cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence Under the Museveni Regime, 1985–2016

Chapter 5 examines how the Museveni regime—built on ethnic and regional ideologies—intensified the severe crisis of legitimacy and political violence through an unprecedented militarization of the society, personalization of brute power, the no-party or single-party system, unprecedented corruption, bribery, unprecedented rigging of elections, nepotism, cooption, repression, genocide in Acoliland, constitutional coup, and imperial presidency. The chapter analyses how the state, the institutions of the state and the ruling party became fused in the person of the imperial presidency, and how the regime championed anti-homosexuality sentiments to address both the domestic and international legitimation deficits.
Correction of hyperleucinemia in MSUD patients on leucine-free dietary therapy.

Abstract Purpose Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a rare disorder of branched-chain amino acid catabolism associated with encephalopathy from accumulation of leucine. Leucine is closely monitored during normal growth and particularly during acute illness. As most hospitals do not have access to rapid plasma amino acid quantification, the initial management is often empirical. A model describing the reduction of plasma leucine in hyperleucinemic patients on leucine-free formula would help to guide management and optimize testing frequency. Methods We retrospectively reviewed charts from 15 MSUD patients comprising 29 episodes of hyperleucinemia that were managed with leucine-free formula. Episodes were categorized by clinical presentation. Results Upon leucine restriction, plasma leucine concentrations fell exponentially at a rate proportional to approximately 50% of the starting value over each 24-hour period. Recovery appears to be sensitive to clinical status and triggering event of the hyperleucinemic episode. Patients with upper respiratory infections generally recovered slowly, while cases of dietary non-adherence resolved more quickly. Conclusion This general model may help anticipate leucine levels during clinical management of MSUD patients when using nutritional support and leucine-free formula. The response of individual patients may vary depending on clinical status and triggering factors.
Solutions Journalism: The Effects of Including Solution Information in News Stories About Social Problems*

As news professionals, you are aware that much of the public complains that the news media is too negative and full of conflict. You are equally aware that negative news stories are inevitable, eve...
Antiferromagnetic Ordering in ErCu: Resistivity and Specific Heat

The intermetallic compound ErCu has the CsCl structure and is antiferromagnetic1,2 with TN = 16+1K. Resistivity p, specific heat C and magnetization M measurements reported here indicate that a second transition occurs at about 10K. Both the magnetic structure3 and the crystalline electric field CEF parameter4 for ErCu are known. The antiferromagnetic structure is C-type with a propagation vector Q = (1/2, 1/2, 0). The CEF parameters are W = − 0.64K and X = + 0.34 giving a Γ8 (3) quartet ground state. The separation between the Γ 8 (3) ground state and the Γ6 first excited state is about 100K.8
Inflammation and CVD in 2017: From clonal haematopoiesis to the CANTOS trial.

In 2017, a cluster of papers have provided strong evidence in favour of the inflammation hypothesis in cardiovascular disease. From fundamental observations on clonal haematopoiesis to clinical evidence indicating that blocking an inflammatory cytokine mitigates heart disease, 2017 has been a watershed year.
Response to Klorer's Letter to the Editor (Talwar)

Note:To read the original article by Hamrick and Byma being discussed in this commentary, please click here.
Solid-Phase Microextraction of DNA from Mycobacteria in Artificial Sputum Samples To Enable Visual Detection Using Isothermal Amplification.

Point-of-care (POC) technologies for the detection of pathogens in clinical samples are highly valued due to their speed, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, they are ideally suited for resource-limited settings where expensive and sophisticated laboratory equipment may not be readily available. In this study, a rapid method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of mycobacterial DNA with subsequent isothermal amplification and visual detection was developed. Direct coupling of the SPME desorption solution (1 M NaCl) to the isothermal reaction system was achieved to circumvent dilution steps and improve detection limits. Using this method, DNA was preconcentrated from lysed mycobacteria in just 2 min, subjected to isothermal multiple-self-matching-initiated amplification (IMSA), and the amplicons were detected visually. With a total analysis times of less than 2 h, the optimized method was capable of extracting and visually detecting mycobacterial DNA from artificial sputum samples cont...
Stable, Well-Defined Nickel(0) Catalysts for Catalytic C-C and C-N Bond Formation.

The synthesis and catalytic activity of several classes of NHC–Ni(0) precatalysts stabilized by electron-withdrawing alkenes are described. Variations in the structure of fumarate and acrylate ligands modulate the reactivity and stability of the NHC–Ni(0) precatalysts and lead to practical and versatile catalysts for a variety of transformations. The catalytic activity and efficiency of representative members of this class of catalysts have been evaluated in reductive couplings of aldehydes and alkynes and in N-arylations of amines.
On the impact of configuration of access points on the performance of wireless networks

Wireless technologies are advancing rapidly, providing ubiquitous communication to diverse user communities. Businesses are seeking wireless networks for a wide range of application domains, which fuels the need for higher data rates and better performance levels. The wireless industry has made significant progress in overcoming performance constraints that hindered the widespread adoption of wireless technologies. Extensive research on architectures and their implementation details has brought tremendous advancements and improvements in wireless capabilities. In this paper, we show how we can improve the performance of wireless networks by employing various configuration techniques. We deal with two configuration issues, the overlapping channel problem and the node assignment problem, which specifically affect the performance of Wireless Infrastructure networks. This paper aims at proposing channel assignment techniques which minimize the channel interferences between access points and presents node assignment patterns which minimize congestion and contention at the access point by balancing traffic load. This study will help wireless users choose and adopt a suitable wireless technology based on their application's QoS requirements, infrastructure available and wireless features needed.
Acclimation to Contaminants by the Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio: Individual Contaminants vs. Mixtures

In acclimation, a pre-exposure to a sublethal level of a contaminant results in an increased resistance in a subsequent exposure to a higher concentration of this contaminant. This research, using the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio as a model species, compared the occurrence of acclimation to individual contaminants to that for contaminant mixtures. Grass shrimp collected from Pass Fourchon (a produced-water discharge site with highly-elevated sediment PAH levels as well as elevated metal levels) and conspecifics collected from a nearby control site did not differ in resistance in laboratory exposures to Pass Fourchon sediment. Similarly, grass shrimp collected from the control area and kept for two weeks in enclosures at different sites along the pollution gradient in Pass Fourchon, did not differ in resistance in subsequent laboratory exposures to contaminated sediment. To investigate if these absences of acclimation could be explained by contamination complexity, pre-exposures were then conducted in the laboratory, where specific metals and PAHs in solution were used instead of field-collected contaminated sediments. Typical acclimation responses (an increased resistance at low pre-exposure levels, declining to a reduced resistance at higher pre-exposure levels) were observed for zinc and for naphthalene. No acclimation was observed for phenanthrene, for the combination of zinc and naphthalene, or for a mixture of three metals and three PAHs. These results indicate that acclimation may become less likely as the number of contaminants increases. Potential mechanisms for such a pattern are that one contaminant may inhibit the detoxification of another contaminant, that the energetic requirements (for repair/detoxification) for exposure to one contaminant may compete with those for another contaminant, or that increases in resistance for some contaminants may be offset by decreases in resistance for other contaminants.
Stuart Geman and Donald Geman, “Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images”;

An original image has been blurred by some point spread function, and this blurred image has been corrupted by noise. The goal of processing is to recover the original image. The processing is based on a user-provided model that specifies the likelihood of a pixel having an intensity value similar to those of its neighbors (i.e., the spatial coherence in images), and on the data provided by the observed degraded image. The Geman and Geman paper is more general than this, showing how to reconstruct an original data set from the degraded observation of that data set using a model of the interaction between neighboring elements of the data set. The Geman and Geman paper can be divided into three parts: (1) The first part draws together ideas and theorems from the literature on Markov Random Fields (MRF) that allow one to specify the maximum a posteriori estimate of the state of the MRF given degraded observations of that MRF. The MRF is used as the formalism for describing images, and established theorems provide a means for specifying the probability of a particular original image given the observed degraded image. (2) The second part introduces the technique of simulated annealing as a mechanism for finding the image that maximizes the probability of it being a replica of the original image given the observations, and establishes convergence properties for these annealing procedures. (3) The third part introduces a model of spatial coherence in images. This model explicitly permits the placement of image boundaries that terminate this coherence.
Radical Pericardiectomy for Pericardial Diseases

The surgical management of constrictive pericarditis has evolved from a partial pericardiectomy via a thoracotomy approach to a more extensive removal of the pericardium. This review summarizes the published studies regarding surgical management of pericardial disease, focusing on the surgical technique of radical pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. Anterior phrenic to phrenic resection without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass has been performed in many centers. This approach achieves improvement in symptoms; however, there are patients who have progressive constriction of the remaining pericardium requiring a completion pericardiectomy. Recent studies show that the survival and functional outcome is superior after a complete pericardiectomy. Our approach is to perform a complete pericardiectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass. In experienced centers, the outcomes have significantly improved with careful selection of patients, advances in pre- and postoperative care, and refinement in surgical techniques.
Occurrence of major anti-retinal autoantibodies associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy.

Abstract Autoantibodies (AAbs) against retinal antigens can be found in patients with cancer and unexplained vision loss unrelated to the cancer metastasis. Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare paraneoplastic visual syndrome mediated by AAbs. Our goal was to determine whether CAR patients with different malignancies have a specific AAb or repertoire of AAbs that could serve as biomarkers for retinal disease. We found AAbs against 12 confirmed retinal antigens, with α-enolase being the most frequently recognized. The significant finding of the study was a high incidence of anti-aldolase AAbs in colon-CAR, anti-CAII in prostate-CAR, and anti-arrestin in skin melanoma patients thus these AAbs could serve as biomarkers in the context of clinical presentation and could support the diagnosis of CAR. However, a lack of AAb restriction to any one antigenic protein or to one retinal cellular location makes screening for a CAR biomarker challenging.
Platform Takeoff and Self-Fulfilling Expectations: Field Experimental Evidence

The theoretical literature on platforms and network effects predicts that initial growth of a platform depends on the market’s expectations of future installed base. This paper tests this claim, reporting on a field experiment in which invitations to join a newly launched platform were sent to 16,349 individuals and included randomized statements regarding the future expected installed base (along with disclosures of the current installed base). This study’s results affirm this theory, contribute greater understanding of the nature and importance of expectations, and reveal that market expectations can be influenced.
SUV39H2 controls trophoblast stem cell fate.

Abstract Background The placenta is formed by the coordinated expansion and differentiation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells along a multi-lineage pathway. Dynamic regulation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is pivotal to cell differentiation for many cell lineages, but little is known about its involvement in trophoblast cell development. Methods Expression of H3K9 methyltransferases was surveyed in rat TS cells maintained in the stem state and following differentiation. The role of suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2) in the regulation of trophoblast cell lineage development was investigated using a loss-of-function approach in rat TS cells and ex vivo cultured rat blastocysts. Results Among the twelve-known H3K9 methyltransferases, only SUV39H2 exhibited robust differential expression in stem versus differentiated TS cells. SUV39H2 transcript and protein expression were high in the stem state and declined as TS cells differentiated. Disruption of SUV39H2 expression in TS cells led to an arrest in TS cell proliferation and activation of trophoblast cell differentiation. SUV39H2 regulated H3K9 methylation status at loci exhibiting differentiation-dependent gene expression. Analyses of SUV39H2 on ex vivo rat blastocyst development supported its role in regulating TS cell expansion and differentiation. We further identified SUV39H2 as a downstream target of caudal type homeobox 2, a master regulator of trophoblast lineage development. Conclusions Our findings indicate that SUV39H2 contributes to the maintenance of TS cells and restrains trophoblast cell differentiation. General significance SUV39H2 serves as a contributor to the epigenetic regulation of hemochorial placental development.
10-step-evaluation for training and performance improvement: authored by Seung Youn (Yonnie) Chyung, Thousand Oaks, CA, SAGE Publications, 2019, 1–332 pp., $85.00 (Paper), ISBN 978-1-5543-2396-1

10-Step Evaluation for Training and Performance Improvement authored by Yonnie Chyung is written for workforce development and performance improvement practitioners and evaluators who are intereste...
The Spillover Effects of Capacity Pooling in Hospitals

Off-service placement is a common capacity pooling strategy that hospitals utilize to address mismatches in supply and demand that arise from the day-to-day variation in patient demand. This strategy involves placing patients in a bed in a unit that is designated for another specialty service. Building on prior work that documents the negative first-order effects of off-service placement on patients who are placed off service themselves, we quantify the spillover effects of this practice on patients who are actually placed on service. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that patients placed on service experience a substantial spillover effect of off-service placement, manifesting as a longer length of stay, a higher likelihood of hospital readmission, and a higher likelihood of clinical trigger activation. Our analyses show it is not only the average level of off-service placement, but also the volatility of off-service placement, that contributes to this spillover effect. Through a series of counterfactual analyses, we propose alternate routing policies that could meaningfully improve outcomes around the efficiency and quality of care in the inpatient setting.
Assessment of Patient, Joint, Cartilage Injury Characteristics

The cartilage surgeon is a comprehensive knee surgeon. A sound understanding of meniscal, ligamentous, and patellofemoral issues is required. Cartilage injuries are often a result of trauma or aberrant anatomy. Excessive pressure or shear forces on articular cartilage will decrease the longevity of its pristine surface. With limited native regeneration potential, specific techniques must be employed to restore or reconstruct the articular surface. This chapter discusses a complete evaluation of the knee including history, physical exam, and imaging. Core components will be obtained for all patients, but it is important to note that not every test or study will be employed uniformly. As with any sound evaluation, it will begin by conducting a comprehensive history.
Identifying the sources of technological novelty in the process of invention

Abstract Much work on technological change agrees that the combination of new and existing technological capabilities is one of the principal sources of inventive novelty, and that there have been instances in history when new inventions appear with few antecedents. The many discussions across research communities regarding the relative roles of combination and origination as sources of technological novelty have not provided much in the way of formal identification and quantification. By taking advantage of the technology codes used by the U.S. Patent Office to classify patents, we discretize technologies and identify four distinct sources of technological novelty. The resulting technological novelty taxonomy is then used to assess the relative importance of refining existing technologies, combining existing and new technologies, and de novo creation of technological capabilities as sources of new inventions. Our results clearly show that the process of invention has been primarily a combinatorial process accompanied by rare occurrences of technological origination. The importance of reusing existing technological capabilities to generate inventions has been steadily rising and recently overtook recombination as the source of novelty for most new inventions.
TU-AB-201-02: An Automated Treatment Plan Quality Assurance Program for Tandem and Ovoid High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

Purpose: For tandem and ovoid (T&O) HDR brachytherapy in our clinic, it is required that the planning physicist manually capture ∼10 images during planning, perform a secondary dose calculation and generate a report, combine them into a single PDF document, and upload it to a record- and-verify system to prove to an independent plan checker that the case was planned correctly. Not only does this slow down the already time-consuming clinical workflow, the PDF document also limits the number of parameters that can be checked. To solve these problems, we have developed a web-based automatic quality assurance (QA) program. Methods: We set up a QA server accessible through a web- interface. A T&O plan and CT images are exported as DICOMRT files and uploaded to the server. The software checks 13 geometric features, e.g. if the dwell positions are reasonable, and 10 dosimetric features, e.g. secondary dose calculations via TG43 formalism and D2cc to critical structures. A PDF report is automatically generated with errors and potential issues highlighted. It also contains images showing important geometric and dosimetric aspects to prove the plan was created following standard guidelines. Results: The program has been clinically implemented in our clinic. In each of the 58 T&O plans we tested, a 14- page QA report was automatically generated. It took ∼45 sec to export the plan and CT images and ∼30 sec to perform the QA tests and generate the report. In contrast, our manual QA document preparation tooks on average ∼7 minutes under optimal conditions and up to 20 minutes when mistakes were made during the document assembly. Conclusion: We have tested the efficiency and effectiveness of an automated process for treatment plan QA of HDR T&O cases. This software was shown to improve the workflow compared to our conventional manual approach.
A Survey of Probabilistic Service Life Prediction Methods for Structures

This paper presents an overview of some proposed probabilitybased service life prediction methods. Primary concern is focused on the methods that are of interest in service life assessment of an outdoor structure. The survey includes methods for characterizing random load histories, for modeling material deterioration, and for evaluating both instantaneous and progressive probabilities of failure. A numerical example, showing the service life and reliability of a viscoelastic structure under outdoor environmental loadings, is given.
An Efficient Topology Update Protocol for Dynamic Networks

Topology update is a major component in routing protocols operating in existing communication networks. This paper presents a new efficient topology update protocol that works in dynamic networks that may never stabilize. Our protocol does not use unbounded counters and has O(m) amortized message complexity per topological change, where m is the number of edges. The protocol is very simple and is based on a “hop counter” technique. Our protocol uses a novel technique that combines a dynamic protocol (that works under the assumption that the network never stabilizes) and an eventually stable protocol (that works under the assumption that the network stabilizes).
A fixed point theorem for multifunctions and an application

The main result is a fixed point theorem for compositions of chain faithful multifunctions (Corollary 2.3). The theorem is then applied to get sufficient conditions for the fixed point property of the product of two partially ordered sets.
Quantitative Aspects of Zinc Absorption by Isolated, Vascularly Perfused Rat Intestine

Quantitative measurements of zinc absorption were made using the isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine as a model. The perfused intestine retains the ability to discriminate between absorption processes for calciu, copper, iron and zinc. Measurements of zinc absorption by the perfused intestine, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, indicated the presence of a zinc pool within intestinal mucosal cells. The zinc concentration in the lumen of the perfused intestine was directly related to the amount of zinc that appeared in the vascular perfusate. Intestines obtained from zinc-deficient animals exhibited an ability to process greater quantities of zinc which resulted in enhanced absorption. The maximal rate of zinc absorption was 229 nmoles per hour with intestines from rats fed adequate amounts of zinc and 627 nmoles per hour when a zinc-deficient diet was fed. Administration of zinc to rats before isolation and perfusion of the intestine resulted in greater intracellular retention of zinc taken up from the lumen and correspondingly lesser amounts (75 nmoles per hour) transferred to the vascular supply. These data provide quantitative evidence that the perfused intestine retains its ability to exercise homeostatic control over the zinc absorption process and that the intestinal cell is a major site of regulation.
A surface roughness model for predicting alluvial cover and bed load transport rate in bedrock channels

Partial alluvial cover in bedrock channels influences downcutting rates and mountain river morphodynamics. Flume experiments have demonstrated that a wide range of stable cover fractions are possible for a given ratio of sediment supply to transport capacity. Existing cover models impose different unique relationships between cover fraction and reach-scale transport variables (e.g., slope, discharge, sediment supply, and grain size). Individually, these models cannot predict the range of cover behaviors observed experimentally, suggesting that additional variables may be important. I propose a 1-D model in which bedrock surface roughness is a control on partial alluvial cover. In the model, surface roughness affects both shear stresses and thresholds of grain motion and therefore sediment transport capacity. The roughness of the combined bedrock-alluvial bed surface varies with the cover fraction. Model trends are reasonably consistent with previous experiments over ranges of roughness, slope, and shear stress. When bedrock roughness is much greater than grain size, cover increases approximately linearly with the ratio of sediment supply to transport capacity. When bedrock roughness is much less than the sediment diameter, the model tends to predict abrupt shifts between complete bedrock exposure and alluvial cover. This runaway alluviation occurs for model solutions that are unstable to perturbations in supply, which is the case when transport capacity decreases as alluvial cover increases. In addition, a model variant in which sediment supply is controlled by the amount of sediment on the bed suggests that a linear cover relation may be sufficient for modeling sediment flux-dependent erosion at landscape scales.
Abstract P1-01-03: Value of breast MRI for preoperative axillary assessment of breast cancer patients

Background: Many newly diagnosed breast cancer patients undergo preoperative breast MRI which includes visualization of some degree of the axilla. The impact of patient characteristics and tumor biology on the fidelity of MRI imaging of the axilla in these cases is not well-studied. We sought to examine the correlation between nodal findings on breast MRI and pathologic nodal status in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Methods: With IRB approval, we identified 1868 consecutive breasts with invasive cancer in 1803 patients undergoing primary operation with axillary surgery from 1/2010-7/2013. Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (348) were excluded leaving 1510 breasts with cancer in 1455 patients. Preoperative MRI was performed in 763 patients (52%). We evaluated patient, imaging and pathology data. Results: Patients evaluated with MRI were median age 57 years. The majority of tumors were T1 (63%) and T2 (28%). MRI identified suspicious axillary nodes in 240 cases (31%), of which 123 (51%) were node positive at operation. Suspicious axillary findings on MRI predicted both nodal status and pN stage at operation (both p Diagnostic performance did not vary significantly based on patient body mass index (BMI) or approximated biologic subtype, but specificity was better for patients >age 50 (p=0.007) and sensitivity and PPV both were worse for grade 1 vs grade 2/3 tumors. Node positivity rate at operation was 48% (51/106) for patients with a solitary abnormal node on MRI and 54% (72/134) when >1 suspicious node was seen (p=0.39). However, multiple vs solitary MRI suspicious nodes correlated with ≥3 positive nodes at operation (40 [30%] vs 19 [18%], p=0.03) and pN2/pN3 disease (29 [22%] vs 12 [11%], p=0.03). Conclusion : Axillary lymph node findings on MRI for breast cancer predict nodal status and disease volume in invasive breast cancer patients. Tumor biologic subtype did not affect performance characteristics of preoperative MRI, but tumor grade did influence the sensitivity and PPV of MRI. When MRI is performed in the evaluation of newly diagnosed breast cancer, axillary findings inform pathologic nodal stage at operation regardless of tumor subtype. Citation Format: Sean C Dupont, Judy C Boughey, Tanya L Hoskin, Katrina N Glazebrook, Tina J Hieken. Value of breast MRI for preoperative axillary assessment of breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-03.
The Economic Effects of Surface Freight Deregulation

This book presents a quantitative assessment of the effects of surface freight deregulation on the welfare of shippers, motor carriers, railroads, and labor. The authors find that deregulation has substantially benefited shippers and railroads at some cost to the less-than-truckload segment of the motor carrier industry and to the rail and motor carrier labor force, for an annual net gain to the nation of nearly $16 billion (1988 dollars). Because the industry is still adjusting to deregulation, the authors identify how further increases in competition and operating efficiency can provide additional benefits to shippers and carriers. The authors recommend policies for the rail and motor carrier industries to further these objectives.
Complex-Mode Chemical Reactions: Statistical Theories of Bimolecular Reactions

Statistical theories of chemical reactions have had an exceptionally long tenure as one of the means of theoretical interpretation of experimental results. In fact it is only in the past decade that, with the availability and scientific understanding of computers, theoreticians have had the temerity to attempt to go beyond either statistical or elementary model theories for reactions of simple systems. However, even in the age of Cray I computers statistical theories of chemical reactions are applied often, refined periodically, and occasionally relied upon. The reason for this is simple. In spite of occasionally somewhat tedious algebra, statistical theories provide an easily understood, if extreme, model against which to compare reality, i.e., experiment. Statistical theories can relatively easily be tailored to conform to the experimental information at hand and do provide a quantitative measure of one relatively intuitive possible outcome.
What is the effect of unresolved internal climate variability on climate sensitivity estimates

[1] Many studies have attempted to estimate the equilibrium climate sensitivity (CS) to the doubling of CO2concentrations. One common methodology is to compare versions of Earth models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) to spatially and/or temporally averaged historical observations. Despite the persistent efforts, CS remains uncertain. It is, thus far, unclear what is driving this uncertainty. Moreover, the effects of the internal climate variability on the CS estimates obtained using this method have not received thorough attention in the literature. Using a statistical approximator (“emulator”) of an EMIC, we show in an observation system simulation study that unresolved internal climate variability appears to be a key driver of CS uncertainty (as measured by the 68% credible interval). We first simulate many realizations of pseudo‒observations from an emulator at a “true” prescribed CS, and then reestimate the CS using the pseudo‒observations and an inverse parameter estimation method. We demonstrate that a single realization of the internal variability can result in a sizable discrepancy between the best CS estimate and the truth. Specifically, the average discrepancy is 0.84°C, with the feasible range up to several °C. The results open the possibility that recent climate sensitivity estimates from global observations and EMICs are systematically considerably lower or higher than the truth, since they are typically based on the same realization of climate variability. This possibility should be investigated in future work. We also find that estimation uncertainties increase at higher climate sensitivities, suggesting that a high CS might be difficult to detect.
Efficacy of adding behavioural treatment or antimuscarinic drug therapy to α-blocker therapy in men with nocturia.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Nocturia is a common and bothersome lower urinary tract symptom, particularly in men. Many single drug therapies have limited benefit. For men who have persistent nocturia despite alpha-blocker therapy, the addition of behavioural and exercise therapy is statistically superior to anticholinergic therapy. Objective To compare reductions in nocturia resulting from adding either behavioural treatment or antimuscarinic drug therapy to α-adrenergic antagonist (α-blocker) therapy in men. Patients and Methods Participants were men who had continuing urinary frequency >8 voids/day) and urgency after 4 weeks of α-blocker therapy run-in and who had ≥1 nightly episode of nocturia. Participants received individually titrated drug therapy (extended-release oxybutynin) or multicomponent behavioural treatment (pelvic floor muscle training, delayed voiding and urge suppression techniques). Seven-day bladder diaries were used to calculate reductions in mean nocturia. Results A total of 127 men aged 42–88 years with ≥1 nocturia episode per night were included in the study. There were 76 men who had a mean of ≥2 nocturia episodes. Among those with ≥1 nocturia episode, behavioural treatment reduced nightly nocturia by a mean of 0.97 episodes and was significantly more effective than drug therapy (mean reduction = 0.56 episodes; P = 0.01). Participants with ≥2 episodes nocturia at baseline also showed larger changes with behavioural treatment compared with antimuscarinic therapy (mean reduction = 1.26 vs 0.61; P = 0.008). Conclusions Both behavioural treatment and drug therapy reduced nocturia in men with ≥1 episode of nocturia/night when added to α-blocker therapy. These results were similar even when only those with ≥2 episodes of nocturia were considered. The addition of behavioural treatment was statistically better than bladder-relaxant therapy for nocturia.
Providing flexible food portions in a restaurant setting: Impact on business operations, food consumption and food waste.

University of Minnesota Master of Science thesis. April 2015. Major: Nutrition: Advisors: Len Marquart, Ph.D., R.D., Marla Reicks, Ph.D., R.D. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 122 pages, appendices 1-9.
Adenoviral Transfer of the Viral IL-10 Gene Periarticularly to Mouse Paws Suppresses Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Both Injected and Uninjected Paws

Gene therapy is a promising new approach in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Gene delivery to diseased joints offers the prospect of achieving high, local concentrations of a therapeutic gene product in a sustained manner, while minimizing exposure of nontarget organs. We report that a single administration of a modified adenovirus encoding the Epstein-Barr-derived homologue of IL-10 can suppress the development of disease for extended periods of time when injected locally within the periarticular tissue surrounding the ankle joints of mice with collagen type II-induced arthritis. Furthermore, we show that injection of an adenoviral vector carrying the IL-10 gene into a single paw can suppress development of arthritis in other, noninjected paws of the same individual. The systemic protection resulting from local gene therapy occurred in the absence of detectable levels of viral IL-10 in the serum. Circulating Ab levels to heterologous collagen were unaffected; however, treatment with viral IL-10 significantly suppressed the development of Abs to autologous mouse type II collagen. Thus, the treatment of a single joint by local delivery of the vIL-10 gene may protect multiple joints of the same individual while avoiding deleterious side effects often associated with systemic therapy.
Regulation of factor VIIIa in the intrinsic factor Xase.

Introduction: Hemophilia A, the most common of the severe, inherited bleeding disorders, results from a deficiency or defect in the plasma protein factor VIII. The activated form of the protein serves as an essential cofactor for factor IXa in the conversion of factor X to factor Xa. This surface-bound complex of enzyme and cofactor is referred to as the intrinsic factor Xase. Factor VIIIa dramatically increases the catalytic rate constant for substrate conversion by an unclear mechanism. The activity and stability of the factor Xase appears to be regulated by the integrity of the cofactor. Factor VIIIa possesses a labile structure, and subunit dissociation results in the decay of Xase activity. Furthermore, factor VIIIa is a substrate for proteolytic inactivation by several enzymes, including factor IXa, the enzyme for which it serves as a cofactor. Although interest in the structure, function, and metabolism of factor VIII is commensurate with its biochemical and clinical importance, the molecular basis for its role in coagulation and the regulation of function through complex intramolecular and intermolecular interactions remain poorly understood.
Local nasal immunotherapy for ragweed-allergic rhinitis. III. A second year of treatment.

Summary In 1979, pre-seasonal local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) was found to be an effective treatment for ragweed hay fever. In 1980. this study was continued to evaluate the clinical and immunologic responses of a second year of LNIT. Patients received either pre-seasonal treatment with an unmodified ragweed extract (RW) or a polymerized ragweed extract (PRW), or no treatment. The results of the second year of treatment were the same as the first year. Adverse reactions were significantly higher in the RW-treated group than in the PRW-treated group (P < 0.001), Symptom/medication scores (SMS) in the RW-treated group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.005). Although SMS in the PRW-treated group were lower than in the control group, this difference was not significant. The immunologic response was evaluated by measurements of serum (S) RW-specific IgE and IgG and nasal secretory (NS) RW-specific IgE, IgG, and IgA, After treatment, serum IgE titres and secretory IgA titres rose in the RW-treated patients. Nasal secretory-IgG and NS-IgA titres increased with PRW treatment. The only immunologic response observed in the control group was a rise in S-IgE titres after the ragweed season. There was no substantial difference in immunologic measurements observed in the 1979 and 1980 seasons, except that the pre-treatment NS-IgE level was higher in 1980 (P < 0.02). No significant correlations were found between antibody response and SMS. This study supports the efficacy of LNIT but does not support the protective role for NS-ragweed-specific IgA or IgG.
Are statisticians cold‐blooded bosses? a new perspective on the ‘old’ concept of statistical population

Spurred by recent writings regarding statistical pragmatism, we propose a simple, practical approach to introducing students to a new style of statistical thinking that models nature through the lens of data-generating processes, not populations.
The University of Oregon Museum of Art: a bridge across the Pacific

From the outset, the University of Oregon Museum of Art (UOMA), was a museum with a mission. Founded in 1932 as a study centre for Asian culture, it continues to play that role by providing a broad cultural understanding of Asian cultures through the study of the visual arts. These responsibilities have grown in recent years as the state of Oregon extends its social, cultural, and economic relations with Japan, the Republic of Korea, South-East Asia, Taiwan, and, most recently, the People’s Republic of China. David Robertson became director of the UOMA in 1996, having served as museum director at Loyola University in Chicago and, prior to that, Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. His museum career has been predominantly at academic museums, including the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, and the University of Missouri Museum of Art and Archaeology. He also worked at the Rosenbach Museum and Library, Philadelphia and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Since coming to Oregon, he has reinvigorated the museum’s historical purpose of focusing upon the arts of the Pacific Rim and has established vital relations with sister institutions in Asia and throughout the United States for programme, collections, and exhibition exchange.
Culture and Power: Legend, Ritual, Bazaar and Rebellion in a Bengali Society

Itihasa Legend and History Purana, Jatra, Puja Myth, Theater, Ritual Bazaar Merchants and Trade Andolan Rebellion and Transformation General Implications
The Jumonji C Domain-Containing Protein JMJ30 Regulates Period Length in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock

Histone methylation plays an essential role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins are generally known as histone demethylases. Circadian clocks regulate a large number of biological processes, and recent studies suggest that chromatin remodeling has evolved as an important mechanism for regulating both plant and mammalian circadian systems. Here, we analyzed a subgroup of JmjC domain-containing proteins and identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) JMJ30 as a novel clock component involved in controlling the circadian period. Analysis of loss- and gain-of-function mutants of JMJ30 indicates that this evening-expressed gene is a genetic regulator of period length in the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Furthermore, two key components of the central oscillator of plants, transcription factors CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, bind directly to the JMJ30 promoter to repress its expression, suggesting that JMJ30 regulates the pace of the circadian clock in close association with the central oscillator. JMJ30 represents, to our knowledge, the first JmjC domain-containing protein involved in circadian function, and we envision that this provides a possible molecular connection between chromatin remodeling and the circadian clock.
Social Psychological Theories are Not Based on Compliance: Setting the Record Straight

Abstract Despite careful expositions by its proponents, social psychological theories of hypnosis are frequently misrepresented by their detractors. In particular, two unwarranted claims are often made. The first is that social psychological theorists view hypnotic behavior as instances of simple behavioral compliance. The second is that they deny the importance of individual differences in hypnotic responding. An article repeating these misrepresentations recently appeared in this journal. The purpose of this response is to set the record straight.
HIV-1 gp41 tertiary structure studied by EPR spectroscopy.

HIV gp41 is the transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for fusion of viral and cellular membranes, enabling viral entry. The structure of gp41 was studied using two synthetic peptides derived from the ectodomain of gp41: a 38-residue peptide from the "heptad repeat" region (hr.wt), and a 34-residue peptide from a region closer to the C-terminus (bt wt). These peptides were found to form a trimer of heterodimers with approximately 80% alpha-helicity. To study their alignment, distances between spin-labels attached to Cys residues on Cys-substituted peptides were measured using a recently-developed electron paramagnetic resonance method [Rabenstein, M.D., & Shin, Y.-K. (1995) Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 8239-8243]. The heterotrimeric peptides were found to be antiparallel, consistent with a study on proteolytically cleaved peptide fragments of gp41 [Lu, M., Blacklow, S.C., & Kim, P.S. (1995) Nat. Struct. Biol. 2, 1075-1082]. Furthermore, the C-terminal 19 residues of hr.wt are not apposed to bt.wt, and 15 residues of bt.wt extend beyond the end of br.wt. Consistent with this alignment are tertiary interactions between specific sites of these peptides probed by spin-label mobility. Additionally, a second pair of peptides was studied. From the model, these are expected to align with complete overlap. Alone, neither was helical, but when mixed, they were 83% helical. Based on the alignment of the peptides, a model of the prefusogenic form of gp41 was constructed which is significantly different from the structure of influenza hemagglutinin.
Fallibility of Persistent Blood Return for Confirmation of Intravascular Catheter Placement in Patients With Hemorrhagic Thoracic Effusions

Two patients are described with hemorrhagic thoracic effusions who required central venous catheterization. Presumed subclavian and internal jugular vein cannulation, ipsilateral to the hemorrhagic thoracic effusions, was confirmed by the operators in each case by the persistent aspiration of blood. Subsequent clinical and radiologic evaluation revealed that the vascular catheters were introduced into the pleural space. In both individuals, the persistent aspiration of extravascular hemorrhagic fluid mimicked intravascular catheter positioning. Physicians treating patients with hemorrhagic thoracic effusions need to be aware of this potential complication that can result in the delayed resuscitation of hemodynamically unstable patients.
Egg guarding and its significance in the heterocerid beetle, Dampfius collaris (Kies.)

Protection des femelles de coleoptere D.c., vis-a-vis de leurs œufs. La protection contre d'eventuels predateurs qui pourraient s'introduire dans le terrier s'effectue des la ponte jusqu'au stade nymphal de la progeniture
Trichloroethylene sorption and oxidation using a dual function sorbent/catalyst in a falling furnace reactor

Abstract A dual function zeolite medium (Cr-ZSM-5), capable of physisorbing trichloroethylene (TCE) at ambient temperature and catalytically oxidizing it at elevated temperature (∼350°C), was utilized in a novel continuous falling furnace reactor system to store and periodically destroy this chlorinated volatile organic compound. For inlet feed streams between 50 and 1600 ppm of TCE in humid air, overall destruction levels were typically above 99%. Also, since the falling furnace system required heating only during the desorption/reaction portion of the process (5–10% of the cycle time), energy comparison with conventional catalytic reactors is extremely favorable.
Transparent conducting oxides for electrode applications in light emitting and absorbing devices

Abstract In both light emitting devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), and light absorbing devices such as solar cells (also photodetectors), which are gaining considerable interest for their energy saving and energy production capability, respectively, a compromise must be struck between the need to increase the light emitting/absorbing area/potential and the need for low series resistance of the metal contact grid. This undesirable compromise can be mitigated by using transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), which heretofore have been dominated by ITO (indium tin oxide—an In-rich alloy of indium oxide and tin oxide). Due to the expected scarcity of Indium used in ITO, efforts are underway to develop indium-free TCOs for the above-mentioned devices as well as flat panel displays. ZnO heavily doped with Ga or Al (GZO or AZO) is becoming a very attractive candidate for future generation TCOs. GZO and AZO as well as multilayer TCOs consisting of two TCO layers with a thin metal layer in between have been widely investigated for LEDs and solar cells to enhance device performance. This article succinctly reviews the latest developments in and properties of TCOs, particularly in relation to thin film transparent electrode applications for LEDs and solar cells. Pertinent critical issues and possible solutions are provided as well.