cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding How Patients Form Beliefs About Pharmacists’ Trustworthiness Using a Model of Belief Processing

Objective To determine what information people use in forming beliefs about pharmacists’ trustworthiness and to determine whether these pieces of information can be categorized using elements of a model of belief processing. Design Participants in two focus groups were asked about the trustworthiness of pharmacists in one dispensing scenario and two pharmaceutical care scenarios. Transcripts were analyzed, and each piece of information provided was coded as an evidence statement or a claim, according to a model of belief processing. Setting University campus. Participants University staff and students. Main Outcome Measures Information used to form beliefs about pharmacists’ trustworthiness and classification of the information using constructs from the model of belief processing. Results Coders identified 92 evidence statements and 19 claims. An evaluation of the data across the scenarios using predetermined criteria showed 20 evidence statements and 11 claims to be the most salient pieces of information used to form beliefs about pharmacists’ trustworthiness. In considering the pharmaceutical care scenarios, participants focused more on communication and interpersonal skills when forming a trustworthiness belief. The information could be categorized as evidence statements or claims, which are parts of arguments as described by a model of belief processing. Conclusion The study participants used the pharmacists’ credentials, communication skills, personableness, and appearance to form trustworthiness beliefs. Overall, they wanted pharmacists to be honest, knowledgeable, and caring. Variables used to form trustworthiness beliefs represent different levels of abstraction that can be detected and coded using a model of belief processing.
Small Signal Stability Of A Microgrid With Parallel Connected Distributed Generation

Abstract Distributed Generation, or DG, involves utilization of small generators that are distributed in a power network, to supply the electric power demands of utility customers. This paper presents the small signal analysis of droop based generation control schemes for pazallel connected DG inverters comprising of active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage controllers. Small-signal models aze developed for microgrids consisting of several DGs connected in a parallel configuration. Mathematical propositions that develop sufficiency conditions for stability of the system are developed.
PREDICTING LONG‐TERM FIREFIGHTER PERFORMANCE FROM COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL ABILITY MEASURES

Firefighters from 1 academy training class were observed for 23 years, beginning with their selection test consisting of a g-saturated written exam (GCA) and firefighting simulations loaded on a strength/endurance (SE) factor. Operational validity coefficients for both GCA and SE were high for training success and remained consistently high for job performance ratings throughout the study. The operational validity for combined GCA and SE predictors was .86 for a composite job rating measure covering 21 years of service. A structural model produced similar results for more broadly defined GCA and SE latent variables. Both analyses suggested approximately equal weighting for GCA and SE for a fire service selection test. Results indicate considerable latitude in choosing cognitive and physical predictors for firefighter screening if the predictors are highly loaded on GCA and SE.
ANALYSIS OF CATEGORICAL TIME-SERIES TEXT RECALL DATA USING A CONNECTIONIST MODEL

Categorical time-series are generated by discrete-time probabilistic dynamical systems which can only be in one of a small number of finite states at any given instant in time. A novel statistical methodology based upon log-linear modelling is proposed for analyzing categorical time-series data which allows one to incorporate a considerable amount of prior knowledge directly into the data analysis. The statistical model can be shown to be formally equivalent to a connectionist (i.e., artificial neural network) model, Methods for model selection and hypothesis testing using the new statistical model for samples with large numbers of observations are then developed using asymptotic statistical theory. To illustrate this new method of categorical time-series data analysis, the model is applied to the analysis of text free recall data from children and adults. These analyses indicated that the model can successfully use the order of recalled text propositions to discriminate among alternative theories of prior knowledge and alternative treatment conditions. The reliability of the large sample statistical tests were also checked using a boot-strap methodology and found to be acceptable.
Molecular Simulations of the Interlamellar Phase in Polymers: Effect of Chain Tilt

Semicrystalline polymers exhibit metastable interphases, which must simultaneously accommodate molecular connectivity and disorder across the interlamellar phase. Off-lattice molecular simulations, previously used to study the {001} interphase in freely rotating chains, are used here to study the interlamellar phases between the {101}, {201}, and {502} crystal facets (polymer chains tilted to the lamellar normal by 19°, 34.4°, and 41°, respectively). The order-to-disorder transition from the crystal to the amorphous region occurs with an interface approximately 10−12 A thick, for all cases studied. The interfacial potential energies for the {101}, {201}, and {502} facets are computed to be 100, 70, and 90 mJ/m2, respectively, compared to 140 mJ/m2 for the {001} facet. The topology in the interlamellar phase shifts away from tight folding as the tilt angle of the chains exiting the crystal increases. Whereas [110] loops dominate the {001} interface, loop reentry along [200] and [310] directions is more com...
Cell migration at the interface of a dual chemical-mechanical gradient.

Cell migration plays a critical role in numerous physiological processes, such as wound healing, response to inflammation, and cancer metastasis. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that cell movement is regulated not only by chemical signals but also by mechanical stimuli. In this study, the primary goal is to identify whether a chemical or mechanical stimulus plays the decisive role in directing cell migration. Measuring the motility of cells when they are presented with a combination of chemical and mechanical cues will provide insight into the complex physiological phenomena that guide and direct migration. A novel polyacrylamide hydrogel was designed with an interfacial region where the chemical and mechanical properties varied in opposing directions. One side of the interface was stiff (high Young’s modulus) with a low protein concentration, whereas the other side of the interface was compliant (low Young’s modulus) with a high protein concentration. The chemical gradient was created by...
Arthritis of the Trapezial Articulations Treated by Prosthetic Replacement

This paper reviews experience with thirty-six trapezial replacements over a period of six years. The indications for replacement are given, the group of patients analysed and the technique outlined, with particular attention given to tendinous reinforcement of the capsular repair. The results with regard to pain, dislocation and other complications are recorded. The causes of dislocation and its prevention are discussed.
Hot and cold, nuclear and neutron matter

We report variational calculations of the equation of state of hot and cold, nuclear and neutron matter. The calculations cover a wide density range of interest in heavy-ion collisions and astrophysics. The “hot” calculations are limited to temperatures less than 20 MeV. A realistic nuclear hamiltonian that contains two- and three-nucleon interactions and fits the nucleon-nucleon scattering, as well as nuclear matter data, is used. Neutron star structure calculations are reported and their sensitivity to the three-neutron interactipn is examined. The liquid-vapor phase equilibrium, as well as the behavior of the effective mass in nuclear matter is discussed.
Dynamic adiabatic shear band development in a bimetallic body containing a void

Abstract We study the problem of the initiation and subsequent growth of a shear band in a thermally softening viscoplaslic prismatic body of square cross-section and containing two symmetrically placed thin layers of a different viscoplastic material and an elliptical void at the center. The yield stress of the material of the thin layer in a quasistatic simple compression test is taken to be either five times or one-fifth that of the matrix material. The body is deformed in plane strain compression at a nominal strain rate of 5.000 s '. These deformations are assumed to be symmetrical about the centroidal axes. It is found that shear bands initiate from the ends of the major axes of the ellipsoidal void and propagate in the direction of the maximum shear stress. These bands are arrested by the strong virtually rigid material of the thin layer, but pass through the weaker material of the thin layer rather easily. Other shear bands originale from points where the thin layers meet the free boundaries and propagate inio the matrix material along the direction ol maximum shearing when the material of the thin layer is stronger, but propagate into the thin layer when its maleriul is weaker than the matrix material. Tlie band in the weaker material of the thin layer bifurcates into two hands that propagate into the matrix material in the direction of the maximum shearing stress.
Self-synchronization of 100-Gbit/s TDM packets using a semiconductor laser amplifier and an intensity discriminator

Using a semiconductor laser amplifier followed by an intensity discriminator, we demonstrate packet clock extraction from a 100-Gbit/s eight-bit packet where the first pulse is 20 dB higher than the remaining bits. This extracted pulse can be used to process high-speed packets with low timing jitter within each packet frame. Previous demonstrations of self-synchronization have involved marker pulses at different wavelengths, polarization, intensity, or bit period. Our scheme allows all pulses in the packet to be identical, which simplifies packet generation and propagation in high-speed TDM systems.
A console for the interactive on-line administration of psychological tests

A computer controlled console for on-line psychological testing of psychiatric patients is described. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Kelly Role Construct Repertory Test are computer administered using three visual, one auditory, and two response modes. Test data are analyzed, interpreted, and incorporated into a program-written psychological report. Benefits and other applications from such a system are noted.
Environmental factors associated with proteolytic activity of estuarine bacteria.

Abstract The effects of various parameters on the extracellular hydrolysis of protein by salt marsh bacteria were examined using an agar plate assay technique. Maximum activity was observed at pH 8 and 18 C. Elimination of salts and nutrients from the growth media had little effect on activity; while, incubation in a reduced oxygen atmosphere markedly restricted proteolysis by laboratory stocks and random isolates. The availability of oxygen appeared to be one of the important factors controlling extracellular protease production by salt marsh bacteria.
Human Factors Principles Underlying Glyph Design: A Review of the Literature and an Agenda for Future Research

Glyphs are graphical icons that depict multivariate data and are used by a number of disparate fields. Their designs are varied, reflecting both the diversity of applications and the absence of design standards. In the absence of guidelines, glyph designers have relied on their intuition and expert opinion to develop a diverse collection of idiosyncratic techniques for representing complex data sets. Importantly, it is not clear whether glyph design schemes are in any way optimal for efficient perceptual interpretation and usage. We note several findings in the perception and cognition literature that may serve as an initial basis for guidelines, we discuss how they might be used and the importance of doing so. Additionally, the dynamic updating of information in glyphs is a new trend that makes this kind of optimization necessary now more than has been in the past.
Bent chert tubes in the Phosphoria Formation of Wyoming: Pressure solution strain markers

Tubular chert in the Phosphoria Formation in the Gros Ventre Mountains of Wyoming appears to have been deformed by pressure solution during the flexural-slip folding of the Gros Ventre uplift. We suggest that these chert tubes can be used as strain markers. The tubes are 0.4 to 1.2 m in length and 5 to 12 cm in diameter, and are bent where they occur in two concentrated zones which parallel bedding. The orientation of the bent chert tubes is regionally consistent. The tubes plunge to the northeast in the direction of bedding-plane dip at an angle greater than dip. This is the orientation that would be produced by shear parallel to bedding on the northeast limb of the northwest-trending Gros Ventre anticline. Pressure solution is indicated by the truncation of concentric bands by the walls of the tubes observed in cross sections. The tubes are not bend by soft-sediment deformation or the action of paleocurrents. A value of maximum shear strain of {gamma} {approximately} 1.5 and a maximum volume loss of 46% is obtained by treating the zones of bent chert tubes as shear zones.
On the specific heat of KDP in the vicinity of the ferroelectric transition

Abstract Stephenson's specific heat data on KH 2 PO 4 is analyzed in the vicinity of the ferroelectric Curie temperature and found to exhibit a (T c − T) − 1 2 variation for T c suggesting an enhancement of classical behavior in comparison with the weaker singularity generally observed in gaseous or magnetic systems.
Online detection of utility cloud anomalies using metric distributions

The online detection of anomalies is a vital element of operations in data centers and in utility clouds like Amazon EC2. Given ever-increasing data center sizes coupled with the complexities of systems software, applications, and workload patterns, such anomaly detection must operate automatically, at runtime, and without the need for prior knowledge about normal or anomalous behaviors. Further, detection should function for different levels of abstraction like hardware and software, and for the multiple metrics used in cloud computing systems. This paper proposes EbAT - Entropy-based Anomaly Testing - offering novel methods that detect anomalies by analyzing for arbitrary metrics their distributions rather than individual metric thresholds. Entropy is used as a measurement that captures the degree of dispersal or concentration of such distributions, aggregating raw metric data across the cloud stack to form entropy time series. For scalability, such time series can then be combined hierarchically and across multiple cloud subsystems. Experimental results on utility cloud scenarios demonstrate the viability of the approach. EbAT outperforms threshold-based methods with on average 57.4% improvement in accuracy of anomaly detection and also does better by 59.3% on average in false alarm rate with a ‘near-optimum’ threshold-based method.
Time-Dependent Mechanism Reliability Analysis With Envelope Functions and First-Order Approximation

This work develops an envelope approach to time-dependent mechanism reliability defined in a period of time where a certain motion output is required. Since the envelope function of the motion error is not explicitly related to time, the time-dependent problem can be converted into a time-independent problem. The envelope function is approximated by piecewise hyperplanes. To find the expansion points for the hyperplanes, the approach linearizes the motion error at the means of random dimension variables, and this approximation is accurate because the tolerances of the dimension variables are small. The expansion points are found with the maximum probability density at the failure threshold. The time-dependent mechanism reliability is then estimated by a multivariable normal distribution at the expansion points. As an example, analytical equations are derived for a four-bar function generating mechanism. The numerical example shows the significant accuracy improvement.
Beyond the binary: (trans)gender narratives and class distinction in Rituparno Ghosh’s later films

This essay will examine how the later films featuring or directed by Ghosh, with Arekti Premer Golpo (Just Another Love Story) onwards, oscillate and negotiate between two distinct narratives of (trans)gender identification, one based on a binary model of gender, and the other on a ternary model. The essay will argue that both these models are foundationally constituted through a class-/caste-restricted access to bourgeois modernity and enlightenment. The first model is of a woman in a (wrongly) male body, necessitating the external transition from ‘male’ to ‘female’ body. This model, corresponding to the biomedical discourse of transsexuality, has a relatively recent genealogy in the Bengali media and particularly in the much-publicized transition narratives of two trans women, Manobi Bandyopadhyay and Tista Das. In contradistinction to this narrative, Ghosh draws on an older narrative of thirdness and gender liminality – in distinction from, rather than in transition between, both genders – which is oft...
Field-effect transistor (FET) bibliography 1967, 1968

This bibliography covers the years 1967 and 1968. It is a continuation of the field-effect transistor bibliography printed in the IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. ED-14, pp. 710-717, October 1967, covering the years from 1939-1966, and 28 references for 1967. For the sake of completeness, the aforementioned 28 references have been included in the present bibliography.
Flow differentiation within leopard rock dikes, Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming

Locally along their strike, several mafic dikes from the Bighorn Mountains contain leopard rock interiors which consist of closely-spaced, commonly ellipsoidal or subspherical, cracked and resorbed plagioclase (An 64–75) phenocrysts typically 5–8 cm in maximum dimensions. The leopard rock groundmass is petrographically and mineralogically identical to the nonporphyritic tholeiitic dolerite which occurs as uniformly thick tabular bodies on both flanks of the leopard rock interior. The boundary between the flanking and interior facies is marked by a rapid but gradational increase in phenocryst concentration toward the dike center. The data indicate that leopard rock is formed by axial segregation of calcic plagioclase phenocrysts within a single body of ascending phenocryst-rich magma via flow differentiation. Flow differentiation is probably related. to the creation of a grain dispersive pressure due to mechanical interactions between phenocrysts.
The Provisional Homecomer

The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze the homecomer as a phenomenon in a manner not considered by Schutz (1964) in his essay ‘The Homecomer.’ In that paper, Schutz cites the work of Wolf who considered the traveler who comes back from foreign countries, the emigrant who returns to his native land, the boy who made good abroad, as homecomers who are home ‘for good.’ On the other hand, he categorizes the soldier who returns on a thirty-day period and the college boy spending Christmas vacation with his family as homecomers who are on a ‘temporary stay.’ Schutz selects the returning veteran and focuses on this as an outstanding example of the homecomer who comes home for good. Consequently, homecomers who are home for a temporary stay are not considered in the discussion.
Prognostic factors and outcome of recurrence in childhood acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND. Outcome after recurrence of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor. We performed this study to identify prognostic factors for recurrence and for survival after recurrence of AML. METHODS. The clinical characteristics, biological features, treatment modalities, and outcomes of children with de novo AML who were enrolled on 3 consecutive clinical protocols from 1987 to 2002 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital were studied. Regression modeling was used to identify prognostic factors for recurrence and for survival after recurrence. RESULTS. The outcome after recurrence was poor, with a 5-year survival estimate of only 23.3% ± 5.7%. Multivariable analysis indicated that male sex (P = .005), autologous stem cell transplant before recurrence (P = .097), each additional month from diagnosis to recurrence (P = .041), and stem cell transplant after recurrence (P < .001) were associated with a better survival after recurrence, whereas M5 or M7 morphology (P = .001) were significantly predictive of a lower survival estimate after recurrence. CONCLUSIONS. Survival after recurrence was poor in children with AML. Novel therapies are urgently needed to prevent or to treat recurring AML. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Time to burn: Flight delay, terminal efficiency, and fuel consumption in the National Airspace System

Abstract Improved Air Traffic Management (ATM) leading to reduced en route and gate delay, greater predictability in flight planning, and reduced terminal inefficiencies has a role to play in reducing aviation fuel consumption. Air navigation service providers are working to quantify this role to help prioritize and justify ATM modernization efforts. In the following study we analyze actual flight-level fuel consumption data reported by a major U.S. based airline to study the possible fuel savings from ATM improvements that allow flights to better adhere to their planned trajectories both en route and in the terminal area. To do so we isolate the contribution of airborne delay, departure delay, excess planned flight time, and terminal area inefficiencies on fuel consumption using econometric techniques. The model results indicate that, for two commonly operated aircraft types, the system-wide averages of flight fuel consumption attributed to ATM delay and terminal inefficiencies are 1.0–1.5% and 1.5–4.5%, respectively. We quantify the fuel impact of predicted delay to be 10–20% that of unanticipated delay, reinforcing the role of flight plan predictability in reducing fuel consumption. We rank terminal areas by quantifying a Terminal Inefficiency metric based on the variation in terminal area fuel consumed across flights. Our results help prioritize ATM modernization investments by quantifying the trade-offs in planned and unplanned delays and identifying terminal areas with high potential for improvement.
Age- and Density-Dependent Prophylaxis in the Migratory, Cannibalistic Mormon Cricket Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

As a result of the increased potential for disease transmission, insects are predicted to show an increased constitutive immunity when crowded. Cannibalistic aggressive interactions further increase the risk of wounding and pathogen transmission in crowds. Nymphal Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex Haldeman were collected in Montana and reared in the laboratory either solitarily or at densities similar to that experienced by Mormon crickets in migratory bands. As teneral adults, solitarily-reared Mormon crickets tended to have greater phenoloxidase activity than those reared in groups. Sampling enzyme activity a second time when the adults were nearing reproductive maturity, group-reared Mormon crickets had elevated levels of prophenoloxidase and encapsulated foreign objects faster than solitarily-reared insects. Rearing density did not have a significant effect on either the darkness of the cuticle or antibacterial activity. This is the first report of age-related responses of adult insect immunity to crowding.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimers as Selective Uptake Devices: Phenol Blue Versus Nile Red

Selectivity of amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM-AT) dendrimers as host molecules for phenol blue and Nile red guests was investigated using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Phenol blue has been known to associate near the core in the PAMAM-AT dendrimers. Nile red has also been shown to associate with this dendrimer family; however, this occurs in the outermost branches. Concentration ratios and generational dependencies were investigated. It was found that phenol blue was sequestered in the PAMAM-AT dendrimers in the presence of the interfering Nile red, and this association appeared to be the same as that of PAMAM-AT with phenol blue alone. As the concentration of Nile red increased relative to the concentration of phenol blue, the desired association of phenol blue became increasingly hindered. While the presence of Nile red did affect association, phenol blue still had considerable association even when Nile red was in ten-fold excess. The association of phenol blue with PAMAM-AT was stable and robust; however, Nile red's association was relatively weak and unstable.
Stability of Some Bactericidal Chlorine-Liberating Compounds in Special Ointment Bases

A comparison is made of the stability of three chlorine-liberating compounds: dichloramine-T, chloroazodin, and trichloromelamine, in four anhygous ointment vehicles of relatively nonreactive character-white petrolatum, a silicone gel, a halogenated hydrocarbon, and a mineral oil gelled by polyethylene. Two dispersing agents–glyceryl triacetate and polyoxyethylene glycol 1000 dilaurate—were employed. When dispersed in glyceryl triacetate, chloroazodin appears most stable in the halogenated hydrocarbon and the gelled mineral oil bases, and only slightly less stable in the silicone gel. Trichloromelamine and dichloramine-T appear most stable in the halogenated hydrocarbon base. Of the chemically stable ointments, only those containing chloroazodin showed significant zones of inhibition in the filter disk method when tested against M. pyogenes var. aureus, S. typhosa, and E. coli.
Hydroxyurea potentiation of the antineoplastic activity of cyclophosphamide and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-M-anisidide (AMSA) in the brown Norway rat myelocytic leukemia model.

The activities of hydroxyurea (HU), 4′-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-M-anisidide (AMSA) and cyclophosphamide (CY) were examined in the brown Norway rat myelocytic leukemia model in experiments designed to determine the synergy, optimal drug sequencing, and therapeutic index of combinations of these agents. A single dose of CY or four consecutive daily doses of AMSA produced increased survival in leukemic rats, with a positive-slope dose-response curve up to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). HU at 1/2 MTD produced a minimal antileukemic effect but significantly potentiated the antineoplastic activity of 1/2 MTD of CY or AMSA with no significant toxic death rate. Drug-sequence experiments demonstrated that maximal synergy was achieved when HU was given immediately after CY but immediately before or during AMSA administration. No significant cure rate was seen with any CY/HU or HU/AMSA sequence. The three drugs given in the sequence of CY followed 3 days later by HU and AMSA simultaneously, however, was curative in the majority of rats with advanced leukemia, whereas other sequences were more toxic or less effective. Each of the drugs in these experiments was given at 1/2 of its single-agent MTD. HU significantly potentiates the antineoplastic effect of CY and AMSA in a drug-sequence-dependent manner in this model, apparently with an improved therapeutic index.
Perceived Quality of Life: A Neglected Component of Adolescent Health Assessment and Intervention.

The contribution of the construct of perceived quality of life (PQOL) to adolescent health assessment and promotion is discussed. Theory, measurement, and correlates of PQOL in adolescence are reviewed, with a focus on the incremental validity of PQOL data in relationship to more traditional pathology-based health indices. Similar to Diener's proposal [1], which pertained exclusively to adults, we call for the inclusion of PQOL data in national databases that monitor adolescent health outcomes.
Fiber optic gyroscopes and the accomplishments of the DARPA-sponsored GPS guidance package program

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Guidance Package (GGP) Program developed an affordable, navigation-grade, miniature guidance package based on a tightly coupled, integrated combination of a Miniature GPS Receiver (MGR) and miniature Inertial Navigation System (INS) including associated processors and Adaptable Interface Unit (AIU) functions. The GGP INS used Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (IFOGs) and micro-machined silicon accelerometers. Several key challenges were met by the GGP Program. The first key challenge and the focus of this paper is the development of the navigation grade IFOGs. These gyroscopes, with a drift requirement of less than or equal to 0.01 degree per hour, enable pure inertial navigation at or less than 1 nautical mile per hour error growth. Also, IFOGS offered the potential for low cost by avoiding the precision optics assemblies of in-production navigation grade Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs). The success in producing the IFOG was greatly benefited by a companion program: the Flexible IFOG Manufacturability Program. This program involved developing machinery for automated assembly in areas such as integrated optical circuits, fiber couplers, solid state light sources and precision fiber coil winding. The successes of this program resulted in reducing fabrication time, increasing performance, increasing yield and reducing cost. For example IFOG fabrication process time for one system contractor was reduced from eight days to 12 hours by automating the coil winding. This enabled not only the timely production of gyros wound with more than 1000 meters of fiber for GGP but also enabled a lasting manufacturability legacy for future INSs.
Diagnostic Imaging Strategies in Small Animal Nephrology

The diagnostic imaging methods most readily available to the private practitioner are survey radiography, radiographic contrast procedures, and ultrasonography. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques are available at referral centers. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods as well as the favored strategies of the authors in their utilization for the diagnosis of renal disorders in the cat and dog are discussed.
Food insecurity and disability: Do economic resources matter?

Abstract This research examines the relationship between work disability and food insecurity, and tests whether the positive association between disability and food insecurity is accounted for by two mechanisms: economic resources and/or competing consumption needs. A sample ( N = 6997) is chosen from the 1999 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) with over 1200 households headed by people with disabilities. Findings support both mechanisms but depending on the levels of food insecurity and the types of family economic resources, their success at explaining the relationship of disability with food insecurity varies. In addition, we find that household assets are more effective than income in protecting people with disabilities against food insecurity. Implications for disability policy and food assistance programs are discussed.
Ammonia inhibition on thermophilic anaerobic digestion

This study evaluated both chronic and acute toxicity of ammonia in thermophilic anaerobic digestion of synthetic wastewater over a range of acclimation concentrations. The inhibition effects of ammonia, in terms of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), under various pH values and acclimation conditions on thermophilic aceticlastic methanogens were investigated. Completely mixed thermophilic anaerobic reactors operated at a chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 4 g/lday and a solid retention time (SRT) of 7 days were subjected to TAN concentrations of 0.40, 1.20, 3.05, 4.92, and 5.77 g/l. The reactor operations presented a case of chronic inhibition and it was observed that TAN concentrations of 4.92 and 5.77 g/l caused a drop in methane production by as much as 39% and 64%, respectively with respect to control. Batch anaerobic toxicity assays (ATA) were also performed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of TAN and pH on methanogenesis at thermophilic condition. Modeling based on the results of ATA indicated that aceticlastic methanogens acclimated to high concentrations of TAN were less sensitive to increase in TAN and could tolerate wider pH ranges. TAN concentration causing 100% inhibition occurred in the range of 8-13 g/l, depending on acclimation condition and system pH.
The history and evolution of Maize

(1988). The history and evolution of Maize. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 197-220.
Independent Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Vigorous Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index on Clinical Gallbladder Disease Risk

Independent Effects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Vigorous Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index on Clinical Gallbladder Disease Risk
A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations

Abstract Lack of research regarding destination brand measurement indicates that conceptualizing how tourists evaluate a destination brand is complex. This study examined empirical information to develop a destination brand model by employing customer-based brand equity models through a scale purification process, ensuring its reliability and validity. The proposed model and the alternative model were tested with an online survey sample of Las Vegas and Atlantic City visitors. The results provide support for the concept of customer-based brand equity and corroborate its application to the destination context. However, multi-sample invariance tests implied that destination-specific items should be considered when developing a destination brand model.
Early Glimmers of the Now Familiar Ethnomethodological Themes in Garfinkel’s “The Perception of the Other”

Garfinkel’s dissertation, “The Perception of the Other,” was completed and defended 15 years prior to the publication of Studies in Ethnomethodology. This essay seeks hints of the familiar ethnomethodological themes (indexicality, reflexivity, accountability) within his thesis. It begins by examining the contributions of earlier social theorists, particularly Talcott Parsons and Alfred Schutz, to Garfinkel’s thought. It then examines the dissertation itself seeking evidence to support the claim that Garfinkel was already moving in the direction of an ‘incommensurable, asymmetric, and alternate’ program of sociological inquiry well before the term ‘ethnomethodology’ had even been coined.
Remarkably efficient hydrolysis of methylparathion catalyzed by [2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-C,N]palladium(II) complexes.

The reaction of the palladium(II) acetate derivative [Pd(N∧C)(OAc)]2 (N∧C = (NC5H4-2-C6H4(C2,N) or (2-(2-pyridyl)-phenyl-C,N)) with methylparathion and water in THF leads to the formation of [Pd(N∧C)(μ-SP(O)(OCH3)2)]2 (1), which reacts with PPh3 in THF to afford mononuclear complex [Pd(N∧C)(SP(O)(OCH3)2)(PPh3)] (2). Compounds 1 and 2 have been characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy; elemental analysis; and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. When dissolved in water, 1 serves as a precatalyst for the hydrolysis of methylparathion. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies suggest that compound 1 dissociates in aqueous solution to afford cationic diaqua complex [Pd(N∧C)(OH2)2]+ (A). At basic pH, A is converted into its deprotonated form [Pd(N∧C)(OH2)(OH)] (B), which dimerizes to afford a dinuclear complex, presumably [Pd(N∧C)(μ-OH)]2 (C). At pH 7, the reaction is first order in substrate and first order in palladium catalyst A, with k2 = 146 ± 9 M-1 s-1 at 303 K. At more-basic pH, the reaction rate increa...
USE OF PHOTOREACTIVE SOL-GEL INTERFACES TO FORM ROBUST LOW-SURFACE-ENERGY FLUOROPOLYMER-SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS

A new method for the formation of tightly bound, low-surface-energy nanocomposite coatings on glass and other hydroxylated surfaces is reported. This technique involves the initial deposition of a porous vanadia−silica sol−gel thin film on the surface of the substrate. These coatings act as reactive interfaces for the photopolymerization of vinyl monomers. Using this interface, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2)−silica nanocomposite coatings on quartz were fabricated. These coatings were found to be extremely robust and yielded a surface whose energy was close to that of pure PVF2.
The Identification and Characterization of Breast Cancer CTCs Competent for Brain Metastasis

Brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) is uniformly fatal and increasing in frequency. Despite its devastating outcome, mechanisms causing BMBC remain largely unknown. The mechanisms that implicate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic disease, notably in BMBC, remain elusive. We characterize CTCs isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with breast cancer and also develop CTC lines from three of these patients. In epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-negative CTCs, we identified a potential signature of brain metastasis comprising "brain metastasis selected markers (BMSMs)" HER2+ / EGFR+ / HPSE+ / Notch1+. These CTCs, which are not captured by the CellSearch platform because of their EpCAM negativity, were analyzed for cell invasiveness and metastatic competency in vivo. CTC lines expressing the BMSM signature were highly invasive and capable of generating brain and lung metastases when xenografted in nude mice. Notably, increased brain metastatic capabilities, frequency, and quantitation were detected in EpCAM- CTCs overexpressing the BMSM signature. The presence of proteins of the BMSM CTC signature was also detected in the metastatic lesions of animals. Collectively, we provide evidence of isolation, characterization, and long-term culture of human breast cancer CTCs, leading to the description of a BMSM protein signature that is suggestive of CTC metastatic competency to the brain.
The role of HOX genes in malignant myeloid disease.

Purpose of reviewThe Hox family of homeodomain transcription factors plays an important role in regulating definitive hematopoiesis. Recent studies indicate that a common characteristic of poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia is dysregulated expression of a key group of these Hox proteins. The purp
Globalizing Disaster Trauma: Psychiatry, Science, and Culture after the Kobe Earthquake

In January of 1995 a massive earthquake struck the city of Kobe, Japan. This article examines how this event became an opportunity for extending global networks of the science and medicine of trauma. The article is based on ethnographic research in Kobe and Los Angeles with psychiatrists who responded to the earthquake in its immediate aftermath. Three aspects of the process are examined: 1) changes in psychiatric institutions that were ongoing at the time of the earthquake, 2) the place of psychiatry in Japanese cultural self-criticism, and 3) the particular technologies for identifying and treating trauma. Globalization in this case cannot be seen as an imposition of Western cultural forms, but rather an ongoing process that reproduces differences between cultures as particular elements travel between them.
Terminal Pleistocene wet event recorded in rock varnish from Las Vegas Valley, southern Nevada

Analyses of rock varnish samples from latest Pleistocene alluvial-fan surfaces in Las Vegas Valley, southern Nevada, reveal replicable lamination patterns that are characterized by low-Mn orange surface layers and high-Mn dark basal layers. Radiocarbon dating from beneath the sampled alluvial-fan surfaces suggests that the Mn-rich basal layers accumulated during a short wet phase 10‐11 14C ka when extensive black mats were deposited throughout the region, and paleolake records in the Great Basin also indicate wet conditions during this time period. In contrast, the Mn-poor orange surface layers formed under relatively dry conditions in the Holocene. Thus, these varnish microlaminations are connected with environmental fluctuations that appear to be related to climate change. Evidence from Las Vegas Valley, together with that from Death Valley and the Mojave Desert, suggests that the deposition of these Mn-rich dark basal layers in rock varnish likely corresponded in time to the terminal Pleistocene Younger Dryas-aged wet event in the Great Basin. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Coping with Ambivalence: The Effect of Removing a Neutral Option on Consumer Attitude and Preference Judgments

This article examines how the exclusion of a neutral or fence-sitting option changes an expressed attitude or preference judgment. Over a series of six studies, we find that the exclusion of a neutral response option (1) affects the judgment of extreme options (strong positive and negative features) more significantly than the judgment of options that are average on all features, (2) results in respondents favoring the option superior on the more important attribute, and (3) results in more risk aversion. We also provide evidence for the underlying process and show that our findings are moderated by individual differences on need for cognition and tolerance for ambiguity.
Spatial grouping of United States climate stations using a hybrid clustering approach

The development of a hybrid clustering technique based on the geographic proximity of observing stations and some application-driven measure of statistical similarity (in this case rank correlation) is described. The procedure is then applied to temperature and precipitation data from the United States (US) Historical Climatology Network. The resulting station groups provide some insight into the number of observation stations that are necessary to monitor adequately the climate of the US. Based on temperature data alone, a 287-station subset of the original 1145 sites would be adequate to account for 80% of the spatial variability in seasonal temperature across the US. Geographically the distribution of these stations would be relatively sparse in the centre of the country with higher station density along the East Coast and from the Rocky Mountains to the West Coast. Generally, the temperature clusters match the existing US climate divisions to some extent. To monitor adequately the spatial variability of precipitation, a network of similar size could be used. However, such a network would only account for 65% of the spatial variability in precipitation. In this case, fairly uniform station density is indicated across the country with the highest station density in Florida and the Dakotas. A similar number of stations, but with slightly different geographic groupings would be adequate to monitor precipitation and temperature simultaneously. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Thinking Outside the Box: Engaging Critical Geographic Information Systems Theory, Practice and Politics in Human Geography

Over the past decade or more, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been re-imagined and reconfigured through critical GIS research and practice, as scholars and activist have sought new ways of engaging GIS beyond its characterization in the 1990s as a rationalist and rationalizing tool. Where many existing discussions of the contributions of critical GIS have focused on its position and impacts in GIScience, here I review recent work in critical GIS with an eye toward highlighting its contributions and possibilities in critical human geography. This study examines the theorizations, epistemological frameworks, and methodological innovations are enabling human geographers to engage with GIS, cartography, and geovisual methods in their work in creative ways. I begin by unpacking the ‘critical’ in critical GIS, illustrating how it has drawn upon theory and politics from critical theory to offer a series of key reconceptualizations of GIS and its knowledge-making repertoire. Then, I illustrate the ever-diversifying ways in which critical GIS theory and practice are being woven into geographers’ research and activism.
Continual counseling intervention: Lifetime support for the family with a handicapped member

Abstract Every family is distinct and idiosyncratic, a combination of various personality traits, roles, and communication styles. Affective issues and dynamics of parenting become more intricate and demanding due to the additional stress of raising a handicapped child. Changes of routine and shifts in responsibilities are necessary for the child's care. Experiences in caring for a handicapped child are developmental and continuous. The literature comprehensively documents the adaptation process. Adequate research design, however, is lacking in studies of specific counseling techniques and their effectiveness. Since few parents know instinctively how to compensate for the disabled link in the family system, strategic and sustained counseling relationships provide information, support, and stability. Families with handicapped members need help, structure, and information to reorganize their lives toward positive adaptation. Counseling support services, through difficult and pleasurable times, may be one me...
Reducing the duration of untreated psychosis and its impact in the U.S.: the STEP-ED study

Early intervention services for psychotic disorders optimally interlock strategies to deliver: (i) Early Detection (ED) to shorten the time between onset of psychotic symptoms and effective treatment (i.e. Duration of Untreated Psychosis, DUP); and (ii) comprehensive intervention during the subsequent 2 to 5 years. In the latter category, are teams (‘First-episode Services’ or FES) that integrate several empirically supported treatments and adapt their delivery to younger patients and caregivers. There is an urgent need to hasten access to established FES in the U.S. Despite improved outcomes for those in treatment, these FES routinely engage patients a year or more after psychosis onset. The Scandinavian TIPS study was able to effectively reduce DUP in a defined geographic catchment. The guiding questions for this study are: can a U.S. adaptation of the TIPS approach to ED substantially reduce DUP and improve outcomes beyond existing FES? The primary aim is to determine whether ED can reduce DUP in the US, as compared to usual detection. ED will be implemented by one FES (STEP) based in southern Connecticut, and usual detection efforts will continue at a comparable FES (PREPR) serving the greater Boston metropolitan area. The secondary aim is to determine whether DUP reduction can improve presentation, engagement and early outcomes in FES care. A quasi-experimental design will compare the impact of ED on DUP at STEP compared to PREPR over 3 successive campaign years. The campaign will deploy 3 components that seek to transform pathways to care in 8 towns surrounding STEP. Social marketing approaches will inform a public education campaign to enable rapid and effective help-seeking behavior. Professional outreach and detailing to a wide variety of care providers, including those in the healthcare, educational and judicial sectors, will facilitate rapid redirection of appropriate patients to STEP. Finally, performance improvement measures within STEP will hasten engagement upon referral. STEP-ED will test an ED campaign adapted to heterogeneous U.S. pathways to care while also improving our understanding of these pathways and their impact on early outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02069925 . Registered 20 February 2014.