cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a human T-lymphocyte-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

We have examined the biologic and physical properties of a human T- lymphocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The source of the factor is a T-lymphoblast cell line (Mo) that was derived from a patient with a T-cell variant of hairy-cell leukemia. The Mo line constitutively produces a number of lymphokines that are normally produced by mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Medium conditioned by Mo cells grown in the absence of serum is especially rich in CSF activity, and using this source we have purified the CSF to a specific activity of about 3.5 x 10(6) colonies per 10(5) Ficoll-Hypaque-separated human bone marrow cells plated per mg protein. The Mo CSF stimulates the formation of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies in vitro (in about equal numbers) and it has a relatively steep dose-response curve. Both the crude and purified preparations stimulated the formation of eosinophil as well as neutrophil colonies; it is unclear whether this is due to the presence of multiple factors with similar physical properties or a single factor with multiple activities. The CSF has little stimulating activity for mouse bone marrow progenitors. Physically, the Mo CSF is an acidic glycoprotein of molecular weight about 34,000. It binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose, is unusually resistant to denaturing agents and heat treatment, and is not inactivated in the presence of sulfhydryl reagents. The Mo CSF is distinct from factors stimulating erythroid colony formation and inhibiting neutrophil migration that are also produced by Mo cells. It differs in several physical and biologic properties from other human CSFs that have been characterized.
A study of MEG in the TLE model induced by Kainite acid

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and value of magnetoencephalogram(MEG)in temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)beagle model induced by kainite acid(KA).Methods:KA was microinjected into unilateral hippocampus of beagles.The behavior observation,EEG,MRI,histopathological studies were performed,focusing on the MEG result.Results:The dog models of TLE by KA were successfully established.The seizure occurrence,the epileptic discharge,the MRI and histopathological change was steady.The MEG result was in conformity with the disciplinary change.Conclusion:It an effective method for the research of TLE to establish the animal model of TLE.The model proves to be valuable in basic MEG study.
THE SHORTCOMINGS AND IMPROVEMENT MEASURES OF FIXED ASSETS ACCOUNTING IN HOSPITAL

With the development of the Chinese medical service industry,the proportion of fixed assets in hospital total assets is becoming heavier.The correct fixed assets accounting directly related to the reality,accuracy and fairness in the whole accounting information.This paper put forward some specific improvement measures for the hospital fixed assets accounting,reflect the scale,the level of new or old conditions and the practical value of the hospital fixed assets,and so as to improve the objectivity and reliability of the accounting statements.
Effect of Centrifugal Pump on Blood Platelet Functions during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of centrifugal pump on blood platelet functions during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in children. METHODS Twenty children with complex congenital heart diseases scheduled for open-heart surgery with CPB were randomized to be perfused with either a centrifugal pump (n=10) or a roller pump (n=10). Blood samples were obtained for determination of platelet count, platelet guanosine monophosphate-140(GMP-140), thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α(6-keto-PGF 1α)before anesthesia, at the end of CPB and 24 hr after CPB. RESULTS There were no significant differences in preoperative or intraoperative parameters, including CPB time, cross-clamping time and minimum nasopharyngeal temperature. The reduction in platelet count at T2 in both groups were similar. In both groups platelet GMP-140 levels were significantly increased at T2, with the roller pump group being more elevated when compared with the centrifugal pump group (P0.05). The increase of TXB 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1αlevels was greater in the roller pump group at T2 (P0.05). Chest drainage in the centrifugal pump group was remarkably lower than that of the roller pump group (P0.05). There were no difference between the two groups in blood product requirements and duration of intensive care. CONCLUSION The centrifugal pump alleviated the platelet activation during bypass compared with the roller pump. However, there was no clinical evidence for the superiority of the centrifugal pump.
Diagnosis study of diaphragmatic muscle fatigue in children with pneumonia

Objective To understand the value of the electric impedance respirograph(IRG) detection in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic muscle fatigue(DMF) with pneumonia.To study the correlation between diaphragmatic muscle fatigue and respiratory failure with pneumonia.Methods 126 cases of pneumonia and 60 cases of normal children were studied with ZK-VI type intelligence electric impedance respirograph to measure diaphragmatic function.According to the changes of chest-abdominal curve in one-dimensional chart,and the changes of M value and α angle,the degree of the diaphragmatic muscle fatigue was decided.Results There were 98 cases of DMF in 126 children with pneumonia.There were significant differences in mean(SD) T/C radio between group with DMF (DMF type Ⅰ:(46.1±8.4)%;DMF type Ⅱ:(17.2±3.2)% respectively and normal controls(4.3±1.0)%(P0.01);α angle DFM type Ⅰ:(136.7±12.0)°;DMF type Ⅱ:(48.2±9.5)° respectively and normal controls(31.7±5.2)°(P0.01).The degree of DMF was positive related with the clinical diagnosis of respiratory failure,but negative with the age.Conclusion IRG is a very valuable diagnostic method for DMF of pneumonia.There is a significant correlation between DMF and respiratory failure.
Buckling of Axially Compressed Conical Shells

The buckling of a truncated elastic conical shell subjected to an axial compression is a classical problem in shell structures. The paper reinvestigates the buckling of an axially compressed truncated conical shell with rigid bulkheads. Two improvements are achieved. First, the condition that the total horizontal displacement must vanish due to rigid bulkhead and axisymmetry is treated as a constraint. This constraint is incorporated into the system through the use of the Lagrange multiplier; then the variational method is used to derive a complete set of boundary conditions for conical shells. Second, the stability is evaluated in the deformed state using the asymptotic solutions of the pair of Donnell-type equations for axisymmetric configuration. The results indicate that the buckling strength of conical shells depends mainly on the condition of the smaller end. In addition to the vertex angle, the distance ratio plays, at least, an equally important role.
Radiolysis and Hydrolysis of TRUEX-NPH solvent.

The TRUEX solvent extraction process separates transuranic (TRU) elements from aqueous nitrate and chloride solutions. During contact with high-level wastes, which may be highly radioactive and highly acidic, the radiolysis and hydrolysis ofTRUEX-NPH solvent can affect the process not only by destroying the extractant CMPO in the solvent, but also by generating products of CMPO destruction, some of which are powerful extractants at low acidities and can prevent the stripping of Am and Pu from solvent that is to be recycled. To provide an experimental basis from which mathematical expressions of these effects could be derived, samples of solvent were degraded by radiolysis and hydrolysis while in contact with acidic aqueous solutions. Following this treatment, the distribution of americium between degraded solvent and aqueous HNO3 was used as a measure of the extent of degradation. Mathematical expressions were derived to represent the distribution coefficient, DAm, as a function of hydrolysis time and/or radiation dose. Assumptions about the dependence of DAm on CMPO concentration were used to derive expressions for the hydrolysis rate for CMPO and also to calculate values of radiation chemical yield for CMPO radiolysis. Also experimentally investigated were changes in acidity of both the aqueous and organic phasesmore » as functions of contact time, the effects of a carbonate wash in removing acidic degradation products that function as extractants at low acidities, and changes in compositions of some of the aqueous and organic phases during contact.« less
Labour’s Tribulations (from May 1979)

THE General Election of May 1979 was followed a few weeks later, in June, by the first election of members of the European Parliament. For this purpose, the country was divided into only 81 seats, or 78 excluding Northern Ireland. So far as Labour was concerned, the results were very disappointing. Many supporters took the view that the European Parliament should be boycotted, and so there were widespread abstentions. The average poll was light, and Labour with only 33 per cent of the total took only 17 of the 78 British seats. Of the remainder, 60 were won by the Conservatives and one by a Scottish Nationalist. In these large constituencies the Liberals were unable to obtain a single seat. Barbara Castle was elected Leader of the Labour Group, which devoted itself to opposing increases in agricultural prices and to pressing for greater expenditure on regional and social policies.
Evaluating the value of high spatial resolution in national capacity expansion models using ReEDS

Power sector capacity expansion models (CEMs) have a broad range of spatial resolutions. This paper uses the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model, a longterm national scale electric sector CEM, to evaluate the value of high spatial resolution for CEMs. ReEDS models the United States with 134 load balancing areas (BAs) and captures the variability in existing generation parameters, future technology costs, performance, and resource availability using very high spatial resolution data, especially for wind and solar modeled at 356 resource regions. In this paper we perform planning studies at three different spatial resolutions-native resolution (134 BAs), state-level, and NERC region level-and evaluate how results change under different levels of spatial aggregation in terms of renewable capacity deployment and location, associated transmission builds, and system costs. The results are used to ascertain the value of high geographically resolved models in terms of their impact on relative competitiveness among renewable energy resources.
Delayed Neuromyelitis Optica Masqueraded as Post Viral Encephalomyelitis (P6.159)

OBJECTIVE To present a rare case of neuromyelitis optica masqueraded as post-VZV encephalomyelitis BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS primarily affecting spinal cord and optic nerves. Traditionally considered as a monophasic event consisted of bilateral simultaneous optic neuritis and acute myelitis, NMO spectrum can present as a relapsing disorder. DESIGN/METHOD Case report. RESULTS/CASE DESCRIPTION A 22 year old man presented with confusion, nystagmus, and ataxic gait. He reported shingles in the left trigeminal nerve distribution and post HSV gastroparesis 3 months prior to presentation. Brain MRI demonstrated multiple bilateral contrast enhancing lesions in the white and gray matter. CSF study showed lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein level. Bilateral supraclinoid stenosis was seen in catheter based cerebral angiography suggesting vasculitis. His laboratory tests for HIV, Lyme, RPR/FTA, lupus and ANA panels, ESR/CRP were negative. The serum VZV IgG was high, however CSF VZV IgG and CMV, HSV and VZV PCR were negative. Patient received intravenous steroid and acyclovir for possible post VZV encephalomyelitis and had clinical improvement. Approximately 2 months later, he presented with left sided weakness and hemisensory deficit. Brain MRI showed new contrast enhancing lesions in the right thalamus and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Cervical spine MRI revealed extensive contrast enhancing lesion extending from the brainstem to the C5 level. Considering pathognomonic cervical involvement, NMO was high on differential diagnosis. Aquaporin-4 antibody (NMO antibody) was checked 3 times which all reported as negative. Patient remained clinically stable for the next few months. Later, he developed full blown optic neuritis on the left eye required 5 day course of IV steroid and plasmapheresis. His NMO antibody test at this point turned positive. He is currently receiving Rituximab for NMO disease. CONCLUSIONS Viral infection can be the triggering mechanism for the development of NMO disease. Disclosure: Dr. Rothstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Majidi has nothing to disclose.
Fostering Multiple Goals in Farm to School

In the United States, the farm to school movement has recently spread from fringe and grassroots to mainstream. As schools expand their participation, there is a rapidly growing demand to scale up food distribution. Yet, in the rush to support “farm” and “school,” the supply chain, made up of the aggregation, processing, distribution, and logistics services, has been overlooked. Paying attention to the ways in which the standard model is incongruent with goals of the movement incites possibilities for new types of supply chain that reorient from profit and efficiency toward regional economy and transparency. This article elucidates a cooperative framework consisting of three primary aims: sustain the values of the movement; successfully scale up food distribution, expanding access to local, nutritious food; and support the negotiations needed to achieve individual and collective goals. This university/community collaboration evinces the great potential for cooperatives to play a significant role in future supply chain partnerships.
Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome, and determining risk factors and treatment depends on the specific pathogenesis of stroke. Risk factors for stroke can be categorized as modifiable and nonmodifiable. Age, sex, and race/ethnicity are nonmodifiable risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, while hypertension, smoking, diet, and physical inactivity are among some of the more commonly reported modifiable risk factors. More recently described risk factors and triggers of stroke include inflammatory disorders, infection, pollution, and cardiac atrial disorders independent of atrial fibrillation. Single-gene disorders may cause rare, hereditary disorders for which stroke is a primary manifestation. Recent research also suggests that common and rare genetic polymorphisms can influence risk of more common causes of stroke, due to both other risk factors and specific stroke mechanisms, such as atrial fibrillation. Genetic factors, particularly those with environmental interactions, may be more modifiable than previously recognized. Stroke prevention has generally focused on modifiable risk factors. Lifestyle and behavioral modification, such as dietary changes or smoking cessation, not only reduces stroke risk, but also reduces the risk of other cardiovascular diseases. Other prevention strategies include identifying and treating medical conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, that increase stroke risk. Recent research into risk factors and genetics of stroke has not only identified those at risk for stroke but also identified ways to target at-risk populations for stroke prevention.
Computer extracted nuclear features from tumor and benign regions of Feulgen and H&E images to help predict recurrence in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy.

e16556Background: Following radical prostatectomy, around 30% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). H&E highlights nuclear morphology and Feulgen reflects nucle...
Shahri Jat and Pahari Jatni: Gendered Ethnicity in an Urbanizing Jat Village in North India

This paper discusses women’s changing roles in Shahargaon - a rapidly urbanizing Jat village in New Delhi, India. The paper traces the change in women’s identity and roles in the context of shift i...
A novel bit-level characterization methodology to benchmark the FinFET based SRAM performance under the influence of leakage current

Presence of any erroneous leakage current source, due to any intrinsic or extrinsic device failure, can severely impact the 6-Transistor (6T) SRAM performance. This study introduces a ‘Pseudo-Leakage’ (PL) current source in the SRAM 6T circuit and takes a pragmatic approach to analyze the possible impact on the SRAM performance matrices which are affected by such leakage issues. All key factors such as SRAM static noise margin (SNM), cell driving current (Icell) and ‘high’ (‘1’) node voltage stability are studied in this work. Finally, the SRAM speed and the crucial SNM Initial-operation-Voltage (SNMIV) are estimated in the presence of such leakage source.
Vehicular dynamics based plausibility checking

Accurate location information is essential to many vehicular communication based services that depend on accurate position reports sent by vehicles using the road. However, falsified position reports can cause a range of disruptions varying from efficiency of the road network to highly coordinated malicious attacks. In this paper, we present a high fidelity vehicular dynamics dependent method to check for plausibility of position reports and flag their anomalies. Our anomaly detection system uses simulations based on physics of vehicular motion of the transmitting vehicle and physical characteristics of the track such as curvature, length and traction to determine incorrect position reports. Our experiments show that combining knowledge of road geometry and vehicular dynamics, we can achieve 90% detection rate for position implausibilities, 2.7% false positives rate for lateral acceleration errors and also false negative rates of 27.7% and 30% for lateral and longitudinal accelerations respectively.
Relations of Peripheral Action Potentials and Cortical Evoked Potentials to the Magnitude of Sensation

The magnitude of sensation is related to the stimulus according to Stevens’ psychophysical “power” law Ψ = k(φ − φ 0) n . Peripheral action potentials and central electric responses have both been examined for a possible parallelism. According to Mountcastle, somatosensory receptors impose the power law on the number or the frequency of impulses in the primary sensory neurons and higher-order neurons respond linearly to this input. Davis, however, found poor correspondence in auditory nerve of guinea pig, using number of active fibers as the measure.
AutoJoin: Generalizing an Example into an EDM query

This paper describes an implemented method to generalize an example tutor interaction into a query to retrieve similarly related sets of events. It infers WHERE clauses to equate repeated values unlikely to match by accident. The Session Browser [1] shown in Figure 1 is an EDM tool to view data retrieved by querying a database of events logged by a tutor. It displays retrieved events in a context tree of enclosing events, with a 1-line summary of the database record for each event. Figure 1: Event context tree highlighting two events selected by the user to AutoJoin This brief example occurred in an activity to teach children to ask themselves questions about the text they read. The first highlighted event summarizes a child’s multiple-choice response to a prompt to fill in the rest of a question about the text. The second event describes the child’s spoken response to a prompt to speak the completed question aloud. Often we want a query to retrieve examples similar to a current example. Complex queries are hard to construct, so we developed AutoJoin to generate them automatically. AutoJoin generalizes the two highlighted events into a query that finds “similar” cases, in this case a multiple choice step immediately followed by a free-form response step: SELECT * FROM multiple_choice_question mcq, sentence_encounter se WHERE mcq.activity_directory = se.activity_directory /* '..\data\stories\PROTOTYPE Country Mouse auto-questions new split screen' */ AND mcq.end_time = se.step_start_time /* '20090331103359' (03/31/2009 10:33:59 AM) */ AND mcq.machine_name = se.machine_name /* 'LISTEN07-211' */ AND mcq.story_encounter_start_time = se.story_encounter_start_time /* '20090331102336' (03/31/2009 10:23:36 AM) */ AND mcq.user_id = se.user_id /* 'mKJ9-5-2001-07-23' */; (The example here is simple for brevity; AutoJoin can generalize from more events too.) AutoJoin constructs a query as a join of the tables where the selected events were logged. It abbreviates each table by its initials, e.g. multiple_choice_question as mcq and infers WHERE clauses by equating field values that show up more than once in those events. The comments, in green, show which values it abstracted into variables; they help the user understand the query and fix over-generalizations easily by uncommenting.
Methods of Statistical Physics

This graduate-level textbook on thermal physics covers classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and its applications. It describes theoretical methods to calculate thermodynamic properties, such as the equation of state, specific heat, Helmholtz free energy, magnetic susceptibility and phase transitions of macroscopic systems. In addition to the more standard material covered, this book also describes powerful techniques, which are not found elsewhere, to determine the correlation effects on which the thermodynamic properties are based. Particular emphasis is given to the cluster variation method and a novel formulation is developed for its expression in terms of correlation functions. Although a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics is required, the mathematical formulations are accessible and entirely self-contained. The book will therefore constitute an ideal companion text for graduate students studying courses on the theory of complex analysis, classical mechanics, classical electrodynamics, and quantum mechanics.
Effect of Supplemental Instruction on student success

Supplemental instruction (SI) was developed in the late 1970s but many institutions still do not realize academic benefits of this program. The analysis of the data collected at a large public research university in the Midwest, demonstrated that the final course grade for all three courses is higher for SI-participants than for non-participants. At the same time, the SI participants on average have lower ACT score than the non-participants. Moreover, the final course grade positively correlates with the number of SI sessions attended meaning that the more SI sessions the students attend the higher grade they receive for the course.
The impacts of family treatment drug court on child welfare core outcomes: A meta-analysis

Abstract Background Substance abuse has been prevalent among caregivers involved in child welfare and is a major barrier to their achieving favorable outcomes. Family Treatment Drug Courts (FTDCs) have been viewed as one of the most promising interventions but research has reported mixed effects on child welfare outcomes. No meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the findings to reach a more generalizable conclusion. Objective The meta-analysis synthesized findings from existing evaluations to examine whether and to what extent FTDC participants achieved better reunification and safety outcomes than non-participants. Participants and Setting Among 17 identified studies dated from 2004 to 2018, the pooled sample subjects in the intervention and comparison groups were 3402 and 3683 for the 16 studies on reunification outcomes, and 842 and 632 for the eight studies on child safety outcomes. Methods We first estimated the FTDCs’ pooled effects on child reunification and safety outcomes. Furthermore, we conducted a series of subgroup meta-analysis to compare FTDCs’ effects across study and program characteristics. Results Subjects participating in FTDCs were substantially more likely to achieve reunification (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.38, 2.22) without increasing the risk of subsequent foster care reentry or maltreatment re-report. Subgroup meta-analysis suggests factors such as research design, FTDC model, observation length, publication type and period may contribute to FTDCs’ disparities on reunification outcomes. Conclusions The synthesized findings strengthen evidence for the implementation and expansion of FTDCs for serving substance abusing caregivers in the child welfare system.
An International Effort to Build Leadership Capacity: Insights from the First Cohort of Educational Administration at the College of the Bahamas

In the past several decades, the United States and other countries around the globe have witnessed and participated in unprecedented efforts to interconnect culturally, economically, and socially. As the process of globalization continues to unfold, research questions about educational leadership, that at one time seemed complete within the context of the United States, have now evolved into lines of inquiry that may or may not translate within another nation’s educational delivery system. Such is the case when considering educational leadership in The Bahamas. The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn what motivated students to enroll in the first formal training program in educational administration in the history of The Bahamas. This research considers the intersections of motivation, career paths, and educational histories of those who live and work in schools in this young nation. Not only does little research exist on student characteristics in educational leadership, there is negligible research on The Bahamian educational delivery system. Because this research focuses on Bahamian educators’ motivations to enter a training program for school administrators, it is important to understand, in general, the history and culture of the Bahamanian educational system, which currently does not require any formal training for its school administrators.
Production dynamics reveal hidden overharvest of inland recreational fisheries

Recreational fisheries are valued at $190B globally and constitute the predominant way in which people use wild fish stocks in developed countries, with inland systems contributing the main fraction of recreational fisheries. Although inland recreational fisheries are thought to be highly resilient and self-regulating, the rapid pace of environmental change is increasing the vulnerability of these fisheries to overharvest and collapse. Here we directly evaluate angler harvest relative to the biomass production of individual stocks for a major inland recreational fishery. Using an extensive 28-y dataset of the walleye (Sander vitreus) fisheries in northern Wisconsin, United States, we compare empirical biomass harvest (Y) and calculated production (P) and biomass (B) for 390 lake year combinations. Production overharvest occurs when harvest exceeds production in that year. Biomass and biomass turnover (P/B) declined by ∼30 and ∼20%, respectively, over time, while biomass harvest did not change, causing overharvest to increase. Our analysis revealed that ∼40% of populations were production-overharvested, a rate >10× higher than estimates based on population thresholds often used by fisheries managers. Our study highlights the need to adapt harvest to changes in production due to environmental change.
Dietary patterns associated with dental caries in adults in the United States.

Objectives Dental caries experience, which affects 91% of US adults, is a consequence of a carious process influenced by diet. Although individual foods have been implicated, we hypothesized that dietary patterns might be important predictors of caries presence. Methods We analysed data from 4467 people ≥18 years old participating in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sample of the US population. Data from 24-hour dietary recalls were classified into standard food categories and reduced to three dietary patterns using principal components (PCs) analysis. We used regression to model the log-transformed decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score and the prevalence of any caries experience by quartiles of PC scores, controlling for potential confounders. Dietary patterns differed by age with respect to dental caries so 18-30-year-olds (n = 1074) and >30-year-olds (n = 3393) were analysed separately. Results Similar dietary patterns existed among individuals aged 18-30 and >30 years, but the prevalence of DMFT score >0 and the median of DMFT was greater in those >30:78.7% (95% CI: 76.1, 81.3) vs 92.6% (95% CI: 91.4, 93.7) and 4 (95% CI: 4, 5) vs 12 DMFT (95% CI: 11, 13), respectively. In those 18-30, no dietary pattern was associated with greater prevalence or severity of dental caries experience. Among those >30, the prevalence of DMFT>0 was higher by 2% for those in each subsequent quartile of a diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages and sandwiches (adjusted PR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.03)-thus, the prevalence of dental caries experience was 6% higher among those in the uppermost quartile than in the lowest quartile. For every subsequent quartile in the same pattern, there was a 1.98% higher (95% CI: 0.15, 3.85) DMFT score. However, analysis using the two strongest loading food groups from any of the PCs did not identify any predictors of caries experience. Conclusions Dietary patterns were associated with the prevalence of dental caries experience, with differing findings by age. Although effect sizes were small, the population impact may be substantial. While food groups high in sugar were associated with caries prevalence and severity, associations were more apparent in the context of overall diet. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether particular dietary patterns are causally related to the development of dental caries.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN KURDISTAN

Formal education can be a mechanism for increasing social tolerance, political transparency and cultural integration; thus, a discussion of the relationship between political and social instability and resultant struggle with comprehensive educational reform in Kurdistan is timely. This chapter, written by the two university presidents of the only American-style not-for-profit institutions in Kurdistan/Iraq, narrates the challenges the authors face in bringing high-quality education to a region of the world confronting civil unrest, continual violence and economic turmoil.
On the mesh resolution of industrial LES based on the DNS of flow over the T106C turbine

A high-order Navier-Stokes solver based on the flux reconstruction (FR) or the correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) formulation is employed to perform a direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulations (LES) of a well-known benchmark problem – transitional flow over the low-pressure T106C turbine cascade. Hp-refinement studies are carried out to assess the resolution requirement. A 4th order (p3) simulation on the fine mesh is performed with a DNS resolution to establish a "converged" solution, including the mean pressure and skin-friction distributions, and the power spectral density in the wake. Then LES on the coarse and fine meshes with lower order schemes are conducted to assess the mesh and order dependence of the solution. In particular, we study the error in the transition location, the mean skin-friction distribution, and the mean lift and drag coefficients. These h- and p-refinement studies provide a much-needed guideline in h- and p- resolutions to achieve a certain level of accuracy for industrial LES applications.
Chapter 17 – Pulse Doppler Radar

Publisher Summary This chapter throws light on the pulse Doppler radar. Doppler shifts are a key part of the detection and tracking of objects. For this reason, nearly all radar systems incorporate Doppler processing. It has been working since the ground returns are at the same range as the vehicle, the difference in velocity is the means of discrimination using Doppler measurements. It may be caused by a frequency shift called the Doppler Effect. Although we cannot sense this, the light waves are affected in the same way as the sound waves. The description has also revealed that the radar is ground-based and then all Doppler frequency shifts are due to the target object motion. If the radar is vehicle- or airborne-based, then the Doppler frequency shifts are due to the relative motion between the radar and target object. Target ranges, velocities, azimuths, and elevations may cross over each other. These changes need to be interpolated into a trajectory that can be matched to a specific target. Using radar digital signal processing followed by software-enabled target identification, tracking, monitoring, and classification, the radar system can automate all these functions.
Machine learning in composites manufacturing: A case study of Automated Fiber Placement inspection

Abstract The large-scale adoption of composite materials in industry has allowed for a greater freedom in design and function of structures and their respective components. However, the freedom of material choice has resulted in increased complexity in manufacturing. Machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are currently being explored for a number of advanced manufacturing applications, and their applicability has begun to extend into the composites manufacturing realm. In this document, a comprehensive overview of machine learning applications in composites manufacturing will be presented with discussions on a novel inspection software developed for the Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process at the University of South Carolina utilizing an ML vision system. This vision system allows for defect data to be fully integrated into the manufacturing process, allowing for the ML inspection system to influence several chains in the composites product lifecycle management.
Rethinking Profit-Maximization in Second-Degree Price Discriminating Markets

Standard models of indirect price discrimination generate a separating equilibrium in which all consumers choose bundles on their demand curves. Low-demand consumers voluntarily choose to pay a higher unit price for small quantities because the discount is offered by the monopolist at prohibitively high quantity. These models implicitly assume the low-demand consumer would purchase the higher quantity at the discounted price if the quantity requirement were set at a low quantity, but rational monopoly pricing avoids this. We show that it is possible for a monopolist to offer price/quantity bundles that induce each consumer to choose voluntarily the one preferred by the monopolist for her where each bundle is above the respective consumer’s demand curve. The primary theoretical results include greater profits for the firm and greater total efficiency as output more closely approaches the socially optimal level in both market segments. Resolving an ambiguity from earlier research on price discrimination, the model also unequivocally demonstrates that consumer surplus is reduced. An important implication of the monopolist constraining consumption to be above the demand curve for her product is that she has effectively reduced the demand for some subset of other goods and services the consumers purchase.
Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty for Cam-type Femoroacetabular Impingement: Cortical–Cancellous Sclerotic Boundary Guides Resection Depth

Hip arthroscopy and femoral osteochondroplasty are commonly used in the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Determining the correct resection depth of the femoral head-neck cam lesion intraoperatively can be challenging. Both inadequate resection and over-resection may result in complications, underlying the importance of using a consistent and accurate technique when resecting and reshaping the proximal femur. Osseous resection to a depth of the subchondral cortical-cancellous bone margin in individuals with FAI has been shown to restore proximal femoral anatomy to within submillimeter differences when compared with control subjects without FAI. This bony boundary may be used as an intraoperative guide to consistently achieve appropriate resection depth. The sclerotic margin indicating the extent of the cam-type deformity can be evaluated with preoperative radiographs and recreated fluoroscopically, giving the surgeon a reliable intraoperative template. In addition, changes in clinical appearance during arthroscopy, particularly identification of the underlying trabecular structure at the cortical-cancellous border during resection, provides a visible, reliable intraoperative guide to resection depth.
Exact solution of partial differential equations for the creation of jet-like flows in plasmas and neutral fluids

An exact solution of two fluid ideal classical plasma equations is presented which shows that the one-dimensional jet-like axial outflow and two-dimensional magnetic field are generated simultaneously by the density and temperature gradients of both electrons and ions in cylindrical geometry. Particular profiles of density function ψ = ln n ¯ (where n ¯ is normalized by some constant density N0) and temperatures Tj (for j = e , i ) have to be chosen to obtain an exact solution of the complicated nonlinear partial differential equations. But this is a natural analytical exact solution of the ideal two fluid plasma equations. The basic mechanism presented here explains the creation of plasma jet-like flows along with magnetic fields in astrophysical environments such as young stellar objects, active galactic nuclei, solar spicules, flares, and coronal loops. The theoretical model is also applicable to laser induced plasma where magnetic field and plasma ablation are produced simultaneously. An exact analytical solution of ideal neutral fluid equations is also presented which shows that the jet-like outflows can be generated by the density and temperature gradients in such systems.
Joint Warfare Centre (JWC)

This chapter looks at the JWC and how it prepares for major NATO exercises, and the way that it assesses military formations as they go through a rigorous exercise in preparation for assuming NRF status. Likewise, it looks at conducting battle staff training in the lead up to the major exercise and hosts a series of planning sessions moving toward those events.
The Dental Squad

This chapter discusses the role of dental care professionals (DCPs) and, especially, the transformation of females in dentistry. Teamwork, skill mix, and the importance of human resources planning are underlined. Direct access to some DCPs is noted. Also, it is pointed out that unmet oral healthcare needs present problems in several Member States.
“Cleaner” shrimps?

In the western North Atlantic, some shrimps of the genusPericlimenes interact with fishes. Accoring to prevailing wisdom, these shrimps “clean” the fishes (i.e. they remove parasites, diseased tissue, or detritus from their exposed surfaces). With one exception, the numerous literature entries recite anecdotal evidence. The only report based on empirical studies has dismissed the notion that “cleaner” shrimps perform the services attributed to them, leaving the nature of the relationship unresolved.
Neighborhood-Level LGBT Hate Crimes and Bullying Among Sexual Minority Youths: A Geospatial Analysis.

The goal of this study was to evaluate a novel measure of environmental risk factors for bullying among sexual minority youths. Data on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) assault hate crimes were obtained from police records, geocoded, and then linked to individual-level data on bullying and sexual orientation from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset (N = 1,292; 108 sexual minorities). RESULTS indicated that sexual minority youths who reported relational and electronic bullying were more likely to reside in neighborhoods with higher LGBT assault hate crime rates. There was no association between LGBT assault hate crimes and bullying among heterosexual youths, providing evidence for specificity to sexual minority youth. Moreover, no relationships were observed between sexual minority bullying and neighborhood-level violent and property crimes, indicating that the results were specific to LGBT assault hate crimes. Language: en
WE-EF-207-06: Dedicated Cone-Beam Breast CT with Laterally-Shifted Detector: Monte Carlo Evaluation of X-Ray Scatter Distribution and Scatter-To-Primary Ratio

Purpose: To determine the spatial distribution of x-ray scatter and scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) in projections during cone-beam breast CT (CBBCT) with laterally-shifted detector that results in coronal (fan-angle) truncation. Methods: We hypothesized that CBBCT with coronal truncation would lower SPR due to reduction in irradiated breast volume, and that the location of maximum x-ray scatter fluence (scatter-peak) in the detector plane can be determined from the ratio of irradiated-to-total breast volume, breast dimensions and system geometry. Monte Carlo simulations (GEANT4) reflecting a prototype CBBCT system were used to record the position-dependent primary and scatter x-ray photon fluence incident on the detector without coronal truncation (full fan-angle, 2f=24-degrees) and with coronal truncation (fan-angle, f+ f=12+2.7-degrees). Semi-ellipsoidal breasts (10/14/18-cm diameter, chest-wall to nipple length: 0.75xdiameter, 2%/14%/100% fibroglandular content) aligned with the axis-of-rotation (AOR) were modeled. Mono-energy photons were simulated and weighted for 2 spectra (49kVp, 1.4-mm Al HVL; 60kVp, 3.76-mm Al HVL). In addition to SPR, the scatter maps were analyzed to identify the location of the scatter-peak. Results: For CBBCT without fan-angle truncation, the scatter-peaks were aligned with the projection of the AOR onto the detector for all breasts. With truncated fan-beam, the scatter-peaks were laterally-shifted from the projection of the AOR along the fan-angle direction by 14/38/70-pixels for 10/14/18-cm diameter breasts. The corresponding theoretical shifts were 14.8/39.7/68-pixels (p=0.47, 2-tailed paired-ratio t-test). Along the cone-angle, the shift in scatter-peaks between truncated and full-fan angle CBBCT were 2/2/4 -pixels for 10/14/18-cm diameter breasts. CBBCT with fan-angle truncation reduced SPR by 14/22/28% for 10/14/18-cm diameter breasts. 60kVp reduced SPR by 21–25% compared to 49kVp. Peak SPR for CBBCT with fan-angle truncation (60kVp) were 0.09/0.25/0.73 for 10/14/18-cm diameter breasts. Conclusion: CBBCT with laterally-shifted detector geometry and with appropriate kVp/beam quality reduces SPR. If residual scatter needs correction, the location corresponding to scatter-peak can be analytically computed. This work was supported in part by NIH R01 CA128906. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the official views of the NIH or NCI.
Active constrained clustering by examining spectral eigenvectors

This work focuses on the active selection of pairwise constraints for spectral clustering. We develop and analyze a technique for Active Constrained Clustering by Examining Spectral eigenvectorS (ACCESS) derived from a similarity matrix. The ACCESS method uses an analysis based on the theoretical properties of spectral decomposition to identify data items that are likely to be located on the boundaries of clusters, and for which providing constraints can resolve ambiguity in the cluster descriptions. Empirical results on three synthetic and five real data sets show that ACCESS significantly outperforms constrained spectral clustering using randomly selected constraints.
A new approach to model switched reluctance motor drive application to dynamic performance prediction, control and design

In this paper a new model for the switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on phase currents as state variables is presented. Position dependency of the phase inductance is represented by a limited number of Fourier series terms and the nonlinear variation of the inductance with phase current is expressed by means of polynomial functions. The coefficients of the terms in the Fourier series are determined by the aligned position inductance, the unaligned position inductance and the inductance at the midway point from the aligned position. The main advantage of the proposed model is that it requires minimum amount of measurements and predicts the complete dynamic performance of the drive system, viz., constant torque, constant power and natural mode regions. Any type of control strategy can be incorporated in the simulation. A low-voltage, high current SRM drive has been simulated and the results are validated by comparing with finite element and experimental results.
The Gel’fand-Levitan Method in the Inverse Scattering Problem

A wave packet of quantum mechanical particles develops in time according to the Schrodinger equation $$ I{\partial _t}{\psi _t} = H{\psi _t}. $$
The social media revolution.

Background The growing popularity and use of social media tools such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, blogging, and wikis have led to a social media revolution. Given this widespread influence, it is important for educators, administrators, and technologists to understand the risks of using social media in the classroom and workplace. Objective To investigate popular social media sites and their effect on radiologic technology education and business practices. Method A comprehensive search of literature was performed to examine social media and its applications in education, health care, and business. Results Social media use is on the rise, affecting all aspects of mainstream society. Leaders in the radiologic sciences should be familiar with social media and cognizant of its risks. Conclusion Future studies regarding social media use in the radiologic sciences are necessary to determine its effect on the radiologic science community.
Compromiso y distanciamiento en La Venus de Ferrara de Mariana de Carvajal Saavedra

Las tramas de cortejo de Navidades de Madrid (1663) de Mariana de Carvajal ponen en juego una racionalidad senorial compatible con la teoria de la sociogenesis propuesta por el sociologo Norbert Elias. En la primera novela de la coleccion de Carvajal, La Venus de Ferrara, se nota la presencia de varias precondiciones necesarias para el florecimiento de la sociedad cortesana: la pacificacion interna del estado, la interdependencia de sus subditos y la profesionalizacion de la nobleza. El pormenorizado marco escenico de La Venus de Ferrara subraya los valores simbolicos de la elite de la corte austriaca mientras que su trama bigeneracional de cortejo y matrimonio anatomiza sistematicamente el habitus —concepto clave para Elias— nobiliario.
EBV+ lymphoproliferative disease following prolonged chemotherapy for refractory LCH

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus for which latent infection in B lymphocytes occurs in most individuals by middle childhood. Clinically significant reactivation of this virus occurs in the context of suppressed cell-mediated immunity, occasionally developing into lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD). EBV reactivation is rarely associated with intensive chemotherapy alone. Here we present the case of a 4-year-old female who developed EBV-LPD as a complication of prolonged immunosuppressive chemotherapy for her multiply-recurrent Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).