cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of medical students and residents who select psychiatry : implications for recruitment.

Effective recruitment of psychiatric residents begins with understanding medical students’ motivations for entering psychiatry. The author reviews the recent literature on the personalities of medical students interested in psychiatry compared with those interested in other specialties, the positive and negative factors that medical students cite when deciding whether to enter psychiatry, and the variables that are important to medical students and residents when selecting psychiatry residency programs. The implications of these studies for enhancing recruitment into psychiatry are discussed.
Ethylene Dibromide Fumigation of California-grown Citrus: Effects of Fumigating Unpacked, Bulk Fruits, or Commercially Packed Fruits on Applied Dosage and Residues

Two types of lemons and oranges were fumigated with ethylene dibromide (EDB): unpacked and unwaxed fruits in wooden picking boxes (bulk-treated) and commercially waxed and packed fruits in fiberboard cartons (packed-treated). By bulk-treating citrus fruits and eliminating the highly sorptive fiberboard carton material, the dosage of EDB applied was reduced by 43% (from 14 g/m3 to 8 g/m3) without reducing the exposure of the commodity to the fumigant. Residual EDB was found mostly in the peel; relatively little was found in the pulp. Initial levels of residual EDB were higher in lemons than in oranges and higher in bulk-treated than in packed-treated fruits. Although not significant, desorption of EDB from fumigated citrus was faster from the peel than from the pulp, and faster from oranges than from lemons. However, the rate of desorption of EDB was significantly faster from bulk-treated, unwaxed fruits than from packed-treated, waxed fruits. The rate of desorption was also significantly faster from fruits stored at 18°C than from those stored at 6°C.
THE ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND CENTERS OF ORIGIN OF THE CRAYFISH SUBGENUS PROCERICAMBARUS (DECAPODA: CAMBARIDAE).

The Central Highlands region in the central United States is a taxonomically diverse region with a high incidence of stream endemism. Based on the distributions of the diverse ichthyofauna in the region, a pre-Pleistocene pattern of diversity due to vicariant events has been proposed to explain high levels of endemism and species richness. We tested this hypothesis using crayfish phylogenies and distributional patterns for species distributed in the Central Highlands region. We concluded that both pre-Pleistocene and Pleistocene hypotheses are compatible with the crayfish distributions and these distributions are likely due to a combination of both vicariant and dispersal events. Furthermore, we suggest a Pleistocene center of origin for the crayfish subgenus Procericambarus within the Ozark region and a pre-Pleistocene center of origin for the genus Orconectes within the Eastern Highlands region.
The Boundaries of Public Reason

Modern versions of public reason occasionally must address disputes so profound and divisive that the adjudicative powers of reason cannot resolve them on the expectations of liberal governance. The beliefs underlying these disputes represent the legitimate pluralism of the liberal state, but they also reproduce within the languages of public reason the same divisive views that the liberal state must manage in the larger society. The effects of divisive beliefs can be mitigated, however, with a noncomputational version of public reason that allows collective terms to dominate simple merit adjudication. This type of reasoning requires a survey of considerations beyond the merits of the case at hand and opens public reason to the more general needs of the political society.
Developing and delivering food systems training programs for 21st century audiences

Expectations for training programmes today are very different from expectations for training programmes in the past, because today’s audiences are not only multigenerational, but the younger generations learn in distinctly different ways from older, more traditional audiences. To meet the needs of these multigenerational audiences, the Auburn University Food Systems Institute (AUFSI) has developed on-demand, online courses that offer a variety of ways for learners to interact with training materials. For example, a typical course may offer not only traditional text, but audio, video, simulations, and more. In addition, AUFSI has developed supporting educational tools such as interactive virtual tours and video games. This approach to creating courses is a response to the different levels of experiences of the generations as well as different expectations of how materials should be delivered. In order to be effective, training materials need to be designed to appeal to this multigenerational audience. Traditionalists (born before 1946) prefer face-to-face training programmes. Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964) are more accepting of technology. Generations X (born 1965-1980), Y (born 1981- 2000) and C (born after 2000), however, expect to receive training at their convenience, to have it delivered electronically, and to be entertained as well as educated.
Comparison of different therapy and result of gouty arthritis of knee

Objective To compare different therapies and results of gouty arthritis of knee joint. Methods A total 29 gouty arthritis patients from February 2001 to February 2006 were studied. 8 cases were conservatively treated with medicine; 7 cases were performed with arthrocentesis; 14 cases were treated by arthroscopy. The control of uric acid was performed routinely after operation. Result The conservative treatment and arthrocentesis could not find the damage in joint and take therapeutic measure to prevent it,so the symptom of joint did not relieve obviously in follow-up. The symptom and function of joint of 14 cases received arthroscopic therapy relieved satisfactorily. All the wounds were healed well and no complication appeared. The functions of joint were also of satisfactory in follow-up. Conclusion Compared among the three kinds of treatment,arthroscopic therapy has its distinct superiority: immediate and evident effect,satisfied function of joint and so on. It can get excellent effect combined with medicine therapy.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Phenobarbital in Epileptic Children

Objective To investigate the population pharmacokinetics(PPK)of phenobarbital(PB) in epileptic children. Methods The data from 298 epileptic children who took phenobarbital were collected.The PPK parameters were estimatied by CPKDP program with Bayesian's feedback and Iterative two stage method. Results The main parameters of the PPK including Ke,Vm, and CL were 0.351 h-1、0.452 L·kg-1 and 5.135 L·h-1·kg-1,respectively,in phenobarbital alone group.They were not influenced by the children's sex,stature,adjuvant drug administration or drug-taking duration.The epileptic children's age,body weight,and combination of vaproic sodium(VPA),phenytion(PHT),clonazepam(CNP),topiramate(TPM),carbamazepine(CBZ) were all important determinants of the clearance(CL) of PB,which was increased when combination of VPA,CBZ and PHT and decreased when combination of CNP and TPM. Conclusion Based on the PPK model in the epileptic children and referring to the children's age,body weight,drug dosage and drug combination,the CL of PB was estimated and the in vivo concentration of PB was predicted to direct the indivilized drug administration.
The first interview with a family.

The first family interview is the critical first encounter with a family. A successful outcome for both the family and the pediatrician is ensured if the pediatrician is clear about the goals of the interview, the techniques to be used, and his role and tasks. Family-focused pediatrics is an approach to addressing challenging behavioral-developmental issues that affect children and parents alike, all of whom must be included in the solution-finding process.
COMPONENTS OF THE CANNABINOID SYSTEM IN THE DORSAL PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY ARE RELATED TO RESTING HEART RATE

The present study was undertaken to examine whether variations in endocannabinoid signaling in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) are associated with baseline autonomic nerve activity, heart rate, and blood pressure. Blood pressure was recorded telemetrically in rats, and heart rate and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability were determined. Natural variations from animal to animal provided a range of baseline values for analysis. Transcript levels of endocannabinoid signaling components in the dPAG were analyzed, and endocannabinoid content and catabolic enzyme activity were measured. Higher baseline heart rate was associated with increased anandamide content and with decreased activity of the anandamide-hydrolyzing enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and it was negatively correlated with transcript levels of both FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a catabolic enzyme for 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Autonomic tone and heart rate, but not blood pressure, were correlated to levels of FAAH mRNA. In accordance with these data, exogenous anandamide in the dPAG of anesthetized rats increased heart rate. These data indicate that in the dPAG, anandamide, a FAAH-regulated lipid, contributes to regulation of baseline heart rate through influences on autonomic outflow.
The Ectodermal Thickening and Ridge in the Limbs of Staged Human Embryos

The limbs of amniote embryos are characterized by a thickening of the epiblast at their tips (Balfour, 1885). Kolliker (1879) illustrated such a thickening in a section of a chick embryo and, according to Braus (1906), was responsible for the term ‘ectodermal cap’ ( Ektodermkappe ). Saunders (1948) showed in the chick by experimental means that ‘the thickened ectoderm at the apex of the bud’ is ‘essential to the formation of the limb’. A similar thickening has frequently been noted at the apex of developing mammalian limbs. It can be seen in figures 3, 4, and 5 of Lewis9s (1902) paper onthe development of the upper limb in man. Bardeen & Lewis (1901, fig. 19) called attention to the thickened epithelium at the free edge of the human lower limb bud. Steiner (1929, fig. 5), in a study of the development of human skin, illustrated the ‘ectodermal cap’ in the upper limb of a 9-mm. human embryo.
Neutron Balance Equation and Transport Theory

The time rate of change of the neutron population in a nuclear reactor depends upon the rate at which neutrons are produced in the reactor as compared to the rate at which neutrons are lost from the reactor. During steady-state operation, the production and loss rates in the reactor exactly cancel and the neutron population remains constant. The neutronics calculations necessary to determine the exact spatial dependence of the neutron population in the reactor generally require a calculational technique called transport theory. Transport theory is challenging from a calculational standpoint; however, an approximation to transport theory called diffusion theory is often used to perform the needed neutronics calculations. Diffusion theory has been found to be acceptable when high accuracy is not required or when the neutron population gradients in the reactor are not very large.
Kinematic Ground‐Motion Simulations on Rough Faults Including Effects of 3D Stochastic Velocity Perturbations

Abstract We describe a methodology for generating kinematic earthquake ruptures for use in 3D ground‐motion simulations over the 0–5 Hz frequency band. Our approach begins by specifying a spatially random slip distribution that has a roughly wavenumber‐squared fall‐off. Given a hypocenter, the rupture speed is specified to average about 75%–80% of the local shear wavespeed and the prescribed slip‐rate function has a Kostrov‐like shape with a fault‐averaged rise time that scales self‐similarly with the seismic moment. Both the rupture time and rise time include significant local perturbations across the fault surface specified by spatially random fields that are partially correlated with the underlying slip distribution. We represent velocity‐strengthening fault zones in the shallow ( 15 km) crust by decreasing rupture speed and increasing rise time in these regions. Additional refinements to this approach include the incorporation of geometric perturbations to the fault surface, 3D stochastic correlated perturbations to the P ‐ and S ‐wave velocity structure, and a damage zone surrounding the shallow fault surface characterized by a 30% reduction in seismic velocity. We demonstrate the approach using a suite of simulations for a hypothetical M w 6.45 strike‐slip earthquake embedded in a generalized hard‐rock velocity structure. The simulation results are compared with the median predictions from the 2014 Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 Project ground‐motion prediction equations and show very good agreement over the frequency band 0.1–5 Hz for distances out to 25 km from the fault. Additionally, the newly added features act to reduce the coherency of the radiated higher frequency ( f >1 Hz) ground motions, and homogenize radiation‐pattern effects in this same bandwidth, which move the simulations closer to the statistical characteristics of observed motions as illustrated by comparison with recordings from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake.
Rice Bran: A Food Ingredient with Global Public Health Opportunities

Abstract Rice is a critical staple food crop for achieving global food security and influencing human health. Various initiatives have focused on rice to decrease hunger and malnutrition, since rice feeds most of the world’s poor population. Rice bran, derived from whole grain rice, is currently an under-utilized food ingredient that presents a tremendous opportunity for dietary inclusion. Emerging evidence indicates that bioactive components found in rice bran have disease-fighting properties related to both infectious and chronic diseases. The addition of rice bran as a food ingredient into culturally acceptable, nutritious foods has health-promoting significance across the lifespan, ranging from complementary foods to widely consumed food products. This chapter addresses the challenges and opportunities for widespread rice bran consumption, and highlights how rice varietal differences in bioactive components merit investigation for health properties. Moreover, public health nutrition education for rice bran will be an important next step for the sustainable development of region-specific dietary intake.
Hip-Preserving Surgery: Understanding Complex Pathomorphology

This presentation will provide an overview of the interdisciplinary research program on hip pathomorphology at the University of Utah, including studies of dysplasia and femoracetabular impingement. The discussion will emphasize the implications of the research findings for hip preserving surgery
Integrating National Markets: From the Outside-in or from the Inside-out?

Since the Cold War ended, a new feature of the postwar world has gained primacy for people in industrialized countries: the threats posed by international trade and the integration of industrialized economies. National and subnational interests are now formulated, and preeminence and decline now measured, in terms of economic well-being. A cartography adapted to chart this new terrain of world politics would be required to show more than the relative military power of states. It might even reverse its perspective and depict geoeconomics, once the background to military security, as the foreground. This new political-economic geography, in which national security is assured through economic diplomacy, competitiveness, and trade wars, began to emerge in the mid-1970s with the end of the postwar economic boom. But its origins were institutionalized at Bretton Woods in 1944 and in Brussels a decade later. In
'Well-fare' Economics of Groundwater in South Asia

Groundwater exploitation has been instrumental in raising agricultural productivity andreducing rural poverty in South Asia, a region that accounts for nearly half of the globalgroundwater used for irrigation. Over the past three decades there has been an explosion ofprivate investment in borewells and mechanized pumps, which has allowed access togroundwater to be widely shared. But this profusion of drilling and pumping has also led toserious groundwater depletion. This essay explores South Asia’s groundwater dilemmathrough the lens of welfare economics, drawing on evidence from India and Pakistangleaned from a variety of sources ranging from agricultural censuses to specialized surveys.Policies to arrest groundwater depletion are also discussed.
Explicit Defense Actions Against Test-Set Attacks.

Automated learning and decision making systems in public-facing applications are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Examples of such systems include spam detectors, credit card fraud detectors, and network intrusion detection systems. These systems are at further risk of attack when money is directly involved, such as market forecasters or decision systems used in determining insurance or loan rates. In this paper, we consider the setting where a predictor Bob has a fixed model, and an unknown attacker Alice aims to perturb (or poison) future test instances so as to alter Bob's prediction to her benefit. We focus specifically on Bob's optimal defense actions to limit Alice's effectiveness. We define a general framework for determining Bob's optimal defense action against Alice's worst-case attack. We then demonstrate our framework by considering linear predictors, where we provide tractable methods of determining the optimal defense action. Using these methods, we perform an empirical investigation of optimal defense actions for a particular class of linear models -- autoregressive forecasters -- and find that for ten real world futures markets, the optimal defense action reduces the Bob's loss by between 78 and 97%.
Abstract P292: Relationship Between Coronary Atherosclerosis on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography and New Statins Prescriptions

Background: Statins have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, not all patients with indications for statins are actually receiving them. The aim of this analysis is to determine the relationship between the diagnosis of atherosclerosis on coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) and new statins prescriptions. Methods: We included 544 consecutive patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA for various clinical reasons and were not on statins prior to the CCTA. CCTA were interpreted as normal, non obstructive CAD (≤50% diameter stenosis) or obstructive CAD (>50% diameter stenosis). The primary endpoint was new prescription of statins within one year after the CCTA. Univariate and multivariate predictors of new statins prescription were computed. Results: Of the 544 patients included, 256 patients (47%) had normal CCTA, 211 patients (39%) had non obstructive CAD and 77 patients (14%) had obstructive CAD. Within one year of performing the CCTA, 132 patients (46%) were started on statins. New statins were prescribed in 9%, 33% and 53% of patients with normal CCTA, non obstructive CAD and obstructive CAD, respectively (P Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that the presence of atherosclerosis on CCTA (both obstructive and non obstructive CAD) is associated with new statins prescriptions.
Utility of SPECT and SPECT/CT for Localization of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

1612 Objectives Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks can be a cause of chronic headaches. The diagnostic challenge is often localizing the CSF leak. As a result, multiple modalities have been employed to find the source of these CSF leaks. It has become a common practice to add SPECT or SPECT/CT at the time of the time of planar cisternography in hopes of identifying the location of these spontaneous CSF leaks. Our goal was to evaluate the utility of these additional tests in localizing spontaneous CSF leaks. Methods This study is a retrospective review of all patients that underwent Indium-111 DTPA cisternography for the evaluation of the spontaneous CSF leaks at a tertiary care academic center between 12/2007 and 2/2012. Results of subsequent diagnostic evaluations, including SPECT, SPECT/CT, CT myelography and MRI myelography, were reviewed for their ability to locate the suspected spontaneous CSF leak. Results A total of 638 patients that underwent nuclear medicine cisternography were reviewed. 194 of these patients underwent nuclear medicine cisternography SPECT or SPECT/CT. 15 of these patients demonstrated a possibly localizing CSF leak. 3 of these patients were subsequently found to have a leak by CT myelography. In only one patient did the site correlate with CT myelography. In total, 16 patients out of the 194 that underwent nuclear medicine cisternography with SPECT and/or SPECT/CT were ultimately found to have a CSF leak by myelography. Of these 16 patients, SPECT or SPECT/CT did not identify 2 and could not locate, or falsely located, the CSF leak in 13. Conclusions SPECT and SPECT/CT adds time, cost and/or radiation exposure to planar cisternography while the benefit of possibly localizing a spontaneous CSF leak is limited. In the relatively few cases in which SPECT or SPECT/CT possibly localizes a CSF leak, the results are frequently discordant with myelography results. In the rare occasion that SPECT or SPECT/CT results are concordant with myelography, myelography is still required to provide more precise localization for intervention.
Roads, Lines, and Boundary Objects: A Critical Cartographic Look at the Development of the Serengeti Highway

In 2010, the then President of Tanzania, Jakaya Kikwete, announced an economic development plan to build a highway that spanned northern Tanzania. The map of the plan revealed a transportation network that traversed the Greater Serengeti–Mara ecosystem and bisected the iconic Serengeti National Park. Given the importance of the Serengeti–Mara ecosystem to conservation and savannah ecology, not to mention international tourism, the plan immediately came under worldwide scrutiny. The Tanzanian state and the Kikwete administration were lambasted, ultimately fixing the highway project in the form of polylines on maps rather than an infrastructure project on the ground. As such, the mutability of lines on maps give the highway project the flexibility to transcend conversations across institutions that span the conservation–development spectrum with limited interrogation. This article addresses the circulation of maps representing the failed highway project through various epistemic communities. My purpose is n...
Graduate Education and the Taxation of Tuition Reductions

While the legislation popularly (or unpopularly) known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was working its way through Congress, many colleges and universities were afraid that the repeal of Internal Revenue Code section 117(d), as provided in the House version of the bill, would have catastrophic effects on American graduate education. The concern was that, after repeal, graduate teaching and research assistants would be taxed on their tuition reductions, and the measure of the income would be determined using the stated tuition figure — the sticker price — for the academic institution. Section 117(d) survived, but it could come under challenge again and it’s worth considering what difference repeal would really make. This article concludes that repeal would have negatively affected few graduate students; the real effect would have been on undergraduate tuition reductions provided to faculty, staff, and dependents. In addition, the article questions the common assumption that, when a tuition reduction is taxable, income should be measured by the school’s sticker price. What should be taxed is value received, and a reasonable measure might be what the average student at the school is paying for tuition. In a world in which tuition “discounts” are the norm, that figure is going to be less, and often much less, than the sticker price.
Patient-provider relationships and health outcomes among hepatopancreatobiliary patients

Abstract Background The patient-provider relationship (PPR) is an important element of health care delivery and may influence patient outcomes. The objective of the present study was to identify clinical predictors of PPR among patients with hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) diseases and assess the association of PPR and health care utilization. Materials and Methods The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database from 2008-2014 was used to identify adult patients with HPB diagnoses. A PPR score of “poor,” “average,” and “optimal” was calculated from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey. Predictors of poor PPR and the association of PPR and health care utilization were assessed. Results Among 592 patients, PPR was optimal (210, 35.4%), average (270, 45.5%), or poor (114, 19.2%). Patients without insurance (36.3%) or with Medicaid (28.8%) were more likely to report poor PPR versus patients with private insurance (14.0%) or Medicare (15.4%) (P = 0.03). Poor (24.3%)- and low (21.5%)-income patients were more likely to report poor PPR versus middle (12.8%)- or high-income (14.0%) patients (P = 0.03). Poor mental health was also more common among patients with poor PPR (13.4%) versus average (5.4%) or optimal (3.7%) PPR (P = 0.02), and this association between poor PPR and poor mental health remained significant on multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-4.92). Poor PPR was associated with increased emergency room utilization on univariate (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.21-5.14), but not multivariate (OR 2.18, 95% CI 0.92-5.15) analysis. Conclusions Among patients with HPB diseases, PPR was associated with insurance type, socioeconomic status, and mental health scores. Patients reporting poor PPR were more likely to be high utilizers of the emergency room. Efforts to improve the PPR are needed and should be focused on these high-risk populations.
NOISE IN SODIUM β″ ALUMINA SINGLE CRYSTALS

Experimental current noise spectra for single crystal sodium 3″ alumina are essentially identical to those previously reported for polycrystalline ceramic specimens. The measured noise power is proportional to the square of the dc sample current and varies as f − 1 . 5 , which suggests conductivity fluctuations arising from diffusion of the mobile ions. Only a small fraction of the mobile ions appear to participate in the diffusion noise process and the number is thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.8eV, in agreement with data from ceramic specimens.
Assessing gender bias in qualitative evaluations of surgical residents.

Abstract Background There are notable disparities in the training, recruitment, promotion, and evaluation of men and women in surgery. The qualitative assessment of surgical residents may be implicitly gender biased. Methods We used inductive analysis to identify themes in written evaluations of residents. We also performed a content analysis of words fitting previously defined communal, grindstone, ability, and standout categories. Results Differences in themes that emerged from evaluations of male and female residents were notable regarding overall performance, references to the future, professional competency, job domains, disposition and humanism, and overall tone of evaluations. Comments about men were more positive than those about women, and evaluations of men included more standout words. Conclusions The more positive evaluations of men may handicap women if they are seen as less likely to perform well based on these evaluations. These differences suggest that implicit bias may play a role in the qualitative evaluation of surgical residents.
Libor Interest Rates

This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model that disentangles interbank interest rates from interest rates on government bonds. Firstly, I explicitly identify the externality in the financial sector that explains the use of cash in the portfolios of financial intermediaries. Cash provides insurance for the interest rate used to finance loans. However, when a financial intermediary decides his level of insurance, he ignores the negative effect of his decision on the remaining financial sector. It is shown that the positive spread between interbank rates and treasury rates is the leading variable that drives the money market. The spread has to increase when financial intermediaries desire less cash than the cash available in the economy. Similarly, the spread decreases when there is less cash in the economy than desired by financial intermediaries. Secondly, general equilibrium implications are analyzed. The externality creates an ex-ante distortion in the financial sector. As a result, borrowing interest rates have to increase relative to lending interest rates. The analysis is developed in a model where there are private investors, financial intermediaries and a government. The model is simple enough to allow close form solutions. I identify the role played by interbank rates that prevents them from reflecting a pricing kernel at which the real economy is willing to transfer cash flows over time, thereby compromissing the use of Libor interest rates in valuation. Additionally, an increase in expected inflation exarcebates the externality identified in this paper. As a consequence, expected inflation increases the equilibrium costs of financial intermediation. The result is an increase in real interest rates and an economic slowdown.
Study on Natural Organic Materials as Biofilm Carriers for the Optimization of Anaerobic Digestion

Increased Methane productivity and organic matter removal efficiency in anaerobic digestion can be achieved by retaining microbial consortia inside the reactors using biofilm carriers. In this study, the performance of anaerobic reactors was assessed using natural organic materials i.e. luffa sponge, coconut husk fiber and wood chips as biofilm carriers. Anaerobic batch mode bioreactors comprising of carrier materials for biofilms and control bioreactor were run in parallel at mesophilic temperature (35 °C). Methane content, biogas yield, pH, volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, VFA/alkalinity ratio and total organic carbon was measured before and after the experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the morphology of the methanogenic bacteria present in the biofilms. Maximum methane concentration and volatile solids removal efficiency was obtained from luffa sponge reactor i.e. 77.7% and 82.6% respectively. Furthermore, determination of biokinetic parameters lag phase (ʎ) and production rate (Rm) was also performed using three kinetic models i.e. Modified Gompertz Model, Logistics growth model and Transference function model. Among the kinetic models, logistics growth model and modified Gompertz model provided the best fit with the experimental data providing the R2 of 0.989 and 0.975 respectively.
Coercive Control, Stalking, and Guns: Modeling Service Professionals’ Perceived Risk of Potentially Fatal Intimate Partner Gun Violence:

Intimate partner homicides often involve coercive control prior to the murder while stalking following separation has been associated with control within the relationship as well as with lethal vio...
In the Camp of the Saints: Right-Wing Populism in Twenty-First-Century France

The 2016–2017 elections in the United States and Europe left many pundits talking about the possible “Trump effect” on elections in European states. Here, I argue that themes generic to right-wing movements in France have instead made their way to the United States. I discuss briefly the influence of the nationalist movement Action Francaise on the National Front party, and more recently on Steve Bannon, erstwhile advisor to Donald Trump. I draw on fieldwork in France and on social media to describe Les Patriotes, a party that broke away from the National Front in 2017. After discussing the two parties’ shifting messages on immigration and the European Union, the chapter concludes with a discussion on the importance of understanding French nationalist movements when interpreting similar movements in the United States.
Estimation of U.S. patients with cancer who may respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy.

e18228Background: Oncology drug development has shifted away from cytotoxic agents, while they remain widely used in clinical practice. We sought to estimate the proportion of U.S. patients with ad...
Implications of a Retrospective Study on Weight-Based Risk for Post-Tonsillectomy Pain in Children.

Abstract Purpose The purpose was to examine if children experience weight-based risks for post-tonsillectomy pain (PTP) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Design This retrospective correlational cohort design included a sample of 180 children between the ages of 4 to 12 years who had tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy before August 2016; half were obese (OB) or overweight (OW). Methods The sample was obtained from children who had surgery at a large pediatric hospital with an attached outpatient surgical center in North Texas. Children were defined as either OB and OW or non-OB and non-OW based on a cutoff of standardized body mass index z scores of 85th percentile and greater per the National Center for Health Statistics. Pain scores were obtained in the PACU after surgery. Early PTP was defined as the most severe pain experienced by a child in the first 15 minutes after extubation. Prolonged PTP was sustained and uncontrolled pain in the PACU. Findings OB and OW status did not increase the likelihood of experiencing early PTP when examined by multiple logistic regression controlling for covariates (adjusted odds ratio, 1.391; P = .369). OB and OW status was associated with longer episodes of prolonged PTP (rs[178] = 0.16; P = .03). OB and OW children were more likely to experience prolonged PTP in the PACU (χ2[1] = 8.353; P = .004), with these children experiencing an average PTP period twice as long as their peers. Conclusions OB and OW children did experience risk for prolonged PTP, averaging sustained pain for approximately twice as long as other children. The increased risk for prolonged PTP in OB and OW children occurred despite well-managed early PTP with rates that matched those of their peers. No weight-based risk for early PTP was observed. Further research is needed in the area of PTP management in OB and OW children.
Conditioning of 3D Printed Nanoengineered Ionic-Covalent Entanglement Scaffolds with iP-hMSCs Derived Matrix.

Additive manufacturing is a promising method for producing customized three-dimensional (3D) bioactive constructs for regenerative medicine. Here, we report 3D printed highly osteogenic scaffolds using nanoengineered ionic-covalent entanglement ink (NICE) for bone tissue engineering. This NICE ink consists of ionic-covalent entanglement reinforced with Laponite, a two-dimensional (2D) nanosilicate (nSi) clay, allowing for the printing of anatomic-sized constructs with high accuracy. In addition, the 3D printed structure is able to maintain high structural stability in physiological conditions without any significant swelling or deswelling. While the presence of nSi imparts osteoinductive characteristics to the NICE scaffolds, this was further augmented by depositing pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) on the surface of the scaffolds. This was achieved by stimulating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iP-hMSCs) with 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide, a PPARγ inhibitor that enhances Wnt pathway, resulting in the deposition of an ECM characterized by high levels of collagens VI and XII found in anabolic bone. The osteoinductive characteristics of these bioconditioned NICE (bNICE) scaffolds is demonstrated through osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A significant increase in the expression of osteogenic gene markers including bone morphogenic protein-2, osteocalcin and osteopontin was observed on ECM-coated scaffolds compared to bare scaffolds, as well as improved mineralization. This approach of augmenting the bioactivity of 3D printed scaffolds by depositing an anabolic bone ECM will provide a unique strategy to design personalized bone graft geometries for in situ bone regeneration.
Cell division symmetry control and cancer stem cells

Stem cells including cancer stem cells (CSC) divide symmetrically or asymmetrically. Usually symmetric cell division makes two daughter cells of the same fate, either as stem cells or more differentiated progenies; while asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells of different fates. In this review, we first provide an overview of ACD, and then discuss more molecular details of ACD using the well-characterized Drosophila neuroblast system as an example. Aiming to explore the connections between cell heterogeneity in cancers and the critical need of ACD for self-renewal and generating cell diversity, we then examine how cell division symmetry control impacts common features associated with CSCs, including niche competition, cancer dormancy, drug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), and cancer stem cell plasticity. As CSC may underlie resistance to therapy and cancer metastasis, understanding how cell division mode is selected and executed in these cells will provide possible strategies to target CSC.
Update on Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become increasingly prevalent in the United States, and its impact on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes necessitates proper screening, management, and follow up. Although there is a lack of consensus on screening methods for GDM, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) recommends the two-step approach between 24 and 28 weeks. In contrast, the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) recommends a one-step approach. Once the diagnosis of GDM has been made, management may consist of nutritional therapy, alone, or in combination with pharmacologic interventions such as insulin, metformin, or less often, glyburide. Close management is warranted in order to avoid adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, both during delivery and later in life to both mother and infant.
Cooperative binding ensures the obligatory melibiose/Na+ cotransport in MelB

MelB catalyzes the obligatory cotransport of melibiose with Na+, Li+, or H+. Crystal structure determination of the Salmonella typhimurium MelB (MelBSt) has revealed a typical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) fold at a periplasmic open conformation. Cooperative binding of Na+ and melibiose has been previously established. To determine why cotranslocation of sugar solute and cation is obligatory, we analyzed each binding in the thermodynamic cycle using three independent methods, including the determination of melting temperature by circular dichroism spectroscopy, heat capacity change (ΔCp), and regulatory phosphotransferase EIIAGlc binding with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). We found that MelBSt thermostability is increased by either substrate (Na+ or melibiose) and observed a cooperative effect of both substrates. ITC measurements showed that either binary formation yields a positive sign in the ΔCp, suggesting MelBSt hydration and a likely widening of the periplasmic cavity. Conversely, formation of a ternary complex yields negative values in ΔCp, suggesting MelBSt dehydration and cavity closure. Lastly, we observed that EIIAGlc, which has been suggested to trap MelBSt at an outward-open state, readily binds to the MelBSt apo state at an affinity similar to MelBSt/Na+. However, it has a suboptimal binding to the ternary state, implying that MelBSt in the ternary complex may be conformationally distant from the EIIAGlc-preferred outward-facing conformation. Our results consistently support the notion that binding of one substrate (Na+ or melibiose) favors MelBSt at open states, whereas the cooperative binding of both substrates triggers the alternating-access process, thus suggesting this conformational regulation could ensure the obligatory cotransport.
Species of Bureaucracy

Nearly 100 years ago, Max Weber initiated the formal study of bureaucracy. Historians had long appreciated the Roman Empire’s governing skills, which the Papacy inherited and used to control the Christian church of western Europe. By the end of the nineteenth century, characteristic bureaucratic structures had also developed for managing armies, postal services, censuses and vital statistics, supplies of sanitary water and disposal of sewage, railroads and telegraphs, banks and manufactures. Weber called attention to features that these bureaucracies shared: • Organization around a central purpose. • Awareness by all members of this purpose, even if some members are not directly involved with it. • Systematic arraying of authority within a hierarchical structure. • Strict accountability of all members for functions that they perform. • A common set of rules to which all members work.
Gigantiform cementoma of the mandible: case report and literature review

The gigantiform cementoma (GC) is an extremely rare, benign condition of fibro-cemento-osseous origin that is noted in the jaws, more commonly in younger individuals. Both sporadic cases of GC and those with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance have been reported in the English literature. There exists a great deal of overlap and confusion between GC and other benign, reactive or neoplastic fibro-osseous lesions, especially florid cement-osseous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma. The GC typically presents as a multiquadrant, expansile, mixed radiolucent-opaque lesions that frequently cross the midline of the jaws. We report a case of GC in a 41-year-old Haitian female. Clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of this condition are presented, along with criteria to differentiate GC from other fibro-osseous diseases of the jaws. A brief review of the literature with clinical, radiographic findings and treatment recommendation is discussed. Additional cases of GC, as well as further investigation of the genes that may be involved, are needed to further understand this rare entity.
Continuous uplift near the seaward edge of the Prince William Sound megathrust: Middleton Island, Alaska

Middleton Island, located at the seaward edge of the continental shelf 50 km from the base of the inner wall of the Aleutian Trench, affords an opportunity to make land-based measurements of uplift near the toe of the Prince William Sound megathrust, site of the 1964, M = 9.2, Alaska earthquake. Leveling surveys (1973–1993) on Middleton Island indicate roughly uniform tilting (~1 µrad/a down to the northwest) of the island, and GPS surveys (1993–2012) show an uplift rate of 14 mm/a of the island relative to fixed North America. The data are consistent with a combined (coseismic and postseismic) uplift (in meters) due to the 1964 earthquake as a function of time τ (years after the earthquake) u(τ) = (3.5 + 1.21 log10 [1 + 1.67 τ]) H(τ) where 3.5 is the coseismic uplift and H(τ) is 0 for τ < 0 and 1 otherwise. The current uplift on Middleton Island is attributed to continuous slip on a fault splaying off from the megathrust, and the long-term uplift is the superposition of the effects of past earthquakes, each earthquake being similar to the 1964 event. Then, the predicted uplift at time t due to a sequence of earthquakes at times ti would be ∑iut−ti. From studies of strandlines associated with the uplifted terraces on Middleton Island, Plafker et al. (1992) estimated the occurrence times of the last six earthquakes and measured the present-day elevations of those strandlines. The predicted uplift is in rough agreement with those measurements. About half of the predicted uplift is due to postseismic relaxation from previous earthquakes.
Opportunities for Research in Third-Party Logistics

Third-party logistics (3PL), also known as "logistical outsourcing", is expanding from its origins in the 1980s to the point where opportunities for expanded research beyond exploratory investigations are growing. This article traces the history of leading research analysis and suggests that the present state of the field means that it is important to expand and advance it to support the needs of 3PL practitioners. A table describes the topics assessed in 3PL research, along with sample research questions and hypotheses for each. Additional tables give paper counts by journal, by year and topics addressed, all organized around the topics. Opportunities by topic and viewpoints, such as buyer vs. provider, are described, along with possible areas of focus: buyer size and power, buyer industry, buyer production and supply chain strategies, organization level, functional affiliation, length of service, 3PL age, size and services offered, as well as asset- vs. non-asset-based 3PL providers. Conclusions include the need for expanding into more advanced and alternative methodologies.
A critical path selection method for delay testing

An approach for selecting critical paths along which testable path delay faults can exist is presented. The proposed method is particularly helpful on path intensive circuits. Critical paths are selected implicitly with the aid of a combination of decision diagrams. An implicit method to eliminate untestable faults along the selected paths is also presented. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on path intensive ISCAS'85, ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmarks.
Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. Distinction between the "responsive" homozygote and heterozygote at the Ah locus.

Abstract β-Napththoflavone administration induces certain monooxygenase activities, such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[ a ]pyrene) hydroxylase, and cytochrome P 1 -450 formation in the “responsive” C57BL/6 and C3H/He inbred mouse strains, whereas these changes are absent or relatively small in the so-called nonresponsive DBA 2 inbred strain. Dose-response curves—with the use of large numbers of animals of the same age and sex and with either β-naphthoflavone or the much more potent 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin as inducer—reveal a small, but statistically significant, difference in the hydroxylase induction between the C 57 BL 6 J homozygote and the ( C 57 BL 6 J )( DBA 2 J )F 1 heterozygote in liver, kidney, bowel, and lung. The (C3H/HeJ)( DBA 2 J )F 1 heterozygote displays additive inheritance in each of these same tissues.
Mechanisms, procedures, and instruments to detect faults and defects of electro-optical oceanic cable arrays in SSW vs. FW

All marine cable systems must be immersion tested prior to final delivery. Selecting and determining the tests and environments is a compromise between risk and consequence of early system mortality versus the cost and time of the testing. Reasons, methods, and instruments for insulation resistance testing in natural seawater or simulated seawater vs. natural or fresh water in hydropressure and/or soak tanks are discussed here. Voltmeters, ohmmeters, and meggers detect and locate two general models of electrical faults. Detection, failure analyses, and a novel method of freezing to determine defect location are also presented.
Developing a Measurement Program for Software Product Lines

Product line management should use measurement to anticipate the future rather than to simply record the past. The benefit and value of software measurement for product lines comes from the decisions and actions taken to support the product line in response to analysis of the data, not from the collection of the data. Addressing this management need is the primary goal of this tutorial.