cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collective cancer cell invasion induced by coordinated contractile stresses.

// Angela M. Jimenez Valencia 1, 2 , Pei-Hsun Wu 1, 2 , Osman N. Yogurtcu 3 , Pranay Rao 1 , Josh DiGiacomo 1 , Ines Godet 1 , Lijuan He 1, 2 , Meng-Horng Lee 1, 2 , Daniele Gilkes 1, 2 , Sean X. Sun 2, 3 , Denis Wirtz 1, 2, 4 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA 2 Physical Sciences-Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA 4 Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA Correspondence to: Denis Wirtz, e-mail: wirtz@jhu.edu Keywords: spatio-temporal invasion, fibrosarcoma, 3D invasion model Received: June 01, 2015 Accepted: October 20, 2015 Published: October 30, 2015 ABSTRACT The physical underpinnings of fibrosarcoma cell dissemination from a tumor in a surrounding collagen-rich matrix are poorly understood. Here we show that a tumor spheroid embedded in a 3D collagen matrix exerts large contractile forces on the matrix before invasion. Cell invasion is accompanied by complex spatially and temporally dependent patterns of cell migration within and at the surface of the spheroids that are fundamentally different from migratory patterns of individual fibrosarcoma cells homogeneously distributed in the same type of matrix. Cells display a continuous transition from a round morphology at the spheroid core, to highly aligned elongated morphology at the spheroid periphery, which depends on both β 1 -integrin-based cell-matrix adhesion and myosin II/ROCK-based cell contractility. This isotropic-to-anisotropic transition corresponds to a shift in migration, from a slow and unpolarized movement at the core, to a fast, polarized and persistent one at the periphery. Our results also show that the ensuing collective invasion of fibrosarcoma cells is induced by anisotropic contractile stresses exerted on the surrounding matrix.
A Dual-Pulse Repetition Frequency Scheme for Mitigating Velocity Ambiguities of the NOAA P-3 Airborne Doppler Radar

Abstract To mitigate some of the deleterious effects of the relatively small unambiguous Doppler velocity range (Nyquist interval) of airborne X-band Doppler radars, a technique has been developed to extend this interval. This technique, termed the batch-mode dual-PRF (pulse repetition frequency) technique, utilizes two batches of pulses that are each averaged to produce two velocity estimates at each range bin, with each batch at a different sampling rate. Comparison of the two velocity estimates produces a difference velocity that is used to dealias the second estimate within an extended velocity range that is larger than the Nyquist velocities of either of the two original samples. In this implementation, the choices of the two PRFs are restricted to ratios of 3/2 or 4/3 of the lowest PRF. Due to the spread of the input Doppler spectrum and spatial displacement from one radial to the next, however, this batch-mode technique can produce processor velocity dealiasing mistakes, particularly in high wind s...
Conditional nonlinear planning

CNLP proactively develops plans that account for fore.teen sources of uncertainty. CNLP uses conditioning, a new threat-resolution action, to resolve threats that occur between the possibly contingent branches of a conditional plan. A simple labelling scheme is used that allows the planner to determine when contingent steps should be executed and when these steps are no longer required for goal satisfaction. CNLP is the nonlinear extension of the linear conditional planner. WARPLAN-C.
A Wearable Smartphone-Based Platform for Real-Time Cardiovascular Disease Detection Via Electrocardiogram Processing

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of global mortality and is projected to remain so. Cardiac arrhythmia is a very common type of CVD and may indicate an increased risk of stroke or sudden cardiac death. The ECG is the most widely adopted clinical tool to diagnose and assess the risk of arrhythmia. ECGs measure and display the electrical activity of the heart from the body surface. During patients' hospital visits, however, arrhythmias may not be detected on standard resting ECG machines, since the condition may not be present at that moment in time. While Holter-based portable monitoring solutions offer 24-48 h ECG recording, they lack the capability of providing any real-time feedback for the thousands of heart beats they record, which must be tediously analyzed offline. In this paper, we seek to unite the portability of Holter monitors and the real-time processing capability of state-of-the-art resting ECG machines to provide an assistive diagnosis solution using smartphones. Specifically, we developed two smartphone-based wearable CVD-detection platforms capable of performing real-time ECG acquisition and display, feature extraction, and beat classification. Furthermore, the same statistical summaries available on resting ECG machines are provided.
Malathion immunotoxicity in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) upon experimental exposure.

Abstract An unusual mortality event in the fall of 1999 was observed in Long Island Sound lobsters resulting in the reduction of up to 99% of lobster landings. The die-off corresponded in time with the application of pesticides for the control of mosquitoes that carried West Nile virus, an emerging disease in North America at that time. To determine the possible implications of pesticide application as a direct or contributing factor in the die-off, studies were conducted to determine the effects of experimental exposure to sumithrin on the health of lobsters. Lobsters were exposed in 20-gallon tanks for 5-d or 28-d, and the direct toxicity, as well as sublethal effects on the immune system was determined. The 96-h LC50 for sumithrin upon single exposure, as well as the 28-d LC50 for sumithrin upon repeated exposure, were greater than 1.0 μg/L, the highest concentration tested. No modulation of immune function was detected after sumithrin exposure for either the single or repeated exposures. Water concent...
The Host-Cell Range of the Epstein-Barr Virus

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been classified as a B-lymphocyte tropic virus, primarily based on the host-range of EBV under laboratory conditions. Since it is now generally accepted that the EBV is associated with the epithelial cells of NPC, an important issue in the pathogenesis of EBV is the host range of cells that can be infected. Data have accumulated from several laboratories showing that EBV can infect certain epithelial cells directly, including epithelial explant cell cultures prepared from NPC biopsy specimens, epithelial tumor cell lines, normal epithelial nasopharyngeal cells from squirrel monkeys, and, more recently, primary human cervical epithelial cells. In addition, important information has come from studies in which laboratory manipulations have been used to insert EBV or EBV DNA into a variety of cell types. These procedures include transfection, microinjection, and receptor implantation experiments, as well as the preparation of epithelial hybrid cells. The ability to demonstrate routine direct infection of epithelial cells, and more importantly, to demonstrate that they can be transformed by EBV, will help clarify the association of EBV with NPC.
Modeling Cystic Fibrosis Using Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cells

UNLABELLED We established an efficient strategy to direct human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from patients with cystic fibrosis, to differentiate into pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). After purification, more than 98% of hESC-derived PDECs expressed functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. In addition, iPSC lines were derived from a patient with CF carrying compound frameshift and mRNA splicing mutations and were differentiated to PDECs. PDECs derived from Weill Cornell cystic fibrosis (WCCF)-iPSCs showed defective expression of mature CFTR protein and impaired chloride ion channel activity, recapitulating functional defects of patients with CF at the cellular level. These studies provide a new methodology to derive pure PDECs expressing CFTR and establish a "disease in a dish" platform to identify drug candidates to rescue the pancreatic defects of patients with CF. SIGNIFICANCE An efficient strategy was established to direct human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and an induced pluripotent stem cell line derived from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF-iPSCs), to differentiate into pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). After purification, more than 98% of hESC-PDECs derived from CF-iPSCs showed defective expression of mature cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein and impaired chloride ion channel activity, recapitulating functional pancreatic defects of patients with CF at the cellular level. These studies provide a new methodology for deriving pure PDECs expressing CFTR, and they establish a "disease-in-a-dish" platform for identifying drug candidates to rescue the pancreatic defects of these patients.
Sanitizing “Indians” in America’s Thanksgiving story

AbstractChildren’s books about the Thanksgiving holiday offer a superlative example of America’s supposedly innocent interactions with “Indians.” In this essay, we describe how representations of “Indians” in children’s Thanksgiving books are often used to promote a Manifest Destiny ideology, we correct basic “facts” about the “first” Thanksgiving, and we urge educators to employ decolonizing and indigenizing pedagogical strategies when teaching about Thanksgiving in order to better explain America’s historical relation to “Indians” in their classrooms.
Comparison of Huxiang Culture and Shu Culture in a Literary View——A Study on the Writings from Xiang and Shu

Huxiang culture and Shu culture arise and grow in similar cultural ecology,thus their culture morphology,artistic traditions,and cultural spirits share great commonality;however,significant differences between these two culture exist due to the specific environmental circumstances and historical heritage.The writing styles of writers from Xiang and Shu fully reflect the similarities and differences of such cultural impacts.That is,commonalities-the creative value orientation of"expressing ideas and emotions",literary spirit of romanticism,and the dual cultural structure;differences-the different creative consciousness between the"Great Lake Style"and"Basin Style",the different thinking style between reasoning and sensibility,and the different literary flavor between the fresh,bright,and masculine style and the stagnate,cool,and gloomy style.
Introduction to monitoring and early-warning information system for symptoms of major infectious diseases in Changning District,Shanghai

[Objective] To establish a monitoring and early warning system for symptoms of major infectious diseases in Changning District,Shanghai.A method was explored to collect data,establish threshold and identify abnormal signal for major infectious diseases. [Methods] Hospitals and schools were selected as monitoring points,in which undefined pneumonia,influenza,bacterium diarrhea,cholera,infectious diarrhea,measles,chickenpox,hand-foot-mouth disease and type-B encephalitis were monitored as target diseases and related surveillance on the symptoms of these diseases were carried out.Early-warning threshold of each symptom groups was calculated by the mobile percentile method. [Results] The monitoring and early warning system for symptoms of major infectious diseases has been designed and developed,which has many functions such as syndrome information collection,data import,early-warning parameters,daily warning value,abnormal automatic report and warning to abnormal message,early warning data query,user management and rights management. [Conclusion] Through this research,a software which could collect electronic data,automatically analyze and make early warnings was developed.A set of method and mechanism was formed for data collection on symptoms,threshold establishment,abnormal signal identification.The information system for symptoms of major infectious diseases can be used by disease prevention and control agencies to carry out symptom monitoring,which has positive significance in the improvement of early warning and detection for outbreak seedling of infectious diseases.
Prognostic significance of mammographic detection in a cohort of conservatively treated breast cancer patients.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of nonpalpable mammographically detected breast cancer in a cohort of conservatively treated breast cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The records of 953 patients with invasive stage I and II breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy prior to January 1990 were reviewed. Mode of presentation with reference to clinical and mammographic findings was recorded. For statistical analysis, patients were divided into two groups: 748 patients presented with clinically palpable masses with or without mammographic abnormalities (PALP), and 205 presented with nonpalpable mammographically detected tumors (MGDET). RESULTS: Patients in the MGDET group presented with cancers at earlier stages of disease, had tumors of smaller pathological size, were more often hormone-receptor positive, and less frequently required adjuvant systemic therapy. As of December 1995, with a median follow-up of 11.6 years, the MGDET group had a higher 10-year overall survival rate (82% vs 68%) and a superior 10-year distant-metastasis-free rate (87% vs 75%). The ipsilateral breast tumor relapse rate was similar between the PALP and MGDET groups. When broken down by age ( or = 50 years), the benefits of early detection remained apparent with a statistically significant superior distant-metastasis-free rate in women under age 50 in the MGDET group compared with women under age 50 in the PALP group. In a multivariate analysis, mammographic detection remained an independent prognostic factor for distant-metastasis-free survival. CONCLUSION: Patients presenting with nonpalpable mammographically detected invasive breast cancer have a favorable prognosis compared with their counterparts presenting with clinically palpable masses. Although the issue of lead-time bias cannot be addressed adequately in this retrospective review, the favorable prognosis with respect to disease-free survival and breast conservation is quite evident. The high probability of disease-free survival and breast preservation in these patients should further encourage the widespread using of screening mammography and the increased use of breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy.
Increased Numbers of Sperm in the Oviducts and Improved Fertilization Rates in Rabbits after Administration of Phenylephrine or Ergonovine Near the Time of Insemination

Phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, was administered im to does near the time of mating or insemination. The treatment increased sperm numbers in the oviducts by about 50-fold and in the uterus by about 10-fold at 2 or 2.5 h after insemination. Methoxamine, another alpha-adrenoceptor agonist that was given im, did not increase sperm numbers, although both phenylephrine' and methoxamine significantly increased the number and amplitude of uterine contractions when contractions were measured by strain gauge force transducers attached to the uterus of conscious does. Ergonovine, an ergot derivative given im, increased sperm numbers more than 10-fold in the oviducts and five to 10-fold in the uterus at 2 or 2.5 h after insemination. Ergonovine increased the frequency and amplitude of uterine contractions when given iv but not when given im. In tests with a range of doses of phenylephrine and ergonovine, 5 mg of phenylephrine and .6 mg of ergonovine appeared to be near optimal for maximizing the number of sperm in the uterus and oviducts at 2.5 h after insemination. Phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent, prevented the phenylephrine-induced increases in both uterine contractions and sperm numbers in the oviducts and uterus. Phenoxybenzamine also prevented the effect of ergonovine on sperm numbers. In does inseminated with low numbers of sperm (92,000; an inseminate selected to result in a low fertilization rate in control does), the administration of phenylephrine or ergonovine significantly increased ovum fertilization rates (16% for control does, 52 and 63%, respectively, for phenylephrine- and ergonovine-treated does).
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF NONLINEAR RADIATION INDUCED PLASMAS.

A Monte Carlo simulation model for radiation induced plasmas with nonlinear properties due to recombination was, employing a piecewise linearized predict-correct iterative technique. Several important variance reduction techniques were developed and incorporated into the model, including an antithetic variates technique. This approach is especially efficient for plasma systems with inhomogeneous media, multidimensions, and irregular boundaries. The Monte Carlo code developed has been applied to the determination of the electron energy distribution function and related parameters for a noble gas plasma created by alpha-particle irradiation. The characteristics of the radiation induced plasma involved are given.
9 – Rhizosphere Processes under Elevated CO2

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the interactions between atmospheric CO2 levels and rhizosphere processes and discusses the feedback between rhizosphere processes and other ecosystem components. Rhizosphere processes play an important role in carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The rhizosphere has been identified as one of the key fine-scale components in the overall research of global carbon cycles. An increase in CO2 may result in an increase in primary production, and the subsequent allocation and utilization of this photosynthetically fixed carbon in the rhizosphere is important for soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics. Many important aspects of plant-soil interactions are mediated by rhizosphere processes, such as plant nutrient acquisition, colonization of rhizosphere microorganisms, and soil organic matter decomposition. Understanding rhizosphere processes in relation to the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is important to predict the response of soil nutrients and organic matter to global environmental changes because of the unique role that the rhizosphere plays in plant-soil interactions.
Land-based sources of marine pollution: Pesticides, PAHs and phthalates in coastal stream water, and heavy metals in coastal stream sediments in American Samoa

The island nations and territories of the South Pacific are facing a number of pressing environmental concerns, including solid waste management and coastal pollution. Here we provide baseline information on the presence and concentration of heavy metals and selected organic contaminants (pesticides, PAHs, phthalates) in 7 coastal streams and in surface waters adjacent to the Futiga landfill in American Samoa. All sampled stream sediments contained high concentrations of lead, and some of mercury. Several coastal stream waters showed relatively high concentrations of diethyl phthalate and of organophosphate pesticides, above chronic toxicity values for fish and other aquatic organisms. Parathion, which has been banned by the US Environmental Protection Agency since 2006, was detected in several stream sites. Increased monitoring and initiatives to limit non-point source land-based pollution will greatly improve the state of freshwater and coastal resources, as well as reduce risks to human health in American Samoa.
Environmental Ethics for the Long Term: An Introduction

John Nolt defines environmental ethics as ‘the attempt to expand moral thinking in two directions: beyond the human species and into the distant future’ (p. xii). Environmental Ethics for the Long ...
A phase 1/2 study of chemosensitization with plerixafor plus G-CSF in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

A phase 1/2 study of chemosensitization with plerixafor plus G-CSF in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia
The Structure of Semisimple Associative and Jordan Algebras

Following the general algebra background work of the last chapter, we are now in a position to specialize our algebras to the kind we will encounter in the structure theory of variance components. Thus we present the complete classification of finite dimensional semisimple associative algebras and also that of finite dimensional semisimple Jordan algebras which are generated by sets of real symmetric matrices. The classification of all the simple Jordan algebras of this form is evidently a new result.
The Use of Creole as a School Medium and Decreolization in Haiti

Education in a multilingual context must have a dual objective: on the one hand, it must respect the dignity of the student and promote the vernacular culture by raising the status of the native language; on the other hand, it must allow students a certain level of participation in modern life and insure that they have some chance of social betterment by giving them access to their society’s dominant language and to the major languages of international communication used in their region.
Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for highly oblique whistler mode waves

Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients are considered for highly oblique whistler mode waves, which exhibit a singular “resonance cone” in cold plasma theory. The refractive index becomes both very large and rapidly varying as a function of wave parameters, making the diffusion coefficients difficult to calculate and to characterize. Since such waves have been repeatedly observed both outside and inside the plasmasphere, this problem has received renewed attention. Here the diffusion equations are analytically treated in the limit of large refractive index μ. It is shown that a common approximation to the refractive index allows the associated “normalization integral” to be evaluated in closed form and that this can be exploited in the numerical evaluation of the exact expression. The overall diffusion coefficient formulas for large μ are then reduced to a very simple form, and the remaining integral and sum over resonances are approximated analytically. These formulas are typically written for a modeled distribution of wave magnetic field intensity, but this may not be appropriate for highly oblique whistlers, which become quasi-electrostatic. Thus, the analysis is also presented in terms of wave electric field intensity. The final results depend strongly on the maximum μ (or μ∥) used to model the wave distribution, so realistic determination of these limiting values becomes paramount.
Learning Agile with Tech Startup Software Engineering Projects

The Tech Startup model is an approach to learning software engineering methods by partnering with students studying entrepreneurship to collaborate on real software products. Agile software development methods align with Lean Startup practices so that students in sister classes experience leading contemporary practices in their respective fields. This paper describes a pilot study of interdisciplinary Tech Startup projects with a heuristic evaluation of software engineering realism and formative assessment of students' surveyed experiences. The study found several similar student outcomes to other project models; however, it also identified limitations in the pilot with corresponding recommendations for future implementations.
Analysis of 16S Genomic Data using Graphical Databases

Since the Human Genome Project was completed in 2003, many data scientists have developed algorithms in order to store and query high volumes of genomic data. The most common data storage techniques employed in these algorithms are flat files or relational databases. While sophisticated indexing techniques can accelerate queries, an alternative is to store biological sequence data directly in a way that supports efficient queries. Here we introduce a new algorithm that aims to compress the redundant information and improve the performance of query speed with the help of graphical databases, which have been commercial available since the mid-late 2000s. A graphical database stores information using nodes and relationships (edges). Our approach is to identify subsequences that are common among many sequences, and to store these as "common nodes" in the graphical database. This is accomplished for sequencing data as follows: split the whole sequence into k-mers: if a given k-mer is common to enough sequences, then it is labeled as a common segment; if a k-mer is unique (or common to too few sequences), then it is labeled as a single segment. Thus, common nodes and single nodes are formed from common segments and single segments, respectively. These two kinds of nodes are connected by edges in the graphical database, allowing each original sequences to be reconstructed by following edges in the graph. This graphical database model allows for fast taxonomic queries of 16S rDNA. When queried, the database can first attempt to find common nodes that match the query sequence, and subsequently follow edges to single nodes to refine the search. This approach is analogous to that of "compressive genomics", except that the compression is implicit in the graphical database storage model. Beyond simple sequence queries, this graphical database representation also supports variability analysis, which identifies highly variable vs. conserved regions of 16S sequence. Regions of low variability correspond to common nodes, while regions of high variability correspond to a variety of paths through single nodes. Figure illustrates common and single nodes, and a corresponding plot of variability. Benchmarking of sequence search indicates that query time in graphical databases is significantly faster than in flat files or relational databases. Implementation of graphical databases in genomic data analysis will allow for accelerated search, and may lend itself to other forms of efficient analysis, such as tetramer frequency analysis, which is useful in metagenomic binning.
Behind Chinese Female CEOS’ Underpayment

This paper presents a contingency perspective regarding the compensation to female CEOs in a sample of Chinese public-listed firms. We leverage the role incongruity and the resource-based theories ...
‘Please turn it off ’: Negotiations and morality around children’s media use at home:

This article examines the discourse of negotiation surrounding children’s media time use as it emerges from naturally occurring video-recorded interactions between parents and children. Specificall...
Colors of Myocardial Infarction: Can They Predict the Future?

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a major achievement in the field of noninvasive cardiac imaging.1 During the past 2 decades, LGE has not only become the gold standard for characterizing myocardial infarctions (MIs), but it has also been shown to have significant value in predicting clinical outcomes after acute MI. However, a drawback of LGE is that it cannot discriminate between acute and chronic MI, which is a frequent demand in the clinical management of patients with MI. Over a decade ago, noncontrast-enhanced T2-based CMR emerged to fill this gap. Specifically, it was shown that the infarct zone hyperintensity in T2 images, suggestive of edema within the zone, normalizes to that of remote myocardium at 3 months post-MI, presumably because of the resolution of edema in the chronic phase of MI.2 Thus, a combined evaluation of LGE and T2 CMR has become an accepted strategy for differentiating between acute and chronic MIs. See Article by Carberry et al Despite these key advances, there have been evidence in the literature, albeit in small cohorts of patients, that the time for infarct zone T2 hyperintensity to resolve to remote values is highly variable3,4 and that infarct zone T2 hyperintensity can persist even 1 year after acute MI. These reports, however, did not provide insight into the temporal heterogeneity of edema resolution. The recent study by Bulluck et al5 has been instrumental in uncovering potential cues for why infarct zone T2 hyperintensity in some acute MIs can persist well after the acute phase of MI. They reported that in …
Hidradenitis Suppurativa Is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Population-Based Analysis in the United States

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been linked to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). However, evidence establishing a relationship between the two conditions is limited. We sought to determine the prevalence of PCOS among patients with HS and the strength of the association. We performed a cross-sectional analysis involving 22,990 patients with HS using clinical data from a multihealth system analytics platform comprising more than 55 million unique patients across all census regions of the United States. The prevalence of PCOS among patients with HS was 9.0%, compared with 2.9% in patients without HS ( P
Hypervariate constitutive modeling illustrated via aleatory uncertainty in a foundation model

Abstract Even if a ceramic's homogenized properties (such as anisotropically evolving stiffness) truly can be predicted from complete knowledge of sub-continuum morphology (e.g., locations, sizes, shapes, orientations, and roughness of trillions of crystals, dislocations, impurities, pores, inclusions, and/or cracks), the necessary calculations are untenably hypervariate. Non-productive (almost derailing) debates over shortcomings of various first-principles ceramics theories are avoided in this work by discussing numerical coarsening in the context of a pedagogically appealing buckling foundation model that requires only sophomore-level understanding of springs, buckling hinges, dashpots, etc. Bypassing pre-requisites in constitutive modeling, this work aims to help students to understand the difference between damage and plasticity while also gaining experience in Monte-Carlo numerical optimization via scale-bridging that reduces memory and processor burden by orders of magnitude while accurately preserving aleatory (finite-sampling) perturbations that are crucial to accurately predict bifurcations, such as ceramic fragmentation.
Recent Advances in Understanding the Molecular Virology of Hepatoviruses: Contrasts and Comparisons with Hepatitis C Virus

There have been significant advances in the molecular virology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) during the three years that have elapsed since the Houston symposium. These include a better understanding of the post-translational processing of the HAV polyprotein, the secondary structure of the 5′-nontranslated RNA and the mechanism of viral translation, as well as the mutations responsible for the adaptation of the virus to growth in cell culture. Cellular proteins have been identified which specifically interact with the 5′-noncoding region of the HAV genome. These advances promise to shed new light on the mechanisms of cell culture adaptation and possibly attenuation of HAV. However, they also offer a unique perspective on hepatitis C virus, as the replication of HAV shares several important features with HCV.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY

Generally, the evaluation of clinical angiograms is done on a qualitative basis. Since the normal structures and fluorescence patterns of the fundus are well known, it is usually fairly easy to be certain whether any given angiography feature is normal or abnormal. Given sufficient photographic quality and good magnification, such observation and interpretation lead often directly to diagnosis and treatment without the need for any time consuming measurements and calculations. That, in addition to its purely aesthetic appeal, is probably a major practical reason why this method has found such universal clinical acceptance within a rather short span of time.
Assisted reproduction and HIV: Separate but not equal

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health - Ethique, Medecine et Politiques Publiques - Vol. 7 - N° C - p. 29-44
CHAPTER 19 – Data Analysis and Process Control

Data analysis, model design, and control strategy are all important in utilizing the information from process sensors. Analysis of the raw data is relatively straightforward in fundamental and process-development studies, but can become overwhelming during manufacturing when continuous readings from the multiple sensors in each tool start streaming in for realtime analysis. Models are needed to transform these data into an understanding of the process (from a fundamental or process-development viewpoint) or at least a characterization that interrelates the state of the equipment, the process, and the wafer from a manufacturing perspective. These models are mathematical constructs that need not necessarily be based on the physical and chemical steps, and they can be important both in process development and control. Some models Utilize sensor readings of intermediate process conditions {in situ measurements), while others relate input process variables (equipment-state inputs) to process results (final wafer state).
Lead Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Their Size-Controlled Self-Assemblies for Thermoelectric and Photovoltaic Applications

We report a facile, room temperature synthesis of PbS, PbSe, PbSxSe1–x, and PbTe nanoparticles and their microscale assemblies by combining a chalcogen solution and a lead halide solution in select thiol–amine mixtures. Selection of an appropriate thiol–amine pair and/or the use of appropriate amine to thiol ratio has demonstrated a size control on nanoparticle self-assemblies ranging from nano- to microscale. Proper washing of these particles has yielded phase-pure and compositionally uniform material with minimal or no presence of any carbonaceous ligands on the particle surface, making it attractive for electronic device fabrication. The resulting PbS material exhibits bandgaps in the range 0.6 eV to as high as 1.2 eV for various assembly sizes. These optical bandgaps confirm the retention of quantum confinement of PbS material even in self-assembled nano/microstructures, which could be an interesting phenomenon for future photovoltaic development. Along with carbon-free, quantum-confined self-assembli...
Angiographic predictors of adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with radiation associated coronary artery disease.

Objectives To determine procedural predictors of long-term outcomes for patients with radiation associated coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background Patients who develop CAD after external beam radiation therapy (XRT) for cancer are at high-risk for adverse events following PCI. It is unknown if specific angiographic features can predict outcomes in this population. Methods This is an observational study of 157 patients with malignancy who received XRT prior to PCI. Rates of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs; all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, or stroke) were compared across patient characteristics over time with the Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier's analyses. Results During follow-up of 5.4 ± 4.5 years, 91 (58%) patients had MACCE. On Kaplan-Meier's analysis of angiographic characteristics, MACCE was more frequent in patients with at least moderate target vessel calcification (P = 0.023), ostial stenosis (P = 0.049), target vessel diameter ≥ 3.0 mm (P = 0.018), a SYNTAX score ≥ the median of 11 (P = 0.014), or bare metal stenting (BMS)/balloon angioplasty (BA) compared to drug-eluting stenting (DES) (P = 0.006). Cardiac death was more frequent in patients with SYNTAX score ≥ 11 (P = 0.028) or BMS (P = 0.043). After multivariable adjustment for both angiographic and clinical characteristics, independent predictors of MACCE were BMS placement (P = 0.013), chronic kidney disease ≥ stage 3 (P = 0.019), New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure class ≥3 (P = 0.034), and SYNTAX score ≥ 11 (P = 0.041). Conclusions In patients previously exposed to XRT treated with PCI, independent angiographic predictors of MACCE include SYNTAX score ≥ 11 and BMS placement, suggestive that DES should be preferred in this population.
Cementless versus Cemented Fixation in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Despite the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), more than 20,000 revision TKA procedures are performed annually. In an effort to decrease failures due to loosening in the past, cementless fixation of TKA was suggested. The preliminary results of cementless fixation for TKA proved to be discouraging, with midterm results linking the use of uncemented components to early aseptic loosening. While cemented TKA has remained the gold standard fixation technique, the changing demographics of the average TKA patient have led some surgeons to revisit cementless fixation as an option.
STUDIES ON THE CATALYSIS OF HYDROGEN EXCHANGE BETWEEN (S)-(—)-CHLOROSUCCINATE AND WATER BY SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE

SUMMARY We report on the exchange of hydrogen between water and the 2-methine and 3-threo -methylene positions of (5)-(—)-chlorosucciiiate as catalyzed by succinic dehydrogenase. Two processes were detected in the transfer of-deuterium from 2 H 2 O to chlorosuccinate to form the final product, chlorosuccinate-2,3- threo - 2 H 2 . The one process formed chlorosuccinate-2- 2 H as intermediate; the second involved no intermediate. A possible intermediate, chlorosuccinate-3- threo - 2 H, was not detected. The results confirm those published by Retey et al. (Eur. J. Biochem. 13, 94 (1970)). Only one process was detected in the transfer of deuterium from chlorosuccinate-2,3- ihreo- 2 H 2 or chlorosuccinate-2,3,3- 2 H 3 to water: chlorosuccinate or chlorosuccinate-3 erythro- 2 H , respectively, was produced directly and intermediates were not detected. Deuterium at the 3 erythro -position had little or no effect on the exchange reactions and was not exchanged itself or transferred to other positions. The relative rates of loss of deuterium from chlorosuccinate-2- 2 H, chlorosuccinate-3-threo- 2 H, and both positions in chIorosuceinate-2,3- threo - 2 H 2 were about 2:1:1. The probable existence of long lived enzyme-substrate complexes in the exchange reactions catalyzed by succinic dehydrogenase is discussed.
Is more always better? Tribofilm evolution and tribological behavior impacted by the concentration of ZDDP, ionic liquid, and ZDDP-Ionic liquid combination

Abstract Anti-wear additives (AWs), like zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs), have been used in lubricants for more than a half-century, and more effective candidate AWs, like oil-soluble ionic liquids (ILs), are emerging. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of how the AW concentration impacts the tribochemical activities at the contact interface. This study systematically investigated the friction and wear behavior in correlation to the tribofilm morphology and composition as a function of the concentration of a ZDDP, a phosphonium-alkylphosphate IL, and an IL+ZDDP combination. The ZDDP concentration rising from 0.4 to 6.4 wt% caused a proportionally increased friction coefficient, which was well correlated to a thicker, rougher, and more brittle tribofilm. This was further understood by the decreasing phosphates but increasing sulfur compounds in the ZDDP tribofilm. In contrast, the IL and IL+ZDDP maintained a low and stable friction coefficient at 0.5 wt% or above. There was no sulfur in the IL tribofilm, and the sulfur compounds were maintained at a low level in the tribofilm for IL+ZDDP even at high concentrations. Results suggested minimizing the sulfur content in the tribofilm would be an effective way to control the friction. An interesting V-shape relationship between the AW concentration and the wear loss was observed for both the IL-containing AWs, with an optimum at 2 wt% for the IL alone and 0.46–0.92 wt% for the IL+ZDDP, respectively. A unique heat map was created using the phosphorus binding energy distribution to reveal the phosphate polymerization at different depths of the tribofilms, which provided additional insight for the tribofilm evolution.
Allogenic stem cell transplant (ASCT) as initial salvage for patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refractory to high-dose cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy.

6544 Background: Outcomes of pts with AML who are refractory to High-dose Cytarabine (HiDAC) based induction are dismal. ASCT as initial salvage may be effective and potentially superior to repeat ...
Is this the end of the tPA world as we know it

The pendulum has swung again. Just within the last decade, the uncertain position of endovascular therapy (EVT) of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) in acute ischemic stroke took a historic 180° turn. EVT in patients with ELVO is now supported by multiple randomized controlled trials and has been endorsed by various professional organizations throughout the world with a class I recommendation.1–10 Emerging data now raise questions about whether adjunctive intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA, alteplase) yields additional benefit beyond EVT alone.11 12 There is no additional benefit of thrombolysis in patients presenting with myocardial infarction and this approach has largely been abandoned in patients who have access to percutaneous coronary intervention within 120 min of symptoms onset. Initial suggestion of alteplase ‘futility’ was advanced by the HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Using Multiple Endovascular Devices) collaboration from a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomized trials (MR CLEAN, SWIFT PRIME, EXTEND-IA, ESCAPE, and REVASCAT).1–5 The treatment effect size of thrombectomy in patients who did not receive alteplase was similar to patients who were treated with both approaches. These findings are in keeping with previous retrospective analyses as well as post-hoc analyses of individual trials.13 Several ongoing trials are testing the role of systemic thrombolysis in patients treated with thrombectomy around the world, such as MR CLEAN NO …
COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy.

Neurologic complications of COVID-19 are not well described. We report 2 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 after presenting with diplopia and ophthalmoparesis.
A locking-free weak Galerkin finite element method for Reissner–Mindlin plate on polygonal meshes

Abstract A new weak Galerkin finite element method is introduced and analyzed for the Reissner–Mindlin plate model in the primary form (without introducing shear strain as an extra unknown), which results in a linear system with symmetric positive definite stiffness matrix. The proposed method achieves uniform convergence with respect to plate thickness (the so-called locking-free) without introducing any projection, reduced integration, etc. In addition, the new method can be applied to general polygonal meshes; in particular, we implement pentagonal and hexagonal meshes in our numerical tests. The numerical study confirms our theory.
Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast: A Spectrum

Fibroepithelial breast lesions are a spectrum of entities ranging from common and benign to uncommon and malignant. Here we review the frequency, demographics, imaging, pathology, and behavior of these different lesions, to make the diagnosis and management of fibroepithelial lesions somewhat less challenging. Current literature on fibroepithelial lesions was reviewed. This information was combined with our experience at a single academic institution. Although evaluation with newer technologies such as MRI or immunohistochemistry markers such as Ki67 and VEGF can be used to sort the spectrum of fibroepithelial lesions, accurate diagnosis remains challenging given the histologic variability and heterogeneity. Continuing advances in imaging and pathology analysis should make accurate classification easier in the future. The majority of fibroepithelial lesions are benign, fibroadenomas being the most common mass diagnosed in women. Phyllodes tumor needs to be considered in a rapidly growing mass.
Clinical analysis of adenovirus pneumonia with pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis in children.

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical characteristics of 168 children with adenovirus pneumonia complicated by pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis.MethodsWe retrospectively studied patients with aden...
Multireference calculations on the ground and lowest excited states and dissociation energy of LuF.

High level multireference calculations were performed for LuF for a total of 132 states, including four dissociation channels Lu(2D) + F(2P), Lu(2P) + F(2P), and two Lu(4F) + F(2P). The 6s, 5d, and 6p orbitals of lutetium, along with the valence 2p and 3p orbitals of fluorine, were included in the active space, allowing for the accurate description of static and dynamic correlation. The Lu(4F) + F(2P) channel has intersystem spin crossings with the Lu(2P) + F(2P) and Lu(2D) + F(2P) channels, which are discussed herein. To obtain spectroscopic constants, bond lengths, and excited states, multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) was used at a quadruple-ζ basis set level, correlating also the 4f electrons and corresponding orbitals. Core spin–orbit (C-MRCI) calculations were performed, revealing that 13Π0− is the first excited state closely followed by 13Π0+. In addition, the dissociation energy of LuF was determined at different levels of theory, with a range of basis sets. A balance between core correlation and a relativistic treatment of electrons is fundamental to obtain an accurate description of the dissociation energy. The best prediction was obtained with a combination of coupled-cluster single, double, and perturbative triple excitations /Douglas–Kroll–Hess third order Hamiltonian methods at a complete basis set level with a zero-point energy correction, which yields a dissociation value of 170.4 kcal mol−1. Dissociation energies using density functional theory were calculated using a range of functionals and basis sets; M06-L and B3LYP provided the closest predictions to the best ab initio calculations.
Differential Diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a diagnosis that is difficult for many physicians to make due to unfamiliarity with the diagnostic criteria, as well as the many potential diseases that it could be mistaken for. Many neurologic, vascular, inflammatory, myofascial, and psychiatric syndromes have the potential to be mistaken for CRPS because of symptomatic overlap. Utilizing the Budapest Criteria as the gold standard for CRPS diagnosis, as well as the various diagnostic criteria or clinical scenarios in which other pathologies occur, can help narrow the differential diagnosis in patients who are being considered as potentially having CRPS. The most common conditions often mistaken for CRPS will be discussed along with how to differentiate these diseases from CRPS using the Budapest Criteria along with clinical history and physical exam.
VossPlot: A software tool for scientific and technical graphics

VossPlot, or VP, is a software tool for scientific and technical graphics, the sort of 2-dimensional drawings that are used in many technical journals. It also includes many text processing, colour, mathematical manipulation and image display capabilities that make it useful for generating presentation graphics, including slides and overhead transparencies. VP offers interactive views and analysis of data as well as convenient composition of publication-quantity figures from the data. The user-controlled graphic attributes allow customized output to conform to the most exacting of publication sandards.