cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Materials and methods for higher performance screen-printed flexible MRI receive coils.

Purpose To develop methods for characterizing materials used in screen-printed MRI coils and improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with new lower-loss materials. Methods An experimental apparatus was created to characterize dielectric properties of plastic substrates used in receive coils. Coils were fabricated by screen printing conductive ink onto several plastic substrates. Unloaded and sample loaded quality factor (QUnloaded/QLoaded) measurements and scans on a 3T scanner were used to characterize coil performance. An experimental method was developed to describe the relationship between a coil's QUnloaded and the SNR it provides in images of a phantom. In addition, 3T scans of a phantom and the head of a volunteer were obtained with a proof-of-concept printed eight-channel array, and the results were compared with a commercial 12-channel array. Results Printed coils with optimized substrates exhibited up to 97% of the image SNR when compared with a traditional coil on a loading phantom. QUnloaded and the SNR of coils were successfully correlated. The printed array resulted in images comparable to the quality given by the commercial array. Conclusion Using the proposed methods and materials, the SNR of printed coils approached that of commercial coils while using a new fabrication technique that provided more flexibility and close contact with the patient's body. Magn Reson Med 78:775–783, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Valproate-Induced Cerebral Edema

A case of cerebral edema resulting from acute sodium valproate poisoning in a 19 year old male is reported from Northwick Park and East Birmingham Hospitals, UK.
Optimization of low power quartermicron MOSFET

Both bulk and non-fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (NFD-SOI) 0.25 /spl mu/m MOSFETs have been systematically studied using analytical analysis and SPICE simulation. Energy*delay product is used in the analytical analysis for low power optimization. The results show that the optimal gate oxide thickness is determined by the sum of the junction capacitance and the interconnect capacitance, and the lower limit of the supply voltage is about 3Y/sub T/ because of the Y/sub T/ variation of the device. NFD-SOI devices have higher optimal gate oxide thickness and lower optimal V/sub DD//V/sub T/ ratio compared to bulk devices. The results also show that device scaling is the most effective way to reduce power dissipation without sacrificing speed, and NFD-SOI technology is attractive for low voltage and low power circuits.
The Art of Crafting Music Score Approval Plans: An Ongoing Process

ABSTRACTAlthough approval plans have long been an accepted tool for monographic collection development, they have seen comparatively slow adoption for music scores. This slow adoption is mirrored by a relative dearth of literature about music score approval plans. At a time when changes in the financial and publishing landscape are having a profound impact on collection development practices and current trends in organizational restructuring are placing greater demands on librarians' time, the need for contemporary discussion of approval plans is that much greater. This article discusses the ups and downs of one library's foray into music score approval plans.
Leukemia Blast Crisis: A Simulation Case for Residents.

Abstract Introduction Oncologic emergencies are life-threatening and often require advanced team-management skills as well as a mastery of disease processes and therapeutic interventions. Simulatio...
Shared decision-making in HCM.

Shared decision-making (SDM) between physicians and patients is a necessary element of care in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), particularly for decisions concerning prophylactic implantable defibrillators to prevent sudden death; however, SDM has much less relevance in making eligibility versus disqualification decisions for competitive athletes with HCM. Shared decision-making (SDM) between physicians and patients is a necessary element of care in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), particularly for decisions concerning prophylactic implantable defibrillators to prevent sudden death; however, SDM has much less relevance in making eligibility versus disqualification decisions for competitive athletes with HCM.
A fluorinated dialkoxide-based magnesium-ion electrolyte

Efficient large scale electrochemical energy storage systems, such as those based on multivalent ions, are a prerequisite for the realization of intermittent renewable energy sources. From the perspectives of both cost and environmental concerns, it is of critical importance that components of these systems are synthesized using sustainable chemical processes starting from their initial conception. Herein, we report on a fluorinated dialkoxide-based magnesium-ion electrolyte that is synthesized through an atom-efficient and scalable process without the use of any metal alkyls. The electrolyte composition results in high solution conductivity (4.77 mS cm−1 at 26.3 °C), low overpotentials, ca. 100% coulombic efficiency for electrodeposition/dissolution, and good performance in full battery cells using Chevrel phase Mo6S8.
Book Review: Geophysics for the Mineral Exploration Geoscientist

Book Review: Geophysics for the Mineral Exploration Geoscientist . (2014) By Michael Dentith and Stephen T. Mudge. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521809511 Available in hardback or e-book, 438 pp. $68. At the outset, Dentith and Mudge state that the goal of this book is to explain “...the principles and modern practice of geophysics in the search for mineral deposits. ... from a perspective relevant to a mining industry geologist.” I would add that this book is relevant to all geoscientists. A good description of Geophysics for the Mineral Exploration Geoscientist is provided in the preface: “Our aim is to provide an understanding of the physical phenomena, the acquisition and manipulation of geophysical data, and their integration and interpretation with other types of data to produce an acceptable geological model of the subsurface.” The authors present the essential mathematical formulae necessary to explain the techniques described. The text offers detailed descriptions of petrophysical properties and their importance, and techniques used to interpret the geological significance of the data. This volume is for the all those involved in mineral exploration from geologist and geophysicists to mining engineers and managers. Note: A basic physics and calculus course are required. Throughout this book the link between geological and geophysical measurements, that is petrophysics, is …
Ways of Knowing and Caring Used by Nurses in Community Hospice Agencies

Providing nursing care for an individual who is terminally ill is a complex endeavor. Understanding the different ways nurses who work in hospice agencies use knowing about and caring for persons receiving services becomes important because the actions of nurses are influenced by the nurses' perceptions. Hearing the narrative of nurses providing end-of-life care through phenomenological research can inform nursing education and institutions' methods to support the development of skills and characteristics to improve palliative and end-of-life nursing care. The purpose of this research was to question nurses who work in hospice agencies concerning their lived experiences related to knowing about and caring for individuals who were receiving hospice services. Four themes were identified related to the concepts of knowing and caring. These are difficult-to-measure concepts but add value to the profession and document how nurses contribute to patient care. In addition, the concepts are meaningful to patients and families receiving hospice services. The research provided a method of making the work of these nurses visible and gave more knowledge about nurses who provide end-of-life care.
Topology optimization of self-supporting support structures for additive manufacturing

Abstract In this paper, we formulate the generation of support structures for additive manufacturing as a topology optimization problem. Compared with usual geometric considerations based support structure design, this formulation affords mechanistic meaning to the computed support structures. Moreover, our study reveals that the topology optimization formulation generally leads to self-supporting designs without extraneous self-supporting constraints. We show the generality of the procedure by computing supports for a variety of parts in both two and three dimensions, including a complex model of the mascot of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The resulting support structures have been 3D printed, demonstrating that the computed designs can successfully be used as supports.
Production, evaluation, and utilization of hybrid soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Improved methods to produce hybrid soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed could augment several types of research. Two previously described methods, termed the Traditional Method and the Dilution Method, require insect-facilitated crosspollination of ms ms nuclear male-sterile plants. The Traditional Method requires a substantial time investment during flowering to remove fertile siblings, and the Dilution Method requires a substantial amount of land and pollen-parent seed. Because time, land, and seed are limited resources, a more efficient method would be valuable. A new method, the Cosegregation Method, is developed, which utilizes close genetic linkage between the W1 locus and the Ms6 locus. The W1 seedling has a purple hypocotyl; the w1 w1 seedling has a green hypocotyl. The ms6 ms6 plant is male sterile and female fertile. Approximately 97% of the purple-hypocotyl seedlings, WJ , in a line segregating for the w1 and ms6 alleles in coupling phase will be fertile, MsS , and can be removed as a pollen source at the first-trifoliolate stage. Our objective was to evaluate and compare the three methods of hybrid soybean seed production for seed yield, efficiency, and hybrid seed purity and quality. We used a randomized complete-block design (three replications per location, three locations, two years). The Cosegregation Method gave higher seed yield, better efficiency (time, seed, and land), and equal or better seed quality (percentage
Knowledge in Action: Integrating Cognitive Architectures and Ontologies

In this work we present the Cognitive Engine, an integrated system whose architectural characteristics and operational capabilities are designed to approximate human visual intelligence. As humans usually do, the Cognitive Engine tries to make sense of a scene by meaningfully clustering visual data: basic individual movements are interpreted as constituting a particular action, and patterns of actions are gathered into more complex activities. In this respect, the Cognitive Engine results from augmenting the ACT-R cognitive architecture – a modular computational system used to model human cognitive processes – with relevant background knowledge embedded in HOMinE, a semantic resource for actions.
Optik planer Grenzflächen

Wir haben gesehen, das die Grundgesetze der geometrischen Optik einschlieslich derer, die im Zusammenhang zur Wechselwirkung mit Materie (Reflexions- und Brechungsgesetz) stehen, vom Fermatschen Prinzip oder von der Huygensschen Elementarwellenkonstruktion ableitbar sind. Keine dieser Methoden kann jedoch voraussagen, wieviel Licht jeweils im reflektierten und im transmittierten Strahl wiederzufinden ist. Es ist daher eine umfassendere Theorie notig, um dieses Phanomen, aber auch um absorbierende Medien zu beschreiben. Prinzipiell ware es moglich, von der Quantentheorie der Materie auszugehen. Es ist jedoch praktischer, das Verhalten der Medien mit elektromagnetischen Grosen zu parametrisieren. Diese Parameter reichen dann aus, um mit der elektromagnetischen Theorie des Lichts Reflexions- und Brechungsphanomene an Oberflachen zu beschreiben. Die Quantentheorie ziehen wir dann nur noch heran, um Details dieser Parameter zu erklaren. Die geometrischen Anderungen der Strahlrichtung und der Wellenfronten sind bei ebenen Flachen relativ einfach, so das im folgenden die Einflusse auf Amplitude und Phase der optischen Felder im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Long-Term Followup of Renal Function After Spinal Cord Injury

AbstractEffective renal plasma flow was measured in acute spinal cord injury patients for up to 10 years after injury to determine the extent of renal deterioration in these patients and to identify the factors associated with a loss of renal function. The over-all mean decrease in effective renal plasma flow for all patients as a whole was 4.5ml. per year. Factors associated with a statistically significant reduction in effective renal plasma flow included age, gender, renal calculi, quadriplegia, and a history of chills and fever. Other factors examined but not found to be statistically significant included years since injury, presence of severe decubiti, bladder calculi, bacteriuria and extent of injury. This study suggests that renal function usually can be preserved in spinal cord injury patients if the treatable risk factors are managed properly.
Childhood hypertension. An update on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Since the publication of the 1993 issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America that was devoted entirely to childhood hypertension, much has been published relating to the development, investigation, and treatment of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents. The incorporation of blood pressure measurement into the routine pediatric examination has enabled both the discovery of significant asymptomatic hypertension secondary to a previously undetected disorder and the confirmation that mild elevations in blood pressure during childhood are more common than previously recognized, particularly in adolescents. Although hypertension may be a sign of underlying cardiac; endocrine; or, more commonly, renovascular or renal parenchymal disease, elevated blood pressure may also represent an early onset of essential hypertension. This article provides pediatricians with an overview and update of the poignant literature published since the 1993 Clinics , with selected earlier references. The organization of the article relies heavily on the structure of the 1993 Clinics , and the reader is referred to that publication for more extensive background references.
A systematic review of factors that influence food store owner and manager decision making and ability or willingness to use choice architecture and marketing mix strategies to encourage healthy consumer purchases in the United States, 2005–2017

Altering food store environments is a promising approach to encourage healthy product purchases by consumers to improve their diet quality and health. Food store owners and managers are intermediaries to ensure that environmental changes are enacted. Despite their role as gatekeepers to implement and sustain healthy food environment changes, no systematic review has been published that examines food store owner and manager (retailer) data. Thus a review of retailer information available within the expansive United States (US) food environment literature was the purpose of this research. The PRISMA protocol was used. A search strategy, including published articles from years 1980–2017, was applied to six databases to locate relevant articles that addressed the perspective of food store retailers in the US. Data were extracted, organized, and agreed upon between two authors based on pre-designed constructs: (1) a social-ecological model to capture factors that influence retailer decision making; and (2) a marketing-mix and choice-architecture framework to examine perspectives of applied (or the prospective application of) strategies at the store-level. Study quality was assessed using quality criteria checklists for qualitative and quantitative research. Thirty-one articles met inclusion criteria and most studies (n = 22) were qualitative and conducted in urban food stores (n = 23). Multiple social-ecological factors influenced retailer decision making and ability or willingness to use marketing-mix and choice-architecture strategies to improve consumers’ healthy choices to support dietary quality. These factors included: conflicting training outcomes to enhance retailers’ knowledge and skills (individual, n = 9); the importance of trust (interpersonal, n = 8); views about marketing-mix and choice-architecture strategies in the food environment (n = 25); consumer demand or demographics (community, n = 19); supplier and food store management variables (systems or sectors, n = 18); local and federal policy (n = 8); and support for community health (norms/values, n = 8). Research partnerships can support favorable business and public health outcomes to align with retailers’ business models and available resources. A participatory and translational approach to food environment research will likely maximize public health impact. Urban and rural food store retailers are important actors for future research to inform the feasibility of store retailers to apply MMCA strategies that are profitable and promote health.
Psychosocial, Social, and Spiritual Needs of Geriatric Patients

Geriatricians are a heroic lot. They work in a field where their elderly patients have suffered the medical, functional, and cognitive tolls of a long life. The potential for change is limited. Most of the time, there is no way to “fix” the problems that are presented to them because those issues are longstanding and progressive. Information sharing is often difficult due to sensory, cognitive, and/or emotional issues. Finally, older patients may have difficulty adhering to a plan of care due to financial limitations, functional problems, and lack of formal and informal supports. Geriatricians must be part physician, part detective, and part family counselor. In order to be effective, they need to consider multiple plans and view patients in the context of their psychosocial, social, and spiritual needs and motivations. If these needs are not met, chances are that the medical outcome will suffer.
Glancing angle deposited CdTe: Nanostructured films and impact on solar cell performance

Abstract Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films with different microstructures and optical properties have been produced on soda-lime glass by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) at oblique sputtering angles varying from 0° to 80° with respect to the substrate normal. From cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs, increasingly tilted columnar structure occurs with increasing incident angle for as-deposited CdTe films. CdTe films deposited at lower angles closer to normal incidence consist of a mixture of cubic zinc blende and hexagonal wurtzite crystal structures while films prepared at more oblique angles have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Post-deposition CdCl2 treated films show enhancement in crystallite/grain size for samples prepared under all conditions. The optical response in the form of the complex dielectric function (e = e1 + ie2) spectra from 0.74 to 5.89 eV for the GLAD thin films are all qualitatively similar to single crystal CdTe. Higher angle deposited samples show columnar structure induced anisotropy in spectra in e in the transparent spectral range. Application of GLAD CdTe interlayers between CdS and CdTe of the standard CdS/CdTe heterojunction design solar cell shows better performance with up to 0.9% absolute efficiency increase.
Towards the spatial resolution of metalloprotein charge states by detailed modeling of XFEL crystallographic diffraction.

Oxidation states of individual metal atoms within a metalloprotein can be assigned by examining X-ray absorption edges, which shift to higher energy for progressively more positive valence numbers. Indeed, X-ray crystallography is well suited for such a measurement, owing to its ability to spatially resolve the scattering contributions of individual metal atoms that have distinct electronic environments contributing to protein function. However, as the magnitude of the shift is quite small, about +2 eV per valence state for iron, it has only been possible to measure the effect when performed with monochromated X-ray sources at synchrotron facilities with energy resolutions in the range 2–3 × 10−4 (ΔE/E). This paper tests whether X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses, which have a broader bandpass (ΔE/E = 3 × 10−3) when used without a monochromator, might also be useful for such studies. The program nanoBragg is used to simulate serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) diffraction images with sufficient granularity to model the XFEL spectrum, the crystal mosaicity and the wavelength-dependent anomalous scattering factors contributed by two differently charged iron centers in the 110-amino-acid protein, ferredoxin. Bayesian methods are then used to deduce, from the simulated data, the most likely X-ray absorption curves for each metal atom in the protein, which agree well with the curves chosen for the simulation. The data analysis relies critically on the ability to measure the incident spectrum for each pulse, and also on the nanoBragg simulator to predict the size, shape and intensity profile of Bragg spots based on an underlying physical model that includes the absorption curves, which are then modified to produce the best agreement with the simulated data. This inference methodology potentially enables the use of SFX diffraction for the study of metalloenzyme mechanisms and, in general, offers a more detailed approach to Bragg spot data reduction.
Optical Biopsy: Automated Classification of Airway Endoscopic Findings Using a Convolutional Neural Network.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Create an autonomous computational system to classify endoscopy findings. STUDY DESIGN Computational analysis of vocal fold images at an academic, tertiary-care laryngology practice. METHODS A series of normal and abnormal vocal fold images were obtained from the image database of an academic tertiary care laryngology practice. The benign images included normals, nodules, papilloma, polyps, and webs. A separate set of carcinoma and leukoplakia images comprised a single malignant-premalignant class. All images were classified with their existing labels. Images were randomly withheld from each class for testing. The remaining images were used to train and validate a neural network for classifying vocal fold lesions. Two classifiers were developed. A multiclass system classified the five categories of benign lesions. A separate analysis was performed using a binary classifier trained to distinguish malignant-premalignant from benign lesions. RESULTS Precision ranged from 71.7% (polyps) to 89.7% (papilloma), and recall ranged from 70.0% (papilloma) to 88.0% (nodules) for the benign classifier. Overall accuracy for the benign classifier was 80.8%. The binary classifier correctly identified 92.0% of the malignant-premalignant lesions with an overall accuracy of 93.0%. CONCLUSIONS Autonomous classification of endoscopic images with artificial intelligence technology is possible. Better network implementations and larger datasets will continue to improve classifier accuracy. A clinically useful optical cancer screening system may require a multimodality approach that incorporates nonvisual spectra. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 2020.
Cross-Layer Framework for CPSs

CPSs are composed of two interdependent layers. One is the cyber layer, and the other is the physical layer. The physical system becomes vulnerable as there are growing connectivity and integration between the cyber and the physical systems. Traditional IT solutions are not sufficient to protect the CPS from increasingly sophisticated cyber attacks. This chapter introduces the conceptual frameworks for cross-layer CPS design to improve the security at the cyber layer and the resiliency at the physical layer in a holistic manner. Based on the general conceptual framework, this chapter introduces two methodologies to design secure and resilient CPS. The first one builds an integrated framework bridging cryptography for data privacy and integrity with control theory for stabilizing the physical systems. The cross-layer design enables the cryptographic solution to be aware of its impact on the physical systems and the control-theoretic design to be aware of the consequences of cryptographic solutions. The second one provides a unified design paradigm using game theory. Game theory provides a rich class of models that can be used to capture multiple types of interactions. It can be used to model the adversarial behaviors and their interactions with the cyber defense, as well as the optimal robust control design under worst-case disturbances. The game-theoretic unification of the models at the cyber and the physical layers naturally leads to a holistic cross-layer design framework. This chapter introduces the concepts of games-in-games, or meta-game to describe the system-of-systems modeling of CPSs. We extend the cross-layer framework from a complete observation paradigm to a partially observable one. We will use multiple CPS application domains to illustrate the two cross-layer design methodologies.
Information Asymmetries, Financial Structure, and Financial Intermediation

This essay details a model of capital structure and financial equilibrium, developed in order to provide more theoretical information about informational asymmetries, financial structure, and financial intermediation. Although direct information transfer about the abilities of the entrepreneur and/or the quality of the firm is uncertain, one publicly available signal is investment in the project by the entrepreneur. This model demonstrates how a firm's value increases with the share of the firm shared by the entrepreneur, and a firm's financial structure can be related to a project or firm's value. Other models cannot readily account for the presence of financial intermediaries, in part because they do not incorporate the role of asymmetric information -- with this model, financial intermediation (which provides a validation role for the credibility of information and has a means of recouping the cost of information gathering and legitimation) can be interpreted as a response to asymmetric information. Within this model, it is determined that the set of investment projects undertaken coincides with the set that would be undertaken if direct information transfer were possible. (CBS)
Eye-hand decoupling decreases visually guided reaching independently of posture but reduces sway while standing: Evidence for supra-postural control.

Abstract We investigated whether visually guided reaching differs for sitting and standing postures while the eyes and hand are coupled to move in the same direction or decoupled to move in opposite directions. We also investigated how coupled and decoupled reaching tasks influenced standing postural control. Eighteen healthy young adults (M = 21 years) moved a cursor using finger movements along a vertical touchscreen while sitting or standing. In an eye-hand coupling (EH) task, participants moved their finger/cursor from a central target to a peripheral target located either up, down, left, or right. In an eye-hand decoupling (EHD) task, participant’s finger movement moved the cursor in the opposite direction. Sway measures during the standing condition and kinematic variables for the cursor offered insight into whole-body control. Performances in EH revealed smaller errors and faster movements than EHD regardless of postural condition. Similar hand movements existed between sitting and standing when accounting for task, while greater variability in absolute endpoint errors existed for standing than sitting when task was ignored. Less postural sway existed for EHD than EH when standing. These data provide evidence that when participants decoupled the eyes and hand movement direction while standing, they attenuated sway to support control of this complex, cognitively demanding, visuomotor task.
Enhancing Decisions in Prognostics and Health Management Framework

Prognostics and health management have become increasingly important in recent years. Many research studies focus on a crucial phase consisting of predicting the remaining useful life of equipment or a component. However, this step is often carried out without taking into account the decisions that will be taken later. This article aims to propose a modification of the existing PHM framework to combine the prognostics and decision-making phases in a closed loop. In this paper, the presented framework is described and some elements for its implementation are proposed. A simplifiedexample is developed to illustrate the presented methodology of post-prognostic decision enhancement.
Advocating for a New Residency Application Process: A Student Perspective.

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for surgical residency programs to rethink their methods of evaluating and recruiting candidates. However, the past year has not been seamless, with a soaring number of applications, reports of programs and applicants having difficulty evaluating each other, and an increasingly uneven distribution of interviews among applicants. Consequently, many have called for national changes to the residency application process to address these longstanding concerns. Results Here, we review the evolving literature and advocate for the permanent adoption of visiting rotations, virtual interviews with a universal release date and data-driven attendance limits, and opportunities for in-person applicant visits. Conclusions We believe these changes leverage the strengths of each format, allow for satisfactory bidirectional evaluation, and promote principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion.
A Single Center Experience with Early Adoption of Physiologic Pacing Approaches.

BACKGROUND Increasing interest in physiological pacing has been countered with challenges such as accurate lead deployment and increasing pacing thresholds with His-bundle pacing (HBP). More recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as an alternative approach to physiologic pacing. OBJECTIVE To compare procedural outcomes and pacing parameters at follow-up during initial adoption of HBP and LBBAP at a single center. METHODS Retrospective review, from September 2016 to January 2020, identified the first 50 patients each who underwent successful HBP or LBBAP. Pacing parameters were then assessed at first follow-up after implantation and after approximately one year, evaluating for acceptable pacing parameters defined as sensing R-wave amplitude >5 mV, threshold <2.5 V @ 0.5 ms and impedance between 400 and 1200 Ohms. RESULTS The HBP group was younger with lower ejection fraction compared to LBBAP (73.2±15.3 vs 78.2±9.2 years, p=0.047; 51.0±15.9% vs 57.0±13.1%, p = 0.044). Post-procedural QRS widths were similarly narrow (119.8±21.2 vs. 116.7±15.2ms; p = 0.443) in both groups. Significantly fewer patients with HBP met the outcome for acceptable pacing parameters at initial follow-up (56.0% vs 96.4%, p = 0.001) and most recent follow-up (60.7% vs 94.9%, p = <0.001; at 399±259 vs. 228±124 days, p = <0.001). More HBP patients required lead revision due to early battery depletion or concern for pacing failure (0 vs 13.3%, at a mean of 664 days). CONCLUSION During initial adoption, HBP is associated with a significantly higher frequency of unacceptable pacing parameters, energy consumption, and lead revisions compared with LBBAP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Understanding the role of myosin-10 at the mitotic spindle (801.3)

The proper formation and function of mitotic spindles are essential for any organism. Disruption of myosin-10 (myo10), an actin-based motor protein, has been shown to perturb mitotic spindle struct...
THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN THE CIRCULATION ON CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION

The removal of glucose from the blood following massive oraladministration of this sugar involves at least the initial stages ofcarbohydrate metabolism. The rate of its removal, however,may be subject to factors unrelated to carbohydrate metabolismas such.It is the purpose of this article to record experiments that dealwith certain of the factors, both chemical and otherwise, thatdetermine the rate of removal and hence the shape that the bloodsugar curve assumes after glucose ingestion. The meaning of thephenomenon of "low sugar tolerance" and its bearing on thepathology of those disorders in which a lowered sugar tolerance isobserved depends on an understanding of the factors involved inremoving sugar from the blood.In the normal individual the peak of alimentary hyperglycemia,following administration of 100 gm. of glucose, is usually reachedin hour and the blood sugar rarely attains a level in the venousblood higher than 150 mg. per 100 cc. The fall in blood sugarfrom this peak is rapid, ad occurs at a time when glucose is stillbeing actively absorbed from the intestinal tract (1).* The work here reported is part of a series of studies on chronic arthritisin collaboration with Robert Osgood, M.D., of Boston.The expenses of this investigation were defrayed by contributions fromseveral sources, including a number of patients.Presented before the College of Physicians, Philadelphia, June 3, 1925.Obligation should be expressed to Dr. E. G. Peirce for cooperativeassistance in several phases of the work.89
Comparison of Immunodiffusion and Complement Fixation Tests in the Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis

The immunodiffusion and complement fixation tests for histoplasmosis were compared on 2,090 initial sera from 70 proven cases of histoplasmosis, 177 routine chest hospital patients, and 1,843 coal miners from outside the major endemic area for histoplasmosis. The complement fixation test using histoplasmin as antigen detected antibodies in the sera of 72.8% of the 70 proven cases, while the complement fixation test using yeast antigen detected antibodies in 94.3% of the case sera, and the immunodiffusion test using histoplasmin antigen detected antibodies in 90% of the sera. The tests were also compared for sensitivity, specificity, and ease of performance.
Lost Opportunities for International Financial Institutions: Foreign Direct Investment in Cuba, Amid U.S. Economic Sanctions

Government officials and academics alike have suggested easing the U.S. sanctions against Cuba to offer ailing U.S. exporters a hungry market for trade in goods. Less obvious, however, is the potential benefit to the many struggling international financial institutions (“IFIs”) that must also comply with the sanctions. The U.S. sanctions regime against Cuba is characterized by wasted resources and lost opportunities for IFIs. IFIs are forced to expend vast amounts of resources crafting compliance programs to avoid crushing fines for even inadvertent violations. Those same IFIs must also forego lucrative investment opportunities on an island known for its scenic beaches and vast natural resources.6a All told, the opportunity cost of IFI compliance goes far beyond the dollar amount of fines paid in settlement of violations. Relaxing the economic sanctions of Cuba would thus be a viable way to ease the burden on struggling IFIs and, ultimately, stimulate the U.S. economy. An IFI’s potential inroads to any country’s financial system include the following: (1) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); (2) cross border securities purchases and listings; (3) financial services of various kinds; (4) cross border finance meant to facilitate trade in goods; and (5) cross border monetary arrangements. The scope of this paper encompasses primarily the first - it examines the recent history and future potential for FDI in Cuba and joint ventures with the Government of Cuba ('GOC'). Also, since U.S. economic sanctions restrain such activity, this paper also examines the myriad regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control ('OFAC'), the office charged with overseeing U.S. sanctions programs. Part II touches upon the Cuban economy itself and the role that U.S. dollars have played in Cuba’s survival, despite U.S. policy goals. Part III examines opportunities for FDI and joint ventures in Cuba. Part IV looks at the legal framework of the U.S. economic sanctions against Cuba. Part V examines just how OFAC carries out those economic sanctions with regard to IFIs, offers suggestions that would ease the IFIs’ burden of OFAC compliance, and examines steps that the IFIs, OFAC, the U.S. Government, and the GOC might take to achieve their economic objectives. Part VI is a brief conclusion.
The Intel Cases - Legal Convergence or Leaps of Faith?

Intel found itself in the cross-hairs of both the European Commission and the U.S. FTC at the same time. In the EC, we have a system in which many of the defenses and justifications that apply in the United States (such as the need for the plaintiff to show that any predatory losses were reasonably probable to be recouped later) do not exist. And the Commission has a body of court decisions that would allow it to bring cases almost without regard to their actual economic impact. To its credit, the Commission seems to be trying to get case law that is based more firmly on real effects rather than pure structure. In the United States, we have the full panoply of defenses to an antitrust charge, so the FTC is trying to use Section 5 of the FTC Act to almost mirror what the Commission can achieve under Article 102, including cutting off the defenses that would be available here if the actions were brought under the Sherman Act. The point of this approach is simply to note that, while some people may think that letting the FTC go far afield under Section 5 is a benefit because it enables the agency to go after more bad conduct, the fact that it may lead to broader private litigation and to the same agency enforcing two laws in ways where the same conduct is permitted under one but banned under the other, may well outweigh the theoretical benefit of the broader range of action. We may find ourselves with the worst of both worlds — broad, vague case law under Section 5, and the full range of private litigation attempting to collect under that law. And in Brussels, it may be thought that if we can move the courts to make the law more economically coherent then allowing private suits will not be as much of a problem. But the fact that the courts may leave the older precedents alone, or not move fully into the new realm, may again leave us with the worst of both worlds — formalized structural law and broad private litigation.
Regulation of Limbic Information Outflow by the Subthalamic Nucleus: Excitatory Amino Acid Projections to the Ventral Pallidum

The subthalamic nucleus (STN), a component of the basal ganglia motor system, sends an excitatory amino acid (EAA)-containing projection to the ventral pallidum (VP), a major limbic system output region. The VP contains both NMDA and AMPA subtypes of EAA receptors. To characterize the physiology of the subthalamic pathway to the VP, and to determine the influence of EAA receptor subtypes, in vivo intracellular recordings, and in vivo extracellular recordings combined with microiontophoresis, were made from VP neurons in anesthetized rats. Of the intracellularly recorded neurons, 86% responded to STN stimulation, and these displayed EPSPs with an onset of 8.7 msec, consistent with a monosynaptic input. The EPSPs evoked in spontaneously firing neurons were nearly twice the amplitude of those in nonfiring cells (13.1 vs 6.8 mV, respectively). As neurons were depolarized by current injection, the latency for spiking decreased from 24.2 to 14.2 msec, although EPSP latency was unaffected. Eighty-seven percent of the extracellularly recorded VP neurons responded to STN stimulation with a rapid and robust enhancement of spiking; the response onset, like the EPSP onset, equaled 8.7 msec. Firing rate was enhanced by NMDA in 94% of the STN-excited cells, and AMPA increased firing in 94% as well. The NMDA-selective antagonist AP-5 attenuated 67% of the STN-evoked excitatory responses, and the AMPA-selective antagonist CNQX attenuated 52%. Both antagonists attenuated 33% of responses, and 78% were attenuated by at least one. This evidence suggests that a great majority of VP neurons are directly influenced by STN activation and that both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors are involved. Moreover, the VP response to STN stimulation appears to be strongly dependent on the depolarization state of the neuron.
Radiographic findings following irrigation of chronic perineal drain with hydrogen peroxide.

INTRODUCTION Hydrogen peroxide is a widely available agent used for irrigation and disinfecting. With misuse, significant side effects have been noted ranging from nausea to abdominal cramping to portal venous gas, air embolism and death.
Electrical conduction in niobium-niobium oxide-gold diodes

It is shown that for voltages between 0.2 V and 1 V (Nb-) a linear relationship is obtained between ln J and √V for diodes with relatively thick oxides (1700 A). The effects of heat treatment under vacuum conditions upon the conduction characteristics is reported. It is suggested that oxygen vacancies may be responsible for many of the electrical characteristics observed in thin Nb2O5 films.
The Physical Origin of Negative Superhumps in Cataclysmic Variables

It has been suspected for over 20 years that the observed negative superhumps in cataclysmic variables are due to the retrograde precession of a tilted disk. We present new smooth particle hydrodynamics simulation results that demonstrate that the source of the modulation of the luminosity of the light in a negatively superhumping cataclysmic variable is the transit of the bright spot across the face of an accretion disk that is tilted out of the orbital plane. In an untilted disk the bright spot is always located on the outer edge of the disk, and the intrinsic brightness of the accretion spot is constant for a disk at equilibrium. However, if the accretion disk is tilted out of the orbital plane and only slowly precessing in the inertial frame, then the bright spot will have this luminosity just twice per orbit as the accretion stream impacts the disk edge at the line of nodes. At other times, however, the accretion spot will transit across one face or the other of the tilted disk as the secondary star moves in orbit. Because the impact point is then deeper in the gravitational potential well of the primary white dwarf, the bright spot luminosity is correspondingly higher. Because only one face of the disk is visible in these optically thick disk systems, only one brightening per orbit is observed, and the slow retrograde precession of the tilted disk results in a period slightly shorter than the orbital period. We present simulation light curves and an animation to demonstrate these results.
Association of the Epithelial Sodium Channel with Apx and α-Spectrin in A6 Renal Epithelial Cells

Abstract Recent molecular cloning of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) provides the opportunity to identify ENaC-associated proteins that function in regulating its cell surface expression and activity. We have examined whether ENaC is associated with Apx (apical protein X enopus) and the spectrin-based membrane cytoskeleton in Xenopus A6 renal epithelial cells. We have also addressed whether Apx is required for the expression of amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents by cloned ENaC. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of A6 cell detergent extracts showed co-sedimentation of xENaC, α-spectrin, and Apx. Immunoblot analysis of proteins co-immunoprecipitating under high stringency conditions from peak Xenopus ENaC/Apx-containing gradient fractions indicate that ENaC, Apx, and α-spectrin are associated in a macromolecular complex. To examine whether Apx is required for the functional expression of ENaC, αβγ mENaC cRNAs were coinjected into Xenopus oocytes with Apx sense or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. The two-electrode voltage clamp technique showed there was a marked reduction in amiloride-sensitive current in oocytes coinjected with antisense oligonucleotides when to compared with oocytes coinjected with sense oligonucleotides. These studies indicate that ENaC is associated in a macromolecular complex with Apx and α-spectrin in A6 cells and suggest that Apx is required for the functional expression of ENaC inXenopus epithelia.
The vertical distribution of tropospheric ammonia

A one-dimensional tropospheric photochemical model is used to simulate measured profiles of NH3 obtained with the Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer. The relative roles of homogeneous loss, heterogeneous loss, and vertical eddy transport are discussed in terms of selecting parameters which best fit the measurements. The best fit was obtained for a vertical eddy diffusion coefficient of 200,000/sq cm per sec or greater (corresponding to a characteristic vertical transport time in excess of about 35 days), and a characteristic heterogeneous loss time in excess of 10 days. The characteristic homogeneous chemical loss time was found to be about 40 days at the surface and decreased to about 180 days at 10 km, and not very sensitive to model chemical perturbations. Increased ground-level concentrations of NH3 to about 10 ppb, compared to background surface concentrations of about 1 ppb, were measured several weeks after application of ammonium nitrate fertilizer. This suggests that the volatilization of ammonium nitrate fertilizer is rapid, and an important source of NH3. Because of the characteristic times for the loss mechanisms, synoptic time-scale phenomena may play an important role in determining the tropospheric distribution of NH3 concentrations.
Cybercrime and punishment

Each medium we know of is defined by 1) the grammar which defines it and 2) the regulatory approach which defines it. Yet Cyberspace has introduced new harms and new crimes which have never before existed while some crimes have pre‐existing antecedents. Regulation over the Internet may be based upon new harms. Rather than physical harm per se, the realm of psychological violation may provide the basis for a cause of action, yet we still speak in terms of physical or corporeal impact. What is the nature of punishment when liability or guilt is found to exist and who metes out such punishment? This article proposes a typology of criminal behavior in cyberspace.
Prospects and Challenges for Helioseismology

Helioseismology has advanced considerably our knowledge of the interior of the Sun over the past three decades. Our understanding of the Sun’s internal structure, its dynamics, rotation, convection and magnetism, have all been advanced. Yet there are challenges, areas where the results from helioseismology are tantalizing but inconclusive, and aspects where the interpretation of the data has still to be put on a firm footing. In this paper we shall focus on a number of those challenges and give our assessment of where progress needs to be made in the next decade.
Absence of Neutral Alkali Atoms in Rhodizite

The formula CsBl2Be4Al4O28 has been proposed by others for the mineral rhodizite. Electron-spin-resonance and magnetic susceptibility measurements prove the absence of neutral cesium atoms. An ionic formula CsB11Be4Al4O26(OH)2 is proposed.