cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nano-optomechanics with optically levitated nanoparticles

Nano-optomechanics is a vibrant area of research that continues to push the boundary of quantum science and measurement technology. Recently, it has been realised that the optical forces experienced by polarisable nanoparticles can provide a novel platform for nano-optomechanics with untethered mechanical oscillators. Remarkably, these oscillators are expected to exhibit quality factors approaching 1011. The pronounced quality factors are a direct result of the mechanical oscillator being freed from a supporting substrate. This review provides an overview of the basic optical physics underpinning optical trapping and optical levitation experiments, it discusses a number of experimental approaches to optical trapping and finally outlines possible applications of this nano-optomechanics modality in hybrid quantum systems and nanoscale optical metrology.
Near infrared reflectance analysis with single- and multiproduct calibrations

Single-product calibrations for near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometers are normally developed for each type of material to achieve a high level of prediction accuracy. Developing multiproduct calibrations with thousands of samples was not practical with personal computers until recently. Advancements in software now make it possible to include thousands of samples into multiproduct calibrations. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a multiproduct calibration consisting of forage samples. Large single-product files of hay and fresh forage, haylage, and small grain silage spectra were available for this study. Every sixth sample from each file was reserved to test calibration accuracy (.)
Effect of exercise on left ventricular systolic function and reserve in morbid obesity

To assess the effect of exercise on left ventricular (LV) systolic function and reserve in morbid obesity, radionuclide left ventricutography was performed before and during supine, symptom-limited bicycle exercise in 23 patients whose body weight was greater than or equal to twice their ideal body weight. Echocardiography was performed before exercise. Resting LV ejection fraction was depressed in 13 patients and LV mass was increased in 10 patients. Exercise produced nonsignificant increases (of similar magnitude) in mean LV ejection fraction in the subgroups with normal and depressed resting LV ejection fraction. Exercise produced a significant increase in LV ejection fraction from 54 ± 8 to 65 ± 12% (p < 0.005) in the subgroup with normal LV mass, but produced no significant change in LV ejection fraction in the subgroup with increased LV mass (53 ± 10 at rest, 50 ± 12% during exercise). Moreover, the LV exercise response (change in LV ejection fraction during exercise) in the subgroup with normal LV mass was significantly different from that in the subgroup with increased LV mass (p <0.005). There was a strong positive correlation between LV mass and the percent over ideal body weight (r = 0.912, p = 0.01) and a strong negative correlation between LV mass and LV exercise response (r = 0.829, p = 0.01). The results suggest that increased LV mass predisposes morbidly obese patients to impairment of LV systolic function during exercise.
RhoC Regulates Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Overexpressing IL-6 and Phosphorylation of STAT3

In this study we investigated the correlation between RhoC expression and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The inhibition of RhoC function was achieved using shRNA. The expression of stem cell surface markers, ALDH and CD44 were significantly low in two RhoC depleted HNSCC cell carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, a striking reduction in tumorsphere formation was achieved in RhoC knockdown lines. The mRNA expression of RhoC in RhoC knockdown adherent and tumorspheres are dramatically down regulated as compared with the scrambled control. The mRNA expression of stem cell transcription factors; nanog, oct3/4 (Pouf1), and sox2 were significantly depleted in RhoC knockdown clones. Further, the phosphorylation of STAT3ser727, and STAT3tyr705 were significantly down regulated in RhoC knockdown clones. The overexpression of STAT3 in RhoC knockdown did not show any change in expression patterns of either-STAT3tyr705 or stem cell transcription factors, signifying the role of RhoC in STAT3 activation and thus the expression of nanog, oct3/4 and sox2 in HNSCC. The expression of Inter leukin-6 (IL-6) in RhoC knockdown HNSCC cell lines was dramatically low as compared to the scrambled control. Further, we have shown a rescue in STAT3 phosphorylation by IL-6 stimulation in RhoC knockdown lines. This study is the first of its kind to establish the involvement of RhoC in STAT3 phosphorylation and hence in promoting the activation of core cancer stem cells (CSCs) transcription factors. These findings suggest that RhoC may be a novel target for HNSCC therapy.
Moments for a ratio of correlated gamma variates

This paper considers the finite integral moments for the ratio, R = X/Y, where X and Y re correlated gamma distributed variables. An analytical and numerical comparison is given for two classes of underlying bivariate gamma distributions. It is shown that the two bivariate gamma structures provide indentical experessions for the mth unadjussted moment, E(Rm), if and only if either of the following conditions hold : 1) X and Y are uncorrelated of 2) m=1. A numerical evaluation is performed to determine the extent that the two methods differ whenever the variables are correlated
Cell-permeable GPNA with appropriate backbone stereochemistry and spacing binds sequence-specifically to RNA

Guanidine-based peptide nucleic acid (GPNA) with a D-backbone configuration and alternate spacing binds sequence-specifically to RNA and is readily taken up by both human somatic and embryonic stem (ES) cells.
In search of a new paradigm for protective immunity to TB

Clinical trials of vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are well under way and results are starting to come in. Some of these results are not so encouraging, as exemplified by the latest Aeras-422 and MVA85A trials. Other than empirically determining whether a vaccine reduces the number of cases of active tuberculosis, which is a daunting prospect given the chronic nature of the disease, we have no way of assessing vaccine efficacy. Therefore, investigators seek to identify biomarkers that predict vaccine efficacy. Historically, focus has been on the production of interferon-γ by CD4(+) T cells, but this has not been a useful correlate of vaccine-induced protection. In this Opinion article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the immune control of M. tuberculosis and how this knowledge could be used for vaccine design and evaluation.
Three position precessing mechanism synthesis

Abstract This paper presents a complex number development of a three position geared five-bar precessing mechanism synthesis. The methodology which is presented in this study is based on an extension of Burmester cycloidal circlepoint-centerpoint theory[2]. This paper presents the mathematical formulation of the synthesis process. A structured FORTRAN computer program was developed on a VAX 11/780 computer in order to implement the synthesis process. The synthesis program is capable of presenting the synthesis results on a graphical display. Typical results are shown.
The development of a partial hospitalization program for mentally III chemically abusing (MICA) patients

The article begins with a review of the high prevalence of concurrent mental illness and chemical abuse (MICA) disorders among clinical populations, highlighting the need for development of appropriate services to treat these persons. This is followed by a description of a partial hospitalization program developed at the University of Rochester Medical Center-Strong Memorial Hospital, established to treat MICA patients. The program description includes information pertaining to the mission of the program, treatment setting, staffing, schedule, and diagnostic and sociodemographic data on 50 consecutive patients admitted to the program. It includes a review of the major goals of the program and the manner in which each of these goals is addressed. This is followed by a discussion of several arguments for the inclusion of patients with personality disorders in MICA treatment when there is concurrent substance abuse. It concludes with a case vignette of a patient treated in the MICA program.
Conflict in remote southern Ethiopia: situation report and call for humanitarian response

A humanitarian crisis has been brewing in a remote part of southern Ethiopia. The Konso and Borena tribes have been in conflict for almost 10 months now, escalating to a climax 4 months ago. Yet, K...
Time–frequency analysis of tribological systems—part I: implementation and interpretation

Abstract A novel technique adapting the time–frequency analysis has been utilized to characterize stationary and non-stationary signals from tribological interactions. This representation displays time, frequency, and signal magnitude to decipher signals emanating from such interactions. Short-time Fourier transform, Wigner, Coi–Williams, and Zhao–Atlas–Marks distributions are suited to represent stationary and non-stationary signals. Some of the most complex tribological phenomena involve head–disk interactions in magnetic recording systems. Examples drawn from practical head–disk interface tests are analyzed by using the fast Fourier transform algorithm to illustrate the dynamic features of various distributions. Time–frequency representation of output spectrums of laser doppler vibrometer (LDV), strain gage sensor, and acoustic emission (AE) sensor obtained from head–disk experiments giving evidence of stationary and non-stationary behavior are investigated.
An elementary proof of the automorphism theorem for the polynomial ring in two variables

Abstract If k is a field, then the automorphism theorem for k[x, y] states that every k-algebra automorphism of k[x, y] is a finite compositional product of automorphisms of the type: (i) x↦x, y↦y+h(x) with h(x) ∈ k [x] ; or (ii) x↦a11x+a12y+a13, y↦a21x+a22y+a23 with a11a22≠a21a12 and a ij ∈ k . The proof presented in this paper, in the case of k being the complex numbers, uses the resultant formula for the inverse of an automorphism (McKay and Wang) and a differential equation associated with the fact that the Jacobian of the automorphism is a nonzero constant. Then the required divisibility condition on the degrees of the images of x and y follows from the fact that this differential equation must have a rational function solution.
The mechanism of titanium complex-catalyzed reduction of aryl halides by sodium borohydride is strongly solvent dependent

The titanium complex-catalyzed reduction of aryl halides by sodium borohydride in dimethylacetamide (DMA) or ethers proceeds by electron transfer from a reduced titanium species, yielding an intermediate aryl radical
Rectilinear minimax hub location problems

The minimax hub location problem sites a facility to minimize the maximum weighted interaction cost between pairs of fixed nodes. In this paper, distances are represented by a rectilinear norm and may be suited to factory layout or street network problems. The problem is already well known (in 2-D) as the round trip location problem and is extended to 3-D in this paper. One rationale for the solution method is based on an extension of the geometric arguments used to solve the minimax single facility location problem. Suppose a budget is provided for interactions, and that each interaction must be accomplished for no more than this cost. The algorithm uses a bi-section search for the feasible budget until it finds the expenditure needed to provide for these flows. The extension in the present paper is that the nodes are permitted to be on different layers (levels). This 3-D version of the problem appears to be a new variant of the hub model. The models and solution techniques developed in the paper are illustrated using a small 55 node problem. Because of a relatively efficient implementation of the bi-section search, the algorithm in 2-D and 3-D is also applied successfully to a 550 node problem.
45.2: Two Point Bending of Thin Glass Substrate

The two-point bend test has been used extensively for optical fiber strength and fatigue measurements. This paper extends the theory of 2-point bending to thin glass substrates. The key advantages of the 2-point bend test are 1) the simplicity of a test fixture and its operation, 2) the uniformity of a bend stress along the width of a substrate, 3) the inverse relationship between a bend stress and parallel plate spacing, and 4) the non-contact bending.
Laboratory evidence for ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the interstellar medium

The infrared absorption from neutrals and cations of four PAHs - naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, and perylene - integrated over the spectral regions corresponding to the interstellar bands are compared with astronomical observations. It is found that the interstellar bands cannot be explained solely on the basis of neutral PAH species, but that cations must be a significant, and in some cases dominant, component.
Role of tissue expanders in patients with loss of abdominal domain awaiting intestinal transplantation

Abdominal closure is a complex surgical problem in intestinal transplant recipients with loss of abdominal domain, as graft exposure results in profound morbidity. Although intraoperative coverage techniques have been described, this is the first report of preoperative abdominal wall augmentation using tissue expanders in patients awaiting intestinal transplantation. We report on five patients who received a total of twelve tissue expanders as a means to increase abdominal surface area. Each patient had a compromised abdominal wall (multiple prior operations, enterocutaneous fistulae, subcutaneous abscesses, stomas) with loss of domain and was identified as high risk for an open abdomen post-transplant. Cross-sectional imaging and dimensional analysis were performed to quantify the effect of the expanders on total abdominal and intraperitoneal cavity volumes. The overall mean increase in total abdominal volume was 958 cm(3) with a mean expander volume of 896.5 cc. Two expanders were removed in the first patient due to infection, but after protocol modification, there were no further infections. Three patients eventually underwent small bowel transplantation with complete graft coverage. In our preliminary experience, abdominal tissue expander placement is a safe, feasible, and well-tolerated method to increase subcutaneous domain and facilitate graft coverage in patients undergoing intestinal transplantation.
Effect of Hypervitaminosis D Upon the Phospholipids of Metaphyseal And Diaphyseal Bone.

SummaryThe phospholipids of the diaphyseal and metaphyseal portion of the long bones of rats have been analyzed. Lecithin, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and lysolecithin constitute the major phospholipids with small amounts of cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid also being present. Hypervitaminosis D was found to cause a significant increase in all phospholipids without a selective action on any one component. The incorporation of P32 into the phospholipids was found to be increased indicating an increased synthesis rather than a decreased break-down. It is suggested that the accumulation of lipid material may be related to the failure of the osteoid in hypervitaminosis D to calcify properly.
Antibody-Mediated Resolution of Light Chain-Associated Amyloid Deposits

Primary light-chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition in tissue of monoclonal light chains as fibrils. With rare exception, this process is seemingly irreversible and results in progressive organ dysfunction and eventually death. To determine whether immune factors can effect amyloid removal, we developed an experimental model in which mice were injected with amyloid proteins extracted from the spleens or livers of patients with AL amyloidosis. Notably, the resultant amyloidomas were rapidly resolved, as compared to controls, when animals received injections of an anti-light-chain monoclonal antibody having specificity for an amyloid-related epitope. The reactivity of this monoclonal antibody was not dependent on the V L or C L isotype of the fibril, but rather seemed to be directed toward a β-pleated sheet conformational epitope expressed by AL and other amyloid proteins. The amyloidolytic response was associated with a pronounced infiltration of the amyloidoma with neutrophils and putatively involved opsonization of fibrils by the antibody, leading to cellular activation and release of proteolytic factors. The demonstration that AL amyloid resolution can be induced by passive administration of an amyloid-reactive antibody has potential clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with primary amyloidosis and other acquired or inherited amyloid-associated disorders.
The Correlates of Abuse and Witnessing Abuse Among Adolescents

This study examined the correlates of four types of adverse experiences with a large sample (N = 17,465) of adolescents from a midwestern county. The four types of adverse experience were physical abuse, sexual abuse, witnessing the physical abuse of another person, and harassment by peers at school. The three outcomes of interest were binge drinking, self-reported grade point average (GPA), and feelings of sadness and depression. Of interest was whether each type of adversity was related to the three outcomes when the other types of adversity were controlled. Among both males and females, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing physical abuse were associated with binge drinking, feelings of sadness and depression, and lower GPA, whereas harassment by peers was associated with feelings of sadness and depression.
Design and implementation of global reduction operations across ATM networks

The paper presents the results of an investigation into the efficient implementation of reduction operations for cluster-based parallel computing across asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) local area networks. The study combines graph theoretical analysis with experimentation on an ATM network. Different reduction algorithms are analyzed in terms of the amount of message traffic produced and the number of message-passing steps required. This analysis, which indicates how to take advantage of switch-based interconnects and hardware multicast communication, is applied to the development of both N/1 and N/K reduction protocols. Performance measurements from implementations on a three-switch ATM testbed are presented to support the analytical results. >
A phylogenomic analysis of the Actinomycetales mce operons

The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbors four copies of a cluster of genes termed mce operons. Despite extensive research that has demonstrated the importance of these operons on infection outcome, their physiological function remains obscure. Expanding databases of complete microbial genome sequences facilitate a comparative genomic approach that can provide valuable insight into the role of uncharacterized proteins. The M. tuberculosis mce loci each include two yrbE and six mce genes, which have homology to ABC transporter permeases and substrate-binding proteins, respectively. Operons with an identical structure were identified in all Mycobacterium species examined, as well as in five other Actinomycetales genera. Some of the Actinomycetales mce operons include an mkl gene, which encodes an ATPase resembling those of ABC uptake transporters. The phylogenetic profile of Mkl orthologs exactly matched that of the Mce and YrbE proteins. Through topology and motif analyses of YrbE homologs, we identified a region within the penultimate cytoplasmic loop that may serve as the site of interaction with the putative cognate Mkl ATPase. Homologs of the exported proteins encoded adjacent to the M. tuberculosis mce operons were detected in a conserved chromosomal location downstream of the majority of Actinomycetales operons. Operons containing linked mkl, yrbE and mce genes, resembling the classic organization of an ABC importer, were found to be common in Gram-negative bacteria and appear to be associated with changes in properties of the cell surface. Evidence presented suggests that the mce operons of Actinomycetales species and related operons in Gram-negative bacteria encode a subfamily of ABC uptake transporters with a possible role in remodeling the cell envelope.
Fabrication of transparent alumina (Al2O3) nanofibers by electrospinning

Abstract Transparent alumina nanofibers have been fabricated from a suitable inorganic–organic composite solution by spinning in an electric field (strength ∼70–90 kV/m) applied between the tip of a needle and the target plate. Upon firing and sintering under carefully pre-selected time–temperature profiles (heating rate, temperature and soak time), high-purity and crystalline alumina nanofibers retaining the morphological features of the electrospun composite fibers were obtained. Tools such as laser Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy together with energy dispersive spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction were employed to follow the systematic evolution of the ceramic phase and its morphological features in the fired fibers.
Turbulence and transport of passive scalar in magnetohydrodynamic channel flows with different orientations of magnetic field

DNS of turbulent flow and passive scalar transport in a channel are conducted for the situation when the fluid is electrically conducting (for example, a liquid metal) and the flow is affected by an imposed magnetic field. The cases of wall-normal, spanwise, and streamwise orientation of the magnetic field are considered. As main results, we find that the magnetic fields, especially those in the wall-normal and spanwise directions, significantly reduce the turbulent scalar transport and modify the properties of the scalar distribution.
Evolution of cell-based reagent provision

Cell-based screening is now part of all stages of drug discovery, and therefore, cell supply is a rate-limiting step. Reagent provision groups have responded by exploiting automation and new concepts such as frozen cells to ease the constraint and increase quality and flexibility of cell supply. With increasing numbers of projects to support, reagent development is now perceived as a new bottleneck. In this review, we describe a new operating model that has emerged at Pfizer UK addressing reagent development and cell supply issues without growing headcount, by complementing the application of internal expertise with use of contract research organisations.
CEREBRAL SINUS VENOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: A NEW TECHNIQUE

A new method of performing cerebral sinus venography was developed that opacifies both the ventral and most of the dorsal venous sinus systems. A pediatric angiographic catheter was introduced into the external jugular vein and advanced to the level of the temporal sinus. Iodinated contrast medium was injected manually and radiographs were made. Subtraction radiography was used to visualize vessels filled with contrast medium. Venography was simple and relatively non-invasive and was considered safe. The technique was used to confirm occlusion of the transverse venous sinus in healthy dogs that had undergone radical craniectomies.
An exploration of metacognition in asynchronous student-led discussions: A qualitative inquiry

Research is limited on how metacognition is facilitated and manifested in socially situated online learning environments such as online discussion forums. We approached metacognition as the phenomenon of interest partly through a methodological objective to evaluate the relevance of a metacognition construct and partly through a content objective to study student-led facilitation of discussions as a strategy in promoting metacognition. Results revealed that the metacognition construct was useful in helping us understand and organize the data and student-led online discussions can be an effective strategy for helping students develop dimensions of metacognition including knowledge, monitoring, and regulation. However, in order for students to use these skills effectively, instruction, motivation, and guidance are needed particularly related to regulation of metacognition and co-construction of meaning.
Study of the mechanisms of laser-induced release of liposome-encapsulated dye.

To differentiate the contributing factors (blood or encapsulated dye) leading to the release of encapsulated dyes from liposomes after laser exposure, we initiated an in vitro experimental study. The release of encapsulated calcein was quantified under various experimental conditions in whole blood and in buffered solution containing high-density lipoprotein. Generally, the amount of dye release improved with an increase in laser power, with a maximum release of approximately 80% of encapsulated dye. Because the laser exposure was not continuous, only 80% of each sample was actually exposed. Therefore, 80% release may be thought of as total release. In a lipoprotein/buffer mixture, the 488 nm wavelength caused greater dye release than the 577 nm wavelength, because the maximum absorption of calcein is near 488 nm. The laser wavelength at 577 nm, however, caused greater release in the blood mixture, reflecting the peak absorption of hemoglobin at near 577 nm. At a 3 x higher liposome concentration, the differences in the effects of wavelengths on the release of dye from liposomes were insignificant. Although the 577 nm wavelength is an optimum wavelength for dye and drug delivery in the presence of blood, the 488 nm wavelength might also be suitable for themore » release of dye from the liposomes.« less
Calculation of three-dimensional shock/turbulent boundary-layer interaction generated by sharp fin

A three-dimensio nal oblique shock/turbulent boundary-layer interaction is computed using a hybrid explicitimplicit numerical algorithm for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The flow configuration consists of a sharp fin or wedge, attached normal to a flat plate. The deflection of the wedge generates an oblique shock wave that interacts with the turbulent boundary layer on the flat plate. Computed results are obtained at Mach number M^ = 3 for a wedge angle of 10 deg and Reynolds number of Re8oo = 2.8 X 10s based on the undisturbed boundary-layer thickness 8^ upstream of the sharp fin. These results, together with the results of a previous computation for the same configuration at Re^ = 9.3 X 10s, are compared to the recent experimental data of McClure and Dolling. The computed results are in generally good agreement with the experiment and predict with reasonable accuracy the recovery of the boundary layer to a nominal two-dimensional state downstream of the interaction. Contour plots of various flow variables are employed to investigate the flow structure for the Re8oo = 2.8 X 105 case and to compare with the model developed by Oskam, et al. based upon experimental measurements at Re6oQ = 9.3 X 10s.
A novel built-in self-repair approach to VLSI memory yield enhancement

The feasibility of implementing electronic neural networks as intelligent hardware for memory array repair is demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that the neural network control possesses a robust and degradable computing capability under various fault conditions. A yield analysis performed on 64K DRAMs shows that the yield can be improved from as low as 20% to near 99% owing to the self-repair design, with an overhead of no more than 7%. Simulation shows that the neural net algorithms are superior to the Repair Most algorithm. >
A finite-state multiresolution approach to image compression using pruned nested tree-structured vector quantization

An algorithm is described for constructing a finite-state compression code that is both progressive and multiresolution. The codec consists of nested levels of tree-structured vector quantizers (TSVQs) where the codebook for each level of the nested TSVQs is constructed from the terminal leaves of the TSVQ from the previous level. The first level of the TSVQ represents a finite-state next state function. The codeword dimension at the subsequent levels is greater than or equal to those of the previous levels. This property allows the codec to produce a multiresolution output in a progressive manner. Pruning is performed on the nested TSVQs to achieve the bit allocation across the levels. The resulting pruned TSVQ decoder operates entirely by successive table lookups, with no arithmetic computation. Furthermore, it provides superior performance to ordinary pruned TSVQ at low bit rates. >
Quine's double standard: undermining the indispensability argument via the indeterminacy of reference

Quine has famously put forward the indispensability argument to force belief in the existence of mathematical objects (such as classes) due to their indispensability to our best theories of the world (Quine 1960). Quine has also advocated the indeterminacy of reference argument, according to which reference is dramatically indeterminate: given a language, there’s no unique reference relation for that language (see Quine 1969a). In this paper, I argue that these two arguments are in conflict with each other. Whereas the indispensability argument supports realism about mathematics, the indeterminacy of reference argument, when applied to mathematics, provides a powerful strategy in support of mathematical anti-realism. I conclude the paper by indicating why the indeterminacy of reference phenomenon shouldbe preferred over the considerations regarding indispensability. In the end, even the Quinean shouldn’t be a realist (platonist) about mathematics.
Between the “Culture of Poverty” and the Cultural Revolution: Katherine Dunham’s Performing Arts Training Center in East St. Louis, 1965-1973

In 1967, the world-renowned African American choreographer Katherine Dunham moved to East St. Louis to open the Performing Arts Training Center (PATC), which offered free classes in dance, music, t...
Middle Egyptian Literature: The Instructions of Kagemni's Father and Ptahhotep

T hese two texts are preserved on a single Middle Kingdom papyrus, known as Papyrus Prisse, now in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. It is written in hieratic in horizontal lines; that feature and the style of its handwriting suggest a date in the second half of the Middle Kingdom, probably the reign of Amenemhat III, although the text itself may have been composed as early as the beginning of Dyn. XII. The 214 lines of the papyrus are divided into 18 pages, The first two of these contain the end of the instruction of an anonymous vizier to his children; the end of the instruction mentions a man named Kagemni, apparently one of the children, who becomes vizier under the first king of Dyn. IV, Seneferu (ca. 2575 BC). A blank page follows, and the rest of the papyrus is devoted to the instruction of a vizier named Ptahhotep, who is said to have served under King Izezi of Dyn. V (ca. 2375 BC). Despite these ascriptions, both texts are creations of the Middle Kingdom, written in Middle Egyptian, with no evidence of translation from an Old Egyptian original. Like the New Kingdom version of the Loyalist Instruction (Text 3), the two compositions are back-dated to give them the authority of age. The Instruction of Kagemni survives only in the Middle Kingdom copy. That of Ptahhotep, however, was copied several times in the New Kingdom, on four papyri, a wood tablet, and three ostraca. These later copies contain a revised version of the text, the most important of which is represented by a fragmentary papyrus in the British Museum (BM 10409, usually referred to as L 2 ). Both instructions are important sources for the moral and ethical standards of ancient Egypt—in other words, the practical application of Maat to daily life. Both are unfortunately also quite difficult to understand in places, and perhaps not always correctly copied from their original. The end of the first instruction preserves four maxims, a short conclusion, and a rudimentary colophon.
Synthesis and Engineering Materials Properties of Fluid-Phase Chemical Hydrogen Storage Materials for Automotive Applications

Among candidates for chemical hydrogen storage in PEM fuel cell automotive applications, ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is considered to be one of the most promising materials due to its high hydrogen content of 14–16 wt % and high volumetric density of ∼146 g H2/liter. To utilize the existing infrastructure, a fluid-phase hydrogen storage material is attractive, and thus, we investigated the materials’ properties of AB in liquid carriers for a chemical hydrogen storage slurry system. Slurries composed of AB and high-boiling-point liquids were prepared by mechanical milling and sonication in order to obtain stable and fluidic properties. Kinetics of the H2 release reactions of the AB slurry and neat AB was studied using a volumetric gas buret. Viscometry and microscopy were employed to further characterize the engineering properties of the slurries. Using a tip-sonication method, we have produced AB/silicone fluid slurries at solid loadings up to 40 wt % (6.5 wt % H2) with viscosities less than 500 cP at 25 °C.
RNA-binding protein Lin28 in cancer and immunity

The highly conserved RNA-binding protein, Lin28, is involved in many biological processes, including development, reprogramming, pluripotency, and metabolism. Importantly, Lin28 functions as an oncogene, promoting tumor progression and metastasis in various human cancers. Lin28 can regulate gene expression either by directly binding to mRNAs or by blocking microRNA biogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms include Let-7-dependent and Let-7-independent modes of action. Recent evidence shows that Lin28 also plays a fundamental role in immunity. The roles of Lin28 in disease are complex and require characterization of its physiological functions in cancer and immunological contexts. Here we review emerging information on the role of Lin28 in cancer and immunity and the molecular mechanisms it uses. We discuss our present knowledge of the system and highlight remaining mysteries related to the functions of this small RNA-binding protein. This knowledge may lead to Lin28 becoming a diagnostic marker for cancer or immune-related diseases and a possible therapeutic target.
Anticlastic action of flat sheets in bending

A theoretical analysis is made of the stresses induced in thin elastic strips which are bent (by uniform bending moments) into arcs with substantially constant radii of curvatures. Stresses determined experimentally on aluminum and steel strips agree very well with the theory.
Sub-Nanometer-Resolution Elemental Mapping of “Pt3Co” Nanoparticle Catalyst Degradation in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is limited largely by sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, even when promoted by Pt-based alloy nanoparticles (NPs). Acid-leached Pt alloys such as “Pt3Co” have shown considerably higher specific (2–5 times) and mass (2 to 3 times) ORR activity than Pt NPs. However, the specific activity enhancement of “Pt3Co” NPs decreases during PEMFC operation, which has been attributed to the formation of a Pt-enriched shell near the NP surfaces. In this study, we report direct evidence of surface Pt and Co compositional changes in acid-treated “Pt3Co” NPs after PEMFC voltage cycling using energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope with subnanometer resolution. Acid-treated “Pt3Co” NPs were found to have Pt-enriched shells of ∼0.5 nm, whereas the Pt-enriched-shell became thicker (∼1–6 nm) after PEMFC voltage cycling, where greater shell thicknesses were associated with larger “P...
Chlorinated solvent transformation by palladized zerovalent iron: mechanistic insights from reductant loading studies and solvent kinetic isotope effects.

Palladized nanoscale zerovalent iron (Pd/NZVI) has been utilized for source zone control, yet the reductant responsible for pollutant transformation and the optimal conditions for subsurface application remain poorly understood. Here, trends in Pd/Fe reactivity toward 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA) and cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) were compared in H2O and D2O batch systems as a function of pH, chlorinated solvent concentration, Pd surface loading, Pd/Fe mass loading, Pd/Fe aging time, and zerovalent iron [Fe(0)] particle size. For Pd/NZVI, the solvent kinetic isotope effect [i.e., kobs(H2O)/kobs(D2O) or SKIE] for 1,1,1,2-TeCA and cis-DCE reduction increased substantially with Pd loading and Pd/NZVI concentration, evidence that multiple pathways exist for chlorinated solvent reduction. At low Pd loadings and Pd/NZVI concentrations with relatively small SKIEs (less than ∼5), we propose that modest reactivity enhancements (≤10-fold) reflect more efficient electron transfer to 1,1,1,2-TeCA from Fe(0...
Anisotropic terahertz response from a strong-field ionized electron-ion plasma

A microscopic theory is adapted to compute the time-resolved terahertz (THz) probe response of a dynamically evolving, strong-field ionized electron-ion plasma. The numerical solutions show that the relaxation of the initially highly anisotropic carrier distributions leads to a polarization dependent short-time THz response. This THz polarization discrimination gradually vanishes as the plasma approaches a thermodynamic equilibrium configuration via electron-electron and electron-ion scattering. The detailed carrier-relaxation dynamics causes a strongly nonmonotonic time-development of the THz absorption.
Research About Auto-correcting System Model of Engineering Graphics Exercises

This paper talks about how to realize using composite-similarity degree method and image-recognizing technology in multimedia teaching software which is developed in Visual Basic environment,in order to use computer to correct fussy engineering graphics exercises.The correcting system of engineering graphics exercises is developed and finished in Visual Basic 6.0 and AutoCAD 2000 environments.
Content Determination of Chlorogenic Acid and Jasminoidin in Yinling Qushi Decoction by HPLC

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of chlorogenic acid and jasminoidin in Yinling qushi decoction.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.A Kromasil C18 column was adopted(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid(13:87)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelengths were set at 327 nm for chlorogenic acid and 238 nm for jasminoidin.RESULTS:The liner range of chlorogenic acid was 0.154 4～ 1.235 2 μg(r=0.999 7)with an average recovery of 99.9%(RSD=0.54%,n=6).The linear range of jasminoidin was 0.363 2～ 2.905 6 μg(r=0.999 9)with an average recovery of 100.0%(RSD=0.51%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate for the content determination of chlorogenic acid and jasminoidin in Yinling qushi decoction.
Novel Psychological Formulation and Treatment of "Tic Attacks" in Tourette Syndrome.

One important, but underreported, phenomena in Tourette Syndrome (TS) is the occurrence of ‘tic attacks’. These episodes have been described at conferences as sudden bouts of tics and/or functional tic-like movements, lasting from 15 minutes to several hours. They have also been described by patients in on-line TS communities. To date, there are no reports of tic attacks in the literature. The aim of this article is to stimulate discussion and inform clinical practices by describing the clinical presentation of 12 children (mean age 11 years 3 months; sd=2 years 4 months) with TS and tic attacks, with a detailed case report for one case (JT, 13 years). These children commonly present acutely to casualty departments and undergo unnecessary medical investigations. Interestingly, all children reported co-morbid anxiety, with worries about the tics themselves and an increased internal focus of attention on tics once the attacks had started. In keeping with other children, JT reported a strong internal focus of attention, with a relationship between physiological sensations/tic urges, worries about having tic attacks and behavioural responses (e.g. body scanning, situational avoidance, other responses). In our experience the attacks reduce with psychological therapy, for example, JT attended 13 sessions of therapy that included metacognitive and attention training techniques, as well as cognitive behavioural strategies. Following treatment an improvement was seen across a range of measures assessing tics, mood, anxiety and quality of life. Thus, psychological techniques used to treat anxiety disorders are effective at supporting a reduction in tic attacks through modifying attention, worry processes and negative beliefs. It is hypothesised that an attentional style of threat monitoring, difficulties tolerating internal sensory urges, cognitive misattributions and maladaptive coping strategies contribute to the onset and maintenance of tic attacks. These cases provide support for the view that tic attacks are triggered and maintained by psychological factors, thereby challenging the view that tic attacks merely reflect extended bouts of tics. As such, we propose that the movements seen in tic attacks may resemble a combination of tics and functional neurological movements, with tic attacks reflecting episodes of panic and anxiety for individuals with TS.
Transvibronic Reactions in Molecular Beams

Collisional processes involving interconversion of translational, vibrational, and electronic energy are referred to as “transvibronic reactions,” in analogy to spectroscopic nomenclature. Many such processes can now be studied in molecular beams, thanks to methods for generating collision energies in the previously almost inaccessible hyperthermal range (a few tenths to a few tens of eV) and methods for producing beams of vibrationally excited molecules. The single-collision conditions obtained in beam experiments can be exploited to isolate and identify elementary steps in a chemical mechanism and to determine dynamical properties. These include the dependence of the rate on collision energy and vibrational excitation of the reactants, the distribution in translational and vibrational energy and scattering angle of the products, and further details related to the electronic coupling of the collision partners.
Feedback-mediated oscillatory coexistence in the chemostat

We consider a mathematical model that describes the competition of three species for a single nutrient in a chemostat in which the dilution rate is assumed to be controllable by means of state dependent feedback. We consider feedback schedules that are affine functions of the species concentrations. In case of two species, we show that the system may undergo a Hopf bifurcation and oscillatory behavior may be induced by appropriately choosing the coefficients of the feedback function. When the growth of the species obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics, we show that the Hopf bifurcation is supercritical in the relevant parameter region, and the bifurcating periodic solutions for two species are always stable. Finally, we show that by adding a third species to the system, the two-species stable periodic solutions may bifurcate into the coexistence region via a transcritical bifurcation. We present numerical simulations suggesting the existence of stable periodic solutions where all three species coexist.
Adult Mouse Model for Rotavirus

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an adult mouse model for rotavirus. Rotavirus transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route, which provides an efficient mechanism for universal exposure. Mice used in this model should have no pre-existing antibody to rotavirus. BALB/c mice are utilized extensively due to their susceptibility to infection with murine rotavirus strains. Almost all naive BALB/c mice of any age will become infected and shed rotavirus when challenged with murine rotavirus. Other strains of mice, such as C57BL/6, are much more resistant to infection following oral inoculation with murine rotaviruses as adults. The utilization of any mouse strain in this model system requires that its susceptibility to the challenge virus is clearly established. The ages of mice employed in this model can vary typically. The first treatments are at 6 weeks of age or older when their immune systems are fully mature. As rotavirus can spread from one animal to the next, even between open cages, the mice are housed in sterile static microisolator cages. Cages are opened only in a biosafety cabinet where mice are handled by individual groups using sterile techniques. When anesthesia is needed for immunization or collection of serum samples, animals are typically sedated by using methoxyflurane. Prior to the start of an experiment, the mice are identified usually by ear-tagging. Serum samples are obtained before immunization and at various times throughout the experiment by bleeding from the retro-orbital capillary plexus with a hematocrit capillary tube under light anesthesia.
The impact of mandatory trans fat labeling on product mix and consumer choice: A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Market for margarine and spreads

Abstract The impact of changes in food labeling policy on food consumption depends on how market participants—both firms and consumers—react to the changes across all products in the market. We investigate how both responded to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s 2006 rule mandating that the quantity of trans fat in food products be separately labeled on the mandatory Nutrition Facts Panel across an entire differentiated product category. Using a longitudinal data set tracking both product offerings and consumer purchases in the market for margarine and spreads for over a decade, we analyze how product mix and consumer purchase behaviors were influenced by the new regulatory requirement. We find that the number of products bearing voluntary “trans fat free” labels increased after the labeling regulation was implemented. However, a large number of the newly introduced products exited the market within five years. As a result, the FDA’s 2006 rule had a stronger short-run than long-run effect on product offerings. Even after the introduction of additional “trans fat free” labeled products, such products remained only a small percentage of margarine and spreads product offerings, increasing from a pre-regulation level of 2.3% of the market to a peak of 6.5% in 2007 before dropping to 3.1% by 2011. In addition to firm response, we examine demand-side reactions to the 2006 rule and find that consumers significantly increased their expenditures on “trans fat free” labeled products soon after the labeling changes were implemented, increasing from about 1.2% of the market in 2001 to a peak of 5.9% in 2007, before returning to 1.8% in 2011. We further explore variations in responses across different demographic characteristics. Although long-run effects are small, the market for “trans fat free” labeled margarine and spreads settled into a new equilibrium with a somewhat higher level of products in the market than prior to the 2006 rule taking effect and a somewhat higher share of expenditures in the category. Overall, our category-wide analysis of both firm and consumer behavior indicates that the effects of the labeling policy change were smaller in the longer run in this market than would be indicated by an analysis of only new product introductions in response to the policy change.
Moving wor(l)ds: Practicing evocative language use through fairy tales

ABSTRACTCourses: Public Speaking, Storytelling, Performance Ethnography, Oral Interpretation, Language and CommunicationObjectives: The aims of this this class exercise are: To engage in a collaborative creative process of developing a story/topic from a simple idea to deepening the relationship with the audience through vivid and evocative language;To practice the use of various linguistic devices and figures of speech;To gain an understanding of the affective and relational functions of language; andTo gain performance practice.