cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into how CMG helicase facilitates replication past DNA roadblocks

Before leaving the house, it is a good idea to check for road closures that may affect the morning commute. Otherwise, one may encounter significant delays arriving at the destination. While this is commonly true, motorists may be able to consult a live interactive traffic map and pick an alternate route or detour to avoid being late. However, this is not the case if one needs to catch the train which follows a single track to the terminus; if something blocks the track, there is a delay. Such is the case for the DNA replisome responsible for copying the genetic information that provides the recipe of life. When the replication machinery encounters a DNA roadblock, the outcome can be devastating if the obstacle is not overcome in an efficient manner. Fortunately, the cell's DNA synthesis apparatus can bypass certain DNA obstructions, but the mechanism(s) are still poorly understood. Very recently, two papers from the O'Donnell lab, one structural (Georgescu et al., 2017 [1]) and the other biochemical (Langston and O'Donnell, 2017 [2]), have challenged the conventional thinking of how the replicative CMG helicase is arranged on DNA, unwinds double-stranded DNA, and handles barricades in its path. These new findings raise important questions in the search for mechanistic insights into how DNA is copied, particularly when the replication machinery encounters a roadblock.
Neural Temporal Relation Extraction

We experiment with neural architectures for temporal relation extraction and establish a new state-of-the-art for several scenarios. We find that neural models with only tokens as input outperform state-of-the-art hand-engineered feature-based models, that convolutional neural networks outperform LSTM models, and that encoding relation arguments with XML tags outperforms a traditional position-based encoding.
Historical Memory as an Omitted Variable

This chapter introduces the main content and organization of the book. It outlines the difficulties of using historical memory as a variable for social science research. This chapter also discusses why the functions of historical memory are overlooked as an omitted variable and the reasons behind the lack of integrated research on historical memory.
Management of Infantile Hemangiomas of the Airway

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) of the airway are far less common than their cutaneous counterparts, and their symptoms mimic those of viral croup. As a result, by the time these lesions are diagnosed, they are often advanced and causing airway compromise. Fortunately, the evolution of propranolol as an effective and safe pharmacotherapy has simplified management of IH and reduced the likelihood of complications previously seen with steroid therapy and surgery. Nevertheless, the otolaryngologist must be prepared with an alternate plan to manage lesions refractory to pharmacotherapy. This article reviews the clinical presentation and current management of IHs of the airway.
Autonomy: What's Shared Decision Making Have to Do With It?

Ethicists have long promoted patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without experiencing undue influence from their health care providers. We have long be...
Christian Democratic Workers and the Forging of German Democracy, 1920–1980

Why has democracy flourished in the Federal Republic of Germany despite that country's troubled past? Exhaustive research in German historical archives illuminates the pivotal role played by the veterans of the Christian trade unions of the Weimar Republic, the only group to participate in both of Germany's most successful political experiments after 1945, a 'Christian Democratic' party to unite Catholics and Protestants, and unified labor unions for workers of all political outlooks. They perceived that feuds between the religious confessions and competition among three rival labor federations had greatly facilitated Hitler's rise, and they resolved to bridge both chasms. Playing an influential role on the left wing of the CDU from the 1950s to the 1970s, Christian laborites alleviated class conflict through new welfare programs and laws to grant workers a powerful voice in management decisions. They took the lead in forging the distinctive 'German Model' for labor relations.
Sols, Gels, and Organic Chemistry

The sol–gel process consists of two steps. First we form a sol. Then we transform it into a gel. In ceramic synthesis, two different sol–gel routes have been identified and depend on the gel structure.
Chronic cor pulmonale.

This chapter deals with chronic cor pulmonale. Acute cor pulmonale is discussed in Chapter 22, Pulmonary Embolism.
RADAR SOUNDER PLATFORMS AND SENSORS AT CRESIS

This paper presents recent updates to the CReSIS radar sensor package and the platforms supporting these sensors. These sensors cover a wide frequency range (14 MHz to 38 GHz). The specific frequency bands are chosen to balance between bandwidth available and signal penetration. The wide frequency range is also used for measuring different phenomenology. CReSIS has integrated these radar systems, including antennas, on a wide variety of fixed wing crewed aircraft, several UAV platforms, and for ground-based applications. The software for processing the radar data is now open source and an overview of the capabilities and how to access and use the software are presented. Finally, example data products which explore the new capabilities of the sensors and platforms are given.
Myth, history, and the origins of al-Andalus: a historiographical essay

This essay juxtaposes two recent efforts to demythologize the history of the origins of al-Andalus. Alejandro Garcia Sanjuan has called into question the continued usefulness of reconquista as a historical model, while Emilio Gonzalez Ferrin has gone further, challenging the very notion of an "Islamic conquest," which he regards as another misleading holdover from the past. Considering these two approaches side by side allows for a deeper appreciation of the challenges of demythologization in relation to the study of medieval Spanish history.
Corrosion-Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steels

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering.
Norwood Procedure With Left Ventricle Exclusion in Complex Single Ventricle Patients: A Novel Technique:

Background:Hypoplastic left heart disease and its variants complicated by severe semilunar and atrioventricular valve insufficiency are associated with a high mortality risk in utero and postnatall...
Aid-Initiated DNA Lesions Are Differentially Processed in Distinct B Cell Differentiation Stages in a Locus-Dependent Manner.

Abstract 2376 Activation induced deaminase (AID) initiates U:G mismatches that are subsequently converted into point mutations or DNA double-stranded breaks. AID-mediated DNA alterations in switch (S) regions at the Igh locus frequently occur in both antigen-stimulated germinal center (GC) B cells and cytokine-activated B cells. To investigate whether AID-initiated U:G lesions are differentially processed in a differentiation stage-specific manner at non-Ig loci to maintain genome stability, we established a knock-in model by inserting an Sg2b region into the first intron of proto-oncogene c-myc . We found that the inserted Sg2b region mutated at an extremely low level and did not enhance genomic instability of c-myc locus in antigen-stimulated GC B cells. In contrast, the inserted Sg2b region mutated more frequently and increased c-myc locus abnormalities in cytokine-activated B cells. Furthermore, uracil glycosylase deficiency led to increased mutation frequency at the c-myc locus. These results reveal that AID-initiated lesions are differentially processed via error-free or error-prone repair in a differentiation stage-specific and locus-dependent manner. Our data might provide mechanistic explanation for differential frequency of AID-mediated genetic alterations in distinct subtypes of common B cell lymphomas. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Role of particulate carbon dioxide on removal of Salmonella and Listeria attached to stainless steel surfaces

Abstract Attachment of bacteria to abiotic surfaces is the initial phase of attachment process which enables pathogens to persist in food processing environments. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of pressurized particulate carbon dioxide (PPCD) against cells of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes allowed to attach to stainless steel for 24 h. Model cell attachment systems were produced on stainless steel coupons and treated with PPCD for variable durations up to 10 s and employing multiple blast treatments. The reduction in attached cells recovered by surface swabbing was significantly affected by interaction of bacterium × treatment (p
A note on spanning K r -cycles in random graphs

We find a threshold for the existence of a collection of edge disjoint copies of Kr that form a cyclic structure and span all vertices of Gn, p. We use a recent result of Riordan to give a two line proof of the main result.
A Feasibility Test of an Online Class to Prevent Dating Violence for Autistic Youth: a Brief Report

The purpose of this brief report is to share the results of a feasibility test of a six-session online class on dating violence prevention for autistic adolescents. The feasibility of delivering the online intervention was tested with a sample of N = 11 autistic youth ages 15–19 years old. The intervention was delivered once a week for 6 weeks. Participants completed self-report surveys at baseline and approximately 6 weeks after baseline. Participants also participated in one-on-one telephone interviews approximately 2 weeks after the intervention. It was feasible to teach an online class to autistic adolescents about healthy dating relationships and dating violence. Participant feedback suggested the class was acceptable to users. Further, we found it was feasible to collect self-report survey data on dating violence-related topics from autistic youth using an internet platform. Although the study was not designed to test intervention efficacy, we did observe changes in participant opinions in the desired direction about the healthiness of dating behaviors. Autistic youth have romantic and sexual relationships and deserve the benefit of healthy relationships education that is designed for them and effective for them. The results of this feasibility test suggest it is possible to deliver an online class to autistic youth and to collect dating abuse-related data from them online, indicating that a larger-scale, two-group evaluation study is feasible and warranted.
Building an organizational digital twin

Abstract The increasing digitization of the economy means that a new digital resource—a digital twin of an organization—is now feasible. We suggest five principles that assist in the construction of an organizational digital twin and show how they combine into a dynamic evolutionary process that builds and maintains the digital twin incrementally. We also discuss the organizational implications of implementing a digital twin and how digital twins create value in an organization.
In defence of extrapolation but not improvisation in sars-cov-2 lung disease

Recently, the struggle against COVID-19 by respiratory and intensive care clinicians worldwide was punctuated by the sound of calls from a number of influential publications for an end to, as it were, improvisation and a return to principles of evidence-based medicine. The message was that management of SARS-CoV-2 lung disease needed to be guided strictly according to established dogma in acute respiratory distress syndrome unless supplanted by clinical trials specific to COVID-19. This position is predicated on the assumptions that knowledge about acute respiratory distress syndrome, and only about that entity, is directly translatable to SARS-CoV-2 lung disease, and that clinical trials enrolling COVID-19 patients will be completed in a sufficiently timely and rigorous fashion to influence empirical practice during the current pandemic. Clearly, there is room for an alternative perspective. In this Viewpoint, we aim to articulate a contrary point of view by resorting to arguments that are likely to resonate with frontline clinicians battling COVID-19.
Active SLAM using 3D Submap Saliency for Underwater Volumetric Exploration

In this paper, we present an active SLAM framework for volumetric exploration of 3D underwater environments with multibeam sonar. Recent work in integrated SLAM and planning performs localization while maintaining volumetric free-space information. However, an absence of informative loop closures can lead to imperfect maps, and therefore unsafe behavior. To solve this, we propose a navigation policy that reduces vehicle pose uncertainty by balancing between volumetric exploration and revisitation. To identify locations to revisit, we build a 3D visual dictionary from real-world sonar data and compute a metric of submap saliency. Revisit actions are chosen based on propagated pose uncertainty and sensor information gain. Loop closures are integrated as constraints in our pose-graph SLAM formulation and these deform the global occupancy grid map. We evaluate our performance in simulation and real-world experiments, and highlight the advantages over an uncertainty-agnostic framework.
Provider Satisfaction from a New Telepsychiatry Inpatient Consultation Service.

Background: Telepsychiatry is a well-studied modality that has been shown to perform as well as, if not better than, in-person mental health services. However, acceptability of this modality to pra...
MO‐D‐213‐05: Sensitivity of Routine IMRT QA Metrics to Couch and Collimator Rotations

Purpose: To assess the sensitivity of gamma index and other IMRT QA metrics to couch and collimator rotations. Methods: Two brain IMRT plans with couch and/or collimator rotations in one or more of the fields were evaluated using the IBA MatriXX ion chamber array and its associated software (OmniPro-I’mRT). The plans were subjected to routine QA by 1) Creating a composite planar dose in the treatment planning system (TPS) with the couch/collimator rotations and 2) Creating the planar dose after “zeroing” the rotations. Plan deliveries to MatriXX were performed with all rotations set to zero on a Varian 21ex linear accelerator. This in effect created TPS-created planar doses with an induced rotation error. Point dose measurements for the delivered plans were also performed in a solid water phantom. Results: The IMRT QA of the plans with couch and collimator rotations showed clear discrepancies in the planar dose and 2D dose profile overlays. The gamma analysis, however, did pass with the criteria of 3%/3mm (for 95% of the points), albeit with a lower percentage pass rate, when one or two of the fields had a rotation. Similar results were obtained with tighter criteria of 2%/2mm. Other QA metrics such as percentage difference or distance-to-agreement (DTA) histograms produced similar results. The point dose measurements did not obviously indicate the error due to location of dose measurement (on the central axis) and the size of the ion chamber used (0.6 cc). Conclusion: Relying on Gamma analysis, percentage difference, or DTA to determine the passing of an IMRT QA may miss critical errors in the plan delivery due to couch/collimator rotations. A combination of analyses for composite QA plans, or per-beam analysis, would detect these errors.
Sparse Resultant under Vanishing Coefficients

The main question of this paper is: What happens to the sparse (toric) resultant under vanishing coefficients? More precisely, let f1,…,fn be sparse Laurent polynomials with supports \cal A1,…,\cal An and let \tilde{\cal A}1 ⊃ \cal A1. Naturally a question arises: Is the sparse resultant of f1,f2,…,fn with respect to the supports \tilde{\cal A}1,\cal A2,…,\cal An in any way related to the sparse resultant of f1,f2,…,fn with respect to the supports \cal A1,\cal A2,…,\cal An? The main contribution of this paper is to provide an answer. The answer is important for applications with perturbed data where very small coefficients arise as well as when one computes resultants with respect to some fixed supports, not necessarily the supports of the fi's, in order to speed up computations. This work extends some work by Sturmfels on sparse resultant under vanishing coefficients. We also state a corollary on the sparse resultant under powering of variables which generalizes a theorem for Dixon resultant by Kapur and Saxena. We also state a lemma of independent interest generalizing Pedersen's and Sturmfels' Poisson-type product formula.
Friendship Networks and Delinquency: The Relative Nature of Peer Delinquency

Although acknowledging the importance of adolescent friendships in the etiology of delinquency, prior studies have yet to provide a detailed examination of the role of actual friendship networks in delinquency. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1995–1996), this study’s incorporation of friendship networks allows for a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of peer delinquency based on carefully defined networks of adolescent friendships. Findings illustrate that friendship networks are very heterogenous in terms of members’ participation in delinquent behavior with the majority of adolescents belonging to networks containing both delinquent and non-delinquent friends. In support of differential association’s premise that delinquent behavior is influenced by the ratio of definitions favorable to those unfavorable to law violation (Sutherland, 1947), the proportion of delinquent friends in a respondent’s network is most strongly associated with respondents’ subsequent delinquency. This relative measure of peer delinquency is preferable to a measure of the absolute level of delinquency occurring by friends, the average delinquency committed by friends, or the absolute number of delinquent friends. Enmeshment in a friendship network where consensus about the appropriateness of delinquency is maximized (i.e., all friends are delinquent or non-delinquent) most effectively constrains the behaviors of network members to resemble the groups’ behavior.
IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF THE NEWBORN INFANT.

IMMUNOLOGISTS have long been fascinated with the apparent immunologic incompetence of the mammalian neonate. At the turn of the century comparisons of various antibody titers in the blood of the mother and her offspring led Ehrlich and others to the firm conviction that the newborn mammal was dependent on a dowry of maternal antibodies for protection against the microbial insults of the extrauterine environment. Yet subsequent comparisons of human maternal and cord serum for their antibody content against a wide variety of antigens yielded a seemingly senseless patchwork of results. It became evident that certain antibodies such as those against viruses, Gram positive pathogens, bacterial toxins, and so-called blocking antibodies induced by the injection of allergens were efficiently transferred to the fetus, whereas atopic reagins and antibodies to the Gram negative enteric commensals and pathogens, the blood group substances, and the Wassermann and heterophile antigens were in the main barred from the fetal circulation.
Propulsion integration for military aircraft

The transonic aerodynamic characteristics for high-performance aircraft are significantly affected by shock-induced flow interactions as well as other local flow interference effects which usually occur at transonic speeds. These adverse interactions can not only cause high drag, but can cause unusual aerodynamic loadings and/or severe stability and control problems. Many new programs are underway to develop methods for reducing the adverse effects, as well as to develop an understanding of the basic flow conditions which are the primary contributors. It is anticipated that these new programs will result in technologies which can reduce the aircraft cruise drag through improved integration as well as increased aircraft maneuverability throughh the application of thrust vectoring. This paper will identify some of the primary propulsion integration problems for high performance aircraft at transonic speeds, and demonstrate several methods for reducing or eliminating the undesirable characteristics, while enhancing configuration effectiveness.
Applying total quality management to educational instruction

How can education service managers, administrators and teachers make educational instruction more effective? Can concepts fundamental to the total quality management (TQM) philosophy be applied to teaching? Just as managers often buy the most advanced equipment but fail to integrate it fully into their production process, so many administrators and educators hear and read about, and are able to identify with, the TQM philosophy in general, yet they remain wanting of an understanding of how it can be applied to teaching. Presents a framework for TQM‐oriented instruction in an attempt to serve this end. Presents the specific practices that constitute this approach as part of an effort to facilitate TQM‐driven instructional processes across educational levels and disciplines, and across nations. Assesses the effectiveness of TQM‐driven teaching through student feedback from course evaluations and administers an educational survey. The approach presented can serve as one benchmark for use in the process of re...
Holographic correlator array with selectable shift invariance

Optical holographic correlators can perform many correlations simultaneously. Because the output plane must be divided among the individual templates in the system, for many systems shift-invariance limits the number of correlation templates than can be stored in one correlator. When the system is completely shift-invariant, the correlation peak from one correlator can shift into an area that has been reserved for a different template; in this case, a shifted version of one object might be mistaken for a well-centered version of a different object. This paper describes a technique to control the shift-invariance of a correlator system by moving the holographic material away from the Fourier plane.
The changing discourse of Technology in Society in the 21st century: Identifying themes, broader questions and exploring the role of technocratic ideology

What are the themes and broad questions within these themes that have arisen within the discourse represented by Technology in Society? Is there any connecting ideology or methodology that crosses all of these themes? This study revealed that there were broad questions and themes that emerged in the international journal, Technology in Society from 2004–2015. Some of these broader thematic questions included: • What are the significant issues to be raised and debated about technology's power to influence human and natural environments? • Regarding ethics and values, how will the public understand science and technology as it continues to evolve? A content analysis conducted over the last decade of the journal identified broad categories and themes of interest to scholars. A more in-depth look at these themes, applying a theoretical framework called “epistemic strategies”, was used to construct the broader questions within these themes. In addition, this framework highlighted that there was an underlying epistemological ideology that crossed the manuscripts published regardless of their theme. This epistomology is referred to in the philosophy of science domain as “technocratic” ideology and is important to highlight as it impacts decision-making and scholarly thinking. By identifying this trend in broader questions as well as this underlying ideology, this study provides insight into the promise and real constraints of the ongoing study of technology in society.
Finite-Temperature Simulations for Magnetic Nanostructures

We examine different models and methods for studying finite-temperature magnetic hysteresis in nanoparticles and ultra-thin films. This includes micromagnetic results for the hysteresis of a single magnetic nanoparticle which is misaligned with respect to the magnetic field. We present results from both a representation of the particle as a one-dimensional array of magnetic rotors, and from full micromagnetic simulations. The results are compared with the Stoner-Wohlfarth model. Results of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-thin films are also presented. In addition, we discuss other topics of current interest in the modeling of magnetic hysteresis in nanostructures, including kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of dynamic phase transitions and First-Order Reversal Curves.
1,2‐Dimethoxyvinyllithium

[59648-89-4] C4H7LiO2 (MW 94.04) InChI = 1S/C4H7O2.Li/c1-5-3-4-6-2;/h3H,1-2H3; InChIKey = GUKLTQHAKQWMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form allylic alcohols;1 the functionally equivalent reagent, 2-lithio-1,4-dioxene, reacts with aldehydes, ketones, and methyl halides2, 3 to form allylic alcohols and methylated alkenes) Form Supplied in: prepared in situ and used directly. Preparative Method: prepared in situ under nitrogen by the reaction of 1,2-dimethoxyvinyl bromide in anhydrous ether at −70 °C with n-Butyllithium in hexane. 1,2-Dimethoxyvinyl bromide is obtained from the reaction at 0 °C of aqueous Glyoxal in methanol (2 equiv)/dichloromethane with Hydrogen Bromide gas, followed by dehydrohalogenation with sodium t-butoxide (1 equiv).1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: must be prepared and transferred under inert gas (N2 or Ar) to exclude oxygen and moisture.
Synthesis and intramolecular crosslinking of chlorambucilyl (prolyl)n [3H]phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe (yeast), n = 0, 5, 11 and 15.

Abstract Rigid, variable-length oligoproline crosslinking reagents, which we call molecular rulers, are a potentially powerful tool for probing the solution structures of tRNA and other biological macromolecules. We wish to demonstrate the feasibility of molecular rulers on a well-studied model system, yeast phenylalanine tRNA, before applying them to less well understood structures. We have found chlorambucil (4-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)butanoic acid) to be suitable for use as an alkylating function attached to the imino end of oligo- l -proline spacers which are peptide bonded at their carboxyl ends to the α-amine of [3H]Phe-tRNAPhe (yeast). Chlorambucil and chlorambucilyl oligoprolines may be readily and sensitively assayed by their alkylation kinetics with aqueous pyridine as measured by optical absorbance of the product. The pyridine reaction seemed to be first order in chlorambucil, k1 = (5.4 ± 1.0) · 10−3 min−1, zero order in pyridine, and was strongly inhibited by Me2SO. Filter assays of tRNA alkylation by chlorambucilyl [3H]prolyl proline suggested that this reaction is also first order in alkylation reagent, but somewhat dependent on tRNA concentration, and also strongly inhibited by Me2SO. Full alkylation activity was regained upon removal of Me2SO. Modification of [3H]Phe-tRNAPhe (yeast) with the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of chlorambucilyl (prolyl)n was accomplished with yields of 100% for n = 0, 92% for n = 5, 94% for n = 11 and 44% for n = 15, in 80% Me2SO or Me 2 SO CHCl 3 at pH 9, 37°C, conditions under which chlorambucil alkylation of tRNA is strongly inhibited. The rates of intramolecular crosslinking of chlorambucilyl (prolyl)n [3H]Phe-tRNAPhe (yeast) were measured assuming a first-order process, giving k1 = (5.3 ± 0.2) · 10−3 min−1 for n = 0, (3.2 ± 0.4) · 10−4 min−1 for n = 5, (6.8 ± 0.8) · 10−5 min−1 for n = 11 and (1.6 ± 0.4) · 10−4 min−1 for n = 15. Yields of intramolecularly crosslinked tRNA were 80% for n = 0 after 4 h in 10 mM NH 4 OAc (pH 6) 1 mM Mg(OAc) 2 at 37°C, 7% for n = 5, 3% for n = 11, and 5% for n = 15.
Choosing and using tools: Prior experience and task difficulty influence preschoolers’ tool-use strategies

Abstract Children's acquisition of tool use abilities is an important part of development but is not yet well understood. This study compares two modes of tool-use learning, observation and individual haptic experience. Two- and 3-year-olds had haptic experience with tools, observed tool use by others, had both haptic and observational experience, or no tool exposure. Their tool choice and use were evaluated across six problem-solving tasks that varied in degree of difficulty. Children learned about tools better by observation than by individual learning through manual exploration. Performance also varied by task difficulty, with more complex tasks proving more difficult. Findings are discussed from cognitive and evolutionary perspectives.
Ozone-induced airway inflammation in human subjects as determined by airway lavage and biopsy

Ozone (O3) is a major constituent of urban air pollution. The acute effects of the inhalation of O3 at ambient or near-ambient concentrations on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) end points consistent with a distal lung inflammatory response have been well documented in human subjects. Animal toxicologic studies have shown that the airway is also a major site of O3-induced injury and inflammation. To date, no studies have confirmed this finding in human subjects. Effects of O3 on the proximal airways are not adequately studied by BAL, which is primarily influenced by events occurring in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. We hypothesized that O3 causes injury and inflammation in the airways in addition to that previously documented to occur in the distal lung. We performed isolated lavage of the left mainstem bronchus and forceps biopsy of the bronchial mucosa in a group of 14 healthy, athletic subjects 18 h after exposure to 0.20 ppm O3 for 4 h during moderate exercise in order to assess this possibility. W...
Experimental study of I–V characteristics of dc magnetron sputtering sources

Abstract In this paper we discuss the influence of the operating pressure on the I–V characteristics and calculate the I–V characteristics in the cylindrical magnetron sputtering sources. It is shown that calculated values are basically in agreement with those measured. This study allows to analyse I–V characteristics in cylindrical magnetron sputtering sources. According to both the calculation and the experimental results the optimum process parameters of the source are given.
Finite deformations of full sine-wave St.-Venant beam due to tangential and normal distributed loads using nonlinear TSNDT

We analyze deformations of a beam initially in the form of a full sine wave and loaded by distributed tangential and normal surface tractions with the goal of finding how the beam curvature and the consideration of all nonlinearities affect the maximum values of stresses and deflections. The curvature of the beam in the left half is opposite of that in the right half of the beam, and the radius of curvature varies from point to point. The problem has been analyzed by using the third order shear and normal deformable beam theory (TSNDT) that accounts for all geometric nonlinearities. The beam material is St. Venant–Kirchhoff for which the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor is a linear function of the Green–Lagrange strain tensor. It is found that for quasistatic deformation with non-dimensional pressure, $$ \bar{q}_{0} = \frac{{q_{0} {\mathbb{L}}^{4} }}{{100E_{L} H^{4} }} = 2. 6 $$ , the axial stress at the point $$ \left( {\frac{{3{\mathcal{L}}}}{4},\frac{H}{2}} \right) $$ from the nonlinear theory equals nearly 4 times that from the linear theory. The lateral deflection at the point $$ \left( {\frac{{3{\mathcal{L}}}}{4},0} \right) $$ from the nonlinear theory is about 1.5 times that from the linear theory. Here q 0 is the uniform pressure applied on the bottom surface of the beam, E L Young’s modulus in the longitudinal direction for infinitesimal deformations, H the beam height, $$ {\mathbb{L}}^{ } $$ the horizontal distance between the two end faces, and $$ {\mathcal{L}} $$ the arc length. Significant features of the work include using the TSNDT, accounting for all geometric nonlinearities, using a materially objective constitutive relation, considering curvature varying from positive to negative, and applying both tangential and normal surface tractions.
A Lagrangian approach for storage of spatio-temporal network datasets: a summary of results

Given a set of operators and a spatio-temporal network, the goal of the Storing Spatio-Temporal Networks (SSTN) problem is to produce an efficient data storage method that minimizes disk I/O access costs. Storing and accessing spatio-temporal networks is increasingly important in many societal applications such as transportation management and emergency planning. This problem is challenging due to strains on traditional adjacency list representations when storing temporal attribute values from the sizable increase in length of the time-series. Current approaches for the SSTN problem focus on orthogonal partitioning (e.g., snapshot, longitudinal, etc.), which may produce excessive I/O costs when performing traversal-based spatio-temporal network queries (e.g., route evaluation, arrival time prediction, etc) due to the desired nodes not being allocated to a common page. We propose a Lagrangian-Connectivity Partitioning (LCP) technique to efficiently store and access spatio-temporal networks that utilizes the interaction between nodes and edges in a network. Experimental evaluation using the Minneapolis, MN road network showed that LCP outperforms traditional orthogonal approaches.
Chronic ethanol consumption decreases the phorbol ester binding to membranal but not cytosolic protein kinase C in rat brain.

Abstract We examined the effect of 60 days of ethanol treatment on protein kinase C (PKC) in membrane and cytosolic fractions of the rat cerebral cortex. Membranal and cytosolic PKC were determined by binding technique using [ 3 H]-phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBU) as radioligand and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) as displacer. Chronic ethanol consumption resulted in a decrease in the maximum number of binding sites ( B rmmax ) of [ 3 H]-PDBU binding to membranal PKC without significant change in the apparent dissociation constant ( K rmD ) in the rat cortex. We also observed that chronic ethanol consumption had no significant effect on B rmmax or K rmD of [ 3 H]-PDBU binding to cytosolic PKC in the rat cerebral cortex. These results suggest that chronic ethanol consumption leads to the down-regulation of brain PKC associated with membrane but not with cytosol.
Exploring potential research contributions to policy: the Salud America! Experience.

Background Increasingly, funders expect that public health researchers will include policy contributions as outcomes. Lack of agreement as to what constitutes a policy contribution of research provides little conceptual or implementation guidance to researchers who lack policy training, as well as to evaluators called on to assess "good" policy contribution. Purpose This study applies a previously developed policy framework to explore potential policy contributions from research conducted by 20 principal investigators of Salud America! , the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) Research Network to Prevent Obesity Among Latino Children. Methods The literature-driven "Policy Contribution Spectra" served as the conceptual framework to jointly develop 20 cases of potential policy contribution. Data collection included document reviews and interviews. Data analysis included within- and cross-case analyses, member checking, data triangulation, and expert reviews. Results Plotting all 20 projects on the Policy Contribution Spectra showed projects have the potential to contribute to policy across intervention types (e.g., needs assessment or applied research); levels (e.g., local or state); timing (e.g., before or after policy enactment); and outcomes (e.g., process action or health benefits). Potential policy contributions on the Spectra framework were shown as multidirectional; multilayered (e.g., simultaneous state and local action); and multidimensional (e.g., multiple strategies aimed at multiple stakeholders). Conclusions The Policy Contribution Spectra adds a useful policy lens to existing public health practice by enabling researchers, funders, advocates, and evaluators to visualize, reframe, discuss, and communicate with policymakers and the public to resolve important public health issues.
On a class of secant-like methods for solving nonlinear equations

We provide a semilocal convergence analysis for a certain class of secant-like methods considered also in Argyros (J Math Anal Appl 298:374–397, 2004, 2007), Potra (Libertas Mathematica 5:71–84, 1985), in order to approximate a locally unique solution of an equation in a Banach space. Using a combination of Lipschitz and center-Lipschitz conditions for the computation of the upper bounds on the inverses of the linear operators involved, instead of only Lipschitz conditions (Potra, Libertas Mathematica 5:71–84, 1985), we provide an analysis with the following advantages over the work in Potra (Libertas Mathematica 5:71–84, 1985) which improved the works in Bosarge and Falb (J Optim Theory Appl 4:156–166, 1969, Numer Math 14:264–286, 1970), Dennis (SIAM J Numer Anal 6(3):493–507, 1969, 1971), Kornstaedt (1975), Larsonen (Ann Acad Sci Fenn, A 450:1–10, 1969), Potra (L’Analyse Numerique et la Theorie de l’Approximation 8(2):203–214, 1979, Aplikace Mathematiky 26:111–120, 1981, 1982, Libertas Mathematica 5:71–84, 1985), Potra and Ptak (Math Scand 46:236–250, 1980, Numer Func Anal Optim 2(1):107–120, 1980), Schmidt (Period Math Hung 9(3):241–247, 1978), Schmidt and Schwetlick (Computing 3:215–226, 1968), Traub (1964), Wolfe (Numer Math 31:153–174, 1978): larger convergence domain; weaker sufficient convergence conditions, finer error bounds on the distances involved, and a more precise information on the location of the solution. Numerical examples further validating the results are also provided.
Pharmacologic strategies for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Abstract Objective This paper presents a synopsis of the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the efficacy, safety, and cost of the agents commonly used in its treatment. Background Symptomatic relief of GERD can be obtained with lifestyle changes (avoidance of factors that may exacerbate symptoms, such as overeating and use of alcohol and tobacco) and use of over-the-counter medications such as antacids or histamine-2 (H 2 )-receptor antagonists. When these measures are unsuccessful, treatment with prescription-strength medications is required to prevent complications, such as Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods Current guidelines for the management of GERD were identified through a MEDLINE ® search of the English-language literature from January 1995 through December 1999 and a search of the bibliographies of identified articles. Conclusion Patients who do not respond to initial therapy should be managed with prescription-strength H 2 -receptor antagonists. Endoscopy should be considered for patients with atypical or refractory symptoms. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of refractory GERD, severe esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, or peptic stricture should be treated with and maintained on a proton-pump inhibitor.
Didactic and experiential interprofessional, inter-institutional courses at a private college of pharmacy

Creating opportunities for students of multiple health professions to achieve the interprofessional competencies is critical to prepare them to enter the health care system and provide effective team-based care. Challenges can be experienced by any health profession school when establishing these opportunities; independent, private schools with limited health profession degrees may experience even greater difficulty. As an independent, private college, St. Louis College of Pharmacy (STLCOP) has successfully created interprofessional courses with three neighboring schools. In Interprofessional Team Seminar (IPTS), students participate in an interprofessional experience at St. Louis University (SLU) as part of the required Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience in professional year (PY)-3. SLU students enrolled in medicine, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, social work, and physician assistant programs join with STLCOP student pharmacists to discuss patient cases with an emphasis on patient safety, prioritizing goals, and teamwork. An elective course, “Indigent Populations: Focus on Health Literacy” is co-coordinated with Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) and Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College (GSN) faculty and allows PY-2 and PY-3 student pharmacists to work collaboratively with students from GSN to serve the homeless in the city. The aim is to describe lessons learned and share strategies for successful interprofessional education design and implementation among similar institutions.
Personally Speaking: We Are All TAPs (Temporarily Able Persons)

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085-1699.
Restoration of video imagery by intensity-dependent spatial summation

A contrast-enhancement algorithm is described which avoids the 'flat', noisy appearance often produced by histogram equalization. This algorithm is based upon the Intensity-dependent spatial summation (IDS) model proposed by Cornsweet and Yellott to explain certain effects in human vision. However, where IDS collapses quantization levels except at edges and histogram equalization collapses some quantization levels in the process of expanding others, our algorithm largely preserves the original brightness gradations as it expands them. Thus, the shape-from-shading cues so important to the perception of form and contour are preserved. Also, this technique, in some cases, enhances high frequency noise to a far lesser extent than does histogram equalization.
Sensible Matchmaking: Qualitative Research Design and the Program Evaluation Standards

Abstract In this article, a welcome move by educational evaluators away from positivistic models of research is discussed. This move reflects prior epistemological shifts in the social and physical sciences. Most important to qualitative researchers is the Standards' new focus on the human aspects of evaluation, validity, and meaning and a broadened definition of what constitutes legitimate data collection and data analysis techniques. The author acknowledges how evaluators have incorporated subjectivities into research design and qualified their absolute criterion of objective evaluation while spelling out clear guidelines for documentation of all stakeholder perspectives. This analysis is from the perspective of the author's experiences with both traditional and qualitative evaluation research projects.
Ties that Truly Bind: Noncompetition Agreements, Executive Compensation, and Firm Investment

We study the effects of noncompetition agreements by analyzing time-series and cross-sectional variation in the enforceability of these contracts across US states. We find that tougher noncompetition enforcement promotes executive stability. Increased enforceability also results in reduced executive compensation and shifts its form toward greater use of salary. We further show that stricter enforcement reduces capital expenditures per employee. These results are consistent with a model in which enforceable noncompetition contracts encourage firms to invest in their managers' human capital. On the other hand, our findings suggest that these contracts also discourage managers from investing in their own human capital and that this second effect is empirically dominant. The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Yale University. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism through which parental magnification of sadness increases risk for binge eating and limited control of eating behaviors.

Abstract The present study examined whether emotion dysregulation mediates the relation between parent responses to emotion and disordered eating behaviors (e.g., binge eating and compensatory actions). One hundred eighteen college students (48% racial/ethnic minority; mean age = 21) reported on their current difficulties regulating emotions, current disordered eating behaviors, and perceptions of their parents' responses to their emotions when they were growing up. Five parental response types to two emotions and three types of disordered eating behaviors (i.e., binge eating, compensatory actions, and lack of control) were assessed. Difficulties regulating emotion partially mediated the relation of parental magnification of sadness (i.e., matching with greater intensity) to binge eating and limited control of eating behaviors. This study identified a specific parenting practice which may contribute to the development of disordered eating behaviors and a potential mechanism to explain this relation. These findings also highlight family emotion-related processes as important for better understanding disordered eating behaviors.
Construction of Youden hyperrectangles

Abstract Youden hyperrectangles are higher-dimensional generalizations of balanced block designs and generalized Youden designs. This kind of design has been shown to be optimal for the elimination of multi-way heterogeneity. In this paper, patchwork and geometric methods are combined to construct Youden hyperrectangles for many parameter values.
Numerical Simulations for Digitized Heat Transfer

This paper presents estimates of heat removal capabilities of a Digitized Heat Transfer (DHT) cooled device, a novel active thermal management technique for high power density electronics and integrated microsystems. In DHT, thermal energy is transported by a discrete array of electrostatically activated microdroplets of liquid metals, alloys or aqueous solutions with the potential of supporting significantly higher heat transfer rates than classical air-cooled heat sinks. Actuation methods for dispensing and transporting individual fluid slugs with a high degree of precision and programmability are described, and numerical results for the amount of heat flux removal a DHT device can obtain are presented.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Hospital Charges, Length of Stay, and Outcomes of Hospital Readmissions in the First Two Years after Pediatric Heart Transplantation

Purpose Hospital readmissions are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and costs. Additionally, readmission rate is often considered a quality indicator. There are limited data on the burden or outcomes of hospital readmissions after pediatric heart transplantation (HT). We tested the hypothesis that hospital readmissions are frequent and costly after pediatric HT. Methods and Materials A retrospective study of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was performed for patients undergoing HT from 2000 to 2008. The PHIS is a large administrative database of 43 participating children’s hospitals across the United States. Results There were 8,581 readmissions (mean 14 per patient) within two years of HT among 633 recipients, with a majority (62%) occurring in the first year. Common etiologies of readmissions included cardiac/vascular (39%), infection (7%), and fluids / nutritional / gastrointestinal (7%). Most hospitalizations were brief (85% Conclusions Readmissions occur frequently in the first two years after pediatric HT. Although mortality is low, health care utilization is high with the total hospital charges nearing $100 million in the 633 patients evaluated. Further study is needed to understand and ease the total burden of disease on pediatric HT patients and their families.
Transformation Strengthening of β″Al2O3 with Tetragonal ZrO2

The solid sodium electrolyte β″-Al2O3 (Li-stabilized) was strengthened with additions of tetragonal ZrO2 (15 vol%). The conductivity of this composite material, measured in an Na/Na cell, was 7.7 Ω· at 300°C. Average values of strength and the critical stress intensity factor were 350 MPa and 4.5 MPa·m1/2, respectively, for the sintered composite material.