cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel subfamily of zinc finger genes involved in embryonic development

C2H2 zinc finger proteins make up one of the largest protein families in eukaryotic organisms. Recent study in several different systems has identified a set of novel zinc finger proteins that appear to form a distinct subfamily that we have named the NET family. Members of the NET family (Noc, Nlz, Elbow, and Tlp-1) share two protein motifs--a buttonhead box and an Sp motif--with zinc finger proteins from the Sp family. However, the NET family is uniquely characterized by a single atypical C2H2 zinc finger, in contrast to the Sp family that contains three tandem C2H2 fingers. Here, we review current information about the biochemical function and in vivo role for members of this subfamily. In general, NET family proteins are required during embryonic development. They appear to act by regulating transcription, most likely as repressors, although they are unlikely to bind DNA directly. In the future, it will be important to directly test if NET family proteins control transcription of specific target genes, perhaps via interactions with DNA-binding transcription factors, as well as to further explore their function in vivo.
Uptake and translocation of Sr by Zea mays

The uptake of Sr by maize-root segments representing the whole root system is strongly temperature dependent but a large non-metabolic component apparently involving adsorption within the cell membranes is indicated. About 60 per cent of the Sr taken up under conditions permitting metabolism is resistant to elution. K in the ambient solution at a concentration amounting to 20 per cent of the Sr concentration essentially abolishes metabolic uptake. Non-metabolic Sr uptake is little affected by this K concentration. The inhibitory effect of Ca on Sr uptake is less than that of K and largely exerted on the non-metabolic phase. This inhibitory effect is countered to some degree by the ability of Ca to hinder the entry of Sr into the xylem and so its loss via the cut ends of the root segments. In whole-plant experiments K depressed root concentrations of Sr more than shoot concentrations indicating that the inhibition is exerted mainly at the tonoplasts of cortical cells. Ca had a smaller effect than K which was mainly evident in greater root retention of Sr.
Optimization of Angular Alignment in Self-Assembly of Thin Parts at an Air–Water Interface

This letter presents an analysis of self-assembly of thin disk-shaped parts (diameter: 2 mm; thickness: 100 μm) with the objective of optimizing their angular alignment. The assembly proceeds continuously on a substrate that is pulled up through an air-water interface where thin parts with magnetic markers are floating. Angular deviations from the assembly site are significantly reduced by repositioning magnets that guide the self-assembly process. Temporary Faraday waves aid one-to-one part-to-site registration. Ninety parts are assembled, row by row, in 1 min. The assembly rate scales with the width of the assembly substrate. Compared with that of our previous work, the assembly rate is increased threefold due to reduced part-to-part interactions.
The Role of Psychological Climate on Public Sector Employees' Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Assessment for Three Occupational Groups

ABSTRACT In an effort to understand how proximal work environment shapes public sector employees' work attitudes, this study examined how perceptions of psychological climate were related to the extent of affective commitment in three occupational groups: clerical, professional, and managerial/executive. Data were gathered from 267 employees in 11 New York State agencies. Results indicated that the strength of association between measures of psychological climate and affective commitment varied across occupational groups. Implications of these results with respect to developing effective strategies for enhancing public sector employees' organizational commitment are discussed in detail.
Reducing Risk for Youth Violence by Promoting Healthy Development with Pyramid Mentoring: A Proposal for a Culturally Centered Group Mentoring

This article proposes ways to promote healthy psychosocial development among at-risk young African American males with a multigenerational culturally centered group mentoring intervention. The potential for addressing commonalities of risk factors for both internalized and externalized responses to environment stressors is discussed. The authors propose an innovative group intervention that is influenced by social learning theory, the triadic theory of influence, identity, and cognitive development theory. The article also highlights research that suggests benefits of culturally and therapeutically centered group mentoring. The focus of the proposed intervention is on psychosocial assets that are utilized to nurture life skills developed within the framework of a culturally centered multigenerational group mentoring process called pyramid mentoring.
A Turbulent Mixing Coefficient Correlation for Coaxial Jets with and without Secondary Flows

Using centerline velocity and concentration decay, predictions of previously published free and confined jet models were compared with 171 experiments from 29 independent investigations. Agreement in the absence of a secondary flow was good, but observed core lengths were much smaller than predicted when a secondary flow was present, the average error being in excess of 250%. New correlations of the difference in predicted and measured velocity and concentration core lengths vs secondary to primary velocity were developed, which reduced the average error by nearly an order of magnitude. These correlations were independent of the density variations between primary and secondary streams.
Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Properties of Various Dicarboxylic Properties of Various Dicarboxylic Esters1

Abstract two series of mesogenic dicarboxylic esters have been prepared and studied, one having an olefinic and the other a trans-l, 4-cyclohexane central group. The compounds are mainly nematic; however a few also exhibit smectic phases. Twisted-nematic mesophases are observed for for the esters having chiral alcohol groups. Comparisons of nematic behavior for compounds with trans-, cis-, and α-methyl-substituted double bonds indicate the mesophase-destabilizing effects of increases in intermolecular separation and the lesser importance of molecular symmetry. Dicholesteryl trans-1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, which contains no aromatic groups, was found to possess the second highest mesophase-isotropic point in either series, surpassed only by the corresponding p-methoxyphenyl ester. Several of the nematogenic fumaric acid derivatives exhibited dynamic scattering, indicating that these materials possess a negative dielectric anisotropy. The trans-1, 4-cyclohexane diesters did not show the dynamic scatter...
Relative Stabilizing Effects of Several High Molecular Weight Polymers on the Stability of a 2 Percent Hexadecane in Water Emulsion

The stability characteristics of a 2 percent hexadecane in water emulsion containing 0.09 percent dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) were investigated. Size distribution analyses of the emulsified hexadecane particles within the diameter range of 1–25μ were made over an extended time. The volume concentrations of the emulsified oil in this diameter range were calculated. The mass median, the number median, the volume surface, and the arithmetic mean diameters were also calculated. The data obtained established that the changes in particle-size distribution observed were largely the result of coalescence. This system was then employed as a standard to evaluate the effectiveness of methylcellulose, 25 cps., polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyoxyethylene glycol 6000 in retarding the degree and rate of coalescence of this emulsion. It is suggested that strongly hydrated films at the oil-water interface form effective barriers to coalescence.
The Strategy and Tactics of Information Warfare

What makes warfare in the information age a departure from the past is that information as warfare has become as important as information in warfare. Information is no longer just a means to boost the effectiveness of lethal technologies, but opens up the possibility of non-lethal attacks that can incapacitate, defeat, deter or coerce an adversary. The information age has also expanded the domains of IW – on the battlefield, in the marketplace, and against the infrastructure of modern society – and its purveyors –individuals and private groups in addition to national militaries. Yet despite these differences, the logic of warfare remains the same – sequencing and coordinating attacks to achieve lower order technical or ‘cyber’ goals, which are part of a broader campaign to achieve higher order political, material and/or symbolic goals. Moreover, despite the leveling affect of information technology, states and state-sponsored groups will retain certain advantages in waging information warfare because a ca...
An Analysis of the Adolescent Consumer

Although the consumer behavior of young people has become of increasing interest to marketing practitioners and public policy makers, little empirical data are available to be used in effective dec...
The effect of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid on the growth of swine.

Abstract When fed at dietary levels of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%, 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid stimulated the growth of weaned pigs. At levels of 0.01 and 0.02%, toxic symptoms were observed after 2 to 4 weeks. The liver and kidney of pigs fed a diet containing 0.005% of the arsenical contained 1.69 and 1.32 μg. As2O3/g. fresh tissue, respectively. Seven days after the arsenical was removed from the diet, the As2O3 content of the liver and kidney was reduced to 0.29 and 0.46 μg./g. fresh tissue, respectively.
Visual experience can substantially alter critical flicker fusion thresholds

Studies of psychopharmacology often use the test of the critical flicker fusion (CFF) threshold as a measure of total information processing. It is true that studies of practice effects have shown that CFF thresholds are remarkably stable within and across multiple days of testing. This study confirms that subjects who undergo CFF testing on sequential days have stable thresholds, but also demonstrates that in subjects who conducted 1 h of motion training per day for 9 days the CFF thresholds increased by an average of 30%. The results show that the perceptual experience of subjects can dramatically alter the CFF thresholds and should be an important consideration in the control of studies employing the CFF as a measure.
On the Impact and Import of A Writer's Reality

In A Writer's Reality, literary critic Dr. Myron Lichtblau and Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa mimic and question the delicate balance between fiction and reality. In doing so, they not only coauthor the book, they also immortalize themselves as writers and characters in their own text. This essay looks through the broad lens of Hispanic letters to argue that the value of A Writer's Reality lies in its attempt to decipher the author/character's complex relationship and to create and affirm the reader's role in the process.
How accurate is helical computed tomography for clinical staging of pancreatic cancer

Abstract Background: Our goal was to determine if findings on an index computed tomography (CT) scan would correlate with survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We know that as this tumor extends out of the gland, survival decreases. Are there any CT findings that assess tumor extension sufficiently that also correlate with survival? Once identified, these CT areas would be the best factors to clinically stage patients. Methods: Between 1993 and 1997, 160 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head were included if an index helical CT scan and clinical follow-up were available. All CT scans were reviewed by the same radiologist blinded for outcomes. CT scans were interpreted using a graded extension of tumor out of the pancreatic head in four areas: retroperitoneum (RP); anterior pancreatic capsule (S); portal/superior mesenteric veins (PV); and celiac/superior mesenteric arteries (A). Extension of tumor was graded as follows: Grade 0 (negative margin); 1 (suspicious); 2 (positive); or 3 (extensively involved). Also recorded and graded were signs of metastases: nodal enlargement ≥1.5 cm (N); and lesions consistent with hepatic metastases (H). Survival was compared between grades for each CT area using the methods of Kaplan and Meier and relative risk estimates of death (Cox regression models). Results: Compared with grade 0, the following CT areas had significantly decreased survival curves: grade 1 (only S and A), grade 2 and 3 (RP, PV, S, A). N and H did not correlate with survival unless ≥1.5 cm nodes were in the liver or splenic hilum or there were multiple liver nodules. Conclusion: Although postoperative microscopic H or N involvement is a reliable prognostic sign, only extensive CT involvement of H or N predicts survival preoperatively. A better CT finding that predicts decreased survival preoperatively was extension out of the pancreatic head (especially S or A). Clinical methods of staging should use CT areas such as S, A, PV, and RP, and not H and N.
Neural network clutter-rejection model for FLIR ATR

Boundary shape is a significant and well-modeled property of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor target signatures. State-of-the-art FLIR automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms that rely on signature shape for target detection perform well but still fall short of human performance and many DoD requirements. We find that internal signature information significantly improves detection performance. The problem is that this information is not easily modeled, especially in FLIR signatures, because the signatures exhibit significant variations dependent on a large number of unknowns. We have developed a model-driven neural network technique, called Programmed Constructive Neural Networks (PCNN), that demonstrates superior performance and generalization compared to traditional back- propagation techniques in high noise applications. We have used the PCNN technique to model internal FLIR signature information for clutter rejection. Our PCNN FLIR clutter rejection model eliminates 75% of the false alarms in a state-of-the-art shape-based algorithm with minimal detection loss. This result was achieved even on scenarios not represented in the training set.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Analysis of noise sensitivity of Tchebichef and Zernike moments with application to image watermarking

Abstract In this paper we show that, contrary to the common belief found in some of the literature, Tchebichef moments are more sensitive to image additive noise than Zernike moments. We examine the problem of noisy image reconstruction by the method of orthogonal moments. We comparatively show this by imposing different types and levels of noise on various images and by measuring the error due to the added noise alone after image reconstruction. Here the error due to the added noise alone is defined, quantified and calculated by subtracting the noise-free image reconstruction error from the total noisy reconstructed error, which includes both reconstruction and added noise errors. The reconstruction error is with respect to a given original non-noisy image. A reconstruction measure metric for better evaluating the sensitivity of orthogonal moments towards noise added to images, namely accumulative relative error, is also introduced and proposed. As a result of this noise analysis study, we also present an empirical comparative study of Tchebichef and Zernike moments in image watermarking applications. In particular, we consider the case of moment-based watermarking schemes involving moment watermarks being embedded in a given carrier image moments. We show that the Tchebichef moments of a given image are more sensitive to image malicious and intended manipulations than Zernike moments, and hence are more capable of detecting tampering performed on watermarked images during transmission. However, this suggests and will most likely make Zernike orthogonal moments more suitable as moment descriptors employed as pattern features in scene registration, recognition, modeling, and data compression in noisy scenes, than Tchebitchef moments.
Selective activity enhancement and persistence in weanling rats after hippocampal X-irradiation in infancy: Possible relevance for ADHD

We examined the effects of focal X-irradiation of the hippocampus in infancy on the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) in weanling rats in a runway and on running wheel activity at 40 days of age. Our results show a dose-dependent X-irradiation-related reduction in granule cell neurogenesis. Weanling rats showed a corresponding increase in running speed in both acquisition and extinction and a dose-dependent reduction in the PREE--an increase in persistence after CRF and a decrease in persistence after PRF training. The same degree of hippocampal granule cell agenesis had no effect on running wheel activity. These results suggest that the enhanced speeds in the runway are incentive-related and do not reflect simple hyperactivity but rather hyperreactivity. The discussion of these results is in part a speculation regarding their possible relation to some explanations of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children.
Intracerebral temperature alterations associated with focal seizures.

Abstract Because focal seizures produce an increase in local cerebral metabolism and blood flow, we wanted to determine whether they might lead to changes in brain temperature. We induced focal neocortical seizures by microinjection of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) into the rat motor cortex. The temperature on the dura immediately over the injection site, or 8 mm away, was measured with a thermocouple and in some experiments relative blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler probe. In animals that did not receive 4-AP, brain and rectal temperature remained fairly constant at 33.5 and 37.2 °C, respectively, over a 2 h monitoring period. In animals treated with 4-AP, brain temperature over the seizure focus rose an average of 0.3 °C, within a few seconds of seizure onset, while rectal temperature remained constant. The seizure-induced temperature rise was preceded by an increase in cortical blood flow. The temperature, but not blood flow, was also elevated 8 mm away from the seizure focus. When blood flow was increased independently of neuronal activity, by elevating pCO2, brain temperature also rose by about 0.3 °C. Focal seizures in anesthetized rats produce a small, but statistically significant increase in local brain temperature, as a result of increased blood flow that brings brain temperature closer to body temperature. In humans, seizures could actually cause a reduction in brain temperature, because brain temperature is normally higher than body temperature.
947-114 Effects of Azimilide (NE-10064) on Cardiac K Channels

To understand the cellular mechanism of action of azimilide (Aziml, a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, we studied its effegts on K currents in guinea pig and canine ventricular myocytes: slow (lKs) and rapid (lKr) delayed rectifier, inward rectifier (lKI) and transient outward (Ito) currents. To facilitate the quantification and comparison of drug potencies, the recording conditions were designed to “isolate” these K currents from other ionic currents and from each other. In particular, since it is difficult to separate IKrand IKsunder normal physiological conditions, a Na- and Ca-free external solution was used to dissect the two. This was confirmed by the selective action of dofetilide. Azim blocked IKsconcentration dependently (0.2–10 μM) and reversibly. Block was potentiated by more positive VtAt ± 30 mV, 2 μM Azim blocked IKsby 58 ± 13% (n = 6). Azim caused a time-dependent reduction of IKsduring depolarization and slowed IKsdeactivation, suggesting that block and unblock occurred mainly in the open state. Azim also blocked IKrconcentration dependently (0.1–2 μM)and reversibly. At -20 mV, 1 μM Azim blocked IKrby 86 ± 10% (n = 3). On the other hand, Ito(IC50g 10 μM.n = 6) and IKI(IC50g 50 μM.n = 2) were much less sensitive to Azim than IKror IKSIn conclusion, blockade of both delayed rectifiers makes important contributions to the class III action of Azim.
Why Irish raising is not anomalous

M (1984) documents persuasively the existence of Irish raising constructions which, viewed from an ordinary constituent structure or transformational perspective, seem unique and bizarre and which, viewed from certain particular theoretical perspective, e.g., that of the Government-Binding framework, seem anomalous. The present remarks have aimed to show that viewed in relational terms, Irish raising constructions can unproblematically be taken to manifest a type of raising identical to that of better known languages like English and French. The relevant differences between Irish and English or between Irish and French have to do in these terms not with raising per se but with the interaction of the raising structure with other logically independent grammatical phenomena. In particular, it has been suggested that Irish raising structures manifest the same sort of dummy structure found in French examples like (18b), as represented in (19), with the chief difference being that the dummy arc determines that the earlier 2 demotes to 3 in Irish, rather than to 8, as in French. Finally, the relevant dummy 1 arcs in Irish self-erase, so that the Irish construction contains no phonologically visible dummies, while those in French in general do not and manifest as il. Looked at in these terms, the apparently unique Irish raising phenomenon is a combination of independently recognized elements. From the APG perspective, Irish raising constructions satisfy all relevant relational grammatical principles, e.g., the Relational Succession Law, the Final 1 Arc Law, the Stratal Uniqueness Law, the Demotion Ban, the Ghost Arc Law, and other conditions on arcs whose heads are dummy nominals; for the latter, see Johnson and Postal (1980, Chapter 9). Hence, while relatively superficial assumptions suggest that Irish raising requires broadening the class of phenomena allowed by grammatical theory (to permit raising to object of a preposition), internal to the relational framework sketched here, Irish raising fits into the narrowest constraints on natural language grammatical structure independently permitted by what (little) is so far known about languages other than Irish. This provides an argument for adopting the sort of perspective capable of reducing the apparent anomaly to the interaction of independently known grammatical features. A good deal of the force of the argument depends, however, on providing a similar analysis of the Modern Greek case mentioned in footnote 1. Unless some way can be found to reduce the apparent raising of 1s to object of a preposition in Greek to more widely documented phenomena, there is little reason to reject the idea that Irish might manifest such raising. Unfortunately, an analysis of the Greek situation reducing it to better-known structural features seems far less apparent than was the case for Irish and no one seems to have even tried to develop such an account to this point.
X-Ray polarization by Bragg diffraction from bent and flat crystals

Abstract Recently much attention has been given to the utilization of polarized X-rays in X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. Since the introduction of an extra scattering event to polarize the X-rays decreases the intensity, scattering from the interior of cylinders can be used to utilize a manifold of beams. This paper concerns itself with the development of a phenomenological theory, based on the mosaic model, to serve as a guide to developing better X-ray optics for Bragg scattered polarized X-ray spectrometers. The improved efficiency of the bent crystal (Johann) over the flat crystal has two sources. One is purely geometric and depends upon the collimator(s) length, l, and radius, τ, upon the radius of the Rowland circle, R, and upon the displacement of the source from the Rowland circle, e. The other source of improvement arises from mosaic block size, t0, and from the mosaic block distribution function here assumed to be Gaussian with a standard deviation of η √2 . In the approximation of negligible true absorption and 1° and 2° extinction the theoretical results depend upon geometry only. For the diffraction of CuKα radiation from Cu(113) and with instrument parameters l = 1 cm, e = 0.88 cm, R = 1.5 cm and τ = 0.15 cm the reported efficiency ratio bent/flat is 3. Model calculations can reproduce this result and indicate that higher gains of about 7–9 are more likely optimal.
Deploying assistive technology across campus: a collaborative approach

Advancements in technology have not only increased the amount of information and resources available to college and university students and staff, but have also opened doors for countless individuals with disabilities. Various forms of information technology devices and products have provided the disabled population with increased access to education. More importantly these advances have helped to redefine possibilities for many individuals who previously had limited opportunities. At the same time, individuals with disabilities continue to face challenges when it comes to accessing information, conducting everyday business, and participating in general communication and collaborative endeavors which require the use of technology. As more and more people gain access to this world of digital information, IT specialists will play a crucial role in ensuring that this information is available and accessible to disabled and non-disabled populations alike. This presentation will address accessibility considerations as they relate to technology at colleges and universities, and how these technologies can be deployed in a cost effective and proactive manner through a collaborative approach. Attendees will learn about existing technology available as well as the significance of incorporating universal design concepts in IT projects. In addition, the presentation will highlight the importance of collaboration across departments - encouraging the blending of resources, ideas and expertise as an effective way to further the goal of universal accessibility.
IT-01PD1/PDL1 INTERACTIONS MEDIATE SUPPRESSION OF ANTI-TUMOR IMMUNE ACTIVITY IN GLIOMA

Recent work has demonstrated that the interaction of the Programed Death-1 (PD1) negative costimulatory molecule with its ligand, PDL1 in the tumor microenvironment, plays an immunoregulatory role that may prevent the development of a successful anti-tumor response. We hypothesized that dendritic cell vaccination (DCVax) would induce a compensatory upregulation of PDL1 within the tumor microenvironment as a result of increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We also hypothesized that simultaneous blockade of the PD1/ PDL1 interaction would promote a successful antitumor response. To test this, immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice were implanted with GL261 glioma cells in the brain. Mice were then stratified into 4 treatment groups (Tx on days 3 and 13 post-implant): (1) Control; (2) IP murine anti-PD1 mAb (10mg/kg) only; (3) subcutaneous GL261 lysate-pulsed DCVax only; and (4) combination (anti-PD1 mAb plus DCVax). Overall survival was quantified. On post-implant days 15 and 20, mice were imaged using a Bruker 7T MR scanner to obtain anatomical, perfusion, and pH-weighted data. On post-implant days 16 and 21, mice were imaged with [18F]-FAC PET to evaluate the lymphocyte response. Tumor-bearing hemisphere, spleen, and lymph node (LN) leukocytes were then harvested, processed, and stained for FACS analysis. Median survival of the combination group was significantly greater than the DCVax or PD-1 treatment groups (p < 0.005). MRI showed decreased tumor volume and inflammation in the combination group. FACS analysis and [18F]-PET demonstrated significantly enhanced numbers of activated lymphocytes accumulating within the cervical LN and tumor in PD-1 mAb, DCVax, and combination treatment groups. Elevated PDL1 expression on tumor-associated APCs was also noted in the DCVax group, but specifically lower in the combination group. We propose that PDL1 is upregulated within the tumor in response to immunotherapy, but can be blocked to restore effective anti-tumor immune responses.
The central limit theorem on spaces of positive definite matrices

A central limit theorem is obtained for orthogonally invariant random variables on Pn, the space of n × n real, positive definite symmetric matrices. The derivation requires the Taylor expansion of the spherical functions for the general linear group GL(n, R). This extends from the case n = 3 a result of Terras (J. Multivariate Anal. 23 (1987), 13–36).
Attitudes toward maternal roles and the effects on life satisfaction: Black, hispanic, and white models

Using a nationally representative sample from the 2002 General Social Survey (GSS) and a woman of color feminist analysis, this study examines the attitudes Black, Hispanic, and White Americans have toward maternal roles and the effects these attitudes have on life satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses reveal that: (1) age is a predictor of job-life satisfaction for White respondents but not for Black or Hispanic respondents, (2) managing home and work life is important to family-life satisfaction for Black and White respondents but not for Hispanic respondents; (3) viewing children as life’s greatest joy is important for family-life satisfaction among all three groups.
Gravitational scaling dimensions

A model for quantized gravitation based on simplicial lattice discretization is studied in detail using a comprehensive finite size scaling analysis combined with renormalization group methods. The results are consistent with a value for the universal critical exponent for gravitation, {nu}=1/3, and suggest a simple relationship between Newton's constant, the gravitational correlation length and the observable average space-time curvature. Some perhaps testable phenomenological implications of these results are discussed. To achieve a high numerical accuracy in the evaluation of the lattice path integral a dedicated parallel machine was assembled. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Antigen profiles for the quantitative assessment of eosinophils in mouse tissues by flow cytometry

Abstract Much of our current understanding of eosinophil-associated pathologies has developed from the use of mouse models. While mouse eosinophils can be readily detected by flow cytometric methods, most studies do not document the efficiency of this process compared to direct counting of stained cells. Our intent was to address this knowledge gap by identifying one or more eosinophil-specific antigen profiles that yielded flow cytometric data that was statistically consistent with direct counts. We found that anti-CD193 (CCR3) and anti-CD125 (IL-5Rα) antibodies were effective at detecting eosinophils in bone marrow of interleukin-5 transgenic mice, but these antibodies under-reported the percent positive cells. In contrast, anti-Siglec F alone or in combination with anti-CD45 can be used for the quantitative detection of eosinophils in mouse bone marrow and spleen. The antigen profile CD45 + SiglecF + CD11c − was effective at detecting eosinophils in the lung as well as bone marrow and spleen, and the results obtained correlated with direct morphometric counts under all conditions evaluated (r 2 = 0.98–0.99). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis presenting definitive correlations between percent eosinophils detected by cell surface markers and direct counting of stained cells in multiple tissues and at varying degrees of eosinophilia.
Comparison of three jet nebulizer aerosol delivery systems used to administer recombinant human DNase I to patients with cystic fibrosis

Study objective: To compare the degree of improvement in pulmonary function achieved with recombinant human DNase I (rhDNase) administered by three different aerosol delivery systems: DeVilbiss Pulmo-Aide compressor with the Marquest Acorn II nebulizer, the Hudson T Up-draft nebulizer, and the Pari LC Jet Plus nebulizer with the Pari Inhalier Boy compressor. These produce similar aerosols in vitro in terms of size distribution and activity of delivered rhDNase. Study design: Multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison of changes from baseline in pulmonary function variables in each test group. Patients were treated with rhDNase (2.5 mg bid ) for 15 days, administered with three different aerosol delivery systems. Setting: Outpatient clinics at 26 sites in the United States. Patients: 397 patients >5 years of age with cystic fibrosis and baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) values between 40 and 70% of predicted values. Results: All three nebulizers gave comparable improvements in pulmonary function. FEV 1 increased by an average of 13.2 to 14.1%, FVC by 10.9 to 11.8%, and forced midexpiratory flow (FEF25-75) by 16.5 to 17.1%. No unusual or unexpected adverse events were reported other than those that would be expected in patients with cystic fibrosis. Conclusions: Recombinant human DNase I produced a similar magnitude of improvement in the pulmonary function of patients with cystic fibrosis when the drug was administered using three different types of nebulizer systems with similar in vitro delivery and safety characteristics.
Post-Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presenting with Guillain-Barre syndrome and elevated anti-ganglioside antibodies: a case report and review of the literature

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a demyelinating polyneuropathy resulting in sensory, motor and autonomic symptoms. The severity of the disease can range from mild to severe but it is classically described as an ascending demyelinating process. Initially thought to be the sequelae of a bacterial or viral infection, the clinical symptoms of post-infective GBS can present up to 4 weeks after sentinel injury. A rarely defined post-surgical GBS has been since described after major cranial, cardiothoracic and gastro-intestinal surgery. Post traumatic GBS is an even more unusual presentation with very few cases reported in contemporary academic literature. We present a case of GBS presenting two weeks after non-operative traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a review of the literature.
Feminist Thinkers and the Demands of Femininity: The Lives and Work of Intellectual Women

Feminist Thinkers and the Demands of Femininity: The Lives and Work of Intellectual Women. By Lori Jo Marso. New York: Routledge, 2006. 240p. $ 95.00 cloth, $24.95 paper. This elegant book explores the memoirs, private correspondence, and other self-revelatory writings of prominent feminist thinkers with a view to disclosing their struggles to live feminist lives while contending with conventional gender norms. The socially constructed standards of proper femininity that encumbered these women are what the author terms “the demands of femininity.” According to Lori Jo Marso, the demands of femininity vary “in terms of race, class and historical and cultural location” (p. 30), but notwithstanding their malleable content, these normative representations constitute constraints to which all women are subject under patriarchal conditions.
Endovascular management of cerebral bypass graft problems: an analysis of technique and results.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral bypass grafts may develop generalized graft narrowing or focal stenosis during the perioperative period or later. Endovascular techniques such as PTA and stent placement of graft vessels are potential treatment options. Our objective was to review the safety, indications, technique, and results of endovascular management of graft problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with cerebral bypass procedures by using graft vessels from 2005 to 2009 were identified from a prospective registry and were studied retrospectively. Patient characteristics, bypass procedures, indications for endovascular interventions, graft patency, and clinical outcomes were reviewed from medical charts and imaging records. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients underwent bypass procedures by using graft vessels. Seven patients of this group underwent endovascular interventions for the treatment of graft narrowing. Four of the 7 patients were treated for graft narrowing in the perioperative period ( CONCLUSIONS: PTA is safe and effective in the management of graft spasm in the perioperative period. For late graft stenosis, PTA alone provides only temporary respite, while PTA with stent placement may be an effective solution.
Real-time music notation in mixed laptop-acoustic ensembles

SGLC is a recent set of extensions to LOLC, a text-based environment for collaborative improvisation for laptop ensembles. SGLC integrates acoustic musicians into the LOLC environment: Laptop musicians author short commands to generate real-time notation, and acoustic musicians sight-read it in performance. We describe the background and motivations of the project, outline the design of LOLC and SGLC, explain the use of SGLC in a musical composition by one of the authors, and evaluate the impact of real-time notation on a concert performance with the environment.
Exorcism as Empowerment: A New Idiom

During the years 1610 and 1611, two Ursuline novices underwent an exorcism in southern France. In the spring of 1611, their confessor, Father Louis Gaufridy, was condemned of witchcraft and rape by Dominican inquisitors, and burned at the stake by state ofﬁcials. The Dominican inquisitors found Father Gaufridy guilty of causing the Ursulines to be possessed by demons, and luring the young women to caves where they participated in illicit activities. Rather than accepting the role of victim, the Ursulines, working in collusion, accomplished the miraculous: public exoneration, and reintegration into their religious community accompanied not only by a reclaimed stature as women religious, but by an elevated stature. Through an intricate play of accusation and expiation, carefully worked through the demons that possessed them, the Ursuline novices reconstructed themselves as virtuous women religious.
Statistical analysis of the effect of input errors on expert system advice

A randomized, statistical test method is presented in which system responses to specific input sequences are compared to those obtained when some system queries are answered incorrectly. Over a representative sample of input sequences this method leads to an overall error sensitivity rate as well as query-specific error rates that reflect key questions in the input sequence. The test method developed here can be used to generate overall and specific analyses of the consequences of user input errors in the application of a medical expert system. A simple example is provided by a nonbranching, three-rule system for which all inputs are yes/no, and three advice-oriented outputs are provided. >
Distributed photonic A/D conversion using a neural network, oversampling, and spectral noise shaping

An array of low-resolution quantizers embedded in a distributed mesh architecture is shown to provide improved performance while reducing the effects of component mismatch. A photonic approach is described which incorporates a modelocked laser, interferometer, and a smart pixel array.
Tracheal Atresia Associated with Congenital Absence of the Radii An Addition to the VATER Syndrome

A case report of tracheal atresia with congenital absence of the radii is described. The authors suggest that this represents an addition to the VATER association.
Analytical comparison of wideband microstrip log‐periodic and coplanar waveguide antennas

Customer driven rapid progress in the broadband wireless industry, particularly the evolution of ultra-wideband communication has rendered an urge toward the design and development of cost-effective, light weight, and compact wideband antennas. As the requirement arose with the successive development of new techniques, variety of antennas were developed for different applications. Predominately microstrip patch antennas are preferred, because of their added advantage of compact size and less weight in comparison to the other competitors such as flare-shaped antennas. One of the shortcomings of microstrip antenna is their narrow bandwidth and to address this issue various techniques were explored and presented. Two of the techniques: coplanar waveguide and log-periodic are analyzed and discussed in this work. Antennas were designed using both, aforesaid, techniques for the same band, fabricated on cost-effective FR-4 substrate and then measured using the vector network analyser. Salient features of each type are discussed with expected drawbacks. Simulation of the structures is done in software such as agilent advance design system momentum (MoM based) and CST Microwave Studio(TLM based). Although, these simulators are based on different EM techniques still have produced acceptable simulation results for antennas in comparison with their respective measured results as expected. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1854–1860, 2014
Influence of muscle fiber type and pedal frequency on oxygen uptake kinetics of heavy exercise

We tested the hypothesis that the amplitude of the additional slow component of O2 uptake (VO2) during heavy exercise is correlated with the percentage of type II (fast-twitch) fibers in the contracting muscles. Ten subjects performed transitions to a work rate calculated to require a VO2 equal to 50% between the estimated lactate (Lac) threshold and maximal VO2 (50% delta). Nine subjects consented to a muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis. To enhance the influence of differences in fiber type among subjects, transitions were made while subjects were pedaling at 45, 60, 75, and 90 rpm in different trials. Baseline VO2 was designed to be similar at the different pedal rates by adjusting baseline work rate while the absolute increase in work rate above the baseline was the same. The VO2 response after the onset of exercise was described by a three-exponential model. The relative magnitude of the slow component at the end of 8-min exercise was significantly negatively correlated with % type I fibers at every pedal rate (r = 0.64 to 0.83, P 0.05). We conclude that fiber type distribution significantly affects both the fast and slow components of VO2 during heavy exercise and that fiber type and fitness may have both codependent and independent influences on the metabolic and gas-exchange responses to heavy exercise.
Developments in physical chemistry and basic principles

The metallurgical industry faces challenges in the development and production of new products in response to rapidly changing technologies that demand materials with widely different properties and increasingly stringent quality control. Such materials include semiconductors, ultrahigh-purity metals, chemical-vapor-deposited metallic films, high-performance intermetallics, metallic superconductors, and metal-based composites. In view of this, the author propounded the establishment of value-addition metallurgy as a subdiscipline of extractive and process metallurgy. Such a subdiscipline would cover the principles and practice involved in the production of these value-added advanced materials based on metals. In this respect, this annual review article now includes a section covering papers concerned with these topics.
A Model for Analyzing the Universality and Transferability of Management: Comment

The article reports the author's opinions regarding the article “A Model for Analyzing the Universality and Transferability of Management,” by Harold Koontz, published in the December 1969 issue. T...
CATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN CELLS AND PLASMA OF MAMMALIAN BLOOD: I. METHODS AND APPLICATION TO POTASSIUM EXCHANGE IN HUMAN BLOOD

Sodium and potassium exchange has been studied in the blood of the sheep, dog, cow, and man. The potassium exchange rate in human cells is practically unaltered by increasing the plasma potassium concentration approximately threefold. Comparing the results in different species the exchange rate for potassium shows a rough correlation with the intracellular amount of the element. Expressed in per cent of the cellular content sodium tends to exchange more rapidly than potassium. In three instances the specific activity curves deviate from the simple exponential behavior of a two compartment system. In the exchange of potassium in canine blood the deviation is caused by the presence of a rapidly exchanging fraction in the buffy coat cells. Such an effect does not account for the inhomogeneity of sodium exchange in human blood.
A bayesian latent variable mixture model for longitudinal fetal growth

Fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality that could be reduced if high-risk infants are identified early in pregnancy. We propose a Bayesian model for aggregating 18 longitudinal ultrasound measurements of fetal size and blood flow into three underlying, continuous latent factors. Our procedure is more flexible than typical latent variable methods in that we relax the normality assumptions by allowing the latent factors to follow finite mixture distributions. Using mixture distributions also permits us to cluster individuals with similar observed characteristics and identify latent classes of subjects who are more likely to be growth or blood flow restricted during pregnancy. We also use our latent variable mixture distribution model to identify a clinically meaningful latent class of subjects with low birth weight and early gestational age. We then examine the association of latent classes of intrauterine growth restriction with latent classes of birth outcomes as well as observed maternal covariates including fetal gender and maternal race, parity, body mass index, and height. Our methods identified a latent class of subjects who have increased blood flow restriction and below average intrauterine size during pregnancy. These subjects were more likely to be growth restricted at birth than a class of individuals with typical size and blood flow.
Observations about the Nature and State of Computer Science

Observations about computer science, after two years in Washington as an Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation for Computer and Information Science and Engineering. This talk will assess the state of computer science, the expanding research horizons, the shaping of the new “Information technology for the Twenty First Century“ initiative, and the role of theoretical computer science in this setting.
Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of CFRP: Design of Experiment With a Cutting Force Model

Drilling is one of very important machining processes in many applications of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) has been successfully used in drilling of CFRP composites to overcome poor machinability. Cutting force is one of the most important output variables for evaluating drilling process, since it will greatly influence cutting temperature, tool wear, and surface conditions. Currently, there are no reported investigations on effect of input variables on cutting force using design of experiment (DOE) method in RUM of CFRP composites. Five-variable two-level full factorial design has been conducted to study cutting force based on a mechanistic predictive model in RUM of CFRP composites. Main effects as well as interaction effects of five process variables (vibration amplitude, tool rotation speed, feedrate, abrasive size, and abrasive concentration) on cutting force are revealed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME