cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating cytologic adequacy assessment into precision oncology workflow using telepathology: An institutional experience.

BACKGROUND Tumor sample quality and quantity determine the success of somatic mutation analysis. Thus, a rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) tumor cytology adequacy assessment was incorporated into the workflow of precision oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. Optimal samples were obtained from 68 patients with metastatic cancer. METHODS Cytopathologists performed ROSE on fine-needle aspirate samples via telepathology, and subsequently core-needle biopsies were obtained. In a retrospective manner, the concordance between adequacy assessment and the success rate of the procedure was evaluated to obtain sufficient tumor tissue for next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Out of the 68 procedures, 43 were documented as adequate and 25 were documented as inadequate. The diagnostic yield of adequate procedures was 100%. Adequacy evaluation predicted the success rate of molecular profiling in 40 of 43 procedures (93%; 95% CI, 80.9-98.5 procedures). The success rate of molecular testing was significantly higher in the adequate group: 93% compared with 32% in the inadequate group (P < .0005). Seven procedures that failed to provide quality material for mutational analysis and pathological diagnosis were evaluated as inadequate. Cell block provided sufficient DNA for NGS in 6 cases. In 2 cases, a core biopsy could not be performed; hence, the fine-needle aspirate material confirmed the diagnosis and was used for NGS testing. CONCLUSION These results support the incorporation of ROSE into the workflow of precision oncology to obtain high-quality tissue samples from metastatic lesions. In addition, NGS testing of concurrent cytology specimens with adequate cellularity can be a surrogate for NGS testing of biopsy specimens.
Cross-facility science with the Superfacility Project at LBNL

As data sets from DOE user science facilities grow in both size and complexity there is an urgent need for new capabilities to transfer, analyze and manage the data underlying scientific discoveries. LBNL's Superfacility project brings together experimental and observational research instruments with computational and network facilities at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) and the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) with the goal of enabling user science. Here, we report on recent innovations in the Superfacility project, including advanced data management, API-based automation, real-time interactive user interfaces, and supported infrastructure for “edge” services.
The effect of surface coating on iron-oxide nanoparticle arsenic adsorption

The presence of arsenic in groundwater and other drinking water sources presents a notable public health concern. The utilization of iron-oxide nanomaterials as arsenic adsorbents has shown promising results both in laboratory and field conditions. This study focuses on characterizing the performance of nanoparticles prepared by different synthetic methods and with different surface coatings in arsenic removal. Poly (acrylic acid), polyethylene glycol, polyethylenimine were used to stabilize iron-oxide nanoparticles prepared by thermal decomposition to an aqueous solution. The effect that each polymer has on the materials was evaluated in batch and PEG was found to provide the best performance. To implement the nanoparticles in the field, a continuous flow column study was carried out by depositing the nanoparticles in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads. Even when the surface coatings are required to prevent nanoparticles from agglomerating, further efforts to deposit nanoparticles on a supporting material are required.
Understanding and Using the Group Decision Analysis Model

Decision analysis is usually thought of as a model for decisions with a single decision-maker. Many attempts to extend decision analysis to group decisions have led to results indicating how it cannot be done. Other analyses, such as the well-known impossibility theorem of Arrow (1963) [1], have tried to combine rankings of alternatives by individual group members to produce a group ranking. As a result, there had been no logically consistent way to extend the principle of decision analysis to group decisions. A different approach was used in Keeney (2013), where each member of a decision-making group could have a different decision frame for their common decision. Using the assumptions of decision analysis for each member’s analysis of their group decision and using an analogous set of decision analysis assumptions for the group decision to combine the member’s decision analyses produced a group decision analysis model. This article discusses the concepts and intuitive logic for the model and practical aspects of applying it.
Enzymic synthesis and breakdown of a pyrimidine, orotic acid. I. Dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase.

Abstract 1. 1. An enzyme was partially purified from extracts of an anaerobic soil bacterium isolated by enrichment culture on orotic acid. The enzyme, named dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase, was shown to catalyze the reaction: Orotae+DPNH+H+⇋Dihydro-orotate+DPN 2. 2. The product of the enzymic reduction of orotic acid was isolated in crystalline form and shown to have the correct elementary analysis and equivalent weight for dihydro-orotic acid; it is provisionally considered to be a dihydro-orotic acid saturated at the C4-C5 bond. 3. 3. The equilibrium of the reaction strongly favours orotic acid reduction; oxidation of dihydro-orotic acid was demonstrable only with the aid of a system to remove DPNH. 4. 4. Dihydro-orotic acid was as effective as orotic acid in supporting the growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus 09, an organism which utilizes orotic acid and ureidosuccinic acid for the synthesis of nucleic acid pyrimidines. 5. 5. The fusion product of maleic acid and urea, which has the elementary composition of dihydro-orotic acid, was inert with dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase and as a growth factor for L. bulgaricus 09. It was further distinguishable from dihydro-orotic acid of enzymic origin on the basis of ultraviolet spectrum and chemical properties. 6. 6. The significance of dihydropyrimidines in pyrimidine metabolism is discussed.
The highest attainable standard: ethical issues in AIDS vaccines.

Developing countries have an urgent need for effective and affordable vaccines to prevent AIDS. Trials of HIV vaccines raise complex ethical as well as scientific issues. Some of the existing international guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects, as applied to clinical trials of HIV vaccines and other interventions, may be in conflict. In addition, the current ethical guidelines fail to address the concern that poor countries may not find it economically or technically possible to implement some recommendations.
Some Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands

A one dimensional continuum formulation for the initiation and growth of adiabatic shear bands is reviewed, including some remarks on the underlying assumptions. A short description of some perturbation calculations introduces the idea of stress collapse and band formation as a bifurcation from homogeneous deformation. An approach for estimating the critical time of collapse for infinitesimal perturbations is introduced. Steady solutions are exhibited and their interpretation as central boundary layers is suggested. Finally it is shown that in a certain limit shear bands occur following a hyperbolic to elliptic transition in the governing equation. In a concluding remark dipolar plasticity is introduced as a possible alternative continuum description.
The Impotence of Delaware's Taxes: A Short Response to Professor Barzuza's Delaware's Compentation

This brief essay responds to a recent article by Michal Barzuza, entitled "Delaware's Compensation," published in the University of Virginia Law Review. (The essay will appear in an colloquium forthcoming in the Virginia Law Review's online edition.) In her thought-provoking article, Professor Barzuza argues for a corporate income tax (to replace the flat-fee franchise tax) as a way of incentivizing legislators to enact mandatory corporate governance changes that would allegedly increase firm value, but that are currently resisted by self-serving managers. This essay points out two significant shortcomings of Professor Barzuza's account: her argument does not account for the likely legislative dynamics that would arise in a world with a Delaware corporate income tax, and she does not make a persuasive case as to why legislators are more likely to get the answers to these questions right compared with investors in the firm.
Semantic Methods for Textual Entailment: How Much World Knowledge is Enough?

The problem of recognizing textual entailment (RTE) has been recently addressed with some success using semantic models. That attempt to capture the complexity of world knowledge. (Neel et al., 2008) has shown that semantic graphs made of synsets and selected relationships between them enable fairly simple methods to provide very competitive performance for RTE. Here, we extend the original results and show that RTE with automated word sense disambiguation (WSD) performs better using an updated WordNet database which presumably has evolved to capture more world knowledge than was available for the original evaluation. We obtain better results on datasets provided by subsequent RTE Challenge of 2008 and 2009. We report on the performance of these methods overall and in the four basic areas of information retrieval (IR), information extraction (IE), question answering (QA), and multi-document summarization (SUM). We conclude that WordNet is not rich enough to provide appropriate information to resolve entailment with this inclusion protocol.
The Economics of the Apartment Market in the 1990s

This paper examines fundamental and investment demand for rental apartments in the 1990s. Demographic and economic trends fuel the demand for rental housing. While rental demand in the U.S. as a wh...
New Class of Solvable and Integrable Many-Body Models

Integrability conditions for systems of bosons or fermions with seniority conserving hamiltonians are derived. The conditions are shown to be invariant under a large class of transformations of the interaction matrix elements. Previously published integrable models are shown to satisfy these conditions and the existence of a new class of integrable models is demonstrated. The number of free parameters in the interaction in these models equals the number of single particle levels plus 3 . Equations for the energy eigenstates and eigenvalues are derived and the eigenvalues of the complete set of two-body integrals of the motion are given for the new class. Some two-body correlations in these eigenstates are derived from the integrals of the motion.
A “misrepresentation” of method as theory: Reply

Abstract The fundamental “misrepresentation” ( F. Wilkening, 1988 Developmental Review, 8, 361–367 ) resides in Wilkening's failure to distinguish method from theory. This error results in contradictory statements, nonparsimonious models, inaccurate attributions, and misinterpretations of both theories as well as our review of them ( D. D. Kerkman, & J. C. Wright, 1988, Developmental Review, 8, 323–360 ). A hybrid model that combines sequential decision theory (SDT) and information integration theory (IIT) may be of little value beyond the level of description. SDT compares favorably with IIT in describing and predicting developmental transitions as well as guiding instruction. A strategy selection model may explain some apparent taskwise discrepancies in rule use that Wilkening (1988) notes.
A Context-Specific Community Practice Model of Women's Empowerment

Abstract This article will demonstrate the need for a context-specific model of community practice that aims to empower impoverished rural women and simultaneously improve their living conditions. The two main empowerment-based models of community practice currently prevalent in rural India and their ideological differences are highlighted. A unique case of community planning and mobilization that resulted in incremental yet significant changes in the socioeconomic milieu of a rural Indian community and initiated a re-evaluation of traditional gender roles is illustrated. Recommendations for community practitioners and leaders working with women in under-developed and economically deprived communities are offered to facilitate successful program implementation.
A retrospective evaluation of coral snake envenomation in dogs and cats: 20 cases (1996-2011).

Objective To describe the clinical signs, treatment, and outcomes of dogs and cats following envenomation by the eastern coral snake and to report our clinical experience with the use of Coralmyn. Design Retrospective study (1996–2011). Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Sixteen dogs and 4 cats with eastern coral snake envenomation. Measurements and Main Results Medical records meeting the study inclusion criteria were reviewed and evaluated for signalment, date and time of the snake encounter, elapsed time between encounter and hospital examination, initial physical examination findings, antivenom type, length of hospitalization, and outcome. Initial physical examination findings included: quiet mentation, tetraparesis, ptyalism, tachypnea, abdominal breathing, shallow breathing, decreased to absent gag reflex, ataxia, muscle fasciculations, and decreased spinal reflexes. Laboratory findings in dogs included proteinuria, bilirubinuria, hemeproteinuria, increased aspartate aminotransferase activity, increased alanine aminotransferase activity, and hemolysis. Four dogs and 2 cats received Coralmyn and 4 dogs received North American Coral Snake Antivenom. Adverse reaction to antivenom was suspected in 1 dog that received North American Coral Snake Antivenom. Eight of 11 envenomated dogs survived with a median length of hospitalization of 4.5 days. Two of 3 envenomated cats survived with a median length of hospitalization of 4 days. Two dogs were euthanized, 1 dog suffered acute respiratory arrest, and 1 cat developed tachycardia that progressed to pulseless electrical activity. Five dogs and 1 cat in the encounter group survived to discharge. Conclusions Diagnosis of eastern coral snake envenomation is likely in the dog that has concomitant lower motor neuron neuropathy, bulbar palsy, and hemolysis. Early diagnosis is crucial as antivenom administration can reduce morbidity. Prognosis is considered good with 71% of the envenomated patients in this study surviving to discharge. Supportive care that may include ventilator assistance and antivenom administration are the mainstays of therapy.
Cesarean versus Vaginal Delivery: Long term infant outcomes and the Hygiene Hypothesis

Concurrent with the trend of increasing cesarean delivery numbers, there has been an epidemic of both autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases. Several theories have emerged suggesting that environmental influences are contributing to this phenomenon, most notably, the hygiene hypothesis. This article provides background about the human microbiota and its relationship to the developing immune system as well as the relationship of mode of delivery on the colonization of the infant intestine, development of the immune system, and subsequent childhood allergies, asthma, and autoimmune diseases.
Effect of milking on leucocytes in the subcutaneous abdominal vein of the cow.

Abstract Leucocyte counts were made before, after, and five minutes after milking to determine if milking caused a leucopenia in the subcutaneous abdominal vein of the cow. Fifty cows were machine milked, 20 were milked by teat cannulation, and 30 were not milked but sampled according to their usual milking times. Leucocyte counts for machine-milked cows averaged 7,874, 7,406, and 7,389 cells/mm 3 , for the three sampling times; cannulated cows averaged 8,715, 8,845, and 8,850 cells/mm 3 ; and nonmilked controls averaged 7,910, 7,785, and 7,980 cells/mm 3 . Erythrocyte counts tended to increase for all three groups, but plasma protein concentration remained the same. Therefore, the leucocyte decrease for machine-milked cows was interpreted as a response to machine milking and not a result of hemodilution. When blood samples were collected simultaneously from the subcutaneous abdominal and jugular veins of machine-milked cows, leucocytes decreased in the subcutaneous abdominal vein but not in the jugular vein. This suggests that the leucopenia was effected locally and not systemically.
BOOSTING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOFTWARE-BASED TRANSIENT ERRORS TOLERANT TECHNIQUES THROUGH COMPILER OPTIMIZATIONS

This paper concentrates on studying to improve the performance of the state-of-the-art software-based fault tolerant technique — EDDI (Error Detection by Duplicated Instructions). We evaluate and analyze the performance of EDDI, and discover that some effective compiler optimizations targeting single-threaded programs with limited ILP become less effective for duplicated software. This paper then proposes the compiler-directed register de-replication to reduce the register pressure of EDDI. In addition, we evaluate the aggressive use of the delayed branch to exploit the control-independent instructions across both the original and the duplicated threads to further enhance the performance of EDDI. Our experimental results indicate that the performance overhead of EDDI can be reduced by up to 21.5%, with an average of 8.9%, by pure software optimizations.
Inelastic scattering of deuterons from Zn and Se isotopes

Abstract The level structures of 64 Zn, 66 Zn, 67 Zn, 68 Zn, 76 Se, 77 Se, 78 Se, 80 Se and 82 Se below 4 MeV were studied with 40–120 keV resolution by inelastic scattering of 15 MeV deuterons. The collective behaviours of even nuclei of these isotopes were investigated, and most of the one-phonon and two-phonon groups were observed. Parity assignments were tentatively made for several new levels by the Blair phase rule. The previously unknown 4 + state of the two-phonon triplet and the collective 3 − state in 82 Se were found at 1.75 and 3.08 MeV, respectively.
The use of plastics and elastomers in nuclear radiation

Abstract Common plastics and elastomers are described in general with emphasis on the relation between chemical structure and engineering properties and applications. The interaction of radiation with organic materials is presented very briefly and radiation-induced crosslinking and scission, which lead to changes in physical properties, are discussed. The radiation-induced changes in specific plastics are described. Polyethylene, which can be regarded as a prototype for the more complex polymers, develops crosslinks at the rate of 1 to 1.5 for every 100 eV of radiation energy absorbed. The hardness and elastic modulus increase and the flexibility and ductility decrease until the usefulness at doses above 109 rads is uncertain for some applications. Polystyrene demonstrates stabilization by the aromatic ring, undergoing change at a lower rate than polyethylene. Polymethyl methacrylate exemplifies polymers containing the quaternary carbon atom, which leads to chain scission and rapid loss of strength properties. Polymers with a high content of strongly electronegative elements also degrade rapidly. Elastomers are discussed separately because elasticity and flexibility are affected very rapidly by the crosslinking and scission produced by radiation. Finally, various applications of plastics and elastomers in reactor systems or their vicinity are discussed. The properties which are important to the application are presented along with the radiation-induced changes in these properties.
Significance of the free 70 s ribosomes in Escherichia coli extracts.

Abstract We have confirmed the report (Mangiarotti & Schlessinger, 1966) that a new method of lysing Escherichia coli cells yields polysomes and ribosomal subunits but no 70 s ribosomes. However, two features of that method are shown to promote ribosome dissociation: growth in hypertonic medium, and the use of an excess of deoxycholate (which precipitates Mg 2+ ). When the cells are lysed by a freeze-thaw-lysozyme method, with a lower deoxycholate concentration, a substantial 70 s peak is seen along with polysomes and subunits. Moreover, when the products of polysome run-off are caused to accumulate in the cells by treatment with actinomycin D or with puromycin, or by starvation for the carbon source or for a required amino acid, they appear only as 70 s particles. Finally, treatment of complexed 70 s particles (fragmented polysomes) with puromycin in vitro does not cause dissociation into subunits, though the nascent polypeptide is removed. We conclude that (a) polysomes release their run-off ribosomes as stable, free 70 s units, and (b) the dissociation of these units in the cell is subject to a physiological control which maintains an essentially constant pool of subunits. These findings, together with recent work on initiation factors, suggest that dissociation of ribosomes depends on complexing with a factor that is present in the cell in limited supply.
Glucagon-mediated stimulation of (32P) orthophosphate and (14C) serine incorporation into phosphatidylserine in cardiac muscle slices.

Glucagon stimulated the incorporation of Na2H32P04 and L-(l4C)serine into phospnatidylserine in heart muscle slices. The increase above control was about 2-fold at ten minutes and 6-fold at thirty minutes for (32P) and 12-fold as early as three minutes for (l4C)serine. Although a smaller, but significant, incorporation of (32P) into phosphatidylethanolamine was also observed, glucagon did not stimulate the incorporation of (14C)serine into phosphatidylethanolamine. Glucagon did not significantly augment the incorporation of either tracer into phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, or sphingomyelin. Dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-AMP did not increase the incorporation of (32P) or (14C)serine into phosphatidylserine. Since phosphatidylserine appears to serve a critical role in coupling the glucagon receptor to the catalytic moiety of adenylate cyclase, the data suggest that the hormone may initially increase the amount of its own coupler.
Abstract B18: Race and trust as predictors of willingness to recommend HPV vaccination

Racial disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality persist, with incidence rates highest among Latinas and mortality rates highest among Black women compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Routine vaccination against high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types that are causally associated with cervical cancer is recommended for females aged 11–12, with use by females as young as 9 years. Studies indicate a broad range in rates of vaccine acceptability among parents and caregivers but little attention has been paid to sociocultural factors that influence acceptability across racial groups. One such factor that may play a central role in vaccine acceptability is healthcare-related trust, a variable that often differs across racial groups and is typically lower in communities of color compared to whites. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the association between race, healthcare-related trust, and willingness to recommend the HPV vaccine to younger female relatives in a diverse urban sample of adult women. Participants were 2147 women age 27 and older (mean age=49 years) recruited through a quota sampling strategy in Queens, NY as part of a larger intervention study. All participants completed street intercept interviews that asked about basic sociodemographic and healthcare information, one9s prior awareness of the HPV vaccine, and whether one would recommend the vaccine to a daughter or other family members. Participants were also asked the extent to which they trusted doctors and hospitals. Approximately 60% of the sample self-identified as African American or Latino and the remainder as White or Asian. Seventy-six percent reported that they had heard of the HPV vaccine previously. Multivariable logistic regression that included only sociodemographic and healthcare variables revealed that, compared to Latinas, Black (OR=.522, 95% CI: .400 − .683, p Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B18.
Theoretical study of OH addition to α-pinene and β-pinene

Quantum chemical calculations have been employed to determine the structures and energetics of the radicals arising from the OH addition to a-pinene and b-pinene. The rate constants of OH addition to a-pinene and b-pinene are calculated using the canonical variational transition state theory (CVTST). At the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory, the high-pressure limit rate constants at 300 K are 5.1 · 10 � 11 cm 3 molecule � 1 s � 1 for a-pinene and 6.1 · 10 � 11 cm 3 molecule � 1 s � 1 for b-pinene, consistent with experimental studies. These results provide the isomer-specific rate constants and branching ratios for OH addition to a-pinene and b-pinene. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Plasma renin and blood pressure during treatment with methyldopa.

Abstract Blood pressure and plasma renin activity and concentration were studied before and during administration of alpha methyldopa to normal and hypertensive subjects. Methyldopa produced no significant decrease in renin levels and caused only inconsistent changes in blood pressure in subjects with normal pressure, patients with low renin essential hypertension regardless of severity, or patients with normal renin essential hypertension of mild degree. In contrast, a significant reduction in blood pressure and marked lowering of plasma renin levels were observed after administration of methyldopa in patients with normal renin essential hypertension of moderate to severe degree and in those with hypertensive terminal renal failure. In moderate to severe essential hypertension, methyldopa-lnduced decreases in blood pressure and plasma renin activity were significantly correlated. These data are consistent with the possibility that the hypotensive action of methyldopa may be partially related to Its effect on the renin-angiotensin system. They also lend support to the value of plasma renln determinations In selecting appropriate antlhypertensive drugs for individual patients.
Visibility and Vulnerability: Responses to Rejection by Nonaggressive Junior High School Boys

The correlates of rejection and the subtypes of rejected individuals have received considerable attention This article shifts the focus to the responses to rejection made by those who are rejected ...
Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescent Cholangiography (NIRFC) in Mouse Models of Bile Duct Injury

Accidental injury to the common bile duct is a rare but serious complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Accurate visualization of the biliary ducts may prevent injury or allow its early detection. Conventional X-ray cholangiography is often used and can mitigate the severity of injury when correctly interpreted. However, it may be useful to have an imaging method that could provide real-time extrahepatic bile duct visualization without changing the field of view from the laparoscope. The purpose of the present study was to test a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent agent that is rapidly excreted via the biliary route in preclinical models to evaluate intraoperative real-time near infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIRFC). To investigate probe function and excretion, a lipophilic near-infrared fluorescent agent with hepatobiliary excretion was injected intravenously into one group of C57/BL6 control mice and four groups of C57/BL6 mice under the following experimentally induced conditions: (1) chronic biliary obstruction, (2) acute biliary obstruction (3) bile duct perforation, and (4) choledocholithiasis, respectively. The biliary system was imaged intravitally for 1 h with near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) with an intraoperative small animal imaging system (excitation 649 nm, emission 675 nm). The extrahepatic ducts and extraluminal bile were clearly visible due to the robust fluorescence of the excreted fluorochrome. Twenty-five minutes after intravenous injection, the target-to-background ratio peaked at 6.40 ± 0.83 but signal was clearly visible for ~60 min. The agent facilitated rapid identification of biliary obstruction and bile duct perforation. Implanted beads simulating choledocholithiasis were promptly identifiable within the common bile duct lumen. Near-infrared fluorescent agents with hepatobiliary excretion may be used intraoperatively to visualize extrahepatic biliary anatomy and physiology. Used in conjunction with laparoscopic imaging technologies, the use of this technique should enhance hepatobiliary surgery.
Hydrocarbons and metabolites in english sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed simultaneously to [3H]benzo[a]pyrene and [14C]naphthalene in oil-contaminated sediment

English sole (Parophrys vetulus) were exposed to [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and [14C]naphthalene (NPH) in sediment containing 1% Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO). Bioeoncentration values (pmoles of hydrocarbon equivalents in g of dry tissue/pmoles of hydrocarbon equivalents in g of sedimentassociated water (SAW)) for NPH were greater than corresponding values for B[a]P in tissues of fish exposed for 24 h. However, from 24 to 168 h of the exposure, a substamial decline (P < 0.05) in NPH-derived radioactivity and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in B[a]P-derived radioactivity occurred in most of the tissues examined. When fish were transferred for 24 h to sediment free of radioactivity and PBCO, the retention of B[a]P-derived radioactivity in the tissues of fish was considerably greater than that for NPH. Metabolites of B[a]P and NPH in sediment, SAW, liver and bile of fish were characterized by thinlayer chromatography (TLC). For liver, a two-dimensional TLC was devised to separate B[a]P and its metabolites from liver lipids. An important finding was that liver of English sole metabolized B[a]P to a far greater extent than NPH; at 24 h after the exposure, the ratio of concentrations of B[a]P to its metabolites was 1 to 49 whereas that for NPH was 6 to 1. Larger proportions of glucuronide conjugates than sulfate conjugates of both NPH and B[a]P were present in bile of English sole. Naphthalene was largely converted into a glucuronide conjugate of l,2-dihydro-l,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. A number of metabolites of B[a]P known to be toxic to mammals were detected in both liver and bile including 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy B[a]P and its conjugates. These findings of extensive metabolism of B[a]P by fish liver very probably explain why B[a]P is usually not detected in liver of fish even when considerable concentrations of B[a]P are detected in the environment of the fish.
Rabbit rectus femoris muscle for ischemia-reperfusion studies: an improved model.

The rabbit rectus femoris muscle was evaluated as a potential model for skeletal muscle reperfusion injury studies. Six white New Zealand rabbits were used. On one randomly selected hind limb, ischemia was induced by direct clamping of the rectus femoris muscle's vascular pedicle. On the other side, blood flow was interrupted by clamping the femoral artery above and below the origin of the vascular pedicle that supplies the rectus femoris muscle. The duration of normothermic ischemia was 4 hr and was followed by 24 hr of normothermic reperfusion. The interruption and restoration of blood flow was monitored using a laser flow meter. The rectus femoris muscles were weighed on a suspension spring balance prior to ischemia and at the end of reperfusion to estimate edema. The extent of muscle necrosis was determined using planimetry following staining with nitroblue tetrazolium. The muscle necrosis obtained by direct clamping of the vascular pedicle (66.9 ± 14.3%) was significantly greater than that obtained by indirect clamping (18.6 ± 11.4%) (P< 0.03 byttest). Unlike the indirect clamping technique, direct clamping achieved a good magnitude of muscle necrosis, thus allowing that specific model to be used in skeletal muscle reperfusion injury studies. The muscle weight gain observed in the direct clamping muscle group was 19.8 ± 9.0% and was significantly greater than that observed in the opposite group being 6.3 ± 6.5% (P< 0.05 byttest). The rabbit rectus femoris muscle is a suitable model for evaluating skeletal muscle reperfusion injury provided that direct clamping of the vascular pedicle is utilized.
The Effect of Perfusion Rate on the Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Tumors

Radiofrequency ablation is a medical procedure used to treat a variety of illnesses including liver carcinomas that cannot be treated by resection or radiological procedures. A multi-physics code was used to solve the Bio-heat Equation by a finite element methodology. The volume of coagulation necrosis caused by the heating of the tumor tissue as a function of perfusion rate was determined. A multi-needle probe deposited the RF energy into the tissue. Once the tissue was heated to greater than 50°C it was considered irreversibly damaged. Increasing perfusion rates reduced the size of the lesion. In order to heat a volume to a required temperature the time elapsed did increase.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Convexity for nabla and delta fractional differences

In this paper we demonstrate thatTheorem AIf f:Na+1→R satisfies ∇aνf(t)≥0, for each t∈Na+1, with 2<ν<3, then ∇2f(t)≥0, for t∈Na+3.Theorem BIf f:Na→R satisfies Δaνf(t)≥0, for each t∈Na, with 2<ν<3, and f(a)≤0,Δf(a)≥0,Δ2f(a)≥0. Then Δf(t)≥0, for t∈Na.This demonstrates that, in some sense, the positivity of the νth order fractional difference has a strong connection to the convexity of f(t).In Section 3, by means of an example, we show that a recent result in {C. Goodrich, A convexity result for fractional differences, Appl. Math. Lett. 35 (2014), pp. 58–62.} is incorrect as stated.
Triaxial positioning from an unoccupied baseline

Abstract This paper examines the use of trilateration and trigonometric levelling for determining triaxial co-ordinates of occupied and observed points, by measurement to baseline stations. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of using an off-site baseline as a means of providing on-site control on areas such as surface mines which require repeated quantity surveys and on which survey control is liable to destruction. Two study areas of 1.7 and 16.1 hectares were used. Base positional data was obtained by traverse and differential levelling over a 6 or 7 station test network. On each test site two survey stations were selected as the termini of a baseline. The remaining stations in each network were occupied and slope distance and zenith angle observation to the baseline stations were used to compute the horizontal position of the point occupied. On study area one, mean horizontal positional errors averaged 0.018 m and 0.020 m in y and x respectively. The mean horizontal positional er...
Application of the VALUE communication principles in ACTIVE hospice team meetings.

Abstract Background: The ACTIVE (Assessing Caregivers for Team Intervention through Video Encounters) intervention uses technology to enable family caregivers to participate in hospice interdisciplinary team (IDT) meetings from geographically remote locations. Previous research has suggested that effective communication is critical to the success of these meetings. The purpose of this study was to explore communication in ACTIVE IDT meetings involving family caregivers and to assess the degree to which hospice teams use specific communication principles (summarized in the mnemonic VALUE: value, acknowledge, listen, understand, and elicit), which have been supported in previous research in intensive care settings. Methods: Researchers analyzed team-family communication during 84 video- and/or audio-recorded care plan discussions that took place during ACTIVE team meetings, using a template approach to text analysis to determine the extent and quality of VALUE principles. The total content analyzed was 9 ho...
Derivation and evaluation of a mechanical model for sheet intrusions

Abstract A two-dimensional mechanical model for sheet intrusions based on the elastic deformation around a pressurized elliptical hole is derived. After evaluating the effects of irregularities in contact shape, possible magma pressure distributions, regional boundary conditions, host rock properties, and interference from adjacent intrusions the model can be applied with confidence to understand many features associated with dike or sill emplacement. Three mechanisms for sheet intrusion propagation are extension fracturing, brittle faulting, and ductile faulting. This deformation is concentrated at the intrusion termination, the site of large principal stress differences and large stress gradients. In both brittle and ductile host rock the magma pressure needs only barely to exceed the regional stress acting normal to the intrusion's length for propagation to occur. Propagation direction is controlled by the regional stress orientation, interference from adjacent intrusions, planar discontinuities, and changes in host rock properties. The classic method of distinguishing dilational from non-dilational intrusions may not work because contacts are not planar or parallel and displacements are not everywhere perpendicular to the intrusion's length. Equations are derived for calculating the magma pressure for intrusions in relatively simple tectonic settings.
How infants use perceptual information to guide action

When infants catch a rolling ball by intercepting its trajectory, the action is prospectively controlled to take account of the object's speed, direction and path. We complicated this task in two ways: by occluding a portion of the ball's path with a screen, and by sometimes placing a barrier that blocked the ball's path behind the screen. In two experiments we manipulated visual information about the barrier and the ball's trajectory to see how this would aid 9-month-olds’ performance. Anticipatory reaching was possible but difficult with a partially occluded trajectory; actually catching the ball was aided by full view of the trajectory although timing of reach onset was not affected. Full sight of the barrier and trajectory through a transparent screen prevented inappropriate reaching, whereas sight of the barrier alone through a ‘window’ in an opaque screen did not. We interpreted these results as evidence for decreased performance as cognitive load increased with the loss of visual information. In contrast to anticipatory reaching behavior, search for the ball after it disappeared behind the screen was facilitated by the opaque window condition, confirming previous studies that found superior search with opaque versus transparent screens.
Sociological research and social policy: The case of family violence

Articles in sociological journals on physical and sexual assault within the family show that research on “family violence” has grown exponentially since 1970, despite the fact that evidence indicates no increase in family violence. The paper suggests that this extraordinary growth in research is explained by changes in American society and in sociology as a discipline. The experience of the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire is used to examine the interrelation of family violence research with social movements, and some pervasive and difficult aspects of these interrelationships, including the role of values in research, the selective use of research findings, and the involvement of the mass media in efforts to promote application of sociological research.
Evaluation of the PAR corneal topography system

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the raster photogrammetry based Corneal Topography System by determining: inter-operator variability, reproducibility of images, effects of defocused and decentered images, and the precision of data at different optical zones. 4 human cadaver eyes were used to study the inter-operator variability. To study the reproducibility of images, 3 human cadaver eyes and a test surface doped with flourescine (provided by PAR Vision Systems Corporation) were focused and their images taken four successive times. Defocused and decentered images were taken of 4 human cadaver eyes and four times of the test surface mentioned above. The precision of defocused/decentered cadaver eyes was evaluated at the following optical zones: 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm. All human cadaver eyes used in the above experiments had their epithelial layer removed before imaging. Average inter-operator variability was 0.06 D. In reproducibility attempts, there was an average deviation of 0.28 D for the human cadaver eyes and 0.04 D for the test surface. The defocused and decentered test surface gave an average deviation of 0.09 D. Defocused and decentered cadaver eyes resulted in an average deviation of 0.52 D, 0.37 D, 0.24 D, and 0.22 D at optical zones of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. The imaging method employed by PAR Vision Systems Corporation virtually eliminates inter-operator variability. The PAR Corneal Topography System's clinical usefulness, however, could be improved by improving the reproducibility of images, decreasing the sensitivity to spatial alignment, and increasing accuracy over smaller optical zones.
THE LITHIUM-AGE-MASS CONNECTION IN COOL STARS: THE EFFECTS OF ROTATION AND CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY

This dissertation presents a study of the role of rotation, chromospheric activity and age in the Li depletion phenomenon in late type stars. Specifically we have focused in the connection between the inhibition of Li depletion processes and binarity. We have observed and analyzed several samples of stars, such as single and binary stars belonging to the Hyades open cluster, chromospherically active binary stars (CABS), and visual and spectroscopic binaries which have large orbital periods. We have performed a grid of simulations using the solar data to verify that the effect of surface inhomogeneities is reduced in the determination of Li abundances in spotted stars, similar to the uncertainties in the Li abundances determinations.
Cell cycle-dependent localization of casein kinase I to mitotic spindles.

Abstract Casein kinase I (CKI) is a class of protein kinases ubiquitous to all eukaryotic cells. Recently, cDNA clones encoding several bovine CKI isoforms have been sequenced that show high sequence identity to the HRR25 gene product of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; HRR25 is required for normal cellular growth, nuclear segregation, DNA repair, and meiosis. We have raised polyclonal antibodies to a human erythroid 34-kDa CKI and have sequenced a portion of this kinase. The amino acid sequence identifies the CKI as the alpha-CKI isoform, which is 62% identical to the HRR25 protein kinase. By use of immunofluorescence, the alpha-CKI has been localized to vesicular cytosolic structures and to the centrosome in interphase cells. As cells progress into mitosis, centrospheric staining increases and, in mitosis, alpha-CKI associates with kinetochore fibers. This localization suggests that alpha-CKI, like HRR25, plays a role in the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and may be cell cycle-regulated both in humans and in yeast.
Context effects on retrieval at ages 3 and 4

Children aged 3 and 4 were asked to name from memory items belonging in a house. Experimental groups completed the task twice, under two conditions. In the function-context condition, the experimenter provided a verbal description of use in response to each item named. In the objectcontext condition, the child was given a miniature replica of each item named. A control group at each age received only general encouragement for each response. Results indicated that the function context was more facilitative to retrieval than was the object context, which did not differ in effect from the control condition. Function context also had major effects on the types of items retrieved: More room items and fewer people and animals were produced in the functioncontext condition than in the other conditions. The representation of function and action in early conceptual schemes is discussed.
Probe-sample optical interaction: size and wavelength dependence in localized plasmon near-field imaging

The probe-sample optical interaction in apertureless near-field optical microscopy is studied at 633 nm and 808 nm excitation wavelengths using gold nanodisks as model systems. The near-field distributions of the dipolar and quadrupolar surface plasmon modes have been mapped successfully using metal coated probes with different polarization combinations of excitation and detection except when the incident and the scattered light polarizations are chosen to be parallel to the probe axis. For the parallel polarization of the incident and the scattered light, the pattern of the near-field distribution differs from the inherent plasmon mode structures of the sample, depending sensitively on the sample size and excitation energy. For a given excitation energy, the near-field amplitude shifts from one pole to the other as the sample size increases, having nearly equal amplitude at the two poles when the plasmon resonance peak spectrally overlaps with the excitation energy.
Organic materials for fusion reactor applications

Abstract Organic materials requirements for fusion reactor magnets are described with reference to the temperature, radiation, and electrical and mechanical stress environment expected in these magnets. A review is presented of the response to gamma-ray and neutron irradiation at low temperatures of candidate organic materials; i.e. laminates, thin films, and potting compounds. Lifetime-limiting features-of this response as well as needed testing under magnet operating conditions not yet adequately investigated are identified and recommendations for future work are made.
Absence of proton weak coupling states in93Nb

The reactions93Nb(p, p)93Nb,93Nb(p, n)93Mo, and93Nb(p, p′) through isobaric analog resonances in94Mo have been used to study the structure of low-lying93Nb states, specifically the degree to which these states can be described as single protons coupled to the core states of92Zr. Excitation curves were obtained from 5.8 to 7.6 MeV incident proton energy, for eight states in93Nb. Results of this work are compared to results from Coulomb excitation studies,93Nb(n, n′γ),93Nb(d,p),92Zr(3He,d),94Mo(d,3He) and other related work.
Achieving oblivious transfer using weakened security assumptions

The authors present some general techniques for establishing the cryptographic strength of a wide variety of games. As case studies, they analyze some weakened versions of the standard forms of oblivious transfer. They also consider variants of oblivious transfer that are motivated by coding theory and physics. Among their results, they show that a noisy telephone line is in fact a very sophisticated cryptographic device. They also present an application to quantum cryptography. >
CRiBAC: Community-centric role interaction based access control model

As one of the most efficient solutions to complex and large-scale problems, multi-agent cooperation has been in the limelight for the past few decades. Recently, many research projects have focused on context-aware cooperation to dynamically provide complex services. As cooperation in the multi-agent systems (MASs) becomes more common, guaranteeing the security of such cooperation takes on even greater importance. However, existing security models do not reflect the agents' unique features, including cooperation and context-awareness. In this paper, we propose a Community-based Role interaction-based Access Control model (CRiBAC) to allow secure cooperation in MASs. To do this, we refine and extend our preliminary RiBAC model, which was proposed earlier to support secure interactions among agents, by introducing a new concept of interaction permission, and then extend it to CRiBAC to support community-based cooperation among agents. We analyze potential problems related to interaction permissions and propose two approaches to address them. We also propose an administration model to facilitate administration of CRiBAC policies. Finally, we present the implementation of a prototype system based on a sample scenario to assess the proposed work and show its feasibility.