cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Partial Exchange Transfusion in Sickle Cell Anemia

Partial exchange transfusion is used to manage several of the complications of sickle cell anemia. Automated exchanges have been performed successfully in thirteen homozygous (SS) sickle cell patients and in one patient with hemoglobin SC. Although the expected acute increase in whole blood oxygen affinity occurred in each patient, there was no clinical evidence of detrimental effects during or immediately after each procedure, and in each case the patient was unchanged or improved when evaluated by exercise testing. By using a discontinuous-flow cell separator, it is possible to decrease the time required to achieve a 50 per cent exchange in an adult to approximately two hours. Transfusion of blood with an antigenic marker permits rapid evaluation of exchange efficiency during the procedure. When partial exchange transfusion is indicated, the discontinuous-flow cell separator provides a safe, rapid, and effective procedure.
UNUSUAL URINARY COMPOUND IN PATIENTS HOMOZYGOUS FOR HEREDITARY ATYPICAL SERUM CHOLINESTERASE.

URINE from patients homozygous for hereditary atypical serum cholinesterase (HASC) and from normals (mainly laboratory personnel) was collected and refrigerated immediately. The cholinesterase genotype, as shown in Table 1, was determined by reported methods1,2 on blood specimens drawn at the same time. The urine was lyophilized and reconstituted with distilled water to one-fifth the original volume. The concentrates were extracted by a slight modification of the method of Biran and Bartley3, as shown in Fig. 1.
Resource theory and ameliorative strategy in a minimal information political convention game

Coalition formation literature indicates that strategies more ameliorative than minimum resource theory appear under a variety of conditions of the competitive environment. These conditions include uncertainty of outcome and indivisibility of payoff. Some investigators have hypothesized that the inadequacies of minimum resource theory can be attributed to strong players using a parity norm and weak players using an equality norm in the bargaining process. The present study examines the plausibility of this hypothesis in the initial partner selection stage of the bargaining process phase of decision processes in systems at the small group level. An analytical paradigm is presented for discriminating among four strategic goals in the mixed motive three-person game: maximization, security, intracoalition compatibility, and competition. The last three goals are nonoptimal under minimum resource theory. Some earlier results that relatively indivisible payoffs lead to a greater incidence of nonpay-off-maximizing strategies than expected under minimum resource theory were supported under conditions of play involving indirect interpersonal interaction. The appropriateness of taking resource position alone as the determinant of a norm for strategy selection consequently must be questioned.
The Epistle of James in Rhetorical and Social Scientific Perspective Holiness-Wholeness and Patterns of Replication

The Epistle of James, for too long the object of negative exegetical assessment, deserves a fresh appraisal. This study challenges the prevailing view that the document consists merely of seemingly...
An alternative method for genotyping of the ACE I/D polymorphism

The mistyping of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) has been well documented, and new methods have been suggested here to improve the genotyping efficiency. Buccal cell samples were collected from 157 young Caucasians, and genotyped using previously known and newly developed PCR amplification genotyping techniques, as well as PCR-RFLP tests for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4327, rs4341 and rs4343). Inconsistent genotyping results were found when using only the PCR amplification genotyping techniques across repeated attempts (8% to 45%), however, individual SNP genotyping was highly consistent (100%). Two SNPs (rs4341 and rs4343) were in complete LD and SNP rs4327 was in high LD with the ACE I/D. The ACE I/D was in HW equilibrium in the portion of the population with consistent genotyping results, whereas the three SNPs were not in HW equilibrium. The mistyping of ACE I/D by only PCR amplification can be improved using alternative methods.
Crystal morphological investigation in thin films of poly(aryl ether ketone ketone) having a meta-linkage

The lamellar crystal morphology of thin films of poly(aryl ether ketone ketone) having a meta-linkage (PEKK(I)) is observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), utilizing samples with different thermal histories and preparation procedures. After isothermal crystallization from the melt, a double endothermic behaviour can be found through differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) experiments. Partial melting of PEKK(I) can be obtained by heating the samples to a temperature between these two endotherms. By comparing the TEM morphological observations of the samples before and after partial melting, it can be shown that edge-on lamellar crystals, having different thermodynamic stabilities, form during isothermal crystallization. After partial melting, only the type of lamellar crystal exhibiting the higher thermodynamic stability remains. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results exhibit a change in the long period of the lamellar crystals before and after the partial melting process. For the solution-induced crystallization of PEKK(I), only a single endotherm exists in the d.s.c. observations. After annealing at high temperatures, however, a double endothermic behaviour appears. This also results in a decrease in the long period observed by SAXS. The double population of the lamellar crystals is difficult to observe in TEM, since the lamellar crystals in these thin film samples possess a random, rather than an edge-on, orientation. Detailed TEM imaging for observing these lamellar crystals is discussed.
Preparation and characterization of the rhenium silyl esters (η5-C5Me5)(CO)(NO)ReC(O)OSiR3 (SiR3 = SiMe2Ph, SiEt3)

Abstract Three synthetic approaches to the rhenium silyl esters Cp * (CO)(NO)ReC(O)OSiEt 3 ( 3 ) and Cp * (COXNO)ReC(O)OSiMe 2 Ph ( 4 ) were evaluated. (a) Treatment of a CH 2 Cl 2 solution of Cp * (CO) 2 (NO)Re + BF 4 − with a silanolate NaOSiEt 3 ( 5 ) or NaOSiMe 2 Ph ( 6 ) provided 90% isolated yields of 3 and 4 . These stable orange-yellow solids are extremely moisture sensitive: traces of water hydrolyze them to Cp * (CO)(NO)ReCO 2 H and the parent silanol. IR and NMR spectral data of 3 and 4 are consistent with nonchelating μ ( η 1 -C: η 1 -O) metalloester structures. Less efficient preparative routes to 3 and 4 include treatment of (b) Cp * (CO)(NO)ReCO 2 H with the requisite chloroalkylsilane and N i Pr 2 Et, and (c) Cp * (CO)(NO)ReCO 2 − Na + ( 7 Na + ) with the chloroalkylsilane. The new rhenium CO 2 adducts Cp * (CO)(NO)ReCO 2 − M + ( 7 Li + , 7 Na + ) were generated by deprotonation of Cp * (CO)(NO)ReCO 2 H with excess LiH or NaH THF suspensions at 0°C. Both 7Li + and 7Na + were characterized by their solution IR spectra and by the formation of their derivatives with silyl and tin chlorides.
Student Participation, Faculty Involvement, and Costs in the NGV Challenge — A Large‐Scale Automotive Design Project

Large-scale automotive design projects offer an outstanding opportunity for students to obtain practical experience in engineering design. This paper reports a survey of faculty advisors for student teams participating in the Natural Gas Vehicle Challenge. About fifteen students were typically involved in the project at each university participating in the competition. Five or six were typically “key” to the project. Usually faculty advisors had a research interest in automotive engineering or alternate fuels, and they often incorporated the project into a design course. Although the funding level for such a design project varied substantially, the typical funding level was about $25,000, most of which came from local sponsors. Faculty advisors often commented on the educational value of the project and their satisfaction in working closely with students.
Random sequential addition of hard spheres in high Euclidean dimensions.

Sphere packings in high dimensions have been the subject of recent theoretical interest. Employing numerical and theoretical methods, we investigate the structural characteristics of random sequential addition (RSA) of congruent spheres in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space ${\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ in the infinite-time or saturation limit for the first six space dimensions $(1\ensuremath{\le}d\ensuremath{\le}6)$. Specifically, we determine the saturation density, pair correlation function, cumulative coordination number and the structure factor in each of these dimensions. We find that for $2\ensuremath{\le}d\ensuremath{\le}6$, the saturation density ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{s}$ scales with dimension as ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{s}={c}_{1}∕{2}^{d}+{c}_{2}d∕{2}^{d}$, where ${c}_{1}=0.202\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}048$ and ${c}_{2}=0.973\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}872$. We also show analytically that the same density scaling is expected to persist in the high-dimensional limit, albeit with different coefficients. A byproduct of this high-dimensional analysis is a relatively sharp lower bound on the saturation density for any $d$ given by ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{s}\ensuremath{\ge}(d+2)(1\ensuremath{-}{S}_{0})∕{2}^{d+1}$, where ${S}_{0}∊[0,1]$ is the structure factor at $k=0$ (i.e., infinite-wavelength number variance) in the high-dimensional limit. We demonstrate that a Pal\`asti-type conjecture (the saturation density in ${\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ is equal to that of the one-dimensional problem raised to the $d$th power) cannot be true for RSA hyperspheres. We show that the structure factor $S(k)$ must be analytic at $k=0$ and that RSA packings for $1\ensuremath{\le}d\ensuremath{\le}6$ are nearly ``hyperuniform.'' Consistent with the recent ``decorrelation principle,'' we find that pair correlations markedly diminish as the space dimension increases up to six. We also obtain kissing (contact) number statistics for saturated RSA configurations on the surface of a $d$-dimensional sphere for dimensions $2\ensuremath{\le}d\ensuremath{\le}5$ and compare to the maximal kissing numbers in these dimensions. We determine the structure factor exactly for the related ``ghost'' RSA packing in ${\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ and demonstrate that its distance from ``hyperuniformity'' increases as the space dimension increases, approaching a constant asymptotic value of $1∕2$. Our work has implications for the possible existence of disordered classical ground states for some continuous potentials in sufficiently high dimensions.
TOPOLOGICALLY CROSSING HETEROCLINIC CONNECTIONS TO INVARIANT TORI

We consider transition tori of Arnold which have topologically crossing heteroclinic connections. We prove the existence of shadowing orbits to a bi-inflnite sequence of tori, and of symbolic dynamics near a flnite collec- tion of tori. Topological crossing intersections of stable and unstable manifolds of tori can be found as non-trivial zeroes of certain Melnikov functions. Our treatment relies on an extension of Easton's method of correctly aligned win- dows due to Zgliczy¶
3. EVOCATION, ANALYSIS, AND THE “CRISIS OF LIBERALISM”

In The Years of Extermination, the second volume of Nazi Germany and the Jews, Saul Friedlander attempts to write an "integrated" history of the Holocaust that captures the "convergence" of German decisions and policies, the reaction of the surrounding world, and the perceptions and experiences of the Jews. Although several historiographical issues are studied in detail (the role of Hitler, the evolution of Nazi anti-Jewish policy, and the role of the Christian churches), the most innovative aspect of the book is its extensive use of excerpts from over forty diaries of Jewish victims, which are interspersed among the statements of Nazi leaders and officials, Wehrmacht soldiers, churchmen, and various collaborators and bystanders in order to juxtapose "entirely different levels of reality." What ultimately holds the book together, despite its intentionally disrupted narrative and Friedlander's disclaimer that the history of the Holocaust can be encompassed within any "single conceptual framework," is the overarching theme of the "crisis of liberalism.".
Case study of the use of the transportation algorithm for school districting under federal integration guidelines

Abstract One part of the problem of school districting is the assignment of children to schools in such a manner as to minimize the overall cost of the system. This is a simple transportation problem and transportation procedures have been used in the past so as to minimize such things as total student-miles traveled (both straight line and actual travel distance), cost of transportation and many other measures of “Cost”. Even with the introduction of minimum and/or maximum Federal integration limits, the problem can be stated as a transportation problem with suitable alterations. This paper presents a case study of the application of the transportation procedure to school districting under integration guidelines along with some observations on the results.
Focal positive prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in ganglionic tissues associated with prostate neurovascular bundle: Implications for novel intraoperative PSMA-based fluorescent imaging techniques☆

Objective Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is primarily expressed in glandular prostatic tissue and is frequently utilized to detect primary or metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). A purported novel application of PSMA detection is the intraoperative real-time identification of CaP using radioimmunoscintigraphy to define the extension of the surgical resection. Considering that PSMA expression has been reported in other tissues, we evaluated its immunoexpression in prostatic neurovascular bundle elements to assess the convenience and safety of the aforementioned procedure. Materials and methods Twenty consecutive specimens of radical prostatectomy (RP) were retrieved from our surgical pathology archives. PSMA immunoexpression (Clone 3E6, DAKO) was assessed in a representative section from each specimen containing neurovascular bundle elements. Results PSMA expression was documented in 20/20 of examined CaP slides. Most cases exhibited an apical/cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic with membranous accentuation pattern of staining. Focal weak to moderate cytoplasmic staining was detected in associated ganglionic tissue in 3/15 of the examined RP. In all cases, staining was cytoplasmic, less extensive, and weaker than the pattern observed in CaP. None of the peripheral nerve sheath cells or lymphovascular components of the examined neurovascular bundles were positive for PSMA. Conclusions We found focal positive PSMA expression in the ganglionic cells of the prostatic neurovascular bundle. Our results suggest that the radioimmunoscintigraphic detection of radiolabeled PSMA antibodies might not be entirely specific for prostatic cells; this observation must be taken into account should an intraoperative PSMA-based fluorescent imaging technique be used to define the extension of the surgical procedure.
Improvement of Bone Quality in Gonad-Intact Middle-Aged Male Rats by Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

The effect of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on bone measurements was evaluated in gonad-intact middle-aged male rats. Seven rats were killed on day 0 of dietary intervention to determine bone parameters at baseline. Experimental rats (7/group) were fed one of the following lipid treatments (g/kg diet): 167 g safflower oil + 33 g menhaden oil (N6+N3 diet, control), 200 g safflower oil (N6 diet), or 190 menhaden oil + 10 g corn oil (N3 diet). After 20 weeks of dietary treatment, all groups had lower values for peak load and ultimate stiffness in femurs compared to baseline values. Rats fed the N3 diet had the highest values for peak load, ultimate stiffness, and Young’s modulus compared with those fed the N6 and control diets. Compared to baseline, all dietary treatment groups had significantly lower values for trabecular thickness and number in proximal tibia but higher values for trabecular separation and formation rate in proximal tibia and endocortical bone formation rate in tibial shaft. Compared with the control group, rats fed the N3 diet had lower values for formation rate, osteoclast number, and eroded surface in proximal tibia but higher values for periosteal mineral apposition and formation rates in tibia shaft. These findings indicate that a diet rich in long-chain n-3 PUFA mitigate aging-induced loss of bone integrity in intact middle-aged male rats through reducing bone turnover rate by suppressing both bone formation and resorption as a result of a larger net bone volume and modulating endocortical and cancellous bone compartments.
Beyond vectors-parallelism for other algorithms

The use of a set of general purpose, readily available and highly portable parallel programming software tools is discussed. The tools, in the form of C macros, may be used in either a shared-memory or a message-passing environment and are available for a variety of multiple-processor computers. The use of the macros in the implementation of parallel versions of the Sieve of Eratosthenes in a shared-memory environment is demonstrated. >
Command and Control

CCIS-70 is the Army's program for exploiting the application of ADP technology within its tactical environment. Some of the technical and philosophical management problem areas facing the project planners are outlined, and the Army's approach toward solving two representative problems is described in detail.
A study of stress-driven diffusive growth of voids in encapsulated interconnect lines

Stress-driven diffusive growth of voids in encapsulated interconnect lines is studied. By calculating the rate of growth of a single void in a passivated line subjected to an initial hydrostatic tension stress and by assuming that failure occurs when the void reaches a critical size, a model for failure of encapsulated interconnect lines by stress voiding can be developed. The model for the prediction of void growth and failure is based on two limiting kinds of void growth. In one limit, which applies at short times, radial displacements occur by diffusional flow processes around the growing void and relax the local hydrostatic tension stress. In the long time limit, vacancies flow to the void from distant parts of the line by diffusion along grain boundaries, thereby relaxing the stress in a growing section of the line. A model based on a combination of these behaviors leads to a failure law for aluminum lines of the form t f σ 2 / d = 10 19.2 exp( Q /R T ) where t f is the failure time in seconds, σ is the initial hydrostatic tension stress in the line in Pa, d is the grain size in meters, and the activation energy, Q = 80.9 kJ/mol, is close to that for grain boundary diffusion in aluminum. The model predictions appear to be in good agreement with the few experiments on stress voiding that have been conducted.
Design and optimization of board-level optical clock distribution network for high-performance optoelectronic system-on-a-packages

A new approach to optical clock distribution utilizing optical waveguide interconnect technology is introduced. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for design and optimization of board-level optical clock distribution network for high-performance optoelectronic system-on-a-packages. The optimization approach takes into account bending and propagation losses of optical waveguides. Less than 26.1psec in signal timing skew is obtained for a signal flight time of 614.38psec. About 15% reduction in optical power consumption is also obtained over clock nets routed with existing (optical) methods.
The Non‐Stationary Thermal Problem in the Linear Theory of Elastic Shells

The statics of thermoelastic shells is considered with emphasis on a linear theory. The three-dimensional heat conduction equation, with the dilatational effect included, is studied, and from it is deduced a pair of simultaneous equations, valid in the middle surface space. This pair of equations is shown to reduce to forms relevant to a Kirchhoff-Love theory, a Green-Zerna theory and a linearized Marguerre shallow-shell theory. Die lineare Statik der thermoelastischen Schale wird untersucht. Die dreidimensionale Warmeleitungsgleichung, einschlieslich des dilatationalen Effekts, wird hergeleitet und ein Satz simultaner Gleichungen fur die Schalenmittelflachen abgeleitet. Es wird gezeigt, das diese Gleichungen die Kirchhoff-Love-Theorie, die Green-Zerna-Theorie und die linearisierte Marguerre-Theorie fur flache Schalen enthalten.
Enhancing the Teaching of Machine Design by Creating a Basic Hands-On Environment with Mechanical ‘breadboards’:

The pendulum of engineering education is swinging from an emphasis on theoretical material to a balance between theory and hands-on activities. This transformation is motivated, in part, by the different experiential background of students presently entering engineering programs in comparison with their predecessors. Instead of a tinkering background with the dissection of machines and use of tools (which was previously common for students), students are now entering with a background in computing, video games, and other ‘virtual’ experiences. This focus has left a void in the ability to relate engineering principles to real-world devices and applications. Another void is also apparent in the variety of students' learning styles. Our course presentation should accommodate these different styles. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for filling these voids in a mechanical engineering curriculum. Through the application of ‘mechanical breadboards’, clear relationships between machine design principles...
Three-Dimensional Topology

By a closed manifold we shall mean a compact manifold without boundary. We will use the notation / for the closed interval [0,1]. A compact surface E is called pants (or a pair of pants) if it is homeomorphic to the sphere with three holes. Suppose that 5 is a closed oriented surface of genus g. Remove from S interiors of disjoint closed disks D1, …, D n We say that g is the genus of the resulting surface. The solid torus is the product D2 × S1, where D2 is the closed 2-disk. The handlebody of genus g is the 3-manifold that is obtained by attaching g solid tori along disjoint boundary disks to the 3-ball. Each handlebody is bounded by the surface of genus g. Recall that every closed 3-manifold has zero Euler characteristic; thus for every compact 3-manifold M we have χ(M) = x(\(\partial\)M)/2. In particular, the pro-jective plane cannot be the boundary of a compact 3-manifold. A 3-manifold is called aspherical if it is connected and has contractible universal cover. Suppose that M is a compact aspherical 3-manifold; then either \(\partial\)M is a single sphere and M is contractible, or each boundary component of M has nonpositive Euler characteristic (for otherwise the universal cover M of M would have at least two boundary spheres which implies that \(H_2 (\tilde M) \ne 0\)). Thus, if M is compact and aspherical and χ(M) = 0, then either M is contractible or each component of \(\partial\)M has zero Euler characteristic, i.e., is the torus or the Klein bottle.
Controlling light-dark exposure patterns rather than sleep schedules determines circadian phase

Abstract Objective To examine, in a field study circadian phase changes associated with two different light–dark exposures patterns, one that was congruent with a phase advanced sleep schedule and one that was incongruent with an advanced schedule. Methods Twenty-one adults (mean age±standard deviation=22.5±3.9years; 11 women) participated in the 12day study. After a five-day baseline period, participants were all given individualized, fixed, 90-minute advanced sleep schedules for one week. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, an advance group with a light–dark exposure prescription designed to advance circadian phase or a delay group with light–dark exposure prescription designed to delay circadian phase. The advance group received two morning hours of short-wavelength (blue) light ( λ max ≈476±1nm, full-width-half-maximum≈20nm) exposure and three evening hours of light restriction (orange-filtered light, λ Results After seven days on the 90-minute advanced sleep schedule, circadian phase advanced 132±19 minutes for the advance group and delayed 59±7.5 minutes for the delay group. Conclusions Controlling the light–dark exposure pattern shifts circadian phase in the expected direction irrespective of the fixed advanced sleep schedule.
Environment drives physiological variability in the cold seep mussel Bathymodiolus childressi

The ability of an organism to respond to changes in its environment depends upon its short-term physiological plasticity and the constraints of its genetic makeup. At hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, the spatially variable physiological characteristics of symbiont-bearing animals are often assumed to reflect short-term physiological adjustments to a patchy and dynamic chemical environment. However, the extent to which these spatially variable responses represent fixed characteristics unique to animals inhabiting the different environments (such as might arise from genetic differentiation) has not been tested. The seep mussel Bathymodiolus childressi depends upon methanotrophic bacteria for the bulk of its nutrition and inhabits a range of environments where it displays varying growth and body condition. In this study, we first investigated the multiscale environmental and physiological variability of B. childressi by measuring dissolved gas concentrations and mussel body condition in 12 mussel beds at four geographically distinct sites. Brine-dominated seeps tended to have higher methane and sulfide concentrations and host mussels of better body condition than petroleum-dominated sites. Then, using two transplant experiments, we evaluated whether local environmental conditions or stock effects determined the observed differences in growth and body condition of B. childressi. In all cases, mussels transplanted to new sites acquired or nearly acquired the characteristics of their host population, illustrating the primary role of the environment in determining the physiological characteristics of resident mussels. However, mussels from different sites sometimes responded differently to the same environment, suggesting stock-related effects also play a role in the spatial variation observed in the physiology of chemosynthetic fauna.
The significance of a Hastingsite granite in the Carn Chuinneag–Inchbae Complex

Synopsis The discovery of a late stage hastingsite gneissic granite in the Inchbae mass (possibly coeval with the riebeckite gneissic granite in the Carn Chuinneag mass) indicates that different physico-chemical conditions prevailed during the last granitic stages of the two masses. This, along with other evidence at the North and SE contacts, is in accord with a previous view that the Inchbae mass is at a different stratigraphic level (lower) relative to the Carn Chuinneag mass.
Reappraisal of Scottish Ordovician palaeomagnetism

Summary. Critical re-evaluation of Scottish Ordovician palaeomagnetism comprising data from the NW Scotland syenites, the Aberdeenshire gabbros, and the pre-tectonic (i.e. pre late Ordovician-Silurian) magnetic overprinting of Dalradian tillites, appears to provide a refined mid-Ordovician to Silurian apparent polar wander path. ‘Post-closure’ magnetizations (Silurian) across the Great Glen Fault agree extremely well after correction for a 20d net clockwise rotation of the Northern Highlands. The data emphasize a previous assumption that some of the existing discrepancies in British Ordovician palaeomagnetism may disappear when the prevalence of multicomponent magnetizations is adequately considered. The data also support the conclusion from an earlier analysis requiring an anticlockwise rotation of the British Isles relative to the geomagnetic field during the Ordovician. However, a recent suggestion that the Aberdeenshire gabbros record the slow post-orogenic cooling of the NE Highlands is shown to rest on an inadequate palaeomagnetic basis.
Intellectual Property and Biotechnology: The U.S. Internal Experience--Part II

In the development of biotechnology in the United States, many questions were raised about the appropriateness of applying to this area a traditional robust system of intellectual property rights. Despite these hesitations, the U.S. rejected suggested modifications. This was a mistake, and there is a need to develop a modified system that promotes more of the relevant ethical values.
Deciphering Physical versus Chemical Contributions to the Ionic Conductivity of Functionalized Poly(methacrylate)-Based Ionogel Electrolytes.

Polymer-supported ionic liquids (ionogels) are emergent, nonvolatile electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage applications. Here, chemical and physical interactions between the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI TFSI) and three different cross-linked polymer scaffolds with varying chemical functional groups have been investigated in ionogels fabricated via in situ UV-initiated radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA), or 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and a small amount of the cross-linker pentaerythritol tetraacrylate. Experimental findings demonstrate that the chemical functionality of the polymer side groups can significantly affect the degree of ion dissociation within the ionic liquid component of the ionogel and that the fraction of dissociated ions is the dominant factor in determining relative ionic conductivity in these materials, rather than any large differences in ion diffusi...
Phonon Scattering by Point Defects in Copper Alloys

The strength of the phonon scattering by solute atoms in four copper alloy systems has been calculated from the values of the lattice thermal conductivities of these metals measured between 1.5 and 55 K. This analysis shows that the point defect scattering depends both on the difference between the masses of the copper and solute atoms and on the amount of lattice distortion produced by the addition of the solute atoms. A microscopic theory which includes the effects of the distortion as the dilation of the lattice about the solute gives a rough quantitative account of the experimental results and predicts the relative scattering strengths of four solutes — Sn, Al, Ge, and Ni. A good correlation between the strength of the phonon scattering rate and the change in the velocity of sound in these alloys is observed.
Performance Tuning in Answer Set Programming

Performance analysis and tuning are well established software engineering processes in the realm of imperative programming. This work is a step towards establishing the standards of performance analysis in the realm of answer set programming – a prominent constraint programming paradigm. We present and study the roles of human tuning and automatic configuration tools in this process. The case study takes place in the realm of a real-world answer set programming application that required several hundred lines of code. Experimental results suggest that human-tuning of the logic programming encoding and automatic tuning of the answer set solver are orthogonal (complementary) issues.
Daring to Be Weird: Exploring the Invocation of the “Company Freak” in Vonage’s New Advertising Campaign

A textual analysis was performed on the first five advertisements from Vonage’s “Crazy Generous” campaign. The ads ask the audience to consider what happens when co-optation is itself deployed as a promotional tool. Three primary themes emerge: the main character is Vonage’s “house hippie”; interacting with him is a “sanitary act”; and that by coaxing the main character to take a job with Vonage, the company has has restored social order.
Loving the Cyber Bomb? The Dangers of Threat Inflation in Cybersecurity Policy

Over the past two years there has been a steady drumbeat of alarmist rhetoric coming out of Washington about potential catastrophic cyber threats. For example, at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing last year, Chairman Carl Levin said that “cyberweapons and cyberattacks potentially can be devastating, approaching weapons of mass destruction in their effects.” Proposed responses include increased federal spending on cybersecurity and the regulation of private network security practices. The rhetoric of “cyber doom” employed by proponents of increased federal intervention, however, lacks clear evidence of a serious threat that can be verified by the public. As a result, the United States may be witnessing a bout of threat inflation similar to that seen in the run-up to the Iraq War. Additionally, a cyber-industrial complex is emerging, much like the military-industrial complex of the Cold War. This complex may serve to not only supply cybersecurity solutions to the federal government, but to drum up demand for them as well. Part I of this article draws a parallel between today’s cybersecurity debate and the run-up to the Iraq War and looks at how an inflated public conception of the threat we face may lead to unnecessary regulation of the Internet. Part II draws a parallel between the emerging cybersecurity establishment and the military-industrial complex of the Cold War and looks at how unwarranted external influence can lead to unnecessary federal spending. Finally, Part III surveys several federal cybersecurity proposals and presents a framework for analyzing the cybersecurity threat.
Thermal Drawing of High-Density Macroscopic Arrays of Well-Ordered Sub-5-nm-Diameter Nanowires

We investigate the lower limit of nanowire diameters stably produced by the process of thermal fiber drawing and fiber tapering. A centimeter-scale macroscopic cylindrical preform containing the nanowire material in the core encased in a polymer scaffold cladding is thermally drawn in the viscous state to a fiber. By cascading several iterations of the process, continuous reduction of the diameter of an amorphous semiconducting chalcogenide glass is demonstrated. Starting from a 10-mm-diameter rod we thermally draw hundreds of meters of continuous sub-5-nm-diameter nanowires. Using this approach, we produce macroscopic lengths of high-density, well-ordered, globally oriented nanowire arrays.
Quantum Cascade Laser Spectroscopy and Photoinduced Chemistry of Al–(CO)n Clusters in Helium Nanodroplets

Helium nanodroplet isolation and a tunable quantum cascade laser are used to probe the fundamental CO stretch bands of aluminum carbonyl complexes, Al–(CO)n (n ≤ 5). The droplets are doped with single aluminum atoms via the resistive heating of an aluminum wetted tantalum wire. The downstream sequential pick-up of CO molecules leads to the rapid formation and cooling of Al–(CO)n clusters within the droplets. Near 1900 cm–1, rotational fine structure is resolved in bands that are assigned to the CO stretch of a linear 2Π1/2 Al–CO species and the asymmetric and symmetric CO stretch vibrations of a planar C2v Al–(CO)2 complex in a 2B1 electronic state. Bands corresponding to clusters with n ≥ 3 lack resolved rotational fine structure; nevertheless, the small frequency shifts from the n = 2 bands indicate that these clusters consist of an Al–(CO)2 core with additional CO molecules attached via van der Waals interactions. A second n = 2 band is observed near the CO stretch of Al–CO, indicating a local minimum ...
The British Government and the Mormon Question, 1910-1922

But a notable exception to this generalization can be found in the popular attitude toward the Mormons from 1910 to 1914.2 During this period, hostility toward the Latter-day Saints erupted into violence in at least eleven cities, causing personal injury as well as property damage. What is not generally recognized, how ever, is that the presence of Mormon missionaries from the United States became a political and diplomatic issue, which is important for what it indicates about the attitudes within the bureaucracy concerning this religious minority, and because it cautions against drawing simplistic conclusions concerning the practice of tolera tion in modern Britain. This article proposes to show that the attitude of the Home Office underwent a change from a basically tolerant posture to one that attempted to curtail Mormon propaganda by preventing the entrance of Mormon missionaries into the country. It is significant that the British government had never before interfered with Mormon proselytizing activities. Even during
Application of Teleconsulting Vehicle in Earthquake Relief

Teleconsulting vehicle is applied in providing the support platform of remote medical consultation for the wounded under field battle or emergent mobile condition. In China Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, teleconsulting vehicle also provided favorable measurements for treatment on wound and communication guarantee in disaster area, besides, it plays an important role in remote consultation, communication, remote training, and data delivery, etc.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN THE VENTILATED PATIENT

The onset of agitation and distress in a mechanically ventilated patient should initiate a careful assessment that considers whether there has been progression of the underlying disease, a new medical complication, or adverse effects from medical interventions and procedures, including intubation and mechanical ventilation. This article focuses on problems that relate to mechanical ventilation and the interactions of the "patient-ventilator system". The authors suggest an initial approach to the patient who develops respiratory distress, and then review the appropriate indications for sedative and paralytic medications.
Randomized study of 13-cis retinoic acid v placebo in the myelodysplastic disorders

A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of 13-cis retinoic acid was performed to determine if the drug has a therapeutic effect in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Sixty-eight evaluable patients with MDS were randomized to receive a single, daily oral dose of either 13-cis retinoic acid (13-CRA, 100 mg/m2) or matching placebo. Treatment was continued, when possible, for a period of 6 months. Determination of response to treatment was based on clinical course, repeat bone marrow biopsies, and aspirates and blood counts (CBC) with WBC differential, platelet, and reticulocyte numbers at specified intervals. No significant difference was noted between the two treatment groups in response to test drug (P = .66). One patient (3%) in the 13-CRA group and two patients (6%) in the placebo group had a minor response. Approximately 30% of patients in both groups had progression of their disease, and progression-free survival was nearly identical. Greater than 90% of the patients receiving 13-CRA developed mild or moderate skin toxicity that was reversible with decreasing or discontinuing the drug. Our study did not find that 13-CRA exerts a beneficial therapeutic effect in patients with MDS.
The clinical detection of variations in the concentrations of normal leukocyte types: a laboratory comparison of 100-cell manual differential counts on wedge smears and 500-cell counts by the ADC500.

This study represents part of a clinical evaluation of the ADC500 automated leukocyte differential counter: 100-cell manual eye-counts on wedge smears prepared in a semi-automated fashion were compared with automated 500-cell counts on spun smears, and normal ranges of total cell concentrations were established for both methods. For each method, and in an unselected consecutive patient population, variations in total cell concentrations by cell class were recorded and analyzed as to their differences from established normals and the degree of significance of their differences. The data show that the automated method is in good agreement with manual counts, but detects variations in concentration with a greater degree of confidence, when comparisons are made with normality. This is presumed to be at least partially due to a reduction of within-slide statistical sampling error. However, it may also reflect the nonrandom and irregular distribution of cells on the wedge smear and the nonrandom search pattern conducted by the technologist during manual eye-counts. Differences in the distributions of normal values for monocytes by method are noted. An increased sensitivity of the ADC500 to monocytosis and lymphocytopenia is described. Improved reporting formats for automated imaging systems are discussed based upon the approach taken in this study. The clinician should be provided with data in the form of absolute cell concentrations, with an indication of the unique within-specimen statistical variation affecting the result, and finally, if the measurement varies from normality, the degree of confidence in the variation. This approach only addresses methodological variation. As others have pointed out, physiologic diurnal variations in leukocyte concentrations are significant and must be considered in relation to the timing of phlebotomy and the ultimate interpretation of any detected variations in concentration.
Lymph node count from neck dissection predicts mortality in head and neck cancer

Purpose Multiple smaller studies have demonstrated an association between overall survival and lymph node (LN) count from neck dissection in patients with head and neck cancer. This is a large cohort study to examine these associations by using a national cancer database. Patients and Methods The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients who underwent upfront nodal dissection for mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2013. Patients were stratified by LN count into those with < 18 nodes and those with ≥ 18 nodes on the basis of prior work. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to predict hazard of mortality. Stratified models predicted hazard of mortality both for patients who were both node negative and node positive. Results There were 45,113 patients with ≥ 18 LNs and 18,865 patients with < 18 LNs examined. The < 18 LN group, compared with the ≥ 18 LN group, had more favorable tumor characteristics, with a lower proportion of T3 and T4 lesions (27.9% v 39.8%), fewer patients with positive nodes (46.6% v 60.5%), and lower rates of extracapsular extension (9.3% v 15.1%). Risk-adjusted Cox models predicting hazard of mortality by LN count showed an 18% increased hazard of death for patients with < 18 nodes examined (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.22). When stratified by clinical nodal stage, there was an increased hazard of death in both groups (node negative: HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.32; node positive: HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.19). Conclusion The results of our study demonstrate a significant overall survival advantage in both patients who are clinically node negative and node positive when ≥ 18 LNs are examined after neck dissection, which suggests that LN count is a potential quality metric for neck dissection.
Seasonal circadian rhythm shift and lunar chronobiology of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)

Abstract Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) are nocturnal, semifossorial, insectivorous mammals that historically live in warm climates but have been moving northward over the past 150+ y. As armadillos move into more-temperate climates, behavioral adjustments occur in response to decreasing temperatures. Observations in northern latitudes have noted more activity during the daytime in the winter, indicating a shift in circadian rhythm. Such behavioral plasticity may allow individuals to forage when temperatures are optimal for thermoregulation. We recorded armadillo activity for 6 mo using game cameras. We created nocturnal, crepuscular, and diurnal activity indices and then plotted them as a function of time. We compared temperatures of when armadillos were photographed to temperatures when other animals were photographed. Analyses suggest that a seasonal shift in circadian rhythm does occur and that air temperature is an important factor. Although armadillos have previously been reported to ...
History of Targeted Family Verbal Aggression and Informational Reception Apprehension as Predictors of Anger-Coping Behaviors

This study examined anger-coping behaviors as a function of both history of targeted family verbal aggression in childhood and informational reception apprehension. Specifically, this article investigates the degree to which childhood experiences of direct verbal attacks from family members impact anger-coping responses and the moderating influence of informational reception apprehension. To examine this, 159 college-aged students completed measures assessing their history of targeted family verbal aggression, informational reception apprehension, and anger-coping behaviors. History of targeted family verbal aggression was associated with anger-in, anger-out, and anger-control, and these associations were moderated by listening anxiety and intellectual inflexibility.
Towards core-excitation spectra in attosecond spectroscopy: A coupled-cluster study of ClF

Abstract The increasing availability of short timescale spectroscopy techniques allows for more accurate probing of nuclear and electronic dynamics. This work studies the underlying potential energy curves for the core-ionized and core-excited states of ClF. The variational collapse that can occur using conventional variational methods make electronic states involving core-holes particularly challenging to describe. Coupled-cluster methods can avoid such problems. This work applies extensions of ground and excited state coupled-cluster methods to compute potential curves for core-hole states of ClF. The ability to obtain accurate potential curves for such elusive states, and generate core-absorption spectra, opens the door for exciting developments.
Towards A Person-Centric Theory of Social Capital Development: A Qualitative Study

There is much empirical evidence to demonstrate the value of social capital for individuals and organizations. However, current theoretical development mainly focuses on the consequences and mechan...