cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polarized monolayer cultures of human intestinal epithelial cell lines exposed to intractable proteins - In vitro hazard identification studies

• Intractable proteins did not produce adverse effects toward human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) monolayers.
Literacy Narratives and Confidence Building in the Writing Classroom

The literacy narrative can make a unique contribution to composition studies, illustrating both how our culture inhibits literacy and how people overcome difficult obstacles in learning to read and write. Literacy narratives highlight for writing teachers the life les- sons that have advanced people toward their literacy goals. These stories are often about the struggle for and triumph of confidence. Correspondingly, as a pedagogical tool, reading and writing literacy narratives may serve to build confidence in some of our least comfortable students. However, literacy narratives can present obstacles to school literacy as well. Some students are likely to have difficulty identifying with the narrators. Furthermore, when its characteristic values and conventions conflict with a student's cultural orality, the genre can have an alienating effect. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using literacy narratives in the writing classroom. My intention is to provide an overview of how well literacy narratives can help students overcome cultural obstacles to writing in college. Scholars devoted to multicultural education have made it their project to promote pedagogies that account for and appreciate the differences among those in the classroom. Students arrive on campus with many perceptions of how they differ from the school community. In particular, students may feel that their familiar use of language will not be valued by college professors. Pedagogies influenced by multicultural studies would ideally relieve this alienation by making students see how their differences fit into the course work. This attention to the student's perceived position in relation to the academic realm suggests that the beginning point for teaching is next to the student. Bonnie Lisle and Sandra Mano, in their vision of a multicultural rhetoric, argue that students should be given opportunities to write about their cultural heritages and identities to make them feel more comfortable writing in a college setting (21). Unavoidably, students must develop their "academic voices" out of the identities they bring with them to college;
Risk Mitigation of Production Hedging

This study examines how a firm can mitigate global economic risk through production hedging, defined as producing less than the total demand. We investigate a firm's production planning, pricing, and financial hedging decisions under exchange rate and demand uncertainty with the objective of maximizing expected profit while complying with a value-at-risk (VaR) constraint that limits the firm's losses in amount and probability. The study makes three contributions. First, we show that production hedging, when compared to matching demand with production, can substantially reduce risk both from VaR and conditional-VaR perspectives while increasing expected profit. Our second contribution relates to the optimal pricing decisions. When a firm has pricing flexibility, it is commonly expected that the optimal price would increase under production hedging. Our study, however, shows that production hedging causes the firm to decrease the optimal price below the riskless price in order to benefit from exchange rate fluctuations. The pressure from risk aversion on the optimal price decision is not one directional, and can lead to both an increase and a decrease in price. Third, our work examines the interactions between financial hedging and production hedging. It identifies when financial hedging serves as a complement, and when as a substitute, to production hedging. Our work shows that financial hedging cannot always eliminate production hedging from being an optimal solution.
Rare Earth Elements in Fly Ashes as Potential Indicators of Anthropogenic Soil Contamination

Studies of rare earth element (REE) content of disposed fly ashes and their potential mobility were neglected for decades because these elements were believed to be environmentally benign. A number of recent studies have now shown that REE may pose a long-term risk to the biosphere. Therefore, there is a critical need to study the REE concentrations in fly ash and their potential mobilization and dispersal upon disposal in the environment. We analyzed the REE content of bulk, size fractionated, and density separated fractions of three fly ash samples derived from combustion of sub bituminous coals from the western United States and found that the concentrations of these elements in bulk ashes were within the range typical of fly ashes derived from coals from the North American continent. The concentrations of light rare earth elements (LREE) such as La, Ce, and Nd, however, tended towards the higher end of the concentration range whereas, the concentrations of middle rare earth elements (MREE) (Sm and Eu) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) (Lu) were closer to the lower end of the observed range for North American fly ashes. The concentrations of REE did not show any significant enrichment with decreasing particle size, this is typical of nonvolatile lithophilic element behavior during the combustion process. The lithophilic nature of REE was also confirmed by their concentrations in heavy density fractions of these fly ashes being on average about two times more enriched than the concentrations in the light density fractions. Shale normalized average of REE concentrations of fly ashes and coals revealed significant positive anomalies for Eu and Dy. Because of these distinctive positive anomalies of Eu and Dy, we believe that fly ash contamination of soils can be fingerprinted and distinguished from other sources of anthropogenic REE inputs in to the environment.
Nuclear Data Sheets for170Lu

Abstract Nuclear structure data pertaining to 170 Lu have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation of 170 Lu supersedes the previous publication (C. Baglin, Nuclear Data Sheets 77, 125 (1996) (literature cutoff date October 1995)), and includes literature available by 8 Otober 1998.
High Fidelity MMI Excitation Patterns for Optofluidic Multiplexing

High fidelity interference patterns from multimode interference waveguides are needed for multiplexed optofluidic biosensors. Spot pattern fidelity can be optimized by careful design of the single-mode waveguides used to excite the multimode waveguides.
Introduction and Basic Risk Models

What is health risk analysis, and what can it potentially be to make it most valuable to public health decision-makers and other health risk managers? This book develops an answer based on the following ideas. A health risk describes the potential for a hazard — the source of the risk — to adversely affect the health of those exposed to it. Not all of the possible health outcomes are equally valued. A health risk increases the probabilities of some of the less preferred outcomes, such as shorter lives or more frequent illnesses. Quantitative health risk analysis determines by how much different actions change the potentials for various outcomes to occur and quantifies uncertainty about the answers. It helps to identify actions that lead to more preferred probabilities for consequences.
Crystalline representations and F -crystals

Following ideas of Berger and Breuil, we give a new classification of crystalline representations. The objects involved may be viewed as local, characteristic 0 analogues of the “shtukas” introduced by Drinfeld. We apply our results to give a classification of p-divisible groups and finite flat group schemes, conjectured by Breuil, and to show that a crystalline representation with Hodge-Tate weights 0, 1 arises from a p-divisible group, a result conjectured by Fontaine.
When Sending Flowers Is Not Enough: The Eldercare Dilemma in the Workplace

This chapter examines issues associated with eldercare responsibilities for working caregivers and organizations. Eldercare programs and benefits are explored from caregiver and organizational perspectives. Attitudes concerning the benefits and costs of eldercare programs are also examined. Finally, eldercare programs and benefits are examined through the ethical prism of justice. As organizations respond to the needs of employees with eldercare responsibilities, they will face dilemmas related to the fairness of their policies and benefits across all levels of employment.
Strange Oscillations in Chemical Reactions—Observations and Models

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses models of strange oscillations in chemical reactions. Open chemically reacting systems are known to exhibit a variety of intriguing behavioral features including hysteresis phenomena and sustained, self-generated oscillations. Examples of such systems are most abundant in biological processes; however, occurrences in nonbiological reacting systems are not rare by any means. The subject of oscillatory chemical reactions is important in cases of reactions, which are catalyzed on solid surfaces because solid-catalyzed reactions are of major importance in chemical process applications and the reaction kinetic models, generally considered to be descriptive of catalytic rate processes, fail to describe oscillatory behavior. New and important information regarding catalytic reaction mechanisms and models can result from research, which couples experimental observations with theoretical predictions. The existence of unique and unstable steady states gives rise to complex oscillations over a portion of the parameter space.
Exilios en sentido inverso: España como espacio fronterizo en Exils de Tony Gatlif (2004)

Recentment, la tendencia que introdueix figures literaries al cinema Peninsular i que s'ha identificat sota el nom de tercer cinema va enriquir les perspectives critiques quant a l'analisi d'obres transnacionals representant la realitat multicultural espanyola. La pel·licula Exils de Tony Gatlif es un bon exemple de com aquest cinema pot alhora portar les ambicions de la literatura mes enlla i proposar un discurs sobre la questio de l'exili, a traves de la historia de dos joves que decideixen creuar totes les fronteres entre Paris i Alger, caminant en el sentit invers dels immigrants en la Peninsula Iberica. Aquest article analitza com Espanya es representa com a espai fronterer que els dos exiliats han de travessar per reconstruir la seva identitat fragmentada.
Spaces of BV and AC Functions

Functions of bounded variation and functions which are absolutely continuous play an important role in applications such as partial differential equations and calculus of variations. To study the properties of these classes of functions requires the introduction of a norm on each space. One such norm on BV was introduced in §6.3. This chapter is devoted to discussing other norms on these two function spaces. The topologies induced by these norms have ramifications in the study of the concepts of bounded variation and absolute continuity for functions of several variables. We begin first with some convergence results.
Perceived peer norms and alcohol use among college students in China.

Abstract Introduction Currently, there has been little research on peer drinking norms with non-English speaking college populations. Using a Chinese college student sample, the present study investigated perceived peer norms and their associations with individual alcohol-related behaviors. Methods Past six-month drinkers (n = 436, 50% men, mean age = 20.49) recruited from one college in China took an anonymous paper-and-pencil survey. To examine the differences in alcohol-related behaviors among groups, one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square tests were conducted. To investigate the associations between perceived peer norms and individual alcohol-related behaviors, sequential linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results There were overall mean differences in alcohol use among participants, perceived best friends, and perceived average student for both men (F (1.98, 421.06) = 13.12, p Conclusions Replication research is needed to inform social norms interventions for Chinese college students.
Studying α-Synuclein Conformation by Intact-Cell Cross-Linking

β-Sheet-rich aggregates of α-synuclein (αS) are the hallmark neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies, whereas the native conformations of αS in healthy cells are under debate. Cross-linking analyses in intact cells detect a large portion of endogenous αS in apparent multimeric states, most notably as putative tetramers (αS60) that run around 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE, but also point at the dynamic nature of cellular αS states. Standardization of αS cross-linking methods will facilitate efforts to study the effects of genetic, pharmacological, and environmental factors on αS conformation. Here, we present detailed protocols for cross-linking cellular αS multimers in cultured cells and brain tissues. These protocols will benefit future studies aimed at characterizing αS conformation in its cellular environment, both at steady state and upon perturbation, be it chronic or acute.
Multiple sclerosis relapses contribute to long-term disability.

Background Treatments affect both relapse-related disability and short-term disability change, but measurements of their impact on long-term outcomes remain a challenge. Objective To ascertain the contribution of relapse-associated disability to overall disability in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis (RMS) using long-term data collected in our clinic. Materials and methods Retrospective study of a cohort of newly diagnosed patients with RMS, (n = 176) was undertaken, measuring all confirmed changes in disability up to 15 years after onset. Worsening was assessed yearly and in 5-year epochs and was attributed to either relapse (RW) or slow progression (PW). Results At data lock, 139/176 (81%) of patients were still actively followed, with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) available for 10 years post-onset in 145/176 (82%) patients and 15 years post-onset EDSS in 83 patients (mean follow-up entire group 12.7 years post-onset). RW accounted for a large amount of worsening seen in the first 15 years of RMS. RW was less frequent over time, but accounted for most EDSS changes in the first decade of MS (167/267, 63% of EDSS changes), and remained important even in years 11-15 (17/50, 34% of EDSS changes). Median change in disability due to RW vs PW was similar over the entire 15 years. Conclusions Worsening of treated MS was associated with relapses in many RMS patients throughout the first 15 years after onset, suggesting an opportunity for long-term benefit through relapse reduction.
Information vetting as a key component in social-mediated crisis communication: An exploratory study to examine the initial conceptualization

Abstract In order to understand publics’ crisis information consumption in an increasingly competitive and conflicting media environment, this study addresses how and why individuals vet information (or not) in social-mediated crisis situations. Built upon the social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) model as well as grounded in the elaboration likelihood model and the meta-cognition theory, this study proposes an initial conceptual framework of crisis information vetting. An exploratory study, including four focus groups and 13 in-depth interviews, was conducted to investigate: 1) indicators of information vetting behavior according to participants’ self-reported experiences; and 2) what motivate and what prohibit participants from engaging themselves emotionally and cognitively in the process of crisis information vetting. Our qualitative data provide evidences for a two-step process of crisis information vetting, namely, primary vetting and secondary vetting. The 14 sub-constructs and 48 vetting behavior indicators rendered may serve in future scale development and further conceptual model refinement of the new crisis information vetting construct. By connecting publics’ crisis information consumption with their crisis information transmission in social-mediated crisis communication, this study also extends and enriches the SMCC model.
I Love Nephrology, but Should I Be a Nephrologist? An Early Career Trainee Perspective.

“Just follow your heart, do what makes you happy” is the unsolicited career guidance that medical trainees will receive by almost everyone they come across. Happiness is the ultimate goal when it comes to making career decisions, right? I am a postdoctoral researcher interested in kidney disease
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intermediates and C-H Activation Products of Sequential Zr+ Reactions with CH4.

Vibrational spectra of the entrance channel complexes Zr+(CH4)n(Ar) (n = 1-2) and Zr+(CH4)n (n = 3-4) and the reaction products ZrC3H10+, ZrC4H13+, ZrC4H14+, and ZrC4H15+ in the C-H stretching region (2550-3100 cm-1) are obtained using photofragment spectroscopy. The experimental spectra and simulations based on calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory work together to identify the structures of the ions. The n = 1-3 entrance channel complexes show peaks around 2800 and 3000 cm-1 which indicates methane η3 hydrogen coordination, while the n = 4 complex has two peaks around 2800 cm-1 indicative of methane η2 hydrogen coordination. Observation of the low-frequency C-H stretch of an agostic carbene group, as well as the high-frequency H-H stretch, also confirms production of (H2)ZrCH2+(CH4)n-1 (n = 1-2) exit channel complexes. The observed C-H activation products formally correspond to loss of H2 from Zr+(CH4)3 and loss of H, H2, and H2 + H from Zr+(CH4)4. Comparison of experiment and simulations indicates that the activation products are Zr(CH3)2+(CH4), Zr(CH3)3+(CH4), Zr(CH3)2+(CH4)2, and HZrCH2+(CH4)3 and/or ZrCH3+(CH4)3.
An(im)alogical Thinking: Contemporary Black Literature and the Dreaded Comparison

Claire Jean Kim and Benedicte Boisseron have demonstrated the dreaded comparison has become such an entrenched strategy that it continues to inform the ways we envision animal and human liberation alike. Yet, as Spiegel acknowledges, “many people might feel that it is insulting to compare the suffering of non-human animals to that of humans” because it “[implies] that the oppressions experienced by blacks and animals have taken identical forms.” That is, what makes this comparison “dreaded,” is its potential to trivializeblack suffering, even as it amplifies the material ties between human and animal oppression. Indeed, while animal rights advocates like PETA have contributed significantly to animal welfare debates, they have also embraced the post-Reconstruction assumption that the comprehensive emancipation of black communities was a fait accompli. The dreaded comparison, as Alexander Weheliye notes in Habeas Viscus, too often “[presumes] that we have now entered a stage in human development where all subjects have been granted equal access to western humanity.” In this light, I ask: how do our understandings of the animal and the human shift if we approach the dreaded comparison through the lens of black literature rather than the conventional assumptions of animal rights discourse? By engaging the Afrofuturist novels of Kiese Laymon and Nalo Hopkinson, this essay investigates some of the ways that contemporary writers of the African diaspora restage the moral, philosophical, and political coordinates of the dreaded comparison. In doing so, I track the emergence of an alternative mode of comparison and relationality, an an(im)alogical thinking, that reveals how the slave serves as an organizing principle for the animal-human divide.
Chronic pain and weight regain in a lifestyle modification trial.

Objective Obesity and chronic pain often co-occur and exert bidirectional influences on one another. How patients with obesity and chronic pain respond to weight loss treatments, however, remains unclear. This study evaluated body weight, physical activity, and diet outcomes in participants with and without chronic pain in a 2-year behavioral weight loss trial. Methods An analytical cohort of 397 adults was assembled from a Midwestern healthcare system that participated in the larger trial. Participants with chronic pain 1 year prior to, or during, the trial were identified using a validated medical records algorithm. Mixed models were used to estimate changes in outcomes over 24 months. Results One-third of participants (n = 130) had chronic pain. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and trial arm, weight loss was similar in both groups at 6-months (-7.0 ± 0.8 kg with chronic pain vs. -7.7 ± 0.6 kg without). Participants with chronic pain had significantly less weight loss at 24-months relative to those without (-3.6 ± 0.5 vs. -5.2 ± 0.4 kg; p = 0.007). Physical activity, screen time, dietary fat, fruit/vegetable consumption, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake improved similarly in both groups over time. Conclusions Participants with chronic pain lost ∼33% less weight over 2 years, which was driven by greater weight regain after the first 6 months. Future research should test tailored weight loss maintenance strategies for individuals with chronic pain.
Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life Before and After Primary Total Knee Replacement for Patients From Diverse Geographic Regions.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patient-reported knee function and health status before and after primary total knee replacement (TKR) at an academic medical center differs among patients from diverse geographic regions. Methods We assessed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as measured by the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) in 2855 TKR patients at preprimary and one year postprimary TKR procedure between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2014. We compared the demographic characteristics, response rates, and changes in OKS, EQ-5D, and EQ visual analog scale among local, regional, and national patient groups. Patient- or hospital-related predictors of the postoperative scores were identified after controlling for preoperative scores on the PRO measures. Results Local patients had more comorbid conditions. Groups were similar in clinical outcomes such as length of stay at hospital, complication, and reoperation rates. Local, regional, and national patients had similar response rates and reported a similar level of knee function and health-related quality of life before and after TKR. Eighty nine percent had clinically important improvement on OKS, 69% on EQ-5D index, and 28% EQ visual analog scale, and there were no differences among groups in the proportions of clinically meaningful change. Better postoperative PRO scores were associated with older age, shorter hospital stay, fewer comorbidities, nonsmoking status, fewer complications, and private health insurance. Conclusion Some patient characteristics such as comorbidities were greater in the local patient cohort versus the national cohort. Nevertheless, clinical outcomes and PROs were comparable across all geographic tiers.
Evaluation of One Program's Use of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine Resident Curriculum.

Abstract Purpose The publicly available Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) Resident Curriculum provides resources for blended learning. This report presents a formal evaluation of this blended learning curriculum. Methods We adapted the SAHM curriculum for a required four-week rotation for pediatricians in training. We selected webinars, videos, articles, and Web sites from the SAHM curriculum to complement the local clinical context. We evaluated the effectiveness of our curriculum using resident pre- and post-self-assessments, weekly knowledge quizzes, and a standardized patient encounter. Results Resident self-assessment improved in all domains except managing urologic conditions. Residents scored 85% or higher on knowledge quizzes. Standardized patients rated residents a mean of 90.2 out of 100 on adolescent communication and 89.0 out of 100 on parent communication. Conclusions A blended learning curriculum consisting of SAHM online materials and local clinical experiences improved resident self-assessment, knowledge, and communication skills.
Pericardial anatomy, interventions and therapeutics – a contemporary review

Pericardial access, predominantly utilized for emergency treatment, has evolved as an important approach for performing cardiac interventions. Accordingly, the complex anatomy and unique physiology...
An analysis of parental involvement, least restrictive environments, and preparation of personnel in ECSE classrooms

v INTRODUCTION 1 DEFINITIONS 18 METHODS 20 Subjects 20 Pilot 20 Procedures 21 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23 Limitations 61 Suggestions for Further Research 62 Summary 63 REFERENCES CITED 69 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 75 APPENDIX A: HUMAN SUBJECTS 77 APPENDIX B: INTRODUCTION LETTER 79 APPENDIX C: COVER LETTER 81 APPENDIX D: EDUCATORS SURVEY 83 APPENDIX E: REMINDER LETTER 102 APPENDIX F: SURVEY RESULTS 104 APPENDIX G: TABLES 112
The Development of Leukemia in Lethally Irradiated Mice Protected with Cells from Mice of a High Incidence Leukemia Strain

These experiments show that certain AKR cells have a leukemic potential which can develop even when they reside in a foreign host. The results indicate that these cells are most prevalent in the 20-week-old AKR thymus, but are also found to be present in AKR bone marrow as early as 7 weeks of age.
Physical mapping of bacterial genomes.

The elucidation of gene order in chromosomes, influencing both linkage and coregulation, is at the heart of genetic analysis. Indeed, the characterization of any mutation or cloned gene traditionally includes the determination of its position on the chromosomal map. Further, questions about the structural maintenance of the chromosome itself can be approached by comparative physical and genetic mapping of chromosomes. However, viewing the genome in one dimension may not be sufficient to understand genome organization comprehensively, if the object of evolutionary conservation is its threedimensional structure. Beginning in the early 1980s, several experimental approaches made it possible to map megabase-size DNAs: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-related methods, gene encyclopedia construction, and total DNA sequencing. The ideal targets for these physical approaches are bacterial genomes, with sizes ranging from 600 kb for Mycoplasma genitalium (22) to 9.5 Mb for Myxococcus xanthus (14). Aligning genes to physical maps generated by these approaches has surpassed traditional techniques for constructing bacterial genetic maps. Many chromosomal maps of different bacteria have been produced by traditional genetic methods. Some of these maps have hundreds of genetic markers: there are 1,717 on the last version of the Escherichia coli map, of which 300 were located by physical mapping (71). Purely genetic maps have a few serious disadvantages. First, their construction is labor-intensive. Also, because genetic maps provide distances measured in units derived from recombination frequencies, they are sensitive to recombination hot spots. The physical distance equivalent to 1% of the E. coli linkage map varies from 33 to 60 kb (80). The genetically linear chromosomal map of Caulobacter crescentus turned out to be physically circular, with proximal (unlinked) markers being only 400 kb apart. This genetic separation is ascribed to a recombination hot spot in the Ter region (31). The basic questions mentioned above, plus the availability of several convenient mapping techniques, have resulted in the construction of physical maps of many bacterial genomes. More than 90 studies dealing with physical mapping of bacterial genomes were published in the last 7 years. The five purely genetic maps produced during the same period is a fair reflection of their relative difficulty. In this minireview, we summarize the principal methods used for map construction, salient features of the maps produced, and applications of the gene encyclopedias for questions of genome evolution, rapid mapping of cloned genes, and global studies of gene expression. We also refer readers to a recent article by Cole and Saint Girons (21), published as this minireview was being completed. They cover much of the same ground and include tabular compilations of methods used and genome sizes. Their article should also be consulted for speculations on the evolution of genome size and the conservation of genome architecture.
Efficient decoding algorithms for noncoherent trellis coded phase modulation

Noncoherent decoding of trellis codes using multiple-symbol overlapped observations was shown to achieve close to the coherent performance. Optimal decoding by the Viterbi algorithm (VA) for L-symbol observations requires a number of states which grows exponentially with L. In the paper a novel suboptimal algorithm is presented, called estimated future decision feedback algorithm which is based on the VA. The number of states used is the same as in the original code, yielding complexity which depends weakly on L. A basic building block to this algorithm is the basic decision feedback algorithm (BDFA) or its modification the modified decision feedback algorithm (MDFA). The new algorithm uses a novel concept called "estimated future" and its performance is very close to optimum for most practical cases with some additional complexity and memory requirements as compared to the VA (used with coherent decoding).
The Financial Crisis and the Forgotten Law of Contracts

At the bottom of the financial crisis lie failed contracts. Failed contracts are the stuff of contract law. Yet most discussions to date of possible responses to the financial crisis ignore contract law. To the extent contract law makes an appearance, the assumption is usually that the contracts at issue should and will be strictly enforced, so there is not much more to say. Contract law, however, is not dead. Nor is it impotent; it has just been forgotten. This article explores how courts could use a number of contract doctrines to address perhaps the biggest current problem resulting from the financial crisis: the huge number of foreclosures of residential mortgages that have occurred, are occurring and are expected to continue for some time. Many of these foreclosures might be avoided if the mortgage contracts were sufficiently modified, especially by reducing principal. Yet despite the fact that such modifications are often in the interests of both homeowner borrowers and investors in bonds derived from those mortgages, they are in many cases not occurring. The political will for bold legislative action on this problem seems to be lacking. Many solutions to this problem have been proposed, but only a few have been attempted, and these have not worked well. A cramped view of contract doctrine may well be contributing to this lack of political will. Recognizing the flexibility of contract law may foster a greater willingness to consider creative legislative solutions. After reviewing the conventional contract law approach to the mortgage contract and examining how financial wizardry changed the relevant risks, the article considers how courts might interpret the contract law doctrines of assignment, modification, restraint of trade, unconscionability, mistake, impracticability, damages, and the objective theory of intent to address the current foreclosure mess.
Computational Study of a Mesoscale Combustor with Annular Heat Recirculation and Porous Inert Media

Combustion at small-scales is challenging because of the high heat loss and short flow residence time. This study features a combustor with porous inert media surrounded by an annulus. Reactants enter the annulus and are preheated by combustion heat that would otherwise be lost to the surroundings. Detailed computational fluid dynamics analysis is performed to identify design features with minimum heat loss. Analysis revealed coupled heat transfer pathways, i.e., reducing heat loss by axial conduction increases it by radiation and vice versa. Results show that the development of efficient small-scale combustion systems requires an accurate analysis of the coupled thermal pathways.
Issues and guidelines for the male therapist-female patient dyad

Current research on male therapists' perceptions of and attitudes toward female clients is reviewed. It is concluded that male mental health professionals continue to hold negative and pathogenic stereotypes of women presenting for treatment. Results of several recent psychotherapy studies reveal that female clients treated by male therapists are less likely to improve and are more likely to deteriorate than when treated by female therapists. With this information as a foundation, guidelines for male therapists treating female clients are presented. It is hoped that by following these guidelines, male mental health professionals can be more effective in their therapeutic work with women.
High-tech firms must get more out of their international sales efforts: An exploration in developing a competitive edge

Abstract International high-tech competition is accelerating. However, international high-tech market opportunities are also increasing. International sales management is one of the keys in developing a competitive edge. This article discusses the necessary features of successful international high-tech sales management. It presents a model and examines its key attributes based on a preliminary survey database. It then makes critical recommendations to improve international high-tech sales management.
Do Babies Matter?: Gender and Family in the Ivory Tower Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger, and Marc Goulden. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013.

Do Babies Matter?: Gender and Family in the Ivory Tower Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger, and Marc Goulden. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013.While debates over whether women can "have it all" rage through the popular media, Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger, and Marc Goulden offer a thorough analysis of this issue in a very specific context: the American university. Do Babies Matter? opens with the important observation that while more women than men gain doctorates today, far fewer women reach the top of the academic ladder, and these women are less likely to be married parents than their male counterparts. Relying on empirical data gathered over a decade, the authors find-albeit unsurprisingly -that babies do indeed matter and suggest policy reforms to increase gender equity in the academic workplace.Conveniently devoting one chapter to each stage in the academic career, Mason, Wolfinger, and Goulden identify factors that influence women's reproductive decisions and their effects on career developments. As graduate students, many women are discouraged from having children by the lack of positive role models, access to quality childcare, and health insurance as well as a fear of being perceived as uncommitted. The logistics of job interviews and campus visits pose extreme challenges for nursing mothers applying for tenure-track positions. If married, women are also less likely to get hired when their husbands are presumed "unwilling to relocate" (31).While women with young children struggle early in their academic careers, marriage and parenthood are found to be beneficial to both male and female scholars when they are up for tenure, especially when the children are six years or older. Uncritically assuming that marriage makes people happier, healthier, and more productive, the authors argue that married tenuretrack faculty tend to have longer publication lists to support their tenure cases than single colleagues. Later in the career, marriage and children seem to have less of an effect on professional development, even though gender still plays a role. For instance, women tend to be assigned more service work, preventing them from producing the research necessary for promotion. Finally, the authors find no statistically significant difference in retirement age.As the authors explain in the appendix, their findings derive from two primary sources: one is the "Survey of Doctorate Recipients," conducted by the National Science Foundation, the other is a set of surveys the authors administered themselves on nine University of California campuses. …
A study on automatic ontology mapping of categorical information

Semantic heterogeneity of information is a major barrier of information and system interoperability. Defining ontology of data and mapping ontologies among heterogeneous information repositories is one approach to achieve interoperability. This paper focuses on the ontology mapping of categorical information, which usually have a tree structure with categories and subcategories. Subcategories can be considered as the definition of their upper level categories. Methods of automatic mapping of categorical information using Naive Bayes classifier are discussed, and improved algorithms for categorical ontologies mapping are proposed and compared to a standard word-by-word matching algorithm.
The role of the axial anomaly in measuring spin-dependent parton distributions

It is shown that the forward matrix elements of j{sub 5}{sup {mu}}, the flavor singlet axial vector current, do not measure the helicity carried by quarks and anti-quarks but also include a spin-dependent gluonic component due to the anomaly. Detailed phenomenological and field theoretic reasons are given for the necessity of a gluonic component in the matrix element of j{sub 5}{sup {mu}}. The first higher order corrections to the basic box and triangle graphs are discussed and shown not to modify the conclusions drawn in the leading order calculation. We close with a few comments on the possible phenomenological implications of the anomalous contribution. 25 refs., 6 figs.
ON STABILITY DEFINITIONS OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS.

Introduction.—The dominant subject in the analysis of dynamical systems is the stability of the insuing motion. Many fields of interest under current research involve dynamical systems. These range from fields such as astrodynamics, meteorology, and control systems to biology, chemistry, medicine, and economics. In each of these fields dynamical systems can be formulated, and their stability can be examined as special cases of stability problems in dynamics. During recent years the stability concepts of dynamical systems have been advanced, either by modifying old ideas or by creating new stability concepts. These advances permit a deeper penetration into the more profound stability problems.
Labor Unions, Partisan Coalitions, and Market Reforms in Latin America

Why do labor unions resist economic restructuring and adjustment policies in some countries and in some economic sectors while they submit in other cases? And why do some labor leaders fashion more creative and effective roles for labor unions? This book addresses these critical questions in an in-depth elegant comparative study of Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela in the 1990s. In each case, the book studies both the role of national confederations as well as individual unions in specific economic sectors in each country. It demonstrates the importance of the presence and nature of alliances between political parties and labor unions as well as the significance of competition between labor unions for the representation of the same set of workers. This work opens new horizons for appreciating the intellectual and practical importance of the variation in the interactions between workers, unions, political parties, and economic policies.
THE MG-QOL15 FOR FOLLOWING THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

The MG-QOL15 is helpful in informing the clinician about the patient's perception of the extent of and dissatisfaction with myasthenia gravis (MG)-related dysfunction. The aims of this study were to determine the usefulness of the MG-QOL15 for following individuals with MG and to guide clinical researchers who plan to use the MG-QOL15. We assessed sensitivity and specificity for detecting clinical change and evaluated test-retest reliability. Sensitivities and specificities of various cut-points of change in scores are presented. Also presented are means and standard deviations of MG-QOL15 scores for all patients and for subgroups of patients. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 98.6%. The MG-QOL15 has an acceptable longitudinal construct validity. We consider this instrument to be most useful for informing the clinician about the patient's perception and tolerance of MG-related dysfunction. More objective measures, such as the MG Composite, should also be used to follow disease severity.
Preparation and functional characterization of a catalytically active fragment of phosphorylase kinase.

Limited proteolysis of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase catalyzed by chymotrypsin generates a 33 kD product whose kinase activity is independent of both calcium and pH over the range of 6.8 to 8.3 (Malencik, D. A. & Fischer, E.H. Calcium and Cell Function III: 161–188, 1982). This active preparation consists of three related species containing residues 1–290, 1–296, and 1–298 of the 44.7kD γ-subunit of phosphorylase kinase (Harris, W.R., Malencik, D. A., Johnson, C.M., Carr, S.A., Roberts, G.D., Byles, C.E., Anderson, S.R., Heilmeyer, L.M.G., Fischer, E.H. & Crabb, J.W. J. Biol Chem. 265:11740–11745, 1991). Good recoveries of catalytic activity — with varying degrees of calcium dependence — result upon the digestion of phosphorylase kinase with assorted proteases. However, especially high yields of the chymotryptic fragment are obtainable, with purification on an Ultrogel-34 column and a DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column giving 23% of the maximum possible protein.
Do all carrots look the same? examining the impact of culture on employee motivation

Investigates primary differences between employee motivation in the USA and Japan. Spotlights how workers in both countries work towards promotion and advancement. Stresses that Americans are individualists and that the Japanese are organization‐loyal. Concludes self‐actualization is likely to mean different things to employees in both cultures.
The Normal Modes and Frequencies of Vibration of the Regular Plane Hexagon Model of the Benzene Molecule

The thirty modes of vibration of the regular plane hexagon model for the benzene molecule, including both the hydrogen and carbon atoms, are derived by the group theory method described by Wigner. From these the twenty frequencies of vibration are calculated in terms of a simple potential function involving six force constants. Selection rules for the Raman and infrared spectra are listed. Seven fundamentals are permitted in the Raman spectrum and four fundamentals in the infrared. Both analytical and graphical descriptions of the modes of vibration are given. These depend largely on the symmetry of the molecule and are only in part influenced by the choice of potential function adopted.
Stereoselective analysis of bupropion and hydroxybupropion in human plasma and urine by LC/MS/MS

A sensitive, stereoselective assay using solid phase extraction and LC-MS-MS was developed and validated for the analysis of (R)- and (S)-bupropion and its major metabolite (R,R)- and (S,S)-hydroxybupropion in human plasma and urine. Plasma or glucuronidase-hydrolyzed urine was acidified, then extracted using a Waters Oasis MCX solid phase 96-well plate. HPLC separation used an alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein column, a gradient mobile phase of methanol and aqueous ammonium formate, and analytes were detected by electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring with an API 4000 Qtrap. The assay was linear in plasma from 0.5 to 200 ng/ml and 2.5 to 1000 ng/ml in each bupropion and hydroxybupropion enantiomer, respectively. The assay was linear in urine from 5 to 2000 ng/ml and 25 to 10,000 ng/ml in each bupropion and hydroxybupropion enantiomer, respectively. Intra- and inter-day accuracy was >98% and intra- and inter-day coefficients of variations were less than 10% for all analytes and concentrations. The assay was applied to a subject dosed with racemic bupropion. The predominant enantiomers in both urine and plasma were (R)-bupropion and (R,R)-hydroxybupropion. This is the first LC-MS/MS assay to analyze the enantiomers of both bupropion and hydroxybupropion in plasma and urine.
AlSb/InAs HEMTs using modulation InAs(Si)doping

AlSb/InAs HEMTs have been fabricated using Si-doping in a very thin (9 A) InAs layer located in the upper AlSb barrier. Quantum Hall measurements show that there is no parallel channel. Devices with a 0.5 µm gate length exhibit a drain current density of > 1 A/mm and an fTLg product of 30 GHzµm at VDS = 0.4 V after correction for the gate bonding pad capacitance.
Park Service Room Fire Test Simulations Using the Harvard Level 5.2 Computer Fire Model

The Fire Center has conducted a series of full-scale tests of hotel-like rooms. The furnishings were a bed with headboard "made up" with bedding, and a wooden sidetable. The ignition source was a wastebasket. The furniture was burned in the new N. B. S. furniture calorimeter and in a 2.44 × 3.66× 2.44 high room. As an adjunct to analysis of the test results, a series of simulations of the fire tests were run using the Harvard Fire Simulation. This report describes the simulations and their results.The principal finding of the simulations was that the room had little effect in augmenting the burning of this fuel package. The simulation result was partially due to the burn algorithm used and partially due to the relatively large fire area and short assumed flame radiation extinction length. This finding might not have been true had the individual objects been smaller in area or their flames less opaque. A different burn algorithm might also have produced different results.
Study of a small-scale standing-wave thermoacoustic engine

AbstractThis article reports experimental and modelling results obtained with a small-scale standing-wave thermoacoustic engine. Reticulated vitreous carbon is used as the stack material and atmospheric air as the working fluid. The engine is tested with resonators of variable lengths in the range 57–124 mm. The engine starts generating sound at temperature differences of 200–300 °C between the hot and cold parts of the system. The acoustic pressure amplitudes up to 2 kPa are measured inside the resonator in the excited regimes. A simplified energy-balance theory adequately predicts a trend in the temperature difference for the sound onset, while underestimating actual values. Model estimations show that the stack-generated acoustic power reaches 100 mW at the stack-based efficiencies of several per cent.
Respiration and chemical composition of the bathypelagic euphausiid Bentheuphausia amblyops

Bentheuphausia amblyops is a cosmopolitan bathypelagic euphausiid with a vertical range of from 280 to 7 000 m. Determinations of proximate and elemental composition show that B. amblyops has a more robust structure (lower water content and higher protein content) than is typical of other bathypelagic Crustacea. B. amblyops is a strong swimmer and is capable of employing its thoracic legs in raptorial fashion. Discrete depth trawls taken between depths of 400 and 2 500 m on a diel basis show no evidence of vertical migration. There was no significant difference in oxygen consumption within the species environmental temperature range (1.5° to 7.5°C), which may be partially ascribed to a limited temperature effect and partially to variability in spontaneous activity at the different temperatures. Between 7.5° and 9.5°C there was a marked temperature effect on metabolism (Q10=6.4). The observed vertical distribution and metabolic response to elevated temperature preclude the migrations to the surface that have been postulated for B. amblyops. The robust composition of the species, its behavioral characteristics, and published diet information strongly suggest that the species is omnivorous with a strong predatory component in its foraging strategy.