cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific Soluble Oligomers of Amyloid-β Peptide Undergo Replication and Form Non-fibrillar Aggregates in Interfacial Environments

Aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer disease. Among the different forms of Aβ aggregates, low molecular weight species ranging between ~2- and 50-mers, also called "soluble oligomers," have emerged as the species responsible for early synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. Emerging evidence suggests that the neurotoxic oligomers need not be formed along the obligatory nucleation-dependant fibril formation pathway. In our earlier work, we reported the isolation of one such "off-pathway" 12-18-mer species of Aβ42 generated from fatty acids called large fatty acid-derived oligomers (LFAOs) (Kumar, A., Bullard, R. L., Patel, P., Paslay, L. C., Singh, D., Bienkiewicz, E. A., Morgan, S. E., and Rangachari, V. (2011) PLoS One 6, e18759). Here, we report the physiochemical aspects of LFAO-monomer interactions as well as LFAO-LFAO associations in the presence of interfaces. We discovered that LFAOs are a replicating strain of oligomers that recruit Aβ42 monomers and quantitatively convert them into LFAO assemblies at the expense of fibrils, a mechanism similar to prion propagation. We also found that in the presence of hexane-buffer or chloroform-buffer interfaces LFAOs are able to associate with themselves to form larger but non-fibrillar aggregates. These results further support the hypothesis that low molecular weight oligomers can be generated via non-fibril formation pathways. Furthermore, the unique replicating property of off-pathway oligomers may hold profound significance for Alzheimer disease pathology.
Physical Simulation of Deformation and Microstructure Evolution During Friction Stir Processing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

The feasibility of using high-strain rate (1.475 to 3.942 s−1) hot-torsion testing with a Gleeble® thermomechanical simulator was demonstrated for simulating microstructures consistent with friction stir processing (FSP) of Ti-6Al-4V. The tests were performed on α/β-processed base material at temperatures both above and below the β-transus. Various phenomena including the refinement of α- and β-grains, deformation-induced heating, and deformation instabilities were observed. These tests reproduced the range of microstructures that are observed under FSP processing conditions. The testing methodology can be used for generating constitutive material property equations relevant to computational FSP/friction stir welding models.
The impact of cultural differences and acculturation factors on post-acquisition conflict ☆

The importance of cultural factors as antecedents of post-acquisition conflict has been recognized in previous research. Nevertheless, this recognition has translated itself into relatively little wide-scale empirical research. Therefore, this paper empirically examines the impact of cultural differences and acculturation factors on post-acquisition conflict. It proposes that post-acquisition conflict can be explained by cultural differences and acculturation factors. The sample is based on domestic and international acquisitions carried out by Finnish corporations during the period 2001—2004. The results show that organizational cultural differences and organizational cultural preservation increase conflict, partner attractiveness decreases conflict, while national cultural differences have no influence on the level of conflict. These findings confirm that both organizational cultural differences and acculturation factors are needed to explain the essential dynamics of post-acquisition integration.
Railgun current density distributions

A closed form solution for the magnetic field intensity and current density in an electromagnetic railgun is presented for a simple geometrical design. A constant velocity for the armature and constant material properties for the rail and armature have been assumed in all calculations. Plots of the magnetic field, current densities, and current streamline are presented for a sample velocity and conductive material.
Mode of bacterial inactivation by chlorine dioxide

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effects of chlorine dioxide on dehydrogenase enzymes, protein synthesis, and deoxyribonucleic acid of bacteria in order to elucidate the mode of action of chlorine dioxide. Experiments were carried out in a specially designed unit which permitted sampling for bacterial survivals at time intervals from 5 to 1800 s after the addition of the disinfectant. Bacterial numbers were determined by the pour plate technique. The total dehydrogenase activity of Escherichia coli was determined by the colorimetric estimation of triphenyl formazan, and cell extracts were assayed for their ability to incorporate radioactive phenylalanine into protein. DNA extracted from chlorine dioxide-treated Haemophilus influenzae was tested for its ability to transform competent cells. Partially purified DNA was also exposed to chlorine dioxide and tested for transformability. Experimental results show that total dehydrogenase enzymes were completely inhibited within the first 5 s of reaction even while considerable numbers of bacteria remained viable. Protein synthesis was partially inhibited by chlorine dioxide and the extent of inhibition was found to be proportional to the initial chlorine dioxide dosage. Glutathione did not reverse the effect of chlorine dioxide on bacterial viability, total dehydrogenase activity or protein synthesis. When whole cells of H. influenzae were exposed to chlorine dioxide, the DNA transforming activity was not affected. Similarly, when a partially purified extract of H. influenzae DNA was treated with chlorine dioxide, no inhibition of DNA transformation occurred within the first minute of reaction. Moreover, after a contact time of 5 min or more, a very high chlorine dioxide dose of 20 mg l −1 produced only a slight inhibition of DNA transforming function. Thus, the primary site of action of chlorine dioxide on bacteria must lie elsewhere in the cell other than in the dehydrogenase enzymes, the protein synthesizing complex or DNA, although inhibition of protein synthesis may have a contributory lethal effect.
Reproductive failure in aged CBF1 male mice: interrelationships between pituitary gonadotropic hormones, testicular function, and mating success.

Circulating pituitary gonadotropins and testicular function were examined in aged CBF1 male mice using two experimental designs: a) a longitudinal analysis of 2 to 30-month-old males, and b) a direct comparison of weight-matched, sexually-active vs. sexually-inactive 24-month-old males, all of whom were relatively robust. Measurements included serum concentrations of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone, gonadotropic responsiveness to castration, success in a 4-day mating test, testicular sperm content, and reproductive organ weights. The longitudinal analysis showed progressive losses in mating success and sperm production between 18 and 30 months, changes which were correlated with decreased levels of serum LH and testosterone but not with FSH. The direct comparison of robust, sexually-active vs. -inactive males provided a better design for identifying reproductive-specific effects of aging, as opposed to debilitative changes that are general to several supporting systems....
Parametric study of threaded fastener loosening due to cyclic transverse loads

Abstract This paper presents results from an experimental investigation of mechanical loosening in bolted joints due to cyclic transverse loads. The influence on the resistance to loosening of basic parameters such as preload, fastener material elastic modulus, nominal diameter, thread pitch, hole fit and lubrication is quantified. Sixty-four tests have been performed as part of a nested-factorial design in which the nominal diameter is the nesting factor of preload, thread pitch and hole fit. A statistical analysis identifies the factors and interactions that significantly affect the resistance to loosening and it is found that the preload and the fastener elasticity are the most influencing parameters. A statistical model is developed that predicts the level of loosening reached by a threaded fastener under defined conditions. The analysis shows that optimum conditions to avoid fastener loosening are high preload, low modulus of elasticity, large diameter, lubrication, tight fit and fine threads.
Maintenance policies under imperfect information

Abstract This paper presents a continuous time maintenance problem where deterioration is Markovian and the state of the system is not directly observable except by means of an inspection. The costs incurred are inspection costs, state occupancy costs and replacement costs. We examine the problem of minimizing the expected average cost per unit time.
Passive heat removal impact on AREVA HTR design

Abstract The AREVA modular HTR steam supply system (SC-HTGR) is being developed to provide high temperature steam for a variety of applications such as chemical processing, refineries, tar sands, and synthetic fuel production. The passive safety characteristics of modular HTRs are important for such applications, since siting must consider the collocation of the HTR and the industrial energy user. Maintaining these characteristics is an important consideration during the design optimization process. Particular attention must be given to passive decay heat removal, since this capability is a strong function of the system geometry and operating conditions. The most challenging heat removal scenario is a depressurized loss of forced circulation i.e. a depressurized conduction cooldown (DCC). Therefore, DCC is a key consideration in determining acceptability of initial design and in guiding future design activities as the concept is optimized. Initial scoping DCC analyses are performed to confirm basic acceptability of the current SC-HTGR design. Both fuel temperatures and key component temperatures are evaluated. These initial results confirm the safety characteristics of the AREVA HTR concept, and they provide a sound basis for further optimization of the design.
Marine applications for fluoropolymers

Fluoropolymers possess a number of unusual properties which should prompt wide usage in marine applications: (1) exceptional resistance to the effects of water, sunlight and biological organisms, (2) non-wetting, fast-draining surfaces, (3) anti-adhesive surfaces, (4) low friction or dry-film lubricant properties, and (5) special properties such as high thermal stability of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and easy moldability of fluoroepoxy. Fluoropolymers are not widely used in marine applications and the initial cost is most often cited as the reason.
5 W monolithic HBT amplifier for broadband X-band applications

The first monolithic heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) amplifier producing greater than 5-W output power at X-band frequencies is reported. Monolithic impedance-matching circuits were designed using measured and modeled large-signal device parameters at the unit-cell level. Unit cells were then connected in parallel to obtain an output-power increase proportional to unit-cell count. A single-stage, totally monolithic amplifier was fabricated using 2.4-mm-emitter-length AlGaAs-GaAs HBT for operation in the 7-10-GHz frequency range. A maximum of 5.3-W CW output power was obtained in this frequency range with 4.6-dB gain and 22% power-added efficiency. >
Autonomous Robotic Sensing Experiments at San Joaquin River

Distributed, high-density spatiotemporal observations are proposed for answering many river related questions, including those pertaining to hydraulics and multi-dimensional river modeling, geomorphology, sediment transport and riparian habitat restoration. In spite of the recent advancements in technology, currently available systems have many constraints that preclude long term, remote, autonomous, high resolution monitoring in the real environment. We present here a case study of an autonomous, high resolution robotic spatial mapping of cross-sectional velocity and salt concentration in a river basin. The scientific objective of this investigation was to characterize the transport and mixing phenomena at the confluence of two distinctly different river streams - San Joaquin River and its tributary Merced River. Several experiments for analyzing the spatial and temporal trends at multiple cross-sections of the San Joaquin River were performed during the campaign from August 21-25, 2006. These include deterministic dense raster scans and in-field adapted experimental design. Preliminary analysis from these experiments illustrating the range of investigations is presented with the focus on adaptive experiments that enable sparse sampling to provide larger spatial coverage without discounting the dynamics in the phenomena. Lessons learned during the campaign are discussed to provide useful insights for similar robotic investigations in aquatic environments.
A New Agenda for Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: Response to Coursey

A new agenda for the practice and study of psychotherapy of schizophrenia should focus not on the longstanding debate as to whether psychotherapy is effective, but on how it may be effective for particular groups of patients, and on combining psychotherapy with other interventions over the course of illness. Empirical studies have failed to substantiate claims for broadly superior outcome when patients are treated with psychotherapy, and practitioners of psychotherapy may need to have a narrower focus and more modest expectations for change. Research efforts should work toward developing guidelines for selective use of psychotherapy that are consistent with our recognition that schizophrenic patients show heterogeneity in their etiology, presenting symptoms, and clinical course. Intrapsychic, experiential, and interpersonal aspects of schizophrenia that are most resistant to other treatment approaches may be sensitive to psychotherapeutic intervention, and a psychodynamic approach to therapy offers the most direct help with a disordered inner world to the person struggling with schizophrenia.
What effect does anterior cruciate ligament tibial guide orientation have on tibial tunnel length

Purpose To evaluate the effects of alteration in tibial guide pin insertion angle and external starting point on tibial tunnel length for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods Ten cadaveric tibial specimens were used. One pin was placed at each of variable insertion angles (55°, 50°, and 45°) of the tibial targeting device aimed at the center of the tibial ACL footprint. These 3 pins started externally along the anterior border of the superficial medial collateral ligament. A fourth pin at 50° was placed at a different external tibial starting point 1.5 cm anterior to the anterior border of the superficial medial collateral ligament. The intraosseous length of each pin was measured. Statistic analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, with significance set at P Results The mean length for the 55° tibial tunnel was 50.3 mm (range, 42 to 56 mm); for the 50° tunnel, it was 48.9 mm (range, 44 to 55 mm); for the 50° anterior tunnel, it was 47.6 mm (range, 39 to 55 mm); and for the 45° tunnel, it was 47.3 mm (range, 41 to 52 mm). Changing the angle of the tibial guide did not significantly affect the length of the tibial tunnel ( P = .18). Changing the external tibial starting point did not affect the length of the tibial tunnel ( P = .39). Conclusions Changing the tibial guide angle between 45°, 50°, and 55° does not appreciably change tibial tunnel length. Moving the starting point anterior 1.5 cm toward the tibial tubercle also has no effect on the tibial tunnel length. The lack of significant changes in tunnel length with these interventions may reflect the associated changes that occur in proximal tibial morphometry with change in external tibial starting position. Clinical Relevance Changing tibial tunnel length in ACL reconstruction likely requires more distalization of the external tibial starting point than is achieved simply by altering the tibial aiming guide angle by 10° or less.
Development of morphophonemic segments in children’s mental representations of words

This study explores the development in children of dual-level phonological processing. Evidence suggesting that 6-year-olds form underlying representations composed of morphophonemic segments was obtained by asking children to imitate complex words, omit specified portions, and discuss the meaning of the resulting word parts. Trial items represent a variety of instances in which phonetic forms differ from underlying representations. Although language-advanced first graders produced stronger evidence suggesting morphophonemic segments than language-delayed age-mates, and young adults supplied stronger evidence than either first-grade group; strength of evidence leads to the interpretation that even language-delayed 6-year-olds form morphophonemic segments. Differences in performance between groups probably derive from differences in metalinguistic abilities and linguistic experience rather than from differences in units of phonological processing.
The BP Oil Disaster: Stock and Option Market Reactions

The BP Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded on April 20, 2010, leading to an unprecedented environmental and financial disaster. This paper details responses in the financial markets for BP securities, including stock, bonds, options, and credit default swaps. Following the disaster BP shares dropped more than 50 percent in value, with high volatility. BP share trading volume increased thirteen-fold, and option trading volume increased twenty-fold. The implied volatility of BP shares also jumped, ranging between two and four times its earlier levels. Interest rate spreads on BP bonds widened and the prices of credit default swaps exploded. Finally, on June 16, the company announced that cash dividends were suspended. We provide evidence from options markets that this dividend suspension was anticipated. From late June through September, there was a partial reversion to pre-explosion levels in all markets. We detail the degree of integration across markets, as wide swings in BP’s outlook were simultaneously absorbed in the various markets.
A Parallel Bottom-up Clustering Algorithm with Applications to Circuit Partitioning in VLSI Design

In this paper, we present a bottom-up clustering algorithm based on recursive collapsing of small cliques in a graph. The sizes of the small cliques are derived using random graph theory. This clustering algorithm leads to a natural parallel implementation in which multiple processors are used to identify clusters simultaneously. We also present a cluster-based partitioning method in which our clustering algorithm is used as a preprocessing step to both the bisection algorithm by Fiduccia and Mattheyses and a ratio-cut algorithm by Wei and Cheng. Our results show that cluster-based partitioning obtains cut sizes up to 49.6% smaller than the bisection algorithm, and obtains ratio cut sizes up to 66.8% smaller than the ratio-cut algorithm. Moreover, we show that cluster-based partitioning produces much stabler results than direct partitioning.
Re-design of path synchronization for minimal latency data vortex optical interconnection network

This paper proposes a re-designed synchronization strategy in Data Vortex optical interconnection network that allows for minimum physical latency. The paths between different routing levels are significantly shortened to minimize unnecessary delay while routing paths within the same routing level maintain the same length as the packet slot for on-the-fly routing operation. The results show a dramatic improvement in physical latency of the packets and effectiveness and simplicity of the strategy.
Sexual Victimization and Associated Risks Among Lesbian and Bisexual Women

This study examines relationships among childhood sexual abuse (CSA), risky alcohol use, and adult sexual victimization among bisexual and lesbian women. Half (51.2%) of women reported CSA and 71.2% reported adult sexual victimization. Perpetrators were generally male, and 56.4% of women's most recent adult sexual victimization incidents occurred after coming out. Regression results indicated that adult sexual victimization severity was associated with a bisexual identity, more severe CSA history, more lifetime sexual partners, and higher alcohol severity scores. Compared to lesbians, bisexual women reported more severe adult sexual victimization experiences, greater revictimization, riskier drinking patterns, and more lifetime male sexual partners.
Native chemical ligation at valine: a contribution to peptide and glycopeptide synthesis.

Our laboratory has been pursuing the total synthesis of naturally occurring glycoproteins bearing multiple oligosaccharide domains. Specifically, efforts are well underway to accomplish a de novo total synthesis of erythropoietin alpha (EPO), in homogeneous form.[1] Although a variety of peptide ligation strategies have been developed to facilitate the merger of large, complex peptide and glycopeptide fragments,[2–9] the need for highly efficient methodology continues to motivate the chemical community to develop more powerful strategies. Our pursuit of the total synthesis of homogeneous erythropoietin (EPO) as well as other biologically active glycopeptides has inspired new glycopeptide ligations.[10] To achieve our most complex goals, we must learn how to overcome the serious obstacles in joining glycopeptides in an iterative fashion.
Atomistic Simulations of Epitaxial Regrowth of As-doped Silicon

We conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of solid phase epitaxial growth of As-doped Si using a Tersoff potential characterized via comparison to DFT calculations, including energies of As n V clusters. The Si:As systems were initialized by amorphizing the surface region of crystalline silicon via Si ion implantation and/or selective melting. The remaining crystalline region provides dual function of controlling temperature in system without perturbing regrowth and providing seed for recrystallization. After recrystallization, isolated As atoms occupy substitutional sites, with the average number of nearest neighbors for As changing from about 3.3 in amorphous Si to 4 after crystallization. We observe V incorporation associated with high As concentrations. A small fraction of isolated As atoms have associated vacancies, while vacancies are incorporated in the majority of cases in which there are sites with two As neighbors. These observations are consistent with our previous model developed to explain kinetics of As shallow junction formation which assumed V incorporation at sites with 2 or more As nearest neighbors to account for experimental data.
Prehistoric human influence on the abundance and distribution of deadwood in alpine landscapes

Scientists have long inferred the locations of past treelines from the distribution of deadwood above modern tree boundaries. Although it is recognized that deadwood above treeline may have decayed, the absence of such wood is routinely taken to imply the absence of trees for periods ranging from the past few millennia to the entire Holocene. Reconstructed treeline histories are then explained in terms of such variables as slope, drainage, temperature, solar insolation, and precipitation. While these variables certainly help determine where deadwood is to be found above treeline today, we suggest that they cannot always explain where it is not to be found. In the alpine environments of the western United States, archeological work has established a human presence during nearly the entire Holocene in portions of the Rocky Mountains and for over 5000 radiocarbon years in the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada. We suggest that prehistoric occupations may have stripped deadwood from the landscape in all of these areas. To the extent that this is true, reconstructions of past treelines from deadwood may reflect the human prehistory of an area as much as it reflects treeline history itself. We encourage evaluation of this hypothesis in areas of active dendrochronological and archeological research.
Temperature-Dependent Development of the Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

ABSTRACT Egg duration period, immature development time, and pre-oviposition period of the cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, were measured at 9 constant temperatures in the laboratory. Egg duration period ranged from 15 d at 20°C to 7 d at 30°C. First instar development time was 30 d at 18°C but only 4 d at 35°C. No first instars completed development below 18°C or above 35°C. Development time of second instar females ranged from 19 d at 18 and 20°C to 9 d at 30°C. Development time of male second instar + pupa ranged from 15 d at 20°C to 9–10 d at 25–32°C. Pre-oviposition period averaged 14 d at 20°C to 8 d at 25– 32°C; no females laid eggs at 18 and 35°C. The lowest temperature threshold for all stages ranged from 8 to 12°C and 538 degree-days were required for female immature development in a linear model. Development rates of the scale are compared to those of 3 of its natural enemies, Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrody-Younga, Rhyzobius lophanthae (Blaisdell), and Coccobius fulvus (Co...
Potassium tert‐Butoxide

[865-47-4] C4H9KO (MW 112.23) InChI = 1S/C4H9O.K/c1-4(2,3)5;/h1-3H3;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (strong alkoxide base capable of deprotonating many carbon and other Brϕnsted acids; relatively poor nucleophile1) Physical Data: mp 256–258 °C (dec). Solubility: sol/100g solvent at 25–26 °C: hexane 0.27 g, toluene 2.27 g, ether 4.34 g, tert-BuOH 17.80 g, THF 25.00 g. Form Supplied in: white, hygroscopic powder; widely available commercially; also available as a 1.0 M solution in THF. Preparative Methods: sublimation (220 °C/1 mmHg; 180 °C/0.05 mmHg) of the commercial material prior to use is recommended. For critical experiments, the reagent should be freshly prepared prior to use. Solutions of the reagent in tert-BuOH may be prepared by reaction of the anhydrous alcohol with Potassium under nitrogen,2 or the solvent may be removed (finally at 150 °C/0.1–1.0 mmHg for 2 h) and solutions prepared using other solvents.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: do not breathe dust; avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Reacts with water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, and may ignite on exposure to air at elevated temperatures. Handle in an inert atmosphere box or bag and conduct reactions under an inert atmosphere in a fume hood. Store in small lots in sealed containers under nitrogen.
An observational study of hands-free communication devices mediated interruption dynamics in a nursing work system

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to examine how the integration of Hands-free Communication Devices (HCDs) differentiates the interruption dynamics from the existing knowledge of face-to-face interruptions in a nursing work system. Introduction Many aspects of nursing workflow and work efficiency have been improved with the implementation of HCDs; however, the frequency of interruptions in the work place has not been reduced. The complexity of HCD-mediated interruption dynamics needs to be studied using a Socio-technical Systems (STS) approach in order to holistically understand the problem and their effects. Methods We conducted field observations in the acute care setting. A total of 12 nurses across two units were selected as participants in this study. Each participant was shadowed for 2.5 h totaling 30 h of observations. We iteratively coded the data into overarching themes using content analysis. Results We determined three overarching themes: (1) assessment prior to interrupting, (2) interruption content delivery, and (3) response to interruptions. Based the coding structure and the observation events in each theme, we identified facilitators and barriers for nursing work related to the HCD-mediated interruption dynamics. The facilitators included “intact workflow continuity”, “reduced time pressure”, and “increased flexibility to respond to interruptions”. The barriers included “interrupter-oriented nature”, “interruptee׳s overprotection of workflow”, “delay of information delivery”, and “inaccuracy of information communicated”. Conclusion The findings of this study reflect the unique role of HCD in affecting interruption dynamics and nursing work. Based on the findings, we proposed system design recommendations, organizational-level interventions, and policy suggestions.
A Green Peace: The Closure of Overseas Military Installations and the Environmental Liability of the United States Government

The author presents an analysis of potential bases for liability for environmental damage and cleanup faced by the U.S Government as it closes military installations and rapidly reduces U.S. military presence in Europe in the post-Cold War era.
Adaptive deferred shading

The primary advantage of deferred shading is eliminating wasted shading operations for fragments that are occluded by others during rendering. Deferred shading starts by rendering the entire scene into a series of temporary buffers (a geometry buffer or G-buffer). Then, it performs the shading operations using the contents of these buffers. Hence, deferred shading executes the (potentially expensive) fragment shader exactly once for a given pixel sample, avoiding additional fragment shading invocations due to overdrawing. Although deferred shading requires an extra pass and significant memory overhead to store the G-buffer, it can still be beneficial to performance when fragment shading is sufficiently expensive.
A novel fabrication technique by composite material processing: Integrated metal-insulator-semiconductor fibers and fiber devices

Fabrication of functional devices in fibers by thermal drawing requires a material identification scheme and challenging composite material processing. A macroscopic preform rod containing metallic, semiconducting and insulating constituents in a variety of geometries and close contact leads to kilometer-long novel optoelectronic, and thermal mesoscopic fiber devices. The preform-to-fiber approach yields spectrally tunable photodetectors and integrated self-monitoring fibers.
Faith-Based Interventions for At-Risk Latino Youths: A Study of Outcomes

This is a study of the comparative outcome success experienced by 2748 participants in government-funded faith-based and community-based intervention programs for at-risk and adjudicated Latino youths run by 28 providers in five western cities. The Latino Coalition, an intermediary faith-based organization, subcontracted with 28 sub-grantees that provided the services from 2005–2008. The study found similar outcomes were experienced by youths in the faith-based versus the community-based programs, but it did find significantly different outcomes by the comprehensive versus non-comprehensive nature of the programs. The study places its findings in the context of faith-based and community initiatives and draws conclusions concerning the public policy implications of the government partnering with faith-based and community-based organizations to provide public services to needy, and especially minority, populations.
The Multi-dimensional Perspective on College Sports:The First Hundred Years University·Centennial Sports Featured a High Level Forum

In the Rise of the University of Centennial Sports Forum,May 13-14,2012,held at Peking University,government officials,principals and experts made discussion on sports and social development,college sports and cultural construction,as well as sports and talent development.Meantime,the perfect personality in sports causes everyone's sympathy,experts,scholars and government officials agree:physical education on personality cannot be ignored,sports culture produces important influence on university sports,combination of education and sports is a path of choice and physical education is an indispensable part in the process of talent training.
Private Environmental Standard Setting, Human Rights, and Human Communities

Private organizations have recently established numerous programs aimed at improving the environmental performance of industry. Many of the new programs seek to define and enforce standards for environmental management, and to make it difficult for producers not to participate in them. They claim, explicitly and implicitly, to promote the public interest. They take on functions generally performed by government regulatory programs, and may change or even displace government programs. Private programs thus have the potential to significantly reshape domestic and international policy institutions. This paper describes three major private environmental regulatory programs applicable to forestry and discusses their implications for environment, human rights, and community: the Forest Stewardship Council's forest and forest product certification program; the International Organization for Standardization's "ISO 14000" program; the American Forest and Paper Association's Sustainable Forestry Initiative. The paper concludes, among other things, that each of the programs has some potential for improving the environmental performance of forest enterprises, but that only the FSC program offers much hope of strengthening the protection of human rights and the participation of communities in forestry. Indeed the ISO and AF&PA programs seem designed to narrow the human rights concerns that firms must take into account, and to dampen the participation of communities by helping firms to "manage" community concerns more effectively. If one program were to prevail, it would likely be the ISO program, based on its superior organizational and financial resources. However, rather than being entirely separate, these and other programs compete with and complement each other in a larger regulatory arena. It is possible that one or more hybrids combining elements several programs will emerge over time. The paper also discusses problems posed by the growing role of private regulatory programs for equity, law, and democracy.
Abstract 2940: The p53 mutation R273H contributed to drug resistance of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were the standard first-line treatments for lung cancers with activating EGFR mutations. Emergent drug resistance is the major problem in the patients who received treatment of EGFR TKIs. Second point mutation T790M mutations could be found in 50-60% patients who had drug resistance to EGFR TKIs. Alternative pathway of Met signaling, transformation to small cell lung cancer, over-expression of other HER family receptors or epithelial mesenchymal transit were reported in these patients who had drug resistance to EGFR TKIs. NFKB pathway played a role of early resistance to EGFR TKIs in the patients. The p53 mutation could be found in 70-80% lung adenocarcinoma patients. These mutations could be found in lung cancer patients who had wild type or mutated EGFR. Lung adenocarcinomas with mutated p53 lose tumor suppressor function of wild type p53 and have new function from mutated p53. We thought p53 mutation may have gain of function and result in drug resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer patients. We knocked down p53 in three cancer cell line, MDA-MB-468 (p53 R273H), BT-549 (p53 R249S) and H322 (p53 R248L). We found knockdown of p53 R273H in MDA-MB-468 increased sensitivity to gefitinib. Knockdown of p53 R249S and p53 R248L showed the same response to gefitinib in cancer cell lines BT-549 and H322. Lung cancer cell line HCC827 had EGFR exon 19 deletion and was sensitive to gefitinib. We overexpressed p53 R273H, p53 R157H and p53 R249S in HCC827 lung cancer cell line. Overexpression of p53 R273H increased resistance to gefitinib in HCC827 lung cancer cell line. Overexpression of p53 R157H and p53 R249S did not increased the resistance to gefitinib. Conclusion: Gain of function of p53 R273H increased resistance to EGFR TKIs in cancer cell lines. Further immunohistochemistry staining and gene analysis of mutated p53 will be done in lung adenocarcinoma from lung cancer patients who received EGFR TKIs. Citation Format: Yueh-Fu Fang, Chun-Yu Lin, Peichih Lee. The p53 mutation R273H contributed to drug resistance of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2940.
Land-use legacies and the role of persistence traits in species recovery

Modern-day plant communities often retain imprints of intensive past land use. Do low-intensity land-use practices also produce legacies? In this issue, Jonason et al. (Applied Vegetation Science) demonstrate that, 80 yrs after grassland abandonment, meadow species can recover if habitat improves. I interpret these findings in the context of the spatiotemporal processes that shape regional-scale population dynamics.
How Living in the 'Hood Affects Risky Behaviors Among Latino and African American Youth

Using data from a natural experiment in Denver, we investigate whether the initiation of running away from home, aggressive or violent behavior, and marijuana use during adolescence are statistically related to the neighborhood contexts in which low-income Latino and African American youth were raised. Our analysis is based on retrospective child, caregiver, household, and neighborhood data for a sample of approximately 850 Latino and African American youth whose families were quasi-randomly assigned to public housing operated by the Denver (CO) Housing Authority during part of their childhood. We used Cox PH models and accelerated failure time models to estimate ethnic differentials in the hazards and timing of initiation of these risky behaviors during adolescence. We found that multiple dimensions of neighborhood context—especially safety, ethnic and nativity composition, and socioeconomic status—strongly and robustly predicted initiation of running away, aggressive or violence behavior, and marijuana use during adolescence.
Experience-Based Models of Surface Proximal Aerial Robot Flight Performance in Wind

This work presents an experiment-driven aerodynamic disturbance modeling technique that leverages experiences from past flights to construct a predictive model of the exogenous forces acting on an aerial robot. Specifically, we consider operation in turbulent air stemming from the interaction between wind and nearby surfaces. To construct the disturbance model, we employ Locally Weighted Projection Regression and relate the aerial robot’s state and an experimentally learned freestream wind model to the disturbance forces estimated during flight through the environment. The approach is experimentally validated through a set of flight tests in an indoor environment with artificially generated turbulent airflow that illustrate the computation of this disturbance model, its generalizability across flow conditions, and its utility for disturbance-aware motion planning.
The Science of a Sundae: Using the Principle of Colligative Properties in Food Science Outreach Activities for Middle and High School Students

The opportunities for outreach activities for professionals and academics in food science are extensive, as too are the range of participants’ experience levels and platforms for delivery. Here, we present a set of activities that are readily adaptable for a range of students (ages 10 to 18) in multiple platforms (demonstration table and hands-on workshop). Our activity, collectively called “The Science of a Sundae,” has three units, one for each of the three parts of a sundae: the caramel sauce, the cherry, and the ice cream. In each unit we use these familiar food items to illustrate how colligative properties (or, simply, “solutions” for younger students) impact the chemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of food. We have used these activities to present to over 1000 students and their parents/chaperones. Grade levels of student participants have ranged from 5th grade through high school, and these activities have been presented in the form of a demonstration table at science events as well as a set of three 45-minute workshops in a classroom setting. Educational impact of these activities was evaluated with 7th grade students (n = 77) who participated in the 3-phase workshop. On average, students who took the posttest (after participation in the workshop) scored 36% higher than students who took the pretest (prior to participation in the workshop). These results and instructor observations suggest the merit of this lesson and its adaptability among ages and platforms.
Leveraging EHRs for patient engagement: perspectives on tailored program outreach.

Objectives Electronic health records (EHRs) present healthcare delivery systems with scalable, cost-effective opportunities to promote lifestyle programs among patients at high risk for type 2 diabetes, yet little consensus exists on strategies to enhance patient engagement. We explored patient perspectives on program outreach messages containing content tailored to EHR-derived diabetes risk factors-a theory-driven strategy to increase the persuasiveness of health communications. Study design Convergent mixed methods. Methods Within an integrated healthcare delivery system, women with a history of gestational diabetes participated in 1 of 6 ethnic-specific focus groups to elicit diverse perspectives and a survey yielding quantitative data to contextualize qualitative responses. Results The sample included 35 participants (80% racial/ethnic minorities; mean age = 36 years). Themes regarding tailored messages centered on diabetes risk communication (opposing attitudes about whether to feature diabetes risk factors), privacy (how and whether patient data should be accessed), authenticity (perceiving messages as personalized vs generically computer generated), and preferences for messages sent by one's personal physician. Trust in the medical profession and perceived risk for diabetes were similar to levels reported in comparable samples. Conclusions Patient reactions highlight the challenges of leveraging EHRs for tailored messages. Some viewed messages as caring reminders to take preventive action and others raised concerns over intrusiveness. Optimal lifestyle program outreach to improve quality of care for women at high risk for diabetes may require communication from personal physicians, careful development to mitigate concerns over privacy and authenticity, and techniques to counteract the threatening nature of personalized risk communication.
Heart–Lung Transplantation

Heart–lung transplantation provides a definitive treatment for someone with end-stage heart and end-stage lung disease. With approximately 65 completed per year, it is a low-volume operation; however, it remains an essential operation for a subset of patients with congenital heart disease. The operation involves a donor and recipient, but unlike other thoracic transplants, the heart and lungs are removed and implanted en bloc. Postoperative care for these patients can be meticulous and difficult, but if a patient survives the postoperative period and out to 1 year, the median survival can be as much as 10 years.
The Ethics Edge, 2nd ed., Jonathan P. West, Evan Berman (Eds.). ICMA Press, Washington, DC (2006), 213

This volume is clearly aimed at practicing professionals in government and public administration and management. The contributors to this volume come from a broad rage of academic institutions in t...
Factors associated with palliative radiotherapy in the last 30 days of life.

84Background: A significant proportion of patients will undergo radiotherapy (RT) within their last 30 days of life. Identifying patients who may not benefit from RT is difficult and use of predictive models for life expectancy is not routine (Chow et al., JCO 2008; Krishnan et al., Cancer 2013). Methods: Patients treated with external beam RT to a site of metastatic disease between 2012-2016 at a single institution prior to death were included in this analysis. Mann-Whitney U and chi-squared tests were used to compare patients who received RT within 30 days of death (D30RT) and those who did not. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with D30RT. Results: 518 patients accounting for 922 palliative RT courses were included. Median age at treatment was 63 yrs (IQR 54-71 yrs), median survival time was 28 months (IQR 11-53 mos) and median time from RT to death was 74 days (IQR 33-174 days). 49% of patients were metastatic at diagnosis. The most common primary sites were lung (26%), bre...
Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors Expose a Vulnerability for Selective Killing of Pten-Null Cells

A hallmark of advanced prostate cancer (PC) is the concomitant loss of PTEN and p53 function. To selectively eliminate such cells, we screened cytotoxic compounds on Pten-/-;Trp53-/- fibroblasts and their Pten-WT reference. Highly selective killing of Pten-null cells can be achieved by deguelin, a natural insecticide. Deguelin eliminates Pten-deficient cells through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (CI). Five hundred-fold higher drug doses are needed to obtain the same killing of Pten-WT cells, even though deguelin blocks their electron transport chain equally well. Selectivity arises because mitochondria of Pten-null cells consume ATP through complex V, instead of producing it. The resulting glucose dependency can be exploited to selectively kill Pten-null cells with clinically relevant CI inhibitors, especially if they are lipophilic. In vivo, deguelin suppressed disease in our genetically engineered mouse model for metastatic PC. Our data thus introduce a vulnerability for highly selective targeting of incurable PC with inhibitors of CI.
Evidence-Based Screening Recommendations for Occult Cancers in the Setting of Newly Diagnosed Extramammary Paget Disease.

Abstract Objectives To identify the rates of associated and occult cancers in patients with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) discovered using cancer screening methods at a tertiary medical center; to propose evidence-based cancer screening guidelines at the time of diagnosis of EMPD; and to clarify terminology associating EMPD with underlying malignancies. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of patients with histologically confirmed EMPD presenting for care at our institution between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2015, was performed. Both male and female patients were included. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results A total of 161 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most (59.6%) were female patients, and the mean age at the time of EMPD diagnosis was 70.8±10.1 years. Most (82%) of the 161 patients had at least 1 cancer screening test performed, though screening practices varied widely. Of those screened for an underlying malignancy, 17 distant, noncontiguous malignancies were identified in 15 patients (11.4%), with prostate (n=5), urinary tract (n=5), and breast (n=2) malignancies found most frequently. Most malignancies were identified by urine cytology, mammography, and prostate-specific antigen blood test. Of all patients, 37 (23.0%) had an underlying contiguous malignancy identified by pathology. Conclusion All patients diagnosed with EMPD should undergo cancer screening. At minimum, evaluation should include age-appropriate screening and the addition of urine cytology, mammography, and prostate-specific antigen blood test—if not already performed—may be of particular use. An algorithm for evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed EMPD is proposed.