cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancing Engaged Scholarship in the Media Field

Policy makers, industry leaders, and concerned citizens alike all face vexing questions about the changing nature of emerging technology and its impact on journalism, media and society. Research on this topic has never been more critical in the U.S. and around the world. The need is especially acute for engaged scholarship in this domain. By bringing their research into the broader public arena, engaged media scholars can contribute to policy debates, shape industry practices and policies, and enrich public understanding.
Unusual presentation of parasitic leiomyoma; a tale of twists and turns.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign pelvic tumor of the myometrium, as the prevalence could be as high as 70%. Major risk factors include age between 40–60 years and African descent. It usu...
The Internet of Things (IoT) Promises New Benefits And Risks: A Systematic Analysis of Adoption Dynamics of IoT Products

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to translate our physical world into digital signals, ripe for the improvements promised by faster communication and better analytics. One of the greatest obstacles to broad adoption of IoT is the introduction of cyber risk – real and perceived – to buyers. We aimed to understand the mechanisms by which cybersecurity influences IoT adoption, using system dynamics to develop these mechanisms into a qualitative causal loop diagram. We conducted a case study of commercial building applications of a connected lighting product. Our analyses revealed that potential customers decide to adopt IoT technologies based on their perception of risk-reward ratio. Internet of Things producers need to improve that ratio by developing clear, measureable product benefits in tandem with customer support models that address cyber risk. They should create cybersecurity capabilities at the beginning of their market growth, from identifying and addressing cyber risk in product design to detailed cyber-incident response plans with clear action items and owners. Furthermore, IoT start-ups are particularly vulnerable to the tradeoffs between immediate revenue through accelerated market adoption and risked future revenue from security vulnerabilities. The common rush to build IoT products before securing them will make them potentially vulnerable to cyber-incidents.
Impact of Age of Packed RBC Transfusion on Oxygenation in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of age of packed RBCs on tissue oxygenation in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. DESIGN A retrospective study was done between March 2013 and August 2015. The following biomarkers were examined 6 hours before and 6 hours after the conclusion of a transfusion: serum and circuit hematocrits, serum and circuit venous saturations, serum lactate levels (mg/dL), and cerebral saturation via near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomarkers were examined with respect to time relative to transfusion using four discrete categories ( 3 hr). The association between age of blood transfusion and change in biomarkers was accessed analyzing time relative to transfusion as described above. In addition, the age of blood transfusion was analyzed similarly, using four discrete categories (0-7, 7-14, 14-21, and > 21 d). SETTING Twenty-four bed mixed pediatric medical and cardiac ICU at a tertiary care center. SUBJECTS Zero- to 18-year-old patients of required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Circuit venous saturation demonstrated an increase of 2.5% (p < 0.001) in first 3 hours posttransfusion. This was followed by a 1.4% decrease after the initial 3 hours posttransfusion. Serum venous saturation showed no statistically significant change with relation to transfusions. Neither lactate levels nor near-infrared spectroscopy demonstrated any observed statistical change with relation to transfusion. With regards to the relationship between the age of RBC transfusion and tissue oxygenation biomarkers, none of the biomarkers exhibited a consistent interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the age of packed RBC transfusion does not affect the degree tissue oxygenation in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, as measured by mixed venous oxygen saturation, lactate, and near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, packed RBC transfusion, in general, did not produce any meaningful change in these markers of tissue oxygenation.
Taqwā or Reflective Conscience in the Qur’ān and Some Additional Epistemic Virtues

This chapter carries out an analysis of the Qur’ānic verses that pertain to the concept of taqwā in order to understand the Qur’ānic conception of virtue. It is argued that taqwā appears to be a comprehensive reflective and motivational conscience comparable to similar concepts in Kant and Butler. However, taqwā covers both the moral and epistemic spheres of human life and is constitutive of virtue in general. The chapter discusses the ways taqwā, as a stable acquired disposition for virtue built upon our natural capacity to distinguish right from wrong, is related to specific intellectual virtues that flow from it. Taqwā as the general disposition for virtue functions as a pivot for all specific epistemic and moral virtues. After identifying the basic features of taqwā, the chapter examines additional verses of the Qur’ān to highlight some additional intellectual virtues. The chapter closes by noting the concept of virtue and an overall list of intellectual virtues.
A Scoping Review on Integrating Inorganic Nanomaterials into Cement Composites

Today, nanomaterials have gained tremendous attention in various engineering fields. The prominent physicochemical properties of nanomaterials have made them promising and interesting options for application in construction and building materials. These applications range from structural reinforcement for development of cement composites with outstanding and multifunctional characteristics to production of self-compacting and self-cleaning materials. The incorporation of nanomaterials in cement composites leads to the enhancement of their physicomechanical properties and the induction of superior durability performance. The addition of nanomaterials diminish the formation of micropores by acting as a filling agent, generating a very compact and uniform matrix and automatically decreasing the growth of micropores in the matrix. Moreover, nanomaterials have great potential in diminishing the transport properties. It will also be demonstrated in this article that the strength gain of cement composites is directly associated with the packing and nucleation effect of nanomaterials. Within the scope of the current comprehensive review, general information and definitions of cement composites and nanotechnology are first elucidated. Then, the nanosized additives that greatly improve the characteristics of cement composites, such as nanosilica, nanoalumina, nano–titanium dioxide, nano–iron oxides, nano–zinc oxides, nano–magnesium oxide, and nano–copper oxide are discussed. Furthermore, the most important challenges and problems in the use of nanomaterials in cement composites are presented. The time scope placed on the review is from 2010 to early 2019.
Beyond the Pixel: Using Patterns and Multiscale Spatial Information to Improve the Retrieval of Precipitation from Spaceborne Passive Microwave Imagers

AbstractThe quantitative estimation of precipitation from orbiting passive microwave imagers has been performed for more than 30 years. The development of retrieval methods consists of establishing...
Capturing student conceptions of thermodynamics and kinetics using writing

Thermodynamics and kinetics are key topics in the chemistry curriculum that pose challenges to students across a range of educational levels. These struggles arise from the complexity and mixed representations inherent to the topics. Additionally, while thermodynamics and kinetics are related, students struggle to make conceptually correct connections, sometimes seeing them as two separate topics with no relation and other times conflating their meanings and explanatory powers. Herein we captured student conceptions about thermodynamics and kinetics through a Writing-to-Learn activity that utilized peer review and revision to engage students with the concepts by applying them to a real-world context. This study identified whether students focused on the concepts targeted by the assignment and characterized the chemistry content of the peer review feedback. Students’ descriptions of thermodynamics and kinetics content, as well as the relationship between the two and how they connect to the application given in the assignment, improved during the process and suggests that peer review and revision played an important role in supporting students to describe these concepts. When guided by a content-focused peer review rubric, students provided constructive chemistry content-directed feedback. Specifically, analysis of student writing and comments demonstrated the potential of the assignment to engage students in building connections between complexly related topics, including distinguishing between sponteneity and rate and appropriately relating activation energy and rate. Findings from this study suggest that writing can be used to elicit student-specific conceptions of physical chemistry topics and develop students’ explanatory skills of chemistry content even without direct instructor feedback.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market conditions in Nevada: A preliminary assessment

Abstract This study provides a preliminary assessment of the impact of the pandemic on labor market conditions in Nevada The analysis applies a locally weighted regression method (Lowess curve fitting) to time-series data on weekly initial and continuing unemployment claims Other measures of labor market outcomes are also included in the analysis The findings suggest that while baseline conditions were relatively stable, the pandemic has generated an increase in unemployment in Nevada, and a steep rise in the number of unemployed workers covered by unemployment insurance However, the largest growth in initial weekly unemployment claims may have already occurred In addition, given the weight of leisure and hospitality in overall nonfarm employment, workers in that sector have been at elevated risk for unemployment It is also possible that Latino and Asian workers will experience higher levels of unemployment Finally, the study suggests that a history of inadequate financing has undermined the administrative capacity of the state's unemployment agency, with attendant consequences for its ability to process new claims Likewise, the volume of continuing claims raises questions about the financial solvency of Nevada's unemployment insurance trust fund
Kinematic MRI of ischiofemoral impingement

To examine the effect of external hip rotation on ischiofemoral (IF) and quadratus femoris (QF) spaces using real-time kinematic MRI, with the hypothesis that hips with IF and QF space narrowing have distinct motion patterns compared with control hips. This prospective study was IRB-approved and complied with HIPAA guidelines. We recruited women (≥ 18 years) with and without ischiofemoral impingement to undergo kinematic MRI of the hips. A kinematic imaging protocol using T2-HASTE was performed beginning at maximal internal rotation followed by active external hip rotation. The duration of each acquisition was 30 s, providing 8 images/3 s. IF and QF spaces, and femoral metaphyseal and lesser trochanter centroid coordinates were measured on sequential images. Hips were classified as controls or narrowed based on IF and QF space thresholds and compared statistically throughout motion stages. The cohort comprised 12 women (24 hips; 10 control and 14 narrowed hips) aged 58 ± 10 years. External rotation caused IF space reduction of 59% in narrowed hips versus 41% in control hips. QF space decreased 71% in narrowed hips versus 50% in control hips. IF and QF spaces differed significantly between groups only when external rotation exceeded the neutral position (P < 0.02 for both). The lesser trochanter terminated more posteriorly in narrowed hips compared with controls (P = 0.03). Kinematic MRI during external hip rotation in women with narrowed and control hips reveals dynamic differences in IF and QF spaces and lesser trochanter terminal position.
High-Frequency Power Electronics at the Grid Edge: A Bottom-Up Approach Toward the Smart Grid

Currently, Solar Energy Systems are supplying 2% of U.S. electricity generation and their use is rapidly growing. Data centers make up 2% of the U.S. total energy consumption. By 2030, 40% of the overall worldwide energy consumption is expected to be in the form of electricity. The future development of transportation electrification and smart grids requires grid-scale energy storage. These emerging and high-impact applications locate in the distribution grid. They represent exciting opportunities in developing fundamentally new principles for high-performance power electronics that are smaller, smarter, more efficient, and capable of performing new functions (Figure 1).
Elliptic Flow from Au+Au Collisions at SNN = 200 GeV

This paper presents results of elliptic flow measurements at moderate high transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions using the STAR detector at RHIC. Sizable v2 is found up to 7 GeV/c in transverse momentum. Non‐flow effects are discussed comparing correlations in p+p collisions and Au+Au collisions. v2 from two‐, four‐ and six‐particle cumulant are shown and discussed.
Patients with Left Ventricular Thrombus Despite Normal Systolic Function

The formation of a thrombus in the left ventricle (LV) in patients with normal systolic function is very rare. We report a case and identified 31 other adult patients who had an LV thrombus with normal LV systolic function. The median (IQR) age of these patients was 43 [37,59] years with a slight male predominance (59%). The vast majority of patients presented with embolic complications (28; 88%) with 3 of the other patients presenting with a febrile illness. Most of the cases occurred in the setting of an identifiable medical condition that carries an increased risk of thrombosis including inflammatory diseases, malignancies or hypereosinophilia. Treatment generally included anticoagulation with or without surgical removal or systemic thrombolysis. Recurrence of LV thrombus and/or embolic events have been reported in patients with LV thrombus and normal LV systolic function suggesting that long term anticoagulation may be needed.
Heart Failure Associated with Death Among Pediatric Patients Admitted With Existing Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Background: There are no data regarding the incidence of death or factors associated with death among pediatric patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Out-of-hospital deaths are not tracked, however the nationally-representative Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) may provide some insights. We hypothesized that death among patients with existing ICDs was most likely related to the presence of heart failure (HF) or cardiomyopathy rather than the underlying diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), primary arrhythmia, in-hospital procedures or ICD complications during the admission. Methods: KID was used to identify all hospitalizations of patients …
Interviews During the Pandemic: A Thoracic Education Cooperative Group and Surgery Residents Project.

Abstract Background The 2020 interview cycle for cardiothoracic fellowships was affected by the coronavirus-19 pandemic. Many programs shifted from in-person to virtual interviews. We evaluated applicant perceptions of the various formats. Methods All 2019-2020 cardiothoracic fellowship applicants received an electronic survey after completion of the match process. The survey assessed number of in-person/virtual interviews completed, perception of efficacy, and likelihood of ranking a program based on format, and strengths/inadequacies of virtual interviews. Results Response rate was 36% (48 of 133). Seventy-three percent of respondents (35 of 48) interviewed with more than 10 programs. Fifty-two percent of respondents (25 of 48) were able to schedule additional interviews once virtual formats were available. A slight majority (56%, 27 of 48) ranked a program at which they had an in-person interview as their first choice. Interviewing at more than 10 programs was associated with an increased likelihood of successfully matching at a program (P = .02). Overwhelmingly, respondents favored an in-person component to the interview process (96%, 46 of 48). Few respondents (29%, 14 of 48) thought they could adequately evaluate a program virtually. The factors that had the highest percentages of adequate portrayal during virtual interviews were the didactic schedule/curriculum (81%, 39 of 48) and case number/autonomy (58%, 28 of 48). The factors with the lowest percentages were culture/personality (19%, 9 of 48) and city/lifestyle (15%, 7 of 48). Conclusions Applicants strongly favored an in-person component to interviews, highlighting potential deficiencies in the virtual interview process. Programs should consider the addition of virtual tours of their hospitals, narrations from staff, and vignettes from current fellows about lifestyle and well-being.
Peak Power Reduction for HVAC Operations in Multi-unit Commercial Buildings

The load profiles of most commercial consumers are characterized by brief periods of very high power consumption followed by intervals of relatively lower demand. In order to flatten commercial load profiles, several power utilities in addition to billing energy consumption, levy a demand charge (DC) on the monthly peak demand. In this work, we consider the problem of joint optimization of energy costs (EC) and DC incurred by a multi-unit building which follows a demand response (DR) program. Despite the non-linear structure of the problem, we show how the optimal solutions can be obtained efficiently using linear programming. We evaluate the performance of the proposed power control scheme for various climate zones in the US. We show that depending on the ambient conditions and the prescribed tariff structure, our strategy can result in savings of up to nearly 19% compared to the baseline.
The Nuclear Pore Complex as a Transcription Regulator

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a highly conserved channel in the nuclear envelope that mediates mRNA export to the cytosol and bidirectional protein transport. Many chromosomal loci physically interact with nuclear pore proteins (Nups), and interactions with Nups can promote transcriptional repression, transcriptional activation, and transcriptional poising. Interaction with the NPC also affects the spatial arrangement of genes, interchromosomal clustering, and folding of topologically associated domains. Thus, the NPC is a spatial organizer of the genome and regulator of genome function.
Control of natural laminar instability waves on an axisymmetric body

Abstract : An experimental investigation of the control of natural laminar instability waves on an axisymmetric body was conducted in the NOSC high speed water tunnel. The body was a 9:1 ellipsoid of revolution, 50mm in diameter at the midsection. Control perturbations were introduced into the boundary layer through a suction/blowing slot of 0.075mm width at 130mm from the nose. Hot film sensors before and after the slot were used to measure the passage and attenuation of the instability waves. A very simple invert and delay control loop was used to control a speaker embedded in the suction/blowing slot. At a freestream velocity of 8.67m/sec, and approximately 50 percent reduction in the RMS fluctuations of the instability waves was achieved after control. At this velocity the frequency of the instability waves was about 1kHz. The experimental run conditions corresponded to Reynolds numbers, at the slot location, of 1.24 million and 1520 based on axial location and boundary layer displacement thickness respectively. Torpedo systems, Subsystems, Components, Propellers.
Experimental calibration of the reduced partition function ratios of tetrahedrally coordinated silicon from the Debye–Waller factors

We present a new force constants approach that combines experimental and theoretical data to constrain the reduced partition function ratio ( $$\beta$$ -factor) of tetrahedrally coordinated silicon ( $$^{IV}$$ Si) in the crust and upper mantle minerals. Our approach extends the experiment-based general moment approach, which relies on nuclear resonant scattering and is only applicable to Mossbauer-active elements, to Mossbauer-inactive elements such as Si. We determine the resilience of $$^{IV}$$ Si from the Debye–Waller factor, which is derived from the temperature dependence of single crystal X-ray diffraction data, and calculate the stiffness of $$^{IV}$$ Si from the density-functional theory results. The relationship between the resilience the stiffness is calibrated, and we have used an experimentally measurable parameter, the effective coordination number of the $$\hbox {SiO}_4$$ tetrahedron, to correct the stiffness. The correction is most pronounced for pyroxenes ( $$\sim 2\%$$ ). The corrected stiffness is used to calculate the equilibrium isotope fractionation $$\beta$$ -factor of each mineral, and the $$\alpha$$ -factors is calculated by taking the ratio of $$\beta$$ -factors of different minerals. We calculate the ln $$\alpha _{Si30/28}$$ between minerals that contains $$\hbox {SiO}_4$$ tetrahedra, and our results are consistent with DFT calculations and mass spectrometry results. Our results suggest that the Si isotopic equilibrium temperature between cristobalite and pyroxene in lunar basalt was underestimated by $$\sim$$ 250 $$^\circ$$ C, and the pyroxene sample in IL-14 marble is in equilibrium with $$\beta$$ -quartz.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag-pol frameshifting is dependent on downstream mRNA secondary structure: demonstration by expression in vivo.

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-Pol fusion polyprotein is produced via ribosomal frameshifting. Previous studies in vitro and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have argued against a significant role for RNA secondary structure 3' of the shift site, in contrast with other systems, in which such structure has been shown to be required. Here we show, by expressing the HIV-1 gag-pol domain in cultured vertebrate cells, that a stem-loop structure 3' of the HIV-1 shift site is indeed important for wild-type levels of frameshifting in vivo.
Urbanized Society Needs Met by Rural People

There are no viable social structures in urbanized society that prevent urban people from providing their own needs in terms of food, fiber and recreation. Therefore, rural people will have to make a concerted effort if they are to fulfill any of the future needs of an urbanized society. In the social institutional organization of urbanized society, food and fiber production are primarily integrated parts of general economic production of goods and services. In the United States, unlike many areas of the world, a major social equilibrium problem is over production of food and fiber. People and land are moved out of this area of economic activity. The affluent resources of the society are increasingly transferred to other social institutional areas.
Properties of the Relaxation Complexes of Supercoiled Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Protein of the R Plasmids R64, R28K, and R6K

The presence of supercoiled deoxyribonucleic acid in the form of a relaxation complex is described for the antibiotic resistance plasmids R64, R28K, and R6K. The properties of these relaxation complexes indicate that they consist of a covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid molecule associated with an activable, single strand-specific endonuclease.
Quantitative methods of evaluating image segmentation

Two sets of measures are proposed in this paper for quantitatively evaluating segmentation results. The first set is designed for the situation where ground truth is available; while the second for the situation where ground truth is not available. Based on a test bank of more than 50 images for which ground truth is available, we computed both sets of evaluation measures and then correlated the two sets. Experimental results show that the first set of measures proposed agree with human (subjective) visual evaluation and the second set of measures correlates well with the first set, an indication of the usefulness of this set of measures in assessing the quality of image segmentation results even when ground truth is not available.
A global perspective on belowground carbon dynamics under nitrogen enrichment

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 819–828 Abstract Nitrogen (N) effects on ecosystem carbon (C) budgets are critical to understand as C sequestration is considered as a mechanism to offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Interactions between aboveground C and N cycling are more clearly characterized than belowground processes. Through synthesizing data from multiple terrestrial ecosystems, we quantified the responses of belowground C cycling under N addition. We found that N addition increased litter input from aboveground (+20%) but not from fine root. N addition inhibited microbial activity as indicated by a reduction in microbial respiration (−8%) and microbial biomass carbon (−20%). Although soil respiration was not altered by N addition, dissolved organic carbon concentration was increased by 18%, suggesting C leaching loss may increase. N addition increased the C content of the organic layer (+17%) but not the mineral soil layer. Overall, our meta-analysis indicates that N addition will increase short term belowground C storage by increasing C content of organic layer. However, it is difficult to predict the response of long term C sequestration since there is no significant change in mineral soil C content.
Cell distribution during mouse secondary palate closure. II. Mesenchymal cells.

The patterns of distribution of both total mesenchymal cells and the ratios of [ 3 H]thymidinelabelled to total cells were mapped during secondary palatal shelf reorientation in vivo and in vitro . Smoothed spatial averaging, a computer-assisted method which takes into account the positions of all cells across an entire histological section of the shelf, was employed. Changes in shelf cross-sectional area and cell size were also measured. Three shelf regions, anterior and posterior presumptive hard and presumptive soft palate, were studied at developmental stages which were 30, 24 and 18 h prior to expected in vivo elevation, after in vivo reorientation and during the course of in vitro reorientation. Region-specific patterns of cell distribution change with shelf reorientation. These changes were observable within 6 h. Increases in cell number by cell division may enhance some high local cell densities, but cannot account for decreases in cell density. Increase in cell size is not a factor in decreasing cell density, nor is cell death. Displacement of cells by expansion of the extracellular matrix may be involved.
Production of Hemolysin and Bacteriolysin in a Synthetic Medium by Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes.

A synthetic medium has been developed in which Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes X-14 elaborates a lysin. The medium consists of 18 amino acids, lactose, six vitamins, adenine, guanine, uracil, and six salts. Glucose, and K2HPO4 in excess of 0.5% (wt/vol), were inhibitory to lysin production; increasing concentrations of l-arginine-hydrochloride gave increasing yields of lytic activity.
Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency; Finding a Moral Heart for U.S. Immigration Policy: An Anthropological Perspective

Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency. Susan Bibler Coutin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. ix + 228 pp., notes, references, index. Finding a Moral Heart for U.S. Immigration Policy: An Anthropological Perspective. JosiahMcC. Heyman. Arlington, VA: American Anthropoiogical Association, 1998 iv + 120 pp., references cited.
Hemoglobin DLos Angeles : α2Aβ2121GluNH2

Abstract A sample of hemoglobin DLos Angeles as found to differ from hemoglobin A in the substitution of a glutaminyl residue for a glutamyl residue at position 121 of the β chain. Further investigation has disclosed no other differences between hemoglobin A and hemoglobin DLos Angeles. Hemoglobin S is also present in this white family in which hemoglobin DLos Angeles is found and has the usual aberration of hemoglobin S.
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the colon responsive to combination chemotherapy: report of two cases and review of the literature

PURPOSE: The majority of colorectal neoplasms diagnosed are adenocarcinomas. Other histologies such as squamous, adenosquamous, carcinoid tumors, or lymphoid tumors are occasionally identified. Given the rarity of squamous-cell tumors, it is very difficult to study their natural course and response to therapy. An attempt is made to describe the frequency, anatomic location, and response to therapy with a review of the literature. METHODS: From the Cancer Registry at the University of Missouri-Columbia Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, tumors of the colon identified above the dentate line were selected for chart review. Data were extracted from cases between the years 1940 and 1996. The key terms used to identify cases were epidermoid, squamous cell, and cancer of the rectum or colon. Using this approach, forty patients were identified and each record was reviewed. RESULTS: The majority of these cases were anal cancers with proximal extension into the rectum and were excluded. Of 4,561 cases of epithelial colon and rectal cancers identified, only one additional case of squamouscell cancer could be verified. In this report we describe a patient with a primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon with metastatic disease to the liver at diagnosis who responded to systemic chemotherapy. We believe this to be the first reported case of this rare tumor type in which the patient's tumor responded to systemic chemotherapy. Two cases with a thorough review of literature are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the colon is a rare malignancy of unknown cause and pathogenesis. Metastatic tumors to the colon should be ruled out in all cases before therapy. Early detection and surgery remain the main therapeutic options, but as presented in our case, response to chemotherapy in advanced disease is encouraging.
Rebel music: race, empire, and the new Muslim youth culture

Given recent concerns expressed by European and North American leaders about the appeal of global Islamist or jihadist movements to Muslim and Arab youth in Europe and the USA, a sensible, theoreti...
Calmodulin regulation of Ca2+ entry in Jurkat T cells

Abstract We have previously proposed a role for calmodulin (CaM) in the regulation of initiation of Ca 2+ entry in Jurkat T cells, as well as in the regulation of the current that mediates Ca 2+ entry, I T . In this report, we provide evidence for the mechanism of CaM action. We have previously shown that activation-induced Ca 2+ entry into Jurkat T cells is mediated by a current we have called I T . In the whole cell variation, but not the perforated patch variation, of the patch clamp technique, this current is short-lived (under 6 min) suggesting that the current is under the control of a diffusible component of the cytosol. Addition of CaM to the whole cell recording pipette solution maintained I T for up to 20 min, suggesting that CaM may be this diffusible component. Pharmacological inhibitors of CaM blocked the augmentation of I T normally induced by an activating stimulus. Cells electroporated in the presence of anti-CaM antibodies had reduced influx of extracellular Ca 2+ , with no change in release of Ca 2+ from the internal stores. These observations suggest that T cell receptor engagement initiates Ca 2+ influx by a pathway that likely includes CaM, which may in turn regulate I T . Influx of extracellular Ca 2+ is required for cellular proliferation, and inhibition of CaM by pharmacological inhibitors reduced cellular proliferation. This same inhibition of proliferation was seen in cells electroporated with anti-CaM antibodies. This suggests that inhibition of CaM and/or I T may be a target for therapeutic inhibition of inappropriate T cell proliferation.
A novel role in cytokinesis reveals a housekeeping function for the unfolded protein response

The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway helps cells cope with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating genes that increase the ER's functional capabilities. We have identified a novel role for the UPR pathway in facilitating budding yeast cytokinesis. Although other cell cycle events are unaffected by conditions that disrupt ER function, cytokinesis is sensitive to these conditions. Moreover, efficient cytokinesis requires the UPR pathway even during unstressed growth conditions. UPR-deficient cells are defective in cytokinesis, and cytokinesis mutants activate the UPR. The UPR likely achieves its role in cytokinesis by sensing small changes in ER load and making according changes in ER capacity. We propose that cytokinesis is one of many cellular events that require a subtle increase in ER function and that the UPR pathway has a previously uncharacterized housekeeping role in maintaining ER plasticity during normal cell growth.
The method of mIxed monotony and first order differential systems

On considere des problemes aux valeurs initiales et aux valeurs limites periodiques pour des equations differentielles d'ordre 1. On developpe la methode de monotonie mixte pour etudier la construction de suites monotones qui converge vers la solution unique
Withdrawal of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone: a possible trigger for preterm labor?

TOTHEEDITORS:IreadwithinterestthearticlebyRebarber et al 1 concerning the early cessation of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) and its association with preterm delivery. In their observational study of a cohort of women receiving17Pforahistoryofapriorpretermdelivery,theauthors found that elective cessation of the medication prior to 32 weeks of gestation resulted in an increase risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Thus, they imply that the medication was necessary in this population for the subjects to be able to reduce their risk of preterm delivery. In fact, an alternative explanation may be that the medication is of no benefit but that the sudden withdrawal of 17P may be involved in triggering spontaneous preterm labor. Thus, whereas the data of this study may support continuation of the medication until 36.9 weeks of gestation, it does not support initiating the medication to begin with. This observational finding may be particularly relevant,
Phase equilibria of saturated and unsaturated polyisoprene in sub- and supercritical ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and dimethyl ether

Abstract Cloud-point pressures were measured for binary sub- and supercritical fluid solutions of saturated or unsaturated polyisoprene (UPEP) in ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and dimethyl ether up to 150°C and 1,400 bar. The polyisoprene was hydrogenated to obtain two samples of different degrees of saturation (56% and 73%). These polymers and solvents were chosen to evaluate π-π interactions between polymer/polymer or polymer/solvent molecules. π-π interactions between polymer and solvent are found to shift the cloud-point pressures in an analogous way to those found for cross-associating polymers. Preliminary correlations using the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) are also included.
Tunable negative refractive index metamaterial phase shifter

A novel waveguiding ferrite phase shifter utilizing negative refractive index metamaterial is demonstrated, which is the first device application of negative refractive index metamaterial of its kind. The negative index metamaterial is positioned at middle of the waveguide along the longitude direction, which is composed by a periodic copper wire pattern sandwiched by two pieces of high quality yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films. At the high frequency side of the ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR), the YIG films provide the negative permeability while the copper wires provide the concomitant negative permittivity. The wave strongly interacts with the biased ferrite and the copper wires resulting in a large phase shift over a short distance. A phase shift tuning of 160deg/kOe is achieved at 24 GHz. The insertion loss varies from 4.4 dB to 6.3 dB for the 12 mm long sample.
Multiple effects of brood parasitism reduce the reproductive success of prothonotary warblers, Protonotaria citrea

Abstract Avian brood parasitism often has multiple negative effects on the reproductive success of the host. Most studies have focused on one or two of these effects, but rarely have they all been studied simultaneously for one species. I studied prothonotary warblers to quantify the effects of different intensities of (i.e. multiple) brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater, on the production of host and cowbird young and on the between-year returns of adult warblers. Host clutch size decreased with an increase in the number of cowbird eggs laid in nests. The hatching success of warbler and cowbird eggs decreased with increased cowbird eggs in nests, but was always higher for cowbird eggs than warbler eggs. The survival of warbler nestlings, but not cowbird nestlings, decreased with increased cowbird nestlings in the brood. An increase in the number of cowbird nestlings in broods resulted in a reduction in the average mass of warbler nestlings but not cowbird nestlings. The number of cowbird eggs or nestlings present did not affect nest predation, and the fledging of cowbirds did not influence the renesting interval of female warblers. In addition, the between-year returns of adult warblers were not negatively affected by brood parasitism. Decreased hatching success and nestling survival reduced the reproductive output of the warblers the most. These effects were substantial and appear to favour the evolution of behavioural responses that reduce the effects of brood parasitism on prothonotary warblers. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Conformationally Induced Changes in the Electronic Structures of Some Flexible Benzenes. A Molecular Orbital Model

High-resolution electronic spectroscopy experiments on several substituted benzenes in the gas phase have revealed a remarkable sensitivity of the orientation of the S 1-S0 transition moment (TM) in the molecular frame to the conformation of the attached group. Here, we explore the origins of this effect by performing ab initio calculations on five conformationally flexible benzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, 2-phenethyl alcohol, and 3-phenylpropionic acid) using the configuration interaction singles method (6-31G* basis set). Comparisons of the theoretical predictions with the experimentally determined parameters show that there are two principal sources of the observed sensitivity: a "through-bond" effect caused by rotation of the substituent about the bond connecting it to the ring, which breaks the Cs symmetry of the parent molecule, and a "through-space" effect, apparently caused by interactions of the side chain orbitals with the ﷿ orbitals of the ring. "Purely electrostatic" interactions between the ring and the tail, while significant in some cases, result in TM orientations that do not agree with experiment. All three types of interactions produce mixings of the ring ﷿* orbitals, which in turn can lead to 1 La/ 1 Lb excited electronic state mixing in the isolated molecule. Possible photochemical and photophysical consequences of this effect are discussed.
Real-time prediction of calorimeter equilibrium

Abstract Calorimetry is an accurate means for nondestructive quantitative analysis of heat-generating materials, but the time required for attainment of thermal equilibrium within the calorimeter has often limited its use in production applications. A means of predicting calorimeter equilibrium values mathematically is presented which reduces analysis times by an average of 55%, thereby enhancing the usefulness of the method. The prediction of calorimeter equilibrium makes use of the fact that the calorimeter thermal response function is dominated by a single, time-dependent exponential. Monitoring the output of the calorimeter at equally spaced time intervals allows the equilibrium value to be predicted in advance of an actual equilibrium condition with accuracy in the bounds of the 95% confidence level. A time factor improvement factor average of 2.25 over conventional calorimetry practice was realized without instrument modifications.
Neural mechanisms of pain and alcohol dependence

An association between chronic pain conditions and alcohol dependence has been revealed in numerous studies with episodes of alcohol abuse antedating chronic pain in some people and alcohol dependence emerging after the onset of chronic pain in others. Alcohol dependence and chronic pain share common neural circuits giving rise to the possibility that chronic pain states could significantly affect alcohol use patterns and that alcohol dependence could influence pain sensitivity. The reward and emotional pathways that regulate drug/alcohol addiction also mediate chronic pain. For example, pain-evoked activation of brain learning and brain reward circuitry may modulate cortical processing of pain and central sensitization mediated by mesocorticolimbic circuitry. Imbalance and reorganization of amygdala–mPFC interactions may not only be important for persistent pain, but also for disorders characterized by the abnormal persistence of emotional-affective states such as drug and alcohol addiction. Further studies are necessary to understand how these neural circuits are regulated in comorbid conditions of alcoholism and chronic pain. In addition, long term alcohol use could induce pain symptoms and may exacerbate chronic pain arising from other sources. While prior studies have established a role of neuroendocrine stress axis mediators in alcohol abuse and neurotoxic effects, these studies have not explored the distinction between the individual impact of alcohol and stress hormones. Future studies should explore the mechanisms mediating the contribution of alcohol and stress axis hormones on pain, an important question in our understanding of the neurobiology of alcohol abuse and chronic pain.
Fundamentals of thermal-fluid sciences

1 Introduction and Overview PART I Thermodynamics 2 Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics 3 Properties of Pure Substances 4 Energy Transfer by Heat, Work, and Mass 5 The First Law of Thermodynamics 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 7 Entropy 8 Power and Refrigeration Cycles PART II Fluid Mechanics 9 Gas Mixtures and Psychrometrics 10 Properties of Fluids 11 Fluid Statics 12 Momentum Analysis of Flow Structures 13 Bernoulli and Energy Equations 14 Flow in Pipes 15 Flow Over Bodies: Drag and Lift Part III Heat Transfer 16 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer 17 Steady Heat Conduction 18 Transient Heat Conduction 19 Forced Convection 20 Natural Convection 21 Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation 22 Radiation Heat Transfer 23 Heat Exchanges PART IIII Appendices Appendix 1 Property Tables and Charts (SI Units) Appendix 1 Property Tables and Charts (English Units) Appendix 3 Introduction to EES
Placenticeras: evolution of a task

Abstract We study a sequence of concrete case examples, anchored to a single image (of a fossil shell) to explore the complexity of building mathematical models in compelling realistic situations. The case examples are drawn from work with calculus undergraduates, and also dance majors from an experimental mathematics course who built evolving spiral forms in choreographic projects. The exposition is narrative, in the sense that it emphasizes, case by case, the evolution of the authors’ thinking in the course of extended conversations and collaborations with students over several years.
Cutaneous nodules of Mycobacterium chelonae in an immunosuppressed patient with preexisting pulmonary colonization

A 30-year-old immunocompromised man with known pulmonary Mycobacterium chelonae colonization developed a systemic infection with cutaneous manifestations. The eruption consisted of multiple, nontender, subcutaneous nodules on the extremities. A diagnosis of disseminated M. chelonae was made on the basis of recovery of M. chelonae subspecies abscessus from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histologic evidence of acid-fast bacilli in a skin biopsy specimen. We believe this is the first reported case of disseminated M. chelonae infection in an immunocompromised host in whom a primary source of the infection was identified.
New Compounds: Monoesters of a-Aminobenzylphosphonic Acid

The reaction of α-(N-carbobenzoxyamino)benzylphosphonic acid with n-propanol or ethanol in the presence of triethylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gave the title compounds in good yields.
Exploration for Artesian Water in the Sokoto Basin, Nigeriaa

The Sokoto basin in semiarid northwestern Nigeria contains Cretaceous and Tertiary semiconsolidated deposits that dip gently northwest off an oldland of pre-Cretaceous crystalline rocks. Until recent years the dug well has been the chief source of ground water for the Hausa cultivators and the pastoral Fulani inhabitants of the region. Borehole exploration sponsored by US AID and the Geological Survey of Nigeria with technical guidance from the writers of the U. S. Geological Survey has revealed that the basal section of the Gwandu Formation contains a productive artesian sand aquifer throughout a 5,700 square mile area. Transmissibilities of the aquifer proved to be as high as 180,000 Imperial gallons a day per foot but generally decrease towards the west. The free flow areas total about 1,000 square miles with pressure heads in boreholes up to + 83 feet above land surface and individual flows as great as 12,000 gallons per hour. Beneath the Gwandu, pressure aquifers in the Rima Group and the Gundumi Formation also produce flowing water in the lowland (fadama) of the Sokoto River. In the southern part of the basin, however, only one aquifer is present in the Cretaceous sequence, because the Gundumi aquifer is absent and the Rima aquifer apparently grades into the upper permeable section of the Illo Group. The quality of the water from all the pressure aquifers is generally quite good, although the iron content is high in places and salinity increases in the very deep aquifers. In Sokoto Province more than 2 million people and their livestock use less than 5 mgd of water drawn from dug wells and about 1 mgd from boreholes. The newly discovered flowing artesian water can do much to improve the water supplies of remote villages in the province and even supplement river irrigation during the dry season in the fertile fadama.
Commitment to a Process Innovation: Nucor, USX, and Thin-Slab Casting

This paper studies the order of adoption of a process innovation, thin-slab casting, by U.S. steel makers. A game-theoretic model of technology adoption with capacity constraints indicates that incumbents are likely to trail entrants in adopting process technologies that reduce the minimal scale required to compete. Evidence from the case study also indicates, however, that the sorts of interactive effects emphasized by game-theoretic models may be dominated by the effects of competitors' heterogeneous precommitments.
Perturbation results for nearly uncoupled Markov chains with applications to iterative methods

The standard perturbation theory for linear equations states that nearly uncoupled Markov chains (NUMCs) are very sensitive to small changes in the elements. Indeed, some algorithms, such as standard Gaussian elimination, will obtain poor results for such problems. A structured perturbation theory is given that shows that NUMCs usually lead to well conditioned problems. It is shown that with appropriate stopping, criteria, iterative aggregation/disaggregation algorithms will achieve these structured error bounds. A variant of Gaussian elimination due to Grassman, Taksar and Heyman was recently shown by O'Cinneide to achieve such bounds.