cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dephosphorylation and Genome-Wide Association of Maf1 with Pol III-Transcribed Genes during Repression

Nutrient deprivation and various stress conditions repress RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription in S. cerevisiae. The signaling pathways that relay stress and nutrient conditions converge on the conserved protein Maf1, but how Maf1 integrates environmental conditions and couples them to transcriptional repression is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Maf1 is phosphorylated in favorable conditions, whereas diverse unfavorable conditions lead to rapid Maf1 dephosphorylation, nuclear localization, physical association of dephosphorylated Maf1 with Pol III, and Maf1 targeting to Pol III-transcribed genes genome wide. Furthermore, Maf1 mutants defective in full dephosphorylation display maf1Δ phenotypes and are compromised for both nuclear localization and Pol III association. Repression conditions also promote TFIIIB-TFIIIC interactions in crosslinked chromatin. Taken together, Maf1 appears to integrate environmental conditions and signaling pathways through its phosphorylation state, with stress leading to dephosphorylation, association with Pol III at target loci, alterations in basal factor interactions, and transcriptional repression.
In psychosis, cortical interneurons overexpress DNA-methyltransferase 1

Abstract Cortical DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is preferentially expressed in interneurons secreting GABA where it very likely contributes to promoter CpG island hypermethylation, thus causing a down-regulation of promoter functions. To consolidate and expand on previous findings that, in the cortex of schizophrenia (SZ) brains, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression is down-regulated whereas that of DNMT1 is up-regulated, we studied both parameters in Brodmann's area (BA) 9 from the McLean 66 Cohort Collection (Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, Belmont, MA). In BA9 of SZ and bipolar disorder patients with psychosis, DNMT1 mRNA and protein expression preferentially increases in layer I, II, and IV interneurons, and this increase is paralleled by a decreased number of GAD67 mRNA-positive neurons. The increase in DNMT1 and the decrease in GAD67-expressing neurons were unrelated to postmortem interval, pH, RNA quality, or to the presence, dose, or duration of antipsychotic (APS) medication, with the exception of a subgroup of SZ patients treated with a combination of valproate and APS in which the expression of DNMT1 failed to change. The DNMT1 increase and the GAD67 decrease in BA9 interneurons are significant features of SZ and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Interestingly, the DNMT1 increase failed to occur when patients with psychosis received a combination of valproate and APS treatment but not APS monotherapy. bipolar disorder glutamic acid decarboxylase schizophrenia valproate antipsychotics
Getting started in simulation in healthcare

To begin using simulation in healthcare, one must first recognize the types of problems or decisions that can best be analyzed using simulation. Once a problem has been identified, a well-established series of steps for attacking a simulation problem should be followed. The first half of the discussion will focus on identifying applications, to help identify the problems amenable to solution by simulation. Specifically, a description of applications in the following two major categories is provided: (1) "analytic" decisions with uncertain components; and (2) comparison of alternative systems for determining resource or scheduling requirements. The second half of the discussion includes recommendations for some of the steps in conducting a healthcare simulation project, including model building; data collection, setting assumptions, and documentation; validation; reporting results; and implementation.
Resistance Training and Pioglitazone Lead to Improvements in Muscle Power During Voluntary Weight Loss in Older Adults

OVERWEIGHT and obesity are associated with a wide range of diseases (1) and constitute one of the most prevalent and disabling problems among older adults in the United States (2). Obese persons have poorer relative strength, an increased risk for mobility limitations, and increased risk of impaired physical function, all of which contribute to a higher risk for institutionalization and death (3–5). In spite of this, whether or not overweight or obese older adults should engage in “intentional” weight loss is controversial (6–8). One concern is that while voluntary weight loss reduces fat mass, it also reduces lean body mass (LBM), which may lead to impairments in muscle strength and power, resulting in limitations in physical function (9,10). Therefore, a strong rationale exists for incorporating resistance exercise in weight loss interventions for overweight or obese older adults (11,12). Currently, there are limited data on the effect of weight loss combined with resistance training (RT) on changes in LBM and muscle strength and power in this population. Fat infiltration in muscle has been associated with reduced strength and lower extremity function and with increased risk of mobility loss in older men and women (13,14). Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist used in treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) appears to change the distribution of fat within the body, resulting in a significant decrease in the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (15). Interestingly, pioglitazone has also been shown to decrease intramyocellular lipid content in individuals with T2D (16,17). Therefore, treatment with pioglitazone may be a novel approach to preserve or improve muscle function in older adults undergoing weight loss treatment. Whether or not it may work synergistically with resistance exercise to augment increases in muscle strength and power has not been studied. We examined the effects of RT and/or pioglitazone treatment on muscle power and strength in overweight or obese older women and men without T2D undergoing voluntary weight loss via caloric restriction. This is a secondary data analysis from a study designed to examine two differing strategies for affecting two different tissue compartments during weight loss: RT to reduce lean mass loss and pioglitazone to accelerate visceral fat loss (18).
The life cycle and productivity of the amphipod Gammarus mucronatus on a northern Massachusetts salt marsh

Gammarus mucronatus was the dominant amphipod found in the salt marsh pools of the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge. Densities were positively and highly associated with the presence of floating algal mat dominated by CZadophora spp. Gammarus mucronatus is multivoltine with some overlap of cohorts. The first juveniles appeared in April, first adults matured in May at 3.5-4.5-mm length (77% mature at 4.5 mm). Individuals from the last cohort, which began in November, matured at larger sizes (15% at 4.5 mm, 100% at 6.5 mm). The equation of egg number (N) against length of female (L) was N = 9.OOL - 36.3 1 for overwintered females and N = 3.05L - 3.38 for the smaller summer females. Egg production was equivalent to 2.5 kcal m-2 yr-‘. The mean cohort interval was 112 days and mean cohort turnover rate (P : B) was 4.3. The two midsummer cohorts had the lowest growth efficiencies, 0.34 and 0.37. The first cohort, spanning 77 days (2 1 April-9 July), contributed the highest daily rates, mom than half the annual production (8.7 g m-2), and the highest growth efficiency, 0.56. Several approaches to the calculation of annual production yielded a range of 12.4-15.8 g m-2 yr-I dry wt with turnover rates also from 12.4 to 15.8. Mean annual production was equivalent to 64.1 and respiration to 67.0 kcal m-2. When coupled with egg production this gave a mean growth efficiency of 0.50. When the values for respiration, growth, and reproduction are summed, the energy flow through G. mucronatus is equivalent to 5.8% of the net annual primary production in these pools.
Adsorption Sites on Pd/Al2O3

Abstract On a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, CO and H2 interact to form CH3O on the Al2O3 support. This CH3O hydrogenates to CH4 at a faster rate than the CO adsorbed on Pd. At high CH3O coverages, CH3O decomposition competes with hydrogenation. The effects of H2 pressure and adsorption temperature on the rate of CH3O formation were measured. Isotope studies show that CO adsorbs on Pd and then spills over onto Al2O3 where CH3O is more readily hydrogenated to CH4. The higher methanation activity of CH3O than of CO on Pd may be responsible for the much higher, steady-state methanation activity observed for Pd/Al2O3 than for Pd/SiO2 catalysts.
Estimation of a large-scale generalized Volterra model for neural ensembles with group lasso and local coordinate descent

Estimation of neural models based on observed spike timing faces challenges as the amount of recorded units increases, especially when identifying detailed model features. Given that neural regions are generally sparsely connected, input selection is a critical step in model estimation but oftentimes computationally and theoretically challenging. In this paper, we detail an efficient methodology for estimating a sparse, nonlinear dynamical multiple-input, single-output model (MISO) applicable to large-scale (n > 50) single-unit recorded activity. The main contribution of this paper is the complete implementation of a principled group-lasso and local coordinate descent (LCD) algorithm into a generalized Volterra model (GVM) framework to achieve efficient sparse model estimation. Input selection is achieved with group-lasso by simultaneously selecting groups of parameters that are associated with each input. LCD yields efficient computation as the amount of inputs and parameters increase. We investigate and validate the performance of this estimation procedure with the application to a 64 input simulated model.
Female Sexual Behavior

In a review of reproduction in the golden hamster published in 1968, Kent devoted less than four pages to a relatively exhaustive survey of the existing literature on female sexual behavior. The current review will summarize findings that have appeared in the intervening 15 years. In that period, research on the female hamster increased exponentially. The hamster has taken over an important position, probably second only to the domestic rat, in its popularity as a laboratory subject for studies of female sexual behavior.
Fuzzy Relational Products in Knowledge Engineering

This paper attempts to give an overview of the way in which certain unconventional types of relational products (introduced by Bandler and Kohout in mid 1970s) work, both from the mathematical side and in concrete solution of problems of interest in knowledge engineering. The mathematical definitions of three families of fuzzy produets, namely of Triangle Subproduct x( R⊲ S)z, Triangle Superproduct x( R ⊳ S)z and Square product x(RDS)z are given, together with a theoretical semantic device called the checklist paradigm which gives the theoretical bounds on the performance of particular many-valued implication operators and other connectives used to define specijic produets of each of the above families. The paper is concluded with abrief survey of fast fuzzy relational algorithms for testing local relational properties, an up-to-date survey of applications, and a seleetive bibliography.
Programmed hyperphagia in offspring of obese dams: Altered expression of hypothalamic nutrient sensors, neurogenic factors and epigenetic modulators.

Maternal overnutrition results in programmed offspring obesity, mediated in part, by hyperphagia. This is remarkably similar to the effects of maternal undernutrition on offspring hyperphagia and obesity. In view of the marked differences in the energy environment of the over and under-nutrition exposures, we studied the expression of select epigenetic modifiers associated with energy imbalance including neurogenic factors and appetite/satiety neuropeptides which are indicative of neurogenic differentiation. HF offspring were exposed to maternal overnutrition (high fat diet; HF) during pregnancy and lactation. We determined the protein expression of energy sensors (mTOR, pAMPK), epigenetic factors (DNA methylase, DNMT1; histone deacetylase, SIRT1/HDAC1), neurogenic factors (Hes1, Mash1, Ngn3) and appetite/satiety neuropeptides (AgRP/POMC) in newborn hypothalamus and adult arcuate nucleus (ARC). Despite maternal obesity, male offspring born to obese dams had similar body weight at birth as Controls. However, when nursed by the same dams, male offspring of obese dams exhibited marked adiposity. At 1 day of age, HF newborn males had significantly decreased energy sensors, DNMT1 including Hes1 and Mash1, which may impact neuroprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. This is consistent with increased AgRP in HF newborns. At 6 months of age, HF adult males had significantly increased energy sensors and decreased histone deactylases. In addition, the persistent decreased Hes1, Mash1 as well as Ngn3 are consistent with increased AgRP and decreased POMC. Thus, altered energy sensors and epigenetic responses which modulate gene expression and adult neuronal differentiation may contribute to hyperphagia and obesity in HF male offspring.
Direct charge transfer of He+ in neon.

The cross sections for direct charge transfer of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ions in low-energy collisions with neon atoms are calculated in a diabatic formulation for several choices of the origin of coordinates. It is shown numerically that the omission of electronic translation factors creates serious uncertainties at intermediate energies. The differences in the cross sections diminish as the collision energies increase to 900 eV where they attain a value of 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Direct charge transfer is more efficient than radiative charge transfer at energies above about 25 eV.
Problematic issues in the early years of marriage: Content for premarital education.

This article presents findings about problematic issues from a national study of couples married five years or less. It argues that the top 10 issues identified as problematic suggest key content a...
Erratum: 0.5 gigapixel microscopy using a flatbed scanner: erratum.

When one uses USAF target to calibrate the resolution of an imaging system, the periodicity of the smallest resolvable line should be used to define the limit. However, in the original paper, the line width of the resolution target was used to characterize the resolution of our microscope system, resulting in an overestimation of the performance of the imaging system. In this erratum, we correct the parts that state incorrect resolution and also re-evaluate the performance of our micoscope.
The effect of folate supplementation and genotype on cardiovascular and epigenetic measures in schizophrenia subjects.

Metabolic syndrome may be related to folate’s pharmacogenetically regulated metabolism and atypical antipsychotic (AAP) exposure. We examined folate supplementation on metabolic measures, endothelial functioning (Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI)), and global methylation in AAP-treated schizophrenia subjects meeting NCEP-ATP-III-a metabolic syndrome criteria. Subjects were given 5 mg/day open label folate for 3 months. Baseline and end point measurements included RHI, body mass index, fasting metabolic laboratory measures, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, IL-6, and leptin. Subjects were genotyped for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 158 Val/Met, as well as global DNA methylation using the LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA). Thirty-five subjects (mean age 50±9 years and 70% Caucasian) were included. At end point, RHI improved by 20% (P=0.02), homocysteine decreased 14% (P=0.006), and IL-6 decreased 13% (P=0.09). At baseline, 61% met endothelial dysfunction criteria (RHI<1.67), which decreased to 27% (P=0.0006) at end point. The MTHFR 677C/C+COMT 158Met/Met group also showed significant reduction in those meeting endothelial dysfunction (83% baseline and 16% end point (P=0.001)). Global methylation levels increased after supplementation (4.3%, P<0.0001), with subjects receiving olanzapine or clozapine experiencing greater methylation changes after folate supplementation. Folate may reduce AAP-associated metabolic risks. We report significant reductions in the number of subjects meeting endothelial dysfunction. Given that all subjects met metabolic syndrome criteria, this may prove as a useful avenue to reducing cardiovascular disease risk. MTHFR and COMT genotypes may affect response and underlying changes in DNA methylation may help to explain the mechanistic underpinnings of these findings. High daily doses of folic acid could reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Vicki Ellingrod at the University of Michigan and colleagues sought to clarify why these patients are at high risk for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease by testing the theory that schizophrenic patients who take antipsychotic drugs have altered folate metabolism—resulting in a build-up of the amino acid homocysteine, which in turn boosts cardiovascular risk. The researchers supplemented the diets of schizophrenia patients with 5 mg folic acid daily. Three months later, reductions in risk for metabolic syndrome were seen, and they also showed an improvement in endothelial function, a marker of overall cardiovascular disease risk. These findings may prove useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia patients.
The End of Obamacare

Health care reform in the United States is headed backward. It is uncertain which parts of the Affordable Care Act will survive past 2017 and what will follow it. What is certain is that Obamacare as we know it will end.
Mediating Large Disputes

The principal case that follows draws together many of the ideas introduced earlier in the book. The central dispute was over the proposed construction of the Foothills Dam near Denver, Colorado. It involved scores of parties, raised questions about the accuracy of key data, ultimately required mediation, and almost went unresolved because of problems in binding the parties. In short, the case provides a rich opportunity for synthesizing material that has been developed throughout the book.
Cataract-associated P23T γD-crystallin retains a native-like fold in amorphous-looking aggregates formed at physiological pH

Cataracts cause vision loss through the large-scale aggregation of eye lens proteins as a result of ageing or congenital mutations. The development of new treatments is hindered by uncertainty about the nature of the aggregates and their mechanism of formation. We describe the structure and morphology of aggregates formed by the P23T human γD-crystallin mutant associated with congenital cataracts. At physiological pH, the protein forms aggregates that look amorphous and disordered by electron microscopy, reminiscent of the reported formation of amorphous deposits by other crystallin mutants. Surprisingly, solid-state NMR reveals that these amorphous deposits have a high degree of structural homogeneity at the atomic level and that the aggregated protein retains a native-like conformation, with no evidence for large-scale misfolding. Non-physiological destabilizing conditions used in many in vitro aggregation studies are shown to yield qualitatively different, highly misfolded amyloid-like fibrils.
118 : Modulation of Treg and Th17 fate decision by selective ikaros zinc fingers

TGF-β is a common factor important for the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 and anti-inflammatory inducible Treg cells. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the fate decision of differentiating CD4+ T cells in the presence of TGF-β is poorly understood. Here, we show that distinctive N-terminal DNA-binding zinc fingers of Ikaros play essential roles in Treg and Th17 fate decision. Ikaros has a highly conserved DNA-binding domain near the N-terminus with four tandem zinc fingers. Zinc fingers 2 and 3 are required for stable binding to DNA, whereas fingers 1 and 4 appear to be important for differentially modulating binding properties to specific sites at target genes. Our data show that T cells lacking Ikaros zinc finger 4 but not 1 failed to differentiate into Foxp3+ Tregs upon TGF-β stimulation. Instead, TGF-β-polarized Ikaros mutant cells lacking zinc finger 4 displayed aberrant upregulation of Th17-associated cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. In Ikaros zinc finger 4 mutant cells, IL-17 but not IL-22 upregulation is dependent on transcription factor RORγt. Despite the enhancement of IL-22 in Ikaros mutant cells lacking zinc finger 4, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, an essential transcription factor required for IL-22 expression, was unexpectedly decreased. Together, our data uncover a novel selective requirement for Ikaros zinc fingers in the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells and an intricate interplay among various transcription factors in programming Th17 and Treg lineages.
A general-purpose collaborative system: Theory and design of the dialogic web

This paper describes the underlying theory and ongoing development of a general-purpose collaborative system. Rooted in the critical literary theories of Barthes and Bakhtin, the dialogic web provides a potential solution to problems of collaboration in knowledge-intensive environments.
Anti-PD-1 Antibody Treatment Promotes Clearance of Persistent Cryptococcal Lung Infection in Mice.

Activation of immunomodulatory pathways in response to invasive fungi can impair clearance and promote persistent infections. The programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) signaling pathway inhibits immune effector responses against tumors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors that block this pathway are being increasingly used as cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether this pathway contributes to persistent fungal infection and to determine whether anti–PD-1 Ab treatment improves fungal clearance. Studies were performed using C57BL/6 mice infected with a moderately virulent strain of Cryptococcus neoformans (52D), which resulted in prolonged elevations in fungal burden and histopathologic evidence of chronic lung inflammation. Persistent infection was associated with increased and sustained expression of PD-1 on lung lymphocytes, including a mixed population of CD4 + T cells. In parallel, expression of the PD-1 ligands, PD-1 ligands 1 and 2, was similarly upregulated on specific subsets of resident and recruited lung dendritic cells and macrophages. Treatment of persistently infected mice for 4 wk by repetitive administration of neutralizing anti–PD-1 Ab significantly improved pulmonary fungal clearance. Treatment was well tolerated without evidence of morbidity. Immunophenotyping revealed that anti–PD-1 Ab treatment did not alter immune effector cell numbers or myeloid cell activation. Treatment did reduce gene expression of IL-5 and IL-10 by lung leukocytes and promoted sustained upregulation of OX40 by Th1 and Th17 cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PD-1 signaling promotes persistent cryptococcal lung infection and identifies this pathway as a potential target for novel immune-based treatments of chronic fungal disease.
Learning Single Index Models in Gaussian Space

We consider regression problems where the response is a smooth but non-linear function of a \(k\)-dimensional projection of \(p\) normally-distributed covariates, contaminated with additive Gaussian noise. The goal is to recover the range of the \(k\)-dimensional projection, i.e., the index space. This model is called the multi-index model, and the \(k=1\) case is called the single-index model. For the single-index model, we characterize the population landscape of a natural semi-parametric maximum likelihood objective in terms of the link function and prove that it has no spurious local minima. We also propose and analyze an efficient iterative procedure that recovers the index space up to error \(\varepsilon\) using a sample size \(\tilde{O}(p^{O(R^2/\mu)} + p/\varepsilon^2)\), where \(R\) and \(\mu\), respectively, parameterize the smoothness of the link function and the signal strength. When a multi-index model is incorrectly specified as a single-index model, we prove that essentially the same procedure, with sample size \(\tilde{O}(p^{O(kR^2/\mu)} + p/\varepsilon^2)\), returns a vector that is \(\varepsilon\)-close to being completely in the index space.
Botulinum toxin in essential hand tremor - A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study with customized injection approach

Abstract Introduction To evaluate the safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA (IncoA) injection for treatment of essential hand tremor. In essential tremor and Parkinson's disease tremor, administration of onabotulinumtoxinA via a fixed injection approach improves the tremor but a high percentage of patients (30–70%) develop moderate to severe hand weakness which has limited its use in clinical practice. Methods This study was performed from July 2013 to July 2016 on 33 subjects. This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial injecting 80–120 units of IncoA into 8–14 hand and forearm muscles using a customized approach. The subjects were followed for 28 weeks. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by the Fahn Tolosa Marin tremor rating score and NIH genetic criteria for tremor severity at 4 and 8 weeks after each of the two sets of treatments. Hand strength was assessed by an ergometer. Results There was statistically significant improvement in clinical rating score of tremor at 4 and 8 weeks following the IncoA injection. Conclusion In this study, injection of IncoA treatment via a customized approach improved essential tremor on the clinical scales and patient's perception with a low occurrence of significant hand weakness.
A Choice of Practical Approaches to Overcome the Nonuniqueness Problem of the BEM in Acoustic Radiation and Scattering

In this paper, recent developments of the BEM in acoustics to overcome the nonuniqueness problem are briefly reviewed. These include two improved CHIEF methods and the Burton and Miller method using a hypersingular integral formulation. A so-called “Hyper-CHIEF” method is also introduced in this paper. The Hyper-CHIEF method is simply a hybrid method that uses the hypersingular integral equation in the CHIEF sense. This will allow users to select only a small amount of hypersingular integral equations to be used in the Burton and Miller method.
Direction of Causation

The past 15 years have seen a broadening of the focus of studies in behavioral genetics and genetic epidemiology. Rather than concentrating exclusively on a single behavioral domain (e.g., IQ or personality or psychiatric disorder or a behavioral risk-factor for major chronic disease), researchers have attempted to assess numerous behavioral domains and environmental risk-factors in a single study. There has been a corresponding growth of interest in identifying ‘intervening’ or ‘mediating’ variables in the causal pathway pathway from genotype and environment to outcome. In alcoholism research, for example, the hypothesis has been advanced (e.g., Tartar et al., 1985; Cloninger, 1987) that the genetic influence on risk of alcoholism (Heath et al., 1990) is in part explained by the inheritance of temperamental or personality factors which in turn influence an individual’s risk of becoming alcoholic. The growing interest in genotype-environment correlation, particularly the extent to which an individual’s genotype shapes the environment to which she or he is exposed (Eaves et al., 1977; Plomin et al., 1977; Scarr and McCartney, 1983; Plomin and Bergeman, 1991), has led to the formulation of competing hypotheses about how inherited differences in personality, temperament, or other behavioral variables might influence the environment to which an individual exposes herself (e.g., adverse life-events). These environmental agents in turn may increase the risk of psychiatric disorder (e.g., depression: Kendler et al., 1992d). In such cases we need to go beyond merely demonstrating that an outcome variable is influenced by genetic factors, in tests of univariate genetic models (Chapter 8), or merely demonstrating that this variable loads on the same genetic factor(s) as measures of temperament and personality or measures of environmental exposure, in a multivariate genetic analysis (Chapter 12).
TRANSFER RNA's IN BRAIN

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the presence of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in brain. There is a general agreement among tRNA-philes that this family of macromolecules lies squarely astride the crossroads linking polynucleotides to polypeptides and that the principal role of tRNA in any cell is to make possible cell-specific protein synthesis. In addition to its well-known role as a specific acceptor molecule for amino acids engaged in cellular protein synthesis, tRNA intervenes in the regulation of protein synthesis in specialized cells, which produce larger amounts of a particular protein as a norm or which exhibit such tendencies under special circumstances during their life cycle. In a given tissue, the relative amounts of each free or aminoacylated tRNA are directly related to the amino-acid composition of the proteins synthesized in that tissue. The chapter describes an earlier study in which both the levels and the proportion of individual tRNA to the total tRNA population in rat and mouse brains were found to vary rather widely during early postnatal development. The observed changes could not be correlated with changes in the concentration of the cognate-free amino acids.
Neurological symptoms in Hypophosphatasia

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) typically manifests with fractures, tooth loss, and muscle pain. Although mental health diagnoses and neurological symptoms have not been previously well documented in HPP, they occur commonly. The recognition of non-traditional symptoms may improve patient satisfaction, preempt costly evaluation and misdiagnosis, and lead to further treatment options. Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). It is traditionally characterized by rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, along with fractures, tooth loss, and muscle pain. Neurological symptoms and mental health diagnoses have not been widely reported, and we therefore report their prevalence in a cohort of patients with HPP. A retrospective chart review was performed on a series of 82 HPP patients. Patient charts were reviewed to identify the possible presence and onset of 13 common neurological symptoms. Median age was 36 years (2 to 79). Seventeen had adult onset HPP (> 18 years) and 65 had pediatric onset HPP (< 18 years). Median time from symptom onset to HPP diagnosis was 8 years (0 to 67). Seventy-four percent had a family history of bone disease, while 17% had a family history of neurologic disease. Bone problems occurred in 89%, dental problems in 77%, and muscle problems in 66%. Fatigue occurred in 66%, headache in 61%, sleep disturbance in 51%, gait change in 44%, vertigo in 43%, depression in 39%, anxiety in 35%, neuropathy in 35%, and hearing loss in 33%. The extra-skeletal manifestations of HPP, specifically neurological symptoms, have not been previously well documented. However, mental health diagnoses and neurological symptoms such as headache and sleep disturbance occur commonly in patients with HPP. The recognition of non-traditional symptoms in HPP may improve patient satisfaction, preempt costly evaluation and misdiagnosis, and may lead to further treatment options.
Defamation by Slander and Libel in the Workplace and Recommendations to Avoid Legal Liability

Defamation, or defamation of character, is heard often in the media when one person has supposedly made a false statement that harmed another’s reputation in some manner. However, the legal wrong or tort of defamation can take place in the employment context when employers or managers make an intentionally false statement that harms an employee’s character and career. This article illustrates the difference between “slander” and “libel” and discuss the privileges and defenses to defamation, especially the qualified privilege as it applies in the employment context. We discuss the implications of this tort in the workplace and provide recommendations on how to avoid liability for defamation.
The Great Migration: How IT Training Moved From Live Workshops to Asynchronous Online Courses

Due to changes in the technology training landscape, IT Training (part of University IT Services at Indiana University) needed to change their training model from classroom-led workshops to online, self-study courses in order to effectively meet learner needs. The process involved exploring how to convert and structure existing training content, finding ways to keep the content engaging, and determining how best to provide content to both IU and non-IU audiences. The process of migrating from in-person training to online content was not without its problems, but when the courses were released in their new format, learner reception was positive.
Enriching Public Sector with Strategic Management

Although scholars question the relevance of management research to the public sector, evidence shows that the United States federal government is committed to improving decision-making and public m...
Generalisation and maintenance across word classes: comparing the efficacy of two anomia treatments in improving verb naming

ABSTRACTBackground: Many language treatments have been developed to remediate anomia, a debilitating and pervasive symptom of aphasia. The two major types of anomia treatments, semantic and phonological, have been shown to improve spoken production of trained words. However, generalisation to untrained words has been considerably variable and few studies have examined the improvement of untrained words from a different word class despite the presence of unbalanced noun-verb impairments in the majority of people with aphasia.Aim: This retrospective study investigated within and between treatment group effects of two anomia treatments (Semantic Feature Analysis, SFA, and Phonomotor Treatment, PMT) on naming of untrained verbs.Methods & Procedures: The data for this study were retrospectively analysed from a randomised controlled trial with 57 persons with aphasia randomised to one of two treatment groups. Each participant received 56–60 hours of intensively delivered treatment over 6 weeks, with testing bef...
Profile and Level of Satisfaction of Patients Attended at the Dentistry Clinic of the Catholic University Center of Quixadá / CE

Conhecer a satisfacao dos usuarios e de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de acoes e melhorias da qualidade de atendimento da universidade, alem de ajudar na formacao de profissionais qualificados, que prestam servico a comunidade. O objetivo desse artigo foi conhecer o perfil social, demografico, economico e avaliar o grau de satisfacao dos pacientes atendidos pelos alunos de graduacao na clinica de odontologia do Centro Universitario Catolica de Quixada, Ceara, no periodo de fevereiro a abril de 2018. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, populacional, transversal, quantitativo, utilizando um questionario com questoes objetivas, apresentando informacoes sobre variaveis socioeconomicas e a satisfacao do paciente, sendo aplicado com 100 pacientes. A media de idade dos participantes foi de 25,9 anos, houve a predominância do sexo feminino com 65% (n=65), a maioria dos participantes eram de Quixada 88% (n=88), quanto a renda familiar 58% (n=58) dos usuarios possuia uma renda de ate um salario minimo. Quanto a satisfacao dos atendimentos recebidos pelos alunos 76% (n=76) dos participantes do estudo disseram ser otimo. Foi possivel concluir que a maior parte dos usuarios entrevistados da pesquisa demonstraram grande satisfacao com relacao a qualidade do servico odontologico prestados pelos alunos na clinica do Centro Universitario catolica de Quixada.Palavras-chave: Saude Bucal. Servicos de Saude. Comportamento do Consumidor. AbstractKnowing user satisfaction is of crucial importance for the development of actions and improvements in the quality of care of the university, as well as help in the training of qualified professionals, who provide service to the community. The objective of this article was to know the social, demographic, economic profile and to evaluate the patients’ degree of satisfaction attended by undergraduate students in the dentistry clinic of Quixada Catholic University Center, Ceara, from February to April 2018. This is a descriptive, population, transversal, quantitative study, using a questionnaire with objective questions, presenting information on socioeconomic variables and patient satisfaction, being applied with 100 patients. The mean age of the participants was 25.9 years, there was a predominance of females with 65% (n = 65), most participants were Quixada 88% (n = 88), and family income 58% (n = 58) of the users had an income of up to a minimum wage. Regarding the satisfaction of the attendance received by the students, 76% (n = 76) of the study participants said that it was great. It was possible to conclude that the majority of the interviewed users of the study showed great satisfaction regarding the quality of the dental service provided by the students in the clinic of the Quixada Catholic University Center.Keywords: Oral Health. Health Services. Consumer’s Behavior.
Think fast: The role of thin slices of behavior in employee selection decisions

This study integrates past research addressing decision‐making, employee selection, and influence processes in an attempt to provide both a theoretical and empirical foundation for future research addressing initial impressions throughout the interview process. Using data from a simulated hiring situation comprised of 28 recruiters and 229 applicants, the results suggest that initial impressions formed at the beginning of the interview make a substantive impact on final impressions. However, impressions formed at the career fair do not appear to impact final impressions without considering the interactive effects of decision confidence. Hypotheses proposing that decision confidence would moderate linkages between initial impressions formed at the beginning of the interview and both interview scores and final impressions were not supported. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for selection.
Hospitalization, Alzheimer's Disease and Related Neuropathologies, and Cognitive Decline

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease and related neuropathologies contribute to the association between hospitalization and cognitive decline in old age. METHODS As part of a longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort study, 526 older persons (mean age at death = 90.9 years, 71% female) without dementia at baseline completed annual cognitive testing and were autopsied at death. Hospitalization information was obtained from linked Medicare claims records. Neuropathologic examination assessed β-amyloid burden, tau tangle density, neocortical Lewy bodies, hippocampal sclerosis, chronic gross and microscopic cerebral infarcts, and transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa. RESULTS Over a mean of 5.1 years, a total of 1,383 hospitalizations occurred, and the mean annual rate of hospitalization was 0.5 (standard deviation = 0.6, median = 0.4). Higher rate of hospitalization was not directly related to higher burden for any of the neuropathologic markers. Higher rate of hospitalization was associated with more rapid cognitive decline (estimate = -0.042, standard error [SE] = 0.012, p < 0.001), and after controlling for all 7 neuropathologic markers, the association was essentially the same (estimate = -0.040, SE = 0.013, p = 0.002). In a multivariable model with 3-way interactions of neuropathologic markers with hospitalization rate and time, the association between hospitalization rate and faster cognitive decline was greater in persons with more tangle pathology (estimate for interaction = -0.007, SE = 0.002, p = 0.002) and in persons with neocortical Lewy bodies (estimate for interaction = -0.117, SE = 0.042, p = 0.005). INTERPRETATION Older persons with more hospitalizations experienced faster rates of cognitive decline, and this association was more pronounced in persons with more tau tangle density and with neocortical Lewy body pathologies. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:844-852.
Considerations on nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: it is time to update?

The prognosis and the clinical manifestations of HIV infection have changed with the introduction of the potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART); however, up to 50% of patients meet research criteria for “HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders” (HAND) according with current nosology. The majority of patients affected by HAND, especially in cohorts with suppressed plasma viremia, showed an Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI), without any functional impairment. After more than 10 years from the introduction of the current so-called “Frascati criteria”, this mini-review aimed to address the emerging limitations in current diagnosis procedures. We discussed the most relevant literature on HAND prevalence, etiology, and diagnosis. We addressed three main emerging issues: (1) the unclear clinical relevance of ANI entity; (2) the evidences that Frascati criteria could produce a significant overestimation of HAND; (3) the need to better identify patients with a higher risk to develop HAND requiring routine neuropsychological examinations. Frascati criteria should be updated to better respond to the present characteristics of HIV + cohorts and to help clinicians in their cognitive and global management.
Augmented reality in medical education: a systematic review.

Introduction The field of augmented reality (AR) is rapidly growing with many new potential applications in medical education. This systematic review investigated the current state of augmented reality applications (ARAs) and developed an analytical model to guide future research in assessing ARAs as teaching tools in medical education. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and included publications from January 1, 2000 to June 18, 2018. Inclusion criteria were experimental studies evaluating ARAs implemented in healthcare education published in English. Our review evaluated study quality and determined whether studies assessed ARA validity using criteria established by the GRADE Working Group and Gallagher et al., respectively. These findings were used to formulate an analytical model to assess the readiness of ARAs for implementation in medical education. Results We identified 100,807 articles in the initial literature search; 36 met inclusion criteria for final review and were categorized into three categories: Surgery (23), Anatomy (9), and Other (4). The overall quality of the studies was poor and no ARA was tested for all five stages of validity. Our analytical model evaluates the importance of research quality, application content, outcomes, and feasibility of an ARA to gauge its readiness for implementation. Conclusion While AR technology is growing at a rapid rate, the current quality and breadth of AR research in medical training is insufficient to recommend the adoption into educational curricula. We hope our analytical model will help standardize AR assessment methods and define the role of AR technology in medical education.
PRE-OPERATIVE LEFT VENTRICULAR END-SYSTOLIC VOLUME, NOT DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION, IS ASSOCIATED WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANT

Heart failure after liver transplant (LT) is hypothesized to result from unmasking of subclinical cardiac dysfunction. Studies have previously shown diastolic dysfunction to be the most predictive echocardiographic (TTE) marker. We hypothesize that alternative measures of systolic function such as
Look Closer: Suburban Narratives and American Values in Film and Television David R. Coon. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013.

Look Closer: Suburban Narratives and American Values in Film and Television David R. Coon. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013.In Look Closer: Suburban Narratives and American Values in Film and Television, David R. Coon, assistant professor of media studies at the University of Washington Tacoma, offers insight regarding presentations of suburbia in recent popular media and the ways in which they reflect American values revolving around issues of gender, family, marriage, race, and privacy. Thematically organized, Look Closer begins with a comparison of American Beauty and Desperate Housewives to exemplify a trend in recent film and television, to create a dichotomy between images of generic suburban subdivisions and narratives that expose dark realities of lives lived in these spaces. Coon sets these images against those of the 1950s and 1960s, proposing that recent narratives subvert the meaning of earlier, utopian spaces to emphasize complexities of life in the suburbs.Look Closer focuses on themes central to suburban identity: tradition, family, community and gender roles. It also considers the precarious character of the suburban middle-class in the early twenty-first century and the difficulty many encounter in maintaining the American Dream. Each chapter utilizes case studies to elucidate a particular theme and suggests how content in film and media relates to issues in the nation at large.Utilizing Pleasantville and The Truman Show, Coon proposes that film uses the intertextuality of suburbia to establish meaning and examines the realities of suburban life relative to idealized rhetoric of other nostalgia-driven narratives. A great deal of this chapter focuses on advertising literature rather than on film and television, which he contrasts with the narratives of Hollywood film to point out that nostalgia-based suburban communities are not feasible realities.American Beauty and Big Love highlight tensions between public and private and how boundaries are negotiated in suburban settings. Coon proposes that discourses of privacy promote conservative values, marginalizing those that do not fit mainstream social norms. His insightful statement that the eyes of neighbors become the metaphorical eyes of a conservative society highlights and substantiates the conventional values that suburbia symbolizes. This section is a nuanced consideration of the negotiation of boundaries (individual, familial, and communal), the existence of hierarchies of privacy, and the ways in which privacy is granted to or withheld from particular segments of the population.Consideration of Far From Heaven and Desperate Housewives clarifies ways in which exclusion and inclusion, based on race and sexual orientation, are negotiated and a facade of homogeneity is maintained within suburban narratives. …
Anatomy of the mouse penis and internal prepuce

This paper addresses a confusing issue of preputial anatomy of the mouse. The term "internal prepuce" was used in 2013 to describe a preputial structure integral to the mouse glans penis. Subsequently in 2015 the same term was applied by another group to describe entirely different morphology, generating confusion in the literature. Because it is inappropriate to use the same term to describe entirely different structures, we take this opportunity to provide further descriptive information on the internal prepuce of the mouse employing gross dissection, analysis of serial histologic section sets, three-dimensional reconstruction, scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. For this purpose, we review and illustrate the relevant literature and provide some additional new data using standard morphological techniques including immunohistochemistry. The mouse internal prepuce is integral to the glans penis and clearly is involved in sexual function in so far as it contains a major erectile body innervated by penile nerves. The development of the mouse internal prepuce is described for the first time and related to the development of the corpus cavernosum glandis.