cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe Hepatotoxicity due to Ibrutinib with a Review of Published Cases.

Ibrutinib, an irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is an effective treatment for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and several other types of lymphoma. Studies prior to FDA approval in 2015 failed to demonstrate any hepatotoxicity. However, since then, there have been 2 reports in the literature of severe hepatic injury. We present a third case of a 77-year-old woman presenting with nausea and jaundice after recent discontinuation of ibrutinib and compare the presentation as well as course of all 3 known cases. The sudden onset of acute hepatotoxicity is idiosyncratic, occurring weeks after starting ibrutinib treatment. Liver biopsies in all cases revealed mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic features. Improvement progressed slowly upon discontinuation of ibrutinib. Awareness of ibrutinib hepatotoxicity, periodic surveillance of liver function tests, early recognition of any abnormalities, and prompt discontinuation of the medication are recommended.
Editorial: One Reason Why Not

After declining modestly from 1999 to 2007, death rates from suicide in adolescents increased 56% from 2007 to 2016.1 Suicide continues to be the second leading cause of death in this age group. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behavior in adolescents are not altogether different from those in adulthood, with potent risk factors including depression, a history of abuse, and, of course, prior suicidal ideation.2 One risk factor to which youth may be more susceptible than adults is media reports of suicide, including fictional stories. This effect whereby vulnerable youths imitate the suicidal behavior of celebrities, other youths, or fictional characters has referred to as "suicide contagion" or "copycat suicide." The study "Association Between the Release of Netflix's 13 Reasons Why and Suicide Rates in the United States: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis" in this issue tests whether this effect was observed in response to the release of the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why.3.
Substituted cysteine scanning in D1-S6 of the sodium channel hNav1.4 alters kinetics and structural interactions of slow inactivation

Slow inactivation in voltage-gated Na+ channels (Navs) plays an important physiological role in excitable tissues (muscle, heart, nerves) and mutations that disrupt Nav slow inactivation can result in pathophysiologies (myotonia, arrhythmias, epilepsy). While the molecular mechanisms responsible for slow inactivation remain elusive, previous studies have suggested a role for the pore-lining D1-S6 helix. The goals of this research were to determine if (1) cysteine substitutions in D1-S6 affect gating kinetics and (2) methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA) accessibility changes in different kinetic states. Site-directed mutagenesis in the human skeletal muscle isoform hNav1.4 was used to substitute cysteine for eleven amino acids in D1-S6 from L433 to L443. Mutants were expressed in HEK cells and recorded from with whole-cell patch clamp. All mutations affected one or more baseline kinetics of the sodium channel, including activation, fast inactivation, and slow inactivation. Substitution of cysteine (for nonpolar residues) adjacent to polar residues destabilized slow inactivation in G434C, F436C, I439C, and L441C. Cysteine substitution without adjacent polar residues enhanced slow inactivation in L438C and N440C, and disrupted possible H-bonds involving Y437:D4 S4-S5 and N440:D4-S6. MTSEA exposure in closed, fast-inactivated, or slow-inactivated states in most mutants had little-to-no effect. In I439C, MTSEA application in closed, fast-inactivated, and slow-inactivated states produced irreversible reduction in current, suggesting I439C accessibility to MTSEA in all three kinetic states. D1-S6 is important for Nav gating kinetics, stability of slow-inactivated state, structural contacts, and state-dependent positioning. However, prominent reconfiguration of D1-S6 may not occur in slow inactivation.
Extent of lymph node resection and effect on pancreatic cancer overall survival.

682Background: Lymph node (LN) metastases affect overall survival (OS) in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, a LN sampling threshold does not exist. We examined the impact of nodal sampling on overal...
Meeting the Needs of English Language Learners in Co-Requisite Courses at Community College

This qualitative study investigated co-requisite courses which pair a developmental course with a college-level course and offer insight into how co-requisite instructors adjusted their curriculum...
COVID-19 Spread in India: Dynamics, Modeling, and Future Projections

Abstract COVID-19 is an extremely infectious disease with a relatively large virus incubation period in the affected people who may be asymptomatic. Therefore, to reduce the transmission of this pathogen, several countries have taken many intervention measures. In this paper, we show that the impact of these measures in India is different from several other countries. It is shown that an early lockdown in late March 2020 changed the initial exponential growth curve of COVID-19 to a linear one, but a surge in the number of cases from late April 2020 brought India back to a quadratic trajectory. A regional analysis shows the disparate impact of the intervention in different states. It is further shown that the number of reported infections correlates with the number of tests, and therefore regions with limited diagnostics resources may not have a realistic estimate of the virus spread. This insufficiency of diagnostic test data is also reflected in an increasing positivity rate for India nearly 2.5 months after the lockdown, inconsistent with the trends observed for other geographical regions. Nonetheless, future projections are made using different epidemiological models based on the available data, and a comparative study is presented. In the absence of a reliable estimate of the true number of infections, these projections will have a limited accuracy: with that limitation, the most optimistic prediction suggests a continuing virus transmission through September 2020.
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Explore the Parameter Space of Organophosphorus Agrochemical Adsorption in MOFs.

The expansion of manufacturing and commercial agriculture alongside rapid globalization have resulted in the widespread contamination of freshwater supplies with chemical toxins including persisten...
DGA fuzzy logic diagnostic method based on subordinating function

Due to the differences in the diagnostic characteristics and criteria of various methods, the conclusions are often inconsistent when using these methods to diagnose faults. when transformer faults occur, it is often a combination of multiple fault types, and the correspondence between fault types and fault symptoms is fuzzy. In order to describe the fuzzy correspondence in the complex fault diagnosis, the fuzzy mathematical theory is further introduced on the basis of the information fusion diagnosis method, and a comprehensive diagnosis method based on the information fusion and fuzzy logic is proposed. Among them, semi-cauchy lifting function was used as the subordinating function to replace the original binary function for boundary fuzzification of the criterion coding boundary. Furthermore, the coding criteria are expressed as subordinating function to form the subordinating correlation matrix. For diagnosis logic reasoning, “intersection” and “union” in fuzzy logic reasoning are respectively used to replace “and” and “or logic in binary logic to form multi-value output of fuzzy decision. The diagnosis results represent the probability of occurrence of different fault types.
Modified Floquet Boundary Condition for Open Boundary Problems with N-Path Symmetry

Space-time modulated structures have attracted substantial attention in the meta-materials community in recent years. Most physical realizations of space-time modulated systems consist of discrete unit cells that can be independently modulated. While these physical structures are often analyzed as continuously modulated media, consideration of the spatial discretization yields a more accurate model. Additionally, a finite unit cell size enables phenomena which do not arise in the continuum limit. In this paper, a relation between the fields in each unit cell (pixel) of a free-space N-path system is derived. The relation is incorporated into a method of moments solver to compute the scattered field from a space-time modulated metasurface.
Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE): a systematic review describing the outcomes, adverse events, and knowledge gaps.

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE) has emerged as a viable completely endoscopic method for performing pancreaticobiliary interventions in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy. The aims of this systematic review were: (1) to describe the indications, outcomes, and complications of EDGE; and (2) to identify deficiencies in our knowledge of important technical approaches and clinical outcomes. Methods A systematic review was conducted via comprehensive searches of Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane to identify studies focusing on EDGE outcomes. Simple descriptive statistics were derived from case series only. Case reports were only included to qualitatively describe additional indications, techniques, and adverse events. Results The initial search identified 2143 abstracts. Nine case series and eight case reports were included. In the nine case series, 169 patients underwent EDGE. The technical success rate was 99 % (168 /169) for gastrogastrostomy/jejunogastrostomy creation and 98 % (166 /169) for subsequent ERCP. Minor adverse events specifically related to EDGE occurred in 18 % (31/169) and included intraprocedural stent migration/malposition (n = 27) and abdominal pain (n = 4). Moderate adverse events specific to EDGE occurred in 5 % (9/169): including bleeding (2 %), persistent fistula (1 %), and perforation (1 %). Severe adverse events occurred in one patient with a perforation requiring surgery. Deficiency in reporting on the clinical significance of adverse events was identified. Conclusion Based on limited observational data, in expert hands, EDGE has a high rate of technical success and an acceptable rate of adverse events. As a novel procedure, many knowledge gaps need to be addressed to inform the design of meaningful comparative studies and guide informed consent.
Chemical reactions involved in the deep fat frying of foods: V. Identification of nonacidic volatile decomposition products of hydrogenated cottonseed oil

The nonacidic volatile decomposition products (VDP) produced by a deodorized hydrogenated cottonseed oil maintained at 185C with periodic frying of moist cotton balls and with periodic addition of fresh fat to replenish the fat lost due to evaporation, decomposition, and adsorption by the cotton balls were collected, fractionated and characterized. A total, of 61 compounds were identified. They consisted of 17 hydrocarbons, eight alcohols, two esters, three lactones, 22 aldehydes, seven ketones, and two aromatic compounds.
#TeamTrees: Investigating How YouTubers Participate in a Social Media Campaign

YouTube is not only a platform for content creators to share videos but also a virtual venue for hosting community activities, such as social media campaigns (SMCs). SMCs for public awareness is a growing and reoccurring phenomenon on YouTube, during which content creators make videos to engage their audience and raise awareness of global challenges. However, how the unique celebrity culture on YouTube affects collective actions is an underexplored area. This work examines an SMC on YouTube, #TeamTrees, initiated by a YouTube celebrity and sought to raise people's awareness of tree-planting and climate change. The authors annotated and analyzed 992 #TeamTrees videos to explore how YouTube celebrities, professionals, and amateurs in different channel topics diagnose problems, present solutions, and motivate actions. This study also looks into whether platform identities and framing activities affect campaign reach and engagement. Results suggest that #TeamTrees reached creators who are generally not active in social issues. The participating YouTubers were likely to motivate the viewers to donate and join celebrities' and community's actions, but less involved in examining the environmental problems. Celebrities' videos dominated the campaign's influence. Amateurs' videos had a higher engagement level, although they need more support to frame campaign activities. Based on these findings, we discuss design implications for video-sharing platforms to support future SMCs.
The Recent Wave of Arbitrations Against Argentina Under Bilateral Investment Treaties: Background and Principal Legal Issues

One of the consequences on an international level of the measures adopted by the Government of Argentina in connection with the economic crisis suffered by that country in late 2001 and early 2002 has been a welter of international arbitral claims filed by foreign investors pursuant to the dispute resolution clauses of Bilateral Investment Treaties ("BITs") to which Argentina is a party. There are currently over 2000 BITs in force worldwide.1 These are relatively new instruments in international law, as the vast majority of them were concluded as recently as the 1990s.2 These treaties establish various substantive and procedural protections for foreign investors, such as bars against expropriation without adequate compensation and guarantees of fair and equitable treatment and non-discrimination.
Breast cancer histology in Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and pacific islanders

Abstract Study objectives. To investigate the association between race/ethnicity and histologic types of breast cancer. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Population‐based data from the Northern California Tumor Registry, which is part of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Participants. A total of 2759 breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1988. Main results. Tumors were classified as ductal, lobular, and mixed/unspecified carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma was the most common (83.6%) and lobular carcinoma was the rarest. Most cases were diagnosed in the localized stage (56.3%). Caucasian women had the highest rates of total breast cancer (240.9/100 000), ductal and lobular. In African‐American women, the odds of ductal carcinoma were twice that of lobular carcinoma, compared with Caucasian women (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–3.9) after adjusting for age, site, and stage at diagnosis. Similarly, Asian and Hispanic women also had higher, ...
Self-stabilizing structure forming algorithms for distributed multi-robot systems

Object transportation is an important emerging application of multirobotic swarm systems. It requires a large number of robots to be dynamically coordinated in real-time to form structures around any given rigid body that is to be lifted and transported. This paper systematically investigates the major issues that need to be addressed in methods of dynamically forming robust transportation structures. Two self-stabilizing algorithms are developed to enable a swarm of robots to form a structure to handle object transportation. Even with only a limited localized view of the environment, the algorithm enables individual robots to cooperatively form a safe structure. The stability and fault-tolerance properties of the algorithms are formally proven. The performance of the self-stabilizing algorithms, in terms of their efficiency of convergence, is evaluated via experimental studies and the results show that the system can achieve the goals in real-time.
Integrated identification and accommodation of sensor faults in networked distributed processes with communication delays

This paper considers the problem of sensor faulttolerant control of a class of spatially distributed systems subject to discrete and delayed sensor-controller communication. An integrated approach that combines data-based fault identification and stability-based fault accommodation is developed on the basis of a suitable reduced-order model of the infinitedimensional system. A moving-horizon parameter estimation scheme is developed to estimate on-line the size and location of the faults using the sampled output and input data. Once the location and magnitude of the fault are identified and communicated to the controller, fault accommodation takes place by means of adjusting the controller and estimator design parameters, and/or adjusting the control actuator locations. The selection of the appropriate strategy is made based on the estimated fault size and the characterization of the networked closed-loop stability region. The results are illustrated using a simulated diffusion-reaction process example.
Divergent effects of oxidatively induced modification to the C8 of 2′-deoxyadenosine on transcription factor binding: 8,5′(S)-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine inhibits the binding of multiple sequence specific transcription factors, while 8-oxo-2′-deoxyadenosine increases binding of CREB and NF-kappa B to DNA†

DNA is exposed to endogenous and environmental factors that can form stable lesions. If not repaired, these lesions can lead to transcription/replication blocking or mutagenic bypass. Our previous work has focused on 8,5′-cyclopurine 2′-deoxyribonucleosides, a unique class of oxidatively induced DNA lesions that are specifically repaired by the NER pathway (see Brooks PJ [2008]: DNA Repair 7:1168–1179). Here we used EMSA to monitor the ability of sequence-specific transcription factors, HSF1, CREB, and NF-kappaB and “architectural” transcription factor, HMGA, to bind to their target sequences when 8, 5′(S)-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine (cyclo-dAdo) is present within their recognition sequences. For comparison, we also tested the effect of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyadenosine (8-oxo-dAdo) in the same recognition sequences. The presence of a cyclo-dAdo lesion in the target sequence essentially eliminated the binding activity of HSF1, CREB, and NF-kappa B whereas HMGA retained some of its binding activity. In contrast, 8-oxo-dAdo had no obvious effect on the binding activity of HSF1 and HMGA in comparison to lesion-free DNA. Notably, though, CREB and NFκB binding increased when an 8-oxo-dAdo lesion was present in their target sequence. Competition EMSA showed about 2–3-fold increased affinity of both proteins for the 8-oxo-dAdo containing target sequence compared to lesion-free DNA. Molecular modeling of the lesions in the NF-kappaB sequence indicated that 8-oxo-dAdo may form an additional hydrogen bond with the protein, thereby strengthening the binding of NF-kappa B to its DNA target. The cyclo-dAdo lesion, in contrast, distorted the DNA structure, providing an explanation for the inhibition of NF-kappaB binding. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 19491: Left Atrial Blood Flow Velocity Distribution in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Association with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Interstitial Fibrosis

Introduction: New MRI techniques (T1-mapping, 4D flow) provide quantitative assessment of myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) as a measure of fibrosis as well as the in-vivo assessment of 3-directional blood flow within the entire heart. Hypothesis: To investigate if alterations in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are associated with increases in LV ECV and alterations in left atrial (LA) blood flow dynamics. Methods: 4D flow and T1-mapping were performed in 22 HCM patients (mean 53±14 years) and 15 age matched controls (mean 56±5 years). For all 4D flow data, the LA was 3D segmented and LA mean blood velocity was quantified. T1 values were acquired pre and post contrast and ECV was averaged to estimate whole heart ECV. Diastolic function was assessed by echo-Doppler in 16 of the 22 HCM patients prior to MRI. Results: All HCM patients were in sinus rhythm without history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF); 6 patients had LV outflow tract obstruction. LA mean velocities in HCM patients (0.27±0.07 m/s) were significantly increased compared to controls (0.21±0.03 m/s, p=0.009) and more heterogeneously distributed (Figure A), but were not significantly different in patients with and without obstruction and with or without mild mitral regurgitation (MR) and moderate or severe MR. There were significant correlations between LA velocities and ECV (r=0.48; p=0.02) (Figure B), ECV and LA volume index (LAVI) (r=0.7; p<0.001), ECV and E/e’(r=0.5; p=0.04), LA velocities and LAVI (r=0.55; p=0.02) and LA velocities and E/e’(r=0.67; p=0.04). Conclusion: HCM patients showed a significant difference in 3D LA flow compared to controls. The increased mean velocity may be an index of increased interstitial tissue and diastolic dysfunction. These novel functional measures may be useful in assessing severity of HCM and risk stratification, particularly the risk of future AF, and warrant further longitudinal investigation. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Data in support of UbSRD: The Ubiquitin Structural Relational Database

This article provides information to support the database article titled "UbSRD: The Ubiquitin Structural Relational Database" (Harrison et al., 2015) [1] . The ubiquitin-like homology fold (UBL) represents a large family that encompasses both post-translational modifications, like ubiquitin (UBQ) and SUMO, and functional domains on many biologically important proteins like Parkin, UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like with PDB and RING finger domains-1), and Usp7 (ubiquitin-specific protease-7) (Zhang et al., 2015; Rothbart et al., 2013; Burroughs et al., 2012; Wauer et al., 2015) [2], [3], [4], [5]. The UBL domain can participate in several unique protein-protein interactions (PPI) since protein adducts can be attached to and removed from amino groups of lysine side chains and the N-terminus of proteins. Given the biological significance of UBL domains, many have been characterized with high-resolution techniques, and for UBQ and SUMO, many protein complexes have been characterized. We identified all the UBL domains in the PDB and created a relational database called UbSRD (Ubiquitin Structural Relational Database) by using structural analysis tools in the Rosetta (Leaver et al., 2013; O'Meara et al., 2015; Leaver-fay et al., 2011) [1], [6], [7], [8]. Querying UbSRD permitted us to report many quantitative properties of UBQ and SUMO recognition at different types interfaces (noncovalent: NC, conjugated: CJ, and deubiquitanse: DB). In this data article, we report the average number of non-UBL neighbors, secondary structure of interacting motifs, and the type of inter-molecular hydrogen bonds for each residue of UBQ and SUMO. Additionally, we used PROMALS3D to generate a multiple sequence alignment used to construct a phylogram for the entire set of UBLs (Pei and Grishin, 2014) [9]. The data described here will be generally useful to scientists studying the molecular basis for recognition of UBQ or SUMO.
Prolongational Structure and Schematic form in Tristan's “Alte Weise”

The “alte Weise” melody for solo cor anglais from the beginning of Act III of Tristan und Isolde is submitted to a double analysis. First, it is treated by the techniques of Jackendoff's and my A Generative Theory of Tonal Music, yielding a prolongational structure that resembles a Schenkerian analysis even though it is based on contrasting principles. In the course of this analysis connections are made to other passages in Tristan. Second, the melody is treated according to schematic phrasal norms, yielding surface and underlying phrasal forms. Nattiez's paradigmatic approach is then adapted to demonstrate the underlying phrasal-prolongational coherence of the melody as a whole.
The Frequency of Epileptiform Discharges in Celiac Disease.

Abstract Background We studied patients with celiac disease to define the frequency of epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography. Methods A total of 307 children with a diagnosis of celiac disease (study group) and 197 age- and sex-matched healthy children as controls (control group) were included in this study. The study group was further divided into newly diagnosed celiac disease patients (n = 216) and patients who were on a gluten-free diet (n = 91) for at least 6 months. Medical histories of all children including age, sex, symptoms, weight, height, physical examination findings, and laboratory data were recorded. All patients underwent an electroencephalograph in a pediatric neurology electroencephalograph laboratory with a 32-channel electroencephalograph for 30 minutes. Results Twenty-five patients were defined to have epileptiform discharges (spike/sharp-wave discharges); 24 (7.8%) of those patients were in the celiac disease group and 1 (0.5%) was in the control group ( P = 0.001). Among those 24 patients, 21 (9.7%) were in newly diagnosed celiac disease group and 3 (3.3%) were in the gluten-free diet group ( P = 0.03). Conclusions Patients diagnosed with celiac disease are prone to epileptiform activities on electroencephalography and should be evaluated carefully. Moreover, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet early should be advised in those patients with epileptiform activities because it may effectively decrease the occurrence of epileptiform activities.
Enhanced Antiviral and Opsonic Activity of a Human Mannose-Binding Lectin and Surfactant Protein D Chimera

The carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of human serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) have distinctive monosaccharide-binding properties, and their N-terminal and collagen domains have very different quaternary structures. We produced a chimeric protein containing the N terminus and collagen domain of human SP-D and the neck region and CRD of human MBL (SP-D/MBLneck+CRD) to create a novel human collectin. The chimera bound to influenza A virus (IAV), inhibited IAV hemagglutination activity and infectivity, and induced aggregation of viral particles to a much greater extent than MBL. Furthermore, SP-D/MBLneck+CRD caused much greater increases in neutrophil uptake of, and respiratory burst responses to, IAV than MBL. These results indicate that pathogen interactions mediated by the MBL CRD are strongly influenced by the N-terminal and collagen-domain backbone to which it is attached. The presence of the CRD of MBL in the chimera resulted in altered monosaccharide binding properties compared with SP-D. As a result, the chimera caused greater aggregation and neutralization of IAV than SP-D. Distinctive functional properties of collectin collagenous domains and CRDs can be exploited to generate novel human collectins with potential for therapy of influenza.
Visual Experiences of the Astronauts and Cosmonauts

The major visual experiences of the astronauts and cosmonauts are described and compared with predictions of man's visual capabilities made prior to actual space flight. These experiences are discussed in terms of their implications about requirements for man's visual capabilities in future space flights. It is noted that most of the data to date are of an anecdotal nature, and that more careful experimentation must be conducted to assess fully man's capabilities and limitations. Some requirements for further study are described.
Array processors using a quadratic residue number system

Algorithms and architectures are described for optical matrix–matrix and matrix–vector processing. Implementations are based on quadratic residue number system coding which has the remarkable property that computations in the real and imaginary channels are performed in parallel without any interactions. This approach significantly reduces the complexity of implementation. Residue-based processing provides increased dynamic range and a reduced number of computations with high speed and parallelism of the optics fully utilized. Several architectures of optical processors described in this paper include systolic and data flow arrays.
Hydrogen-Maser Measurements of Atomic Magnetic Moments

The use of a hydrogen maser oscillating on a magnetic-field-dependent transition for the measurement of atomic magnetic-moment ratios is discussed. Unlike the well-known field-independent transition of the hydrogen maser, the field-dependent ones operate on a population difference that is directly dependent on the electron-spin polarization of the hydrogen atoms. It is possible, therefore, to introduce other atoms into the storage volume of the maser, and observe transitions in their hyperfine Zeeman spectra by spin-exchange coupling to the hydrogen-maser oscillation level. The hydrogen maser was operated under conditions of self-excited oscillation at 7.6 G on a magnetic-field-dependent transition. By spin exchange, the atomic magnetic moment of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ was measured relative to the magnetic moment of hydrogen. The value of this ratio was found to be 1.000 023 590 (110). The largest part of the uncertainty is a systematic effect attributed to an "inhomogeneity shift" and is an order of magnitude larger than statistical error.
The reversed eyewitness suggestibility effect

The standard temporal order of events used in studies of eyewitness suggestibility was reversed: Misled subjects were given verbal suggestions about a visual scene before witnessing it. As in the standard procedure, the subjects were later tested on memory of the visual scene. A suggestibility effect was obtained with this reversed procedure, even though the verbal information could not “update” the target memory because no memory of the visual scene existed when the misleading suggestions were given.
Exploring the Relevance of Attachment Theory as a Dependent Variable in the Treatment of Women Mandated into Treatment for Domestic Violence Offenses

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to: (a) investigate the pre-treatment levels of interpersonal dependency and violence among women entering a 16-week, court-mandated, batterer intervention program (BIP) and determine if there were any associations between interpersonal dependency and violence; (b) investigate differences in demographic variables and psychological variables between treatment completers and drop-outs; and (c) evaluate the treatment effect of a standard BIP in altering levels of interpersonal dependency among treatment completers. Method: The study employed a secondary analysis of 75 women, 39 treatment completers and 36 drop-outs. Results: Analysis indicated that women who assault their intimate partners and are court-ordered into treatment are excessively dependent on their partners prior to beginning treatment, that level of interpersonal dependency is directly related to a multidimensional conceptualization of domestic violence (i.e., psychological aggression, physical as...
The seasonal distribution of anionic binding sites in the basement membrane of the kidney glomerulus of the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus.

The blood of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, contains small (3000–8000 daltons) anionic peptides (pI < 5) with antifreeze properties. They are present only in the winter and are retained in the circulatory system even though inulin and polyethylene glycol, of comparable molecular size, are filtered by the glomerular kidney. Electron micrographs of flounder-kidney glomeruli revealed that their structure is similar to that of mammals and that cationized ferritin binds at regular 60 nm intervals in the lamina rara interna of the basement membrane as it does in mammals. The binding of cationized ferritin, in conjunction with the previous observation that cationized antifreeze peptides exhibit a marked increase in renal clearance, suggests that an anionic repulsion barrier within the glomerular basement membrane of the winter flounder is responsible for the conservation of the anionic antifreeze peptide molecules found in their blood during the winter. This barrier also appears to be present in summer specimens of the flounder which lack the antifreeze peptide.
Evidence for Nonlinear Growth of Structure from an X-Ray-Selected Cluster Survey using a Novel Joint Analysis of the Chandra and XMM-Newton Archives

We present a large X-ray-selected serendipitous cluster survey based on a novel joint analysis of archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data. The survey provides enough depth to reach clusters of flux of ≈10–14ergcm–2s–1 near z≈ 1 and simultaneously a large-enough sample to find evidence for the strong evolution of clusters expected from structure formation theory. We detected a total of 723 clusters of which 462 are newly discovered clusters with greater than 6σ significance. In addition, we also detect and measure 261 previously known clusters and groups that can be used to calibrate the survey. The survey exploits a technique that combines the exquisite Chandra imaging quality with the high throughput of the XMM-Newton telescopes using overlapping survey regions. A large fraction of the contamination from active galactic nucleus point sources is mitigated by using this technique. This results in a higher sensitivity for finding clusters of galaxies with relatively few photons and a large part of our survey has a flux sensitivity between 10–14 and 10–15ergcm–2s–1. The survey covers 41.2 deg2 of overlapping Chandra and XMM-Newton fields and 122.2 deg2 of non-overlapping Chandra data. We measure the log N-log S distribution and fit it with a redshift-dependent model characterized by a luminosity distribution proportional to . We find z 0 to be in the range 0.7-1.3, indicative of rapid cluster evolution, as expected for cosmic structure formation using parameters appropriate to the concordance cosmological model. Confirmation of our cluster detection efficiency through optical follow-up studies currently in progress will help to strengthen this conclusion and eventually allow to use these data to derive tight constraints on cosmological parameters.
Protective Webs: Exploring a Role for School Social Workers on Behalf of Delinquent Youths

Annually, 100,000 delinquent youths return to their communities from a detention facility and are required to attend a community school. School social workers may be best positioned to provide assistance with this transition; however, little is understood about how they are presently servicing this population. This study explores the interactions of school social workers and the advocacy and assistance they provide on behalf of juvenile justice youths. The author surveyed a national sample of current school social workers (n = 4,279) and reports on their involvement with juvenile justice, their work on behalf of the youths' families as well as their interagency collaborations.
Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of Cd2-GAL4 from S. cerevisiae.

THE GAL4 protein activates transcription of the genes required for galactose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae1. The protein, consisting of 881 amino acids, is dimeric when bound to one of the approximately twofold symmetrical DNA sites present in the galactose upstream activating sequence (UASG)2–5. Here we use two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy to determine the structure of an amino-terminal fragment of GAL4 (residues 1-65). This fragment, a monomer in solution, binds as a dimer specifically to UASG-containing DNA. Residues 9-40 form a well defined, compact globular cluster, whereas residues 1-8 and 41-66 show considerable conformational mobility in the absence of DNA. The compact domain contains a motif in which six cysteines, located on two symmetrically related helix/extended strand units connected by a long loop, coordinate two central zinc ions, forming a bimetal-thiolate cluster6–11. The zincs were replaced by NMR-active113Cd in most of our work and structural parameters are therefore derived from the Cd2-protein. The structure obtained for the GAL4 DNA-binding domain represents a novel DNA-binding motif. Essentially the same conformation is observed for the compact domain in solution using NMR techniques as was seen for the central core of the N-terminal fragment bound to DNA using crystallographic techniques12. Thus, the core of the DNA-binding domain changes little upon binding DNA.
Risk of bleeding associated with interventional musculoskeletal radiology procedures. A comprehensive review of the literature

This review compiles the current literature on the bleeding risks in common musculoskeletal interventional procedures and attempts to provide guidance for practicing radiologists in making decisions regarding the periprocedural management of patients on antithrombotic therapy. The practitioner must weigh the risk of bleeding if therapy is continued against the possibility a thromboembolic occurring if anticoagulation therapy is withheld or reversed. Unfortunately, there is little empirical data to guide evidence-based decisions for many musculoskeletal interventions. However, a review of the literature shows that for low-risk procedures, such as arthrograms/arthrocenteses or muscle/tendon sheath injections, bleeding risks are sufficiently small that anticoagulants and antiplatelet therapies need not be withheld. Additionally, relatively higher-risk procedures, such as needle biopsies of bone and soft tissue, may be safely performed without holding antithrombotic therapy, provided pre-procedural INR is within therapeutic range. Thus, while a patient's particular clinical circumstances should dictate optimal individualized management, anticoagulation alone is not a general contraindication to most interventional musculoskeletal radiology procedures.
Giant ascospores and abnormal croziers in a mutant of Neurospora crassa

In crosses heterozygous for a dominant mutant, Banana ( Ban ), nearly all asci delimit a single large banana-shaped ascospore instead of eight normal spores. Ascus development and its nuclear divisions are normal until after the third division. In the Ban + / Ban ascus, the eight nuclei do not become realigned in single file but remain across the axis, and a single large ascospore wall is delimited enclosing them all. During wall formation, the spindle pole bodies greatly decrease in size. The nuclei then divide once, or rarely twice, so that the Banana ascospores contain 16 or 32 nuclei. After the first 40 to 60 asci per perithecium are formed, the croziers stop making new asci. Instead, the nuclei in most ascogenous cells divide several times mitotically and synchronously; all nuclei in an affected crozier are found at the same stage of mitosis. Some ascogenous cells, however, make very large nuclei, sometimes with more than one nucleolus. The multinucleate and giant-nucleate cells eventually degenerate, and new asci subsequently develop and make Banana ascospores. It has been shown, with the aid of mei-3 which blocks meiosis, that the supernumerary mitoses in the croziers do not depend on the delimitation of Banana ascopores. Ban is linked to mating type and is probably left of leu-3. Ban strains have abnormal vegetative morphology and are female sterile.
Trends in Wind Speed at Wind Turbine Height of 80 m over the Contiguous United States Using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)

AbstractThe trends in wind speed at a typical wind turbine hub height (80 m) are analyzed using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset for 1979–2009. A method, assuming the wind profile in the lower boundary layer as power-law functions of altitude, is developed to invert the power exponent (in the power-law equation) from the NARR data and to compute the following variables at 80 m that are needed for the estimation and interpretation of the trend in wind speed: air density, zonal wind u, meridional wind υ, and wind speed. Statistically significant and positive annual trends are found to be predominant over the contiguous United States, with spring and winter being the two largest contributing seasons. Positive trends in surface wind speed are generally smaller than those at 80 m, with less spatial coverage, reflecting stronger increases in wind speed at altitudes above the 80-m level. Large and positive trends in winds over the southeastern region and high-mountain region are primarily du...
Morphology of the fibrinogen exudate during evolution of a mycobacterial-induced murine eye granuloma.

The intent of this study was to visualize changes in the density and location of fibrinogen-related antigen (FRA) depositions within the murine vitreous space during the formation of a chronic mycobacterial-induced uveitis (CMIU) granuloma. Concurrent changes in cellular morphology of the granuloma were also examined. Fibrinogen derivatives within the exudates of granulomatous cell-mediated inflammations may induce physical induration and numerous other phlogistic effects. However, technical limitations of conventional FRA staining methods have tended to underestimate the extent of their presence within this category of inflammatory lesions.Conventional H and E sections of the CMIU granuloma confirmed the classic progression-early PMN influx, monocyte maturation and final macrophage and epitheloid cell dominance-described for such lesions. Avidin-biotin-complex staining utilizing a polyclonal mouse antifibrinogen then revealed a progressive increase in amorphous extracellular fibrinogen-FRA-positive stain...
Effect of maternal fatness on fetal steroids and semi-quantitative real-time PCR expression of receptor genes in sheep ☆

Sexual differentiation of the brain occurs between d 30 and 70 in the fetal lamb. The objective of this experiment was to determine if maternal fatness affects fetal steroid production and expression of their receptors which may ultimately alter endocrine systems postnatally. Fetuses were collected from ewes fed at either 100% (Control; n = 5) or 150% (Fat; n = 6) of NRC recommendations from 60 d prior to breeding until collection at 75 d of gestation. Hypothalamic and amygdala neural tissues were collected from twin male/female fetuses. Serum concentrations of testosterone were greater (P < 0.001) in male fetuses compared to female fetuses. Further, male fetuses from Fat ewes had greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of testosterone than male fetuses from Control ewes, but differences in testicular steroidogenic enzyme mRNA were not detected (P = 0.18). Quantity of hypothalamic mRNA for estrogen receptor (ER) β tended (P = 0.1) to be influenced by a sex by treatment interaction. Messenger RNA for ER-β was greater in female fetuses than male fetuses from Control ewes (P = 0.05). Although amount of ER-β mRNA did not differ among male fetuses (P = 0.7), amounts tended to be less (P = 0.07) in female fetuses from Fat ewes compared to those from Control ewes, and did not differ (P ≥ 0.8) from male fetuses. Hypothalamic ER-α mRNA tended (P = 0.1) to be less in fetuses from Fat ewes compared to Control fetuses but was not influenced (P = 0.3) by fetal sex or their interaction. Amount of mRNA for hypothalamic progesterone receptor tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in male fetuses than female fetuses and tended to be less (P = 0.06) in fetuses from Fat ewes than in Control fetuses, but did not differ by any sex by treatment interaction (P = 0.6). Hypothalamic RNA for the androgen receptor did not differ by sex, dam nutritional treatment, or the interaction. Likewise, amygdala RNA for the estrogen or androgen receptor did not differ (P ≥ 0.3) by sex, treatment, or their interaction. Dam fatness appears to decrease the expression of progesterone receptor, ER-α, and decrease amount of ER-β in the female fetuses while increasing circulating concentrations of testosterone in male fetuses. Altered expression of hypothalamic receptor genes by the uterine environment may affect adult responses to stress, sexual behavior and/or the pattern of gonadotropin release in response to gonadal steroids.
Applicability of Jus in Bello in Cyber Space: Dilemmas and Challenges

Computer network attack as a method of warfare has been casting confusing mist upon the application of jus in bello in recent years. Observing that many states are implementing more and more aggressive cyber strategy, an examination of applicable law regulating cyber warfare becomes crucially important. This paper attempts to review the traditional norms of jus in bello and explore their defects in the context of cyber space. Accordingly, in the fist part the author provides the brief introduction of conventional jus in bello and its application in kinetic warfare. Further, the second part explains some special natures of the use of cyber tools in warfare and the third part analyzes the problems of applying the traditional jus in bello in cyber space. Last but not least, the final part gives some conclusive remarks and points out the solutions would be to initiate more international co-operation.
An avian tumor virus promoter directs expression of plasmid genes in Escherichia coli.

Abstract A sequence in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of avian tumor virus (ATV) DNA was shown to contain a promoter active in Escherichia coli . For this analysis the bacterial promoters for the tetracycline (Tc) and neomycin (Nm) resistance genes were deleted from different plasmids and replaced with various fragments derived from the ATV DNA. Expression of the drug-resistant phenotype in the recombinant plasmids at levels comparable to or greater than those found with parental bacterial promoters was shown to be dependent on the presence of an intact sequence ranging from nucleotide +19 to −23 (relative to the cap site) in the ATV DNA. Comparison of the consensus bacterial promoter with the nucleotide sequence in this region revealed strong similarities.
Beryllium-10 in Australasian tektites: Constraints on the location of the source crater

Abstract By using accelerator mass spectrometry we have measured the 10Be concentrations of 86 Australasian tektites. Corrected to the time of tektite production ∼0.8 My ago, the 10Be concentrations (106 atom/g) range from 59 for a layered tektite from Huai Sai, Thailand, to 280 for an australite from New South Wales, Australia. The average value is 143 ± 50. When tektites are sorted by country, their average measured 10Be concentrations increase slowly with increasing distance from Southeast Asia, the probable location of the tektite producing event, from 59 ± 9 for 6 layered tektites from Laos to 136 ± 20 for 20 splash-form tektites from Australia. The lowest 10Be concentrations for tektites fall on or within a contour centered off the shore of Vietnam, south of the Gulf of Tonkin (107°E; 17°N), but also encompassing two other locations in the area of northeastern Thailand previously proposed for the site of a single tektite-producing impact. The 10Be concentrations of layered tektites show only a weak anticorrelation (R ∼ −0.3) with the numbers of relict crystalline inclusions. Loosely consolidated, fine-grained terrestrial sediments or recently consolidated sedimentary rocks are the most likely precursor materials. Dilution of sediments with other kinds of rock raises problems in mixing and is not supported by petrographic data. Sedimentary columns that have the right range of 10Be concentrations occur off the coasts of places where sedimentation rates are high relative to those in the deep sea. A single impact into such a region, 15 to 300 m thick, could have propelled near-surface, high-10Be material farthest—to Australia—while keeping the deeper-lying, low-10Be layers closer to home. We do not rule out, however, other proposed mechanisms for tektite formation.
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of the metal-induced Si(111)3 × 1 reconstruction: evidence for dimerized chain formation

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of the Si(111)3 × 1-Ag interface exhibit a strong bias dependence. A clear dimerization of the Si surface atoms is evident from the 1 V empty state images. The imaged electronic states exhibit either a 3 × 1 or a 6 × 1 periodicity. These results are interpreted on the basis of the recently proposed dimerized chain or conjugated chain model. It is demonstrated that the dimer orientation in every second dimer row of the 3 × 1 reconstruction can be changed using a STM tip, thereby producing a 6 × 1 symmetry. This phenomenon could be similar to the well-known soliton excitations in doped conjugated polymers.