cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of carbonate cementation of underthrust sediments on deformation styles during underplating

Fluids expelled during deformation at convergent margins lead to a variety of diagenetic reactions, including carbonate cementation, which alter the rheology of the deforming sediment. The volume of carbonate cement in shallow sediments at modern convergent margins is small, but sandstones in an ancient accretionary complex in Alaska contain significant amounts of carbonate cement that formed before underplating occurred. Other than vein calcite, carbonates are early calcite replacing framework grains or filling pore spaces, followed by ankerite that occurs mainly as pore-filling cement. Amounts range from 2–16 weight percent in typical samples, averaging about 9 weight percent. Mean porosity filled by carbonate in Kodiak sandstones corresponds to porosities expected at depths of 4–5 km in normal compacting sands underthrust at modem convergent margins. The temperatures of formation are difficult to determine precisely, but were probably between 100°C and 200°C. The bulk of cementation occurred before the formation of thrust faults, folds, and slaty cleavage related to underplating. Lithification by cementation changed the rheology of sandstones by (1) filling pore space and increasing peak strength, and (2) increasing cohesion so that paniculate flow was no longer a viable deformation mechanism. Lithification before significant deformation contributed to underplating of the Kodiak Formation as relatively coherent duplexes.
Concerns about pain management among adolescents with cancer: developing the Adolescent Barriers Questionnaire.

Investigators have examined barriers to pain management in adults with cancer, but these patient-related barriers have rarely been studied in adolescents. This article summarizes 2 studies used in the development and initial psychometric testing of the Adolescent Barriers Questionnaire (ABQ). Building on the Barriers Questionnaire-II, the ABQ is designed to measure the extent to which adolescents with cancer have concerns about reporting pain and using analgesics. Study 1 was a qualitative study investigating pain management concerns of 5 adolescents with cancer. Concerns emerged that could potentially impede pain management such as fear of addiction and worry about communicating pain to parents and providers. Each of the adolescents revealed at least 1 concern about pain management or held fatalistic beliefs that cancer pain cannot be relieved. In study 2, content validity of the preliminary ABQ (52 items assessing 13 barrier sub-scales) was assessed by 2 panels, adolescents with cancer and clinicians. B...
The utility of carborne radiometric surveys in petroleum exploration of glaciated regions

Carborne gamma radiation surveys over petroleum reservoirs and faults in the glaciated Michigan Basin suggest that this mobile technique may be useful in reconnaissance subsurface exploration, especially in fault detection. This conclusion assumes favorable surface conditions, as well as proper instrumentation, field procedures, and interpretive techniques. Glaciated regions are relatively undesirable terrains for gamma radiation surveys. Thick deposits of glacial drift appear to repress the detection of subsurface features. Furthermore, extremely heterogeneous soil conditions, which are characteristic of many glaciated regions, result in excessive radiation interference. The operational conditions which produced optimum results consisted of continuous profiling on unconsolidated roads, employing two simultaneously operated scintillation counters. Optimum detection was obtained during relatively cool nighttime traverses.
Progression of aortic stenosis in 394 patients: relation to changes in myocardial and mitral valve dysfunction.

Objectives. This study reports the results of echocardiographic follow-up in a large cohort of patients with aortic stenosis and correlates the progression of aortic stenosis with changes in the degree of mitral regurgitation and left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction. Background. Progressive aortic stenosis often causes left ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. Doppler echocardiography has greatly assisted in the noninvasive evaluation and follow-up of aortic stenosis. Nevertheless, the longitudinal follow-up of patients with Doppler echocardiography for the progression of aortic stenosis and the significance of progressive ventricular hypertrophy and mitral regurgitation have not been reported. Methods. Serial Doppler echocardiography was performed in 394 consecutive patients with valvular aortic stenosis at baseline and after a mean follow-up period of 37 ± 16 months. Mean and peak aortic gradients, aortic valve area, left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters and percent area change (shortening fraction) were expressed as continuous variables, and systolic dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, ventricular hypertrophy and filling properties were tabulated as categoric variables using a semiquantitative grading system. Results. Peak and mean gradients increased by an average of 8.3 and 6.3 mm Hg/year, respectively; end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters increased by 1.9 and 1.6 mm/year, respectively; and aortic valve area decreased by 0.14 cm2/year during the follow-up interval (p < 0.001 for all), indicating progression of aortic stenosis and ventricular dilation. Patients in the lowest quartile of aortic valve area and highest quartiles of mean and peak gradients had the least change compared with those in the highest quartile of aortic valve area and lowest quartile of mean and peak gradients (p < 0.01 for all). Patients with more mitral regurgitation at follow-up than at baseline had higher mean percent increase in mean and peak gradients as well as more progression of ventricular dilation and worsening systolic function compared with those with stable or improving mitral regurgitation (p < 0.05 for all). Similarly, subjects with worsening-left ventricular hypertrophy had larger mean percent increase in mean and peak gradients than those with stable left ventricular hypertrophy (p < 0.01) but maintained stable ventricular volumes and systolic function. There was no correlation between the amount of change in mean or peak gradients and degree of deterioration in systolic function. Conclusions. Aortic stenosis progresses predictably over time; however, systolic dysfunction is an inconsistent marker of the hemodynamic consequences of severe aortic stenosis. As an adaptive response to pressure overload, progressive hypertrophy appears to prevent ventricular dilation and development or worsening of mitral regurgitation. Conversely, progressive mitral regurgitation may be seen as a maladaptive consequence of increasing aortic stenosis.
Patterns of inheritance in familial prune belly syndrome

We present a case of familial prune belly syndrome and review potential modes of inheritance for the syndrome. A total of 11 cases of familial prune belly syndrome have been reported. These cases were reviewed and possible modes of inheritance were determined for each case. Our review strongly suggests a sex-influenced autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Use of Novel Markers for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease: Updates from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

The development of technology has led to evolution in the risk assessment for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current preventive guidelines for CVD recommend that management decisions should be based on risk assessment, which prototypically involves calculation of estimated risk using tools such as the Framingham risk score. This review will discuss some improved methods of risk stratification for CVD including the use of novel risk markers studied in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Compared to several novel serum biomarkers, coronary artery calcium (CAC) offered a significantly higher improvement in discrimination and reclassification over both Framingham risk score and Reynolds risk score for individuals identified as having intermediate risk for CVD.
Recovery of neural activity from nerve cuff electrodes

The ability to recover signals from the peripheral nerves would provide natural and physiological signals for controlling artificial limbs and neural prosthetic devices. Current cuff electrode systems can provide multiple channels but the signals have low signal to noise ratio and are difficult to recover. Previous work has shown that beamforming algorithms provide a method to extract such signals from peripheral nerve activiy [1]. This paper describes in-silico and in vivo experiments done to validate that method in a more realistic case. A modified beam forming algorithm capable of significantly decrease cross talk between channels is described and the results of the a 16-channel Flat Interface Nerve Electrode used to recover signals from the sciatic nerve in rabbit while the distal tibial and peroneal branches were stimulated The beamforming spatial filters were able to distinguish which branch was being stimulated, and in many cases how strongly, over a large range of stimulation intensities.
Objective Classification of Atlantic Hurricanes

Abstract Previous groupings of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity into baroclinically influenced and tropical-only hurricanes have required subjective evaluations. In this paper, a set of statistically significant and valid rules are introduced that objectify this previously subjective evaluation. This is done with the aid of classification trees. The tree classifications are better than 90% accurate with respect to an earlier subjective discrimination. Objective classification rules are the basis for a climatology of Atlantic hurricanes. The average latitude of origin for tropical-only hurricanes is 18.8°N, compared to 29.1°N for baroclinically influenced storms. The baroclinically influenced hurricane season extends from-mid May to December, while the tropical-only season is largely confined to the months of August through October. There is a fairly abrupt shift to fewer numbers of tropical-only hurricanes around 1960.
A macroscopic traffic data assimilation framework based on Fourier-Galerkin method and minimax estimation

In this paper, we propose a new framework for macroscopic traffic state estimation based on the Fourier-Galerkin projection method and minimax state estimation approach. We assign a Fourier-Galerkin reduced model to a partial differential equation describing a macroscopic model of traffic flow. Taking into account a priori estimates for the projection error, we apply the minimax method to construct the state estimate for the reduced model that gives us, in turn, the estimate of the Fourier-Galerkin coefficients associated with a solution if the original macroscopic model. We illustrate our approach with a numerical example.
Regulation of Zipper-interacting Protein Kinase Activity in Vitro and in Vivo by Multisite Phosphorylation

Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) is a widely expressed serine/threonine kinase implicated in cell death and smooth muscle contractility, but its mechanism of regulation is unknown. We have identified six phosphorylation sites in ZIPK that regulate both its enzyme activity and localization, including Thr180, Thr225, Thr265, Thr299, Thr306, and Ser311. Mutational analysis showed that phosphorylation of Thr180 in the kinase activation T-loop, Thr225 in the substrate-binding groove, and Thr265 in kinase subdomain X is essential for full ZIPK autophosphorylation and activity toward exogenous substrates. Abrogation of phosphorylation of Thr299, Thr306, and Ser311 had little effect on enzyme activity, but mutation of Thr299 and Thr300 to alanine resulted in redistribution of ZIPK from the cytosol to the nucleus. Mutation of Thr299 alone to alanine caused ZIPK to assume a diffuse cellular localization, whereas T299D redistributed the enzyme to the cytoplasm. C-terminal truncations of ZIPK at amino acid 273 or 342 or mutation of the leucine zipper motif increased ZIPK activity toward exogenous substrates by severalfold, suggesting a phosphorylation-independent autoinhibitory role for the C-terminal domain. Additionally, mutation of the leucine zipper reduced the ability of ZIPK to oligomerize and also caused ZIPK to relocalize from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in vivo. Together, our findings show that ZIPK is positively regulated by phosphorylation within its kinase domain and that it contains an inhibitory C-terminal domain that controls enzyme activity, localization, and oligomerization.
Subunit Complementation of Escherichia coli Adenylosuccinate Synthetase

Abstract Data are presented, based upon subunit complementation experiments, that suggest that Escherichia coli adenylosuccinate synthetase contains two shared active sites between its dimeric interface. This conclusion was alluded to by use of mutant forms of adenylosuccinate synthetase previously prepared by site-directed mutagenesis. The experiments indicate that, although the R143L and D13A mutants have low or no activity independently, when they are mixed, a significant amount of activity was obtained. These results indicate that the subunits exchange with each other to form heterodimers with a single viable wild-type active site. The kcat value for the active hybrid active site in the R143L-D13A heterodimer is virtually identical to that observed with the wild-type enzyme, and the other kinetic parameters are very similar to those found for the wild-type enzyme. An analysis of the restoration of the activity in the presence of substrates suggests that GTP and IMP stabilize the dimeric structure of the protein. A comparison of the restoration of the activity using different combinations of mutants provides evidence indicating that some of the GTP binding elements, including the P-loop, in the protein are important for subunit integrity. Also, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of subunit complementation is performed for the two inactive mutants (R143L and D13A) where the dissociation constants for the R143L-D13A heterodimer and the D13A homodimer were determined to be 21 and 2.9 μM, respectively. A concentration dependence of the specific activity of the wild-type protein in this study shows that the Kd for dimer dissociation is approximately 1 μM.
Hodgkin's disease with lymphocyte predominance: long-term results based on current histopathologic criteria.

Abstract Purpose: To define the disease course, therapeutic strategies, patterns and rates of relapse and causes of death for patients with Hodgkin’s disease with lymphocyte predominance (LPHD) and to assess prognostic factors including nodular and diffuse histologic patterns. Patients and Methods: The records of all previously untreated patients with LPHD who received initial treatment at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) from 1960 through 1992 were reviewed. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics, specifically nodular and diffuse LPHD, and treatment groups were assessed by overall and relapse-free survival, patterns of relapse, and causes of death. Results: Of 70 patients, 58 (83%) had nodular LPHD and 12 (17%) had a diffuse pattern: clinical characteristics were similar between the two subtypes. The median age of all patients was 25 years, 79% were male, 96% presented with stage I or II disease and 93% were free of B symptoms. Laparotomy (23 patients) failed to upstage any patient with a negative lymphogram. With a median follow-up of 12.3 years for alive patients, 19 (27%) patients have relapsed. All 3 relapses among the patients with diffuse subtype occurred within 3 years while 9 of 16 relapses occurred after 5 years with nodular subtype. However, we did not detect any statistically significant difference in relapse free survival or survival between the subtypes in our patient population. There was some suggestion that patients aged 40 and older experienced shorter survival; no other pretreatment characteristics were noted to be associated with relapse free survival or survival. Though there were no relapses within the radiation fields, no effect of extent of radiation therapy on relapse rate was observed. Thirteen (19%) patients have died, 6 (8.6%) of whom succumbed to LPHD. Two patients developed diffuse large cell lymphoma. Conclusions: Patients with LPHD usually present with localized and asymptomatic disease. Laparotomy is unnecessary if the lymphogram is negative. Nodular histology occurred in the majority of patients. Though all relapses from diffuse subtype occurred within 3 years in contrast to some late relapses observed for nodular subtype, there was no statistically significant difference in relapse free survival or survival between the subtypes. The extent of irradiation had no effect on relapse free survival or survival. We could not find any evidence that LPHD should be treated any different from the classical Hodgkin’s disease at this point despite suggestions that it be classified as a non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma.
Use of protein database for the computation of the dipole moments of normal and abnormal hemoglobins

Previously, we discussed the calculation of the dipole moments of small proteins using the three-dimensional protein data-base. Our results demonstrate that the calculated dipole moments are in acceptable agreement with measured values. We, however, noted the difficulty of the calculation with larger proteins, in particular those consisting of several subunits. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein having a molecular weight of 64,000 that consists of four subunits, a typical case where the computation was found to be difficult. To circumvent the difficulties, we calculated the dipole moment of each subunit separately. The dipole moment of the whole protein was calculated by the vectorial summation of subunit moments. With this method, the calculated net dipole moment is in good agreement with the experimental value. Our calculation shows that the dipole moment vectors of subunits are, by and large, antiparallel in tetramers causing partial cancellation of the net dipole moment. In addition to normal HbA, the dipole moment of abnormal HbS was calculated using an approximate computational technique. Because of the loss of two negative changes as a result of the replacement of glutamic acid with valine in beta-chains, the dipole moment of HbS was found, experimentally and theoretically, to be significantly smaller than that of HbA.
Reaction of allylsilanes with diethylene(η5-indenyl)rhodium(I)

Abstract Allyltrimethylsilane is catalytically isomerized to propenyltrimethylsilane when heated with diethylene(η 5 -indenyl)rhodium(I). Diallyldimethylsilane reacts stoichiometrically to form [(η 2 -CH 2 CHCH 2 )(η 2 -CH 3 CHCH)SiMe 2 (η 5 -indenyl)rhodium(I)] ( 1 ) in 74% yield. 1 H and 13 C NMR data are reported for 1 .
Characterizing temporal development of biofilm porosity using artificial neural networks

We used artificial neural networks (ANN) to compute parameters characterising biofilm structure from biofilm images and to interpolate a limited number of experimental data characterising the effects of nutrient concentration and flow velocity on the areal porosity of biofilms. ANN were trained using a set of experimental data characterising structural parameters of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC #700829), Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC #700830) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC #700831) for various flow velocities and glucose concentrations. We used 80% of the data to train ANN and 10% of the data to validate the results, which is routinely carried out as a countermeasure against overtraining. Trained ANN were used to interpolate into the data set and evaluate the missing 10% of the data. To compare ANN accuracy in evaluating the missing data with the accuracies achieved using other interpolation algorithms, we used spline, cubic, linear and nearest-neighbour interpolation algorithms to evaluate the missing data. ANN estimates were consistently closer to the experimental data than the estimates made using the other methods.
Incidence and patterns of neuraxis metastases in children with diffuse pontine glioma.

Purpose We performed a retrospective study of patients with diffuse pontine glioma (DPG) who suffered neuraxis metastasis (NM) and characterized the incidence, clinical features, radiologic findings, and patterns of disease dissemination.
Influence of Edaphic Factors on Sugar Maple Nutrition and Health on the Allegheny Plateau

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline has been a problem on the Allegheny Plateau for the last two decades. Previous work found that sugar maple is predisposed to decline by poor nutrition and incited to decline by severe insect defoliation. Nutritional diagnoses have been based on foliar chemistry; there is little information on soil attributes that influence susceptibility. We evaluated relationships among soil characteristics, foliar chemistry, and sugar maple decline for 43 stands on the Allegheny Plateau in New York and Pennsylvania using correlation and stepwise regression techniques. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations correlated with soil exchangeable cations expressed on a concentration or site capital basis. Expression of base cation availability as a saturation value, or in ratio with Al, slightly improved the relationships, suggesting that antagonistic cations are important to sugar maple nutrition. The best predictions of foliar chemistry were made by regressions that considered soil chemistry across the depth of the B horizon, suggesting the importance of looking at more than one depth to assess nutrition. Landscape position and glacial history determined whether weathering products were effectively delivered to the rooting zone, resulting in the observed landscape gradients. All declining stands were on unglaciated upper landscape positions where soils had lower Ca and Mg levels compared with other landscape positions. Declining stands had <2% Ca saturation and <0.5% Mg saturation in the upper B and <4% Ca saturation and <0.6% Mg saturation in the lower B. These thresholds may be useful in predicting susceptibility to sugar maple decline.
Precise concrete type inference for object-oriented languages

Concrete type information is invaluable for program optimization. The determination of concrete types in object-oriented languages is a flow sensitive global data flow problem. It is made difficult by dynamic dispatch (virtual function invocation) and first class functions (and selectors)—the very program structures for whose optimization its results are most critical. Previous work has shown that constraint-based type inference systems can be used to safely approximate concrete types [15], but their use can be expensive and their results imprecise.We present an incremental constraint-based type inference which produces precise concrete type information for a much larger class of programs at lower cost. Our algorithm extends the analysis in response to discovered imprecisions, guiding the analysis' effort to where it is most productive. This produces precise information at a cost proportional to the type complexity of the program. Many programs untypable by previous approaches or practically untypable due to computational expense, can be precisely analyzed by our new algorithm. Performance results, precision, and running time, are reported for a number of concurrent object-oriented programs. These results confirm the algorithm's precision and efficiency.
FIBRODYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA (FOP) PRESENTS IN CHILDHOOD AS“SCLEREDEMA”. 2341

Two children with subcutaneous edema of the neck (“bull neck”) were referred for rheumatology evaluation in a two month period. A 4y girl following a fall at age 15 mos had subgaleal swelling and then repetitive mysterious “lumps” in her scalp measuring 3 × 2cm and 7mm deep. At age 4 she developed sudden massive neck swelling extending down to the chest wall and axillae, threatening the airway and seriously impeding shoulder motion. One year later she developed “wishbones” in her axillae; in retrospect she was recognized to have little “bunions”(developmental abnormality) in her great toes. A previously well 4 year old boy developed a “bull neck” with “scleredema” progressing down the trunk but sparing the face. Following this he had intermittent episodes of subcutaneous edema, once with massive scrotal edema. A year later he developed typical heterotopic ossification of soft tissues. Following diagnosis of FOP it was recalled that as a neonate he had“reconstruction of bilaterally duplicated hallux”. Mysterious episodic swellings and toe abnormalities should suggest a diagnosis of FOP long before heterotopic ossification can be demonstrated. The swellings, which may last from weeks to months, are lymphedema and non-inflammatory. This has not previously been recognized.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism in X-Ray Absorption and Core-Level Photoemission

Here is reported observation of magnetic circular dichroism in both x-ray absorption and core-level photoemission of ultra thin magnetic films using circularly polarized x-rays. Iron films (1--4 ML) grown on a Cu(001) substrate at 150 K and magnetized perpendicular to the surface show dramatic changes in the L{sub 2,3} branching ratio for different x-ray polarizations. For linearly-polarized x-rays perpendicular to the magnetic axis of the sample the branching ratio was 0.75. For films {ge} 2 ML, this ratio varied from 0.64 to 0.85 for photon spin parallel and anti-parallel, respectively, to the magnetic axis. This effect was observed either by changing the x-ray helicity for a fixed magnetic axis, or by reversing the magnetic axis for a fixed x-ray helicity. Our observation can be analyzed within a simple one-electron picture, if the raw branching ratios are no so that the linear value becomes statistical Furthermore, warming the films to {approximately}300 K eliminated this effect, indicating a loss of magnetization in the film over a temperature range of {approximately}30 K. Finally, reversing the relative orientation of the photon spin and the magnetic axis from parallel to anti-parallel allowed measurement of the exchange splitting of the Fe 2p and 3p core levelsmore » which were found to be 0.3 eV and 0.2 eV. respectively. These results are consistent with earlier studies, but the use of off-plane circularly-polarized x-rays from a bending magnet monochromator offers {approximately}2 orders of magnitude greater intensity than typical spin-polarization measurements. Finally, we have performed preliminary x-ray absorption studies of UFe{sub 2}, demonstrating the feasibilty of MCD measurements in 5f as well as 3d materials.« less
RESTORE: robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection.

Signal variability in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is influenced by both thermal noise and spatially and temporally varying artifacts such as subject motion and cardiac pulsation. In this paper, the effects of DWI artifacts on estimated tensor values, such as trace and fractional anisotropy, are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. A novel approach for robust diffusion tensor estimation, called RESTORE (for robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection), is proposed. This method uses iteratively reweighted least-squares regression to identify potential outliers and subsequently exclude them. Results from both simulated and clinical diffusion data sets indicate that the RESTORE method improves tensor estimation compared to the commonly used linear and nonlinear least-squares tensor fitting methods and a recently proposed method based on the Geman–McClure M-estimator. The RESTORE method could potentially remove the need for cardiac gating in DWI acquisitions and should be applicable to other MR imaging techniques that use univariate or multivariate regression to fit MRI data to a model.
Cellular Gene Expression upon Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of CD4+-T-Cell Lines

The expression levels of approximately 4,600 cellular RNA transcripts were assessed in CD4(+)-T-cell lines at different times after infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain BRU (HIV-1(BRU)) using DNA microarrays. We found that several classes of genes were inhibited by HIV-1(BRU) infection, consistent with the G(2) arrest of HIV-1-infected cells induced by Vpr. These included genes involved in cell division and transcription, a family of DEAD-box proteins (RNA helicases), and all genes involved in translation and splicing. However, the overall level of cell activation and signaling was increased in infected cells, consistent with strong virus production. These included a subgroup of transcription factors, including EGR1 and JUN, suggesting they play a specific role in the HIV-1 life cycle. Some regulatory changes were cell line specific; however, the majority, including enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, of changes were regulated in most infected cell lines. Compendium analysis comparing gene expression profiles of our HIV-1 infection experiments to those of cells exposed to heat shock, interferon, or influenza A virus indicated that HIV-1 infection largely induced specific changes rather than simply activating stress response or cytokine response pathways. Thus, microarray analysis confirmed several known HIV-1 host cell interactions and permitted identification of specific cellular pathways not previously implicated in HIV-1 infection. Continuing analyses are expected to suggest strategies for impacting HIV-1 replication in vivo by targeting these pathways.
Laboratory Evaluation of Rubidium as a Long-Lasting Marker for Bloodfeeding Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the trace element rubidium (Rb) as a long-lasting systemic biomarker for bloodfeeding females of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli. Baits containing Rb chloride were found to be palatable to hamsters in this study. We were able to detect Rb using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer in all sand flies that fed on Rb-treated hamsters for at least 14 d postbloodmeal. We also detected Rb in sand flies that took a bloodmeal from hamsters up to 10 d after the hamsters were withdrawn from a Rb-treated diet. Results of this study constitute proof of concept for the incorporation of Rb chloride into rodent baits for marking bloodfeeding sand flies, and suggest that Rb marking could be used as a technique for evaluating rodent-targeted sand fly control methods and in ecological studies on sand flies.
Notes from Marikana, South Africa: The Platinum Miners’ Strike, the Massacre, and the Struggle for Equivalence

This note reflects on the August 2012 miners' strike at Marikana, South Africa in light of a century long history of violence associated with worker actions in that country and elsewhere in the Global South. It suggests that the breakaway union's allegedly ‘illegal’ strike fits within a long tradition of radical worker activism in South Africa, which is best understood in light of anticolonial efforts to short-circuit the chronologies of imperial power. The Marikana strike, like anticolonial rebellions during the early twentieth century and, critically, white worker struggles following First World War, was an effort to speed up the process by which the value of workers’ lives and labor might be made equivalent to those in power.
Economic Pressure and Children's Psychological Functioning.

We examined the mediating role of family dynamics (marital quality, parental depression) in the link between economic pressure and child psychological functioning using the data from the National Survey of Family and Households (NSFH). From the initial multiethnic probability sample, we used a subsample of 2998 parents with a focal child 5 to 17 years of age. We used structural equation modeling using AMOS 4.0 to test the model. The results indicated support for associations among economic pressure, marital quality, parental depression, parenting strategies and children outcomes. Economic pressure was associated with lower marital quality and higher depression. Higher conflict and psychological distress was associated with frequent use of harsh discipline techniques and lower psychological functioning in children.
Structural Design and Analysis of Canted–Cosine–Theta Dipoles

The Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) magnet design offers significant reductions in conductor stress by using mandrels to prevent the accumulation of operating Lorentz forces. Each mandrel consists of a cylindrical spar with ribs guiding the conductor. These ribs intercept the turn-to-turn accumulation of forces by transferring them to the spar. Design studies of a layered CCT coil pack coupled to a shell-based structure are shown. The use of a 3-D periodic symmetry region to reduce the problem size for finite element modeling is detailed along with a discussion of axial boundary conditions. ANSYS calculation results for a two layer NbTi dipole being constructed at LBNL (CCT1) are presented. ANSYS calculations show the Lorentz force induced stress in CCT1 at the single turn level, demonstrating interception and suggesting investigation of CCT design with minimal structure external to the coil pack.
Coevolution of male courtship and sexual conflict characters in mosquitofish

Coerced copulations cause sexual conflict: they enhance male fitness at a potential cost to female fitness. In contrast, male display allows female mate choice and stimulates cooperation, and so is thought to be an alternative to coercion. Here, we investigate the evolutionary relationship between coercion and display in Gambusia, a genus of poeciliid fish. We used a novel Markov chain method to quantify the transition rate from a male display to a copulatory thrust (the display-to-thrust [DT] rate), which we use to measure the importance of male display to copulation. We assess the potential for male coercion and the female response to coercion based on morphology. We found positive relationships between DT rate and 2 morphologies that are indicative of coercion: male gonopodium shape and the male morphological mating advantage (the ratio of gonopodium shape to female papilla size scores). We suggest that male display can cause the evolution of traits involved in sexually antagonistic coevolution, or conversely that display can evolve as a byproduct of sexual antagonism.
Forecasting intracranial pressure elevation using pulse waveform morphology

Management of intracranial pressure (ICP) following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an essential aspect of minimizing such secondary brain injuries as intracranial hypertension and cerebral hypoxia. Currently, ICU management of ICP elevations is reactive in nature; we propose a quantitative method to predict potentially harmful elevations in ICP. Methods - Continuous intracranial pressure measurements were obtained from 37 patients at the UCLA Medical Center. Intracranial hypertension (IH) episodes were identified along with slow wave segments (used for control sets). Four, five minute segments were then constructed from the IH episode: one from the onset of ICP elevation (pre-IH #0) along with sets 5, 20, and 35 minutes prior to the elevation (pre-IH #5, #20, #35 respectively). Quantification and recognition of the three ICP sub peaks was performed using our group’s algorithm termed Morphological Clustering and Analysis of Intracranial Pressure (MOCAIP). Furthermore, a quadratic classifier (QDC) was used to determine the metrics with the greatest predictive power. These metrics were then used to compare the control data set to the data sets described previously. Results – From the ten most frequently selected metrics each of the four pre- intracranial hypertension (pre-IH) segments were compared with the control. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (AC) were determined for each set with a SEN and SPE for the data set five minutes prior to ICP elevation of 90% and 75% respectively. Conclusion - Combining the MOCAIP analysis, QDC classification, and bootstrap method of statistical sampling, our analysis has the potential to predict an ICP elevation event 20 minutes prior to the event onset.
Managing Innovation: An Empirical study of innovation and Change in Public and Private Companies

The purpose of this research was to study the impact of innovation and change in public and private companies and its relationship to the overall net income or losses in the respective companies. The research describes and explains the relationship between managers/leaders and how innovation and change is perceived in these companies by the key employees’. The factors that will be considered in this study are the behavioral aspects of employees’ perception of innovation, and their ability to accept change in their respective daily functions. Results for Hypothesis 1 for all companies based on the surveyed results demonstrate that under favorable economic conditions companies with good leadership easily implement innovation and have favorable bottom line. Hypothesis 2 for all companies also demonstrates that under favorable economic conditions employees that are open to Innovation and Change in Public and Private Companies directly translates to a favorable bottom line.
Quality of Care: Time to Make the Grade

When the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported in December 1999 that as many as 98 000 persons die each year because of medical errors, the media and the public “got it” with respect to the problems in health care quality. Yet for clinicians and researchers, much of the information in the IOM report was already familiar.1 Errors of commission or omission are just one dimension of the quality challenge facing health care today. Decades of health services research have repeatedly demonstrated that the quality of health care often falls short of good, let alone ideal.2–4 In the past 5 years, this extensive literature has been used to inform and galvanize action in both the public and private sectors. Several important milestones have occurred. In 1998, …
Pupil‐involving third‐nerve palsy and carotid stenosis: Rapid recovery following endarterectomy

We report a patient who presented with a painful pupil-involving third-nerve palsy. Cerebral angiography revealed a high-grade stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with a 4-cm intraluminal thrombus. Following emergent carotid endarterectomy, the patient's partial third-nerve palsy resolved in 1 hour. A pupil-involving third-nerve palsy may be an unusual presentation of impending carotid occlusion.
The Good Hacker: A Look at the Role of Hacktivism in Democracy

“Hacker” is an extremely opaque, arguably insidious word. It conjures images of a computer mastermind with an appetite for destruction, theft, and a cocktail of illegal ambitions. This stereotype leaves little room for images of moral crusaders in the tradition of Martin Luther King, Jr. or Mahatma Ghandi. Yet, there are hackers who more closely resemble such icons than the cyber-criminals often associated with the hacker moniker. These other hackers have their own label — hacktivists. This article explores the role of hacktivists in democracy and discusses domestic laws that make hacktivist activities illegal. The article further explores how these restrictive laws are inconsistent with democratic tradition and international law, and how domestic law should be reformed to eliminate this inconsistency.
Developing practical reflectors for cylindrical and compact fluorescent lamps based on nonimaging optics

The authors investigate the application of nonimaging concentrators to the design of reflectors for luminaires. An interpretation of the concentration ratio-a statement of the conservation of flux-relative to the properties of a source and reflector is given. The result is used to develop practical compound parabolic (CP) reflector geometries that accommodate modern lamps. For the cylindrical and compact fluorescent lamps, the concentration ratio is used to show how the size and output performance of the CP reflector can be improved relative to the luminous and geometric properties of the lamp. The addition of a nonimaging louver as a potentially significant design step once the reflector has been suitably designed relative to the lamp is also considered. It is noted that accurate data on the luminous emitting properties of lamps is a prerequisite to the development of optimum compact reflector designs. >
SIBLING INCEST AVOIDANCE: FROM WESTERMARCK TO WOLF

IN 1891 Edward Westermarck published The History of Human Marriage, wherein he attempted to explain the commonplace observation that siblings rarely mate with one another. Influenced by Darwin, by ethnographies, and by studies of nonhuman animal behavior, Westermarck hypothesized that children who are reared together from birth-as siblings usually are-develop a mutual sexual aversion that is manifested during their postpubescent years. The Westermarck hypothesis (WH) was initially well received, although a few scholars expressed reservations. As Westermarck successfully addressed these concerns, the WH received even wider support. In the early 20th century, however, the WV suffered a dramatic reversal of fortune, due in part to the ascent of Freudianism. Although Westermarck rebutted Freud's claim that children innately experience strong sexual attraction to their closest relatives, a claim that lacked empirical support, the hypothesis nonetheless slipped into a decline that lasted decades. The ascent of Freudianism, however, probably was not the only reason for this decline. During the 20th century, most social and behavioral scientists came to believe that human behavior is overwhelmingly determined by the "environment." Although the psychological implications of this belief rarely were (or are) made explicit, it in fact implies that human behavior is underpinned by a few unspecialized psychological mechanisms. In other words, the "standard social science model" (SSSM) of human psychology (Tooby and Cosmides 1992) conceives of the human mind as a content-independent, general purpose machine, wherein a few vaguely characterized domaingeneral processes of association and imitation are regarded as sufficient to explain human behavior. Because the WH implies the existence of one or more specialized psychological mechanisms, designed specifically to solve the problem of incest avoidance, it is incompatible with the SSSM. This incompatibility may be the most important reason for the decline of the WH during the 20th century.
Racecourse fracture management. Part 2: Techniques for temporary immobilisation and transport

Summary In order to apply first aid support and manage effectively acute appendicular fractures, an understanding of the aims, principles and techniques available are important. The objective of this paper is to provide these in a detailed form. Comprehensive descriptions of cast, splint and bandage construction are given. Details of proprietary splints are provided together with discussion on suitability, indications and contraindications. Guidelines for movement and transport of injured horses are also described and discussed. Although the information given is tailored to racecourse injuries, the principles are equally applicable to the management of other equine fractures.
Clinical utility of lactate dehydrogenase: a historical perspective.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD), an enzyme in the glyco-lytic pathway (EC1.1.1.27; L-lactate: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD +] oxidoreductase), catalyzes the oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate with the mediation of NAD + as the hydrogen acceptor, with the reaction being reversible.1,2 This reaction forms the basis of the measurement of LD activity in the clinical laboratory with the rate of NADH production determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm.3 LD has a molecular mass of 134 kDa; is a tetramer of two subunits, H and M; and hence has five isoenzymes, LD1 to LD5. While LD1 comprises four H subunits (H4), LD5 comprises only M subunits (M4), and the other isoenzymes LD2 to LD4 comprise H3M, H2M2, and HM3, respectively. It is a ubiquitous enzyme present in the cytoplasm of all cells, but the isoenzyme composition varies in various tissues. LD1 is predominant in heart, erythrocytes, and the kidney, while LD5 is predominant in liver and skeletal muscle. The other isoenzymes derive mainly from leukocytes, lymph nodes, lung, and spleen.1,2 Previously, the greatest indication for LD isoenzymes in serum was for the late diagnosis of myocardial infarction, in which one observed a “flipped pattern” …
Capsule Abort Recontact Simulation

A study is performed to ascertain the validity of the use of inviscid and viscous simulation methods to predict the axial and normal forces during a launch abort scenario for manned space flight vehicles. The proximity drag character of the Apollo launch escape vehicle (LEV) was studied in detail in a wind tunnel during the Apollo program. Simulation results obtained during the present effort are compared to the Apollo era wind tunnel experiments. The validated simulation techniques are applied to assess the possibility of recontact between the crew capsule and the service module after a launch abort is initiated. The natural extension of the method is to assess the risk associated with the new Crew Launch Vehicle’s escape system.
Listerial Mycocarditis in Cardiac Transplantation

Clinical signs of heart failure developed in two cardiac transplant recipients and were interpreted initially as graft rejection. Morphologic examination of explanted hearts revealed myocarditis with abscess formation and necrosis consistent with a bacterial process; Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from myocardial tissue in the first case and from blood in both. The first patient also developed signs of meningoencephalitis, but the second had no signs of infection outside the heart. Antimicrobial therapy and retransplantation were successful in eradicating listeriosis. The differential diagnosis of heart failure in cardiac transplant recipients includes infectious myocarditis due to L. monocytogenes.
Association Rules of Searching for a Method of Numerical Attribute in Database

A new excavating algorithm of numerical attribute association rules is proposed. First the frequent item sets of other attribute are found, and then optimal intervals of numerical attribute are determined, thus easy understanding association rules are excavated.
RD-SVM: A resilient distributed support vector machine

Support vector machines (SVMs) are one of the most widely used supervised learning algorithms for classification problems. Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in distributed variants of SVMs, in which the (labeled) training data is distributed across different nodes. While a number of algorithms have been developed in this regard, they all make the simplified assumption that every node in the network operates as intended. In many applications, however, it is common for some of the nodes to undergo failures due to faulty equipment, cyber attacks, etc., and inject faulty data into the network. This kind of failure, termed Byzantine failure, is impossible to protect against using existing distributed SVM algorithms. This paper revisits the problem of distributed SVM under the possibility of Byzantine failures in the network. In this regard, it proposes a novel algorithm for distributed SVM that remains resilient to Byzantine failures as long as the number of faulty nodes in the network is not too large. Numerical results on real-world data confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing approaches.