cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can a River Heal Itself? Natural Attenuation of Metal Contamination in River Sediment

Sediment sampling of bed sediment from a large river contaminated by mining and smelting was used to determine rates of natural attenuation of metal concentrations. A "natural decay model" was developed from high-resolution temporal data and used to predict when restoration guidelines would be met without restoration and with various degrees of restoration success. The natural decay model estimates that in the most contaminated reaches it will take about 90 years for average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to fall below "probable effects concentrations" (PEC), i.e. levels above which we expect to see adverse environmental effects. At sites farther downstream, all metals will fall below PEC in <35 ± 8 years. It will take longer to reach "threshold effects concentrations" (TEC), i.e. concentrations at which no effects are expected. But, even in the most contaminated reaches, Cd, Pb, and Zn will reach TEC in <80 ± 57 years, while Cu and As will take ~200 years. Model simulations with different levels of remediation success show that recovery is highly dependent on source reduction and how far the goal is from the basin background concentration. Furthermore, beneficial effects of restoration may be unexpectedly small: for example a likely decrease of ~20% in the source concentration would shorten the time to reach the Cu PEC by only 13 years. We argue that conducting analyses like these can provide insight into remediation approaches and ultimately decrease the cost of restoration by identifying the role of natural attenuation in restoration design and implementation.
Exomphalos – a major or minor problem?

Introduction The mortality and morbidity statistics associated with exomphalos major remain discouraging despite advances in management techniques (1). Congenital lung pathology, in particular pulmonary hypoplasia, and thoracic maldevelopment, have been strongly allied to this condition, accounting for the high incidence of pulmonary insufficiency necessitating prolonged ventilatory support in these infants (2). We discuss the respiratory issues in an infant with a particularly severe form of exomphalos major, and the impact of a comprehensive parental website devoted to the infants' management and progress. Case Report A female infant, born at 38 weeks' gestation, was referred for management of exomphalos major. Due to the extensive nature of the abdominal wall defect, primary surgical closure was impossible and initial management consisted of staged reduction by external compression of the exomphalos. This resulted in escalating cardiovascular and respiratory embarrassment, and was abandoned in favour of conservative treatment, whereby the sac was dressed and allowed to epithelialise. Thereafter the clinical course was characterised by chronic pulmonary insufficiency requiring prolonged ventilatory support. Ventilator dependence did not significantly decrease until lung growth occurred and the sitting position was adopted, enabling weaning from conventional ventilation to genuine BIPAP at 6 months. Currently, after 11 months, we are preparing her for entry into a home ventilation programme. Throughout this period, progress and realistic goals were discussed at multidisciplinary case conferences involving the parents. The interpreted medical management has subsequently been displayed by the parents on an elaborate, up-to-date website, which is part of a larger ‘Mother Of Omphalocele’ network. Although innovative, this highlights the fact that we the medical profession, should be vigilant with regard to potential public exposure of patient management. Whilst the Internet has become an integral part of our own continuing education, this case highlights a new aspect of how it may be used by our patients and their relatives to compare and contrast management policies in various institutions.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Measurements In Sooting Flames

FT-IR absorption measurements of gas phase species in highly sooting hydrocarbon flames are presented. These measurements were made in linear propane/air, methane/air and methane/ propane/air flames supported on a modified surface-mixing burner. In addition to the usual products of combustion (H2O, CO2, and CO), we have observed broad bands indicative of long chain aliphatic and olefinic hydrocarbons. Rotational temperatures computed from the CO spectrum, and hydrocarbon absorbances are presented as a function of distance above the burner surface. CH4, C2H4, and C2H2 have also been identified as decomposition products in propane/air flames.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
PROSPERITY, IMMIGRATION, AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGE IN SILICON VALLEY: 1990–2000

This article uses panel data collected at the block group level from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census to explore neighborhood change in the Silicon Valley region of Northern California. This was a period of rapid economic expansion and displacement of the white majority by immigrants of Asian and Hispanic descent. The argument that economic prosperity promotes ethnic group assimilation is confronted by mixed findings that ethnic residential segregation intensified in Silicon Valley during the 1990s, regardless of the income level of neighborhoods, and that some second generation immigrants have begun to assimilate residentially. Results support the argument that more recent immigrants, regardless of education, are likely to reside in areas populated by members of their ethnic group. In addition, upward mobility does not necessarily mean ethnic minorities will leave ethnic neighborhoods and desegregate the larger metropolitan area, which also creates the potential for proliferation of more affluent ethnic nei...
Determining the Best Method for Measuring No-Passing Zones

The objective of this study was to develop and test a suitable method for measuring passing sight distance on two-lane, two-way highways by using one person and vehicle. A literature review and contacts with state department of transportation (DOT) engineers revealed a number of current methods, and the research team developed several new methods. However, many of the current and new methods had problems that precluded agencies from using them. Five promising methods remained for an experiment testing their accuracy relative to the slow but trust-worthy walking method: the two-vehicle method, which is the most popular method used by state DOTs, a one-vehicle method used in a few divisions of the North Carolina DOT, a new laser rangefinder method, a new optical rangefinder method, and a new speed and distance method. The experiment provided data at 20 horizontal curve sites and 20 hill sites, equally split between the piedmont and mountain regions of North Carolina. The researchers recorded the time requir...
Transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene from human cells to mouse cells by means of metaphase chromosomes.

Thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient human cells were infected with ultraviolet light-inactivated Herpes simplex virus type 1, and “transformed” cells that expressed Herpes TK activity were isolated. Purified metaphase chromosomes were isolated from the transformed human line and incubated with TK-deficient mouse cells. TK+cells were selected, and it was shown that these cells were gene transferents which expressed Herpes TK activity, identical to that found in the transformed human cells. The gene transferents contained no intact human chromosomes. When removed from selective pressure, the gene transferents rapidly lost the TK+phenotype. However, upon continued growth in nonselective medium, a subpopulation in which the TK+phenotype had become more stabilized appeared. These results suggest that the Herpes gene for thymidine kinase has integrated into the genome of the HSV-transformed human cells and that it can be transferred to other cells by means of purified metaphase chromosomes.
Molecular orbital studies of S2N2, (SN)2, and (SN)3 using a minimal basis set

Abstract Minimal basis set LCAO SCF calculations on S2N2, (SN)2, and (SN)3 have been carried out. A number of electronic configurations for each species were investigated. Triplet states of S2N2 and (SN)2 and a quartet state of (SN)3 were found to be lowest in energy at this level of calculation. The S2N2 molecule is found to have a lower energy than the chain structure from of (SN)2.
The Elusive Ingénue A Transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay

European prostitutes occupied an important intermediary status in colonial Bombay’s racially stratified sexual order. In this article, the author offers a transnational feminist analysis of how the colonial state managed its racial and spatial location. The colonial state individuated, fostered, and monitored European prostitutes much more closely than others involved in the sex trade, and “coercive protection” by the police and brothel mistresses kept European brothel workers within their assigned spaces. Paradoxically, international antitrafficking efforts in colonial Bombay consolidated, rather than undermined, these relations of coercive protection. The League of Nations’ antitrafficking measures in the 1920s encouraged the police to focus on cross-nationalcases andthird-partyprocurers andto overlook women who were deemed insufficiently pure. Comparing police, missionary, and social workers’ records, the author offers a critique of both international antitrafficking discourses and the Indian colonial ...
Newly Arrived Elderly Immigrants: A Concept Analysis of “Aging Out of Place”

Newcomer elderly immigrants, defined as adults older than the age of 65 who have arrived in the United States in the last 10 years, represent a growing sector of the American population. Newcomers who experience limited English proficiency, financial strain, and acculturative stress are at considerable risk of developing poor health outcomes. Nursing's focus on healthy aging and aging in place has largely ignored the experiences of these older adults, who are said to be "aging out of place." This concept analysis uses Rodgers's evolutionary method to define "aging out of place" and illustrates why existing theories of elderly migration do not necessarily apply to this population. The challenge for nurses is incorporating the family, with whom conflict may arise, into the care of these elders. Community-based strategies that enable social integration and create a greater division of labor in the care of newcomer elders are called for.
Volatility enhancement In Calcium, Strontium, and Barium complexes containing β-Diketiminate ligands with dimethylamino groups on the ligand core Nitrogen atoms

Treatment of M(N(SiMe3)2)2(THF)2 with 2 equiv of 4-(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)dimethylhydrazone-3-penten-2-one (LNMe2H) in toluene at ambient temperature afforded Ca(η2-LNMe2)2 (88%), [Sr(η5-LNMe2)(μ-η1:η5-LNMe2)]2 (85%), and [Ba(η5-LNMe2)(μ-η2:η3-LNMe2)]2 (83%) as colorless or pale yellow crystalline solids. The formulations of the new complexes were assigned from spectral and analytical data and by X-ray crystal structure determinations. In the solid state, Ca(η2-LNMe2)2 exists as a tetrahedral monomer. [Sr(η5-LNMe2)(μ-η1:η5-LNMe2)]2 is a dimer that contains a terminal η5-LNMe2 ligand on each strontium ion. The dimer is held together by two μ-η1:η5-LNMe2 ligands, in which one dimethylamino moiety per LNMe2 ligand acts as a donor ligand to the adjacent strontium ion. [Ba(η5-LNMe2)(μ-η2:η3-LNMe2)]2 crystallizes as a dimer that contains a terminal η5-LNMe2 ligand on each barium ion. The two bridging LNMe2 ligands adopt a μ-η2:η3-coordination mode, where each LNMe2 ligand is bonded to one barium ion through the...
Recall of the pattern, sequence, and names of concepts presented in instructional diagrams

Forty-one high school students studied a series of five circuit diagrams. These either showed the electronic components as standard symbols or as squares. Each component was labelled and numbered. Students either had to remember the pattern of the elements in the diagram and draw it from memory, or they had to remember the elements in sequence. It was found that students who saw diagrams with symbols performed better on the sequence task and worse on the pattern task than the students who saw the diagrams with squares, whose performance on the two tasks was the opposite. A subsequent experiment found that requiring the students to label the elements in the diagrams did not interfere with their ability to remember the patterns of the components. It was concluded that students' success in completing tasks that require holistic or analytic processing depends upon the amount of detail in the elements in instructional diagrams. It was also suggested that designers of diagrams used to teach science can exercise some control over whether students process the information holistically or analytically by varying the amount of detail in the diagrams' elements.
Model-based pupil-fill optimization for the SEMATECH Berkeley EUV microfield exposure tool

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist development has been enabled over the past few years in large part by high numerical aperture (NA) exposure tools such as the 0.3-NA microfield exposure tools (METs) at SEMATECH and Intel. Of these tools, the SEMATECH Berkeley MET tool is unique in its ability to provide lossless pupil fill control enabling extremely low k 1 printing (down to 0.25). It is well known that illumination settings can be tailored to optimize printing performance for particular features. The optimal illumination settings, however, depend not only on the feature type but also on the specifics of the pupil function, including phase (or aberrations) and amplitude (or pupil obscurations). Here, aerial image modeling is used to study the optimal illumination conditions for the SEMATECH Berkeley MET tool as a function of feature size and type. The modeling accounts for the known pupil function (amplitude and phase) of the optic.
Gender and Nature: A Psychological Analysis of Ecofeminist Theory1

For ecofeminists, the logic of domination (Warren, 1990) subserves the interconnected oppressions of patriarchy (i.e., sexism) and the anthropocentric domination of nature (i.e., naturism). Given this premise, it was hypothesized that interconnections would be found across instruments that assessed the following constructs: right-wing authoritarianism, attitudes toward women, social-dominance orientation, and attitudes toward the environment. As predicted, a correlation was found between attitudes toward women and the environment. Regression analyses indicate that authoritarianism reliably predicted sexism in men and women. Authoritarianism also predicted naturism in women. These results are interpreted as an initial rapprochement between psychology and the ecofeminism framework delineating the social attitudes that are inherent in the oppressive systems of sexism and naturism.
Structure-from-motion based on information at surface boundaries

Existing computational models of structurefrom-motion -- the appearance of three-dimensional motion generated by moving two-dimensional patterns -- are all based on variations of optical flow or feature point correspondence within the interior of single objects. Three separate phenomena provide strong evidence that in human vision, structure-from-motion is significantly affected by surface boundary cues. In the first, a rotating cylinder is seen, though no variation in optical flow exists across the apparent cylinder. In the second, the shape of the bounding contour of a moving pattern dominates the actual differential motion within the pattern. In the third, the appearance of independently moving objects changes significantly when the boundary between them becomes indistinct. We describe a simple computational model sufficient to account for these effects. The model is based on qualitative constraints relating possible object motions to patterns of flow, together with an understanding of the patterns of flow that can be discriminated in practice.
Military Ethics Education in Taiwan: A Multi-Channel Approach

Three methods for ethics instruction are used in Taiwanese military education: the ‘bag-of-virtues’, value-clarification and virtue-ethics methods. This article explains, analyzes and discusses each of these, thereby giving an introduction to how military ethics is taught – and thought of – within the Taiwanese military system. Recommendations are given for how to improve the parts of the system that do not seem to live up to the stated intentions.
Initial Psychometric Properties of the Pain Care Quality Survey (PainCQ).

Abstract This study examined the psychometric properties of the Pain Care Quality (PainCQ) survey, a new instrument to measure the quality of nursing and interdisciplinary care related to pain management. Hospitalized medical/surgical oncology patients with pain from 3 states completed the 44-item version of the PainCQ survey following completion of a nursing shift. Interdisciplinary items were evaluated over the entire hospital stay; nursing care was evaluated during the previous shift. The sample included 109 patients ranging in age from 20 to 84 (mean = 53.09). The sample was 58.7% female, 88% non-Hispanic white. Principal Axis Factoring with an oblimin rotation was used as factors were correlated. Two scales resulted. The PainCQ-Interdisciplinary scale included 11 items representing 2 constructs and explaining 47.1% of shared item variance: partnership with the health care team (k = 6 items; α = .85) and comprehensive interdisciplinary pain care (k = 5 items; α = .76). The PainCQ-Nursing scale measured three constructs and explained 60.8 % of shared item variance: being treated right (k = 15 items; α = .95), comprehensive nursing pain care (k = 3 items; α = .77), and efficacy of pain management (k =4 items; α = .87). Results supported the internal consistency reliability and structural validity of the PainCQ survey with 33 items. Perspective This article presents the psychometric properties of a new tool to measure interdisciplinary and nursing care quality related to pain management from the patient's perspective. This tool can be used for research and as a clinical performance measure to monitor and improve quality of care and patient outcomes.
Coronary intimal proliferation after balloon injury and stenting in swing: An animal model of restenosis

Objectives. This study was designed to compare the proliferative response in coronary arteries after tantalum stent placement or balloon injury in a normolipemic swine model of restenosis. Background. Restenosis remains a significant complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angbioplasty. Efforts to study restenosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. Methods. In an attempt to create lesions resembling those of human restenosis, normolipemic swine underwent injury of either the left anterior descending or the left circumflex coronary artery with either balloon inflation or deployment of a tantalum stent. At 4 weeks, they were killed and the injured vessels processed for histopathologic analysis. Intimal area, lumen area and maximal intimal thickness were measured. The degree of stenosis was expressed as residual lumen area (lumen area/intimal area ratio). Results. Vessels injured by either method demonstrated significant intimal smooth muscle proliferation leading to reduction in lumen area. In the 18 stented vessels residual lumen area measured 0.64 ± 0.18 and maximal intimal thickness measured 0.6 ± 0.3 mm; in the 15 balloon-injured vessels these values were 0.75 ± 0.18 and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, most stented vessels had reactive inflammatory infiltrates surrounding the stent wires composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes and many eosinophils. Conclusions. These data indicate that coronary artery injury in swine with either balloon inflation or stenting leads to intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation similar to that seen in human restenosis. The degree of intimal proliferation appears to be greater after stenting than after balloon injury. Intracoronary stenting in swine is associated with a marked inflammatory reaction around the stent wires. These models may be helpful in planning systemic and local antiresteno is strategies.
Hepatic and intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity in genetically diabetic mice

Abstract Cholesterol synthesis rate, as determined by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, is characterized in the major organs of genetically diabetic mice. Both C57BL Ks db+ db+ and C57BL 6 ob+ ob+ mice are hyperinsulinemic and insulin-resistant. These animals demonstrate loss of the circadian rhythm of hepatic reductase activity and a tendency for increased intestinal activity. As a result, proportionally more endogenous cholesterol synthesis occurs in intestinal mucosa than liver in genetically diabetic animals. Thus, the alterations in activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase which are observed in animal models of diabetes are the result of diminished insulin effect rather than insulin level.
Enhancing the incidental pipeline in genomic sequencing.

Recent advances have increased the accuracy, affordability, and availability of high-throughput sequencing. Genomic sequencing (including both whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing) is beginning to be explored in the practice of prospective medicine. Currently, however, the most common use involves trying to explain a patient's presentation by identifying a causative genetic variant. Here, the traditional clinical evaluation often progresses towards genomics research. For example, a patient with a disorder of unknown etiology may exhaust the standard clinical work-up, typically involving examining specific genes of interest and/or performing testing to look for structural genomic alterations. If no genetic explanation has been found, the patient may undergo genomic sequencing, sometimes on a research basis. Of note, the distinction between ‘clinical sequencing’ and ‘research-based sequencing’ is sometimes blurred, especially in the context of rare diseases. For example, some research labs conduct standard sequencing of known target genes for a certain disorder and will return these results relatively efficiently (whether positive or negative); if nothing is found, these same labs will continue to use the samples to investigate novel targets on a more classic research basis. Again, if a genetic explanation is then found and proven, this would then be returned to the research participants, even if long after initial participation. In addition to discoveries that may end the diagnostic odyssey, many genomic endeavors include provisions aimed at managing ‘incidental medical information’ [Solomon et al., 2012; Green et al., 2013]. In this context, incidental medical information includes genomic data that may not be directly relevant to the primary question (what is the reason for the patient's presentation), but that may nonetheless have health implications [Berg et al., 2011, 2013; Burke et al., 2013; Green et al., 2013]. A significant number of variants of potential medical significance are contained in every genome [Xue et al., 2012]. The optimal management of these variants is a critical and controversial area, and much work is required to continue to establish relevant guidelines and approaches [Beskow et al., 2010; Berg et al., 2013; Burke et al., 2013; Green et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2013]. Setting aside the question of what constitutes medically significant incidental genomic data allows a focus on a different but nonetheless important question: what are key considerations in establishing a pipeline for incidental medical information management? Here, based upon our experience, we describe 8 relevant general considerations that may be of use whether genomic sequencing is performed on a purely clinical basis, as part of a research study, or, as is frequent, as a combination of the 2.
Ethnic soldiers, messiahs, and cockalorums

Ferguson, R. Brian, and Neil L. Whitehead, eds. War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding States and Indigenous Warfare. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992. xiv + 303 pp. including appendix, collected references, and index. $35.00 cloth, $15.95 paper. Brown, Michael F., and Eduardo Fernandez. War of Shadows: The Struggle for Utopia in the Peruvian Amazon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. xv + 280 pp. including notes, bibliography, and index. $29.95 cloth. Williams, Brackette F. Stains on My Name, War in My Veins: Guyana and the Politics of Cultural Struggle. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1991. xix + 322 pp. including notes, bibliography, and index. $34.95 cloth, $18.50 paper.
A flotation procedure for producing spore-free crystals from commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis

Abstract When suspensions containing crystals and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis were subjected to streams of rising bubbles in a column, the spores floated to the surface where they could be removed. Spore-free suspensions of crystals have been prepared by this method from commercial microbial concentrates.
Communication Via Structural Water: Changes In The Thrombin Water Channel And Active Site Due To Sodium Binding

Thrombin plays a pivotal role in the blood coagulation cascade, functioning as both a procoagulant and anticoagulant. Thrombin exists in the blood in equilibrium between these two catalytic forms, and the transition from the slow to the fast form is initiated by sodium binding. Allosteric communication between the sodium binding site and active site is necessary for substrate recognition and enzyme function: specifically, the conversion from the slow form to the fast form upon Na+ binding. Thrombin contains a water channel that extends from the Na+-binding site to the active site. It has been suggested previously that this water channel may play a role in the allosteric communication between the Na+-binding site and the active site. We have analyzed water channel structure and fluctuations in apo and holo (Na+-bound) forms of thrombin using molecular dynamics. Our results show that the water channel of thrombin exists in three distinct states. States of large channel volume and high water occupancy are observed more often when the Na+-binding site is empty. These large volume/high occupancy states include a water channel that completely connects the Na+-binding site to the active site through a network of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the large volume/high occupancy water channel causes significant structural changes in the active site, including disruption of hydrogen bonding in the catalytic triad. Conversely, when the cation binding site is occupied by a Na+-ion, the water channel has a significantly smaller volume, fewer water molecules, and does not provide a complete hydrogen bond network between the Na+-binding site and the active site. We analyze these results in the context of changes in the catalytic activity of thrombin in the presence and absence of Na+.
LEADERSHIP TRAINING IN ELITE AMERICAN BOARDING SCHOOLS: RECONCILING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHAT IS TAUGHT AND WHAT IS LEARNED

Power without authority is fragile; to be effective, leaders must appear to deserve their positions. This sense of legitimacy is the most important end product of going through Prep school. This sense of legitimacy is magnified by the sense of collective identity that Prep schools generate among their students, and much of the bonding process essential to upper‐class solidarity begins in this institution. This is the social glove that holds together the privileged classes, often at the expense of individuality but to the long‐term gain of upper‐class hegemony.
Determination of ploidy level and nuclear DNA content in blueberry by flow cytometry.

The technique of DNA flow cytometry was used to study variation in DNA content among different ploidy levels, as well as among diploid species, of Vaccinium section Cyanococcus. In a sample of plants of varying ploidy level, the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of nuclei stained with propidium iodide was a function of the number of chromosome sets (x), as represented by the linear equation RFI=3.7x-2.3 (r2=95%). The data indicated that DNA flow cytometry could be useful for the determination of ploidy level at the seedling stage in blueberry. They also suggest that “conventional polyploid evolution” has occurred in this section of the genus Vaccinium with an increase in nuclear DNA content concurrent with the increase in chromosome number. The nuclear DNA content of diploid species of Vaccinium section Cyanococcus was estimated from the relationship of the observed RFI to an internal known DNA standard (trout red blood cells). A nested analysis of variance indicated significant variation among species, as well as among populations within species, in nuclear DNA content, although this variation was small compared to the variation among ploidy levels. The variation in nuclear DNA content corresponded to the phylogenetic relationships among species determined from previous studies.
ArtWare: Macintosh multimedia software for aesthetics research

This paper describes ArtWare, a HyperCard stack for the Apple Macintosh that allows researchers to configure and run simple experiments in visual aesthetics. ArtWare allows researchers to (1) choose paintings or other works of art from commercially available laser discs to use as stimuli, (2) create and edit sets of semantic differential response scales, and (3) create an experiment stack that randomizes the presentation of stimuli and scales as well as collects data from subjects. In addition, the paper discusses revisions planned for the current software to broaden its utility to areas beyond visual aesthetics.
Failure of the Routh-Hurwitz method of reduction

The Routh-Hurwitz reduction method is shown to have a serious disadvantage in that the reduced model may approximate the nondominant poles of the system and hence lead to erroneous approximations. A numerical example is given to compare the Routh-Hurwitz method to the Pade approximation method.
OVID'S EPIC FOREST: A NOTE ON AMORES 3.1.1–6

As the first poem of the last book of Ovid's Amores , 3.1 parallels the programmatic recusatio of the first two books, which present the traditional opposition of elegy to epic. In Amores 3.1, the personified Elegy and Tragedy compete for Ovid's poetic attention, and scholars have accordingly scrutinized the generic tension between elegy and tragedy in this poem. My study, by contrast, focusses on the import of the metapoetic locus in which Ovid sets his contest between the two genres, by considering the linguistic and allusive play in the opening lines. Ovid exploits the metaphor of literary tradition as an ancient and sacred forest to transform an author's choice of poetic genre into a walk in the woods. Moreover, allusions to Virgil's Aeneid 6.179 and Ennius' Annales 175 (Sk.) in the first line guide Ovid's audience to expect the more traditional opposition of elegy and epic. The less conventional contest between the genres of elegy and tragedy soon overturns this expectation; nevertheless, elegy's customary opposite, epic, maintains a presence in the form of a woodland context for Ovid's innovative generic opposition.
The effect of epidermal growth factor on the septic complications of acute pancreatitis

Bacterial translocation (BT) from the gastrointestinal tract to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and other extraintestinal organs is an important source of infection in acute pancreatitis (AP). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a peptide hormone with trophic effects on gut mucosa, has decreased intestinal mucosal injury in septic rats and decreased burn-induced BT in mice. The purpose of this study is to examine whether EGF could affect BT in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g) were studied. AP was induced in Group I and Group II by pressure injection of 3% taurocholate and trypsin into the biliopancreatic duct (1 ml/kg of body weight). Group III and Group IV underwent laparotomy without induction of acute pancreatitis. Group I rats received human recombinant EGF (100 μg/kg, subcutaneously twice daily) and Group II rats received a similar volume of 0.1% bovine serum albumin as a placebo postoperatively. Group III and Group IV received EGF and placebo, respectively. At 48 hr postoperatively, blood was drawn for culture and amylase determinations. Jejunum and ileum were obtained to measure mucosal protein content, mucosal thickness, villus height, and crypt depth. Specimens from MLN, spleen, liver, pancreas, and cecum were harvested for pathology and culture of gram positive (G+), gram negative (G-), and anaerobic bacteria. Ileal mucosal protein levels were increased significantly in Group I (1.96 ± 0.14 mg/cm) compared to Group II (0.95 ± 0.15 mg/cm intestinal segment) (P < 0.01). Jejunal and ileal mucosal thickness, villus height, and crypt depth in Group I were significantly increased when compared to Group II (P < 0.05). All 12 rats in Group II had BT to MLN compared to 58% (7 of 12 rats) in Group I (P < 0.05). Thirty-three percent (4 of 12 rats) had BT to distant sites such as pancreas, spleen, liver, and/or blood in Group I vs 83% (10 of 12 rats) in Group II (P < 0.05). EGF treatment minimizes intestinal damage, decreases BT to MLN and bacterial spread to distant sites, and may be beneficial in preventing septic complications in AP.
Can air plethysmography accurately identify upper extremity deep venous thrombosis

Abstract Purpose: Air plethysmography (APG) is an established, noninvasive means of evaluating lower extremity venous outflow. Methods: To determine whether APG could identify deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity, we measured the percentage of venous outflow in the first second (maximum venous outflow [MVO]) of four groups of arms: (1) normal volunteers (no previous central vein catheters), (2) the affected, (3) the unaffected arms of the patients with DVT (proven by venography or duplex scanning), and (4) hospital patients (no previous central vein catheters). Results: The results of an analysis of variance were as follows: the mean MVO (%) of the affected arms of patients with DVT, 29.4 ± 2.6, was significantly less than their unaffected arms, 55.3 ± 3.9, hospital controls, 64.3 ± 2.2, and normal volunteers, 64.2 ± 0.9 ( p p Conclusions: We conclude that APG clearly discriminated arms with documented DVT from controls and is a highly accurate means of identifying upper extremity DVT. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:808-13.)
HIGH PERFORMANCE OF ALGAINP/GAINP VISIBLE LASERS BY STRAIN INDUCED EFFECTS

An AlGaInP/GaInP visible strained single quantum well (SSQW) laser has been investigated. In comparison with a conventional lattice-matched single quantum well (SQW) laser, it was found that a 25% increase in the differential gain coefficient β and a 60% decrease in the transparency current density J0 have been obtained by incorporating a 0.65% compressive SSQW active layer structure.
MAGNETIC RECONNAISSANCE OF SIERRA MADERA, TEXAS, AND NEARBY IGNEOUS INTRUSIONS

Magnetic reconnaissance of Sierra Madera, Texas, and nearby igneous intrusions, considering possible meteoritic impact
Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study

The genetic influences on bone mass likely change throughout the life span, but most genetic studies of bone mass regulation have focused on adults. There is, however, a growing awareness of the importance of genes influencing the acquisition of bone mass during childhood on lifelong bone health. The present investigation examines genetic influences on childhood bone mass by estimating the residual heritabilities of different measures of second metacarpal bone mass in a sample of 600 10-year-old participants from 144 families in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted to estimate genetic correlations between cortical bone mass measures, and measures of bone growth and development. Using a maximum likelihood-based variance components method for pedigree data, we found a residual heritability estimate of 0.71 for second metacarpal cortical index. Residual heritability estimates for individual measures of cortical bone (e.g., lateral cortical thickness, medial cortical thickness) ranged from 0.47 to 0.58, at this pre-pubertal childhood age. Low genetic correlations were found between cortical bone measures and both bone length and skeletal age. However, after Bonferonni adjustment for multiple testing, ρG was not significantly different from 0 for any of these pairs of traits. Results of this investigation provide evidence of significant genetic control over bone mass largely independent of maturation while bones are actively growing and before rapid accrual of bone that typically occurs during puberty.
Label-Free Imaging of Lipid-Droplet Intracellular Motion in Early Drosophila Embryos Using Femtosecond-Stimulated Raman Loss Microscopy

Lipid droplets are complex organelles that exhibit highly dynamic behavior in early Drosophila embryo development. Imaging lipid droplet motion provides a robust platform for the investigation of shuttling by kinesin and dynein motors, but methods for imaging are either destructive or deficient in resolution and penetration to study large populations of droplets in an individual embryo. Here we report real-time imaging and quantification of droplet motion in live embryos using a recently developed technique termed “femtosecond-stimulated Raman loss” microscopy. We captured long-duration time-lapse images of the developing embryo, tracked single droplet motion within large populations of droplets, and measured the velocity and turning frequency of each particle at different apical-to-basal depths and stages of development. To determine whether the quantities for speed and turning rate measured for individual droplets are sufficient to predict the population distributions of droplet density, we simulated droplet motion using a velocity-jump model. This model yielded droplet density distributions that agreed well with experimental observations without any model optimization or unknown parameter estimation, demonstrating the sufficiency of a velocity-jump process for droplet trafficking dynamics in blastoderm embryos.
Status report on the holifield heavy ion research facility

Abstract The Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility has been in routine operation since July, 1982. Beams have been provided using both the tandem accelerator alone and a coupled mode in which the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron is used as an energy booster for tandem beams. The coupled mode has proved to be especially effective and has allowed us to provide a wide range of energetic beams for scheduled experiments. In this report we will discuss the status of the tandem accelerator and some aspects of our experience with coupled operation.
Discovery and validation of new antitubercular compounds as potential drug leads and probes

Increasing multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to diminish the number of effective drugs available for treatment of active tuberculosis. Although there are four new products (representing three new chemical classes) in clinical development, an active, robust pipeline of new chemical entities is critical to discovery of medicines to dramatically improve or shorten length of therapy via new mechanisms of action. In the absence of major pharmaceutical industry activity in tuberculosis drug development, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has supported the development of a high throughput screen for growth inhibitors of M. tuberculosis using a chemically diverse commercial library, a compound library available through the NIH Roadmap, Molecular Libraries Screening Center Network, and other compound sources. The rationale for these screens and suggested approaches for follow-up studies to identify compounds for advanced preclinical studies and as chemical probes of critical functions in M. tuberculosis, are discussed.
The relation between oxide degradation and oxide breakdown

A novel oxide stressing procedure is used to determine the relation between oxide degradation and oxide breakdown. Results suggest that the mechanism of oxide breakdown depends on the oxide thickness. In 5 and 7 nm oxides, electron trap generation correlates with oxide breakdown. In 10 nm oxide, positive charge trapping correlates with oxide breakdown.
Mass Shootings in Schools: The Worst Possible Case for Gun Control

The most frequent policy lesson drawn following the Columbine school shootings was the need for more gun controls. Review of the details of both Columbine and other contemporary school shootings indicates, however, that the specific gun control measures proposed in their aftermath were largely irrelevant and almost certainly could not have prevented the incidents or reduced their death tolls. These measures included restrictions on gun shows, child access prevention laws mandating locking up guns, and bans on assault weapons. Ironically, exploitation of school shootings for the advocacy of irrelevant gun controls may have obscured the genuine merits of various gun control measures for reducing “ordinary” gun violence. Thus, mass school shootings provided the worst possible basis for supporting gun control.
Adaptive Control: From Feedback to Debugging

I’m going to talk about control systems of the sort that ray colleagues work on, in this field called Artificial Intelligence. From this perspective, I tend to think about control in terms of knowledge. When you talk about tuning or hill climbing, the system is changing its state, and you can say that it knows different things after it’s got whatever it’s controlling under control. If you’re trying to have adaptive control, then the knowledge of the system keeps changing; and if you have expert control, which is the sort of thing one looks for in humans, then as the situation changes you learn general strategies for bringing about desired changes, so that long-term learning certainly can be seen.
Impact of VAR Support on Electricity Pricing in Voltage Stability Constrained OPF Market Model

In this paper a nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to maximize social welfare and the maximum distance to collapse point in an open power market using reactive support like static VAr compensator (SVC). The production and consumption costs of reactive power are included in the multi-objective OPF which are intended to provide proper market signals to the electricity market agents coupled with (N- 1) contingency criterion based on power flow sensitivity analysis. An index to find the optimal site for VAr support considering various technical and economical parameters is proposed. The weights for these parameters are computed through an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The impact of optimally placed SVC device on electricity spot prices, social welfare and congestion cost are studied.
Effects of oxytocin on behavioral and ERP measures of recognition memory for own-race and other-race faces in women and men

Summary Oxytocin has been shown to affect human social information processing including recognition memory for faces. Here we investigated the neural processes underlying the effect of oxytocin on memorizing own-race and other-race faces in men and women. In a placebocontrolled, double-blind, between-subject study, participants received either oxytocin or placebo before studying own-race and other-race faces. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during both the study and recognition phase to investigate neural correlates of oxytocin’s effect on memory encoding, memory retrieval, and perception. Oxytocin increased the accuracy of familiarity judgments in the recognition test. Neural correlates for this effect were found in ERPs related to memory encoding and retrieval but not perception. In contrast to its facilitating effects on familiarity, oxytocin impaired recollection judgments, but in men only. Oxytocin did not differentially affect own-race and other-race faces. This study shows that oxytocin influences memory, but not perceptual processes, in a face recognition task and is the first to reveal sex differences in the effect of oxytocin on face memory. Contrary to recent findings in oxytocin and moral decision making, oxytocin did not preferentially improve memory for own-race faces.
From mirror self-recognition to the looking-glass self: Exploring the Justification Hypothesis

In his Tree of Knowledge (ToK) System, Henriques (2003) posits that the human ego or "self" has evolved because human beings are the only animals that have had to justify their behavior to others. This essay provides evidence for this Justification Hypothesis (JH) from everyday life sociology, starting with the work of George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley, and focuses on research related to the concept of the "looking-glass self." Special emphasis is given to the pragmatics of speech acts, the presentation of self in interaction rituals, the accounts given by actors in justification of their actions, and the role of social norms and conformity in the large-scale justification systems commonly called "culture."
The Moderating Effects of Work-Family Role Combinations and Work-Family Organizational Culture on the Relationship Between Family-Friendly Workplace Supports and Job Satisfaction

This study determined whether work-family role combinations (i.e., work and elder care, work and child care, work and elder care and child care) and work-family culture significantly moderate the relationship between availability of workplace supports and job satisfaction. The data were obtained from the Families and Work Institute’s 1997 archival data set, the National Study of the Changing Workforce (NCSW). As predicted, the relationship between availability of workplace supports and job satisfaction varied depending on the type of work-family role combinations and levels of work-family culture. Specifically, the relationship was significant for the elder care work-family role combination, in that higher levels of workplace supports in unsupportive work-family cultures were associated with the greatest levels of job satisfaction. In addition, it was found that a supportive work-family culture and an increase in workplace supports were related to a slight decrease in job satisfaction for the elder care w...
Aflibercept and Its Role in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer -- Letter

We enjoyed the informative review by Ciombor and colleagues ([1][1]) on ziv-aflibercept®, an intravenously administered antiangiogenic drug that inhibits VEGF and placental growth factor (PIGF). Aflibercept in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI) is U.S. Food and Drug
“the burdens of urban history”: Comment

How, if at all, can studies of the city help us understand the distinctive qualities of the American regime? In “The Burdens of Urban History,” which refines and elaborates his earlier paper “The Problem of the Political in Recent American Urban History,” Terrence McDonald, a historian who has written on urban fiscal policy and conflict, argues that students of the city have focused their work too narrowly on bosses and machines, patronage and pluralism. In so doing, they have obscured other bases of politics and conflict, and, trapped by liberal categories of analysis, they have perpetuated a self-satisfied, even celebratory, portrait of American politics and society. This unfortunate directionality to urban research in some measure has been unwitting because historians and social scientists have been unreflective about the genealogies, and mutual borrowings, of their disciplines. Even recent critical scholarship in the new social history and in the social sciences under the banner of “bringing the state back in” suffers from these defects. As a result, these treatments of state and society relationships, and of the themes that appear under the rubric of American “exceptionalism,” are characterized by an epistemological mish-mash, a contraction of analytical vision, and an unintended acquiescence in the self-satisfied cheerleading of the academy that began in the postwar years.