cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-based friction analysis

Abstract This paper describes a new approach for parameterizing friction models. Velocity measurements of a spring-mass-damper oscillator with a friction contact are used to determine the Coulomb friction coefficient for the friction-based energy dissipation. The energy-based friction force is then calculated and compared to the friction force determined from the product of the friction coefficient and normal force. The friction measuring machine, or FMM, is used to enable transient, linear sliding motion between friction contact pairs under constant normal force loading and a laser vibrometer is used to measure the corresponding time dependent velocity. Tests results are presented for a pin on oscillating flat contact with three different initial displacements. The measured velocity is used together with the FMM structural dynamics to determine the Coulomb friction coefficient and estimate the corresponding friction force during motion.
Air Medical Transportation of Injured Operational Canines

Abstract Operational canines (OpK9s) are frequently injured in the line of duty and may benefit from specialized medical transport, including air medical transport. Reports of such transports can be found in the popular press, but there is a lack of research aimed at quantifying and examining these transports. We sent a survey to 295 programs in the United States identified through the Atlas and Database of Air Medical Services database to inquire about OpK9 transports and program policies and procedures for these transports. Of those 295 programs, we received 147 responses with 15 programs reporting that they have transported at least 1 OpK9. Programs also provided insight into policies and procedures that they have established for these types of transports. Although not all air medical programs will choose to complete this type of transport, we recommend that those that do establish policies and procedures to prepare for successful transports.
Risk of severe diarrhea associated with ipilimumab in cancer patients.

9634 Background: Ipilimumab is a human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-blocking antibody, which augments T-cell activation and proliferation and is thought to indirectly affect the T-cell...
Designating Responsible Parties for Drainage within 1.5 m of a Building

AbstractCurrently, professional engineers struggle to properly design drainage near structures due to a persistent lack of a designated responsible party, performance data, and design guidance. Spe...
F18-florbetapir PET/CT imaging of cardiac amyloidosis: metabolite correction in compartmental modeling

224 Objectives: F18-florbetapir, an amyloid tracer, was developed for imaging Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is now being used in cardiac amyloidosis (CA), a disease in which amyloid infiltrates the myocardium. In healthy controls and in AD, tracer metabolism is similar enough across individuals that a population metabolite curve (1) can be used for compartmental analysis; the advantage of this approach is that it eliminates the need for blood sampling and time-consuming blood processing and analysis. Our goal was to determine whether individual metabolite analysis is necessary for compartmental modeling of F18-florbetapir PET images of CA, as we have previously found for F18-FLT PET/CT in glioblastoma patients (2). Methods: Thirty-four CA patients were imaged with F18-florbetapir PET/CT, as part of the Myocardial Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis (MICA) project at BWH, at baseline and 6 and 12 months later. Images were analyzed using a two-compartment, reversible model; the major parameter of interest was the volume of distribution (Vt). Four to six blood samples were acquired during each 60-min dynamic acquisition for metabolite analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For a subset of 12 patients, individual metabolite curves were derived by weighted fitting of parent fractions at each sampling point to a Hill function. In order to determine the errors in Vt that would result from using an incorrect metabolite function, we simulated a typical CA time-activity curve assuming the population metabolite curve, and performed compartmental analysis using metabolite curves representing 1%-10% slower metabolism. Results: Metabolite curves varied widely among the 12 patients; furthermore, curves for individual patients were not constant over time. In almost all cases, individual metabolite curves suggested slower tracer metabolism compared to the published population curve. The simulation experiments yielded errors in Vt ranging from 3.4% for 1% slower metabolism to 24.6% for 10% slower metabolism. For many of the cases we studied, patient metabolite curves represent more than 10% slower metabolism compared to the population curve. We plan to analyze the distribution of metabolite curves for the entire group in order to determine whether subgroups with similar tracer metabolism can be identified based on clinical characteristics. Conclusions: Individual metabolite analysis may be required for compartmental modeling of F18-florbetapir PET/CT images of cardiac amyloidosis.
Factors predicting collaborative willingness of surrogates making medical decisions on the Physician Order for Scope of Treatment (POST)

Objective: The Physician’s Order for Scope of Treatment (POST) indicates patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), levels of care, and fluids/nutrition provision decisions....
The moss calyptra: A maternal structure influencing offspring development

The calyptra is a small, maternal gametophyte structure that covers the apex of the offspring sporophyte and is critical for the transition from seta formation to capsule differentiation in many moss taxa. It has been hypothesized to function by (1) providing a mechanical constraint that coordinates the development of the presumptive capsule, (2) secreting hormones that influence sporangium differentiation, (3) physically protecting the undifferentiated capsule region, (4) preventing water loss from the sporophyte apex, and/or (5) lowering the rate of sporophyte transpiration. This review explores the experiments that have tested these hypotheses and the evidence that has been found to support or refute them from scientific literature dating back to the late 1700's. Across mosses, calyptrae come in a wide array of shapes and sizes, which may correlate with aspects of morphology, habitat, and function. The overarching objective of this paper is to renew discussion about and research into this small, but important moss organ.
Learning From Weights: Cost-Sensitive Approach For Retrieval

In sponsored search, we need to retrieve the relevant top few ads from millions of ad copies within milliseconds. Running deep learning models or interaction models online becomes computationally expensive and hence not feasible for retrieval. There is not much discussion on improving cost-effective online retrieval models which work on representation based learning. In this paper we discuss one such improvement by incorporating cost-sensitive training. Online retrieval models which are trained on click-through data treats each clicked query-document pair as equivalent. While training on click-through data is reasonable, this paper argues that it is sub-optimal because of its noisy and long-tail nature (especially for sponsored search). In this paper, we discuss the impact of incorporating or disregarding the long tail pairs in the training set. Also, we propose a weighing based strategy using which we can learn semantic representations for tail pairs without compromising the quality of retrieval. Online A/B testing on live search engine traffic showed improvements in clicks (11.8% higher CTR) and as well as improvement in quality (8.2% lower bounce rate) when compared to the unweighted model. To prove the efficacy of the model we did offline experimentation with Bi-LSTM based representation model as well.
The Mental Hospital from the Patient Perspective

(1968). The Mental Hospital from the Patient Perspective. Psychiatry: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 213-223.
14-3-3 mitigates alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in the in vivo preformed fibril model

Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is the key component of proteinaceous aggregates termed Lewy Bodies that pathologically define a group of disorders known as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. αSyn is hypothesized to misfold and spread throughout the brain in a prion-like fashion. Transmission of αsyn necessitates the release of misfolded αsyn from one cell and the uptake of that αsyn by another, in which it can template the misfolding of endogenous αsyn upon cell internalization. 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly expressed brain proteins that are neuroprotective in multiple PD models. We have previously shown that 14-3-3θ acts as a chaperone to reduce αsyn aggregation, cell-to-cell transmission, and neurotoxicity in the in vitro pre-formed fibril (PFF) model. In this study, we expanded our studies to test the impact of 14-3-3s on αsyn toxicity in the in vivo αsyn PFF model. We used both transgenic expression models and adenovirus associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression to examine whether 14-3-3 manipulation impacts behavioral deficits, αsyn aggregation, and neuronal counts in the PFF model. 14-3-3θ transgene overexpression in cortical and amygdala regions rescued social dominance deficits induced by PFFs at 6 months post injection, whereas 14-3-3 inhibition by transgene expression of the competitive 14-3-3 peptide inhibitor difopein in the cortex and amygdala accelerated social dominance deficits. The behavioral rescue by 14-3-3θ overexpression was associated with delayed αsyn aggregation induced by PFFs in these brain regions. Conversely, 14-3-3 inhibition by difopein in the cortex and amygdala accelerated αsyn aggregation and reduction in NECAB1-positive neuron counts induced by PFFs. 14-3-3θ overexpression by AAV in the substantia nigra (SN) also delayed αsyn aggregation in the SN and partially rescued PFF-induced reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic cells in the SN. 14-3-3 inhibition in the SN accelerated nigral αsyn aggregation and enhanced PFF-induced reduction in TH-positive dopaminergic cells. These data indicate a neuroprotective role for 14-3-3θ against αsyn toxicity in vivo.
Distributed Energy Resources Based Microgrid: Review of Architecture, Control, and Reliability

To accomplish feasible large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into the existing grid system, microgrid implementation has proven to be the most effective. This article reviews the vital aspects of DER based microgrid and presents simulations to investigate the impacts of DER sources, electric vehicles (EV), and energy storage system (ESS) on practicable architectures’ resilient operation. The focus is primarily on the concept and definition of microgrid, comparison of control strategies (primary, secondary, and tertiary strategies), energy management strategies, power quality (PQ) issues associated with DER based microgrid, and state-of-the-art entities such as ESS and EV's applications toward microgrid reliability. Following discussion on the different attributes of DER sources-based microgrid, simulations are performed to verify the results of the past works on the effects of solar, wind energy sources, ESS, and EVs on the microgrid frequency response. Additional simulations are conducted to assess the influences of DERs, ESS, EVs, and their operational strategies on the microgrid reliability aspects.
Thiol-terminated nanodiamond powders for support of gold nanoparticle catalysts

Abstract Surface-functionalized nanodiamond (ND) is a promising material for nanomedicine and nanotechnology applications. Among the surface functionalizations developed for ND, thiol-termination has received relatively little attention. Here we describe a new method of thiolating the surface of detonation and high-pressure high-temperature ND by treatment with elemental sulfur at 450 °C, followed by reduction of surface-bound sulfur moieties. The surface composition of the functionalized ND was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis revealed the presence of both sulfur in the thiol oxidation state and oxygen, indicating that the surface was partially modified with thiols with no graphitization of the diamond surface detected. The surface thiols participated in a thiol-Michael addition with fluorescein-5-maleimide, demonstrating the utility of the thiols for conjugation of molecules to the diamond surface. Thiolated detonation ND was used as a support for gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) formed by in situ reduction of Au salt at 250 °C. The thiol-terminated ND stabilized the Au NPs, maintaining the small (~4 nm) size, whereas aggregates formed on ND powder with an oxygenated surface. The supported Au NPs catalyzed the reduction of resazurin, indicating that the active sites were not passivated by interaction with the ND surface thiols.
The Trump Paradox: migration, trade, and racial politics: edited by Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda and Edward Telles, Oakland, CA, University of California Press, 2021, xx + 350pp., $34.95 / £29.00 (paperback), ISBN 9780520302570

This is a big book – not so much in length, but in the breadth of coverage, depth of analysis, and gravitas of its contributors. It grows out of a multi-year transnational collaboration between sch...
Case 2: Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Term Neonate.

The pediatric team is called to the vaginal delivery of a 31-year-old gravida 3, para 2-0-1-2 mother at 40 weeks and 1 day of gestation because of a category II tracing. The pregnancy is uncomplicated, including a negative group B Streptococcus test result, and clear amniotic fluid after artificial rupture of membranes 4.5 hours before delivery. Nuchal cord ×1 is noted at the delivery of a female infant with 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores of 8 and 9. Examination reveals a birthweight of 3,625 g, caput over the left occiput without bruising, generalized edema and bruising of the frontal scalp (Fig 1A). The infant exhibits discomfort with care. She is neurologically normal and breastfeeds well. Phototherapy is begun for a total bilirubin of 8.7 mg/dL (148.77 μmol/L) 25 hours after birth. Figure 1. A. Initial physical examination: generalized edema and bruising of the frontal scalp and forehead. B–D. Evolution of the scalp lesion before surgical intervention. On day 2 after birth, she becomes more irritable and less active, with mildly decreased tone and a weak cry. A sepsis evaluation is performed, and treatment is started with ampicillin and gentamicin. The initial white blood cell count is 33,000/μL (3×109/L) with an absolute neutrophil count of 1,000/μL (1×109/L), and no bands. Blood culture is positive for Escherichia coli at 8 hours on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based blood culture identification panel. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is clear, with glucose of 76 mg/dL (4.22 mmol/L), protein 71 mg/dL (0.71 g/L), white blood cells 10/μL (10/10-6L), and red blood cell count of 0. Gram stain and PCR-based meningitis/encephalitis …
A history of Black Consciousness and progressive politics in apartheid South Africa

The Black Consciousness movement of South Africa has proven its potency and continued relevance as many South Africans have looked to its ideas to address persistent colonialism today. While its fo...
Just Add Weights: Markov Logic for the Semantic Web

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the vision of the Semantic Web requires uncertain reasoning over rich, first-order representations. Markov logic brings the power of probabilistic modeling to first-order logic by attaching weights to logical formulas and viewing them as templates for features of Markov networks. This gives natural probabilistic semantics to uncertain or even inconsistent knowledge bases with minimal engineering effort. Inference algorithms for Markov logic draw on ideas from satisfiability, Markov chain Monte Carlo and knowledge-based model construction. Learning algorithms are based on the conjugate gradient algorithm, pseudo-likelihood and inductive logic programming. Markov logic has been successfully applied to problems in entity resolution, link prediction, information extraction and others, and is the basis of the open-source Alchemy system.
Identifying the Anaerobic Proteins of Maize

There are several different viewpoints in considering the effects of environmental stress on plants. Some of us view stress as physiologists, some as biochemists, some as molecular biologists, and some as plant breeders. We are all interested in what mechanisms and what functions are used by the plant to cope with a specific environmental stress. One type of analysis that many use or have used, is to identify those proteins that the plant makes in response to a specific stress. We do this by comparing the proteins made under normal conditions with those made under the stress conditions on two-dimensional polyacryamide electrophoresis gels and look for differences. We generally make the assumption that proteins induced by the stress contribute to the cells response to the stress. We can catalogue those proteins, we can make cDNAas and sequence them, but as biologist we want to find the function of these proteins so we can learn how the plant is coping with this environmental stress.
Primary commodity price fluctuations and developing countries: An econometric model of copper and Zambia

Abstract Most of the literature on commodity price fluctuations and their impact on development has been based on cross-country data and aggregated export earnings. The results have been inconclusive, largely because the analysis fails to recognize the importance of country and commodity differences. This paper isolates a single commodity, copper, and a single country, Zambia, which copper export earnings loom large in the economy. It then presents an econometric model of the country, consisting of a disaggregated copper export sector with links to a macro model of the whole economy. Fluctuations in export prices around a smooth trend are then simulated, and their impact on the non-export sectors observed through such a development indicators as exployment levels, GDP levels and growth rates, general price levels and final demand.
Chapter 3 Primary Production in Washington Coastal Waters

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the spatial patterns of phytoplankton and its primary production as determined by the shipboard program conducted between 1974 and 1982. From the available shipboard productivity data and from the analysis of available satellite color imagery of the spatial extent of the highly productive regions, it can be estimated that an average of 11.5 metric tons of carbon are annually fixed in the waters overlying the shelf and slope off Washington. The distribution of phytoplankton and its productivity in the waters overlying the Washington shelf and slope varies in space and time in response to the variability in the near-field and far-field physical forcing.
Verbal Art in San Bias: Kuna Culture through Its Discourse

Verbal Art in San Bias: Kuna Culture through Its Discourse. Joel Sherzer. Cambridge Studies in Oral and Literate Culture, 21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.281 pp. $39.50 (cloth)
How large should a complex system be? An application in organizational teams

This article investigates when a growing team benefits from being divided and how complex interactions among workers and management impact this decision. The proposed model—a modification of Kauffman's NK model—has the property that team performance decreases as the size of the team increases. Analytical results and computer simulations show how team size, the amount of supervision, worker performance, interaction among employees, relationships between management and labor, and leadership skill affect when a team should be split. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 54–70, 2007
Incidence of a Capital Income Tax in a Growing Economy with Variable Savings Rates

The theory of economic growth has emphasized that the capital stock, unlike the labour force, is not an " original " factor of production but represents the accumulation of past incomes.2 Any analysis of the incidence of a tax on capital income should therefore begin by considering how the tax affects the stock of capital. Although a comparative static analysis with a varying capital stock can be instructive, the process of capital accumulation is represented best by a model of economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to examine how savings behaviour affects the long-run incidence of a tax on profits 3 in a growing economy. The analysis is in terms of a general tax on all capital income but the results are obviously relevant to understanding the incidence of the corporate income tax. With a fixed capital stock, owners of capital would bear the entire burden of a general tax on profits 4 and would avoid some of the burden of a partial tax on capital (such as the corporate income tax) to the extent that capital can shift away from the taxed sector to the untaxed sector without significantly reducing the marginal product of capital in the untaxed sector. Harberger's [4] analysis of such a model has shown that, with reasonable parameter values, the US corporate income tax is borne almost entirely by capital and is therefore quite similar in incidence to a general tax on capital income with a fixed capital stock. The current paper shows that replacing the usual static model and fixed capital stock by a model of a growing economy with variable savings rates substantially alters the conclusions about the incidence of a general tax on profits. For a wide range of plausible parameter values, a substantial fraction of the burden of a general profits tax is borne by labour. The assumption of a fixed capital stock may, therefore, also yield quite misleading conclusions in the analysis of the corporate income tax.
Factors Associated with Linear Hypoplasia of Human Deciduous Incisors

Linear hypoplasia of deciduous maxillary incisors was present in 31 of 73 Guatemalan children 2 to 3 years of age, whose medical histories were followed since birth. The presence of the line seemed to correlate with infections during the first month of life. All children were born with low serum-vitamin A levels.
Generating directional residuals with dynamic parity relations

Abstract It is shown how diagnostic residuals, which exhibit directional properties at all times in response to an arbitrary mix of input and output faults, can be generated using dynamic parity relations. The parity relations are applied directly to the observables of the monitored plant; the design relies on the plant's dynamic input-output model. This residual generator can be made computationally polynomial (moving average) by including the invariant zero polynomial of the fault system in the specified fault responses. The polynomial design yields moving average noise transfers as well. White noise transfer and disturbance decoupling are achieved by extending the response specification. The parity relation approach is compared with the traditional detection filter design, and is shown to be more straightforward and have milder existence conditions; if subjected to the same specification, the two approaches yield identical residual generators.
Single Cell Spectroscopy for Isolating Fetal Cells from Maternal Blood

Non-invasive genetic screening by using fetal nucleated cells that are isolated from maternal blood remains a medically-relevant challenge. We present a combined approach which utilizes spectroscopy for identifying fetal cells as the final step.
Time-dependent behavior of continuous-fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites: modeling and applications

A time-dependent approach employing a four-phase concentric cylinder model has been developed to predict the response of metal matrix composites (MMCs) subjected to thermomechanical loadings in which both plastic and creep responses of the composites are considered. The progressive development of plasticity in the matrix phase is determined using the deformation theory of plasticity while the creep deformation of this phase is estimated using the Bailey-Norton equation with an Arrhenius-type expression for the time-dependent creep coefficient. The model is applied to SCS-6/Ti-β21S composite to study the evolution of the stress and strain states in the constituents of the composite during initial cool-down and subsequent thermal cycles. The model is then employed to examine the influence of several critical parameters on the composite internal stress and strain states. These parameters include the thickness of the equivalent composite media, the type of fiber coating material, the thickness of the reaction zone, cooling rate during initial cool-down, and the kinetics of creep process during thermal cyclic loading. Results of these applications indicated that the process-induced thermal stresses in the matrix phase can be relaxed due to creep following initial cool-down from fabrication. This stress reduction is enhanced at a slower cooling rate. Comparison of different fiber coating materials shows that the use of carbon coating induces compressive stress state in the brittle interfacial region. TiB2-coated fibers, however, are found to be less affected by the growing interphase thickness in preserving the compressive radial stress component in the matrix and the interphase zone. Furthermore, it is found that the matrix activation energy for creep, Q, is history-dependent and can be correlated with the level of creep strain accumulated in the matrix phase. In addition, the residual thermal stresses induced in the matrix phase during initial cool-down can be relaxed by the application of subsequent thermal cycles.
Computer science and engineering education: Current trends, new dimensions and related professional programs

The role of the computer in engineering practice is ever increasing. The computer performs such tasks as: simple calculations; on line data recording and synthesis; acting as a control unit providing feedback; statistical analysis of large data sets; information retrieval and storage; and the simulation of large complex systems.It is imperative that all engineering students be taught to use the computer as a tool to aid in their present and future endeavors. Their education must be such that they can build on this foundation and continue to function effectively in future environments of computer technology taking full advantage of its capabilities.Universities must provide guidance and a curriculum making the achievement of this goal possible for students. An up-to-date laboratory facility to support such a program is also a necessity. A continuing education program is the responsibility of institutions of higher learning.
Synthetic Validity and Its Application to the Uniform Guidelines Validation Requirements.

The Uniform Guidelines for Employee Selection Procedures have served to create an urgent need for efficient validation methods that can be generalized to a class of occupations. The one method currently authorized for such a purpose by the Guidelines is synthetic validation. (The Guidelines erroneously describe the synthetic validity paradigm as construct validity.) Approaches to synthetic validity employed by Lawshe, Guion, McCormick, and Primoff are described. Their extent of conformance to the Guidelines validation requirements is noted. Primoff's J-Coefficient approach is recommended for two reasons; it meets the Guidelines requirements and under certain circumstances it permits the test user to estimate the traditional validity coefficient. An illustrated example of Primoff's method is presented.
A Technique for Field Testing Insecticides for Long-term Prevention of Bark Beetle Attack

Insecticides may be evaluated for long term preventive control of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (SPB), and other bark beetles by the technique described. Bolts are removed from sprayed trees, taken to active SPB infestations, and hung on trees near the active front of the infested area. The bolts are baited with the synthetic attractant, frontalure, to insure beetle attacks. Efficacy is evaluated by reduction in numbers of successful attacks and in SPB egg gallery construction relative to untreated checks. The technique offers flexibility in selection of beetle infestations and reliability in securing sufficient numbers of beetles to adequately test a candidate insecticide.
On-line diagnostics for Langmuir-Blodgett film growth

Abstract Prototype capacitance sensors, composed of interdigitated contacts, have been fabricated and evaluated. Measurements during deposition in a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and measurements subsequent to multilayer deposition confirm that the technique is capable of monitoring film growth in real-time. Changes of 0.01 pF per monolayer of poly(methyl methacrylate) deposited onto glass were measured against a background of 58 pF. Identical results were obtained using both a capacitance meter and a spectrum analyzer. It appears that a factor of 10 in sensitivity can be readily obtained by reduction of the width of the sensor lines from 50 to 5 μm. This will permit the use of several sensors to monitor differential effects of deposition over the substrate. In particular, this technique is expected to permit accurate evaluation of the behavior of water during deposition and drying.
Oxidation-Induced Epilayer Carbon Di-Interstitials as a Major Cause of Endemically Poor Mobilities in 4H-SiC/SiO2 Structures

The defects at the interface and in the oxide have been considered as the sources of mobility degradation at the SiC/SiO2 interface as in the case of Si/SiO2 system. By examining available experimental and theoretical results and performing new calculations, we show that thermal oxidation creates immobile carbon di-interstitial defects inside the semiconductor substrate, which are a major cause of the poor mobility in SiC/SiO2 structures.
Particles on droplets: From fundamental physics to novel materials

We review the phenomenon of adsorption of colloidal particles at interfaces between two immiscible liquids, such as on the surfaces of droplets. Though the tendency of small particles to adsorb at liquid interfaces has been under investigation for nearly a century, attention to many aspects of the problem has recently grown, in part because of the tremendous potential for materials development. From a fundamental point of view, fluid interfaces offer substantial complexity because electrostatic and other inter-particle forces can create long-range deformation of the interface, which in turn drastically alters the interactions among the particles. Nonetheless substantial progress has been reported in the literature on topics including the energetics of adsorption, the interactions among adsorbed particles, and the modulus of concentrated layers. Particles at interfaces can serve as a useful experimental model system for a number of fundamental questions of statistical mechanics. For materials development, assembly of particles on droplets is attractive for the extraordinary architectural control it offers and the broad range of particles and solvents that can be used.
Turbulent convection in liquid metal with and without rotation

The magnetic fields of Earth and other planets are generated by turbulent, rotating convection in liquid metal. Liquid metals are peculiar in that they diffuse heat more readily than momentum, quantified by their small Prandtl numbers, Pr 1 fluids, respectively.
The Neurobiology of Tryptophan Depletion in Depression: Effects of Intravenous Tryptophan Infusion

Abstract Background: Previous work has suggested that acute depletion of the serotonin (5-HT) precursor tryptophan (TRP) causes transient compensatory changes in the 5-HT system that might be exploited for their antidepressant effects. In this study, neuroendocrine and mood responses to intravenous (i.v.) infusion of TRP were examined in order to evaluate central 5-HT function in depressed patients undergoing acute TRP depletion. Methods: Thirty-eight drug-free patients with DSM-III-R major depression participated. Each patient underwent two randomized, double-blind TRP depletion tests, one sham and one active. At the estimated time of maximum TRP depletion, each patient received an i.v. infusion of TRP 100 mg/kg. Blood was obtained for serum cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone. Mood was assessed using standardized rating scales. Results: The cortisol response to i.v. TRP was significantly greater during TRP depletion than during sham depletion. Depressive symptoms showed a tendency to decrease after i.v. TRP following active, but not sham, TRP depletion. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the present hypothesis and previous evidence that acute TRP depletion in drug-free depressed patients induces compensatory upregulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. These changes are insufficient to serve as a means of effecting clinical improvement, but suggest that the antidepressant properties of rapid, marked manipulations of 5-HT function warrant further study.
The Facile Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Current synthetic techniques to high-quality quantum dots (“QD’s”) involve organometallic precursors that are hazardous and expensive and require they be rapidly injected into an extremely hot solvent to form the QD’s. A new method for synthesizing high-quality CdSe QD’s while circumventing these problems has been developed. Different cadmium salts were studied as Cd precursors alternative to dimethylcadmium. High-quality CdSe QD’s were found possible with cadmium acetate as the Cd precursor. Changes in solvent temperature and reaction time had a systematic effect on QD particle sizes and the accompanying optical properties. These preliminary results point to a general method for producing high-quality QD’s that is safer and much more versatile.
The first example of a stacked structure containing the 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolate ligand: the crystal structure of [(C2H5)4N][Pt(DDDT)2]

The crystal structure of [(C 2 H 5 ) 4 N][Pt(DDDT) 2 ] where DDDT 2− =5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolate belongs to the monoclinic space group C 2/ c with unit cell dimensions a =22.199(6), b =8.206(2), c = 17.698(4) A, β=130.87(1)°, Z =4. The Pt and N atoms lie on an inversion center and a two-fold axis, respectively. The PtS 4 core exhibits square planar coordination with an average PtS bond length of 2.270(6) A. This structure represents the first transition metal complex of the DDDT 2− ligand containing stacks of planar anions. The stacks interlock to form a layer. The molecular packing diagram shows alternating cation and anion layers.
A prehospital approach to multiple-victim incidents

Although most prehospital systems have well-developed protocols for single-victim rescues and mass casualties, multiple-victim incidents falling between the two in scope have not been analyzed in detail. Forty-one audio tapes of incidents with four or more victims were evaluated for techniques and decisions that affected the runs' speed and efficiency. Common problems both in the field and at the base hospital were identified. Recommendations for management in the field and for paramedic and base station transmissions are given.
Characterization of a compact multilayer mirror (MLM) polarimeter for measurements of the degree of linear polarization in the 256-A to 584-A wavelength EUV range

A molybdenum/silicon (Mo/Si) multilayer mirror (MLM) polarimeter has been constructed and used to analyze the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission from excited HEI and HeII states following electron impact on helium for wavelengths ranging from approximately 256 angstrom to 584 angstrom. A ratio of reflectivities for s and p polarized light, Rs/Rp approximately equals 10, and a resolving power of (lambda) /(Delta) (lambda) approximately equals 6 at 304 angstrom were obtained. These characteristics and the use of a VYNS26 spectral filter were sufficient to allow a detailed polarization study of the first two members of the Lyman series of He+ at wavelengths of 304 angstrom (HeII 2p yields 1s) and 256 angstrom (HeII 3p yields 1s) for impact electron energies ranging from threshold to 1500 eV. The MLM has also been used as a single flat surface mirror polarimeter for the analysis of longer wavelength radiation (517 angstrom to 584 angstrom) from the HeI (1snp) 1Po yields (1s2) 1S series of neutral helium with Rs/Rp approximately equals 3. While MLM polarimeters have previously been used for EUV measurements with bright photon sources such as those provided by synchrotron facilities, the results from this work clearly demonstrate the feasibility of such devices with lower intensity electron and ion impact sources. The compact design of the apparatus makes it suitable as a portable measurement and calibration device.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Acute cardiovascular effects of OPC-18790 in patients with congestive heart failure: Time- and dose-dependence analysis based on pressure-volume relations

Background OPC-18790 is a water-soluble quinolinone derivative that shares the pharmacological properties of vesnarinone and that may be useful for treating heart failure. We studied the contribution and relative dose sensitivities of the inotropic, lusitropic, and vascular effects of OPC-18790 in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Pressure-volume (PV) analysis was performed in 17 patients who received either 5 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 (low dose, n=10) or 10 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 (high dose, n=7) OPC-18790 by 1-hour IV infusion. Right heart pressures and flow and left heart PV relations (conductance catheter) were measured at baseline and every 15 minutes during infusion. Transient inferior vena caval obstruction was used to determine PV relations. Both doses produced venodilation reflected by a 10% decline in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a 30% fall in atrial and pulmonary artery pressures. Arterial dilation was four times greater at the high dose, with an ≈40% fall in effective arterial elastance and systemic resistance. Contractility rose by 25% to 100% (depending on PV index) with both doses. Ventricular-arterial coupling (ratio of ventricular end-systolic to arterial elastances) was ≈0.25 at baseline and doubled (or tripled) at low (or high) dose, correlating with improved efficiency. Isovolumetric relaxation shortened, whereas the diastolic PV relation was generally unchanged. Heart rate was unaltered. Conclusions OPC-18790 has potent venous and arterial vasodilator effects and moderate inotropic and lusitropic effects without a change in heart rate. These combined actions suggest a unique potential of OPC-18790 for heart failure treatment.
Conducting legal interviews

Summary The responsibility to become more sensitive to the equality of opportunity reguliations has brought many old employment practices into review. In many cases, interviewers have been spending too much interview time on insignificant matters. What really counts is the job-related information. Employers are finding that they can make good hiring decisions without using a person's race, sex, age, or religion as predictors of success on the job. In this respect the public policies have forced them to review and streamline their selection procedures and to simplify their techniques.
Desolvation Kinetics of Sulfameter Solvates

Solvates are often encountered in pharmaceutical solids and knowledge of their physical stability is necessary for their effective formulation. This work investigates the solid-state stability of five structurally related solvates of sulfameter (5-methoxysulfadiazine) by studying the kinetics of their desolvation reaction with thermogravimetric analysis, both isothermally and nonisothermally. Desolvation kinetic analysis was done isothermally by conventional model-fitting and nonisothermally by the complementary method. Calculated kinetic parameters (model, A and Ea) were compared and related to the crystal structure of these solvates. A relationship was established between desolvation activation energy from isothermal results and solvent size; the larger the solvent molecule, the higher its solvate's desolvation activation energy. The best fitting solid-state reaction model correlated to single crystal structural features of sulfameter-solvates where solvent molecules occupied cavities in the unit cell. Finally, it was found that kinetic parameters obtained isothermally and nonisothermally were at variance. Therefore, kinetic results obtained from one method may not be extended to results form the other.
Image preprocessing for improving computational efficiency in implementation of restoration and superresolution algorithms

Computational complexity is a major impediment to the real-time implementation of image restoration and superresolution algorithms in many applications. Although powerful restoration algorithms have been developed within the past few years utilizing sophisticated mathematical machinery (based on statistical optimization and convex set theory), these algorithms are typically iterative in nature and require a sufficient number of iterations to be executed to achieve the desired resolution improvement that may be needed to meaningfully perform postprocessing image exploitation tasks in practice. Additionally, recent technological breakthroughs have facilitated novel sensor designs (focal plane arrays, for instance) that make it possible to capture megapixel imagery data at video frame rates. A major challenge in the processing of these large-format images is to complete the execution of the image processing steps within the frame capture times and to keep up with the output rate of the sensor so that all data captured by the sensor can be efficiently utilized. Consequently, development of novel methods that facilitate real-time implementation of image restoration and superresolution algorithms is of significant practical interest and is the primary focus of this study. The key to designing computationally efficient processing schemes lies in strategically introducing appropriate preprocessing steps together with the superresolution iterations to tailor optimized overall processing sequences for imagery data of specific formats. For substantiating this assertion, three distinct methods for tailoring a preprocessing filter and integrating it with the superresolution processing steps are outlined. These methods consist of a region-of-interest extraction scheme, a background-detail separation procedure, and a scene-derived information extraction step for implementing a set-theoretic restoration of the image that is less demanding in computation compared with the superresolution iterations. A quantitative evaluation of the performance of these algorithms for restoring and superresolving various imagery data captured by diffraction-limited sensing operations are also presented.
Phosphoinositide interconversion: a model for control of Na + and K + permeability in the nerve axon membrane.

Summary Metal complex stability constants and acid association constants of deacylated di- and triphosphoinositide were analyzed to ascertain the effect of phosphoinositide interconversion on the amount of bound Ca2+ and ligand charge. These calculations showed that a conversion of triphosphate to diphosphate would result in a release of 70% of boud Ca2+ and a 25% decrease in ligand charge. Changes of this magnitude occurring on one side of the nerve axon membrane could conceivably bring about a reorganization of the membrane with a resulting change in Na+ and K+ permeability.
Morphological development during injection molding of self‐reinforcing composites. I: Experimental results

The correlation between structure development during injection molding and the modulus of injection molded PET/LCP blends were studied. Process parameters such as injection speed and mold and melt temperatures were varied to determine the effect of these parameters on the tensile modulus and structure development of the blends. The skin/core structure in the cross section of injection molded samples was observed with both optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Injection molding experiments show that the thickness of the skin layer increases with decreasing injection speed and decreasing melt and mold temperatures. The trends in morphological developments in the injection molded specimens correlate with the measured tensile moduli.
Diverse pre- and post-synaptic expression of m1-m4 muscarinic receptor proteins in neurons and afferents in the rat neostriatum.

Abstract We have utilized subtype specific antibodies to determine the cellular and subcellular distributions of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes that are highly expressed in the rat striatum (m1–m4). Each receptor is expressed in distinct populations of striatal neurons in the relative proportions predicted by their mRNAs. They concentrate at post-synaptic sites and each of the four subtypes are also transported to pre-synaptic sites. m2 appears to be the only presynaptic autoreceptor in the striatum, but it is also localized in noncholinergic terminals. These distinct pre- and post-synaptic localizations suggest that muscarinic receptor subtype diversity evolved to enable increasingly complex responses to acetylcholine release.
Motivating managers to make investment decisions

Abstract Owners of capital frequently lack knowledge about investment opportunities. One alternative is to turn to a manager for assistance. The owner's problem of contracting for the services of a manager is treated as a problem in buying information. The surprising result is that it is sometimes possible to trade information even when the owner is unable to form his own assessment of the information's value. Under some conditions it is possible to write a managerial compensation contract which will induce the manager to act in the best interests of the owner. These conditions require owner knowledge of the manager's employment and investment alternatives and risk preferences as well as some, but not all, of the characteristics of the investment opportunities.
Meteoric material and the behavior of upper stratospheric polar ozone

Ozone mixing ratios as a function of pressure level and time are presented based on data obtained with the Nimbus-7 SBUV instrument between 1979 and 1984, and implications of this data for the explanations of the spring Antarctic ozone depletion are considered. It is suggested that meteoric atoms react with the atmosphere to bond to OH, and subsequently react with HCl to form salts, resulting in the accumulation of chlorine during polar winter. The sudden release of this chlorine from photodissociation of these salts during spring could account for the loss of ozone in the upper atmosphere.
Cool-Season Sea Level Anomalies and Storm Surges along the U.S. East Coast: Climatology and Comparison with the 2009/10 El Niño

AbstractClimatologies of sea level anomalies (>0.05 m) and daily-mean storm surges (>0.3 m) are presented for the 1960–2010 cool seasons (October–April) along the East Coast of the United States at Boston, Massachusetts; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Sewells Point (Norfolk), Virginia; and Charleston, South Carolina. The high sea level anomaly and the number of storm surges, among the highest in the last half century during the 2009/10 cool season, are comparable during strong El Nino cool seasons. High numbers of daily storm surges occur in response to numerous East Coast extratropical cool-season storms and have a positive correlation with the El Nino phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Patterns of anomalously high sea levels are attributed to El Nino–related changes to atmospheric pressure over the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Canada and to the wind field over the Northeast U.S. continental shelf.
A construction of 3-connected graphs

We show that the 3-connected graphs can be generated from the complete graph on four vertices and the complete 3,3 bipartite graph by adding vertices and adding edges with endpoints on two edges meeting at a 3-valent vertex.