not distinguish whether PIGR or FCAMR emerged first; however, FCMR was the last family member to emerge. Interestingly, bony fish 'pIgR' is not an orthologue of tetrapod pIgR, and possibly acquired its function via convergent evolution. PIGR/FCAMR/FCMR are members of a larger superfamily including TREM, CD300, and NKp44, which we name the 'double-disulfide Ig superfamily' (ddIgSF). Domains related to each ddIgSF family were identified in cartilaginous fish (sharks, chimeras) and encoded in a single gene cluster syntenic to the human pIgR locus. Thus, the ddIgSF families date back to earliest antibody-based adaptive immunity, but apparently not before. Finally, our data strongly suggest that the J chain arose in evolution only for Ig multimerization. This study provides a framework for further studies of pIgR and the ddIgSF in vertebrates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Theoretical calculation of nitrogen isotope equilibrium exchange fractionation factors for various NOy molecules

Abstract The nitrogen stable isotope ratio ( 15 N/ 14 N) of nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) and its oxidation products (NO y = NO x + PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate = C 2 H 3 NO 5 ) + HNO 3 + NO 3 + HONO + N 2 O 5 + ⋯ + particulate nitrates) has been suggested as a tool for partitioning NO x sources; however, the impact of nitrogen (N) equilibrium isotopic fractionation on 15 N/ 14 N ratios during the conversion of NO x to NO y must also be considered, but few fractionation factors for these processes have been determined. To address this limitation, computational quantum chemistry calculations of harmonic frequencies, reduced partition function ratios ( 15 β ), and N equilibrium isotope exchange fractionation factors ( α A/B ) were performed for various gaseous and aqueous NO y molecules in the rigid rotor and harmonic oscillator approximations using the B3LYP and EDF2 density functional methods for the mono-substitution of 15 N. The calculated harmonic frequencies, 15 β , and α A/B are in good agreement with available experimental measurements, suggesting the potential to use computational methods to calculate α A/B values for N isotope exchange processes that are difficult to measure experimentally. Additionally, the effects of solvation (water) on 15 β and α A/B were evaluated using the IEF-PCM model, and resulted in lower 15 β and α A/B values likely due to the stabilization of the NO y molecules from dispersion interactions with water. Overall, our calculated 15 β and α A/B values are accurate in the rigid rotor and harmonic oscillator approximations and will allow for the estimation of α A/B involving various NO y molecules. These calculated α A/B values may help to explain the trends observed in the N stable isotope ratio of NO y molecules in the atmosphere.
Are interfacility ground transports of patients utilizing intra-aortic balloon pumps safe?

Objective. To determine whether the interfacility ground transport of patients with intra-aortic balloon pumps results in morbidity or mortality during transfer. Methods. Charts of all intra-aortic balloon pump transports by a private ambulance company occurring from January 1998 through December 1999 (24 months) were reviewed retrospectively. Records were assessed by a single reviewer for adverse events, explicitly defined as any notation on the record describing death, chest pain, dyspnea, altered mental status, device malfunction, bleeding, unstable vital signs (heart rate <50 beats/min or ≥120 beats/min, respiratory rate <12 breaths/min or ≥30 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg), or hypoxia (oxygen saturation <93%). Unstable vital signs as defined above did not count as adverse events if they represented a patient's baseline condition prior to transport. Results. Thirty-two transports were identified during the study period. Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) had no adverse events. There were n...
Infertility and Length of Medical Treatment Effects on Psychological, Marital, and Sexual Functioning

Twenty infertile couples participated in the present study to investigate psychological, marital, and sexual adjustment, specifically as related to length of time they had been in treatment. The instruments administered were the SCL-90-R (Symptom Checklist), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Index of Sexual Satisfaction (1SS). Findings indicated marital and sexual adjustment did not adversely relate to length of time infertile couples had been seeking medical attention. However, psychological distress was evident, especially for husbands during the time when treatment regimens begin. Psychological intervention may help normalize feelings, provide practical information related to the experience of infertility treatment, assess coping skills, and evaluate expectations. In addition, clinicians must implement any type of psychological intervention with both members of the infertile couple, regardless of which spouse is receiving the medical treatment.
Verification of a simple pipelined machine model

The difficulty of pipelined machine verification derives from the fact that there is a complex time-abstraction between the pipelined implementation and its specification which executes instructions sequentially. To study this problem, we define a simple three-stage pipelined machine in ACL2. We prove that this pipelined machine returns the same result as its specification machine. In order to ease the proof, we define an intermediate abstraction called MAETT. This abstraction models the behavior of instructions in the pipelined architecture, and it allows us to define directly and verify invariant conditions about executed instructions. The author used a similar approach to verify a more realistic pipelined machine. This chapter serves as an introduction to the verification of pipelined machines.
A non-paternalistic model of research ethics and oversight: assessing the benefits of prospective review.

To judge from the rash of recent law review articles, it is a miracle that research with human subjects in the U.S. continues to draw breath under the asphyxiating heel of the rent-seeking, creativity-stifling, jack-booted bureaucrethics that is the current system of research ethics oversight and review. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), sometimes called Research Ethics Committees (RECs), have been accused of perpetrating “probably the most widespread violation of the First Amendment in our nation's history,” resulting in a “disaster, not only for academics, but for the whole nation.” One member of the President's Council on Bioethics went so far as to assert, “There has been no greater damage to academic freedom in the United States in my lifetime. And my lifetime encompasses McCarthy and it encompasses political correctness, both.” Locked in the bureaucratic “iron cage” of IRB oversight, critics charge that researchers have been transformed into a vulnerable, exposed population, subject to domination, that has been likened in one case to a kind of “Tuskegee in reverse.”
The Growing Semantic Web

From its beginnings in 2004, the data available on the web in Semantic Web formats has typically been both eclectic and relatively small, and closely linked the interests of particular researchers. In the past year, however, the quantity and scope of data published on the public semantic web has exploded, and the size of the semantic web is now measured in the billions of assertions. It is a significant and growing resource for applications which depend on web-based resources for some or all of their knowledge. With this massive increase in quantity and scope come many opportunities, as well as the usual issues of scale on the web: inconsistency, mapping problems, incompleteness and data variability. This talk will cover the history and current state of the Semantic Web and the Linked Data Cloud, describe some of the uses to which web-based semantic data is currently put, and discuss prospects for the ECML/PKDD community to leverage this growing web of data.
Primary care management of tuberous sclerosis complex in children.

Purpose: To provide primary care providers with a general overview of the genetic disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). By understanding the disease mechanism for this genetic condition, providers can effectively care for TSC patients and properly educate families who are affected by TSC. The article also describes the multi-system clinical presentation of the disease to assist primary care providers with an early diagnosis. Data Resources: Research articles and evidence-based guidelines found through MEDLINE and the World Wide Web. Conclusions: Using various diagnostic tools and treatment options, providers can offer the multidisciplinary approach needed to manage this disease appropriately. New treatment options, such as rapamycin, may be the future drug of choice in treating TSC. Implications for practice: By following evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, providers can hope to reduce TSC-related morbidity and mortality.
Theoretical considerations for mapping activation in human cardiac fibrillation

Defining mechanisms for cardiac fibrillation is challenging because, in contrast to other arrhythmias, fibrillation exhibits complex non-repeatability in spatiotemporal activation but paradoxically exhibits conserved spatial gradients in rate, dominant frequency, and electrical propagation. Unlike animal models, in which fibrillation can be mapped at high spatial and temporal resolution using optical dyes or arrays of contact electrodes, mapping of cardiac fibrillation in patients is constrained practically to lower resolutions or smaller fields-of-view. In many animal models, atrial fibrillation is maintained by localized electrical rotors and focal sources. However, until recently, few studies had revealed localized sources in human fibrillation, so that the impact of mapping constraints on the ability to identify rotors or focal sources in humans was not described. Here, we determine the minimum spatial and temporal resolutions theoretically required to detect rigidly rotating spiral waves and focal sources, then extend these requirements for spiral waves in computer simulations. Finally, we apply our results to clinical data acquired during human atrial fibrillation using a novel technique termed focal impulse and rotor mapping (FIRM). Our results provide theoretical justification and clinical demonstration that FIRM meets the spatio-temporal resolution requirements to reliably identify rotors and focal sources for human atrial fibrillation.
Structural and compositional characterization of polycrystals and single crystals in the Bi- and Tl-superconductor systems: Crystal structure of TlCaBa2Cu2O7

Abstract The growth of mm-sized crystals in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconductor systems shows the common presence of polycrystals, which can be described as syntactic intergrowth crystals, as well as normal single crystals. Three distinct phases with superconducting transitions at 103 K, 106–108 K and 112–114 K have been grown in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Ca-O system. The newly identified 103 K phase is TlCaBa 2 Cu 2 O 7 which is structurally similar to YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 but without the presence of chains. Transmission electron diffraction and electron microprobe analysis on several polycrystals show that they are composed of interlayers of these distinct phases grown epitaxially along the c -axis. Crystals have been grown for two phases in the Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system that exhibit transition temperatures at 80 K and at 92 K. Oxygen annealing substantially improves the superconducting properties of most of the crystals.
Inequality and the standard of living

Abstract This paper presents an econometric approach to the normative analysis of economic growth. The approach has the crucial advantage over national accounting measures that both equity and efficiency considerations are brought to bear. To illustrate our methodology we assess the impact of price changes and changes in the distribution of total expenditure on the U.S. standard of living. Focusing on the period 1947–1985, we find that growth in equity accounts for 14.2 percent of the growth in the standard of living. However, equity growth is concentrated in the period 1958–1978. Equity actually declined from 1947–1958 and from 1978–1983.
A Method for Ventilatory Measurements in Subjects 1 Month-5 Years of Age: Normal Results and Observations in Disease

Extract: Using the total body plethysmograph, a method for the measurement of lung volume and airway resistance was developed for infants and young children of 1 month-5 years of age. The subjects were studied in a supine position using a reproducible method of sedation. The procedure providing the most consistent results involved use of a Rendell-Baker mask directly controlled by the operator while the subjects were breathing through the nose. Availability of an oscilloscope permitted immediate detection of pressure leaks, artifacts, and abnormal patterns during each determination and minimized potential errors during the study of each subject. Care was required to avoid pressure on the tip of the nose because an abnormally high airway resistance resulted. The logarithmic relation of thoracic gas volume (TGV) at functional residual capacity (FRC) to body length for 52 normal subjects compared well with results obtained on newborn infants and with those obtained on older subjects. The equation was: TGV at FRC, litters = 1.57 × 10-5 × length, cm2.238 (correlation coefficient = 0.948). The logarithmic relation of airway conductance to TGV was: conductance, liters/sec/cm H2O = 0.1431 TGV, liters0.6441 (correlation coefficient = 0.835). Comparison with older subjects was limited by the difference in airflow rates at which the airway conductance was determined (0.06-0.28 liters/sec versus about 0.5 liters/sec for adults) and by the use of sedation and nasal breathing in this study; adults are studied a wake and during mouth breathing. Comparison of our conductance values with those obtained on unsedated newborns suggests that either sedation alters the airway resistance or that some change occurs in the airway size-lung volume relation during the first weeks of life. Examples of the application of this method to patients with asthmatic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis of the pancreas are provided. Speculation: It is possible that an airflow-lung voliume-airway resistance relation exists throughout life; however, the results presented in this study, combined with those previously presented on newborns for airway resistance, suggest that a change may occur in the relation of the size of the airways to lung volume during early infancy, or that sedation alters airway resistance. Development of this and other methodology should permit more adequate studies of the early changes in pulmonary physiology associated with growth and the acute and chronic pulmonary conditions seen during the first 5 years of life.
Bayesian coverage optimization models

Finding a subset collection that provides optimal population coverage is a frequently encountered deterministic problem. A random sample is often used to formulate the optimal coverage (OC) model, which is then used to select the subsets that provide the estimated optimal population coverage. Such problems are ubiquitous and occur in both the public and private sectors; examples include media selection, placement of municipal services such as sirens and waste dumps, and reserve site selection. Conceptualizing sample elements as counts in a contingency table, we show how decision-makers can combine prior information with sample data to help formulate OC models. We consider conjugate and vague priors with classical and empirical Bayesian interpretations. We show that the predictive approach yields a common marketing exposure model that has previously been justified empirically. Finally, we demonstrate the potential importance of our results on problems generated from a well-known example from the literature.
Scientific Basis of Electro-Stimulation

Any external electrical intervention in living biological tissue interrupts its normal sequence of bioelectric events and associated microenvironment. Whether external electrical stimulation can be used to help tissue in recovering and restoring its normal activities from fractured or diseased states such as nonunion, delayed union, congenital pseudar-throsis or osteoporosis, depends upon several factors. These include thorough knowledge of the structure and properties of the tissue under consideration, both with and without electrical stimulation. In this article the electrical methods used in clinical applications and investigations for electro-osteogenesis are summarized. This is followed by a brief account of reported results on the electric and the electromechanical properties of bone. The role of the electrical characteristics of bone in stimulating bone growth and remodeling using electricity are described. Although the clinical applications of electrical stimulation are of value in the treatment o...
Ion recombination luminescence in polymer glasses induced by electron irradiation. I. High‐vinyl polybutadiene

The luminescence of 1,2-polybutadiene was measured during and following irradiation with 1.4-MeV electrons at 90/sup 0/K. Measured under isothermal conditions, the light intensity at first increases sharply on start-up of irradiation, and then reaches a plateau after several seconds. The equilibrium value was found to be linearly dependent on the dose rate employed. The post-irradiation luminescence decay measured at 90/sup 0/K follows second-order kinetics. The light emitted by the irradiated sample during warm-up to room temperature is characterized by the appearance of four intensity maxima at 118, 168, 223, and 261/sup 0/K. The first three peaks are attributable to the onset of local motion, whereas the peak at 223/sup 0/K is caused by the long-range motion occurring at the glass-to-rubber transition. A preirradiation of the polymer in vacuo causes an increase in these four peaks as well as the formation of a new maximum at 143/sup 0/K. Intermittent exposure of the irradiated sample to light of wavelengths lambda > 450 nm causes the isothermal luminescence decay to be interrupted by a burst of light emitted by the sample during and shortly following the light exposure. This treatment also results in considerably reduced intensity maxima during warm-up to room temperature. Anmore » interpretation of the findings reported is given on the basis of reactions involving primary and secondary transient species produced during irradiation and on the molecular parameters of the polybutadiene.« less
Doxepin and imipramine: effect on catecholamine inhibition of ganglionic transmission.

Abstract Doxepin (DOX) and imipramine (IM) administered by close intra-arterial injection (25, 40 and 60 μg/kg) potentiated the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine (NE) on electrically-evoked postganglionic potentials in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat. Dose-response relationships indicated no significant difference between DOX and IM with regard to their effect on NE activity. Potentiation of dopamine (DA)-induced suppression of ganglionic transmission by DOX and IM (25, 40 and 60 μg/kg) was not as pronounced as the potentiation of NE activity by these two antidepressants. Significant potentiation of DA was evident only at the 40 and 60 μg/kg dose levels of DOX and IM. Dose-response relationships indicated that potentiation of DA by DOX was significantly greater than that produced by IM.
What Would You Do? Strategies for Bystander Intervention to Prevent Sexual Violence by College Students

AbstractBystander education is an increasingly utilized strategy for addressing sexual assault prevention and intervention on U.S. college campuses. Given the paramount importance of peers among college students, what types of pro-social bystander interventions do students themselves deem feasible in the campus context? Drawing on self-reports from first-year undergraduate students who participated in a bystander education program, this analysis summarizes a range of student responses. Because peers form the support base for these interventions, their influence must be accounted for in the development of bystander education interventions on campuses.
Robust Auto-Calibration from Pedestrians

The knowledge of camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters is useful, as it allows us to make world measurements. Unfortunately, calibration information is rarely available in video surveillance systems and it is difficult to obtain once the system is installed. Auto-calibrating cameras using moving objects (humans) has recently attracted a lot of interest. Two methods are proposed by Lv-Nevatia(2002) and Krahnstoever-Mendonca(2005). The inherent difficulty of the problem lies in the noise that is generally present in the data. We propose a robust and a general linear solution to the problem by adopting a formulation different from the existing methods. The uniqueness of formulation lies in recognizing two harmonic homologies present in the geometry obtained by observing pedestrians, and then using properties of these homologies to obtain linear constraints on the unknown camera parameters. Experiments with synthetic as well as on real data are presented - indicating the practicality of the proposed system.
Predictors of Avoidable Hospitalizations Among Assisted Living Residents

Objectives: Hospitalizations for long term care residents, including those from assisted living facilities (ALFs), are very costly, often traumatic, and increase risk for iatrogenic disorders for those involved. Currently, hospital expenditures account for approximately one-third of total national health care spending. Hospitalizations for ambulatory careesensitive (ACS) conditions are considered potentially avoidable, as these are physical health conditions that can often be treated safely at a lower level of care or occur as a result of lack of timely, adequate treatment at a lower level of care. The goal was to examine risk factors for hospitalization for an ACS condition of Medicaid-enrolled younger and older ALF residents during 2003e2008. Design: This is a retrospective cohort study that used 5 years of Medicaid enrollment and fee-for-service claims data. Participants: The study sample included 16,208 Medicaid-enrolled ALF residents in Florida, 7991 (49%) of whom were 65 years of age or older. Results: In total, study participants had 22,114 hospitalizations, 3759 (17%) of which were for an ACS condition. Sixteen percent of all ALF residents (n ¼ 2587), about 12% of the younger residents and 20% of the older residents, had at least one ACS hospitalization. ACS hospitalizations constitute 13% of all hospitalizations for the younger residents and 22% of all hospitalizations for the older residents. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we found that for both age groups, increased age, being Hispanic or of other race/ethnicity, and having comorbid physical health conditions were associated with a higher risk of ACS hospitalization. For older residents, having a dementia diagnosis and being African American reduced the risk of ACS hospitalization, whereas for younger residents having a major psychotic disorder reduced the risk of ACS hospitalization. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for increased education, communication, and future research on these predictive factors. The increased frequency of hospitalization for ACS conditions among ALF residents with minority status and older age may well indicate that their more complex health care needs are not being adequately addressed. The role of serious mental illness and dementia in risk for ACS hospitalization also deserves further attention.
Postnatal Neurophysiologic Effects of Prenatal X-irradiation

Histological and neurophysiological effects of in utero irradiation were examined following exposure of pregnant Wistar rat to 2·0 Gy X-irradiation or sham-irradiated on the 17th day of gestation. The 234 newborns were monitored for the age of appearance of four selected physiologic markers and the age of acquisition of five selected reflexes. Offspring were evaluated as young adults using selected behavioural tests. Postnatal growth was monitored weekly. Selected offspring were autopsied to determine the presence of morphologic central nervous system alterations. The results indicated that 2·0 Gy X-irradiation during the foetal period in rat gestation caused permanent alterations in the mature adult organism, which include non-recuperable growth retardation, morphologic changes in the brain such as microcephaly, abnormal cerebellar cortical cellular patterns, and alterations in the cell architecture of the hippocampus; diminished attainment of selected reflexes; alterations in the appearance of selected ...
Approximating probabilistic inference in Bayesian belief networks is NP-hard

Abstract It is known that exact computation of conditional probabilities in belief networks is NP -hard. Many investigators in the AI community have tacitly assumed that algorithms for performing approximate inference with belief networks are of polynomial complexity. Indeed, special cases of approximate inference can be performed in time polynomial in the input size. However, we have discovered that the general problem of approximating conditional probabilities with belief networks, like exact inference, resides in the NP -hard complexity class. We develop a complexity analysis to elucidate the difficulty of approximate probabilistic inference. More specifically, we show that the existence of a polynomial-time relative approximation algorithm for major classes of problem instances implies that NP ⊆ P. We present our proof and explore the implications of the result.
Toward Improving Treatment Adherence among Adolescent Suicide Attempters

Adolescent suicide attempts are increasing. However, therapy is often not received following the attempt, and psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial problems and suicidality usually persist. Interventions in the emergency room are proposed as a means of enhancing treatment adherence among adolescent suicide attempters and their families. Pediatric physicians, psychiatric residents, psychiatric child fellows, nurses, security personnel and admitting clerks, can be retrained to increase treatment adherence by improving interactions between emergency-room staff and the families, changing the families' expectations regarding therapy and establishing a contract for short-term treatment with the attempters and their families.
Nuclear resonance studies of antiferromagnetic LiCuCl3.2H2O

Abstract The 7Li and proton nuclear magnetic resonance in Li Cu Cl3.2H2O shows this compound to be antiferromagnetic with a Neel temperature of 4.46 ± 0.02°K. The local fields at the Li and proton sites combined with the quadrupole splitting of the Li resonance and the dipole-dipole splitting of the proton resonance indicate that the magnetic symmetry group of this crystal must be one of three possible types.
Bounds for indecomposable torsion-free modules

Let M be a finitely generated torsion-free module over a one-dimensional reduced Noetherian ring R with finitely generated normalization. The rank of M is the tuple of vector-space dimensions of MP over each field RP (R localized at P), where P ranges over the minimal prime ideals of R. We assume that there exists a bound NR on the ranks of all indecomposable finitely generated torsion-free R-modules. For such rings, what bounds and ranks occur? Partial answers to this question have been given by a plethora of authors over the past forty years. In this article we provide a final answer by giving a concise list of the ranks of indecomposable modules for R a local ring with no condition on the characteristic. We conclude that if the rank of an indecomposable module M is (r,r,…,r), then r∈{1,2,3,4,6}, even when R is not local.
A note on transitive permutation groups of prime degree

LetG be a nonsolvable transitive permutation group of prime degreep. LetP be a Sylow-p-subgroup ofG and letq be a generator of the subgroup ofNG(P) fixing one point. Assume that |NG(P)|=p(p−1) and that there exists an elementj inG such thatj−1qj=q(p+1)/2. We shall prove that a group that satisfies the above condition must be the symmetric group onp points, andp is of the form 4n+1.
Old-Time Teaching in the 21st Century.

Abstract This is the story of three professors who found collective success in certain old-time approaches to teaching. Using three different first-person perspectives from Professors Burg, Piedmont, and Kamke, we examine some of the key components of such teaching orientation that may be helpful for professors navigating increased enrollments, while trying to engage students to learn not only the subject matter, but also, perhaps more importantly, about themselves as human beings. The relevance of this classic approach is reflected in the fact that all of us, typically unawares, continue to apply, and expand on, the way of education to which we were introduced a long time ago. In essence, that old-time teaching showed us how to be, in the words of Angyal, simultaneously autonomous (i.e., being oneself, standing alone) and homonomous (belonging/surrendering to something greater than oneself).
Six weeks of voluntary wheel running modulates inflammatory protein (MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10) and DAMP (Hsp72) responses to acute stress in white adipose tissue of lean rats.

To prime local tissues for dealing with potential infection or injury, exposure to an acute, intense stressor evokes increases in circulating and local tissue inflammatory proteins. Regular physical activity facilitates stress-evoked innate reactivity and modulates the expression of inflammatory proteins in immuno-metabolic tissues such as white adipose tissue (WAT). The impact of regular physical activity on stress-evoked inflammatory protein expression in WAT, however, remains unclear. To investigate this question, lean male F344 rats (150–175 g) were allowed voluntary access to a running wheel for 6 weeks followed by exposure to an acute stressor (100, 1.5 mA-5 s inescapable tail shocks). Using ELISAs, corticosterone, heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were measured in plasma and subcutaneous, intraperitoneal (epididymal and retroperitoneal WAT depots) and visceral (omental and mesenteric WAT depots) WAT compartments. Acute stress increased plasma concentrations of all proteins except TNF-α and, depending upon the compartment examined, WAT concentrations of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Exercise ubiquitously increased IL-1β within WAT, potentiated stress-evoked Hsp72 in plasma and WAT, and differentially increased stress-evoked MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10 within WAT. These data suggest: (a) inflammatory proteins in non-obese WAT may serve compartment-specific immune and metabolic roles important to the acute stress response and; (b) voluntary habitual exercise may optimize stress-induced augmentation of innate immune function through increases in stress-evoked Hsp72, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10 and decreases in IL-1β/IL10 and TNF-α/IL10 ratios within white adipose tissue.
ESR studies on membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary cells grown on microcarriers and in suspension

Abstract Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin label methods were used to study membrane fluidity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells grown on microcarriers and in suspension using 5-doxylstearic acid spin label as a probe. CHO cells grown on microcarriers had a more rigid cell membrane compared to CHO cells grown in suspension culture. CHO cells removed from the surface of the microcarriers by either trypsinization, EDTA treatment or osmotic shock had a membrane fluidity similar to that of CHO cells grown in suspension culture. Conversely, when the cells grown in suspension culture were attached and flattened on the surface of the microcarriers the fluidity decreased. Moreover, membrane fluidity of CHO cells grown on microcarriers changed as a function of the population density, whereas that of the cells in suspension did not. This implies that cell adhesion and/or cell-cell interactions influence the fluidity of the cell surface membrane.