cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a master’s student assignment to promote safety and quality improvement in ambulatory settings

This Master’s level assignment describes an approach to educating adult nurse practitioner students to critically consider potential safety and quality issues in advanced practice ambulatory settings. Eighty-one nurse practitioner students selected a process or protocol that occurred in their clinical setting to analyze for potential error. Root cause analysis was utilized as the examination tool. Following root cause analysis, students developed recommendations that would decrease the likelihood of an error occurring in the future with the chosen process/protocol. The outcome of the analysis was submitted as a paper. Additionally, faculty wanted students to see the linkage of education to practice, and to feel that implementation of recommendations for their identified safety and quality process/protocol could be implemented in practice following graduation. Eighty-four percent of the submitted papers fell into four categories that students believed had a potential for error. The major categories were: medication errors (50.6%), laboratory analysis errors (23.5%), and missed diagnoses (9.9%). The fourth category of “Other” (16%) included various paper topics with two or less in the same area. The importance of the particular processes/protocols selected and analyzed by students for error potential was supported by the similarity of student outcomes to studies published in the literature regarding ambulatory care errors. Additionally, the students communicated through the course evaluation system that the assignment was interesting, promoted safer practice, and had the potential for implementation following graduation.
Utilization of Phosphorus from Defluorinated and Colloidal Phosphate by Chicks and Laying Hens

Abstract THE need for phosphorus supplements in poultry rations, especially in diets low in animal protein sources, has been recognized for a long time by poultry nutritionists. A considerable amount of research has been carried out in recent years to determine which products are suitable as phosphorus supplements for poultry. Among the recent sources of phosphorus available for poultry feeding is colloidal phosphate, which is also called soft phosphate with colloidal clay and is obtained as a by-product during the mining of rock phosphate. Representative samples of this product contain 18.1% calcium, 9.1% phosphorus, 1.4% fluorine and 33% clay, which consists mainly of silicon, aluminum, iron and other trace minerals. Colloidal phosphate is an inexpensive source of supplemental phosphorus. The use of such a supplement in poultry rations would be of great importance from a commercial point of view. Motzok et al. (1956) reported that when half of the supplemental phosphorus …
Learning preference and personality type: their association in paediatric residents

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the learning preferences and personality types of residents in paediatrics. As part of a study to teach residents in paediatrics how to teach, the authors administered the Learning Preference Inventory (LPI) and Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientation (FIRO-B) instruments to 55 residents in paediatrics at all three levels of training. The instruments provided data that were used to provide feedback to residents on their learning preferences and interaction styles, as well as how these factors might affect teaching and learning in the clinical setting. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships between the LPI and the FIRO-B. Fifty-two of the 55 residents (95%) completed the instruments. The results revealed that residents' learning preferences were significantly related to their personality types. For example, residents with high inclusion and affection scores on the FIRO-B preferred learning with others, which was significantly related to their high interpersonal scores on the LPI. Residents with low inclusion and affection scores were more likely to prefer independent learning (high individual and student-structured scores on the LPI) and abstract learning at statistically significant levels. The scores obtained by residents in paediatrics on the LPI were strongly correlated with those obtained on the FIRO-B. These data may have important implications for the way in which staff recruit, counsel and teach residents. The fact that the LPI is easy to administer and does not purport to measure personality styles makes it an acceptable educational tool that can be used in many areas of training.
A multi‐recombination model for the mtDNA rearrangements seen in maize cmsT regenerated plants

Summary Regeneration of plants from maize cytoplasmic male sterile type T (cmsT) callus tissue culture promotes, in some instances, genetic variability in their mitochondrial genomes. These mutations have been analyzed in various cmsT regenerated plants that have or have not regained the male fertile phenotype. A unique multi-recombination model explains the various mitochondrial genome rearrangements. First, recombination involving two different sets of direct repeats gives rise to subgenomic recombinant circles. Second, intermolecular recombination between some selected subgenomes gives rise to a new rearranged master chromosome. The consequence of these events is the formation of a new master chromosome containing sequence deletions and duplications when compared to the progenitor. This new mitochondrial genome seems stable, although it does not contain the entire genetic complexity of the progenitor.
Upstream range expansion by invasive round gobies: Is functional morphology important?

Range expansion by invasive taxa can be facilitated by a wide variety of life history traits, by behavioral repertoires, or via human-aided translocation. The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) continues to expand its range in Europe and the Great Lakes watershed by moving upstream in tributary rivers and streams. It is not clear whether in-stream barriers (e.g., waterfalls, culverts, dams) will prevent further upstream expansion. Since other species within the Gobiidae are adept waterfall climbers, we investigated whether body scaling morphometrics, fused pelvic fin adhesion, or swimming patterns in round gobies were suggestive of climbing capability. Behaviorally, round gobies swam less frequently, limited their swimming mode to caudal thrusts, and sought shelter more as velocity increased. Attachment to the substrate via the fused pelvic fins was documented in a laboratory flume. Fish smaller than 5 cm or having a body mass less than 1.5 g had passive pelvic fin adhesion power sufficient to remain in place on a wetted, inclined plane, whereas larger fish did not. Small fish had significantly smaller pelvic fin area/length ratios relative to larger fish (P < 0.001), but significantly greater pelvic fin area/mass ratios (P < 0.001). Caudal fin area, but not fused pelvic fin area, exhibited an allometric growth pattern versus weight in large gobies, whereas neither caudal nor pelvic fin area showed allometric increases versus weight in small round gobies. Pelvic fin area in both large and small fish grew allometrically compared to length, whereas caudal fin area increased allometrically relative to length only in small fish. Fin morphometric results suggest, theoretically, that neither adults nor juveniles have pelvic fin areas large enough to support their weight against gravity forces, but the areas are sufficient to withstand hydraulic drag forces. Collectively, our results suggest that in-stream barriers which force fish to overcome gravity should be impassable, but that barriers allowing fish to remain submerged could be navigable.
Cross-Cultural Comparison of Values and Nuclear War Attitudes

This study investigated the cross-cultural differences between 336 Caucasian and 67 American Indian adolescents in a rural area of the Pacific Northwest. Participants completed the Rokeach Value Survey-Form G, the Modified World Affairs Questionnaire, selected items from a nuclear freeze questionnaire, the Nuclear Attitudes Questionnaire, and selected demographic items. American Indians placed a higher priority on the values of family security, social recognition, helpfulness, and obedience than their Caucasian peers and a lower priority on freedom, ambition, independence, and capability than their Caucasian peers. They also demonstrated less pessimism about the effectiveness of civil defense measures, less hesitancy to escalate in a nuclear confrontation, and less pessimism about the effectiveness of actions to bring about a nuclear freeze.
Rigorous model-based design & verification flow for in-vehicle software

The development of in-vehicle software, often controlling safety-critical functions related to braking, steering and transmission systems, requires rigorous techniques to ensure high-integrity and reliability requirements. Formal models of requirements and design artifacts based on state-transition systems and other formalisms serve as a means to apply rigorous analysis and verification techniques at every stage in the development process. We present here one such formal analysis and verification flow, developed at General Motors R&D, provide an overview of methods for automatic test generation based on mathematical modeling and discuss the future directions for research.
Student recognition and construction of quality chemistry essay responses

Students in chemistry traditionally experience more difficulty responding to essay questions than to calculating a numerical answer for the same concept. The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ understanding of what constitutes a complete and cogent essay answer in chemistry. Preliminary data from thirty-nine non-science majors support the hypothesis that students do not reliably recognize or construct adequate responses to chemistry essay questions. In addition, students’ intention to construct a complete and cogent argument is compared to their actual responses. Inability to construct complete and cogent arguments may result in lower achievement scores on essay questions. Since essay questions are typically used to test both achievement and the effectiveness of innovative teaching practices, this situation may mask significant research results. These data suggest the need for a more extensive investigation of student construction of quality essay answers in chemistry as well as in other sciences. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2006, 7 (3), 160-169]
Isolation of a baculovirus variant that exhibits enhanced polyhedra production stability during serial passage in cell culture

The formation of few polyhedra mutants during serial propagation of baculoviruses in cell culture encumbers commercial scale production in this system. A Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) variant (isolate A21-MPV) has been isolated and the traits of budded virus (BV) production, synthesis of polyhedra, the percentage of cells that produce polyhedra, and the formation of few polyhedra (FP) mutants were investigated during serial passage of the variant in L. dispar 652Y cells. Isolate A21-MPV exhibited stable levels of BV production and polyhedra production and a small increase in the percentage of cells that produced polyhedra during five serial passages in cell culture. In contrast, isolate A21, a wildtype isolate, exhibited a significant increase in BV production and a decrease in polyhedra production and in the number of cells that produced polyhedra during five serial passages. The traits exhibited by isolate A21 are typically observed when FP mutants are formed and become predominate in a virus population. After five serial passages, greater than 95% of isolate A21 virus exhibited a FP phenotype. In contrast, less than 8% of isolate A21-MPV exhibited a FP phenotype after five serial passages. These results indicate that isolate A21-MPV exhibits enhanced polyhedra production stability during serial passage in Ld652Y cells. Consequently, this isolate could be useful for large-scale production in cell culture systems. © 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
Building a Rapid Learning Health Care System for Oncology: The Regulatory Framework of CancerLinQ

Today is a time of unprecedented opportunity and challenge in health care generally and cancer care in particular. An explosion of scientific knowledge, the rapid introduction of new drugs and technologies, and the unprecedented escalation in the cost of health care challenge physicians to quickly assimilate new information and appropriately deploy new advances while also delivering efficient and high-quality care to a rapidly growing and aging patient population. At the same time, big data, with its potential to drive rapid understanding and innovation, promises to transform the health care industry, as it has many others already. CancerLinQ is an initiative of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and its Institute for Quality, developed to build on these opportunities and address these challenges by collecting information from the electronic health records of large numbers of patients with cancer. CancerLinQ is, first and foremost, a quality measurement and reporting system through which oncologists can harness the depth and power of their patients' clinical records and other data to improve the care they deliver. The development and deployment of CancerLinQ raises many important questions about the use of big data in health care. This article focuses on the US federal regulatory pathway by which CancerLinQ will accept patient records and the approach of ASCO toward stewardship of the information.
Performance of TCP with Directional Antennas

Transport control protocol (TCP) is the most widely used transport protocol in the Internet. However, there are several performance issues related to TCP when used in wireless ad hoc networks. We compare the performance of TCP flows with directional and omni-directional antennas. We find that directional antennas improve TCP throughput up to 115% and reduce the MAC layer losses by 200%.
Spatial Dimensions of Social Capital

The neighborhood context affects social capital, yet scholars do not adequately account for the dynamic nature of the social spaces people occupy in measuring social capital. Research has focused o...
A Case of Myxofibrosarcoma in an Unusual Thoracic Location

Myxofibrosarcoma is a soft tissue neoplasm composed of malignant fibroblasts with a myxoid matrix. It is commonly found in patients during their 6th through 8th decades of life with a slight male predominance. Myxofibrosarcomas are classified as low- to high-grade tumors that are differentiated by hypercellularity, variation of mitotic activity and degree of necrosis. The most common sites are the extremities (77%) and trunk (12%), with the retroperitoneum and mediastinum being very rare. In this case report, we describe a patient presenting with myxofibrosarcoma of the mediastinum, a rare site for the development of myxofibrosarcoma. This case of primary mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma appears to be only the second described in the English-language literature.
Carbonic anhydrase II gene expression in isolated canine gastric parietal cells

The participation of carbonic anhydrase (CA II) in the gastric acid secretory process has been the subject of considerable controversy. We utilized a cDNA probe for CA II to measure CA II gene expression in canine gastric parietal cells that had been stimulated with the three principal acid secretagogues, carbachol, gastrin, and histamine. Hybridization to dot blots of total parietal cell RNA showed a significant increase in specific CA II mRNA content within minutes of secretagogue addition: carbachol stimulation led to an increase of 52 +/- 8.9%, reaching a maximum within 20 min; gastrin stimulation led to an increase within 60 min of 104 +/- 10.6%; stimulation with histamine was followed within 20 min by an increase of 30 +/- 7.2%. We also measured transcription rates for the CA II gene in cells stimulated by each agent and found an increase within 15 min. Our results show that CA II gene expression is regulated by agents that stimulate the parietal cell to secrete acid and that the accumulation of CA II mRNA subsequent to the initial interaction of stimulant appears to result from new transcription of the CA II gene. These data suggest the participation of CA II in the acid secretory response of the parietal cell to secretagogues.
Discourse functions of subject left dislocation in Old Occitan

This paper reports an empirical study of the discourse-pragmatic functions of subject left dislocation (LD) in Old Occitan. Data come from the complete troubadour biographies, in which the most common manifestation of subject LD is a nominal subject + sentence adverb si + verb, as in “Bertrans de Born si fo uns castellans” [Bertran de Born was a nobleman]. Whereas previous accounts fail to integrate syntax with discourse-pragmatic function, these results reveal the importance of both in explaining the occurrence of subject LD. Using recent approaches to the clausal left periphery (e.g., Beninca 2006), I distinguish LD subjects from conventional (i.e., non-dislocated) pre-verbal subjects. Next, following Fleischman’s (1991) analysis of si in Old French, I illustrate how subject LD structures the flow of information in discourse. In particular, subject LD marks a constituent as a discourse topic and can also introduce a new referent into the discourse and thereby mark it as topical.
Electronic Reserves, Library Databases and Courseware: A Complementary Relationship

Abstract This article discusses the evolution of e-reserves at Philadelphia University, a private institution with 105 full-time faculty and several hundred more adjuncts, from a stand-alone, library-controlled service to an integrated, faculty-driven operation. This change was made possible by the advent of ERes, its unique DocuFax module, and the institution's courseware system. Working together, these systems allow the faculty to largely eliminate the need for manual document scanning, increasing the speed, efficiency and degree of faculty control over the e-reserve process. Uploading content from or linking to content in library databases further eliminates scanning. This process is discussed and illustrated in the article. The complementary nature of ERes and course management software, and why both are needed, is a focal point of this article. The implications of this complementary relationship for copyright, licensing agreements, and information literacy are discussed.
Some Effects of Cold-Acclimation on the Biochemistry and Histology of the Hamster Kidney.

SummaryThe effects of cold acclimation on the kidney of the adult male hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) were studied. The animals were exposed to an ambient temperature of 4°C for periods of 4 to 10 weeks. Biochemical changes induced by cold acclimation include: 1) increased succinoxidase and succinic dehydrogenase activity, 2) increased total microsomal DPNH-cytochrome c reductase activity per kidney, but a decreased specific activity of this enzyme, and 3) increased total nitrogen, microsomal nitrogen, and DNA. The activity of glutamicoxaloacetate transaminase is unchanged. The wet weight of the kidney is much greater in cold-acclimated than in control animals, but decreases in heat stress. Thus, renal growth in the cold-acclimated animals probably is not simply a response to stress. Kidney growth is the same in cold-acclimated males and females, indicating that gonadal hormones are not specifically involved. Striking histological changes occur very soon after the animals are exposed to cold. After 2 days...
Results Analysis of Radiological Protection Detection of 26 Co-60 Therapy Apparatuses

[Objective]To understand the radiological protection performance of Co-60 therapy apparatus,and ensure radiotherapy quality. [Methods]According to the national standards GBZ 161-2004,the national metrology verification regulation JJG1027-2007,the part of radiological protection and technical performance indicators of Co-60 therapy apparatus were detected. [Results]The 5 radiological protection indicators including the radiotherapy room and environmental radiation levels,etc,the 3 technical performance indicators including the radioactive sources activity,timers relative deviation,radiation field flatness were all qualified,the qualified rate of other indicators was 54% to 92%.The qualified rate of penumbra zone and useful beam absorbed dose relative deviation were low. [Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the quality control and routine maintenance of Co-60 therapy apparatus,to improve the quality of medical physics workers and maintenance personnel so as to ensure radiotherapy quality.
Discussion on Archives Management of Electric Power Research Institute

In this paper,the author makes a detailed inquiry and proof into the significance and feasibility about the archives management at level of EPRI.The author clarifies the particular way on archives management,system,regulation,classification and working procedure.At the same time,a brief discussion concerning archives management modernization of department has been given in this thesis by author.
Alterations in renal tubular extracellular matrix components after ischemia-reperfusion injury to the kidney.

BACKGROUND The kidney is unique in that after ischemic injury to the renal tubules, essentially complete regenerative repair can occur. However, the factors responsible for renal regeneration are poorly delineated. Despite the importance of extracellular matrix components in cell attachment, proliferation, migration, and differentiation (all potentially important factors in regeneration), alterations in renal tubular extracellular matrix components after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been examined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Rats were subjected to bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 minutes and kidneys were taken at various time points for light microscopy and laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV immunofluorescence examination. Blood was taken for plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine determination. RESULTS Plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen rose rapidly peaking on days 1 to 3 (peak creatinine 3.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dl). The corticomedullary junction showed severe tubular necrosis and desquamation. Renal corticomedullary tubular basement membrane laminin showed a dramatic decrease at 18 hours through 24 to 48 hours postischemia-reperfusion injury, followed by a marked increase through day 5. Fibronectin increased markedly at 4 hours in all areas of the kidney and this continued through day 5. Type IV collagen remained unchanged at all time points examined. CONCLUSIONS This study documents alterations in renal tubular basement membrane laminin and fibronectin after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The ability of the extracellular matrix to modulate cell functions of potential importance in regeneration suggests that the alterations described may play a role in renal tubular regeneration after ischemic acute tubular necrosis.
Trigonometric Identities and Equations

This chapter presents trigonometric identities and equations. The chapter focuses at some of the consequences of the definition for the six trigonometric functions. The chapter presents a list of six basic trigonometric identities that are derived directly from the definition for the trigonometric functions. A trigonometric identity is simply a statement equating two expressions involving trigonometric functions. The chapter also explains how the six basic identities are derived and how they are used in solving problems and proving other identities.
Modeling the Delivery of Medical Services

A three-type model of health care delivery is constructed, in which individuals seek care at a primary care station and may be referred to a clinic or a hospital. The probability of seeking care depends on symptom level. (The demands for medical care depends on cost, ease of access, perception of the efficacy of care, and symptom level; the first three are represented by shifts in the probability of seeking care in the model.) Each provider has efficacy and referral matrices; individuals decide whether to pursue care. The model is simulated to investigate the cost-heahh status trade-offs. The outcome measure is used to investigate the efficacy of social policies, such as increasing access to the system. The cost-health status frontier is insensitive to a wide range of schemes for weighting symptom levels. The underlying health status of the population is much more important than the quality of medical care in determining the health status.
Law and the Gothic in the Slaveholding South

Surveying a variety of legal treatises, laws, judicial decisions, and anti-slavery narratives, Weinauer shows how the law emerges in such texts as a gothic villain, exerting a seemingly absolute and inescapable control over the lives of the enslaved. But even as these texts record the law’s suffocating power, they also simultaneously recognize that the effort to exorcise slave agency is doomed to be a futile one, for the slave’s humanity can only be repressed—it cannot be denied. In this way, the slave at law haunts the slave-holding south, bearing witness not only to the law’s abusive force but also to its inability to achieve its primary aim: the elimination of slave personhood.
THE NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTION

This chapter discusses the use of NN potentials for nuclear physics calculations that were far from being phase-equivalent. The partial-wave-projections of the theoretical production amplitudes at the various energies gave the absorption coefficients needed for elastic-scattering data analyses. Due to inability to calculate higher exchanges, all calculations terminated after 2π or 3π exchange. Therefore, the resulting interaction was regarded as somewhat peripheral and the scattering phase shifts produced were not valid for low angular momenta or high energies. The π+π→π+π phase shift for a particular π π partial wave gave the phase of the same N N ¯ →π π partial wave. However, as the magnitude-squared of each N N ¯ →π π partial wave was all that enters into the NN interaction, the π π phase shifts disappear from the formalism. The partial-wave projections of the theoretical production amplitudes at the various energies gave the absorption coefficients needed for elastic-scattering data analyses.
Gamma ray induced radiation damage in PWO and LSO/LYSO crystals

This paper compares 7-ray induced radiation damage effect in two kinds of heavy crystal scintilla tors: PWO and LSO/LYSO. Scintillation emission, optical transmission, light output, decay kinetics and light response uniformity were measured for PWO and LSO/LYSO crystal samples of large size before and after 7-ray irradiations. 7-ray induced phosphorescence was also measured, and the corresponding readout noise was determined.
A Review of Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan

This book review provides a brief overview of the collection Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan, edited by Mark Mclelland, Kazumi Nagaike, Katsuhiko Suganuma and James Welker (University Press of Mississippi, 2015). The review offers a summary of the main topics covered in the collection, and discusses its strengths, weaknesses and implications for other academic fields from the perspective of a scholar specializing in Education, Children’s Literature, Literacy and Diversity.
Pharmacokinetic differences before and after sonoporation during In – 111 – DTPA – Phe Octreotide therapy in man

1576 Objectives: To prove the In - 111 - DTPA - Phe - Octreotide increment after sonoporation into tumouricidal tissue. To improve the action of Auger and Internal Conversion electron emission of In -111 by augmenting its cell internalization. Methods: In 29 patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumours and treated with In – 111 octreotide, after hepatic artery catheterization followed by a simple radionuclide infusion. 18 to 21 hrs post infusion contrast microbubbles [Sonovue, Braco s.p.a., Milano, Italy] in a dosage of 5 ml where i.v. injected to each patient and ultrasound treatment [B-mode HDI 3000] was performed. Sonoporation lasted 5 to 6min in 5 patients, 7 to 8 min in 11 patients, 9 to 11 min in 9 patients and 11 – 14 in 4 patients. An ultrasound probe of broad band convex type was employed, operating at 2 – 4 MHz (focal spot 10 cm, depth 20 cm) with 45 db amplitude and a mechanical index of 1 (MI). Results: The mean net counts on tumoricidal Regions of Interest (ROIs) after about 5 to 6 min sonoporation was increased up to 2 to 3% compared to the counts measured before the beginning of the procedure. The internalization increment seems to be directly analogue to the duration of the treatment albeit in only 9 out of 29 cases lasted up to 12 -14 min due to the dose received by the examiner – doctor. Handling, lasting 7 to 8 min in 11 patients augmented the mean net counts up to 3.9% whereas in 9 patients up to 4.2% by a 9 to 11 min treatment. Conclusions: Microbubbles sonoporation seems to be the appropriate method for enhancing the peptide internalization, for the benefit of the treated patient. The dose received by the examiner – doctor has to be seriously taken into account due to the high exposure rate from the patient’s body.
Structural Basis of Semantic Memory

Semantic memory comprises our conceptual knowledge of the world and provides a critical interface between perception, action, and language. Acquiring and later deploying semantic knowledge in service of behavior relies on the coordinated function of distributed cortical and hippocampal circuitry. Semantic memory is typically delineated from episodic memory in that its content is divorced from the autobiographical or experiential context at acquisition. Neuropsychological work has related this distinction to gross anatomical substrates: the hippocampus is required during context-rich acquisition and subsequent consolidation, but is over time superseded by more stable, context-free cortical encoding. Neuroimaging research has since proceeded to comprehensively map the cortical organization of semantic memory, demonstrating that the macroanatomical substrates parallel the sensorimotor systems most relevant to particular domains of knowledge. Finally, methodological advances in neuroimaging have enabled us to leverage sophisticated computational models of semantic representation and decode fine-grained neural representations of semantic content from distributed patterns of brain activity.
Time dependent dielectric breakdown of SiN, SiBCN and SiOCN spacer dielectrics

The dielectric breakdown of SiN, SiBCN, and SiOCN MOSFET spacer dielectrics are studied. Using the Self-Consistent-Acceleration-Poisson-Statistics (SCAPS) method, SiN follows a 1/E dependent breakdown model while SiBCN and SiOCN show behavior consistent with the power-law model. The likelihood of the SCAPS method correctly identifying the best acceleration model is quantified through Monte-Carlo simulations. Trends in Weibull slope, power-law voltage acceleration exponent, activation energy, and defect generation rate is compared and contrasted to the well-studied SiO2 gate dielectric.
Treg-specific IL-27Rα deletion uncovers a key role for IL-27 in Treg function to control autoimmunity

Dysregulated Foxp3+ Treg functions result in uncontrolled immune activation and autoimmunity. Therefore, identifying cellular factors modulating Treg functions is an area of great importance. Here, using Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice, we report that IL-27 signaling in Foxp3+ Tregs is essential for Tregs to control autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction, Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice develop more severe EAE. Consistent with the severe disease, the numbers of IFNγ- and IL-17-producing CD4 T cells infiltrating the CNS tissues are greater in these mice. Treg accumulation in the inflamed CNS tissues is not affected by the lack of IL-27 signaling in Tregs, suggesting a functional defect of Il27ra-/- Tregs. IL-10 production by conventional CD4 T cells and their CNS accumulation are rather elevated in Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice. Analysis with Treg fate-mapping reporter mice further demonstrates that IL-27 signaling in Tregs may control stability of Foxp3 expression. Finally, systemic administration of recombinant IL-27 in Treg-specific Il27ra-/- mice fails to ameliorate the disease even in the presence of IL-27-responsive conventional CD4 T cells. These findings uncover a previously unknown role of IL-27 in regulating Treg function to control autoimmune inflammation.
An electron paramagnetic resonance mobile universal surface explorer.

Abstract Many samples cannot be studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy because they are too large to fit into the spectrometer and too precious to be destructively sampled for study. An EPR mobile universal surface explorer (MOUSE), also known as a unilateral EPR spectrometer, was constructed for studying this class of sample. The EPR MOUSE can nondestructively record a low frequency EPR (LFEPR) spectrum of a small region of any size object by placing the MOUSE against the object. The capabilities of the EPR MOUSE are demonstrated on paramagnetic paint pigments on canvas, magnetic ink on paper, and a ceramic candlestick. The mobile nature of the MOUSE will allow the spectrometer to be brought to the sample, thus opening new applications of EPR spectroscopy.
The Tools Used in Plastic Analysis and Design

The methods of simple plastic analysis and design are based on two basic assumptions. The first assumes that the structure is made of a ductile material such as steel that is able to absorb large deformations beyond the elastic limit without the danger of fracture. The second is that the deflections of a structural system under loading are small such that the effect of this upon the overall geometry can be ignored. Herein, we shall discuss the practicality of these assumptions and the limitations introduced by them in the methods of simple plastic analysis and design.
Adolescent Cell Phone Communications with Mothers and Fathers: Content, Patterns, and Preferences

Adolescents participated in qualitative interviews (N = 40) and permitted researchers to check their cell phone histories (N = 35) for the content and frequency of text and call communications with parents. Communications focused predominantly on day-to-day “managerial” aspects of parent–child relationships but also facilitated emotional connections between adolescents and parents. Adolescents preferred to use texts to engage in managerial communications and calls to connect emotionally, but logistical constraints resulted in most cell phone communications between adolescents and parents involving calls. Participants communicated more with mothers than fathers, regardless of communication content or medium. This was true regardless of family structure, although gender-of-parent differences were accentuated for adolescents in mother-only households. This pattern was explained by both greater maternal accessibility and adolescent preferences for communication with mothers. Communications with fathers tended to occur either when mothers were not available or when the communication was focused on a highly specific set of stereotypically masculine content areas.
A Battery-Powered Wireless Ion Sensing System Consuming 5.5 nW of Average Power

This paper presents a battery-powered wireless ion sensing platform featuring complete sensing-to-transmission functionality. A $1~\textrm {mm} \times 1.2~\textrm {mm}$ chip fabricated in 65 nm includes a 406 pW potentiometric analog front end, a 780 pW 10-bit SAR ADC, a 2.4 GHz power-oscillator-based wireless transmitter that consumes an average of 2.4 nW during a 10-sample/sec transmission rate, two timing generation oscillators that each consume 140 pW, and a 3:1 switched-capacitor dc–dc converter with 485 pW of quiescent power that achieves the efficiencies of 96.8% and 70.5% at 60 and 3.9 nW loads, respectively. The chip connects to a screen-printed ion-selective electrode responsive to sodium ions, and in vitro testing across an NaCl solution concentration range of 0.1–100 mM exhibited a linear near-Nernstian response with a slope of 71 mV/log10[Na+]. When all blocks are operating, the system consumes an average of 5.5 nW.
H2 Optimal Control

In this chapter we begin our study of optimal synthesis and in particular will derive controllers that optimize the H 2 performance criterion. We will start by defining the synthesis problem to be solved, and will then provide a number of motivating interpretations. Following this, we will develop some new matrix tools for the task at hand, before proceeding to solve this optimal control problem.
23 – Advancing photodynamic therapy with biochemically tuned liposomal nanotechnologies

: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based modality in which a chemical (photosensitizer) is energized by light to produce cytotoxic molecular species. The current state of the art limits PDT to small isolated lesions. To make the modality more broadly applicable, new targeting strategies with high payloads of the photosensitizer are needed and several approaches are being evaluated. Nanoliposomes have attracted interest as efficient, biocompatible and biodegradable carriers of photosensitizers that broaden the applications of PDT through their multi-compartmental architecture and their tunable physicochemical characteristics. This chapter provides an overview of the theranostic aspects of liposomal constructs and their role in future advancements of PDT. It also elaborates on the photochemistry, physical properties and release mechanisms of photosensitizers entrapped within optimized liposomes that mediate effective PDT treatments.
Diffusion, the Diffusion Coefficient, and Mechanisms of Diffusion

Diffusion is the way in which matter is transported through matter. It occurs by approximately random motions of the atoms in a crystal lattice. The net result of many such random movements of a large number of atoms is actual displacement of matter, the movement being activated by the thermal energy of the crystal. In a pure material any particular atom is continually moving from one position to another in the material. This is called self-diffusion and can be studied experimentally by the use of radioactive tracers.
Rule-Based Cognitive Modeling for Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Rule-based cognitive models serve many roles in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) development. They help understand student thinking and problem solving, help guide many aspects of the design of a tutor, and can function as the “smarts” of a system. Cognitive Tutors using rule-based cognitive models have been proven to be successful in improving student learning in a range of learning domain. The chapter focuses on key practical aspects of model development for this type of tutors and describes two models in significant detail. First, a simple rule-based model built for fraction addition, created with the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools, illustrates the importance of a model’s flexibility and its cognitive fidelity. It also illustrates the model-tracing algorithm in greater detail than many previous publications. Second, a rule-based model used in the Geometry Cognitive Tutor illustrates how ease of engineering is a second important concern shaping a model used in a large-scale tutor. Although cognitive fidelity and ease of engineering are sometimes at odds, overall the model used in the Geometry Cognitive Tutor meets both concerns to a significant degree. On-going work in educational data mining may lead to novel techniques for improving the cognitive fidelity of models and thereby the effectiveness of tutors.
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF ADRENAL TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE AND THE IN VITRO ACTIVATION OF THE ENZYME BY AN ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE DEPENDENT PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Five minutes following the brief application of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) to rats, there is a 2-fold activation of adrenal medulla tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). At that time, there is no associated change in adrenal medulla cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, although a modest increase in protein kinase (PK) activity is demonstrable. Adrenal TH was purified and separated from PK by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Addition of catalytic subunit produced an activation of the purified TH comparable to that seen with the enzyme from animals subjected to ECS.
Case Theory in Minimalist Grammars

This paper investigates the consequences of one-to-many licensing relationships for Minimalist Grammars (MGs; [30]) on the example of case. Dependent Case Theory [2, 23] has proposed that a single noun phrase can assign accusative case to arbitrarily many other noun phrases in particular structural configurations. Taking a licensing view rather than an assignment view on the distribution of case, this implies that accusative case can be licensed by a single licensor on arbitrarily many licensees. This paper argues that the distribution rules for case can be formalized as at most monadic second-order constraints, which are known to be translatable into an MG with refined Merge-features [16]. However, an implementation as Move-features is not feasible because such an MG would need to “count” and would thereby generate non-regular derivation tree languages. It is argued that this increase in complexity can be avoided by suspending the SMC for licensing relationships that involve neither displacement of phonological nor of semantic features.
Radial Inertia Effect on Dynamic Compressive Response of Polymeric Foam Materials

Polymeric foams have been extensively used in shock isolation applications because of their superior shock or impact energy absorption capability. However, as a type of soft condensed matter, the highly nonlinear, heterogeneous, and dissipative behavior of polymeric foams may result in an ineffective mitigation or isolation to shock/blast loading. To meet certain desired shock mitigation or isolation requirements, the polymeric foams need to be experimentally characterized to obtain their intrinsic material response. However, radial inertia during dynamic compression has become a severe issue and needs to be fully understood. In this study, we developed an analytical method to calculate the additional stress induced by radial inertia in a polymeric foam specimen. The radial inertia is generally caused by Poisson’s effect and associated with three different mechanisms – axial strain acceleration, large deformation, and Poisson’s ratio change. The effect of Poisson’s ratio change during deformation on radial inertia was specifically investigated for hyperelastic foam materials, and verified with experimental results obtained from Kolsky compression bar tests on a silicone foam.
Information or Evidence? Abandoning Imaginary Worlds for Blockchains in Health Technology Assessment

Commentaries published in INNOVATIONS in Pharmacy over the past 2 years have made the case that, as a basis for formulary decision making, the construction of imaginary modeled worlds fails to meet the standards of normal science. As such, they should be rejected as a basis for decision-making. While their proponents argue that imaginary constructs are key sources of information for formulary decisions, the fact is that the claims made from those models are impossible to validate. Indeed, they were never intended to be validated. Claims for product performance should be presented in evidentiary terms. That is, they should be credible, evaluable and replicable. If the commitment to imaginary worlds in technology assessment is to be abandoned a key requirement is for platforms that allow claims to be assessed in real time and in a timeframe that is meaningful to decision makers. Recent developments in blockchain technology offer the prospects for platforms that meet criteria for claims assessment. Article Type: Commentary
Making debating great again: U.S. Presidential candidates’ use of aggressive communication for winning presidential debates

AbstractThis study explores how presidential candidates leveraged social aggression within the 2015–2016 U.S. presidential primary and general election debates in an effort to characterize their op...
Dysphagia lusoria: problem or incidentaloma?

Purpose of review To address the incidental versus pathogenic nature of dysphagia lusoria and to provide a review of the cause, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition with respect to recent literature. Recent findings Case reports comprise the majority of recent literature concerning dysphagia lusoria. Many patients with an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) have additional coexisting vascular anomalies. While most individuals present around age 50, some present as children and neonates. Of note, this population may present with dysphagia as opposed to respiratory findings alone, as previously described. In the diagnostic workup, most patients receive a battery of radiologic tests, which may not be necessary. Significantly, dietary modifications and medical management alone may resolve symptoms. Nonetheless, a wide range of operative techniques are available for the treatment of dysphagia lusoria. Summary Clinicians should have a higher suspicion for dysphagia lusoria in patients with known vascular, heart, or chromosomal anomalies. Diagnosis should begin with a barium esophagram followed by a computed tomography angiogram or magnetic resonance angiogram. Avoid unnecessary studies. In many cases, an ARSA may be an incidental finding with comorbid gastroesophageal reflux disease or another medical condition responsible for the symptoms. Medical versus surgical management should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
An interdisciplinary review to develop guidelines for modeling population displacement as a function of infrastructure reconstruction decisions

Abstract Multiyear population displacement is a feature of natural disasters that have caused widespread infrastructure damage. This interdisciplinary, transportation-centric survey paper offers guidelines for civil infrastructure system (CIS) models supporting recovery managers and transportation system managers who are seeking to reduce displacement duration. Social science and transportation literature describe the linkages between infrastructure and long-term population displacement and identify key infrastructure systems needed to resolve population displacement. Resilience literature, particularly the well-known performance recovery curve, is extended to show how infrastructure interdependencies affect reconstruction timelines, and how repair of key infrastructure therefore forms a lower bound on displacement duration that can be estimated using a CIS. CIS modeling literature describes model types and interdependencies for post-disaster recovery models concerned with displacement. These high-level requirements and design specifications are summarized within a simple scorecard and used to evaluate thirteen recent quantitative, recovery-focused CIS models for potential application to disaster displacement. The most common data gaps are transportation and building systems, and a majority of models neglect jurisdictions, funding constraints, and any mention of people in model goals or outputs. We conclude by identifying urgent research questions, discussing issues of data type and resolution, and suggesting appropriate outputs for decision support.
Learning theories and principles in surgical education and technical learning

What is important to think about in surgical education and technical skills training? Technical skills training is grounded in social cognitive theory and the concepts of modeling and self-efficacy. Cognitive and nontechnical learning is critical to supplement the overall proficiency of the surgical learner in performing an operation. Technical learning is cemented by deliberate practice and there is benefit to productive struggle and failure. External cognitive load should be minimized to maximized operative skills advancement.