cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-viscosity mantle blobs are sampled preferentially at regions of surface divergence and stirred rapidly into the mantle

The persistence of mantle heterogeneity depends on its density and viscosity and as well as the characteristics of the convecting mantle, such as the vigour and possible stratification of convection. Low-viscosity regions stretch and deform more rapidly than their high-viscosity counterparts. Low-viscosity regions are also drawn into, and hence preferentially sampled at, regions of surface divergence such as mid-ocean ridges and plume-fed hotspots. Low-viscosity heterogeneities in the form of blobs are thus more rapidly stirred into a convecting mantle. Discrete blobs of primitive or enriched mantle are unlikely to persist for billions of years.
Aubrey Beardsley's “Japanese” Grotesques

Aubrey Beardsley made major contributions to the art of the grotesque. Initially, he probably learned the theory as well as the technique of creating designs in this mode from the work of medieval European artists. His own development of the grotesque, however, rests on his treatment of subject matter, a treatment which was influenced by Japanese woodblock artists. The double viewpoint, both expressing an author's point of view and critiquing one's own society, is seen most frequently in humorous grotesque Japanese woodblock designs, which were collected, exhibited, and reproduced in England during the 1890s. In order to detail one of Beardsley's major contributions to this form, this essay will first delineate Beardsley's attraction to the grotesque as well as his exposure to Japanese art, and, after examining the ways in which the grotesque works, it will concentrate on Beardsley's adaptations of the Japanese grotesque.
The Spiritual Pilgrimage of Rachel Stearns, 1834–1837: Reinterpreting Women's Religious and Social Experiences in the Methodist Revivals of Nineteenth-Century America

Le pelerinage de Rachel Stearns eclaire les experiences feminines au cours des reveils religieux methodistes de la premiere moitie du XIX e siecle aux Etats-Unis. Pour elle, la religion est un element a la fois emotionnel et intellectuel, individuel et social, interne et externe. L'itineraire spirituel de Rachel Stearns est un processus complexe de renegociation et de redefinition du pouvoir, de la parente et du sens. Au cours de sa vie, elle remplit des roles sociaux conventionnels, mais ses croyances religieuses interieures transcendent l'experience exterieure
IDENTIFYING RELEVANT PRIOR EXPLANATIONS

When human tutors engage in dialogue, they freely exploit all aspects of the mutually known context, including the previous discourse. Utterances that do not draw on previous discourse seem awkward, unnatural, or even incoherent. Previous discourse must be taken into account in order to relate new information effectively to recently conveyed material, and to avoid repeating old material that would distract the student from what is new.Producing a system that displays such behavior involves finding an efficient way to identify which previous explanations (if any) are relevant to the current explanation task. Thus, we are implementing a system that uses a case-based reasoning approach to identify previous situations and explanations that could potentially affect the explanation being constructed. We have identified heuristics for constructing explanations that exploit this information in ways similar to what we have observed in human-human tutorial dialogues.
Privacy, publicness, and the web: A manifesto

The internet is the greatest agent of change since at least Gutenberg. Its leaders, Google and Facebook, are transforming business, society, our relationships, and even our worldview in so many ways. They're also transforming our notions of privacy and publicness. Will this new world be a better one? Facebook and Google-and I-believe a public society is a better society. "On balance, making the world more open is good", Facebook's founder, Mark Zuckerberg, told me. "Our mission is to make the world more open and connected." And Google's is to organize the world's public knowledge. Many benefits accrue to a public society. Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the Web, has been calling for opening up as much data as possible- save for that which jeopardizes privacy- to move the Web to its next phase. Because when data are layered upon data and connections are made, value can grow dramatically.
Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Wireless RFIC and On-Chip Antenna Design: Tools and Layout Techniques

This invited contribution provides insights for im- plementation of millimeter-wave and terahertz wireless systems on a chip (MTWSOC). We present an overview of important software and simulation tools and key layout issues and design rules for millimeter-wave (mmWave) circuits. An example of a recently fabricated 0.18µm CMOS integrated circuit by the Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG) at The University of Texas at Austin is presented. The example chip includes 60 GHz on-chip antennas, an array of transmission lines, and IMPATT diodes. Index Terms—60 GHz, millimeter-wave, on-chip antenna, IM- PATT diode, CPW, Transmission Lines, RFIC, CMOS, WPAN, SOC, MTWS
Just-in-time inventory control: A subset of channel management

Marketing managers began adopting the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method of inventory control from the manufacturing industry almost thirty years ago. A new approach, “Just-In-Time” inventory, pioneered by Japanese firms, should be considered. This approach consists of at least two significant phases: one, technical, based on instantaneous communication flow and the computer; and secondly, behavioral, emphasizing improved cooperation between members of the channel system.
Reconstructing the radial breathing mode resonance Raman spectra for HiPco single-wall carbon nanotubes

The radial breathing mode (RBM) region of the resonance Raman spectra of HiPco single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was investigated as a function of aggregation and presence of environmental contaminants. This was modeled using an energetic deviation term $(\ensuremath{\Delta}E)$, imparted to the optical transitions $[{E}_{ii}(n,m)]$ by the change in SWNT physicochemical environment. Three sets of ${E}_{ii}(n,m)$ values were used to reconstruct these RBM profiles, based on (i) photoluminescence (PL) measurements, (ii) a simple tight-binding (TB) model, and (iii) a set of modified (TB-based) ${E}_{ii}(n,m)$ values to account for the underestimation of the influence of chiral angle for SWNTs with diameters below $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The simulation revealed that the PL-determined ${E}_{ii}(n,m)$ set provided a good fit in terms of peak position as opposed to TB-calculated values. Moderate improvement was attained using the third set of ${E}_{ii}(n,m)$ values, indicative of the importance of both curvature and chirality effects. Providing an accurate set of ${E}_{ii}(n,m)$ values becomes available, the RBM profile reconstruction methodology discussed herein could greatly enhance our ability to model a range of physicochemical changes to the immediate environment of SWNTs.
EFFECTS OF VERBASCUM THAPSUS LEAF HAIRS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER: A REASSESSMENT

SUMMARY Quantitative results of an earlier paper by Wuenscher (1970) are corrected, and the implications for the adaptive significance of mullein leaf hairs discussed. Wuenscher's paper seemed to show that the leaf hairs thickened the leaf boundary layer by a distance equal to the thickness of the hair layer, causing boundary layer resistance to increase by a factor of 90. The corrections indicate that the hairs increase boundary layer resistance by a factor of about 2. The results imply that measured differences in total transpiration resistance were due to higher stomatal (or cuticular) resistance of normal hairy leaves compared with shaved leaves. Such higher epidermal resistances would tend to reduce photosynthesis. The hypothesis is made that plant species having dense leaf hairs and growing in full sunlight are likely to have high temperature optima for photosynthesis. A related hypothesis is that such species are likely to use the C4 pathway for carbon assimilation, as mullein apparently does. Finally, it is pointed out that dense leaf hairs increase boundary layer resistance to a value equivalent to that of larger glabrous leaves. Thus, the hypotheses suggested should also apply to plants having large leaves and growing in full sunlight.
A prospective study of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for T1 tumors--is transperitoneal, retroperitoneal or hand assisted the best approach?

Purpose: We designed a prospective, randomized clinical trial to compare 3 common approaches to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, namely transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and hand assisted.Materials and Methods: A total of 33 patients with a solid renal mass of 7 cm or less were prospectively enrolled in alternating fashion to a hand assisted procedure, a transperitoneal procedure with morcellation and a retroperitoneal procedure with intact specimen extraction. A single surgeon performed all operations. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative criteria were compared among the 3 techniques.Results: A total of 11 patients underwent each type of procedure. There was no significant difference in age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, body mass index or tumor size among the groups. Mean operative time was significantly lower using the hand assisted approach, whereas estimated blood loss was similar in all 3 groups. Incision size, hospital stay and time to normal daily activity were less using ...
Tissue Clearance as a Measure of Nutritive Blood Flow and the Effect of Lumbar Sympathetic Block upon Such Measures in Calf Muscle

This paper reports the effect of procedures known to alter local blood flow upon the rate of removal of locally injected Na24 and I131. An evaluation of this clearance method as a measure of nutritive blood flow is made. A second purpose is to report the lack of effect upon clearance from calf muscle of lumbar sympathetic block, and to discuss its therapeutic implications.
New Relations for Gauge-Theory Amplitudes

We present an identity satisfied by the kinematic factors of diagrams describing the tree amplitudes of massless gauge theories. This identity is a kinematic analog of the Jacobi identity for color factors. Using this we find new relations between color-ordered partial amplitudes. We discuss applications to multiloop calculations via the unitarity method. In particular, we illustrate the relations between different contributions to a two-loop four-point QCD amplitude. We also use this identity to reorganize gravity tree amplitudes diagram by diagram, offering new insight into the structure of the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations between gauge and gravity tree amplitudes. This insight leads to similar but novel relations. We expect this to be helpful in higher-loop studies of the ultraviolet properties of gravity theories.
Co-production Scenarios for Mobile Time Banking

Time banking facilitates generalized reciprocity among neighbors by rewarding contributions in proportion to the time entailed in contributing. Contributions can be person-to-person services, such as driving another person to an appointment. They can also be co-productions, in which the provider and recipient jointly enact a service, such as giving/receiving a guitar lesson. Co-production is an important category of time banking interaction; it has been identified as a key to strengthening the core economy of home, family, neighborhood and community, and is becoming integrated into government social service schemes. As part of a requirements analysis for mobile timing banking infrastructures, we identified and analyzed co-production scenarios. Our objective is to contribute to the social movements of co-production of social services and of time banking through designing and developing a socio-technical infrastructure that mutually leverages both to build up the core economy and to enable societal-scale time banking.
Measurement of vital capacity in asthmatic subjects receiving histamine and acetyl-beta-methyl choline; a clinical study.

Abstract 1.1. Changes in the vital capacity were studied following the injection of acetyl-beta-methyl choline and histamine in forty asthmatic subjects. 2.2. Analysis of the results with respect to the pulmonary responsiveness to the two drugs on the one hand and various clinical features on the other indicate that: (a) patients with severe asthma were most responsive to the two drugs and those with mild asthma were least responsive; (b) patients with asthma of very recent origin or those whose asthma had ceased or markedly diminished were either slightly responsive or not responsive at all; (c) age, sex, the presence of hay fever, eczema, or urticaria in the subject or the subject's family appeared to have no influence on the susceptibility to the two drugs. It is concluded that of all the factors considered, asthma was the only one which appeared to have a direct influence on the pulmonary responsiveness to histamine and acetyl-beta-methyl choline.
Social Entrepreneurship: A Blueprint for Humanistic Business Organizations

‘Business as usual’ has come under heavy scrutiny. Public outrage over crooked corporate officers, the looting of pension funds, the defrauding of stockholders, and the wholesale firing of hardworking employees has reached a new high (see e.g. Jackson and Nelson 2004; Pirson 2007). Not only the anti-globalization movement of the far left, but also more traditional thinkers and the public in general are becoming increasingly uncomfortable with corporate power and influence. Overall, the criticism leveled at current capitalism is that it fails to be life-conducive. It is insufficiently set up to fulfill authentic human needs (Diener and Seligman 2004) or, in humanistic terms, it fails to make "humans the measure of all things" (Protagoras). Consequently, current business organizations are facing a predicament that Jackson and Nelson (2004: 19) compare to a “perfect storm.” In the following chapter, the author examines how organizations can weather the “perfect storm” by learning from a newly emerging field called social entrepreneurship.
The Moral Sense and Health Care

Medical ethics has become a major concern of philosophical ethicists, theorists and practitioners in the health sciences, and the general public. Spectacular cases such as Baby Fay, Karen Ann Quinlan, and Barney Clark have drawn much attention to moral problems in medical practice. Generally, attention has been focused on those cases which appear to result from recent advances in medical science and technology. To these problems ethicists have brought their expertise in moral analysis, making moral judgments, and applying traditional ethical norms to moral problems. A new area of ethical study has arisen — biomedical ethics. But this welcomed interest in medical ethics often rests on three questionable assumptions. (1) The practice of medicine itself is an adjunct to science and technology. (2) Ethical issues arise from the advances in medical science and technology. (3) These ethical problems are best resolved by applying the expertise of traditional philosophical ethics to these problems.
Limits of performance for the model reduction problem of hidden Markov models

We introduce system theoretic notions of a Hankel operator, and Hankel norm for hidden Markov models. We show how the related Hankel singular values provide lower bounds on the norm of the difference between a hidden Markov model of order n and any lower order approximant of order n < n.
Production of π ∘ Mesons by γ -Rays on Hydrogen

The production of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ mesons in the reaction $\ensuremath{\gamma}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}+p$ is investigated as a function of the incident $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy in the region from 200 Mev to 300 Mev. For the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ emitted at approximately 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} laboratory angle, the differential cross section can be represented by ${(\frac{d{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}})}_{\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}}=C{(K\ensuremath{-}145)}^{1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4},$ where $K$= energy of incident $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray in Mev. The approximate threshold for the reaction is 145 Mev.The ratio of the cross section at 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} laboratory angle to that at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} laboratory angle, for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays between 250 Mev and 300 Mev, is 1.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25.
Logic and Modal Intuitions

Claims concerning what is or is not possible abound in contemporary phi losophy. The epistemology of such claims, however, remains largely unex plored. Anything imaginable is possible, we are told, with the proviso that imag ination be governed by logic. Many who defend this methodology argue that logic frees us from recourse to some mysterious a priori faculty of intuition. Anything is possible so long as it does not contain a contradiction?and we don't need intuition to tell us what is contradictory, just logic. Logic is thus supposed to provide us with a non-mysterious, intuition-free, modal epistemology. The purpose of this paper is to argue that logic does not deliver on this promise. The argument proceeds along two fronts. First, I argue that logic is not sufficient for the task. Not only are there consistent but impossible propositions, there are even inconsistent propositions that are possible. Second, and more fundamen tally, I question the epistemic independence of appeals to logical consistency. I will argue that in judging a proposition to be consistent we rely upon our intu itions concerning what is possible. In other words, our modal beliefs undergird our judgments about consistency and not vice-versa.
Lucid dreaming and control in waking life.

In a survey of 17 middle-school students, search for control over situations in waking life was positively correlated with frequency of lucid dreaming.
GeriWard Falls: An Interprofessional Team-Based Curriculum on Falls in the Hospitalized Older Adult.

Abstract Introduction Interprofessional (IP) collaboration is key in caring for older adults and a critical part of health professions education. Falls are a source of significant morbidity and mor...
Flexibility and Constraint in the Interpretation of Na+/K+ Pump Electrogenicity: What is an Access Channel?

A central question which electrophysiologists ask about the Na+/K+ pump often appears esoteric: How and when do ions cross the membrane electrical field during the pump cycle? From the electrophysiologist’s view point, this question challenges profoundly our understanding of the molecular basis of ion transport. The reasons are apparent when pump function is thought of as a selective, stoichiometric movement of ions across the cell membrane barrier, and therefore across membrane electrical field. Several electrophysiological approaches have raised questions and suggested hypotheses about molecular structure-function relations of the Na+/K+ pump. Recently, it has been proposed that the major chargecarrying reaction of the Na+/K+ pump is the diffusion of sodium through a ’high resistance access channel’, open to the extracellular side in the E2 pump state (1). The present article will describe some of the flexibilities and constraints encountered by the author in accounting for recent experimental results on Na+/K+ pump electrogenicity with the help of simulations. The results considered will include refined charge movement measurements in giant cardiac membrane patches.
Portfolio Diversification Effects of Catastrophe Bonds

This paper demonstrates that catastrophe (cat) bonds provide substantial benefits of diversification when added to an investor's opportunity set already consisting of securities from traditional asset classes. We find that cat bonds significantly reduce drawdown measures and tail risk under various market regimes while still enhancing risk-adjusted returns. We estimate DCC-GARCH models and find a low average correlation between cat bonds and traditional asset classes. We then conduct rigorous out-of-sample portfolio analysis using four different asset-allocation models of varying levels of estimation risk. This analysis shows superior performance compared to a dynamic and optimized benchmark portfolio. Finally, we conduct mean-variance spanning tests and provide further compelling evidence that portfolios including cat bonds lie outside of the mean-variance frontier attainable by portfolios holding traditional asset classes alone.
Das Verhältnis zu anderen Kurzprosagattungen

Generell wird die Kurzgeschichte zwischen Novelle, Anekdote, Kalendergeschichte, Erzahlung und Skizze eingeordnet. Seit sie gegen Ende des 19. Jh.s Gegenstand der literarischen Diskussion wurde, hat es — wie Begriffsgeschichte und Definitionsversuche belegen — stets Schwierigkeiten gegeben, sie von den bereits etablierten Kurzprosagattungen abzuheben. Dazu hat neben auserliterarischen Faktoren besonders die formale Ausrichtung der Kurzgeschichte auf einen komprimiert erzahlten, oft mit Pointierung und einem Hohepunkt versehenen Einzelfall beigetragen, da sie diese Wesenszuge mit einer Reihe epischer Kurzformen teilt, beispielsweise mit der straff und vielfach dramatisch gebauten Anekdote, ebenso mit der Novelle oder auch mit der Kalendergeschichte. Die Abgrenzung der Kurzgeschichte von diesen Gattungen ist nicht nur durch die schon erwahnte deutsche Anekdotentheorie erschwert worden (vgl. Kap. 2.3), sondern zum Teil auch dadurch, dass viele der fruhen Definitionsansatze unklar sind, sei es, dass sie zum Idealtypischen neigen, sei es, dass sie auf inhaltlichen oder auf vereinzelten formalen Kriterien beruhen, die ebensogut fur andere Kurzprosagattungen gelten konnen.
AI-03 Regulation of age-associated B cells in lupus

Background A novel subset of B cells termed Age-associated B cells (ABCs) has been recently reported to preferentially accumulate with age in female mice. ABCs are characterised by high expression of CD11c and CD11b and low levels of CD21 and CD23. ABC differentiation depends on the transcription factor T-bet and is promoted by TLR7 stimulation. While ABCs have been proposed to play a key role in the development of autoimmune diseases and in the gender bias observed in these disorders the molecular mechanisms driving ABC differentiation are poorly understood. Our laboratory has previously identified a novel protein termed DEF6, which shows significant homology to SWAP-70. DEF6 and SWAP-70 are the only two members of a unique family of multifunctional proteins that regulate both Rac activation as well as IRF4 function. Mice deficient in both DEF6 and SWAP-70 (DKO mice) spontaneously develop a lupus-like disease on a C57BL/6 background. Notably, the lupus-like disorder in DKO mice shares several features with human SLE, including exhibiting a sex-bias, and the DEF6 locus has recently been identified as a new SLE risk variant. Materials and methods CD11c+ CD11b+ B220+ CD19+ B cells (ABCs) were analysed in vivo in WT and DKO mice by FACS. We investigated the role of IL-21 and SAP in vivo by crossing DKO mice with mice lacking these molecules. ABCs were generated in vitro by culturing CD23+ follicular B cells with αIgM, αCD40, and IL-21 in the presence/absence of TLR7 ligand. ABC markers and gene expression were analysed by FACS and qPCR. Results We have found that female DKO mice exhibit a marked accumulation of ABCs. The expansion of ABCs observed in vivo in DKO mice is dependent on both IL-21 and T-B cell interactions as demonstrated by a significant reduction of ABCs in DKO mice that also lack either IL-21 or SAP. We have also generated male Yaa-DKO mice, which carry a duplication of the TLR7 gene on the Y chromosome. Yaa-DKO males exhibit an even greater expansion of ABCs, which correlates with high titers of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. In vitro stimulation of CD23 + B cells with αBCR, αCD40, and IL-21, furthermore demonstrates that B cells from DKO mice are hyper-responsive to IL-21 and strongly upregulate CD11c and CD11b. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the absence of DEF6, a genetic risk factor for lupus, leads to the aberrant expansion of ABCs, a novel B cell subset previously associated with the development of autoimmunity. We furthermore show that accumulation of ABCs in lupus is dependent on T-B cell interactions and IL-21.
Development of Physical Super-Turing Analog Hardware

In the 1930s, mathematician Alan Turing proposed a mathematical model of computation now called a Turing Machine to describe how people follow repetitive procedures given to them in order to come up with final calculation result. This extraordinary computational model has been the foundation of all modern digital computers since the World War II. Turing also speculated that this model had some limits and that more powerful computing machines should exist. In 1993, Siegelmann and colleagues introduced a Super-Turing Computational Model that may be an answer to Turing’s call. Super-Turing computation models have no inherent problem to be realizable physically and biologically. This is unlike the general class of hyper-computer as introduced in 1999 to include the Super-Turing model and some others. This report is on research to design, develop and physically realize two prototypes of analog recurrent neural networks that are capable of solving problems in the Super-Turing complexity hierarchy, similar to the class BPP/log*. We present plans to test and characterize these prototypes on problems that demonstrate anticipated Super- Turing capabilities in modeling Chaotic Systems.
Robotics competition through academic community engagement for the best: conference tutorial

A 75-minute session will be requested for this proposed tutorial in how to promote robotics competitions through academic community engagement for the BEST (Boosting Engineering Science Technology). The intended audience would be the university faculty and staff in Computer Science and Information System fields. Introduction (15 minutes) In support of the Science Technology Engineering Mathematic (STEM) movement in the US, a robotic competition program for middle and high school students was designed by Boosting Engineering Science Technology (BEST) Robotics Inc., a non-profit and volunteer-based organization. The hosting hubs and organization will be introduced in the following sections. Preparation in Spring and Summer Semesters (15 minutes) In spring and summer semesters, Sam Houston State University, SouthEast Texas (SET) BEST Hub recruits surrounding middle and high school teams to participate in competing BEST Robotics events. Many training programs have been offered to the teachers and students in order to support their team development. The faculty, staff, and students from Sam Houston State University volunteered their time and participated in their academic community engagement for the BEST events. Mentoring Program (15 minutes) To retain the participation rate for the next season, mentoring program has been designed and offered by SET BEST Hub. The selected volunteers (mentors) were trained in robotics programing and 3D computer-aided drafting programs to support the teams' needs. 6-Weeks Competition Season (15 minutes) From the Kickoff Day in September, to the end of sixth week the Competition Game Day in October, the mentors assisted in the assigned teams' engineering process and supported in the teams' robot development. After Season Curriculum (10 minutes) Each team is encouraged to keep the robotics parts after the competition season is over. The robotics curriculum or after school robotics club are strongly encouraged and supported by the BEST Hubs. Conclusion/Q&A (5 minutes) An overall impact in middle and high schools will be shared. A following Q&A section will be held.
Rapid-bubble-growth instability at the onset of microchannel flow boiling

The rapid-bubble-growth instability at the onset of flow boiling was studied experimentally in a single, 500 pm-diameter borosilicate glass microchannel subjected to a uniform heat flux of 41.9 kW/m2. Fluid was driven through the microchannel in an open-loop test facility by maintaining a constant pressure difference between a pressurized upstream reservoir and the ambient. Simultaneous measurement of inlet and outlet fluid temperatures and pressures, mass flux, and wall temperature, synchronized with high-speed flow visualization, enabled the underlying mechanisms of the rapid-bubble-growth instability to be quantified. At the onset of boiling, a large liquid superheat (10.3 °C) relative to the outlet saturation temperature causes the nucleated vapor bubble to grow rapidly, expanding in both upstream and downstream directions. This explosive bubble growth results in significant flow reversal and generates a large pressure gradient within the microchannel immediately following boiling incipience. The onset of flow boiling significantly reduced the temperature of the fluid and of the heated wall relative to single-phase flow conditions.
DPSCREEN: Dynamic Personalized Screening

Screening is important for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of diseases. A good screening policy should be personalized to the disease, to the features of the patient and to the dynamic history of the patient (including the history of screening). The growth of electronic health records data has led to the development of many models to predict the onset and progression of different diseases. However, there has been limited work to address the personalized screening for these different diseases. In this work, we develop the first framework to construct screening policies for a large class of disease models. The disease is modeled as a finite state stochastic process with an absorbing disease state. The patient observes an external information process (for instance, self-examinations, discovering comorbidities, etc.) which can trigger the patient to arrive at the clinician earlier than scheduled screenings. The clinician carries out the tests; based on the test results and the external information it schedules the next arrival. Computing the exactly optimal screening policy that balances the delay in the detection against the frequency of screenings is computationally intractable; this paper provides a computationally tractable construction of an approximately optimal policy. As an illustration, we make use of a large breast cancer data set. The constructed policy screens patients more or less often according to their initial risk -- it is personalized to the features of the patient -- and according to the results of previous screens – it is personalized to the history of the patient. In comparison with existing clinical policies, the constructed policy leads to large reductions (28-68 %) in the number of screens performed while achieving the same expected delays in disease detection.
The Case for a Constitutional Easement Approach to Permanent Monuments in Traditional Public Forums

This November, the Supreme Court will hear argument in City of Pleasant Grove v. Summum, where the question is whether the public has a right to place permanent monuments in a traditional public forum, such as a city park. Permanent monuments pose a puzzle for current public forum doctrine: How can we distinguish temporary speech (such as a rally) from permanent monuments without causing doctrinal incoherence or unintended consequences. Lower courts have bent and stretched existing public forum doctrine in their attempt to solve the puzzle, without success.This Essay looks outside the current framework - to the real property law of easements - for a solution. The analogy to easement law, and its rule against unreasonable interference with another's property rights, provides a principled basis for distinguishing temporary speech from permanent monuments. By thinking of the public's right to use a traditional public forum as a constitutional easement, courts can finally solve the puzzle: A permanent monument would be an exclusive use of government property that unreasonably interferes with the government's ownership and the public's right to use. Such monuments, then, are not within the public's right to use a traditional public forum. This outcome leaves local governments flexibility in deciding which permanent monuments to locate in their parks, streets, and other traditional public forums.
Birdsong and Vocal Learning during Development

This article describes (1) how the bird song-control system has become a model system for the study of the neurobiology of learning and memory; (2) general parallels between bird song learning and human language learning, (3) the most recently discovered parallel, which is the crucial role of social factors in vocal learning; (4) theories concerning the role of social factors in vocal learning; and (5) the diversity of song-learning programs found in the songbirds.
Energy Disaggregation and the Utility-Privacy Tradeoff

CHAPTER OVERVIEW The problem of energy disaggregation is the estimation of individual device usage patterns from available aggregate energy consumption measurements. In this work, we consider the fundamental limits of the energy disaggregation problem, and use these limits to quantify the tradeoff between the utilization of data for smart grid operations and the privacy provided to energy consumers. First, our fundamental limits build on a statistical testing framework to provide a theoretical bound to the accuracy of energy disaggregation that can be achieved by any algorithm. Then, we present a framework for understanding how variations in system design can affect the operational benefits of collecting data, as well as the privacy of users. We instantiate this framework in a direct load control example where we use thermostatically controlled loads and vary the frequency with which a centralized controller receives sensor measurements. Our work formalizes the process of incorporating privacy considerations into the design of modern energy systems.
CW and CCW Conformations of the E. coli Flagellar Motor C-Ring Evaluated by Fluorescence Anisotropy

The molecular cascade that controls switching of the direction of rotation of Escherichia coli flagellar motors is well known, but the conformational changes that allow the rotor to switch are still unclear. The signaling molecule CheY, when phosphorylated, binds to the C-ring at the base of the rotor, raising the probability that the motor spins clockwise. When the concentration of CheY-P is so low that the motor rotates exclusively counterclockwise (CCW), the C-ring recruits more monomers of FliM and tetramers of FliN, the proteins to which CheY-P binds, thus increasing the motor's sensitivity to CheY-P and allowing it to switch once again. Motors that rotate exclusively CCW have more FliM and FliN subunits in their C-rings than motors that rotate exclusively clockwise. How are the new subunits accommodated? Does the diameter of the C-ring increase, or do FliM and FliN get packed in a different pattern, keeping the overall diameter of the C-ring constant? Here, by measuring fluorescence anisotropy of yellow fluorescent protein-labeled motors, we show that the CCW C-rings accommodate more FliM monomers without changing the spacing between them, and more FliN monomers at the same time as increasing their effective spacing and/or changing their orientation within the tetrameric structure.
Hegemony, dissent, and legitimation: a companion reading of breaking the silence

It is a truism that, in the past century or so, a communicative turn has transformed the human sciences and humanities. From philosophy to anthropology, sociology to literature–to say nothing of co...
Amytal and the Detection of Deception

For a long time there has been an intense interest in the legal systems for developing technique to uncover malingering of mental illness or mental retardation in defendants charged with crime. This interest has led in the development of psychological tests, in polygraphy, and in the sodium amytal test.
Obesity/Overweight: Health Consequences

In recent decades, the prevalence of overweight and particularly obesity has increased sharply in both developed and developing countries. Excess body weight is now recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Epidemiologic studies have quantified the impact of overweight and obesity on premature mortality; cardiovascular disease; type 2 diabetes; certain cancers; liver, gallbladder, and kidney disease; osteoarthritis; respiratory disease; reproductive complications; and health-related quality of life. Taken in aggregate, these studies support current guidelines setting the range for healthy weight at a body mass index of 18.5 to <25.
Why Art Does Not Need Copyright

This Article explores the escalating battles between visual art and copyright law in order to upend the most basic assumptions on which copyright protection for visual art is grounded. It is a foundational premise of intellectual property law that copyright is necessary for the “progress” of the arts. This Article demonstrates that this premise is flatly wrong when it comes to visual art. United States courts and scholars have come to understand copyright law almost universally in utilitarian terms; by this account, the reason we grant copyright to authors is to give them economic incentives to create culturally valuable works. But legal scholars have failed to recognize that their paradigm makes no sense when applied to visual art, one of the highest profile and most hotly contested fields in intellectual property law. This is because scholars have failed to take into account the single most important value for participants in the art market: the norm of authenticity, which renders copyright law superfluous. The fundamental assumption of copyright law — that the copy poses a threat to creativity — is simply not true for visual art. By juxtaposing copyright theory with the reality of the art market, this Article shows why copyright law does not — and cannot — incentivize the creation of visual art. In fact, copyright law, rather than being necessary for art’s flourishing, actually impedes it.
U.S. EPA Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate, Health (SEARCH) Center: Lessons Learned

While public health research is intended to provide societal benefits, challenges remain in translating science into action and in connecting the scientific community to stakeholders and decision m...
Hybrid Evaluating Method for Battlefield Support Capability of Field Petroleum Pipeline Unit Based on Support Vector Machine

The field POL (Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricants) service is very important for maintaining and enforcing battle effectiveness of unit. Key factors and important links of field POL support are studied. The efficiency evaluation index system is constructed. Thanks to much merits that the algorithm support vector machine (SVM) held, based on it, a hybrid evaluating method for the field POL support capability is proposed. It strongly support the POL service information system construction and POL service decision.
Mass-independent dunham analysis of the [7.7] Y 2Σ+ – X 2Πi and [16.3] A 2Σ− – X 2Πi transitions of copper monoxide, CuO

Abstract The electronic spectrum of CuO has been studied extensively experimentally. In his review on the spectroscopy of the 3d transition metal oxides (Merer, 1989), Anthony Merer summarized the available experimental data for CuO, which encompassed over 20 publications. There have been 4 subsequent publications on CuO that have included: high resolution Fourier-Transform emission spectroscopy (FTS) (O’Brien et al., 1996), mm- and sub-mm microwave absorption spectroscopy (Steimle et al., 1997), moderate resolution laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy (Jin et al., 2002), and high-resolution molecular beam LIF spectroscopy, both in the presence and absence of an external electric field (Zhuang et al., 2010). Despite this extensive study, analyses of spectra have been restricted to 63CuO, even though the natural abundance of 65Cu is significant (63Cu:65Cu is 69%:31%). Additionally, the Λ-doubling parameter for the X 2Πi state of CuO is assigned a negative sign in the FTS analysis, but is assigned a positive sign in the microwave and molecular beam LIF analyses. In this study, high resolution spectra for (0,0) and (1,1) bands of the [16.3] A 2Σ− – X 2Πi transition of CuO have been recorded using intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ILS). Features due to the (0,0) band of 65CuO were clearly identified in the spectra and included in the analysis. The CuO FTS spectrum was retrieved from the archive for the McMath-Pierce Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak, and several additional vibrational bands of the [7.7] Y 2Σ+ – X 2Πi transition of CuO were identified in the FTS data, including the (1,0), (0,0), and (0,1) bands of 65CuO. The ILS, FTS, microwave and molecular beam LIF data were simultaneously fit to a mass-independent Dunham type Hamiltonian using PGOPHER. In total, 13,019 observations were fit to 1 constrained and 46 floated parameters. The results of this simultaneous fit show a Cu-isotope dependent shift in electronic energy for the [7.7] Y 2Σ+ – X 2Πi and [16.3] A 2Σ− – X 2Πi transitions of CuO. The results also confirm that the sign of q in the X 2Πi ground state is negative. Potential energy curves were generated from the molecular constants obtained in the fit for the [7.7] Y 2Σ+ and X 2Πi states using the RKR method. These potential energy curves are significantly different and clearly indicate the Y and X state do not form a pure-precession pair.
A Novel Method of Analysis for Prolonged-Standing Data: Accounting for Joint and Muscle Discomfort

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Prolonged standing, often required in healthcare, factory, and retail jobs, is associated with adverse health effects. In the present study, we introduce a novel method fo...
Asymmetric gating for reducing leakage current in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

As continued silicon scaling is becoming increasingly challenging, emerging nanotechnologies such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being explored. However, experimental measurements of CNT Field-Effect Transistors (CNFETs) often exhibit substantial off-state leakage current (IOFF), resulting in increased leakage power and potential incorrect logic functionality. In this work, we (1) provide insight into a key component of this off-state leakage current and experimentally demonstrate that it stems from gate-induced drain leakage commonly referred to as GIDL, (2) provide an experimentally calibrated model that closely matches our measured results, and (3) demonstrate a path for mitigating GIDL current by engineering CNFET geometries with asymmetric gates: local back-gate CNFETs whose gate overlaps the source but not the drain. We demonstrate experimentally that this approach can reduce off-state leakage current by >60× at the same bias voltage (implemented across a wide range of scaled CNFETs with gate lengths ranging from >2 μm to 180 nm). This reduced leakage current due to the asymmetric gates translates to additional energy-efficiency benefits for CNFETs. Thus, this work addresses a key challenge facing CNFET-based electronics (while simultaneously providing additional energy-efficiency benefits) and is applicable to a wide-range of emerging one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials.
Navigating History and Tradition while Creating and Designing

This article ponders the question “If we were not tied to history and tradition, would we still choose to do physical education in this same way?” and offers three iterative steps as one strategy p...
Comparison of methodological approaches to human gut microbiota changes in response to metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic review

Substantial differences in the response of gut microbial composition to metabolic and bariatric surgery have been reported. Therefore, the goal of the present review is to evaluate if methodological differences could be driving this lack of consistency. A search was conducted using PUBMED, Web of Science, Science Direct and COCHRANE using the following inclusion criteria: human studies written in English with a baseline sampling point, using gut microbiota as an outcome and either Roux-n-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Sixteen articles were selected (total 221 participants). Roux-n-Y gastric bypass caused more alterations in gut microbial composition in comparison with sleeve gastrectomy. Substantial variability was found in study designs, data collection and analyses across studies. Increases in several families and genera from the phylum Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the family Streptococcaceae, the species Akkermansia muciniphila and Streptococcus salivarius and a decrease in the phylum Firmicutes and the family Bifidobacteriaceae were reported. There is a need for standardization not only of microbial analysis but also of study designs when analysing the effect of bariatric surgery on the human gut microbiome. In addition, outcomes from different surgical procedures should not be combined as they produce distinctive effects on gut microbial composition.
Initial prominence and progressive vowel harmony in Tutrugbu

One of the key elements of constraint-based formalisms is their ability to derive a variety of effects from the interaction of general constraints. As for vowel harmony, one persistent question within Optimality Theory is how to encode directionality – directly through directional harmony-driving constraints, or indirectly through asymmetric prominence patterns. This paper presents a typologically unusual case of progressive harmony triggered by prefixes in Tutrugbu. We compare analyzing harmony as purely progressive in a direct sense with an indirect analysis that motivates harmony from initial-syllable prominence. Based on both language-internal and typological evidence, we argue that the prominence-based analysis is superior. We generalize to suggest that progressive harmony should always be reducible to independent factors, and as a result, formalized indirectly through prominence.
A Primate-Inspired Autonomous Navigation Algorithm Using the Cognitive Mechanism of Mental Rotation

Though significant progress on autonomous navigation has been made, the natural world offers interesting examples of navigational techniques that are worth exploring and understanding. The cognitive mechanism of mental rotation has been revealed in numerous cognitive and neuroscientific experiments; its reason for existence and evolution, however, has yet to be thoroughly understood. It is speculated that this mechanism may assist primates in navigation. This paper explores how mental rotation can be used in navigation by developing an autonomous robotic navigation algorithm that draws inspiration from the mechanism. This algorithm was tested on a robot tasked with navigating to a specified goal location contained within the agent's initial view. The testing suggests that mental rotation can be used as an asset in navigation.
Model Predictive Current Control of Mutually Coupled Switched Reluctance Machines using a Three-Phase Voltage Source Converter

In this paper, a model predictive current controller (MPCC) is proposed for short-pitched mutually coupled switched reluctance machines (MCSRMs) using a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) to achieve fast dynamics and advanced current tracking ability. Due to strong mutually coupling between phases, to our knowledge, MPCC for MCSRMs has not been studied yet. A two-order flux-based prediction model of the MCSRMs using the VSC is presented with standard state space equations in discrete-time domain, based on which, the current regulation is achieved by solving a constrained optimization problem. With the receding optimal duty ratio input, MPCC demonstrates good current tracking ability, which is verified by simulations with a three-phase, sinusoidal excitation 12/8 MCSRM. Compared to hysteresis current control, the current response with MPCC bears lower current ripples and a fixed switching frequency.