cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pink1, Parkin, DJ-1 and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Mutations in PARKIN, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and DJ-1 are found in autosomal recessive forms and some sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease. Recent work on these genes underscores the central importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. In particular, pink1 and parkin loss-of-function mutants in Drosophila show similar phenotypes, and pink1 acts upstream of parkin in a common genetic pathway to regulate mitochondrial function. DJ-1 has a role in oxidative stress protection, but a direct role of DJ-1 in mitochondrial function has not been fully established. Importantly, defects in mitochondrial function have also been identified in patients who carry both PINK1 and PARKIN mutations, and in those who have sporadic Parkinson's disease. Future studies of the biochemical interactions between Pink1 and Parkin, and identification of other components in this pathway, are likely to provide insight into Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, and might identify new therapeutic targets.
Spontaneous-Raman-Scattering Efficiency and Stimulated Scattering in Silicon

The absolute spontaneous-Raman-scattering efficiency and linewidth of the 521-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ optical mode of silicon have been measured at 77 K using a continuous laser (Nd in yttrium aluminum garnet) operating at 1.064 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The measured scattering efficiency (5.1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$/cm sr for unpolarized forward scattering along the crystal [111] direction) and narrow linewidth yield a calculated value of the stimulated Raman gain coefficient which is considerably larger than those reported for other media, both solid and liquid. Stimulated Raman scattering in Si at 77 K has also been observed using a focused multimode $Q$-switched YAG: Nd laser. Inaccuracy in the measured stimulated gain resulted mainly from the uncertainty in the effective focal volume inside the silicon. Multiphoton absorption at the incident laser frequency has been considered and found to modify the measured stimulated gain by a significant amount. The estimated gain from the stimulated Raman effect was found to be in satisfactory agreement with that calculated from the absolute spontaneous-Raman-scattering efficiency.
Medical students’ online learning technology needs

Summary Purpose This study investigated medical students' online learning technology needs at a medical school. The study aimed to provide evidence-based guidance for technology selection and online learning design in medical education. Methods The authors developed a 120-item survey in collaboration with the New Technology in Medical Education (NTIME) committee at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIUSOM). Overall, 123 of 290 medical students (42%) at the medical school participated in the survey. The survey focused on five major areas: students' hardware and software use; perception of educational technology (ET) in general; online behaviours; perception of ET use at the school; and demographic information. Results Students perceived multimedia tools, scheduling tools, communication tools, collaborative authoring tools, learning management systems and electronic health records useful educational technologies for their learning. They did not consider social networking tools useful for their learning, despite their frequent use. Third-year students were less satisfied with current technology integration in the curriculum, information sharing and collaborative learning than other years. Students in clerkships perceived mobile devices as useful for their learning. Students using a mobile device (i.e. a smartphone) go online, text message, visit social networking sites and are online during classes more frequently than non-users. Conclusions Medical students' ET needs differ between preclinical and clinical years. Technology supporting ubiquitous mobile learning and health information technology (HIT) systems at hospitals and out-patient clinics can be integrated into clerkship curricula.
An accurate local model for triple substitutions in fourth order Møller–Plesset theory and in perturbative corrections to singles and doubles coupled cluster methods

Abstract Two noniterative local models for evaluating the contribution of triple substitutions to the electron correlation energy (as needed in MP4 and CCSD(T)), are developed. The occupied space is spanned by a minimal basis, and the virtual space by an extended basis of atom-centered functions. The triple substitutions are truncated by an atomic criterion such that either zero or one electrons can be transferred between atoms. The covalent model asymptotically recovers 70% of the triples correlation energy for poly-ynes with a 6-31G* basis, while the singly-ionic model recovers 99%.
Lipid Composition of Hepatic and Adipose Tissues From Normal Cats and From Cats With Idiopathic Hepatic Lipidosis

The purpose of this study was to characterize the lipid classes in hepatic and adipose tissues from cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis (IHL). Concentrations of triglyceride, phospholipid phosphorus, and free and total cholesterol were determined in lipid extracts of liver homogenates from 5 cats with IHL and 5 healthy control cats. Total fatty acid composition of liver and adipose tissue was also compared. Triglyceride accounted for 34% of liver by weight in cats with IHL (338 +/- 38 mg/g wet liver) versus 1% in control cats (9.9 +/- 1.0 mg/g wet liver, P < .001). The mass of cholesterol ester was significantly higher in triglyceride-free (TG-free) liver from cats with IHL (741 +/- 340 micrograms/g TG-free wet liver) compared to healthy cats (31 +/- 11 micrograms/g TG-free wet liver, P < .05). Total fatty acid composition of hepatic tissue in the 2 groups differed; palmitate was higher (19.5 +/- 1.1% of total fatty acids in cats with IHL versus 9.2 +/- 2.7% in controls, P < .05), stearate was lower (8.5 +/- 0.8% versus 16.8 +/- 1.1%, P < .05), oleate was higher (41.2 +/- 1.6% versus 31.1 +/- 1.8%, P < .05), and arachidonate was lower (1.2 +/- 0.2% versus 6.0 +/- 0.9%, P < .05). The total fatty acid composition of adipose tissue also differed between the 2 groups; palmitate was higher (26.2 +/- 1.2% in cats with IHL versus 21.3 +/- 0.6% in controls, P < .05), total monounsaturated fatty acids were higher (48.4 +/- 1.0% versus 45.0 +/- 0.8%, P < .05), linolenate was lower (13.3 +/- 1.6% versus 17.5 +/- 0.9%, P < .05), total (n-6) fatty acids were lower (13.8 +/- 1.38% versus 18.4 +/- 0.83%, P < .05), linolenate was lower (0.2 +/- 0.04% versus 0.7 +/- 0.06%, P < .06), and total (n-3) fatty acids were lower (0.3 +/- 0.02% versus 1.3 +/- 0.32%, P < .05). The fatty acid composition of both liver and adipose tissue was similar for stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate in cats with IHL. These results support the hypothesis that the origin of hepatic triglyceride in cats with IHL is the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue.
Formation of an active phosphoenzyme by diphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglyceromutases from muscle, kidney and yeast

Abstract 1. 1. The reactions of d 2,3-diphosphoglycerate with phosphoglyceromutases (2,3-diphosho- d -glycerate:2-phospho- d -glycerate phosphotransferase. EC 2.7.5.3) from rabbit muscle, yeast and pig kidney have been examined by observing spectrophotometrically the formation of monophosphoglycerate in the presence of excess enolase (EC 4.2.1.11), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). Monophosphoglycerate was produced in an initial burst and thereafter in a steady rate until hydrolysis of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was complete. The initial burst was interpreted as the formation of a phosphoenzyme (2 moles phosphate per mole enzyme in rabbit muscle and pig kidney; >3 moles phosphate per mole yeast enzyme) and successive additions of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate indicated that the phosphoenzymes were unstable with half-lives of the order of 5, 8 and 1–2 min for rabbit muscle, pig kidney and yeast, respectively. The 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.3) activity could be attributed to the instability of the phosphoenzymes. The K m values for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate were low ( ⪕ 1 μ M ). 2. 2. The reactions of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate with the enzymes from rabbit muscle and pig kidney were also examined spectrophotometrically in the presence of rate-limiting quantities of enolase. The initial velocities indicated that little, if any, monophosphoglycerate associated with the phosphoenzymes to form enzyme-2,3-diphosphoglycerate complexes at monophosphoglycerate concentrations of about 11μM. With rapid dialysis the dephosphoenzymes were shown not to bind monophosphoglycerate under these conditions. 3. 3. The rabbit muscle, pig kidney and yeast enzymes are shown to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics down to 3-phosphoglycerate concentrations of the order of 1 μM. In view of the evidence that little, if any, of the enzyme-2,3-diphosphoglycerate species is present in solution under these conditions, and since there is no activation in the enolase coupled mutase assay as d -2-phosphoglycerate accumulates, it is concluded that the phosphoenzymes must themselves be catalytically active. The possibility that enzyme-2,3-diphocphoglycerate complexes if they exist, may also be catalytically active is not excluded. 4. 4. After incubation with 14C- and 32P-labelled d -2,3-diphosphoglycerate and gel filtration the enzymes were obtained labelled with 32P but not with 14C. 2 moles phosphate per mole enzyme were bound by rabbit and pig kidney. The 32P bound to the enzymes exchanged with the substrate and was liberated as Pi with HClO4. After denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulphate, the phosphoproteins from yeast and pig kidney were stable to alkali by hydrolysed by acid suggesting the involvement of phosphohistidine. 5. 5. The evidence presented for the formation of active phosphoenzymes supports the hypothesis that d -2,3-diphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglyceromutases are closely related to d 2,3-diphosphoglycerate diphosphatases.
Utilization of Papaver

The well-known opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) furnishes opiates, ornamentals, poppy seed, poppy seed oil, poppycake, poppy flour, poppy straw and potherbs. Poppies also furnish analgesics, anodynes, ant food, antibiotics, anti-malarials, aphrodisiacs, baby rattles, bird food, copper indicators, cough remedies, demulcents, diaphoretics, diarrhea cures, febrifuges, fuel, fumitories, goiter treatments, hemostatics, hypnotics, imbedding media, indicators of the geographic origin of opium, molybdenum indicators, polyploidy inducers, salad vegetables, sedatives, sudorifics, tranquilizers and vesicants.
Haplotype analysis of the apolipoprotein gene cluster on human chromosome 11

Members of the apolipoprotein gene cluster (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) on human chromosome 11q23 play an important role in lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms in both APOA5 and APOC3 are strongly associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations. The close genomic locations of these two genes as well as their functional similarity have hindered efforts to define whether each gene independently influences human triglyceride concentrations. In this study, we examined the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure of 49 SNPs in a 150-kb region spanning the gene cluster. We identified a total of five common APOA5 haplotypes with a frequency of greater than 8% in samples of northern European origin. The APOA5 haplotype block did not extend past the 7 SNPs in the gene and was separated from the other apolipoprotein gene in the cluster by a region of significantly increased recombination. Furthermore, one previously identified triglyceride risk haplotype of APOA5 (APOA5*3) showed no association with three APOC3 SNPs previously associated with triglyceride concentrations, in contrast to the other risk haplotype (APOA5*2), which was associated with all three minor APOC3 SNP alleles. These results highlight the complex genetic relationship between APOA5 and APOC3 and support the notion that APOA5 represents an independent risk gene affecting plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans.
Metabolic and ultrastructural characterization of guinea pig alveolar type II cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation.

Abstract Direct biochemical studies of the whole lung have been quite misleading because of the heterogeneity of the lung cell types. One of the advantages of studying the isolated cells is to be able to correlate specific metabolic functions with intracellular molecular events and to differentiate factors that affect the type II cell function directly. In the present study we have isolated type II cells from guinea pig lung with elastase and purified them by centrifugal elutriation. These cells fluoresce with phosphine 3R as the dye is specifically taken up by the lamellar bodies. In the electron micrographs, the type II cells display punctate villi, which underwent fragmentation in those cases where metrizamide density gradient was used. Mitochondria are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is sparse. Type II cells possess large irregularly shaped nuclei with peripheral areas of dense hemochromatin and at least one prominent nucleolus. Ovoid lamellar bodies are the most prominent cellular inclusions. These bodies are present throughout the cytoplasm and contain a substructure of whorling and concentric laminations. Biochemical studies indicate that type II cells prepared by centrifugal elutriation are metabolically well preserved as seen from incorporation of [14C]leucine into cellular proteins, methyl-14C]choline into cellular disaturated phosphatidylcholine and CDP[methy-14C]choline into mitochondrial and microsomal phosphatidylcholine. Superiority of centrifugal elutriation over the commonly employed combination of discontinuous metrizamide gradient and cell elutriation is evident from the present study.
Sustainable Neighbourhood Development: Missed Opportunities in Southern California

We examine the diffusion of sustainable planning and design concepts into neighbourhood development projects, based on findings of a survey of planners in all 180 cities of five Southern California counties. Sustainable neighbourhood development has particular significance in Southern California owing to the regions's rapid growth. We compare ‘typical’ and ‘innovative’ neighbourhood developments to determine whether sustainable planning and design concepts are being incorporated in these projects. Although planners agree that ‘innovative’ projects are more likely than ‘typical’ projects to incorporate sustainable planning and design concepts, sustainability is not a high priority even in innovative neighbourhood projects. Our respondents identified significant barriers to and limited opportunities for encouraging sustainable neighbourhood development. These trends in planning and design appear likely to continue unless strong policy and other mechanisms are adopted to encourage sustainable neighbourhood d...
Hyperfiltration properties of a zirconium (iv) hydrous oxide-polyacrylate membrane in electrolyte-alcohol-water solutions

Abstract The hyperfiltration membrane permeability and the rejections of the alcohol and electrolyte components of ternary aqueous solutions by a zirconium (IV) hydrous oxide-polyacrylate membrane were studied. For dilute isopropanol and KCl, both components were modestly rejected and both rejections decreased as the concentration of either solute increased. At high concentrations of isopropanol large negative rejections of KCl were obtained. The membrane was used in solutions with the mole fraction of isopropanol as high as 59% (w/w) for many hours over several months with good maintenance of membrane hyperfiltration properties. The performance was upgraded once by a simple deposition of poly(acrylic acid).
Characterization of Depth-Dependent Mechanical Properties in Bio-Titanium Hybrid Osteochondral Tissue Engineered Constructs

With cartilage autografts and allografts in short supply, tissue engineered osteochondral (OC) grafts offer an alternative [1]. These constructs are comprised of a chondrocyte-seeded hydrogel region and a porous, bone-like base. Our laboratory has shown growth of more robust osteochondral constructs on clinically-relevant metal substrates (eg. tantalum) as opposed to devitalized bone, and these constructs have been evaluated in vivo [1,2]. Due to the presence of the base, it is expected that transport of nutrients and chemical factors in OC constructs will differ from transport in chondral-only constructs (Fig. 1, bottom-left). Depth-dependent mechanical properties of chondral-only constructs have been measured, yielding a “U-shaped” strain profile, in which the construct is stiffest on the edges and softest in the center. However, depth-dependent properties have not been measured in tissue engineered OC grafts [3].Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Teratomas in children: Clinical and pathologic aspects

Abstract Teratomatous Tumors are interesting because of their obscure origin, bizarre microscopic appearance, and sometimes unpredictable behavior. Because they occur not infrequently in children, the clinician should be aware of their clinical features, natural history, pathology, and principles of treatment. In an attempt to document some of these features further, the clinical and pathologic aspects of 58 cases of teratomas in children seen at the Mayo Clinic during a 31-yr period were reviewed.
Dissociation Dynamics and Stability of Cyclic Alkoxy Radicals and Alkoxide Anions

Photodetachment and dissociative photodetachment processes of cyclopropoxide, c-C3H5O-, and cyclobutoxide have been studied at 532 nm. Photodetachment of c-C3H5O- produces both the ground X(2A‘ ‘) state and the first excited A(2A‘) state of cyclopropoxy radical, c-C3H5O. The X(2A‘ ‘) state is stable at lower levels of excitation, but with increasing internal energy, dissociation into HCO + C2H4 is observed. The A(2A‘) state completely dissociates into HCO + C2H4. Correlated measurements of photoelectron and photofragment kinetic energies provide dissociation energies c-C3H5O- and c-C3H5O into HCO- + C2H4 and HCO + C2H4 of 0.85 ± 0.07 and −0.26 ± 0.07 eV, respectively. Ab initio calculations have been performed to aid the interpretation of the dissociation mechanism. Cyclobutoxide, c-C4H7O-, undergoes only dissociative photodetachment to ground-state vinoxy radical and ethylene. The adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) of c-C4H7O is estimated to be 1.7 ± 0.1 eV. c-C4H7O- and c-C4H7O are both found to be therm...
On the negligible surface age of Triton

Abstract New mapping reveals 100 probable impact craters on Triton wider than 5 km diameter. All of the probable craters are within 90° of the apex of Triton's orbital motion (i.e., all are on the leading hemisphere) and have a cosine density distribution with respect to the apex. This spatial distribution is difficult to reconcile with a heliocentric (Sun-orbiting) source of impactors, be it ecliptic comets, the Kuiper Belt, the scattered disk, or tidally-disrupted temporary satellites in the style of Shoemaker–Levy 9, but it is consistent with head-on collisions, as would be produced if a prograde population of planetocentric (Neptune-orbiting) debris were swept up by retrograde Triton. Plausible sources include ejecta from impact on or disruption of inner/outer moons of Neptune. If Triton's small craters are mostly of planetocentric origin, Triton offers no evidence for or against the existence of small comets in the Kuiper Belt, and New Horizons observations of Pluto must fill this role. The possibility that the distribution of impact craters is an artifact caused by difficulty in identifying impact craters on the cantaloupe terrain is considered and rejected. The possibility that capricious resurfacing has mimicked the effect of head-on collisions is considered and shown to be unlikely given current geologic constraints, and is no more probable than planetocentrogenesis. The estimated cratering rate on Triton by ecliptic comets is used to put an upper limit of ∼50 Myr on the age of the more heavily cratered terrains, and of ∼6 Myr for the Neptune-facing cantaloupe terrain. If the vast majority of cratering is by planetocentric debris, as we propose, then the surface everywhere is probably less than 10 Myr old. Although the uncertainty in these cratering ages is at least a factor ten, it seems likely that Triton's is among the youngest surfaces in the Solar System, a candidate ocean moon, and an important target for future exploration.
Lexical Retrieval of Nouns and Verbs in a Sentence Completion Task.

This study explored noun and verb retrieval using a sentence completion task to expand upon previous findings from picture naming tasks. Participants completed sentences missing either a target noun or verb in the final position. Non-target responses were coded for substitution type, imageability and frequency. Like picture naming, nouns and verbs differed in non-target substitution type—within-category substitutions were primarily nouns and out-of-category substitutions were primarily verbs. Imageability predicted multiple substitution types for both word classes, whereas frequency predicted noun substitution types but not verbs. Findings support theories of noun and verb differences in semantic retrieval, showing the robustness of this effect across methodologies, and shed new light on the influence of imageability and frequency during semantic retrieval.
Is a quantum standing wave composed of two traveling waves

We compare the scattering of an atom by two different quantized standing-wave configurations. The first one is established in a cavity by a pair of fixed mirrors. The other consists of two independent counterpropagating traveling waves, as could occur in a ring configuration. We show that in the quantum regime (of small photon numbers) atoms are scattered differently by a true standing wave than by a superposition of two counterpropagating waves of equal amplitudes and opposite directions. This behavior is a manifestation of momentum conservation. In the case of traveling waves each wave depletes its momentum independently, whereas the standing wave that is fixed in space acts as a potentially infinite sink or source for momentum.
A NOTE ON SOME DIFFICULTIES IN RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Some empirical problems which tend to receive inadequate attention in response analysis are discussed. These include the variation not explained by fitted production functions, the sensitivity of optima and profits to price changes, the cost of developing production functions and the value in using them.
A Comparative Study Between Tablet and Laptop PCs: User Satisfaction and Preferences

Despite their popularity, usability studies concerning Tablet PCs are lacking. This study aimed at determining user satisfaction and preference aspects of Tablet PCs in comparison to laptop PCs and pen-and-paper environments. Several common computer tasks were examined in an experimental environment on 34 college student participants. User satisfaction and preferences were measured by comprehensive questionnaires. An analysis of variance was used for the empirical comparisons. Participants did not have any difficulty in reading, direct manipulation, and form filling tasks. There was a perception of a high number of errors by the participants for the writing task in Tablet PCs. Overall, participants found the general computing capabilities and portability of Tablet PCs impressive. However, the majority did not prefer Tablet PCs to laptop PCs to meet their everyday computing needs. Results can help designers improve the overall usability of the Tablet PC and help its development as a major computing medium.
Harborview Burns – 1974 to 2009

Background Burn demographics, prevention and care have changed considerably since the 1970s. The objectives were to 1) identify new and confirm previously described changes, 2) make comparisons to the American Burn Association National Burn Repository, 3) determine when the administration of fluids in excess of the Baxter formula began and to identify potential causes, and 4) model mortality over time, during a 36-year period (1974–2009) at the Harborview Burn Center in Seattle, WA, USA. Methods and Findings 14,266 consecutive admissions were analyzed in five-year periods and many parameters compared to the National Burn Repository. Fluid resuscitation was compared in five-year periods from 1974 to 2009. Mortality was modeled with the rBaux model. Many changes are highlighted at the end of the manuscript including 1) the large increase in numbers of total and short-stay admissions, 2) the decline in numbers of large burn injuries, 3) that unadjusted case fatality declined to the mid-1980s but has changed little during the past two decades, 4) that race/ethnicity and payer status disparity exists, and 5) that the trajectory to death changed with fewer deaths occurring after seven days post-injury. Administration of fluids in excess of the Baxter formula during resuscitation of uncomplicated injuries was evident at least by the early 1990s and has continued to the present; the cause is likely multifactorial but pre-hospital fluids, prophylactic tracheal intubation and opioids may be involved. Conclusions 1) The dramatic changes include the rise in short-stay admissions; as a result, the model of burn care practiced since the 1970s is still required but is no longer sufficient. 2) Fluid administration in excess of the Baxter formula with uncomplicated injuries began at least two decades ago. 3) Unadjusted case fatality declined to ∼6% in the mid-1980s and changed little since then. The rBaux mortality model is quite accurate.
Two-sided laser device for online paper caliper measurement and control

Strong demand exists for a non-contacting paper caliper measurement which can be used as an input to a paper thickness control system. Caliper sensors requiring sheet contact suffer from errors related to dirt or coating build up and from high maintenance costs related to wear. These sensors can also damage the product by picking holes and marking sheets. Details of an on-line measurement device which employs two opposed laser displacement sensors and an inductive displacement sensor are presented. The sheet is held perpendicularly to the sensors with a Coanda air clamp. Dust and temperature control features which enable the sensor to operate reliably in an industrial environment are discussed. Results of production trials of this sensor are presented. Sub-micron profile agreement to lab and contacting caliper measurements has been demonstrated on light sheets. Results are presented of measurements on a wide range of paper grades from coated and uncoated light sheets to coated board.
Structural asymmetry of anterior insula: Behavioral correlates and individual differences

The current study investigated behavioral correlates of structural asymmetry of the insula, and traditional perisylvian language regions, in a large sample of young adults (N = 200). The findings indicated (1) reliable leftward surface area asymmetry of the anterior insula, (2) association of this asymmetry with divided visual field lateralization of visual word recognition, and (3) modulation of the correlation of structural and linguistic asymmetry by consistency of hand preference. Although leftward asymmetry of cortical surface area was observed for the anterior insula, pars opercularis and triangularis, and planum temporale, only the anterior insula asymmetry was associated with lateralized word recognition. We interpret these findings within the context of recent structural and functional findings about the human insula. We suggest that leftward structural lateralization of earlier developing insular cortex may bootstrap asymmetrical functional lateralization even if the insula is only a minor component of the adult language network.
Mac OS X panther imaging do's and don'ts

In fall of 2003, our department decided to deploy OS X on our 100 or so Apple lab computers. Apple provided a free training session on its OS X Server Network Image Utility, and we jumped at the opportunity. A month of testing left us frustrated with the Network Image Utility and the NetInstall procedure; they simply did not work as advertised. Apple's OS X Server imaging tools work fine in certain environments, or with post-flight modifications, but we found them to be unusable in our environment. After consultation with Apple engineers and with colleagues from other schools, we settled on Mike Bombich's Carbon Copy Cloner and NetRestore applications in conjunction with Apple Software Restore and Mac OS X Server's NetBoot feature. This paper and presentation discuss our experience with Apple's imaging tools as well as third-party imaging software. We detail the advantages, disadvantages, and recommended use of each program. We also discuss pairing the Apple Remote Desktop software with scripts and tools such as ARD Companion and NetRestore to create an easily managed and deployed OS X lab environment.
ARCHIVING RESISTANCE Women's Testimony at the Threshold of the State

Increasingly today, Fanon's imagination of the postcolonial subject of difference is reconceived in the mode of an international human rights discourse along the lines of reconciliation and reparat...
Loss calibrated methods for bipartite rationing: bipartite rationing

The standard problem of rationing a single over-demanded commodity has a natural bipartite extension with multiple types of a one-dimensional commodity (e.g., stored in different locations), and each agent can only consume some types of the commodity (e.g., has only access to a subset of locations).We define the new standard loss calibrated rationing methods, that equalize across agents the ratio of shares to (calibrated) losses (demand minus share). We extend them to bipartite methods that (1) are not affected by the elimination of an edge and the corresponding flow (Consistency), and (2) treat resource types with identical connectivity as a single type. They are essentially the only standard methods with a bipartite extension meeting the two properties above. Most of the parametric methods discussed in the literature do not admit such extension.
XXXIX. Experiments on columnar ionization

1. (1) A method was devised to compare the ionization due to a single alpha particle when measured in a longitudinal and transverse field. The results confirm the view of Moulin and Langevin that t...
On the cross-pollenation of crystallization ideas between metallurgy and geology

Using the extensive theoretical and experimental background on the crystal growth of metallic, semiconducting and other simple melt systems, a qualitative description of the formation events for a number of prominent mineral morphologies are presented. Particular emphasis is placed upon crystallization in silicate systems and some consequences arising from the insitu inhomogeneous fields of temperature, pressure and chemical composition generated by the crystal growth process. Attention is directed to (a) bubble or inclusion formation by focusing on the freezing velocity profile, the corresponding solute redistribution profile, the bubble or inclusion formation conditions, migration and agglomeration influences and the residual morphology of bubble arrays, and (b) eutectic and dendritic morphologies with their obvious relationship to zoning.
Oxygen Isotopes in Mantle and Crustal Magmas as Revealed by Single Crystal Analysis

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, mantle, and fluids and therefore its isotopic composition provides robust constraints on magma genesis. Application of oxygen isotope geochemistry to volcanology and igneous petrology provides a much needed foundation for radiogenic isotope and trace element approaches. Since isotope fractionations at high temperature are small, there is a demand for high analytical precision in order to recognize and interpret small (tenths of permil) variations in isotopic composition. Recently improved analytical techniques involving lasers and ion microprobes, and reduction in sample and spot size, has painted a picture of isotope complexity on a single crystal scale that is helpful in interpreting magma genesis and evolution. In this chapter a review is provided for several classic examples of silicic and basic magmatism, including Yellowstone and Iceland, that shows isotope zoning and heterogeneity reaching several permil. Isotope heterogeneity fingerprints crystal sources and provides constraints on diffusive and recrystallizational timescales. These new lines of evidence reveal that magma genesis happens rapidly, at shallow depths, and through batch assembly processes. Oxygen isotope geochemistry spans more than 50 years of investigation and is the most developed among other traditional (e.g., C, N, H, S, Li, B) and less-traditional (e.g., Fe, Mo, Cu) stable isotope systems. While we provide basic concepts of isotope fractionation below, the reader is referred to three prior RiMG volumes on stable isotopes (Valley, Taylor, and O’Neil 1986 – volume 16; Valley and Cole 2001 – volume 43; Johnson et al. 2004 – volume 55), and the Hoefs (2005) and Sharp (2006) textbooks for greater treatment and historic perspective. Finally this Chapter does not deal with oxygen isotopic variations in meteorites and planetary igneous materials, and interested readers are referred to RiMG volume 68, “Oxygen in the Solar System” (MacPherson et al. 2008). …
Twenty-Four Hour Staged Carotid Endarterectomy Followed by Off-Pump Coronary Bypass Grafting for Patients With Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Disease

Background Carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease share common risk factors and often coexist in the same patient. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the optimal treatment strategy for patients with concomitant severe coronary and carotid disease. We reviewed the results of our experience performing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 24 hours of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in this select patient population. Methods In this single institution retrospective study we identified patients who underwent CEA followed by CABG from March 2001 to March 2012. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. Results Ninety patients underwent CEA followed by off-pump CABG. The duration between CEA and CABG was 1.8 ± 5.6 days with 80 (89%) within 24 hours. Mean age was 69 ± 9 years, 68% male. Perioperative comorbidities included hypertension (87%), diabetes (50%), previous myocardial infarction (24%), peripheral arterial disease (20%), and strokes and transient ischemic attack (16%). Extensive aortic atherosclerosis was noted in 15 patients (17%). The average number of vessels bypassed was 3.4 ± 1.0, and the average number of proximal vein aortotomies was 1.7 ± 0.92. Post-CEA surgical outcomes were myocardial infarction (1%), acute embolic cerebrovascular accident (1%), left upper extremity weakness (1%), and hypoglossal nerve injury (1%). Post-CABG surgical outcomes included atrial fibrillation (34%), anemia (12%), pneumothorax (7%), and postoperative bleeding (4%). No post-CABG cerebrovascular accident was identified. Patients were discharged 7.5 ± 3.5 days after CEA. Conclusions Twenty-four hour staged CEA followed by CABG minimizes myocardial infarction post-CEA while minimizing cerebrovascular accident post-CABG in patients with concomitant severe coronary and carotid artery disease.
Norms and the study of deviance: A proposed research strategy

The study of deviance seems to have low prestige within sociology and does so at least in part because students of deviance have not shown how the study of deviance bears on wider social processes and conditions. Much of this might possibly be avoided by concentrating on the concepts that are of central concern to the study of deviance, for example, norm. Although norms constitute the central boundary separating normativist and reactivist conceptions of deviance, little conceptual and empirical attention has been devoted to them. The main problem is that norms have not been measured directly (and hence themselves not studied empirically) but have been inferred from social situations in a post hoc fashion. If norms are conceived properly, however, there exists the possibility for direct measurement. Procedures are proposed to accomplish this task.
A decoy oligonucleotide inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB binding to the IgGκB consensus site reduces cerebral injury and apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy

We examined the effect of treatment with intraventricular injection of a decoy oligonucleotide that binds and inhibits nuclear factor-κB on cytokine expression, ICAM-1 expression, neutrophil recruitment, apoptosis, and tissue injury in a model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury with varying degrees of hypoxia. We found a reduction of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, soluble ICAM-1, neutrophil counts, and activity after 2 hr of hypoxia, but not with 90 min of hypoxia. By contrast, a significant reduction of apoptosis was seen in animals treated after 90 min of hypoxia but not in those treated after 2 hr of hypoxia. Overall evidence of an inflammatory response was sparse, with low levels of ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil recruitment even in the more severe hypoxic ischemic injury. It is likely that the decoy oligonucleotide affects cerebral injury and apoptosis not through suppression of downstream elements of the inflammatory response but through other mechanisms, one of which is the reduction of transcription and synthesis of cytokines, which are known to affect other responses to cellular injury. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of calcium hydroxide, carbonate and sodium bicarbonate on water quality and zootechnical performance of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in bio-flocs technology (BFT) systems

Abstract Litopenaeus vannamei (the Pacific white shrimp) is the most commonly reared species in super-intensive biofloc technology (BFT) without water renewal. In BFT, the pH may decrease due to the reduction of alkalinity and the increase of dissolved carbon dioxide. This study evaluated the effects of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate in maintaining water quality during the cultivation of L. vannamei in BFT. The experiment was conducted using juveniles stocked in 150-L 12 tanks at a density of 333 shrimp/m3. There were four treatments with three replicates each: T1 — Na2CO3, T2 — Ca(OH)2, T3 — NaHCO3 and T4 — control. For pH correction, alkalinity and both pH and alkalinity corrections, we used sodium carbonate (0.06 g/L), sodium bicarbonate (0.20 g/L) and hydrated lime (0.15 g/L), respectively. Significant physical, chemical and biological differences (P
Strategic materials policy: A system study

The research reported in this paper deals with the current structure of United States policy concerning strategic minerals and materials systems. An extensive systems analysis is reported and a system dynamics model is presented which allows experimentation with various policy alternatives available to develop strategic reserves. The model was developed using interview data from key officials and from an extensive review of current literature pertaining to the topic. It centers on the system for producing processed materials and developing mineral sources. An application example using chromium and focusing on stockpiling alternatives is discussed.
Fascias of the male external genitalia and perineum

The fascias of the male external genitalia and perineum serve as surgical landmarks and are considered to act as initial barriers to urinary extravasation; thus they are of fundamental importance to the urologist and anatomist. There is little agreement, however, about the naming and function of these fascias because they have been defined inconsistently. The extensive use of eponyms for the fascias adds even further confusion to the proper nomenclature. Our findings, based upon dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), show that except for the single layer of dartos (smooth muscle) in the scrotum, there are two distinct layers of fascia in the penis and perineum that are continuous with each other and the anterior wall fascias. To minimize confusion, we conclude that the fascial layrs around the penis be termed the superficial and deep penile fascias, and those to which they are continuous in the perineum be termed the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia (the fibrous stratum that traverses the superficial fascia) and the deep perineal fascia. Their presumed role in limiting urinary extravasation is based upon relatively few well-detailed report and currently remains poorly understood. However, this may be improved upon in the future through combined application of clinical findings and MRI to individual cases of urinary extravasation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Depth of knots

Abstract The authors show that for every k⩾/0 there are knots intrinsically of depth k, i.e., whose complements admit smooth, taut foliations of depth k but do not admit C2, taut foliations of any depth less than k. They also give examples of knots whose complements do not admit taut, C2 foliations, with leaves meeting the boundary of the knot complement in circles, of any finite depth.
Artefacts created during oral biopsy procedures

Summary Biopsy specimens removed from the oral cavity are often small, and there is high potential for causing artefacts at several stages: during removal, fixation, embedding, or staining. This report describes several of the most common artefacts created by erroneous handling of oral tissue and lists recommendations for preventing them.
Process Optimisation in Pulsed Laser Micromachining with Applications in Medical Device Manufacturing

Pulsed laser machining offers many unique capabilities that continuous-wave (CW) laser machining cannot. In pulsed laser machining, however, the additional process parameters of peak power, pulse frequency and pulse duration make it more difficult to find and fine tune a suitable operation window. This becomes harder in micromachining applications where tolerance of inaccuracy is smaller. How to determine these parameters in a systematic way is of great interest. This paper presents a hybrid approach, in which an analysis of the interactive relations between various process parameters and their influence on machining quality if first conducted. Based on an energy balance as well as on the characteristics of pulsed laser machining, these relationships lead to the establishment of several guidelines. These guidelines are followed to determine an initial set of process parameters that are refined in the subsequent design of an experiment. The approach is followed in a precision medical device manufacturing case where a sixvariable fractional factorial design with multiple responses is chosen to quantify the effects of key process parameters on visual and metallurgical responses.
Improvement of self-monitoring skills, reduction of behaviour disturbance and the dysexecutive syndrome: Comparison of response cost and a new programme of self-monitoring training

Abstract Impairment of executive functioning may impose particular neuropsychological constraints on the ability to learn. Some categories of behaviour disorder are secondary to the presence of the “dysexecutive syndrome”, particularly impairment in the ability for accurate self-monitoring. In these cases behaviour modification interventions using reinforcement and extinction methods may be unsuccessful. Response cost has been reported previously as one method which facilitates learning in such cases. However, there are practical difficulties that limit its use, or make practitioners reluctant to employ it. In this paper a case is described in which behaviour incompatible with rehabilitation was attributable to inaccuracies in self-monitoring. Two treatment methods were utilised. Whilst response cost was used successfully the results did not generalise to a second environment. A new programme of self-monitoring training was implemented to: teach inhibitory control in this environment; evolve an alternativ...
Use of charcoal adsorption for the microassay of Acetyl-CoA hydrolase

Abstract A sensitive and rapid radiochemical micromethod is described for measuring the activity of acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1). [1-14C]Acetyl-CoA is incubated with tissue homogenates; unhydrolyzed [1-14C]acetyl-CoA is separated from the radiolabeled product, [1-14C]acetate, by adsorption to charcoal. The soluble [1-14C]acetate is measured by liquid scintillation techniques. This procedure makes it possible to measure as little as 0.2 to 0.4 nmol acetate generated per assay.
The production of neutral pions from 200 GeV π−p collisions in the high x region☆

We present data from the Caltech-LBL experiment at Fermilab using a photon detector to study π0 production from a 200 GeV π− beam. We present cross sections for inclusive π0 production with 0 < − t < 8 GeV2 and for π0 production with an all-neutral final state for 0 < − t < 6 GeV2, both with π0 energies above 100 GeV. The x-dependences of the cross sections agree with the predictions of the triple Regge model and are used to derive a ϱ trajectory. Our new data are compared to earlier results using a 100 GeV beam over a more limited energy and momentum transfer regime.
Recapitulation of cell signaling events associated with astrogliosis using the brain slice preparation

Astroglial activation constitutes a dominant response to all types of injuries of the CNS. Despite the ubiquitous nature of this cellular reaction to neural injury, a little is known concerning the signaling mechanisms that initiate it. Recently, we demonstrated that astrocytic hypertrophy and enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein resulting from toxicant-induced neurodegeneration are linked to activation of the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway. These observations implicate ligands at the gp130 receptor as potential upstream effectors of astrogliosis. Here we used the brain slice preparation to examine potential activators of the JAK-STAT3 pathway. Following incubation of freshly cut striatal slices in phosphate-free oxygenated buffer for up to 75 min, we found that slicing the striatum itself was a sufficient stimulus to initiate a rapid activation of the JAK-STAT3 pathway as assessed with immunoblots of pSTAT3(tyr705) using phospho-state specific antibodies. The mRNA for the gp130 cytokines, leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-6 and oncostatin M or the β-chemokine, monocyte chemoattractive protein (CCl2) also were up-regulated in the slice. Moreover, we could enhance the activation of STAT3(tyr705) by adding exogenous cytokines to the slice and we could inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3(tyr705) by addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lav A and AG490) or neutralizing antibodies directed against leukemia inhibitory factor or oncostatin M. These data suggest that STAT3 activation is an early event in slice-induced glial activation and establishes the brain slice preparation method as a reliable model to examine the signaling mechanisms that underlie glial activation.