cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Spatial Characterization and Interpolation of Wind Data

High fossil fuel (oil and gas) prices; concerns about the stability of the Arabian oil supply; and the adverse effects of externalities generated by fossil fuel production, distribution, and consumption are fueling the move towards sustainable energy sources like wind generated electricity. Wind energy is becoming one of the preferred substitutes to fossil fuels because of the widespread availability, sustainability, and renewability of wind resources. However, the economic viability of a wind energy generation project is strongly dependent on the accurate characterization and estimation of the wind resource (wind speed) and its associated uncertainty. Analyzing wind resources is a complicated process due to the spatial variability, uncertainty and the complexity of the meteorological processes underlying the formation and behavior of wind. The objective of this work is to employ the two most common nonlinear kriging algorithms (indicator kriging and probability kriging) and five variogram models (spheric...
Dynamical properties of PWDOL systems

Abstract The definitions of a piecewise deterministic zero Lindenmayer (PWD0L) scheme and system are given, and dynamical properties of such systems are introduced. Harrison (1994) showed that given an arbitrary finite alphabet A, the emptiness problem is undecidable for the class of languages which are intersections of a D0L language and a context-sensitive language. This result is used to prove that many dynamical properties of PWD0L systems(such as finiteness, periodicity, etc) are in general undecidable over a two-member context-sensitive partition of A ∗ . The idea of a morphic equivalence relation on A ∗ (A is finite) is defined and the idea of a finite morphic refinement is introduced. Harrison (1994) showed that every regular language and its complement is refined by a finite partition which is induced by a morphic congruence. Using this theorem, it is shown that dynamical properties such as finiteness and periodicity are in general decidable for RWD0L systems (i.e. a PWD0L system over a finite partition of A ∗ made up of all regular languages).
Discrimination of footdrumming signatures by kangaroo rats, Dipodomys spectabilis

Abstract Abstract. Playback experiments were conducted to test whether banner-tailed kangaroo rats, Dipodomys spectabilis, use individually distinct footdrumming signatures to communicate identity to territorial neighbours. Responses of territory owners to playbacks of footdrumming signatures of neighbours and strangers that differed in at least one signal element were tested in a year in which population densities were low and then repeated in a year with higher densities. Territory owners footdrummed at higher rates in response to playbacks of a stranger than to playbacks of a neighbour in both years. They either drummed the same footdrumming pattern used during spontaneous territorial footdrumming and in the playback tests, or added extra footrolls to a footdrumming sequence during the playback. Juveniles exhibited the least consistency in drumming patterns in the two contexts. These results demonstrate that D. spectabilis discriminates the footdrumming signatures of neighbours and strangers and suggest that territorial footdrumming functions in neighbour recognition. Familiarity among neighbours promotes a stable social organization in this solitary, nocturnal rodent.
Social Impacts of the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake

The 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake resulted in some of the most significant social impacts from an earthquake in recent decades. In early March, an Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI...
Distribution of Immunoreactive Human Growth Hormone-Like Material and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Rat Central Nervous System: Evidence for Their Coexistence in the Same Neurons

The distribution of a substance with human GH (hCG)-like immunoreactivity was studied in the rat brain after rapid fixation with acrolein. Using this method of tissue preparation, the hGH-like material (hGH-LM) was found in several hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic regions of the brain and extended into the spinal cord and posterior pituitary. On serial sections, the distribution of the hGH-LM was observed to be identical to that of TRH throughout the neuraxis. Sequential immunostaining of the hGH-LM and TRH in the same tissue section revealed the coexistence of these two peptides in the same neuronal cell bodies in the hypothalamus and brain stem and in beaded processes in all regions of the central nervous system studied. These findings demonstrate the intimate association between the hGH-LM and TRH in the central nervous system and raise the possibility that the hGH-LM forms part of a precursor hormone from which TRH is derived.
Professional Self-Image

Education has the potential to influence the development of professional self-images. Interaction with significant others in an educational setting in perioperative nursing, which is grounded in professional standards and provides significant others who perceive the practice area as a professional one, was hypothesized as having the potential to contribute to the professional self-image of the students. This contribution was confirmed in the significantly increased professional self-image scores measured in the treatment group.
Association of subsyndromal and depressive symptoms with inflammatory markers among different ethnic groups: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

Abstract Objective Depressive symptoms are associated with inflammation yet the association between inflammation and different levels of depression remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the association of subsyndromal and depressive symptoms with inflammatory markers in a large multi-ethnic cohort. Methods C-reactive protein (CRP) ( n =6269), interleukin-6 (IL-6) ( n =6135) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ( n =1830) were measured in selected participants from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Subsyndromal depressive symptoms were defined as a CES-D value from 8 to 15, depressive symptoms as a CES-D≥16 and normal as a CES-D≤7. Depressive states (subsyndromal and depressed) were entered into multivariable linear regression models incrementally adjusting for demographic, behavioral, biologic and comorbidities. Results Among 6289 participants not taking antidepressants and free from CVD, the mean age was 62.2, while 52% were women, 36.4% were Caucasian, 28.9% African-American, 22.3% Hispanics and 12.4% Chinese-American. Of the total, 24.2% had subsyndromal depression and 11.8% had depressive symptoms. Compared to the non-depressed group and after controlling for demographics, there was no association between both subsyndromal and depressive symptoms with log CRP ( β =−0.01, p = 0.80 and β =−0.05, p = 0.25 respectively), log IL-6 ( β =0.01, p = 0.71 and β =−0.04, p = 0.07 respectively) and log TNF-α ( β =−0.03, p = 0.29 and β =0.06, p=0.18 respectively ). Moreover, fully adjusted models showed no significant associations for log IL-6 and log TNF-α and the different depressive categories. However, with full adjustment, we found a significant inverse association between depressive symptoms and ln CRP ( β =−0.10, p=0.01 ) that was not present for subsyndromal depression ( β =−0.05, p=0.11 ). Conclusion Among participants not taking anti-depressants, subsyndromal depression is not associated with inflammation. However, depressive symptoms measured by CES-D≥16 are associated with a lower inflammation (CRP).
Drawing on burlesque: Excessive display and fat desire in the work of Cristina vela

Often viewed as asexual, the fat female subject has been discursively excluded from traditional expressions of fantasy, a cultural failing that has led to a paucity of empowering representations of fat sexuality. Contemporary performances of burlesque provide the stage for redefining the fat performer as a desiring subject. Fat burlesque also finds two-dimensional representation in the drawings of Cristina Vela, small-scale illustrations of fat bodies engaged in erotic and playful striptease known as Las Gordas, a translation that critically engages the politics of imaging fat burlesque as a means of imagining fat agency through a discourse of excess.
Stress-intensity-factor equations for compact specimen subjected to concentrated forces

Abstract A Green’s function (GF) for the standard compact C(T) specimen was developed that can be applied over a wide range in crack-configuration parameters and for any arbitrary residual-stress distribution along a symmetry-plane crack path from the front face to the back face. Finite-element and boundary-element analyses were conducted to obtain stress-intensity factors over a wide range in crack-length-to-width ratios (a/w) and in concentrated force locations along the crack surface. These results were compared with previous boundary-collocation results from the literature and were used to develop an improved GF equation. As a validation of the newly developed wide-range equation, stress-intensity factors were calculated on a C(T) specimen subjected to a stress distribution induced by the standard pin loading without a crack-starter notch or crack and were compared with well-known results from the literature. The accuracy of the GF equation is within about ±1.3% of the numerical analyses over a wide range in a/w ratios from 0.2 to 0.9.
Measurement of interfacial toughness in thermal barrier coating systems by indentation

Abstract In-service loss of adhesion of ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is a critical concern in gas turbine applications. In this paper, models and results are presented for measuring the interfacial toughness of TBC systems by use of a simple indentation test. The models of this paper are first verified against existing results in the literature and then against indentation radius measurements on superalloy and bond coat/superalloy substrates. The relative importance of a number of model assumptions and variables is demonstrated. Results are presented which allow direct calculation of interfacial toughnesses from measured delamination radii obtained from indent tests on industry-standard-sized TBC specimens. Results are then used to calculate interfacial toughnesses for tests on electron beam physical vapor deposited TBC specimens subjected to various periods of exposure at 1200°C.
Differential predictability of females and males

This study examined the existence of sex differences in validity coefficients from a variety of different types of tests. It was found that female validities significantly exceeded male validities by .04 correlational units. When the validities were broken down by predictor categories, no significant differences were observed between males and females on either personality or high school background measures; and female validities exceeded male validities on tests of abstract reasoning, clerical abilities, information, mathematical abilities, verbal abilities, and composite scores from multiple tests. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Isolation of synaptic terminals from Alzheimer's disease cortex

Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) aggregates are increasingly identified as potential toxic intermediates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In cortical AD synapses, p-tau co-localizes with Aβ, but the Aβ and p-tau peptide species responsible for synaptic dysfunction and demise remains unclear. The present experiments were designed to use high-speed cell sorting techniques to purify synaptosome population based on size, and then extend the method to physically isolate Aβ-positive synaptosomes with the goal of understanding the nature of Aβ and tau pathology in AD synapses. To examine the purity of size-gated synaptosomes, samples were first gated on size; particles with sizes between 0.5 and 1.5 microns were collected. Electron microscopy documented a homogenous population of spherical particles with internal vesicles and synaptic densities. Next, size-gated synaptosomes positive for Aβ were collected by fluorescence activated sorting and then analyzed by immunoblotting techniques. Sorted Aβ-positive synaptosomes were enriched for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and for Aβ oligomers and aggregates; immunolabeling for p-tau showed a striking accumulation of p-tau aggregates compared to the original homogenate and purified synaptosomes. These results confirm co-localization of Aβ and p-tau within individual synaptic terminals and provide proof of concept for the utility of flow sorting synaptosomes.
From Living Water to the “Water of Death”: Implicating Social Resilience in Northeastern Siberia

Rural inhabitants of the Arctic sustain their way of life via refined adaptations to the extreme climate of the North, and subsequent generations continue to adapt. Viliui Sakha, Turkic-speaking horse and cattle breeders of northeastern Siberia, Russia, have been successful through their ancestral adaptations to local water access, in both a solid and liquid state, at specific times and in specific amounts. Viliui Sakha’s activities to access and utilize water are grounded in a belief system where water is spirit-filled, gives life, and can interplay with death. In the context of contemporary global climate change, water’s solid-liquid balance is disrupted by changing seasonal patterns, altered precipitation regimes, and an overall “softening” of the extreme annual temperature range. Inhabitants are finding ways to adapt but at increasing labor and resource costs. In this paper, I analyze Viliui Sakha’s adaptations to altered water regimes on both the physical and cosmological levels to grasp how water is understood in Sakha’s belief system as the water of life, how it becomes “the water of death,” and the implications for social resilience.
Simultaneous formation of solitons and dispersive waves in a femtosecond ring dye laser.

We report the experimental observation of soliton and dispersive pulses generated simultaneously in a passively mode-locked dye laser. The results are interpreted by analogy to the predictions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing pulse propagation near the zero-dispersion point of an optical fiber.
Total linearization of probability density evolution equations

Total linearization of the Boltzmann and Vlasov equations is used to present a technique applicable to equations which have polynomial-type nonlinearities and describe the evolution of probability density functions or distributions. It is an extension of an earlier result, where a method yielding a linear equation with a nonlinear constraint was presented.
Microstructural changes during the twin-screw extrusion cooking of maize grits

Abstract Microstructural changes which occur during the extrusion cooking of maize grits were studied using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The complete disruption of the maize grit particles and their constituent starch granules was found to be related to changes in extruder die pressure, screw torque and product solubility and water absorption. The disruption was found to depend upon extrusion moisture, barrel temperature and screw configuration. It occurred over a narrow range of specific mechanical energy input, 115–145 W h kg −1 . The E-type form of the crystalline amylose-lipid complex was found to occur throughout the temperature range 90–150°C when the maize grit was extruded with low conveying efficiency screws.
EPR test of the resonating-valence-bond theory of superconductivity in C60Kn.

EPR experiments on powder samples of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{n}}$ are presented. The results contradict the basic assumption of a negative Hubbard U, which has been used to explain the superconductivity in fullerenes. The apparent orbital nondegeneracy of the observed state is explained in terms of a generalized dynamic Jahn-Teller effect.
Two-tone unmasking in the forward-masking procedure: Suppression or perceptual cueing?

Unmasking in the forward-masking procedure was investigated in two experiments. In the first, signal frequency (fs) was held equal to the frequency of the primary masker component (f1) while the frequency of a secondary masker component f2 (where f2 > f1) was varied. In the second experiment, f1 and f2 were held constant while signal frequency varied. The results are discussed in terms of the effects potential perceptual cues may have on unmasking in the forward-masking procedure.
Chemical composition of isolated rat skeletal sarcolemma.

Isolated rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal tubes contained 78.1% protein, 13.1% lipid and 3.3% neutral carbohydrate. Gas-liquid chromatography of the total sarcolemmal carbohydrates showed the presence of fucose (0.28%), mannose (0.44%), galactose (0.95%), neuraminic acid (0.31%) and larger quantities of glucose (1.58%), glucosamine (2.59%) and galactosamine (2.03%). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 30 to 35 protein bands including three major bands at 170,000, 140,000 and 44,000 mol wt. Amino acid analysis showed the sarcolemma to contain small amounts of proteins characteristic of collagen and relatively large amounts of acidic amino acids (21.5% glutamic and aspartic acids). Lithium 3,5-diiodo salicylate (LIS) extracted a fraction of the external lamina of the sarcolemma (designated ELS). The ELS was rich in glucuronic acid and hexosamines as well as having an increased proportion of acidic amino acids. The ELS contained no hydroxyproline and had less lipid than whole sarcolemma.
A Simple and Efficient Algorithm for Determining Isomorphism of Planar Triply Connected Graphs

A problem that arises in many practical applications of linear graphs and in some purely mathematical applications is the determination of the isomorphism of two given graphs; such applications include the automatic retrieval of information, machine translation of languages, pipeline and electric networks, pattern recognition, graph-theoretic enumeration problems, the four-color conjecture, and the problem of "squaring the rectangle." Up to the present time only heuristic programs have been developed for solving this problem for general graphs. In this paper, a solution for a class of graphs is given in terms of a simple and computationally efficient algorithm, which is ideally suited for computer programming; a program in MAD language has been written but has not yet been run. The class of graphs considered are planar and triply connected; this class arises, for example, in the four-color problem and in the problem of squaring the rectangle. The algorithm is applicable to both directed and undirected graphs and to simple graphs and multigraphs. The algorithm is based on Tremaux's procedure for generating an Euler path in a graph. Application of the algorithm to a plane triply connected graph yields a set of vector codes which are ordered lexicographically in a code matrix.
Calculation of high-pressure phases of A1

Possible high-pressure phases of A1 are examined by comparing the total energies for three structures: fcc, bcc, and hcp. The energies are calculated using the density-functional formalism and the ab initio self-consistent pseudopotential approach. At zero pressure, the most stable structure is the fcc structure in agreement with experiment. At about 2 Mbar, the hcp structure is predicted to be the most stable, while at about 4 Mbar, the bcc structure is the most stable. The stability of the bcc phase at compressed volume is found to be caused by the lowering of the $d$ states. This conclusion is based on an analysis of the occupancy of $s$, $p$, and $d$ states at normal and compressed volumes.
Why managers fail in Post‐Soviet Russia: causes and lessons

The former Soviet Union is presently going through a period of unprecedented economic and organizational change. In this “wild market”, many Russian organizations are struggling to compete and adapt. During the decade of the 1990s Russian managers have had to develop new skills and business practices to lead their organizations. Many managers have successfully made this transformation but managerial failure is also common place. This article explores the primary causes of why managers fail in this post‐Soviet era based on a survey of 174 Russian managers and offers specific lessons on management development for organizations operating in modern Russia and Eastern Europe.
Multiagent coordination exploiting system symmetries

This paper presents results related to the multiagent formation control problem. Symmetries in the system are exploited to simplify the stability analysis and control synthesis problem for symmetric systems. The type of symmetry considered is a discrete symmetry where individual agents are either identical or have dynamics that are diffeomorphically related. These results are applicable to both distributed as well as non-distributed coordination methods and are demonstrated with simulation results for systems taken from the literature.
Wavelet-based image processing for digital mammography

This paper is to evaluate the importance of image preprocessing using multiresolution and multiorientation wavelet transforms on the performance of a previously reported computer assisted diagnostic (CAD) method for breast cancer screening, using digital mammography. An analysis of the influence of WTs on image feature extraction for mass detection is achieved by comparing the discriminate ability of features extracted with and without wavelet based image preprocessing using computed ROC. Three indexes are proposed to assess the segmentation of the mass area with comparison to ground truth. Dat was analyzed on region-of- interest database that included mass and normal regions from digitized mammograms with ground truth. The metrics for measurement of segmentation of the mass clearly demonstrates the importance of image preprocessing methods. Similarly, the relative improvement in performance is observed in feature extraction, where the Az values are increased. The improvement depends on the feature characteristics. The use of methodology in this paper result sin a significant improvement in feature extraction for the previously proposed CAD detection method. We are therefore exploring additional improvement in wavelet based image preprocessing methods, including adaptive methods, to achieve a further improvement in performance on larger image databases.
Intraventricular injection of myxoma virus results in transient expression of viral protein in mouse brain ependymal and subventricular cells

Oncolytic viruses that selectively infect and lyse cancer cells have potential as therapeutic agents. Myxoma virus, a poxvirus that is known to be pathogenic only in rabbits, has not been reported to infect normal tissues in humans or mice. We observed that when recombinant virus was injected directly into the lateral ventricle of the mouse brain, virally encoded red fluorescent protein was expressed in ependymal and subventricular cells. Cells were positive for nestin, a marker of neural stem cells. Rapamycin increased the number of cells expressing the virally encoded protein. However, protein expression was transient. Cells expressing the virally encoded protein did not undergo apoptosis and the ependymal lining remained intact. Myxoma virus appears to be safe when injected into the brain despite the transient expression of virally derived protein in a small population of periventricular cells.
Potential Toxicity from Prolonged Anesthesia: A Case Report of a Thirty-Hour Anesthetic

Abstract Selection of anesthetics for prolonged administration must include consideration of potential toxicity resulting from extended exposure. This report deals with a patient undergoing a 30-hour anesthetic that included nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and isoflurane (9.7 MAC-hours). Serial serum inorganic fluoride levels obtained in the perioperative period demonstrated a peak fluoride level of 12.6 μmol occurring 27 hours after isoflurane was discontinued. Although higher than previously reported fluoride levels following isoflurane anesthesia in healthy adults (4 μmol), the current results are below those levels associated with renal abnormalities after prolonged enflurane anesthesia (34 μmol). In addition to outlining basic care guidelines for patients undergoing a prolonged anesthetic, this report discusses potential toxicity from prolonged exposure to both N 2 O and isoflurane. It concludes that isoflurane can be tolerated in doses up to 10 MAC-hours without fluoride toxicity but cautions against the use of N 2 O for periods longer than 24 hours.
A Spectral Universality: Mona Hatoum's Biopolitics of Abstraction*

OCTOBER 133, Summer 2010, pp. 49–74. © 2010 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A delicate swath of fabric is laid in a protective vitrine, underscoring its fragility. At first the material appears to impart nothing of itself save fine-craftedness, its fibers woven into a network of threads interlocked in strong knots at regular intervals, meandering at the edges. But the object’s placement in a gallery at the Museum of Modern Art imposes a set of interpretive parameters. The repeating modules made by the fabric’s material, enclosed in a double border that mimics a frame, evoke the object so commonly encountered in that museum: the painted grid hanging vertically on the gallery wall. The object is a grid, and it isn’t. Certain of its characteristics, such as its horizontality, belie any status as a transcendental object of aesthetic autonomy, and in this sense the display evokes an anthropological exhibition context, or that of a craft museum. And it is blatantly material and tactile, exceeding a grid’s opticality. Its units are not rectilinear, but are irregular ovals, reliant on the warp and weft of the thread constituting them. The cells are not stamped out ready-made over the material that constitutes them; rather, each is the stuff of that very material.1 In this way the object’s materiality belongs to the tactile process of weaving. But this evocation of the craft of weaving is frustrated in turn. The excess strands at the fabric’s edge are in fact human hair, as is the grid embroidered over the cotton support. This object is not a piece of fabric, but an abject and precarious web of human tissue. How can the object suggest an
Sex Bias in Counseling: A Reply and Critique.

The social importance of the gender-bias issue in counseling implores that our beliefs about the issue be predicated on evidence rather than on ideological considerations.
The most characteristic lesions and radiologic signs of Crohn disease of the small bowel: air enteroclysis, MDCT, endoscopy, and pathology

This pictorial essay describes the most characteristic lesions and radiologic signs of Crohn disease of the small bowel: nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, abnormal mucosal folds, villous pattern, aphthous ulcerations, linear ulcerations, cobblestone pattern, string sign, target sign, comb sign, creeping fat, sinus tracts, fistulas, and abscesses. Each description includes the definition, a correlation with the pathologic findings, an explanation of the possible physiopathologic mechanism, sample radiologic images with air enteroclysis or MDCT, the correspondence with the endoscopic findings when possible, and a list of differential diagnoses.
Medical Process Modeling with a Hybrid System Dynamics Zachman Framework

Abstract Diagnoses are perhaps the most complex and crucial decisions within the modern healthcare enterprise. Models for complex healthcare decisions must incorporate consideration for the usual multiplicity of important factors, interacting feedback loops among these factors, and the dynamic nature of the full diagnostic arena. A diagnoses modeling technique that has the requisite variety of relevant considerations is presented. The technique has the potential to overcome mandatory time criteria, while considering the competence and robustness of high importance diagnostic decisions. In this study, descriptive narratives dictated by examining physicians who were directly involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients were examined in detail not only to extract key factors involved in medical decision making processes, but also to illustrate the wide ontological origin of key decision making factors. Important factors in the narratives were identified and mapped with a new System Dynamics methodology that incorporates a Zachman Framework for establishing the overall scope and context of the full medical decision making context within the modern medical enterprise. The two techniques produce a synergy that addresses the debilities of the techniques in isolation, allowing enhanced comprehension of diagnostic processes, and their improvement.
Depression outcome among a biracial sample of depressed urban elders.

Objectives: There are a paucity of long-term studies from the United States concerning predictors of outcome among depressed older community adults. This article examines predictors of depression in a biracial sample of older persons in Brooklyn, NY. Methods: The authors conducted a naturalistic study of 110 persons aged 55 years and older living in randomly selected block groups who had a Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) score of ≥8 at baseline. Persons were reassessed on an average of 3 years later. Their mean age was 69 years, 52% were women, and 35% were whites, and 65% were blacks, among whom 71% were African Caribbeans. Using George's Social Antecedent Model of Depression, the authors examined the impact of 13 predictor variables on two outcome measures: presence of either subsyndromal or syndromal depression (CES-D score ≥8) and presence of syndromal depression (CES-D score ≥16). To control for design effects, the authors used SUDAAN for the data analysis. Results: On follow-up, 82% and 88% of subsyndromally and syndromally depressed persons at baseline, respectively, were depressed (CES-D ≥8). In logistic regression, baseline depressive symptoms, baseline anxiety symptoms, greater increase in anxiety symptoms during the follow-up period, and higher locus of control were predictors of any level of depression. These four variables along with greater paranoid ideation and/or psychoses and more reliable social contacts were significant predictors of syndromal depression on follow-up. There were no inter- or intraracial differences in outcome. Conclusion: Depressed community elders in Brooklyn have highly unfavorable outcomes. Preventive strategies that target at-risk persons—i.e., especially those with baseline subsyndromal depression, greater anxiety symptoms, and more paranoid ideation and/or psychoses—may reduce the development of severe or persistent depression.
On the distribution of vitamins A1 and A2.

The distribution of vitamins A(1) and A(2) has been determined in the eye tissues and livers of a number of fishes. The vitamins were differentiated by means of the antimony chloride reaction, which yields with A(1) a band at 615-620 mmicro and with A(2) a band at about 696 mmicro. In the retina the presence of vitamin A(1) is diagnostic of the operation of a rhodopsin, and vitamin A(2) of a porphyropsin cycle. The eye tissues of all permanently marine fishes examined, except the tautog, contain vitamin A(1) alone. Those of all permanently freshwater fishes possess only vitamin A(2). Those of all euryhaline (potentially migratory) fishes, except possibly the alewife, contain mixtures of both vitamins A, and always predominantly that one which ordinarily is associated with the environment in which the fish is spawned. These correlations extend in part to the liver oils, but most livers contain mixtures of both vitamins A, and occasionally in proportions the reverse of those in the eye tissues. The vitamin A configuration does not depend upon environmental circumstances, but is determined genetically. The transfer from vitamin A(1) to A(2) metabolism appears associated phylogenetically with migration of marine teleosts into fresh water.
Mapping the coal fire at Centralia, Pa using thermal infrared imagery

Abstract Thermal infrared imagery (TIR) is being used to identify the location and intensity of heat released from mine fire vents in Centralia, PA. Recent TIR images collected from 2007, 2009, and 2010 have been combined with previously collected TIR airborne images and other data from 1971, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, and 2002–2003 to produce a map that reveals the thermal history of the region. Additionally, borehole data, direct observations, false color imagery and aerial photographs were used to locate fire location. The compilation of these images into one map provides a history of the progressive coal fire movement since it's ignition in 1962. The fire, which is thought to be located in the Buck Mountain coal bed (No. 5), at the base of the Llewellyn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian), can be traced along the limbs of the eastwardly plunging Locust Mountain Anticline. It is moving west at a rate of less than 2 m/yr, which is down from estimates made in previous decades of nearly 20–23 m/yr. Along one of the main fire fronts, TIR images reveal circular to semicircular patterns that represent zones of subsidence as the fire advances. Temperature readings from the TIR imagery and ground measurements suggest a variable thermal history with a declining overall temperature. Today, temperatures at gas vents generally do not exceed 65 °C. Given the changes in the fire over the years, it is suggested that the fire is decreasing in intensity and rate of movement as it moves deeper into the subsurface. Additionally, it may be encountering subsurface chambers where the anthracite coal has been removed. Preliminary CO/CO2 ratio measurements at gas vents are inconclusive but suggest oxygen is present in the subsurface. A decrease in coal, perhaps due to the shape of the coal bed or its absence due to mining, is the primary limiting factor affecting the rate of movement and temperature of the fire. This limited resource may cause the fire to smolder before naturally extinguishing. Early estimates predicted the fire would burn for a century or longer. This study suggests that the fire may extinguish earlier than previously thought.
A Wider Race? Interstate Competition across Health and Welfare Programs

Does interstate competition reduce welfare generosity? Most analyses of this question focus on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) benefit levels. The welfare-reducing logic of interstate competition should apply to all redistributive programs, however. We test for competitive effects more generally, examining several measures of welfare generosity for AFDC, Medicaid, and Supplemental Security Income-State (SSI-S) policy. We find evidence of interstate competition across multiple programs and measures over which states have authority. We also find variation in the effects that is consistent with variation in political debates across the programs.
Efficacy of platinum chemotherapy agents in the adjuvant setting for adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas

Background: Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) accounts for only 1-4% of all exocrine pancreatic cancers and carries a particularly poor prognosis. This retrospective study was performed to determine whether inclusion of a platinum agent as part of adjuvant therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with resected PASC. Methods: Records of all patients who underwent pancreatic resection at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1986 to 2012 were reviewed to identify those with PASC. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess for significant associations between patient characteristics and survival. Results: In total, 62 patients (1.1%) with resected PASC were identified among 5,627 cases. Median age was 68 [interquartile range (IQR), 57-77] and 44% were female. Multivariate analysis revealed that, among all patients (n=62), the following factors were independently predictive of poor survival: lack of adjuvant therapy [hazard ratio (HR) =3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-7.0; P 0.05). A second multivariable model included only those patients who received adjuvant therapy (n=39). Lack of inclusion of a platinum agent in the adjuvant regimen (HR =2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.8; P=0.040) and larger tumor diameter (HR =1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.6; P=0.047) were independent predictors of inferior survival. Conclusions: Addition of a platinum agent to adjuvant regimens for resected PASC may improve survival among these high-risk patients, though collaborative prospective investigation is needed.
Incremental natural language processing for HRI

Robots that interact with humans face-to-face using natural language need to be responsive to the way humans use language in those situations. We propose a psychologically-inspired natural language processing system for robots which performs incremental semantic interpretation of spoken utterances, integrating tightly with the robot's perceptual and motor systems.
Telemedicine, Telehealth and m-Health: New Frontiers in Medical Practice

Telemedicine is changing the practice of medicine. It is part of the ever-growing use of communications technology in health care being used in prevention, disease management, home health care, long-term (chronic) care, emergency medicine, remote medical imaging, and many other applications. The pace at which telemedicine is being adopted and integrated into the healthcare enterprise is exponential and, for many (even those in the field!), it is often difficult to keep up with all of the changes occurring. Thus, it is useful periodically to stand back and summarize recent advances, to take stock, analyze where we have been, and project where we are headed. [...]
Using Radio Telemetry to Assess Movement Patterns in a Giant Rhinoceros Beetle: Are There Differences Among Majors, Minors, and Females?

The Japanese horned beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is a peculiar example of a maledimorphic species that does not exhibit any alternative reproductive tactics. Typically, differences in male morphology correspond to marked differences in mating behaviors (Dominey 1984; Gross 1996). Large males tend to adopt aggressive, territorial tactics to attract and secure females, while small or otherwise inferior males try to mate via sneak or satellite tactics, or by dispersing away from dominant males (reviewed in Oliveira et al. 2008). Alternative reproductive tactics are expected to favor distinct male morphologies, because exaggerated weapons that confer fighting advantages to dominant males should impair dispersal and sneaking capabilities (Moczek and Emlen 2000; Madewell and Moczek 2006). Although alternative reproductive tactics have been described in a number of dimorphic beetle species (Eberhard 1982; Rasmussen 1994; Emlen 1997; Moczek and Emlen 2000), T. dichotomus major and minor males apparently do not have distinct mating behaviors. Large major males have a long, branched head horn and short, sharp thoracic horn that they use to pry rival males away from sap sites that attract females. Small minor males have short head and thoracic horns, yet they engage in direct combats with other males just as readily as major males, and do not fight in qualitatively different ways (Hongo 2003). Even though minor males engage in sneak-like behaviors, major males also sneak copulations, and the only male that is known to have successfully mated after sneaking was a major male (Hongo 2007). J Insect Behav (2013) 26:51–56 DOI 10.1007/s10905-012-9334-8
Generalization to conversational speech

Although changes in children's phonological systems due to treatment have been documented in single-word testing, changes in conversational speech are less well known. Single-word and conversation samples were analyzed for 10 phonologically disordered children, before and after treatment and 3 months later. Results suggest that for most of the children, there were system changes in both single words and in conversational speech. It appears that many phonologically disordered children are able to extend their correct production to conversation without direct treatment on spontaneous speech.
Analyzing the Residential Property Appraisal and Outcomes to Determine if a Property Tax Revolt is Imminent

Objectives Residential property tax protests have drawn public debate, but relatively little is known about who protests, the outcomes of protests, and consistency among local review boards. This study examines these topics among 171,228 homeowners of Tarrant County, Texas who filed a protest between 2001 and 2009. Methods Using data from an appraisal district in Texas, this study examines market differences, housing types, and appraisal board outcomes over time to assess the degree to which market predictors contribute to differences in protest rates and outcomes in 40 municipalities. Results Protest rates tend to change little over time and hold within a narrow range. A small percentage of protests conclude with a full hearing; decisions tend to favor protestors. Conclusions Contrary to public opinion, protests are not surging. For protestors, market value within their communities emerges as a better predictor of filing a protest than simply market value of individual properties.
Forced Expression of Keratin 16 Alters the Adhesion, Differentiation, and Migration of Mouse Skin Keratinocytes

Injury to the skin results in an induction of keratins K6, K16, and K17 concomitant with activation of keratinocytes for reepithelialization. Forced expression of human K16 in skin epithelia of transgenic mice causes a phenotype that mimics several aspects of keratinocyte activation. Two types of transgenic keratinocytes, with forced expression of either human K16 or a K16-C14 chimeric cDNA, were analyzed in primary culture to assess the impact of K16 expression at a cellular level. High K16-C14-expressing and low K16-expressing transgenic keratinocytes behave similar to wild type in all aspects tested. In contrast, high K16-expressing transgenic keratinocytes show alterations in plating efficiency and calcium-induced differentiation, but proliferate normally. Migration of keratinocytes is reduced in K16 transgenic skin explants compared with controls. Finally, a subset of high K16-expressing transgenic keratinocytes develops major changes in the organization of keratin filaments in a time- and calcium concentration-dependent manner. These changes coincide with alterations in keratin content while the steady-state levels of K16 protein remain stable. We conclude that forced expression of K16 in progenitor skin keratinocytes directly impacts properties such as adhesion, differentiation, and migration, and that these effects depend upon determinants contained within its carboxy terminus.
Multiple classifier fusion for handwritten word recognition

A method for fusing recognition results from multiple handwritten word recognition algorithms is presented. The fusion algorithm relies on a novel application of the Choquet fuzzy integral. The novel application uses data dependent densities for the fuzzy measure. Three handwritten word recognition algorithms are described. A recognition rate of 88% is achieved on the bd city word test set from standard SUNY CDROM database. This rate is higher than those achieved using Borda counts, weighted counts, and fuzzy integrals with data-independent densities.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene derivatives as potential anti-bacterial agents and β-lactamase inhibitors

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis of a series of 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene compounds and subsequent results obtained from biological testing, for anti-microbial potency and β-lactamase inhibition activity. It was determined that a number of compounds possessed some β-lactamase inhibition efficacy.
Insecurities of the Workers in the Informal Enterprises: A Study of West Bengal in Comparison to Kerala

In the present study we have used the National Sample Survey (NSS) sixty-sixth round (2009-10) unit level data to analyze the various forms of insecurity faced by the workers in the informal sector enterprises of West Bengal and Kerala. The methodological framework of seven forms of insecurities developed by Standing (1999, 2008) is used in the present study. Given the fact that both West Bengal and Kerala are pro-labour states, we try to investigate the differences in the status of the informal workers within the framework of seven forms of insecurities. In a few cases observations from all-India data are added to the entire analysis of comparison between the two states. The analysis finds out that the workers in the informal enterprises irrespective of which state they belong to do not enjoy any employment security (written job contract) and work security (paid leave or social security benefits). In a few cases the observations obtained in Kerala differ from that of West Bengal particularly with respect to skill security. A large number of casual workers in West Bengal are illiterates which have also reduced their access towards obtaining vocational training. The lack of training increases the risk of getting insecure jobs. Another important aspect of vulnerability of the workers is the social groups to which they belong. With respect to income security the condition of the informal workers in West Bengal are worsened as well as they have low collective strength which further accentuates the work related insecurities.
Analyzing the Effect of Massachusetts' ET Choices Program on the State's Afdc-Basic Caseload

At the center of the JOBS program of the Family Support Act is the placement of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients into work-related activities. Massachusetts' Em ployment and Training (ET) Choices Program, which predates JOBS, is a work incentive (WIN) demonstration based on the premise that AFDC recipients will choose work over welfare if presented with genuine opportunities for economic improvement. In this study, models of the Massachusetts AFDC-Basic caseload are developed to estimate what the caseload would have been in the absence of the ET Choices Program. The results indicate that ET Choices successfully reduced the basic caseload over its first 18 months of operation, but had little effect during the second half of the 3-year evaluation period.
A Discourse of Telling and Professional Equity

I explore the “discourse of telling,” a central dilemma that occurred in each of two synchronous contexts of a professional development project: the classrooms in which the participant teacher-researchers were teaching and the study-group community in which we discussed readings on classroom discourse and the ongoing action research projects. The dilemmas associated with a discourse of telling are related to equity and discourse because authority, control and power are central in decisions about when, how, why and in what ways one might decide to tell. I provide retrospective reflections about how exploring these two different project contexts might have allowed us to examine the discourse of telling in ways that seemed to open up perspectives about the critical dimension of equity.
Naturally Occurring Hallucinogens III

(1971). Naturally Occurring Hallucinogens I. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 1774-1784.
Plagiarism in publications by Dr. Andrzej Jendryczko

The paper reviews the formal action taken by the Silesian Medical University (SMU) in Katowice, against a professor who mass-produced plagiarized papers over many years. Plagiarized publications were based on articles of other authors, published in the European and American medical journals. Over 40 papers written by Andrzej Jendryczko, PhD, a former professor of biochemistry at SMU were declared to be plagiarized. Most of these publications have been retracted from Polish and international medical databases (Medline) by the editors of the journals involved. Dr. Jendryczko resigned in March 1998 from the Czestochowa Polytechnic, where he was a professor and Deputy Director of the Institute. Disciplinary action against him has still not been taken, because he is on sick leave. Criticizing some formal steps taken by SMU, the author proposes to establish a national committee for scientific misconduct. This independent committee, should be able by law to supervise the investigation in all Polish cases in academia which are suspected of scientific fraud. The committee also should have the power to initiate and conduct the investigation.