cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relational artifacts with children and elders: the complexities of cybercompanionship

In several studies over 5 years, our interdisciplinary research team introduced My Real Babies, Aibos and Paros into two nursing homes and into the school and home life of children.† By referring to these sociable robots as relational artifacts, we draw on the psychoanalytic tradition, which emphasizes the human meaning of the person–artifact connection. We report on the relationships children and seniors formed with the robots, focusing on: (1) how they talk about the robots in relation to themselves and others; and (2) how their ideas about the robots and interactions with them reflect other feelings. In doing so, we distinguish ‘robot as Rorschach’, which refers to how relationships with robots express other things about a person's life, and ‘robot as evocative object’, which refers to how robots provoke reflection on such issues as what is aliveness, what is special about being a person, and what is the role of thought and feeling in defining human uniqueness. In case studies we report on individual d...
Fifty Percent Tissue Culture Infective Dose Assay for Determining the Titer of Infectious Human Herpesvirus 8

We have developed a human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) assay using the T1H6-DC-SIGN cell line. Infection of T1H6-DC-SIGN cells with HHV-8 induces expression of β-galactosidase, which was used to determine TCID50 levels. Validation of TCID50 values was performed by immunofluorescence assay of HHV-8 infection of immature dendritic cells at various TCID50 doses.
Removal of retained intracoronary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty equipment by a percutaneous twin guidewire method.

Balloon rupture during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) resulted in embolization of a guidewire-balloon fragment into the distal circumflex artery. Access to the circumflex was technically difficult because of aortic root dilation. The fragment was removed by inserting two PTCA guidewires into the artery and twisting them together to produce a helix. The helix propagated distally, entrapping the embolized fragment for removal. This report describes an unusual mode of failure for a balloon-ona- wire dilating catheter and a new percutaneous removal technique that may be applied to retained catheter debris in small, inaccessible vessels.
Geometry and kinematics of adhesive wear in brittle strike-slip fault zones

Abstract Detailed outcrop surface mapping in Late Paleozoic cataclastic strike-slip faults of coastal Maine shows that asymmetric sidewall ripouts, 0.1–200 m in length, are a significant component of many mapped faults and an important wall rock deformation mechanism during faulting. The geometry of these structures ranges from simple lenses to elongate slabs cut out of the sidewalls of strike-slip faults by a lateral jump of the active zone of slip during adhesion along a section of the main fault. The new irregular trace of the active fault after this jump creates an indenting asperity that is forced to plow through the adjoining wall rock during continued adhesion or be cut off by renewed motion along the main section of the fault. Ripout translation during adhesion sets up the structural asymmetry with trailing extensional and leading contractional ends to the ripout block. The inactive section of the main fault trace at the trailing end can develop a ‘sag’ or ‘half-graben’ type geometry due to block movement along the scallop-shaped connecting ramp to the flanking ripout fault. Leading contractional ramps can develop ‘thrust’ type imbrication and forces the ‘humpback’ geometry to the ripout slab due to distortion of the inactive main fault surface by ripout translation. Similar asymmetric ripout geometries are recognized in many other major crustal scale strike-slip fault zones worldwide. Ripout structures in the 5–500 km length range can be found on the Atacama fault system of northern Chile, the Qujiang and Xiaojiang fault zones in western China, the Yalakom–Hozameen fault zone in British Columbia and the San Andreas fault system in southern California. For active crustal-scale faults the surface expression of ripout translation includes a coupled system of extensional trailing ramps as normal oblique-slip faults with pull-apart basin sedimentation and contractional leading ramps as oblique thrust or high angle reverse faults with associated uplift and erosion. The sidewall ripout model, as a mechanism for adhesive wear during fault zone deformation, can be useful in studies of fault zone geometry, kinematics and evolution from outcrop- to crustal-scales.
Ecosystem management: what is it really?

Abstract Ecosystem management is managing areas at various scales in such a way that ecological services and biological resources are conserved while appropriate human uses are sustained. Major ecological services include allocation of productivity (energy flow), maintenance of soil fertility (nutrient cycling), and operation of the hydrologic cycle. Biological resources encompass all natural variation found in genes, species, and communities along with the processes that maintain this variation. The appropriateness and sustainability of human uses are dictated by the constraints imposed by the biological and physical environment and by legal mandates for land use. There are seven critical steps in ecosystem management. These are: (1) delineate (define) the ecosystem to be managed; (2) define strategic management goals; (3) develop a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem; (4) obtain socioeconomic data; (5) link the socioeconomic and ecological data in an appropriate model; (6) implement experimental management actions; and (7) monitor management results to determine long-term success or failure. The significance of ecosystem management is that it focuses on ecological systems as a whole rather than on just some of their parts, includes public involvement in the goal-setting process, integrates conservation into economic activity, and represents a paradigm shift from `linear comprehensive' management to `cyclic-incremental' or `adaptive' management.
Safety and durability of redo carotid endarterectomy for recurrent carotid artery stenosis

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent redo carotid endarterectomies during a 5-year period. Patients were followed by duplex ultrasound to assess late patency of the carotid artery. Reoperations for recurrent carotid stenosis were performed in 46 of 973 patients who had carotid endarterectomies (5%). Indications for surgery were hemispheric transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in 33 (72%) and asymptomatic greater than 80% stenosis in 13 (28%). Pathologic findings revealed that the cause of recurrence was myointimal hyperplasia in 11 patients (24%), with a mean recurrence interval of 12.8 postoperative months, and atherosclerosis in 35 (76%), with a mean recurrence interval of 84 postoperative months ( P = 0.0002). Redo endarterectomy with patch angioplasty was used for reconstruction in 32 cases (70%), patch angioplasty alone in 11 (24%), and endarterectomy with primary closure in 3. There were 3 perioperative strokes (7%). Late follow-up mean 30.9 months) revealed no strokes and 1 TIA. Of 40 patients, 34 (85%) were alive and stroke free. Although six late deaths occurred, none were stroke related. One patient (2%) had late significant second recurrent carotid stenosis. Redo carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic patients and asymptomatic high-grade stenosis is safe and durable.
Flurbiprofen for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea

Following the demonstration that increased prostaglandin F2 alpha production causes pain similar to dysmenorrhea, and the finding that prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors are capable of relieving menstrual pain, the early theory of uterine ischemia has once again gained support as the most likely explanation for this condition. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 30 of 43 women with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea who completed the trial preferred flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn), a potent new analgesic/anti-inflammatory agent (50 mg four times daily), to aspirin (650 mg four times daily) and placebo. Flurbiprofen was also rated superior to aspirin and placebo in the degree of pain relief. An algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of 90 percent of women with primary dysmenorrhea is presented.
Remarks on the determination of low-frequency measurements of the dielectric response of colloidal suspensions

Abstract Electrode impedance is a significant artifact in low frequency dielectric measurements involving conducting media. In their recent review article regarding the dielectric dispersion of aqueous colloidal systems, Grosse and Delgado [1] presented an electrode polarization model that provides a physical explanation of the effect of electrolyte concentration and mobility, electrode spacing, and frequency. Although the model properly predicts the undesired phenomenon, the low frequency scaling, often used to identify electrode polarization effects, is incorrect. The apparent dielectric constant actually follows an ω − 2 frequency dependence for ω / κ 2 D ≪ 1, where κ − 1 is the Debye length and D is an average ion diffusion coefficient. Strictly speaking, the predicted scaling with exponent − 1.5 is applicable only for sufficiently high frequencies, where electrode polarization is insignificant. This letter is intended to help clarify matters: the asymptotic behavior of the polarization model is examined, and the approximate expressions representing the real part of the complex dielectric constant of a parallel plate cell containing electrolyte solutions or colloidal suspensions are discussed.
Nozzle optimization study for quiet supersonic wind tunnels

In the present study of the effects of operational factors and nozzle design parameters on the size of the quiet test section in several Mach 3.5 wind tunnel nozzles, the test results from a rapid expansion pilot nozzle with boundary layer removal slots upstream of the throat have shown that the low stream noise levels required for transition research are only obtainable with laminar nozzle wall boundary layers. Six different nozzles were evaluated, including a flat wall radial flow nozzle and a novel rod-wall nozzle. Attention is given to rms surface finish effects on quiet test region length.
Slip planes and asymmetric slip in fatigue of iron single crystals

Abstract Slip planes in iron single crystals are identified and the relative critical resolved shear stresses for slip on those planes are estimated from the results of torsional fatigue experiments. The torsional mode of fatigue is uniquely suited for these purposes because, generally, two different slip systems operate in a given region of maximum resolved shear stress. One slip system can be identified with one sense of shear and the other slip system with the opposite sense of shear. This effect is due to asymmetry of slip on certain planes. Slip is found to occur on {110}, {112} and {123} planes and to be asymmetric on {112} and {123} planes. The relative critical resolved shear stresses are ranked from tests on a number of different orientations.
Characterization of Electrodeposited Technetium on Gold Foil

The reduction and electrodeposition of TcO{sub 4}{sup -} on a smooth gold foil electrode with an exposed area of 0.25 cm{sup 2} was performed in 1 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} supporting electrolyte using bulk electrolysis with a constant current density of 1.0 A/cm{sup 2} at a potential of -2.0 V. Significant hydrogen evolution accompanied the formation of Tc deposits. Tc concentrations consisted of 0.01 M and 2 x 10{sup -3} M and were electrodeposited over various times. Deposited fractions of Tc were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with the capability to measure semiquantitative elemental compositions by energy-dispersive x-ray emission spectroscopy. Results indicate the presence of Tc metal on all samples as the primary electrodeposited constituent for all deposition times and Tc concentrations. Thin films of Tc have been observed followed by the formation of beads that are removable by scratching. After 2000, the quantity of Tc removed from solution and deposited was 0.64 mg Tc per cm{sup 2}. The solution, after electrodeposition, showed characteristic absorbances near 500 nm corresponding to hydrolyzed Tc(IV) produced during deposition of Tc metal. No detectable Tc(IV) was deposited to the cathode.
Symmetric and innerwise matrices for the root-clustering and root-distribution of a polynomial

Abstract The general problem of root-clustering and root-distribution of a polynomial in a certain region Γ in the complex plane has been investigated in this paper. The region Γ is general and includes all the previously investigated regions. For the root-clustering problem, it is shown that by using a certain transformation, the necessary and sufficient condition can be represented either in terms of positive definite (p.d.) or positive innerwise (p.i.) matrices. The entries in these matrices are rational functions of the coefficients of the polynomial. The connection between p.d. and p.i. matrices is established in terms of matrix multiplication. The investigations of this paper are quite general in that all the previously known criteria for root-clustering can be obtained from the general formulation. Furthermore, this study shows that the “Inner” matrix representation offers unification, simplification and a systematic way for studying the mentioned problems.
Adolescents with factitious HIV disease

Purpose: To describe two cases of factitious HIV disease and their implications for clinical practice and research. Methods: Review of medical records and literature search. Results: A 19-year-old female and 17-year-old male were referred to an adolescent HIV clinic for evaluation and treatment of HIV disease. The former reported having been tested at a primary care clinic because of her history of transfusions, although the likely route of infection was intravenous drug use. The 17-year-old claimed to have contracted HIV through unprotected vaginal intercourse. Both patients reported HIV-related symptoms and prior seropositive HIV antibody test results which could not be corroborated. Other important features were histories of mental health problems, lack of apparent distress regarding HIV infection, and extensive knowledge of HIV disease. Conclusions: In both cases, the most likely diagnosis was Factitious Disorder with combined psychological and physical signs and symptoms, based on the feigning of seropositive HIV test results, report of physical symptoms undocumented by physical examination, the need to assume the sick role, and the absence of obvious secondary gain. This report serves to underscore the need to confirm the presence of HIV infection in young people who seek treatment for HIV disease, especially when clinical presentations resemble these cases.
Reciprocal anatomical connections between anterior thalamus and cingulate--retrosplenial cortex in the rabbit.

Reciprocal anatomical connections between posterior limbic (i.e. cingulate-retrosplenial) cortex and anterior thalamus in the rabbit were investigated using horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. Results showed that the cells of origin for corticofugal fibers are contained only within deep cortical layers, while thalamofugal projections terminate only within superficial laminae. That is, only layer VI neurons of cingulate-retrosplenial cortex project to thalamic regions, while cortical layers I and IV are the primary targets of thalamic afferents.
Random vendor assignment in vendor performance evaluation

Abstract A vendor evaluation project at the University of California at Berkeley Library, employing random distribution of controlled groups of comparable orders among groups of comparable vendors, is described with emphasis on methodology. Results of comparisons between individual vendors are expressed without identifying names; results also include comparisons between French and British orders, various specialists vs. general vendors, the impact of order difficulty and of requesting rush handling, and the relation between geographical location in the U.S. and vendor performance. Statistics generated cover speed, fulfillment, and pattern of delivery described in various graphs. Data gathering and analysis methods are less complex than with random sampling or retrospective comparison of vendors; reports are not monitored; and interruption in routine procedures is minimal. The methodology can be introduced into virtually any automated or manual acquisitions system, or used in combination with other techniques for monitoring vendor performance.
Simple Latin Square Sampling ± k Designs

If spatial correlation is present, sampling designs which ensure the sample is well-distributed over the study region will, in general, improve estimation of population abundance relative to designs that do not. Simple latin square sampling ±k designs, a new class of probability sampling designs that were developed for this situation, will be presented. When the goal is estimation of the population total or mean, these designs when compared to simple random, stratified, and systematic sampling will, in general, provide estimators with smaller variance when spatial correlation is present.
Three-course graduate electro-optics laboratory sequence at the University of Dayton

The UD Electro-Optics Graduate Program offers the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. It is an interdisciplinary program between the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and the Physics Department and is designed for students with a B.S. in either of these fields. In order to strengthen skills in applied optics, optical measurement techniques, photonics and data acquisition and analysis methods, a required three- course laboratory sequence was designed. The first course in the fall term has seven basic optics projects that include focal length measurements, lens systems, radiation detection, polarization, interference, near and far field diffraction, interferometry and coherence. The first half of the second course, given in the summer term, covers fiber optics and fiber optical systems. In the second half, the students propose, design, construct, test and report on an electro-optical/photonics system. The third course in the fall term has five advanced projects on the topics of optical spectroscopy, holography, characterization of lasers, laser Doppler velocimetry and optical pattern recognition. Details on the design of these courses are presented along with examples of student work and the results of student evaluations and responses to the lab program.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ERYTHROCYTES OF DIFFERENT AGES: II. ENZYME ACTIVITY AND OSMOTIC FRAGILITY

The activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and catalase in red cells of different ages has been studied with a serial osmotic fragility technique. Two populations...
The role of detailed simulation in capacity planning

In summary, FIVE provides sufficient detail to permit capacityplanning decisions to be made quickly and accurately, and without disrupting an ongoing operation. New applications can be accommodated, volume growth of existing applications can be planned for, and the effects of system changes can be assessed. The latter include such diverse elements as conversion from BSC to SDLC, screen and controller configuration on a line, installation of faster line scanners in the TCU, changing the printer mode from data stream compatibility to SNA character string, and conversion of disk I/O to fixed-block architecture.
Does Resident Ranking During Recruitment Accurately Predict Subsequent Performance as a Surgical Resident

Background While the primary goal of ranking applicants for surgical residency training positions is to identify the candidates who will subsequently perform best as surgical residents, the effectiveness of the ranking process has not been adequately studied. Methods We evaluated our general surgery resident recruitment process between 2001 and 2011 inclusive, to determine if our recruitment ranking parameters effectively predicted subsequent resident performance. We identified 3 candidate ranking parameters (United States Medical Licensing Examination [USMLE] Step 1 score, unadjusted ranking score [URS], and final adjusted ranking [FAR]), and 4 resident performance parameters (American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination [ABSITE] score, PGY1 resident evaluation grade [REG], overall REG, and independent faculty rating ranking [IFRR]), and assessed whether the former were predictive of the latter. Analyses utilized Spearman correlation coefficient. Results We found that the URS, which is based on objective and criterion based parameters, was a better predictor of subsequent performance than the FAR, which is a modification of the URS based on subsequent determinations of the resident selection committee. USMLE score was a reliable predictor of ABSITE scores only. However, when we compared our worst residence performances with the performances of the other residents in this evaluation, the data did not produce convincing evidence that poor resident performances could be reliably predicted by any of the recruitment ranking parameters. Finally, stratifying candidates based on their rank range did not effectively define a ranking cut-off beyond which resident performance would drop off. Conclusions Based on these findings, we recommend surgery programs may be better served by utilizing a more structured resident ranking process and that subsequent adjustments to the rank list generated by this process should be undertaken with caution.
Will family studies return to prominence in human genetics and genomics? Rare variants and linkage analysis of complex traits

A major focus of modern human genetics has been the search for genetic variations that contribute to human disease. These studies originated in families and used linkage methods as a primary analytical tool. With continued technical improvements, these family-based linkage studies have been very powerful in identifying genes contributing to monogenic disorders. When these methods were applied to disorders with complex, non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance they largely failed. The development of effective capabilities for Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) relegated family-based studies to a peripheral role in human genetics research. Despite the remarkable record of GWAS discoveries, common variations identified in GWAS account for a limited (frequently less than 10%) proportion of the heritable risk of qualitative traits or variance of quantitative traits. Next generation sequencing is facilitating a re-examination of family-based methods with surprising and intriguing results. We propose that rare variants of large effect underlie many linkage peaks, including complex quantitative phenotypes, and review the issues underlying this proposed basis for complex traits.
Psychometric assessment of the Correa-Barrick Postpartum Depression Scale.

Abstract Introduction Empirical evidence has suggested an association between mood and color sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to report on the psychometric properties of a new postpartum depression rating scale while at the same time showing a correlation between depression severity and impaired color sensitivity. Methods Using a survey design of a sample of 17 postpartum patients, color sensitivity was assessed by the patient's response to a self-report depression scale item, “I notice that everything seems gray/cloudy/drab/lacking color”. Results There was a statistically significant finding between color sensitivity and depression, r = .50, P Limitations The limitation of the study was the small sample size, but it also suggests that the findings seem particularly robust in view of this. Conclusions This scale could be used in clinical practice to detect early signs of depression for prompt intervention. Referral should be made to mental health providers for follow-up to insure that the mother is not psychotic or so depressed that she cannot care for the baby. Color sensitivity impairment and depression severity has been replicated several times with different samples. It is worthwhile pursuing the pathophysiological basis for this.
Mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase cause misfolding and miscleavage by the viral protease

Abstract Previous work on mutations in the thumb of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) showed that the majority of the mutant RTs were degraded (by the viral protease) to various extents in virions. This degradation was, in most cases, temperature sensitive, and presumably was due to a partial unfolding of the protein at 37 °C. We used recombinant proteins to investigate the effects of the mutations on the thermal stability and proteolytic degradation of RT. Both subunits contribute to the stability of RT. In general, the differences in stability between the mutants and WT were greater if the mutation was in p51 rather than p66. Expressing the Pol polyprotein containing the RT mutants in Escherichia coli produced results similar to what was seen in virions; the mutant RTs were misfolded and/or degraded at 37 °C, but were better folded and processed at 30 °C.
TNeT: Tensor-Based Neighborhood Discovery in Traffic Networks

Traffic networks comprise of sensors monitoring large numbers of roadways and highways with multiple lanes. Data from such sensors can be used for various monitoring tasks such as identifying high usage roads, traffic congestion and HOV lane demarcations. In this paper we propose a method to identify spatial and temporal neighborhoods in such traffic sensor networks. This approach can be used to demarcate HOV lane restrictions at certain time periods and at certain key locations on heavy usage highways. In many cases HOV lane restrictions are dynamic and our approach can provide automatic input to which time periods and locations should be designated as HOV lanes. We propose a spatio-temporal representation model for traffic networks, which models the spatio-temporal data using high-order tensor instead of the traditional vector model. We use tensor operations and tools, such as the Highorder Singular Value Decomposition(HOSVD) for dimension reduction. Subsequently, a traditional clustering algorithm such as k-means is applied in the tensor subspace. For temporal neighborhood discovery we apply K-means to the subspace of time. Similarly, for spatial neighborhoods we apply K-means to the subspace of space. In real world traffic data we found that tensor based representations produce much more accurate results than traditional models. In this paper our focus is on traffic datasets which are typically spatio-temporal in nature as they measure a phenomenon at a particular location over a period of time, however this approach is generalizable to other spatiotemporal datasets as well.
Emerging strategies for the dual inhibition of HER2-positive breast cancer.

Purpose of reviewTo review the recently published trials to help us refine and optimize the use of approved HER2-targeted agents (trastuzumab and lapatinib) and highlight future combination strategies for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.Recent findingsPertuzumab, which prevents the dime
Machiavellianism and Type of Persuasive Message as Predictors of Attitude Change

(1979). Machiavellianism and Type of Persuasive Message as Predictors of Attitude Change. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 123-127.
Biochemical and genetic characterization of kynurenine formamidase from Drosophila melanogaster

The molecular weight forms of kynurenine formamidase were studied both genetically and biochemically. Formamidase I (native molecular weight 60,000) was purified using (NH4)2SO4 and pH fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography at two different pH's, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Its subunit molecular weight, as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis, is 34,000, indicating that formamidase I is a dimer. Its K m is 1.87×10−3m. Its isoelectric point is pH 5.3. Its amino acid composition is reported. Formamidase II (native molecular weight 31,000) was partially purified using techniques similar to those above. Its K m is 2.31×10−3m. The response of formamidase activity to change in gene dosage was measured in segmental aneuploids generated in the second, third, and X chromosomes. Two separate chromosomal regions were identified which when present in extra dosage result in an elevation of the level of formamidase activity close to that predicted for the addition of a structural gene in a two-gene system. These tentative map positions were substantiated by demonstration that addition of one of the regions, 25A–27E, causes a 50% elevation in the relative amount of formamidase II. Addition of the other region, 91B–93F, causes a similar elevation in the relative amount of formamidase I. A model of the evolutionary origin of the two forms is presented, and the significance of these results to this model is discussed.
REST-TO-REST SLEW MANEUVER OF THREE-AXIS ROTATIONAL FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT

Abstract This paper presents a slew maneuver control design of three-axis rotational flexible spacecraft. The focus of the work is to investigate the nonlinear effect of the three axis maneuver for a flexible spacecraft when a vibration suppression technique for linear systems such as input shaping is used in the control design. A simple method of slewing three-axis rotational spacecraft using input shaping is proposed and the proposed technique is implemented on an experimental three-axis spacecraft simulator.
Photoperiod and temperature modulation of male eclosion timing in the white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona

. The daily rhythm of eclosion of male Pseudaulacaspis pentagona is entrained by the interaction of the prevailing light and temperature cycles. The onset of light is the critical cue for the release of eclosion. Darkness or increasing temperature inhibits it. A decrease in temperature induces eclosion during the photophase, but does not do so during the scotophase. The eclosion rhythm is modified daily by the prevailing temperature cycle, apparently to ensure maximum survival of, and mating by the short-lived males.
Antineoplastic activity of lipid-soluble dialkyl esters of methotrexate.

L'action biologique de 6 esters liposolubles di-n-alkyle de la methotrexate (MTX) a ete comparee a celle du compose non esterifie. En tant qu'inhibiteurs de la reductase dihydrofolate de cellules leucemiques L1210 de la souris, les esters ont ete moins efficaces que la MTX. In vivo, les esters dialkyles ont eu une action egale a celle de la MTX, en prolongeant la survie des souris inoculees par l'injection de cellules leucemiques L1210. Puisque les esters sont rapidement hydrolyses in vivo on conclut que l'action antitumeur chez la souris est due a la liberation de la MTX.
Metal ions and clostridiopeptidase A

Abstract Clostridiopeptidase A is a collagenolytic enzyme produced by the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum. It contains four identical sub-units, each with a molecular weight of about 25,000. The enzyme contains Zn and requires Ca2+ for activity [1]. We are using lanthanide ions (Ln3+) and Co2+ to investigate the role of Ca2+ and Zn, respectively, in the catalytic activity of clostridiopeptidase A. For this purpose, it is convenient to use an artificial pentapeptide (‘Pz-peptide’) as the substrate in place of collagen whose properties are altered in the presence of Ln3+ [2]. Previous kinetic analyses, conducted in this laboratory, of the effect of Ln3+ on the hydrolysis of Pz-peptide by clostridiopeptidase A have suggested that Ca2+ is required for the binding of enzyme and substrate [3]. Sm3+ lowers the Km nearly 15 fold, but it also lowers the Vmax by similar amount, suggesting that the enzyme-substrate complex is an abortive one. The relative ability of different Ln3+ to inhibit clostridiopeptidase A is Lu The ability of Ln3+ to inhibit clostridiopeptidase A while enhancing its substrate-binding, suggests a role for these cations in the purification of this enzyme by affinity chromatography; previous attempts to do this have been foiled by collagenolysis, even at 4 °C [4]. Experiments to investigate this possibility have qualitatively confirmed the conclusions from the kinetic analyses mentioned in the preceding paragraph. When a Ca2+-free solution of clostridiopeptidase A was passed through an affinity column packed with calf skin collagen trapped within particles of polyacrylamide [4], none of the enzyme stuck to the column. Addition of increasing amounts of Sm3+ progressively enhanced binding, with complete sequestration of clostridiopeptidase A occuring at a Sm3+ concentration of 75 μM. Comparison of the efficiencies of Lu3+, Er3+, Sm3+ and La3+ at a concentration of 75 μM (Table I), gave results in complete accord with those of the kinetic studies. Co2+ enhanced the rate of hydrolysis of peptide by clostridiopeptidase A, a maximum stimulation of 2.5–3 fold being obtained with 2.5 mM Co2+. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of this stimulation revealed an elevation of both the Vmax and Km by a factor of about 2.5 in the presence of 2.5 mM Co2+. Taken at face value, these findings indicate that Co2+ increased the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, despite reducing its affinity for the substrate. If Co2+ specifically replaced Zn, as happens with many other enzymes, the data suggest a previously unrecognized role for Zn in substrate-binding. However, we are also investigating possible alternative explanations, such as an action of Co2+ at the Ca2+-binding site of the enzyme, or its interaction with the substrate. Both Ln3+ and Co2+ provide useful spectroscopic properties which should greatly aid further investigation of these matters.
Document delivery and collection development : An evolving relationship

Abstract Libraries ate working with new formats and new modes of delivery for users. After identifying the availability of these, and what the locally owned collection can provide, librarians must then determine which mode of delivery best suits their users’ needs, ownership vs. access, impact of these decisions, and funding to support these decisions. As the authors of this paper consider the current setting, they address these issues as they relate to their institution, including the use of user's document delivery requests as a selection criteria.
The East European roots of Romani nationalism

The Oxford English Dictionary defines nation as “a distinct race or people, characterized by common descent, language or history, usually organized as a separate political state and occupying a definite territory.” Nationalism in turn may be defined as a sense of identity as a people, and the efforts resulting to foster this and to obtain recognition as a distinct population, bound by common historical, cultural, linguistic, political, religious or other ties in the eyes of the larger society. While in the broadest sense the term “nation” may apply to a non-politically autonomous ethnic group consisting of only a few hundred individuals (cf. the West African or Native American use of the word as an equivalent to “tribe”), it is most often used synonymously with the notion of an actual country, the existence of an independent geographical homeland being an integral part of its interpretation. However, as the dictionary definition indicates, this is usually, and therefore by implication not invariably, a defining criterion. There have been nations of people lacking a homeland (or a homeland allowing them access or control) throughout history. The pre-1948 Jewish population, for example, or the Palestinians in the present day. Bloody wars have been fought because of the existence of nations of people lacking their own autonomous territory. It is into this latter category that the Romani nation fits and, though the efforts to secure a geographical homeland were central to the nationalist movement, especially during the 1930s and 1940s, the price paid for not having one has been heavy.
Theoretical studies of the interaction of water with DNA oligomers and proteins

The effects of hydration on the structure and dynamics of DNA oligomers and small proteins have been studied. The hydration of small biomolecules was studied by means of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations that explicitly include the water-electrolyte solvent. From these simulations and from simulations of pure water and simple solutes in water, a potential of mean force (PMF) was constructed. This PMF approach was used to describe equilibrium hydration patterns around any biomolecule without the need to do extensive simulations. The effect of water on the dynamics of biological macromolecules is understood by combined theoretical and experimental studies. Methodologies that involve the use of molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical approaches to interpret multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and x-ray diffraction data have been developed.
A sensor driven intelligent control model for a cooperating multijointed robotic arm

The development and validation of a sensor-driven control model for multijointed cooperating robotic arms is explored. The approach is used to explore an anthropomorphic model, and to then reason by analogy to discover a robust control model for robotic arm motion. This approach uses human-like joint motion profiles and sensory information of all joints, evaluates the weighted work done by each joint in cooperative motion, and then synthesizes a minimal effort motion trajectory to precisely and efficiently position the robotic arm end effector. This sensor-based approach significantly reduces the computational requirements for such cooperative motion. The result is a less complex, faster, and adaptive control process. A pressure-servoed hydraulic motion system has been developed to implement the movement strategy. This is a major step toward a long-term research goal of conceptualizing in an intelligent way to implement a manufacturing task. >
THE RADICAL CONSERVATISM OF FRANK H. KNIGHT

This article examines the most prominent interwar economist at the University of Chicago, Frank Knight, through the lens of a controversial 1932 lecture in which he exhorted his audience to vote Communist. The fact that he did so poses a historical problem: why did the premier American exponent of conservative economic principles appear to advocate a vote for radical change? This article argues that the speech is representative of Knight's deliberately paradoxical approach, in which he refused to praise markets without adding caveats about their substantial limitations, and expressed support for freedom of discussion alongside his skepticism of the public's capacity to exercise the privilege. In parsing these tensions, the article revises the conventional interpretation of Knight, illuminates the contested environment within which postwar free-market economics emerged, and reexamines a restrained defense of capitalism that has been largely forgotten in the subsequent years.
Spurious contribution to cosmic ray scattering calculations

The quasi-linear theory for cosmic ray propagation is a well-known and widely accepted theory. In this paper, we discuss the different contributions to the pitch-angle Fokker-Planck coefficient from large and small scales for slab geometry using the damping model of dynamical turbulence. These examinations will give us a hint on the limitation range where the quasi-linear approximation is a good approximation.
The Infrared Absorption Spectra of Acetylene, Ethylene and Ethane

The spectra of acetylene, ethylene and ethane have been investigated with gratings in the region between 2 and 15μ. Each gas shows a more or less characteristic type of structure for its vibrational-rotational bands. The three main absorption regions of acetylene have been resolved into individual lines which are alternately intense and faint. These lines have the same average spacing in the three bands. The band at 13.7μ shows a strong unresolved Q branch, while the bands at 7.5 and 3.0μ lack evident Q branches. The two minor absorption regions of acetylene have also been investigated. The molecular moment of inertia has been computed from the spacing of the fine structure of the principal acetylene bands. The moment of inertia has also been computed from the classical theory on the assumption of a linear molecular model. The values obtained by the two methods are in agreement.For ethylene, seven regions of absorption have been investigated. Two of these have been resolved into individual lines, with a strong Q branch present in one case and absent in the other. Four of the remaining regions reveal envelopes of an identical type, which is characterized by a sharp Q branch together with P and R branches. The bands found in the region of 2.3μ apparently lack Q branches. This latter group has been partially resolved.The main absorption regions of ethane reveal bands, each consisting of a single succession of absorption maxima. The spacing of these maxima is different for each of the bands, but the structure obtained is for the most part of a regular nature.
Instream Woody Debris and Riparian Forest Characteristics in the Sabine River, Texas

We examined instream large woody debris (LWD) dynamics on the Sabine River, TX. All wood >10 cm in diameter and >2 m long was measured on four river meanders (meander wavelengths) below the dam on Toledo Bend Reservoir. We determined LWD species, degree of decay, bank orientation, jam association, and stage contact. We also measured riparian vegetation characteristics on each meander. LWD volumes were significantly greater at the site immediately below Toledo Bend Dam, due to the relatively steeper channel gradient and higher rates of channel erosion. Based on mass balance estimates, between 11 and 21% of total annual recruitment came from upstream fluvial transport, and the remainder resulted from bank erosion and tree mortality. We estimated average LWD residence time to be 12–14 years. The lower Sabine River is transport-limited for sediment, and the same is true for LWD. Based on these measurements, it is unlikely that Toledo Bend Reservoir is having a significant impact on LWD dynamics at the measurement reaches due to lacustrine wood storage. Of greater concern in the study system are riparian forest degradation and invasive species spread, which may dramatically affect future LWD loadings and residence times, and thus, riverine biota.
Forbidden subposets for fractional weak discrepancy at most k

The fractional weak discrepancy of a poset P, written wd"F(P), is the least k such that some f:P->R satisfies f(y)-f(x)>=1 for [email protected]?y and |f(y)-f(x)|@?k for [email protected]?y. We determine the minimal forbidden subposets for the property wd"F(P)@?k when k is an integer.
The Structure of Precipitation Fronts for Finite Relaxation Time

When convection is parameterized in an atmospheric circulation model, what types of waves are supported by the parameterization? Several studies have addressed this question by finding the linear waves of simplified tropical climate models with convective parameterizations. In this paper’s simplified tropical climate model, convection is parameterized by a nonlinear precipitation term, and the nonlinearity gives rise to precipitation front solutions. Precipitation fronts are solutions where the spatial domain is divided into two regions, and the precipitation (and other model variables) changes abruptly at the boundary of the two regions. In one region the water vapor is below saturation and there is no precipitation, and in the other region the water vapor is above saturation level and precipitation is nonzero. The boundary between the two regions is a free boundary that moves at a constant speed. It is shown that only certain front speeds are allowed. The three types of fronts that exist for this model are drying fronts, slow moistening fronts, and fast moistening fronts. Both types of moistening fronts violate Lax’s stability criterion, but they are robustly realizable in numerical experiments that use finite relaxation times. Remarkably, here it is shown that all three types of fronts are robustly realizable analytically for finite relaxation time. All three types of fronts may be physically unreasonable if the front spans an unrealistically large physical distance; this depends on various model parameters, which are investigated below. From the viewpoint of applied mathematics, these model equations exhibit novel phenomena as well as features in common with the established applied mathematical theories of relaxation limits for conservation laws and waves in reacting gas flows.
Administrative Man: Origin or Pawn in Decision Making?:

In this article the author points out that existing empirical and theoretical work concerned with administrative decision making either ignores or scantly treats how subordinates' goals intrude into and influence administrative decisions. The author elaborates a three-fold typology to show several ways in which the administrator's decisions can be guided, shaped, and even controlled by subordinates.
Predator mediated selection and the impact of developmental stage on viability in wood frog tadpoles ( Rana sylvatica )

Complex life histories require adaptation of a single organism for multiple ecological niches. Transitions between life stages, however, may expose individuals to an increased risk of mortality, as the process of metamorphosis typically includes developmental stages that function relatively poorly in both the pre- and post-metamorphic habitat. We studied predator-mediated selection on tadpoles of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, to identify this hypothesized period of differential predation risk and estimate its ontogenetic onset. We reared tadpoles in replicated mesocosms in the presence of the larval odonate Anax junius, a known tadpole predator. The probability of tadpole survival increased with increasing age and size, but declined steeply at the point in development where hind limbs began to erupt from the body wall. Selection gradient analyses indicate that natural selection favored tadpoles with short, deep tail fins. Tadpoles resorb their tails as they progress toward metamorphosis, which may have led to the observed decrease in survivorship. Path models revealed that selection acted directly on tail morphology, rather than through its indirect influence on swimming performance. This is consistent with the hypothesis that tail morphology influences predation rates by reducing the probability a predator strikes the head or body.
Observation of self-assembled core-shell structures in epitaxially embedded TbErAs nanoparticles

Self-assembled core–shell structured rare-earth nanoparticles (TbErAs) are observed in a III–V semiconductor host matrix (In0.53Ga0.47As) nominally lattice-matched to InP, grown via molecular beam epitaxy. Atom probe tomography demonstrates that the TbErAs nanoparticles have a core–shell structure, as seen both in the tomographic atom-by-atom reconstruction and concentration profiles. A simple thermodynamic model is created to determine when it is energetically favorable to have core–shell structures; the results strongly agree with the observations.