cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B43: RECQ1, a breast cancer susceptibility gene, is upregulated by cancer therapeutics in a p53-dependent manner

Sensitivity of cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics is determined by DNA repair processes. Consequently, cancer cells may upregulate expression of certain DNA repair genes as a mechanism to promote chemoresistance. Here, we report identification of RECQ1, a breast cancer susceptibility gene that encodes the most abundant RecQ helicase in humans, as a p53-regulated target potentially acting as a defense against DNA-damaging agents. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis in a variety of cancer cell lines revealed RECQ1 to be upregulated following DNA damage, which was confirmed by Western blot experiments. Significant increase in RECQ1 mRNA level was observed following treatment with alkylating agent methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) as well as the representative chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, temozolomide and fotemustine. Upregulation of RECQ1 expression also appeared to depend on the nature of DNA lesion. Induction of RECQ1 by genotoxins requires p53 since it was observed in p53 wild-type but not in p53 null cells. Consistent with that, the RECQ1 promoter is bound by endogenous p53 and is responsive to p53 in luciferase assay. Knocking down RECQ1 expression in cancer cells resulted in increased sensitivity to MMS, fotemustine and temozolomide supporting the hypothesis that RECQ1 is involved in the recovery of cells from DNA damage. Notably, RECQ1 is frequently overexpressed and amplified in a variety of cancers. As RECQ1 efficiently protects cells from genomic instability through repair of DNA lesions including those induced by alkylating and other chemotherapeutic agents, RECQ1 overexpression may provide resistance to anti-cancer drugs. RECQ1 expression level may therefore serve to predict chemotherapeutic response of cancer patients and timely implementation of alternative therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Xing Lu, Swetha Parvathaneni, Sudha Sharma. RECQ1, a breast cancer susceptibility gene, is upregulated by cancer therapeutics in a p53-dependent manner [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
Measurements and calculations of air activation in the NuMI neutrino production facility at Fermilab with the 120-GeV proton beam on target

Abstract Measurements and calculations of the air activation at a high-energy proton accelerator are described. The quantity of radionuclides released outdoors depends on operation scenarios including details of the air exchange inside the facility. To improve the prediction of the air activation levels, the MARS15 Monte Carlo code radionuclide production model was modified to be used for these studies. Measurements were done to benchmark the new model and verify its use in optimization studies for the new DUNE experiment at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermilab. The measured production rates for the most important radionuclides – 11 C, 13 N, 15 O and 41 Ar – are in a good agreement with those calculated with the improved MARS15 code.
Do Working Memory Deficits Underlie Reading Problems in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Reading problems are common in children with ADHD and show strong covariation with these children’s underdeveloped working memory abilities. In contrast, working memory training does not appear to improve reading performance for children with ADHD or neurotypical children. The current study bridges the gap between these conflicting findings, and combines dual-task methodology with Bayesian modeling to examine the role of working memory for explaining ADHD-related reading problems. Children ages 8–13 (M = 10.50, SD = 1.59) with and without ADHD (N = 78; 29 girls; 63% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) completed a counterbalanced series of reading tasks that systematically manipulated concurrent working memory demands. Adding working memory demands produced disproportionate decrements in reading comprehension for children with ADHD (d = −0.67) relative to Non-ADHD children (d = −0.18); comprehension was significantly reduced in both groups when working memory demands were increased. These effects were robust to controls for foundational reading skills (decoding, sight word vocabulary) and comorbid reading disability. Concurrent working memory demands did not slow reading speed for either group. The ADHD group showed lower comprehension (d = 1.02) and speed (d = 0.69) even before adding working memory demands beyond those inherently required for reading. Exploratory conditional effects analyses indicated that underdeveloped working memory overlapped with 41% (comprehension) and 85% (speed) of these between-group differences. Reading problems in ADHD appear attributable, at least in part, to their underdeveloped working memory abilities. Combined with prior cross-sectional and longitudinal findings, the current experimental evidence positions working memory as a potential causal mechanism that is necessary but not sufficient for effectively understanding written language.
The cultural neuroscience of emotion regulation

In this paper, we review and advocate for a cultural neuroscience approach to studying culture and emotion regulation. First, we summarize theoretical accounts regarding how culture influences the way people experience and prefer to regulate their internal experiences and outward expression of emotions. Next, we briefly summarize physiological and neural indicators of affect and the regulation of affect including examining skin response and heart rate, spatial differences in BOLD hemodynamic responses, and event-related potentials. We then review extant cultural neuroscience studies examining differences in emotion regulation across cultural groups and highlight how these findings extend theory from more traditional methods and provide novel insights. Finally, we outline several issues the field faces moving forward and offer recommendations for best practices as well as offering future directions for a culturally informed affective neuroscience.
Ethnonationalism: Cultural Concerns

Practices or claims that construct political identity on the basis of common descent, language, or culture are described as ‘ethrorationalist’. Ethnonationalism is widespread in the modern world. Although nationalists' ideologies commonly present ethnic solidarities simply as inherited, social scientists generally analyze them as creations of ideological and political mobilization. Debates remain active concerning the extent to which ethnic continuity explains nationalism and concerning the role of the state as the focus or source of nationalism. Ethnonationalism is commonly contrasted to civic nationalism with the latter representing voluntary assimilation into a political community. In any given case the difference is one of proportion not complete opposition. Ethnonationalist ideologies are strongly but not uniquely associated with nationalist conflicts and violence.
A Spectroscopic Survey in the EUV of the “Coolest” Hot DA Stars

We present an analysis of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy of a sample of 10 DA white dwarfs observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE). We have selected white dwarfs cooler than about 50,000 K and with presumably low heavy element abundances. The goal of this study is to determine the fundamental atmospheric parameters, namely the effective temperature and chemical composition, of these stars by fitting their continua with synthetic spectra computed from pure hydrogen LTE/line-blanketed model atmospheres. The question of the presence (or absence) of trace elements is explored by comparing EUV-determined effective temperatures to the one obtained from a fit of hydrogen balmer lines. It is found that the majority of the DA in the sample are consistent with having a pure hydrogen atmosphere. One of the star, MCT0027-634, is another possible example of a HZ 43-type white dwarf, having an effective temperature above 50000 K and a low heavy element abundance, i.e., much lower than predicted by diffusion theory.
Molecular analysis of enthesopathy in a mouse model of hypophosphatemic rickets.

ABSTRACT The bone tendon attachment site known as the enthesis comprises a transitional zone between bone and tendon, and plays an important role in enabling movement at this site. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by impaired activation of vitamin D, elevated serum FGF23 levels and low serum phosphate levels, which impair bone mineralization. Paradoxically, an important complication of XLH is mineralization of the enthesis (enthesopathy). Studies were undertaken to identify the cellular and molecular pathways important for normal post-natal enthesis maturation and to examine their role during the development of enthesopathy in mice with XLH (Hyp). The Achilles tendon entheses of Hyp mice demonstrate an expansion of hypertrophic-appearing chondrogenic cells by P14. Post-natally, cells in wild-type and Hyp entheses similarly descend from scleraxis- and Sox9-expressing progenitors; however, Hyp entheses exhibit an expansion of Sox9-expressing cells, and enhanced BMP and IHH signaling. These results support a role for enhanced BMP and IHH signaling in the development of enthesopathy in XLH.
From “bush bureaucracies” to electoral competition: what explains the political success of rebel parties after civil wars?

In this paper, we examine the factors that explain the political success of former rebel parties in electoral competition after the end of civil wars. We develop a theoretical framework derived fro...
How can observers use perceived size? Centroid versus mean-size judgments

statistical representations are aggregate properties of the environment that are presumed to be perceived automatically and preattentively. We investigated two tasks presumed to involve these representations: judgments of the centroid of a set of spatially arrayed items and judgments of the mean size of the items in the array. The question we ask is: When similar information is required for both tasks, do observers use it with equal postfilter efficiency (Sun, Chubb, Wright, & Sperling, 2016)? We find that, according to instructions, observers can either efficiently utilize item size in making centroid judgments or ignore it almost completely. Compared to centroid judgments, however, observers estimating mean size incorporate the size of individual items into the average with low efficiency.
Improved Cascade Control Structure for Water and Thermal Management in Open-Cathode Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

An undesirable consequence of using standard cascade control scheme for liquid-level management in direct-methanol fuel cells is that the operating temperature becomes variable, and often never reaches the preferred point of operation for optimal device performance. An improved cascade controller is proposed, featuring upper and lower thresholds, and a switching logic that sets the master controller on manual mode whenever possible, and returns it to automatic mode only when a threshold is violated. The approach seeks to ensure that the temperature of the fuel cell, managed by the slave controller, be kept constant at a desired set point during all manual-mode periods. Simulation studies under extreme conditions verify that the design operates as intended, generating electrical power and current that quickly reach constant steady states during manual-mode periods to meet the demands of external electrical loads. Flooding and dry-out states in the tank are avoided, and the scheme is shown to be immune to external perturbations and noisy measurements for long, though intermittent, periods of operations. Observed shortcomings due to the limiting conditions imposed are discussed, and future development needs are suggested.
The High Value of Blurry Data in Improving Pediatric Emergency Care

Pediatric emergency care research suffers from a generalizability problem. Such research in the United States largely relies on data collected from within academic medical centers or large health systems with the infrastructure to conduct and publish clinical research. Such research also includes studies ranging from trials of fluid infusion rates for diabetic ketoacidosis1 from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network to retrospective cohort studies defining the incidence of herpes simplex virus by week of life.2 This research is extremely valuable because it informs how to distribute limited health care resources and where to focus efforts to improve care. However, academic and large health systems are a narrow lens through which to view care because 90% of children do not visit academic pediatric emergency departments (EDs) but rather visit community general EDs.3 Children who visit academic EDs differ from the larger population of children demographically, especially related to their access to, need for, and receipt of acute care. Because of these differences, epidemiological insights cannot always be generalized beyond the populations that academic centers serve. Large, population-based, administrative databases offer 1 solution to this problem. Administrative data are collected in the course of routine clinical operations and include claims, which are billing records. These databases do not typically contain clinical information and instead contain demographics, diagnoses, procedures, and billing information, such as charges. They therefore represent a blurrier but wider field of view than the narrow lens of academia-based investigation, thereby allowing more complete insight into diseases and outcomes. Furthermore, these databases eliminate the selection bias introduced by studying only children who present to academic hospitals, which often outweighs the advantages of prospective data collection. The main advantages of administrative data …
Values in Heritage management: emerging approaches and research directions: edited by Erica Avrami, Susan Macdonald, Randall Mason, David Myers, Los Angeles, The Getty Conservation Institute, 2019, 245pp., $50.00 (pbk). LCCN 2019011992 (e-book), ISBN 9781606066201, (epub), ISBN 9781606066188 (pbk.)

This 245-page book focuses on values in heritage management. It includes a forward and acknowledgments and then two parts. Part I, background, provides a framework for the discussions that follows....
Soluble Polymer Pneumatic Networks and a Single-Pour System for Improved Accessibility and Durability of Soft Robotic Actuators.

Soft robotic devices can be used to demonstrate mechanics, robotics, and health care devices in classrooms. The complexity of soft robotic actuator fabrication has limited its classroom use. We pro...
The Uses and Misuses of Budget Data

Alternative presentations of the same budget data tend to offer very different impressions, creating opportunities for a deeper understanding of fiscal health. However, these measures sometimes reflect hidden assumptions about government finances, so even a seemingly neutral way of presenting data often isn't so neutral. The ability to give different impressions with the same budget data creates the opportunity for policy mischief, as one can tell very different stories about fiscal policy depending on the measure used. We can assess the appropriateness of various spending adjustments by understanding the underlying assumptions in the measures, how to use the measures analytically, and how they might be used strategically. The paper looks at measures of government spending over time, as well as budget forecasts, to demonstrate this logic in practice. It concludes with a case study of President Obama's fiscal year 2014 budget.
Effects of Breakdown Voltage on Single-Event Burnout Tolerance of High-Voltage SiC Power MOSFETs

Ion- and terrestrial neutron-induced single-event burnout (SEB) data indicate that a thicker, more lightly doped epitaxial (epi) region significantly increases the threshold at which ion-induced SEB occurs in silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs and junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes. Simulations indicate that the reduction of power dissipation along the core of the ion track is responsible for the increased robustness of the devices that have higher breakdown voltage ratings. Implications for circuit design show that using a 3300-V power MOSFET provides a significant increase in SEB threshold margin compared to a 1200-V MOSFET, with minor impact on power dissipation during normal operation.
Effect of Multisession Progressive Gait-Slip Training on Fall-Resisting Skills of People with Chronic Stroke: Examining Motor Adaptation in Reactive Stability

Background: This study examined whether a multisession gait-slip training could enhance reactive balance control and fall-resisting skills of people with chronic stroke (PwCS). Methods: A total of 11 PwCS underwent a four-week treadmill-based gait-slip training (four sessions). Pre- and post-training assessment was performed on six intensities of gait-slips (levels 1–6). Training consisted of 10 blocks of each progressively increasing intensity (four trials per block) until participants fell at >2 trials per block (fall threshold). In the next session, training began at a sub-fall threshold and progressed further. Fall outcome and threshold, number of compensatory steps, multiple stepping threshold, progression to higher intensities, pre- and post-slip center of mass (CoM), state stability, clinical measures, and treadmill walking speed were analyzed. Results: Post-training, PwCS demonstrated a reduction in falls and compensatory steps on levels 5 and 6 (p 0.05). Conclusions: Multisession, progressively increasing intensity of treadmill-based gait-slip training appears to induce significant adaptive improvement in falls, compensatory stepping, and postural stability among PwCS.
Biological upgrading of pyrolysis-derived wastewater: Engineering Pseudomonas putida for alkylphenol, furfural, and acetone catabolism and (methyl)muconic acid production.

Abstract While biomass-derived carbohydrates have been predominant substrates for biological production of renewable fuels, chemicals, and materials, organic waste streams are growing in prominence as potential alternative feedstocks to improve the sustainability of manufacturing processes. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising approach to generate biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass, but it generates a complex, carbon-rich, and toxic wastewater stream that is challenging to process catalytically but could be biologically upgraded to valuable co-products. In this work, we implemented modular, heterologous catabolic pathways in the Pseudomonas putida KT2440-derived EM42 strain along with the overexpression of native toxicity tolerance machinery to enable utilization of 89% (w/w) of carbon in CFP wastewater. The dmp monooxygenase and meta-cleavage pathway from Pseudomonas putida CF600 were constitutively expressed to enable utilization of phenol, cresols, 2- and 3-ethyl phenol, and methyl catechols, and the native chaperones clpB, groES, and groEL were overexpressed to improve toxicity tolerance to diverse aromatic substrates. Next, heterologous furfural and acetone utilization pathways were incorporated, and a native alcohol dehydrogenase was overexpressed to improve methanol utilization, generating reducing equivalents. All pathways (encoded by genes totaling ~30 kilobases of DNA) were combined into a single strain that can catabolize a mock CFP wastewater stream as a sole carbon source. Further engineering enabled conversion of all aromatic compounds in the mock wastewater stream to (methyl)muconates with a ~90% (mol/mol) yield. Biological upgrading of CFP wastewater as outlined in this work provides a roadmap for future applications in valorizing other heterogeneous waste streams.
Towards Zero-Label Language Learning

This paper explores zero-label learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP), whereby no human-annotated data is used anywhere during training and models are trained purely on synthetic data. At the core of our framework is a novel approach for better leveraging the powerful pretrained language models. Specifically, inspired by the recent success of few-shot inference on GPT-3, we present a training data creation procedure named Unsupervised Data Generation (UDG), which leverages few-shot prompts to synthesize high-quality training data without real human annotations. Our method enables zero-label learning as we train task-specific models solely on the synthetic data, yet we achieve better or comparable results from strong baseline models trained on human-labeled data. Furthermore, when mixed with labeled data, our approach serves as a highly effective data augmentation procedure, achieving new state-of-the-art results on the SuperGLUE benchmark.
Plasmons at the interface

Absorption of photons by solid materials is critical for applications such as photovoltaics (1), photocatalysis (2), and sensors (3). Fundamental to these technologies is the design of materials that can efficiently absorb photons of desired wavelengths and direct the separation and transport of the generated charge carriers [electrons (negative) and holes (positive)] to their respective collectors. Materials with high concentrations of free conducting electrons, such as coinage metals (Ag, Au, and Cu), have attracted attention for these applications because of their tunable ability to strongly concentrate a light flux in small volumes via the excitation of resonant surface plasmons. However, the lifetime of useful electrons and holes generated in metals upon the decay of surface plasmons is on the order of 1 ps, which limits their efficient collection. On page 632 of this issue, Wu et al. (4) overcome this limitation by demonstrating a direct, instantaneous transfer of plasmon-derived electrons into interfacial semiconductors that allows for efficient solar energy harvesting across a broad range of photon energies.
Studies of hydrogen exchange in proteins. II. The reversible thermal unfolding of chymotrypsinogen A as studied by exchange kinetics.

The hydrogen exchange kinetics of chymotrypsinogen A have been studied as a function of temperature and pH. At low pH and temperature, so chosen as to assure that the exchange proceeds predominantly through reversible thermal unfolding, the experimental rate constants and activation energy (72 ± 5 kcal at pH 2 and 27°) agree well with values calculated from available rate constants for thermal unfolding and refolding. At higher pH values and at temperatures below the thermal transition region, the measured rates are higher and the activation energies lower (35 ± 5 kcal at pH 5 and 37°) than expected for any exchange process involving thermal, cooperative unfolding. It can be shown that, although the formal mechanism of exchange through thermal unfolding changes with pH and the unfolding becomes rate-limiting at higher pH values, this fact does not explain the low activation energy. In order to explain the exchange of hard to exchange hydrogens without involving reversible thermal unfolding or changing the nature of such a transition, we suggest the existence of considerable segmental motion with relatively low activation energies, exposing in the kinetic sense all hydrogens to solution. Such a pathway of exchange would be sensitive to changes of rate in segmental motion in any part of the protein and give us information about surface properties of the protein. As a consequence, the observed changes in hydrogen exchange properties for proteins in general cannot be easily correlated to conformational changes in the thermodynamic sense.
Exploring History with Narrative Timelines

We develop novel timeline interfaces which separate the events in timelines into threads and then allow users to select among them. This interface is illustrated with five threads describing the causes of the American Civil War. In addition to selecting each of the threads, the sequence of events it describes can be played. That is, the user can step through the sequence of events and get a description of each event in the context of its thread. In addition, many of the events have links to more focused timelines and to external resources such as Wikipedia.
First Principles Determination of Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction in Transition Metal Alloys

First-principles electronic structure studies based on local spin density functional theory and performed on extremely complex simulations of ever increasingly realistic systems, play a very important role in explaining and predicting various magnetic properties. This review deals with one of the most challenging issues for first- principles theory, namely the determination of magnetostriction in transition metal systems. As is demonstrated, extensive first-principles calculations and model analyses provide simple physical insights for this complex phenomenon.
Design and Implementation of Scalable Hierarchical Density Based Clustering

Clustering is a useful technique that divides data points into groups, also known as clusters, such that the data points of the same cluster exhibit similar properties. Typical clustering algorithms assign each data point to at least one cluster. However, in practical datasets like microarray gene dataset, only a subset of the genes are highly correlated and the dataset is often polluted with a huge volume of genes that are irrelevant. In such cases, it is important to ignore the poorly correlated genes and just cluster the highly correlated genes. Automated Hierarchical Density Shaving (Auto-HDS) is a non-parametric density based technique that partitions only the relevant subset of the dataset into multiple clusters while pruning the rest. Auto-HDS performs a hierarchical clustering that identifies dense clusters of different densities and finds a compact hierarchy of the clusters identified. Some of the key features of Auto-HDS include selection and ranking of clusters using custom stability criterion and a topologically meaningful 2D projection and visualization of the clusters discovered in the higher dimensional original space. However, a key limitation of Auto-HDS is that it requires O(n) storage, and O(nlogn) computational complexity, making it scale up to only a few 10s of thousands of points. In this thesis, two extensions to Auto-HDS are presented for lower dimensional datasets that can generate clustering identical to Auto-HDS but can scale to much larger datasets. We first introduce Partitioned HDS that provides significant reduction in time and space complexity and makes it possible to generate the Auto-HDS cluster hierarchy on much larger datasets with 100s of millions of data points. Then, we describe Parallel Auto-HDS that takes advantage of the inherent parallelism available in Partitioned Auto-HDS to scale to even larger datasets without a corresponding increase in actual run time when a group of processors are available for parallel execution. Partitioned Auto-HDS is implemented on top of GeneDIVER, a previously existing Java based streaming implementation of Auto-HDS, and thus it retains all the key features of Auto-HDS including ranking, automatic selection of clusters and 2D visualization of the discovered cluster topology. Java Based Auto-HDS reduces the space complexity by streaming the distance matrix to the secondary storage nevertheless storage required is O(n). limited by the computation time and not the memory, since the O(n) storage is on the hard drive. Java based Implementation of Auto-HDS http://www.ideal.ece.utexas.edu/~gunjan/genediver.
The fluid dynamics of an underfloor air distribution system

This paper discusses the fluid dynamics of an underfloor air distribution (UFAD) ventilation system in which, in contrast to conventional air-conditioning systems, cool air is delivered from diffusers in the floor rather than from overhead vents. In order to produce more realistic models of UFAD systems, we extend previous work on a simplified system consisting of a single heat source at floor level and a single cooling diffuser, to the case of multiple cooling diffusers and a single heat source located at different heights above the floor. We carry out experiments in which the heat source is represented as a buoyant plume, and the cooling diffusers are modelled using negatively buoyant vertical jets. The experiments show that the properties of the system are determined by the entrainment into the plumes and the negatively buoyant jets. We characterize these entrainment processes by entrainment coefficients, and develop a theoretical model based on layered models of ventilation flows. The model predictions are compared with the laboratory experiments, and used to determine the dependence of these parameters on the cooling load, the ventilation rate and the properties of the cooling diffusers.
The Politics of Biblical Interpretation: A ‘Criticism of Criticism’

Following Joseph Ratzinger's call for a ‘criticism of criticism’, this article situates the history of modern biblical criticism in its political context within the centuries long church state conflict. Beginning with Medieval Muslim polemical literature, this article traces through history the politically and theologically motivated philological analyses and hostility toward spiritual exegesis which formed the foundation upon which eighteenth and nineteenth century biblical criticism built. Rather than the result of some objective scientific enterprise, the methods modern Bible scholars employed often served state politics as well as other prior commitments.
Applying natural language processing (NLP) based metadata extraction to automatically acquire user preferences

This paper describes a metadata extraction technique based on natural language processing (NLP) which extracts personalized information from email communications between financial analysts and their clients. Personalized means connecting users with content in a personally meaningful way to create, grow, and retain online relationships. Personalization often results in the creation of user profiles that store individuals' preferences regarding goods or services offered by various e-commerce merchants. With the introduction of e-commerce, it has become more difficult to develop and maintain personalized information due to larger transaction volumes. is an NLP and Machine Learning (ML)-based automatic metadata extraction system designed to process textual data such as emails, discussion group postings, or chat group transcriptions. extracts both explicit and implicit metadata elements including proper names, numeric concepts, and topic/subject information. In addition, Speech Act Theory inspired metadata elements, which represent the message creators' intention, mood, and urgency are also extracted. In a typical dialogue between financial analysts and their clients, clients often discuss the items that they liked or have an interest. By extracting this information, constructs user profiles automatically. This system has been designed, implemented, and tested with real-world data. The overall accuracy and coverage of extracting explicit and implicit metadata is about 90%. In summary, the paper shows that an NLP-based metadata extraction system enables automatic user profiling with high effectiveness.
The role of adenosine in rat coronary flow regulation during respiratory and metabolic acidosis.

Abstract The role of adenosine in rat coronary flow regulation during acidosis was evaluated in isolated, perfused, Langendorff rat heart preparations exposed to brief periods of hypercapnic or metabolic acidosis. Acidosis resulted in increases in coronary flow rate, in conjunction with decreases in ventricular contractile tensions. Heart rates were non-significantly increased. Two non-selective adenosine antagonists, caffeine and 8-phenyltheophylline, markedly attenuated the increases in coronary flow during hypercapnic acidosis without affecting the decline in contractile tension or the heart rate. ZM 241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3- a ]triazin-5-yl amino]ethyl)phenol), a selective adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist, also blocked hypercapnic acidosis-evoked coronary flow rate increases. The adenosine A 1 selective antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, did not affect flow rate increases during hypercapnic acidosis. SCH 58261 (5-amino-7-(2-phenyl ethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- c ] pyrimidine, a selective adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist, blocked the increases in coronary flow rate evoked by metabolic acidosis. An adenosine transport inhibitor, dipyridamole, doubled coronary flow rates during hypercapnic acidosis. When taken in conjunction with previous reports that acidosis enhances adenosine release from cardiac preparations, these results suggest that adenosine is a significant contributor to acidosis-evoked increases in coronary flow.
The protein composition of isolated myelin.

—Three fractions, each containing markedly different proteins, was obtained from myelin: (1) The first fraction was obtained as an insoluble residue when myelin was extracted with neutral chloroform-methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v). It was digestible with trypsin and had an amino acid composition similar to that of the acidic proteolipid protein of Wolfgkam (1966). (2) The second fraction was obtained as a precipitate by the addition of various electrolytes (KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 or HCl) to the CM (2:1 v/v) extract. This fraction consisted mainly of a basic protein which exhibited an electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition indistinguishable from those of the basic protein obtained from white matter (Martensson and LeBaron, 1966). This procedure provided for a simple and rapid isolation of the basic protein from myelin. Depending on the conditions of precipitation, this fraction was either free of lipid or contained tri- and diphosphoinositide. The effects of different ions at differing concentrations and the yield and nature of the precipitate have been studied. (3) A third fraction remained in solution in CM (2:1, v/v) after the addition of the electrolyte. It comprised the bulk of the myelin lipids and a protein fraction which was resistant to digestion with trypsin and had an amino acid composition similar to the classical proteolipid protein of Folch-Pi and Lees (1951). The possibility of a salt-type bonding between the basic protein and the polyphosphoinositides is discussed, and values for tri- and diphosphoinositide in bovine myelin are given.
High-performance aromatic polyimide fibers. 6. Structure and morphology changes in compressed BPDA-DMB fibers

Abstract A high-performance aromatic polyimide fiber has been spun from a high molecular weight polyimide synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (DMB). The fiber exhibits not only excellent tensile properties and high temperature resistance but also a high compressive strength of 655 MPa. Morphological observations of BPDA-DMB fibers indicate that the fiber shows a skin-core structure and microfibrillar textures. A banded texture can also be found with a spacing of about 2μm, which may be introduced by the liquid crystalline behavior that appears during processing. Compressed BPDADMB fibers form kink and microkink bands over different size scales. The detailed formation mechanism of these banded textures is discussed. The structure parameter changes during compression-including crystal unit cell parameters, apparent crystallinity, crystal and overall orientation, and apparent crystallite sizes-are monitored. It is found that after restr...
Nonlinear and adaptive control of NO/NO2 ratio for improving selective catalytic reduction system performance

Abstract Reducing the NOx emissions from Diesel engines remains as a challenging issue as the emission standards for Diesel engine powered vehicles have become more stringent than ever before. Urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems have emerged as a promising technique in addressing this issue. However, the SCR performance in terms of NOx reduction and ammonia slip continues as an ongoing challenge due to the engine exhaust gas temperature variations, Diesel emission characteristics (especially high NO/NO2 ratio), and immature SCR controls. The purpose of this study is to improve the SCR performance by feeding the SCR system with exhaust gas having the desired NO/NO2 ratio. The proposed complete active NO/NO2 ratio control consists of a low-level adaptive NO/NO2 ratio controller and a high-level nonlinear soot mass controller. The low-level controller utilizes the pre-SCR catalysts such as Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) to convert part of NO into NO2, while the high-level controller was designed and coordinated with the low-level controller to avoid NO2 reduction through the Diesel particulate filter (DPF). Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed active NO/NO2 ratio control has the potentials of regulating the NO/NO2 ratio to the desired value and thus considerably improving the SCR performance. Simulation results also illustrate that the active NO/NO2 ratio control can enable the SCR system size reduction by a half without a significant sacrifice on the overall tailpipe emission control performance. Such an integrated aftertreatment system control can be instrumental in reducing the cost and improving the performance of SCR systems, especially in low-temperature operations.
Vascularity of uterine myomas: assessment by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different clinical and anatomical factors on the vascularity of uterine myomas. Methods: The study group included 195 patients, 153 premenopausal and 42 postmenopausal. Four hundred five myomas, 316 in the first group and 89 in the second, were studied by color Doppler ultrasound. Differences in the visualization of blood flow and resistance index (RI) were analyzed according to several factors, including: menopausal status, phase of menstrual cycle, duration of menopause, size and location of the myomas, and secondary changes within the myomas. Results: The size of myomas was the most important single factor in determining both visualization of blood flow and RI. A higher blood flow visualization rate (BFVR) and a lower RI were found: (1) in the premenopausal compared with the postmenopausal patients (P < 0.05), (2) in the group of larger myomas compared with the group of smaller myomas (P < 0.0001), and (3) in submucosal and subserosal myomas compared with intramural myomas (P < 0.05). Other above-mentioned factors did have some, but not significant, influence on the visualization of blood flow and resistance to blood flow. Conclusion: Differences in the vascularity and resistance to blood flow in uterine myomas may limit the clinical use of color Doppler ultrasound.
Successful fibrinolytic therapy for superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to long-term total parenteral nutrition.

Thrombosis of the superior vena cava and other major central veins is an unusual and infrequent complication of total parenteral nutrition. When it does occur, it may be life threatening and prompt therapy is indicated. A case of superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to an indwelling Broviac catheter for long-term parenteral nutrition is presented, which was successfully treated with Streptokinase with reestablishment of flow through the catheter and veins. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition9:55-57, 1985)
The Acousto-Electric Effect

A new effect, the acousto-electric effect, is predicted on the basis of theoretical calculations. This effect deals with the generation of an electric current by a traveling longitudinal acoustic wave. The time-average of the generated current is found to depend on the sound power but not on the frequency of the acoustic wave. Illustrative calculations on a metal (sodium) and a semiconductor ($n$-type germanium) indicate that the effect should be experimentally measurable. An interesting analogy with the thermoelectric effect is pointed out.
A Review of Convective Loss Data From Solar Central Receivers

A summary of previous experimental evaluations to determine convective losses from solar central receivers is given. In this review studies performed directly on actual central receivers or simulations that closely approximate central receiver geometries are considered. Because of the diversity of the previous studies, there are a number of classifications of the studies that can be made. From one perspective, two types of evaluations have been carried out: either those using performance data (often called efficiency tests), or those configuring the receiver so that losses can be more directly inferred (loss tests). In addition to classifying the experimental configurations according to geometry type (either external or cavity forms), it is also beneficial to distinguish between evaluations that take place when normal solar flux levels are incident upon the receiver (flux-on tests) and those made with no flux present (flux-off evaluations). Previous tests are categorized according to the method of testing used. Special attention is given to the range of the physical parameters represented by the experiments, particularly the Grashof number.
Early diagenesis in a reducing fjord, Saanich Inlet, British Columbia—II. Trace element distribution in interstitial water and sediment

Sediment and interstitial water from four cores in Saanich Inlet were analyzed for total iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, zinc, lithium and strontium. In addition, three separate sediment fractions were analyzed: 1. (i) dilute acid soluble 2. (ii) hydrogen peroxide soluble and 3. (iii) non-extractable residue. In the interstitial waters, Fe, Mn and occasionally Zn showed enrichment varying from one to several orders of magnitude greater than the overlying sea water, the highest concentration was attained by Mn (3.3 ppm). Other elements were enriched only by a factor of 2 to 5 above sea water concentration. Enrichments are probably due to: 1. (1) organic complexing of the metals 2. (2) equilibration with mineral phases which could generally not be identified in the solid. Concentration of transition and base metals in the sediment is dependent on the source (provenance) of the detrital minerals and biogenic components (either skeletal tests or organic compounds). Little evidence was found for removal of these elements from the water column at the water-sediment interface. Diagenesis within the sediment column appears to be time-dependent. Mobilization of elements, particularly Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn, takes place away from the insoluble silicate phase into the H2O2 soluble phase, which suggests organic complexing.
354 EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE TO NARCOTICS ON CORD BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS OF PROLACTIN (PRL), CORTISOL(C), AND THYROXINE (T 4 ) IN PRETERM INFANTS

354 EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE TO NARCOTICS ON CORD BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS OF PROLACTIN (PRL), CORTISOL(C), AND THYROXINE (T 4 ) IN PRETERM INFANTS
Desorption of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from Ni(100), Ni(100)p(2 × 2)S, and Ni(100)c(2 × 2)S surfaces

The adsorption and desorption of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from Ni(100), Ni(100)p(2 × 2)S and Ni(100)c(2 × 2)S were investigated by temperature programmed desorption. The presence of sulfur reduced values of the kinetic parameters which characterized hydrogen recombination from E = 21.3 kcalgmole and v = 5 × 10−2cm2atom·s on clean Ni(100) to ∼10 kcalgmole and 3 × 10−8cm2atom·s on the c(2 × 2) surface. The low values of the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for hydrogen desorption from sulfurized Ni(100) surfaces correlate with the peaked spatial distribution of desorbing hydrogen observed by others. The low v values appear to originate from severe steric hindrance to hydrogen recombination on these surfaces. Surface sulfur reduced the amount of carbon monoxide adsorbed in the state characteristic of the clean Ni(100) surface while enhancing additional peaks at lower temperatures. Desorption spectra of CO on the clean, p(2 × 2), and c(2 × 2) surfaces suggested that the primary binding site for carbon monoxide on clean Ni(100) is the four-fold hollow rather than the on top site.
Average Quantal Behavior and Thermodynamic Isolation

We study the thermodynamic concept of isolation. The causal motion of a system that models a thermodynamic “universe” but nevertheless couples to a surround is reconciled with an increase of entropy-in the manner of the second law of thermodynamics-for the system. The system's ket space isn-dimensional, the surround's isK -dimensional, and the initial state is taken “purepure”: the tensor product of a puren-state with a pureK-state. Near-maximal entropy is found for the reducedn-state in deep time, first for most random Hamiltonians, then also under restriction to weakn-K coupling-but then with a shortfall of about 1 bit.
Facial Myokymia in Association with Medulloblastoma

SUMMARY A case is reported of medulloblastoma in a five-year- old boy which presented as communicating hydrocephalus, in which the presence of unilateral facial myokymia ultimately led to the diagnosis. The possible pathophysiology of myokymia and its importance as a clinical sign are discussed. RESUME Myokymie faciale associee a un medulloblastome Les auteurs rapportent le cas d'un garcon de cinq ans atteint de medulloblastome qui presentait une hydrocephalic communicante dans laquelle la presence d'une myokymie faciale unilateral a permis finalement le diagnostic. La pathophysiologic de la myokymie et son importance comme signe clinique sont discutees. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Faciale Myokymie in Verbindung mit Medulloblastom Es wird uber einen 5 Jahre alten Jungen berichtet, der einen communizierenden Hydrocephalus hatte und bei dem eine einseitge faciale Myokymie schlieslich zur Diagnose fuhrte. Die mogliche Pathophysiologic der Myokymie und ihre Bedeutung als klinisches Symptom werden diskutiert. RESUMEN Mioquimia facial asociada a meduloblastoma Se aporta un caso de meduloblastoma en un nino de 5 anos de edad que presentaba una hidrocefalia comunicante. en la que la presencia de una mioquimia facial unilateral condujo finalmente al diagnostics Se discute la posible patofisiologia de la mioquimia y suimportancia como signo clinico.
Cosmic ray results on total cross section

Abstract This talk is a review of the methods used to estimate the proton total cross section in the SSC energy range from observations of air showers with energies of order 10 18 eV. The relation between this kind of measurement and the cross section is rather indirect. I briefly describe each of the essential steps and discuss the uncertainty that it introduces.
Also Chosen: Jews in the Imagination and Life of a Black Sanctified Church

"The Church," an unaffiliated sanctified community, was founded in Philadelphia between World Wars I and II by participants in the Great Migration of Blacks from the rural South. Generally lacking in specialized labor skills, they arrived in Philadelphia at a time when industry was shifting to the suburbs. Founding members who referred to each other as "saints" settled in the inner city, and most worked for, or were clients of, Jews. Yet, in spite of the middleman role of Jews in their community, the saints shared positive sentiments toward Jews, invoking them as role models of success. This article investigates the subversion of potential anti-Semitism by assessing the interplay of sociohistorical conditions of urban migration with the belief in chosenness held by the saints. For the founding saints, salvation came through Jesus Christ; but it also came by the law, which they interpreted to include selected Levitical laws. Thus, they believed that they were effectively "grafted" into a contractual relationship with God, similar to the covenant God had with ancient Israel. Like the Jews, the saints saw themselves as chosen, and through compliance with divine law they would be blessed in every aspect of life. Being chosen was also associated with holiness effected by separation from "The World." This socially distanced the saints—already physically distanced from their southern communities—from the larger Black community that could have provided Black role models. Jews, who were visibly successful, filled this gap. Feeling just as chosen as Jews, the saints harbored less anti-Semitic resentment. As both groups shared the same love and bounty of the law, the boundaries between the saints and "Jews as other" were blurred.