cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allyl Ligand Reactivity in Tantalum(V) Compounds: Experimental and Computational Evidence for Allyl Transfer to the Formamidinate Ligand in fac-Ta(NMe2)3(η1-allyl)[iPrNC(H)NiPr] via a Metallo-Claisen Rearrangement

Treatment of TaCl(NMe2)4 (1) with allylMgCl furnishes the allyl-substituted compound Ta(NMe2)4(η1-allyl) (2) in moderate yield. The X-ray structure of 2 reveals a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry at t...
Embodiment as a unifying perspective for psychology

A basic claim of the embodiment framework is that all psychological processes are influenced by body morphology, sensory systems, motor systems, and emotions. As such, the framework holds the promise of providing a unifying perspective for psychological research. This article begins with a sketch of several arguments, from evolution to philosophy, as to why the embodiment framework is a good bet. These arguments are followed by a review of approaches to embodiment, including those from cognitive linguistics, perceptual symbol theory, and action-based theories. Finally, examples are provided for how a unifying perspective might work for cognition (including language and memory), cognitive and social development, social psychology, neuroscience, clinical psychology, and psychology applied to education. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Immunological aspects of coliform mastitis

Antibodies presumably stimulated by absorption of endotoxin arising from the gut flora (and in coliform mastitis) are present in all cattle blood so far examined. These antibodies do not appear in the mammary gland in appreciable concentrations until considerable growth of invading coliforms has occurred. They probably have limited value in a bactericidal sense but may be very important as opsonins in the phagocytic process. In a negative sense, these antibodies also may be involved in hypersensitivity reactions which may be responsible for some of the clinical signs. Complement is needed for bactericidal antibody activity. Both the classical and shunt pathways of C′ activation are present in mastitic milk. Dilution experiments suggest that C′ concentration may be the rate-limiting factor in bactericidal antibody activity.
Analysis of Contact Stress and Deformation in a Trilobe Polygonal Connection

Analyse des contraintes de contact et des deformations dans un assemblage avec un profil polygonal a trois lobes
Myosin light chain and caldesmon phosphorylation in arterial muscle stimulated with endothelin-1 ☆

Abstract Endothelin-1 contracts porcine carotid arterial smooth muscle with an ED 50 of 10 n m . Contraction is associated with phosphorylation of the 20 000 dalton-regulatory light chain subunits of vascular myosin. Phosphopeptide mapping of light chains isolated from 32 PO 4 -loaded muscle strips stimulated by endothelin-1 (5 × 10 −8 m ) and comparison with maps generated from light chains phosphorylated in vitro or muscles stimulated with KCl (110 m m ) or angiotensin-II (5 × 10 −8 m ) indicates that Ca 2+ -calmodulin activation of myosin light chain kinase is a biochemical pathway stimulated by all three agonists. However, a small amount of phosphate (17%) was detected in a light chain peptide phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Endothelin-1 also stimulated phosphorylation of the thin filament protein, caldesmon, (from 0.35 mol PO 4 /mol caldesmon to 0.52 mol PO 4 /mol). Collectively, these results provide evidence that the effects of endothelin-1 on force generation and maintenance in vascular muscle may be dependent upon myosin light chain phosphorylation by Ca 2+ calmodulin—requiring myosin light chain kinase and upon a thin filament mechanism that is modulated by phosphorylation of caldesmon.
Uncertainty Quantification in Aeroelasticity: Recent Results and Research Challenges

Static and dynamic aeroelasticity considerations are a particularly important component of airframe design because they often control safety and performance. Consequently, the impact of uncertainty on aeroelastic response prediction has begun to receive substantial attention in the research literature. In this paper, general sources of uncertainty that complicate airframe design and testing are briefly described. Recent applications of uncertainty quantification to various aeroelastic problems, for example, flutter flight testing, prediction of limit-cycle oscillations, and design optimization with aeroelastic constraints, are reviewed with an emphasis on new physical insights and promising paths toward improved design methods that have resulted from these studies. Several challenges and needs are explored to suggest future steps that will enable practical application of uncertainty quantification in aeroelasticity design and certification.
Effects of the thickness of birefringent coatings

It is known that birefringent coatings are a powerful experimental technique for the determination of surface strains of metals or other opaque bodies. In this paper the complete state of strain in such a coating is determined for an arbitrary one-dimensional variation of the displacement at the metal surface. It is shown that strain gradients or curvature of the surface have a pronounced effect on the observed birefringence, and must be taken into consideration. This can be done by means of two correction factors derived in the paper which take into account the elastic properties of the coating and its thickness. An experimental procedure is outlined for determining an unknown distribution of strain at the metal surface on the basis of the observed photoelastic pattern.
Kinetic investigation of the relationship between the efficiency of columns and their diameter.

Abstract Many brands of packing materials made of fine particles are now available in both conventional (4.6 mm i.d.) and narrow-bore (2.1 mm i.d.) columns. It is a general observation that the efficiency of the former tends to be markedly higher than that of the latter. This report provides a detailed illustration of the characteristics of this enigma. The corrected reduced plate heights of three brands of columns packed with shell particles in 4.6 and 2.1 mm I.D. columns were measured. The brands were the 1.7 and 2.6 μm Kinetex-C18 (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), the 2.7 μm Poroshell120-C18 (Agilent Technologies, New Castle, DE, USA), and the 2.7 μm Halo-C18 (Advanced Material Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). The extra-column contributions were minimized by optimizing the configuration of the instrument (injection volume
Mitochondrial Gene Expression Is Regulated at the Level of Transcription during Early Embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis

Mitochondrial transcription in the earlyXenopus laevis embryo resumes several hours before active mtDNA replication, effectively decoupling mtDNA transcription and replication. This developmental feature makes Xenopusembryogenesis an appealing model system to investigate the regulation of mitochondrial transcription. Studies reported here refine our understanding of the timing, magnitude, and mechanism of this transcriptional induction event. Northern analyses of six mitochondrial mRNAs (normalized to mtDNA) reveal that transcript levels remain basal between fertilization and gastrulation and then undergo a coordinate induction, culminating in a 20–28-fold increase over egg levels by 48 h of development. Measurement of mitochondrial run-on transcription rates demonstrates a good correlation between transcription rates and transcript levels, showing that transcription itself is the primary determinant of transcript abundance. Experimental increases in mitochondrial ATP and energy charge also correlate with patterns of transcript levels and transcription rates, suggesting that developmental changes in the biochemical composition of the mitochondrial matrix could be regulating transcriptional activity. Consistent with this idea, transcriptional run-on rates in mitochondria of early embryos can be stimulated by the addition of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to the run-on reaction. However, mitochondria of later stages do not show this response to the addition of metabolite. In combination, these data suggest that mitochondrial transcription is under metabolic regulation during earlyXenopus embryogenesis.
Score '82 - a summary (at IBM systems research institute, 3/23-3/24/82)

“Score '82”, the first workshop on software counting rules, was attended by practitioners who are working with “software metrics”. The concern was with methodologies for counting such software measurables as the number of “operators”, “operands” or the number of lines of code in a program. A “metric” can be a directly countable “measurable” or a quantity computable from one or several such “measureables”. “Metrics” quantify attributes of the software development process, the software itself, or some aspect of the interaction of the software with the processor that hosts it. In general, a “metric” should be useful in the development of software and in measuring its quality. It should have some theory to support its existence, and it should be based on actual software data. This workshop was concerned principally with the data aspects of “metrics”, especially with the rules underlying the collection of the data from which they are computed.
Parathyroid hormone modulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism by cultured chick kidney cells is mimicked and enhanced by forskolin.

In order to determine whether cAMP mediates the effects of PTH on the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) on chick kidney cells in primary culture, the effect of forskolin on the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3] was assessed. In 4-h incubations with [3H]25-OH-D3 and forskolin, (1-10 μM) [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 accumulation was increased 50–100%, and that of [3H]24,25-(OH)2D3 was decreased 30–60%. PTH (1–10 ng/ml) brought about identical changes. Similar results were observed when cultures were preincubated with nonradioactive 25-OH-D3 for 4 h in the presence of PTH and forskolin, followed by a 30-min incubation with radioactive substrate. At a low concentration (0.05 nM), forskolin alone had no effect on the metabolism of [3H]25-OH-D3 but markedly enhanced that of PTH. At maximal concentrations of PTH (10 ng/ml) and forskolin (10 μM), the effects of the two on 25-OHD3 metabolism were not additive. Both PTH and forskolin decreased the fu...
Repeated head CT in the neurosurgical intensive care unit: feasibility of sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction-based ultra-low-dose CT for surveillance.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit undergo multiple head CT scans, resulting in high cumulative radiation exposures. Our aim was to assess the acceptability of a dedicated, special-purpose sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction–based ultra-low-dose CT protocol for neurosurgical intensive care unit surveillance head CT examinations, comparing image quality with studies performed with our standard-of-care sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction low-dose CT and legacy filtered back-projection standard-dose CT protocols. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 54 head CT examinations: ultra-low-dose CT (n = 22), low-dose CT (n = 12), and standard-dose CT (n = 20) in 22 patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Standard-dose CT was reconstructed by using filtered back-projection on a Somatom Sensation 64 scanner. Ultra-low-dose CT and ultra-low-dose CT examinations were performed on a Siemens AS+128 scanner with commercially available sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction. Qualitative and quantitative parameters, including image quality and dose, were evaluated. RESULTS: Sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction ultra-low-dose CT represented a 68% lower dose index volume compared with filtered back-projection standard-dose CT techniques in the same patients while maintaining similar quality and SNR levels. Sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction low-dose CT offered higher image quality than filtered back-projection standard-dose CT (P CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit, dedicated ultra-low-dose CT for surveillance head CT imaging led to a significant dose reduction while maintaining adequate image quality.
The Impact of SCTP on SIP Server Scalability and Performance

The stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is a relatively recent transport protocol, offering features beyond TCP. Although SCTP is an alternative transport protocol for the session initiation protocol (SIP), we do not know how SCTP features influence SIP server scalability and performance. To estimate this, we measured the scalability and performance of two servers, an echo server and a simplified SIP server on Linux, for both SCTP and TCP. Our measurements found that using SCTP does not significantly affect data transfer latency. However, the number of sustainable associations drops to 17-21% or to 50% of the TCP value if we adjust the acceptable gap size of packet reordering.
Online RF Checkers for Diagnosing Multi-Gigahertz Automatic Test Boards on Low Cost ATE Platforms

Digital and analog centric load boards have well established board check methodologies as part of their "release to production requirements", while for RF load boards this is still an open research issue. Potential faults on RF load can be caused by mechanical/electrical defects of components and sockets used on the board. Hence, we propose a novel methodology to accurately check/diagnose the RF path using only reflection measurements with suitable terminations of these paths. These reflection measurements and derived 'checker equations' are used to accurately diagnose the RF path on the load board during production test at no extra test cost. A pilot test vehicle is used to demonstrate the practical implementation and production worthiness of the proposed board check and diagnosis methodology
Dependence of SAW resonator 1/f noise on device size

Experiments were conducted with eight 450-MHz two-port SAW (surface acoustic wave) resonators of four different designs which demonstrate that a resonator's 1/f noise depends approximately inversely on the active acoustic area of the device. The ion-etched groove resonators were all fabricated from a single piece of quartz. The active acoustic areas of these devices ranged from approximately 1.7 /spl times/ 10/sup 4/ square wavelengths (3.4 /spl times/ 10/sup -2/ cm/sup 2/). The measured flicker noise levels varied from S/sub y/ (f = 1 Hz) = 3.4 /spl times/ 10/sup -23/ to 6.4 /spl times/ 10/sup -24//Hz, with the smallest-area devices exhibiting the highest noise levels. This observation is consistent with the theory that 1/f noise in acoustic resonators can be caused by localized, independent, velocity (or dimensional) fluctuations in the quartz. The fractional velocity fluctuations would have to have a magnitude close to S/sup v/ (f = 1 Hz) /spl ap/ 2 /spl times/ 10/sup -19//Hz in order to cause the observed level of frequency fluctuations. Additional experimental data in the literature suggest that the average distance between these localized fluctuations is on the order of 10 /spl mu/m. >
The University of Hawaii teleoperated robotic surgery system

Teleoperated robotic surgical systems have been commercially developed and shown to be effective yet their adoption into standard practice has been limited up to the present for reasons which may include size, complexity, and cost. In the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Hawaii, we have developed a new prototype teleoperated robotic system for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) which is simple, compact, and easy to set up and use.
Latest developments in seismic texture analysis for subsurface structure, facies, and reservoir characterization: A review

In exploration geology and geophysics, seismic texture is still a developing concept that has not been sufficiently known, although quite a number of different algorithms have been published in the literature. This paper provides a review of the seismic texture concepts and methodologies, focusing on latest developments in seismic amplitude texture analysis, with particular reference to the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the texture model regression (TMR) methods. The GLCM method evaluates spatial arrangements of amplitude samples within an analysis window using a matrix (a two-dimensional histogram) of amplitude co-occurrence. The matrix is then transformed into a suite of texture attributes, such as homogeneity, contrast, and randomness, which provide the basis for seismic facies classification. The TMR method uses a texture model as reference to discriminate among seismic features based on a linear, least-squares regression analysis between the model and the data within an analysis window. By implementing customized texture model schemes, the TMR algorithm has the flexibility to characterize subsurface geology for different purposes in subsurface characterization. A texture model with a constant phase is effective at enhancing the visibility and resolution of seismic structural fabrics, a texture model with a variable phase is helpful for visualizing seismic facies and facies boundaries, and a texture model with variable amplitude, frequency, and size is instrumental in calibrating seismic to reservoir properties by interactively updating the model for an optimal correlation to the available well data. Preliminary test case studies in the very recent past have indicated that the latest developments in seismic texture analysis have added to the existing amplitude interpretation theories and methodologies. These and future developments in seismic texture theory and methodologies will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the geologic implications of seismic texture concept and to an improved geologic interpretation of reflection seismic amplitude.
The treatment of nodular goiter.

THE clinical course of nodular goiter is varied. The thyroid nodule may remain unchanged for long periods of time; it may grow and exert pressure on neighboring structures; it may degenerate or be the site of hemorrhage; it may be neoplastic and infiltrate adjacent tissues or metastasize; rarely it may hyperfunction within itself, or, more commonly, be associated with perinodular hyperfunction; and, very infrequently, it will spontaneously disappear. Single or multiple nodules which produce pressure or which become associated with thyrotoxicosis are readily treated by thyroidectomy. Those nodules which are suspected of malignancy because of recent growth or unusual firmness are similarly best treated by thyroidectomy. The treatment of single or multiple nodules which are entirely asymptomatic remains controversial. The purpose of this report is to present an analysis of our experience in the treatment of nodular goiter, and a discussion of its significance in the early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid c...
Snapshot Performance of the Dominant Mode Rejection Beamformer

The dominant mode rejection (DMR) beamformer constructs its weight vector using a structured covariance estimate derived from the eigendecomposition of the sample covariance matrix (SCM). Like all adaptive beamformers (ABFs), the DMR ABF places notches in the direction of loud interferers to facilitate the detection of quiet targets. This paper investigates how DMR performs as a function of the number of snapshots used to estimate the SCM. The analysis focuses on the fundamental case of a single interferer in white noise. Theoretical calculations for the ensemble case reveal the relationships among notch depth, white noise gain, and SINR. The centerpiece of the paper is a detailed empirical study of the single-interferer case, which includes snapshot-deficient scenarios often ignored in previous work. Empirical data demonstrate that the sample eigenvectors determine the mean performance of the DMR ABF. On a log-log plot the mean notch depth is a piecewise linear function of the number of snapshots and the interference-to-noise ratio. The paper interprets the behavior of the DMR ABF using recent results on sample eigenvectors derived from random matrix theory.
Baring Their Souls in Online Profiles or Not? Religious Self‐Disclosure in Social Media

This study measured the prevalence of religious self-disclosure in public MySpace profiles that belonged to a subsample of National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR) wave 3 respondents (N = 560). Personal attributes associated with religious identification as well as the overall quantity of religious self-disclosures are examined. A majority (62 percent) of profile owners identified their religious affiliations online, although relatively few profile owners (30 percent) said anything about religion outside the religion-designated field. Most affiliation reports (80 percent) were consistent with the profile owner's reported affiliation on the survey. Religious profile owners disclosed more about religion when they also believed that religion is a public matter or if they evaluated organized religion positively. Evangelical Protestants said more about religion than other respondents. Religiosity, believing that religion is a public matter, and the religiosity of profile owners’ friendship group were all positively associated with religious identification and self-disclosure.
LOCALIZATION AND DETECTION OF VISUAL STIMULI FOLLOWING SUPERIOR COLLICULUS LESIONS IN RHESUS MONKEYS

SUMMARY Rhesus monkeys were trained to fixate a central stimulus and to detect and localize a 50 msec light flash presented 6-80 ° on either side of the central stimulus. Following large lesions of the superior colliculus, they showed persistent deficits in localizing flashes presented 43-80 ° from the fixation stimulus. However, they were not consistently impaired when the flashes were presented more centrally, and their performance with peripheral stimuli improved when the stimulus duration was 1 sec. Thus, the superior colliculus appears to be necessary for the localization of brief visual stimuli in the far periphery.
On Modeling Heteroskedasticity: The Student's t and Elliptical Linear Regression Models

This paper proposes a new approach to modeling heteroskedastidty which enables the modeler to utilize information conveyed by data plots in making informed decisions on the form and structure of heteroskedasticity. It extends the well-known normal/linear/homoskedastic models to a family of non-normal/linear/heteroskedastic models. The non-normality is kept within the bounds of the elliptically symmetric family of multivariate distributions (and in particular the Student's t distribution) that lead to several forms of heteroskedasticity, including quadratic and exponential functions of the conditioning variables. The choice of the latter family is motivated by the fact that it enables us to model some of the main sources of heteroskedasticity: “thicktails,” individual heterogeneity, and nonlinear dependence. A common feature of the proposed class of regression models is that the weak exogeneity assumption is inappropriate. The estimation of these models, without the weak exogeneity assumption, is discussed, and the results are illustrated by using cross-section data on charitable contributions.
Synthesis of SnS nanocrystals by the solvothermal decomposition of a single source precursor

SnS nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized from bis(diethyldithiocarbamato) tin(II) in oleylamine at elevated temperature. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the synthesized SnS particles are monocrystalline with an orthorhombic structure. The shape and size tunability of SnS NCs can be achieved by controlling the reaction temperature and time, and the nature of the stabilizing ligands. The comparison between experimental optical band gap values shows evidence of quantum confinement of SnS NCs. Prepared SnS NCs display strong absorption in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions making them promising candidates for solar cell energy conversion.
Crystal Structure of GDP-Mannose Dehydrogenase: A Key Enzyme of Alginate Biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa†,‡

The enzyme GMD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa catalyzes the committed step in the synthesis of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Alginate is a major component of P. aeruginosa biofilms that protect the bacteria from the host immune response and antibiotic therapy. The 1.55 A crystal structure of GMD in ternary complex with its cofactor NAD(H) and product GDP-mannuronic acid reveals that the enzyme forms a domain-swapped dimer with two polypeptide chains contributing to each active site. The extensive dimer interface provides multiple opportunities for intersubunit communication. Comparison of the GMD structure with that of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reveals the structural basis of sugar binding specificity that distinguishes these two related enzyme families. The high-resolution structure of GMD provides detailed information on the active site of the enzyme and a template for structure-based inhibitor design.
Impromptu: a new interaction framework for supporting collaboration in multiple display environments and its field evaluation for co-located software development

We present a new interaction framework for collaborating in multiple display environments (MDEs) and report results from a field study investigating its use in an authentic work setting. Our interaction framework, IMPROMPTU, allows users to share task information across displays via off-the-shelf applications, to jointly interact with information for focused problem solving and to place information on shared displays for discussion and reflection. Our framework also includes a lightweight interface for performing these and related actions. A three week field study of our framework was conducted in the domain of face-to-face group software development. Results show that teams utilized almost every feature of the framework in support of a wide range of development-related activities. The framework was used most to facilitate opportunistic collaboration involving task information. Teams reported wanting to continue using the framework as they found value in it overall.
Mass Spectrographic Analyses of Non conducting Ceramics

Powdered or densified nonconductive ceramic materials analyzed by spark source mass spectrography based on use of conducting probe
The Biology of Gliding in Flying Lizards (Genus Draco) and their Fossil and Extant Analogs

Synopsis The flying lizards of the genus Draco are among the most remarkable and successful clades of gliding vertebrates. Here, we evaluate the evolution of gliding in Draco and other lizards, describe the suite of morphological innovations that characterize Draco, discuss the ecological context of gliding in this genus, describe functions of their patagial membranes that are not related to gliding, and summarize the interspecific allometry of the Draco gliding apparatus, as well as the corresponding consequences for their now empirically quantified gliding performance. Several fossil reptilian lineages had morphologies similar to that of modern Draco, with patagial membranes supported by elongated ribs or rib-like dermal structures. Using Draco’s snout-vent length/mass relationships, we provide improved estimates of wing loading for three of these fossil gliders (Icarosaurus seifkeri, Kuehneosaurus sp., Coelurosauravus elivensis) and then estimate absolute gliding performance for each taxon by extrapolating from Draco’s wing loading/glide performance relationship. We find that I. seifkeri likely represented the best nonflapping terrestrial vertebrate glider yet described, whereas the larger Kuehneosaurus and Coelurosauravus probably required high descent velocities to achieve sufficient lift for gliding, with commensurately greater height loss with each glide.
Inversion of the Radon Transform under Wavelet Constraints

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Inverse Radon Transforms and Discrete Wavelet Transforms Filtering with Use of DWT Constraints Image Restoration with Use of UWT Constraints Conclusion This chapter contains sections titled: References ]]>
Design and Implementation of an Intervention Development Study: Retaining Cognition While Avoiding Late-Life Depression (ReCALL)

Objective To discuss the design, rationale, and implementation of an intervention development study addressing indicated and selective prevention of depression and anxiety in individuals 60 years and older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in their caregivers. Methods In Phase I, now completed, we developed and standardized problem-solving therapy (PST) and the combined PST + moderate-intensity physical exercise (PE) intervention to be administered to participants with MCI and their caregivers together, dyadically, with both participants working with the same interventionist in the same therapy sessions. In Phase II we have been testing the interventions against enhanced usual care (EUC) and have addressed challenges to recruitment. Randomization was to one of three cells: PST + PE, PST, or EUC. Results Although we set out to intervene dyadically, many individuals with MCI lived alone or did not have a support person who could participate in the study with them. Consequently, we modified the study to include MCI participants with and without support persons. Ninety-four participants were enrolled: 20 with MCI together with their support persons (N = 20 dyads) and 54 MCI participants without accompanying support persons. Most participants have been satisfied with the usefulness of the interventions in managing stress and cognitive problems. Conclusion PST and moderate-intensity PE are acceptable interventions for depression and anxiety prevention in older adults with MCI and their available caregivers.
Comparison of Two Sex Pheromone Trap Designs for Monitoring Corn Earworm and Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Two sizes of the Texas Pheromone (TP) trap and the International Pheromone Systems (IP) Universal Moth trap with (IP1) and without (IP2) an insecticide strip were compared season-long for monitoring adult activity of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Diameters of the bottom opening of the outer cone and top opening of the inner cone of two sizes of the TP trap that were evaluated were 75 and 50 cm (TP75-50) and 50 and 25 cm (TP50-25), respectively. Based on the means for the number of males of both species caught per trap per week, the ranking of the traps was TP75-50 & TP50-25 & IP1 equal to IP2. Mean efficiency ratios (calculated as the number of males caught per week divided by the number caught in the TP75-50) for the TP50-25, IP1, and IP2 traps were 0.47, 0.04, and 0.03 for Heliothis virescens and 0.55, 0.28, and 0.12 for Helicoverpa zea , respectively. The difference in mean efficiency ratios between species was not Significant for the TP50-25 trap, but the differences were significant for the IP1 and IP2 traps. The results indicated that TP trap efficiencies were similar for Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens, IP trap efficiency was very low for Heliothis virescens, and the presence of insecticide strips in the TP traps had no detrimental effects on catches of either species. Linear regression equations were derived among all possible combinations of trap types. Highest r-squares were obtained for TP75-50 and TP50-25 traps for weekly and daily catches for Helicoverpa zea (r2 = 0.955 and 0.816, respectively) and for Heliothis virescens (r2 = 0.926 and 0.830, respectively).
Level of Processing of Exports: New Estimates for 73 Less-developed Countries in 1970 and 1980

A large body of literature in political science, sociology, and development economics asserts that specialization in the export of unprocessed goods hinders a nation's economic development. However, attempts to test that thesis empirically have been thwarted by the absence of a good measure of export processing. In this paper we introduce such a measure and use it to provide estimates of export processing for 73 (LDCs) in 1970 and 1980.
Evaluation of genetic diversity of the USDA Lablab purpureus germplasm collection using simple sequence repeat markers

SummaryThe genetic diversity of the USDA Lablab purpureus germplasm collection was assessed with polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived from Medicago, soybean and cowpea. This assessment indicated that the USDA cultivated L. purpureus (L.) spp. purpureus collection was genetically limited and should be expanded. Phylogenetic analysis partitioned 47 representative accessions into two main clades, which had clearly diverged: a wild clade producing small seeds, and a cultivated clade producing large seeds. Wild clade accessions were easily resolved, whereas it was more difficult to distinguish among accessions in the cultivated clade. The sequence similarity to M. truncatula was variable from amplicon to amplicon. Sequence analysis of Lablab amplicons with the same SSR marker showed that the sequence content of these amplicons was almost identical, except for some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This indicates that amplicons generated with SSR primers derived from Medicago, soybean ...
The Relation Between Borderline Personality Disorder Features and Teen Dating Violence

Objective: Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious social problem with significant physical and emotional consequences. A number of theoretical models have identified several factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) among adults, including the role of Axis II features such as borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, little is known about borderline features and intimate partner violence among adolescents (i.e., TDV). The present study is the first to investigate the relation between TDV and borderline features in adolescents, taking into account important additional correlates of TDV at the cross-sectional level. Method: An ethnically diverse sample of 778 adolescents completed self-report measures of dating violence, borderline features, alcohol use, and exposure to interparental violence. Results: Borderline features made independent contributions to both TDV victimization and perpetration. The association between borderline features and TDV victimization was moderated by gender, and when considering severe violence, gender moderated the relation between borderline features and both TDV victimization and perpetration. Conclusions: Borderline features should be considered in the assessment, prevention, and intervention of TDV and vice versa.
Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome

In Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome, Maggie L. Popkin argues that the literal and figurative values of materials in republican triumphal architecture stemmed from complex interactions among patron, architect, audience, and sociohistorical context. Several case studies—the Temple of Fortuna Equestris, the Porticus Metelli, the Round Temple on the Tiber, and Temple B in the Area Sacra di Largo Argentina—demonstrate that the juxtaposition of multiple materials, changing historical circumstances, and new groups of viewers resulted in constantly shifting meanings of materials in republican architecture. The Roman notion of decorum helps explain the shifting uses and valuations of materials. Factors such as the monument’s patron, the event that sparked its construction, its location, the monument type, the availability of materials, and the intended audiences affected the choice of materials and their intended and perceived meanings, which had rich conceptual and imaginative potential to evoke Roman conquest, piety, and spectacle.
Teens’ Reactance to Anti-Smoking Public Service Announcements: How Norms Set the Stage

Data from a study of the effects of anti-smoking ads were analyzed. This study measured the accessibility of peer and parent norms for smoking, exposed teens to three anti-smoking ads that either emphasized personal narratives of the dangers of smoking or had a surprise ending, and measured reactance to the messages. Readiness to smoke was assessed via a phone survey 3 months later. The accessibility of pro-smoking peer norms increased readiness to engage in smoking behavior through reactance toward anti-smoking messages. The accessibility of parent norms was unrelated to reactance. Reactance was particularly strong when the ads included a surprise ending. Peer norms that oppose smoking, particularly if they can be brought to mind quickly, are an important protective factor in that they may reduce reactance to anti-smoking messages.
Evaluation of Health Education Program for Endemic Diseases Prevention in Xinyang

OBJECTIVE Understanding of Xinyang endemic knowledge before and after health education intervention awareness,evaluate its effectiveness.METHODS The method is carried out,according to the requirements of "Education program for Endemic Diseases of He'nan Province",and carrying out health education activities in before,by surveying knowledge of endemic diseases with pupils and housewives corresponding to the necessary items required by this program.Then,the intervention effects are evaluated one months later after teaching pupils and housewives in counties,towns,villages and schools with the knowledge of endemic diseases.RESULTS The results show that after this education,pupils'knowledge about the iodine shortage diseases increase from 66.44% to 93.99%.Housewives do from 59.10% to 92.03%.At the same time,after this education,pupils'knowledge about the drinking water fluorosis increase from 63.13% to 93.27%.Housewives do from 59.62% to 91.81%.There are about an increase from 2.06% to 95.58% of pupils that are able to tell their parents about the iodine shortage diseases after this education.There are about an increase from 62.33% to 90.02% of housewives that know when to put iodine salt in their cooking.An increase from 43.12% to 76.23% of pupils is seen to be willing to drink water of low fluorine,while housewives grow up to 89.36% compared to the former 77.59% before this education.CONCLUSIONS In the three years,health knowledge of endemic diseases has been improved among pupils and housewives in these areas,and the project achieves desired effect.
Experience of nursing care in children with closed renal injury.

Objective: To investigate experience of nursing in children with c losed renal injury.Methods: 41 childrens diagnosised closed renal injury of vita l signs of life,hematuria,abdominal signs were ob served. Results: All of the 41 cases were cured by effective treatment and nursi ng care. resting in bed absolutely, controling and preventing infection , rational diet and appropriate mental nursing. Conclusions: It is crucial key to prev ent the patients condition going to be worse and promoting the recovery of the p atients that effective therapy and careful observation .
Progress in the Analysis of Complex Atmospheric Particles

This article presents an overview of recent advances in field and laboratory studies of atmospheric particles formed in processes of environmental air-surface interactions. The overarching goal of these studies is to advance predictive understanding of atmospheric particle composition, particle chemistry during aging, and their environmental impacts. The diversity between chemical constituents and lateral heterogeneity within individual particles adds to the chemical complexity of particles and their surfaces. Once emitted, particles undergo transformation via atmospheric aging processes that further modify their complex composition. We highlight a range of modern analytical approaches that enable multimodal chemical characterization of particles with both molecular and lateral specificity. When combined, these approaches provide a comprehensive arsenal of tools for understanding the nature of particles at air-surface interactions and their reactivity and transformations with atmospheric aging. We discuss applications of these novel approaches in recent studies and highlight additional research areas to explore the environmental effects of air-surface interactions.
Implementing shared decision making in federally qualified health centers, a quasi-experimental design study: the Office-Guidelines Applied to Practice (Office-GAP) program

Use of Shared Decision-Making (SDM) and Decision Aids (DAs) has been encouraged but is not regularly implemented in primary care. The Office-Guidelines Applied to Practice (Office-GAP) intervention is an application of a previous model revised to address guidelines based care for low-income populations with diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Objective: To evaluate Office-GAP Program feasibility and preliminary efficacy on medication use, patient satisfaction with physician communication and confidence in decision in low-income population with diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center (FQHC). Ninety-five patients participated in an Office-GAP program. A quasi-experimental design study, over 6 months with 12-month follow-up. Office-GAP program integrates health literacy, communication skills education for patients and physicians, patient/physician decision support tools and SDM into routine care. Main Measures: 1) Implementation rates of planned program elements 2) Patient satisfaction with communication and confidence in decision, and 3) Medication prescription rates. We used the GEE method for hierarchical logistic models, controlling for confounding. Feasibility of the Office-GAP program in the FQHC setting was established. We found significant increase in use of Aspirin/Plavix, statin and beta-blocker during follow-up compared to baseline: Aspirin OR 1.5 (95 % CI: 1.1, 2.2) at 3-months, 1.9 (1.3, 2.9) at 6-months, and 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) at 12-months. Statin OR 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) at 3-months and 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) at 12-months; beta-blocker 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) at 6-months and 12-months. Program elements were consistently used (≥ 98 % clinic attendance at training and tool used). Patient satisfaction with communication and confidence in decision increased. The use of Office-GAP program to teach SDM and use of DAs in real time was demonstrated to be feasible in FQHCs. It has the potential to improve satisfaction with physician communication and confidence in decisions and to improve medication use. The Office-GAP program is a brief, efficient platform for delivering patient and provider education in SDM and could serve as a model for implementing guideline based care for all chronic diseases in outpatient clinical settings. Further evaluation is needed to establish feasibility outside clinical study, reach, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this approach.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Neurofibromatosis

The functional significance of T2 hyperintense lesions (UBOs) and their role in learning disabilities associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) were studied by quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 7 male patients, aged 6-19 years, and 7 controls, at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Towards a Viscous Wall Model for Immersed Boundary Methods

Immersed boundary methods are frequently employed for simulating flows at low Reynolds numbers or for applications where viscous boundary layer effects can be neglected. The primary shortcoming of Cartesian mesh immersed boundary methods is the inability of efficiently resolving thin turbulent boundary layers in high-Reynolds number flow application. The inefficiency of resolving the thin boundary is associated with the use of constant aspect ratio Cartesian grid cells. Conventional CFD approaches can efficiently resolve the large wall normal gradients by utilizing large aspect ratio cells near the wall. This paper presents different approaches for immersed boundary methods to account for the viscous boundary layer interaction with the flow-field away from the walls. Different wall modeling approaches proposed in previous research studies are addressed and compared to a new integral boundary layer based approach. In contrast to common wall-modeling approaches that usually only utilize local flow information, the integral boundary layer based approach keeps the streamwise history of the boundary layer. This allows the method to remain effective at much larger y+ values than local wall modeling approaches. After a theoretical discussion of the different approaches, the method is applied to increasingly more challenging flow fields including fully attached, separated, and shock-induced separated (laminar and turbulent) flows.
Septic arthritis and hemarthroses caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype A in children

Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype A (Hia) is rare in children. Clinical syndromes caused by Hia include meningitis, sepsis and respiratory tract infections. Septic arthritis is rare in children with invasive Hia infection and hemarthrosis has not been described in the published literature. We report a case of septic arthritis and hemarthrosis caused by Hia infection in a 2.5 year-old-boy and review invasive Hia infection in children.
Zika Virus Induced Mortality and Microcephaly in Chicken Embryos.

The explosive spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) through South and Central America has been linked to an increase in congenital birth defects, specifically microcephaly. Representative rodent models for investigating infections include direct central nervous system (CNS) injections late in pregnancy and transplacental transmission in immunodeficient mice. Microcephaly in humans may be the result of infection occurring early in pregnancy, therefore recapitulating that the human course of ZIKV infection should include normal embryo exposed to ZIKV during the first trimester. In ovo development of the chicken embryo closely mirrors human fetal neurodevelopment and, as a comparative model, could provide key insights into both temporal and pathophysiological effects of ZIKV. Chick embryos were directly infected early and throughout incubation with ZIKV isolated from a Mexican mosquito in January 2016. High doses of virus caused embryonic lethality. In a subset of lower dosed embryos, replicating ZIKV was present ...