cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CPR for Urban deer management objectives: Clarity, practicality, and relevance

Effective management of formerly scarce and now abundant game species has been identified as a considerable challenge facing the North American model of wildlife conservation. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management efforts in developed landscapes are often contentious and face numerous obstacles to implement. We drew upon our experiences conducting, overseeing, and assessing deer manage- ment in urban-suburban-exurban settings, and summarized a variety of literature to identify both biological and social complexities encountered. We concluded that many challenges may be addressed by developing clear fundamental and enabling program objectives, related to practical limitations, and measured through metrics relevant to fundamental desires of stakeholders. Although managers often seek to implement programs to address fundamental objectives related to condition of deer populations or impacts on plant communities, the greatest public concerns often relate to threats to public safety (e.g., risk of being involved in a deer-vehicle collision or contracting Lyme disease) and property (e.g., costs from deer-vehicle collisions or damaged landscaping). Establishing practical expectations requires considering the biological complexities of deer management regarding the potential of 1) density-dependent reproductive responses, 2) time lags between population response to management and changes in condition indices and vegetation response, and 3) nonlinear relationships between deer densities and several key fundamental objectives. Relevance to public expectations for some objectives requires developing appropriate metrics of success and potentially pursuing an alternative to the typical enabling objective of reducing the deer population. Paying attention to CPR—clarity, practicality, and relevance of management programs—can resuscitate the public's trust in managers' abilities to effectively manage public trust resources. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Adolescent Fathers in the Justice System Hoping for a Boy and Making Him a Man

Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we explored the development of father identity among boys involved in the juvenile justice system. Youth were recruited from a juvenile detention center and school district in a northern California county with a high teen birth rate. The participants were expecting a child or parenting an infant and had been arrested, incarcerated, or had committed a crime. We collected data through observations and individual interviews. Using constant comparative and dimensional analysis, we found that expectant adolescent fathers hoped for a boy and envisioned their central role as father to be making their son a man. This article contributes to greater understanding of father identity development for youth involved in the justice system. We suggest that teen parenting policies and programs include interventions sensitized by gender, accounting for the influence masculine ideals of manhood have on the development of father identity and the father-child relationship.
Top 10 Research Questions Related to Exercise Deficit Disorder (EDD) in Youth

Exercise deficit disorder (EDD) is a pediatric medical condition characterized by reduced levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that are below current recommendations and inconsistent with positive health outcomes. At present, a majority of children and adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for EDD because they are not accumulating minimum thresholds of daily MVPA. The purpose of this article is to highlight 10 important research questions related to EDD in youth. The critical research needs to better define the clinical spectrum of EDD to include an assessment of physical activity behaviors to determine the age or stage of maturation at which EDD first emerges; an examination of the kinesiogenesis of movement skills and physical abilities; and an evaluation of lifestyle factors that can influence the MVPA trajectory in youth. Research questions about interventions and policies to treat EDD include evaluating the education and training of health care providers on the importance of exe...
Home Sleep Tests for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a fairly common condition that, if left untreated, can lead to complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease. Polysomnography (PSG) is the most accurate method for diagnosing OSA, but it is a cumbersome and expensive test. A well-validated, easier to perform and less expensive alternative is the home sleep test (HST). The purpose of this review is to educate the primary care provider about the important differences between PSG and HSTs, the advantages and limitations of both modalities, identifying patients who are appropriate candidates for the HST, identifying patients in whom the HST should not be performed, and further evaluation of patients who have a negative HST.
T cell metabolism drives immunity

Lymphocytes must adapt to a wide array of environmental stressors as part of their normal development, during which they undergo a dramatic metabolic remodeling process. Research in this area has yielded surprising findings on the roles of diverse metabolic pathways and metabolites, which have been found to regulate lymphocyte signaling and influence differentiation, function and fate. In this review, we integrate the latest findings in the field to provide an up-to-date resource on lymphocyte metabolism.
Pre-offering earnings and the long-run performance of IPOs

Abstract Consistent with the results in Ritter [J. Finance 46 (1991) 3–27.], this study finds that Initial Public Offering (IPO) firms, as a whole, underperformed a market index and control firms over a 3-year period after going public. However, the IPO firms that had positive earnings at the time of offering seemed to have fared better than the firms that went public with losses. Although the long-run median returns indicate that all IPOs underperformed the NASDAQ index and a set of control firms matched by industry and size, only the firms going public with negative earnings had statistically and economically significant negative abnormal mean returns. The general findings in this study suggest that investors may have been too optimistic about future prospects of the IPO firms, especially those that had negative earnings.
Do Peer Effects Improve Hand Hygiene Adherence among Healthcare Workers

Objective. To determine whether hand hygiene adherence is influenced by peer effects and, specifically, whether the presence and proximity of other healthcare workers has a positive effect on hand hygiene adherence Design. An observational study using a sensor network. Setting. A 20-bed medical intensive care unit at a large university hospital. Participants. Hospital staff assigned to the medical intensive care unit. Methods. We deployed a custom-built, automated, hand hygiene monitoring system that can (1) detect whether a healthcare worker has practiced hand hygiene on entering and exiting a patient’s room and (2) estimate the location of other healthcare workers with respect to each healthcare worker exiting or entering a room. Results. We identified a total of 47,694 in-room and out-of-room hand hygiene opportunities during the 10-day study period. When a worker was alone (no recent healthcare worker contacts), the observed adherence rate was 20.85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.78%–21.92%). In contrast, when other healthcare workers were present, observed adherence was 27.90% (95% CI, 27.48%–28.33%). This absolute increase was statistically significant (P < .01). We also found that adherence increased with the number of nearby healthcare workers but at a decreasing rate. These results were consistent at different times of day, for different measures of social context, and after controlling for possible confounding factors. Conclusions. The presence and proximity of other healthcare workers is associated with higher hand hygiene rates. Furthermore, our results also indicate that rates increase as the social environment becomes more crowded, but with diminishing marginal returns. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(10):1277–1285
Heteroepitaxial growth of TiO2 films by ion-beam sputter deposition

Heteroepitaxial TiO 2 films of the rutile and anatase phases have been grown using the ion-beam sputter deposition technique. The orientations of the highest-quality rutile films grown and their corresponding substrates are (100)/(0001)Al 2 O 3 , (101)/(1120)Al 2 O 3 , (001)/(1010)Al 2 O 3 , and (110)/(110)MgO. This is the first report of the heteroepitaxial growth of (001)/(1010)Al 2 O 3 and (110)/(110)MgO rutile films. Results indicate that the films are aligned both perpendicular and parallel to the plane of the film. Distinct surface morphologies are observed for each orientation. The (100) and (101) rutile orientations were also grown on (111)MgO and (1102)Al 2 O 3 , respectively. The (100) anatase grew on both (100)MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 . The growth mechanisms of several rutile films on Al 2 O 3 substrates were investigated, and the data suggest island or Volmer-Weber type growth.
Variable agronomic practices, cultivar, strain source and initial contamination dose differentially affect survival of Escherichia coli on spinach

Aims: Greenhouse and field trials were conducted under different agronomic practices and inoculum doses of environmental Escherichia coli and attenuated E. coli O157:H7, to comparatively determine whether these factors influence their survival on leaves and within the rhizosphere. Methods and Results: Hydroponic conditions: E. coli spray-inoculated at log 4 CFU ml )1 was recovered from leaf surfaces at a mean population of 1AE6 log CFU g )1 at 15 days. E. coli O157:H7 sprayed at log 2 or 4 CFU ml )1 levelled off on spinach leaf surfaces at a mean average population of 1AE4 log CFU g )1 after 14 days, regardless of initial dose. Quantitative recovery was inconsistent across leaf developmental age. Field conditions: Average populations of E. coli O157:H7 spray-inoculated at log 1AE45 or 3AE4 CFU m )2 levelled off at log 1AE2 CFU g )1 over a 14-day period. Pathogen recovery from leaves was inconsistent when compared to regularly positive detection on basal shoot tissue. Pathogen recovery from soil was inconsistent among sampling locations. Moisture content varied up to 40% DW and was associated with 50% (P <0 AE05) decrease in positive locations for E. coli O157:H7 but not for E. coli. Conclusions: Overall, similar populations of environmental E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were recovered from plants despite differences in inoculum dose and agronomic conditions. Strain source had a significant impact on the quantitative level and duration of survival on leaves and in soil. Water availability appeared to be the determinant factor in survival of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7; however, E. coli showed greater environmental fitness. Significance and Impact of the Study: Persistence of surrogate, indicator E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, irrespective of variable growing conditions in spinach is predominantly limited by water availability, strain source and localization within the plant. These findings are anticipated to ultimately be adopted into routine and investigative pathogen testing protocols and mechanical harvest practices of spinach.
Selective vapor phase sensing of small molecules using biofunctionalized field effect transistors

This work details a proof of concept study for vapor phase selective sensing using a strategy of biorecognition elements (BRE) integrated into a zinc oxide field effect transistor (ZnO FET). ZnO FETs are highly sensitive to changes to the environment with little to no selectivity. Addition of a biorecognition element retains the sensitivity of the device while adding selectivity. The DNA aptamer designed to bind the small molecule riboflavin was covalently integrated into the ZnO FET and detects the presence of 116 ppb of riboflavin in a nitrogen atmosphere by a change in current. The unfunctionalized ZnO FET shows no response to this same concentrations of riboflavin, showing that the aptamerbinding strategy may be a promising strategy for vapor phase sensing.
The Effects of Seafloor Roughness on Reverberation: Finite Difference and Kirchhoff Simulations

Hybrid finite difference and Kirchhoff methods are used to examine the effects of varying seafloor roughness on energy scattered from the seafloor from an impinging acoustic wave at a very low angle (5°). Scattering is found to be highly dependent upon scales of roughness smaller than an acoustic wavelength. For similar seafloors, Kirchhoff and acoustic finite difference schemes are shown to predict scattering behaviors which are quite similar, but which are very different than scattering from an elastic seafloor.
Cancer immunotherapy and immune-related response assessment: The role of radiologists in the new arena of cancer treatment.

The recent advances in the clinical application of anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents have opened a new arena for the treatment of advanced cancers. Cancer immunotherapy is associated with a variety of important radiographic features in the assessments of tumor response and immune-related adverse events, which calls for radiologists’ awareness and in-depth knowledge on the topic. This article will provide the state-of-the art review and perspectives of cancer immunotherapy, including its molecular mechanisms, the strategies for immune-related response assessment on imaging and their pitfalls, and the emerging knowledge of radiologic manifestations of immune-related adverse events. The cutting edge clinical and radiologic investigations are presented to provide future directions.
XL.—Description of Scolopendra valida, Lucas, with notes on allied species

(1888). XL.—Description of Scolopendra valida, Lucas, with notes on allied species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 335-340.
Bayesian Learning of a Tree Substitution Grammar

Tree substitution grammars (TSGs) offer many advantages over context-free grammars (CFGs), but are hard to learn. Past approaches have resorted to heuristics. In this paper, we learn a TSG using Gibbs sampling with a nonparametric prior to control subtree size. The learned grammars perform significantly better than heuristically extracted ones on parsing accuracy.
Numerical modeling of sub-surface initiated spalling in rolling contacts

Abstract A 3D finite element model was developed to investigate the influence of microstructure topology on the stochastic nature of rolling contact fatigue. Grains of the material microstructure are modeled with random Voronoi tessellations. Continuum damage mechanics and mesh partitioning are implemented to capture the initiation and propagation phases of fatigue damage that lead to spalling. Simulated fatigue spalling is shown to progress similarly to experimental observations of rolling contact fatigue. The fatigue lives obtained with the model exhibit scatter on par with empirical measures and are fit well by 2 and 3-parameter Weibull distributions.
Distant effects of experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Acute renal failure results in significant morbidity and mortality, yet renal failure is not the usual cause of death in the clinical situation. We have previously reported systemic increases in the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) after renal ischemia in the mouse. In the present study, an animal model of bilateral renal ischemia was used to test the hypothesis that cytokines released with renal ischemia have effects on other organ systems. Increased levels of immunoreactive TNF-alpha and IL-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA were found in the heart after renal ischemia in the rat. This was accompanied by increases in myeloperoxidase activity, an index of tissue leukocyte infiltration, in the heart as well as the liver and lung. Functional changes in the heart 48 h after renal ischemia included increases in left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular end systolic diameter, and decreased fractional shortening by echocardiography. Evidence of apoptosis of cardiac cells was also found 48 h after an abbreviated period of renal ischemia insufficient to induce azotemia but not bilateral nephrectomy (which resulted in significant renal failure), suggesting that renal ischemia but not uremia is necessary for the apoptosis observed. It was also found that blocking the action of TNF-alpha limited cardiac apoptosis. Renal ischemia results in distant effects and the alterations observed in the heart may be important in the morbidity and mortality observed clinically.
Modeling and control information flow for a CIM system using colored Petri nets

The authors present colored Petri net models of information flows in a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. Three important subsystems of CIM are considered: manufacturing resource planning (MRP), process planning, and shop floor control. They model the required functionality of each subsystem using IDEF0, which provides a static modeling method for the information flows. From these IDEF0 models, colored Petri net models are created for the analysis and control of information flows for a CIM system. In these colored Petri nets, some transitions that are macro transitions can be easily refined by specific control strategies. >
Toward Cost Effective Planning and Management of Water Quality.

Water resources, especially those in urban areas near large rivers, lakes and estuaries, have serious management problems today. In central parts of Canada and…
Impairment in orthostatic tolerance during heat exposure in individuals with Type I and Type II diabetes.

Background Diabetes is often associated with orthostatic hypotension and temperature intolerance. Studies have examined either one stress or the other and not both to see if the stresses are additive. Material/methods Eight subjects with Type 1 and 12 subjects with Type 2 diabetes and 15 controls were tested for orthostatic intolerance during a vertical tilt in a thermally neutral environment (22 degrees C) and a warm room (42 degrees C). Blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, skin blood flow and skin and body temperature were recorded. Results All subjects experienced reductions in their cardiac output and blood pressure when tilted. In the warmer environment, significant impairments in the compensatory blood pressure response and redistribution of cardiac output were found in subjects with diabetes. When tilted to the vertical posture, subjects with diabetes experienced reductions of about 10 mmHg in systolic blood pressure in the cool environment, and a reduction of 21 mmHg when tilted in the warm environment. The fall in the systolic pressure in the subjects with diabetes was accompanied by corresponding reductions in stroke volume and cardiac output (from 5.06 L/min to 4.75 L/min) but no change in the heart rate. To compensate for a vertical tilt, skin blood flow was reduced by about half in the controls but there was only a small vasoconstriction in the subjects with diabetes. Conclusions Individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, while showing some loss in orthostatic tolerance in a cool environment, showed significant clinical impairment associated with heat exposure.
Ab INITIO CALCULATION OF THE LixCoO2 PHASE DIAGRAM

The electrochemical properties of the layered intercalation compound LiCoO 2 used as a cathode in Li batteries have been investigated extensively in the past 15 years. Despite this research, little is known about the nature and thermodynamic driving forces for the phase transformations that occur as the Li concentration is varied. In this work, the phase diagram of Li x CoO 2 is calculated from first principles for x ranging from 0 to 1. Our calculations indicate that there is a tendency for Li ordering at x = 1/2 in agreement with experiment [1]. At low Li concentration, we find that a staged compound is stable in which the Li ions selectively segregate to every other Li plane leaving the remaining Li planes vacant. We find that the two phase region observed at high Li concentration is not due to Li ordering and speculate that it is driven by a metal-insulator transition which occurs at concentrations slightly below x
Unusual reticulated parenthosomes surround the dolipore of a hyphomycete with clamp connections, Ditangifibulae dikaryotae gen. et sp. nov.

Ditangifibulae dikaryotae gen. et sp. nov. is described from culture and by electron microscopy. Median longitudinal sections through hyphal septa reveal a dolipore surrounded by an unusual parenth...
Influence of Plants on the Parasitization of the Tarnished Plant Bug by Leiophron pallipe

Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were collected in the vicinity of Storrs, Conn., and the parasitoids were reared from them. Leiophron pallipes Curtis was the principal hymenopterous parasitoid obtained. A few Euphoriana uniformis Gahan were reared from tarnished plant bugs from a field near East Hartford, Conn., but were not obtained from bugs collected around Storrs. Tarnished plant bug nymphs were collected from plants of several taxa and were dissected to determine parasitization. Nymphs found on Erigeron spp. were much more heavily parasitized than nymphs collected on other plants. The highest parasitization in July occurred on E. strigosus Muhl. and E. annuus (L.), ranging from more than 80 to nearly 60% in different fields during this period. The highest parasitization during August was on E. Canadensis L., where more than 30% of the nymphs were parasitized. The highest parasitization on other plants during July and August was 11% on Verbena spp. Parasitization of nymphs collected on Daucus carota L., Solidago spp., Polygonium pennsylvanicum L., Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pretense L., Chenopodium album L., Oenothera biennis L., and Amaranthus retrofiexus L. was negligible or nonexistent during both months.
Single transient radiation damage to optical fibers from a fission source

Radiation damage on optical fibers has been extensively studied with continuous radiation sources1 and pulsed x-ray2 and electron sources.3 None of these studies has a source which represents the temporal and spectral radiation history from a nuclear device.
Resuscitation Research in Emergency Medicine

Copyright: © 2012 Mottram AR. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Sudden cardiac death is a worldwide public health problem with overwhelmingly poor outcomes. Improvements in outcome have been relatively refractory to otherwise impressive advances in the provision of emergency and intensive care medicine. Incremental progress has been demonstrated for some interventions such as community automated external defibrillator programs, timely provision of chest compressions, therapeutic hypothermia, and multidisciplinary coordinated approaches to care. Clearly, some outcomes can be improved through the provision of high quality, specific interventions [1,2]. However, the sudden cardiac death patient remains complex and poorly understood in terms of pathophysiology and optimal management. This is highlighted by the fact that there has been no significant change to the cardiac arrest pharmacopoeia in the modern era of advanced cardiac life support [3].
An In-depth Study of Mobile Browser Performance

Mobile page load times are an order of magnitude slower compared to non-mobile pages. It is not clear what causes the poor performance: the slower network, the slower computational speeds, or other reasons. Further, most Web optimizations are designed for non-mobile browsers and do not translate well to the mobile browser. Towards understanding mobile Web page load times, in this paper we: (1) perform an in-depth pairwise comparison of loading a page on a mobile versus a non-mobile browser, and (2) characterize the bottlenecks in the mobile browser {\em vis-a-vis} non-mobile browsers. To this end, we build a testbed that allows us to directly compare the low-level page load activities and bottlenecks when loading a page on a mobile versus a non-mobile browser. We find that computation is the main bottleneck when loading a page on mobile browsers. This is in contrast to non-mobile browsers where networking is the main bottleneck. We also find that the composition of the critical path during page load is different when loading pages on the mobile versus the non-mobile browser. A key takeaway of our work is that we need to fundamentally rethink optimizations for mobile browsers.
[Mutation of drug resistant gene in HIV/AIDS patients with antiretroviral therapy in Shandong province in 2011].

Objective To investigate drug resistance status in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Shandong province.Methods A total of 758 patients were separated from the anticoagulatory whole blood during May and October in 2011.The entire protease gene and part of the reverse transcriptase gene were amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR in the samples with viral load larger than 1000 copies/ml,then sequenced the gene fragments.Mutation of drug resistant gene and drug susceptibility was analyzed by the online tool HIV db program developed by Stanford University.Results The rate of virologic failure in patients was 9.1％ ( 69/758 ).A total of 53 gene sequences that acquired were used for genotypic resistance analysis.A total of 23 patients were indicated drug resistance with the total of 3.1％ (23/742).Drug resistance rates of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NRTI ) and non-NRTI (NNRTI) were 2.4％ (18/742) and 3.0％ (22/742),respectively,and the primary mutation types of drug resistance were M184V and Y181C for NRTI and NNRTI,with no resistance to protease inhibitor(PI).In the 23 patients indicated drug resistance,78.3％ (18/23) were NRTI resistance,95.7％ (22/23) were NNRTI resistance and 73.9％ (17/23) dual NRTI and NNRTI resistance.Conclusion The presence of drug resistant gene in HIV strains among AIDS patients with HAART in Shandong province was at low level,but mutation diversity was found in drug resistant gene. Key words: HIV; Drug resistance , viral; Mutation; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Forecasting the Value of Podiatric Medical Care in Newly Insured Diabetic Patients During Implementation of the Affordable Care Act in California

Background: Because value-based care is critical to the Affordable Care Act success, we forecasted inpatient costs and the potential impact of podiatric medical care on savings in the diabetic popu...
Scheduling in-situ analytics in next-generation applications

Next-generation applications increasingly rely on in situ analytics to guide computation, reduce the amount of I/O performed, and perform other important tasks. Scheduling where and when to run analytics is challenging, however. This paper quantifies the costs and benefits of different approaches to scheduling applications and analytics on nodes in large-scale applications, including space sharing, uncoordinated time sharing, and gang scheduled time sharing.
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in establishing a venous pressure gradient in a patient with possible nutcracker syndrome

Nutcracker syndrome is characterized by abnormal acute angulation of the superior mesenteric artery origin from the aorta, with resulting compression and hypertension of the crossing left renal vein. The radiologic studies used in diagnosis are typically limited to standard cross-sectional anatomic imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, with occasional use of Doppler ultrasound imaging for hemodynamic quantification. The standard for acquiring anatomic and physiologic information continues to be invasive venography. We describe the successful novel application of phase-encoded magnetic resonance imaging as a noninvasive method for acquiring anatomic and hemodynamic data in a case of possible nutcracker syndrome in a young patient.
Imbalanced Activity in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Impairs Behavioral Inhibition.

Summary Contemporary models of behavioral regulation maintain that balanced activity between cognitive control areas (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and subcortical reward-related regions (nucleus accumbens, NAC) mediates the selection of appropriate behavioral responses, whereas imbalanced activity (PFC
Informatics for Perinatal and Neonatal Research

Effective biomedical informatics applications supporting newborn populations must go beyond simply adapting data systems or decision support tools designed for adult or even pediatric patient care. Within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), additional precision is required in the measurement of data elements such as age and weight where day-to-day changes may be clinically relevant. Data integration is also critical as vital information including the infant’s gestational age and maternal medical history originate from the mother’s medical chart or prenatal records. Access to these relevant data may be limited by barriers between institutions where care was provided, the transition between types of care providers (obstetrics to neonatology), appropriate privacy concerns, and the absence or unreliability of traditional identifiers used in linking records such as name and social security number. We explore challenges unique to the newborn population and review applications of biomedical informatics which have enhanced neonatal and perinatal care processes and enabled innovative research.
The (possible) utility of stereoscopic 3D displays for information visualization: The good, the bad, and the ugly

The good, bad, and “ugly” aspects of stereoscopic three-dimensional display viewing are presented and discussed in relation to data and information visualization applications, primarily relating to spatial comprehension and spatial understanding tasks. We show that three-dimensional displays hold the promise of improving spatial perception, complex scene understanding, memory, and related aspects of performance, but primarily for (1) tasks that are multidimensional or spatial in nature; (2) for tasks that are difficult, complex, or unfamiliar; and/or (3) when other visual spatial cues are degraded or missing. No current 3D display system is capable of satisfying all visual depth cues simultaneously with high fidelity, though stereoscopic 3D displays offer the distinct advantage of binocular stereopsis without incurring substantial costs, or loss in the fidelity of other depth cues. Human factors problems that continue to plague 3D displays and that are especially pertinent to stereoscopic visualizations are considered. We conclude that stereo 3D displays may be an invaluable tool for some applications of data or information visualization, but warn that it is a tool that must be utilized thoughtfully and carefully.
Green tea extract and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype modify fasting serum insulin and plasma adiponectin concentrations in a randomized controlled trial of overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

BackgroundGreen tea consumption has been associated with favorable changes in body weight and obesity-related hormones, though it is unknown if this is due to green tea polyphenols or caffeine. ObjectiveWe examined the impact of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) containing 843 mg (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on anthropometric variables, obesity-associated hormones, and glucose homeostasis. MethodsThe Minnesota Green Tea Trial was a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 937 healthy postmenopausal women assigned to either GTE or placebo based on catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype. This study was conducted in a subset of 237 overweight and obese participants (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). ResultsNo changes in energy intake, body weight, BMI, or waist circumference (WC) were observed over 12 months in women taking GTE (n=117) or placebo (n=120). No differences were seen in circulating leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, or glucose concentrations at month 12. Participants ...
Effects of high dietary manganese as manganese oxide or manganese carbonate in sheep.

Twenty-four crossbred Florida native wether lambs, 28 kg initially, were assigned randomly to a basal diet (31 ppm Mn dry matter basis) supplemented with either 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm Mn from feed grade MnO or 2,000, 4,000 or 8,000 ppm Mn from reagent grade MnCO3. There were three sheep/treatment, with ad libitum access to feed and tap water. After 84 d, all animals were slaughtered and tissues removed for analysis. Dietary Mn at the highest levels from either source reduced (P less than .05) average daily feed intake and average daily gain. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by dietary Mn. Manganese concentration in kidney, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, bone, serum (P less than .01) and liver (P less than .05) increased as dietary Mn increased. Kidney P was reduced (P less than .05) as dietary Mn increased; however, no other tissue minerals were affected. At comparable levels of supplementation, sheep fed feed-grade MnO exhibited numerically greater tissue Mn concentration than did those fed reagent-grade MnCO3 and regression analysis indicated higher rates of tissue uptake in MnO-supplemented sheep. Reduced feed intake and gain and apparent Mn homeostatic failure in liver were the only observed effects that may have been related to Mn toxicosis.
The Four Lives of a Nuclear Accelerator

Electrostatic accelerators have emerged as a major tool in research and industry in the second half of the twentieth century. In particular in low energy nuclear physics they have been essential for addressing a number of critical research questions from nuclear structure to nuclear astrophysics. This article describes this development on the example of a single machine which has been used for nearly sixty years at the forefront of scientific research in nuclear physics. The article summarizes the concept of electrostatic accelerators and outlines how this accelerator developed from a bare support function to an independent research tool that has been utilized in different research environments and institutions and now looks forward to a new life as part of the experiment CASPAR at the 4,850” level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility.
Hardware Support for Secure Stream Processing in Cloud Environments

Many-core microprocessor architectures are quickly becoming prevalent in data centers, due to their demonstrated processing power and network flexibility. However, this flexibility comes at a cost; co-mingled data from disparate users must be kept secure, which forces processor cycles to be wasted on cryptographic operations. This paper introduces a novel, secure, stream processing architecture which supports efficient homomorphic authentication of data and enforces secrecy of individuals' data. Additionally, this architecture is shown to secure time-series analysis of data from multiple users from both corruption and disclosure. Hardware synthesis shows that security-related circuitry incurs less than 10% overhead, and latency analysis shows an increase of 2 clocks per hop. However, despite the increase in latency, the proposed architecture shows an improvement over stream processing systems that use traditional security methods.
Characterization of Factor VIII Immune Complexes By Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Abstract Inhibitory polyclonal IgG antibodies (inhibitors) to factor VIII (fVIII) represent the most significant complication in patients with congenital hemophilia A. FVIII also is the most frequently targeted coagulation factor in autoimmunity. Antibodies recognizing epitopes in the fVIII A2 and C2 domains are present in most inhibitor patients. In the current study, we characterized the hydrodynamic properties of fVIII immune complexes formed by murine anti-human anti-A2 and anti-C2 fVIII monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4A4 and 3D12. 4A4 is representative of the most frequently identified group of anti-A2 MAbs identified in the murine hemophilia A immune response to human fVIII. 3D12 is a classical anti-C2 MAb that inhibits the binding of fVIII to von Willebrand factor (VWF) and phospholipid membranes. Velocity sedimentation of immune complexes formed by varying ratios of 4A4 and 3D12 with a high-expression fVIII construct designated ET3 was conducted at 55,000g and 20 °C by measuring protein absorbance at 280 nm in a Beckman XL-I analytical ultracentrifuge. Sedimentation coefficient (s20,w) distributions of fVIII, MAbs and immune complexes were determined using SEDFIT. The sedimentation coefficients of fVIII in the absence of MAbs and of the MAbs in the absence of fVIII were 7.7 S and 6.4 S, respectively. Under conditions of excess MAb (equimolar 4A4 and 3D12 each in five-fold molar excess over fVIII), a 10.3 S immune complex was observed, representing singly-ligated MAbs (Figure, red trace). Under conditions of excess fVIII (fVIII in four-fold molar excess over equimolar 4A4 and 3D12), 11.9 S doubly-ligated MAb complexes were observed (Figure, green trace). A mixture containing equimolar fVIII and 4A4/3D12 MAb binding sites produced a dominant 14.0 S species and a minor 18.8 S species, indicative of cross-linked 3D12-fVIII-4A4 immune complexes (Figure, blue trace). Indefinite association or immunoprecipitation was not observed. These results demonstrate that a biclonal, bivalent anti-fVIII antibody population can form higher-order immune complexes. These complexes may be a driving factor in the immune response to fVIII by promoting B cell activation and/or antigen presentation. Additionally, these results indicate that analytical ultracentrifugation is a useful tool to characterize fVIII immune complexes. Download : Download high-res image (112KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
FoxP3 scanning mutagenesis reveals functional variegation and mild mutations with atypical autoimmune phenotypes

FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a central element of immunological tolerance. FoxP3 is the key determining transcription factor of the Treg lineage, interacting with numerous cofactors and transcriptional targets to determine the many facets of Treg function. Its absence leads to devastating lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity in scurfy mutant mice and immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) patients. To finely map transcriptionally active regions of the protein, with respect to disease-causing variation, we performed a systematic alanine-scan mutagenesis of FoxP3, assessing mutational impacts on DNA binding and transcriptional activation or repression. The mutations affected transcriptional activation and repression in a variegated manner involving multiple regions of the protein and varying between different transcriptional targets of FoxP3. There appeared to be different modalities for target genes related to classic immunosuppressive function vs. those related to atypical or tissue-Treg functions. Relevance to in vivo Treg biology was established by introducing some of the subtle Foxp3 mutations into the mouse germline by CRISPR-based genome editing. The resulting mice showed Treg populations in normal numbers and exhibited no overt autoimmune manifestations. However, Treg functional defects were revealed upon competition or by system stress, manifest as a strikingly heightened susceptibility to provoked colitis, and conversely by greater resistance to tumors. These observations suggest that some of the missense mutations that segregate in human populations, but do not induce IPEX manifestations, may have unappreciated consequences in other diseases.
CNN based key frame extraction for face in video recognition

Nowadays we see an increasing demand for face in video recognition. However, in order to overcome the large variations in face quality in video streams, as well as for the purpose of improving the processing speed of face recognition system, frame selection becomes a necessary and essential step prior to performing face recognition. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based key-frame extraction (KFE) engine with Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration, which targets at extracting key-frames with high quality faces correctly and swiftly. We evaluated our method with ChokePoint dataset following NIST standards and compared against several representative key-frame selection approaches. The experimental results show that our CNN-based KFE engine can largely reduce the total processing time for face in video recognition, as well as improves the recognition accuracy of the face recognition back-end. With GPU acceleration, our KFE engine reaches and exceeds real-time processing speed requirement under HD resolution, making it capable of processing multiple video steams on the fly. On top ofthat, our proposed KFE engine is adaptive to different face recognition back-end.
The Effect of Dynamic Balance Performance on Lower Extremity Injury in Division III Football Players

Identifying and implementing evidence based prevention programs present a significant challenge for athletic trainers. Despite encouraging results in research, individual interventions are often specific to a setting or population and dependent on identifying accurate injury risk factors. This practice-based research is an attempt to apply current evidence in prevention to a population of division three football athletes. The clinical staff reviewed national and site-specific injury data and identified lower extremity (LE) injury as the area of focus. Evidence was searched to identify modifiable risk factors and valid measurement tools that could be addressed in our setting. Dynamic balance has been well documented as a risk factor for LE injury and the Y balance test (YBT) has been shown to be an accurate measure of balance and increased risk of injury. The purpose of our investigation was to determine if our population exhibited similar injury rates in those with balance deficits as documented in other settings. We chose the football program within our setting due to the high number of athletes and consistent injuries that occur throughout the season. All returning football athletes were measured for dynamic balance using the YBT during the annual screening process. Injury record keeping through electronic medical record (EMR) system was consistent with current procedures and non-contact LE injuries were analyzed to remove non-modifiable risk factors. Comparisons were made between YBT results and incidence of injury in 46% of our athletes. Statistical analysis revealed no relationship between YBT measurements and LE injury. Our results are contradictory to those reported in recent studies from differing populations. Implementation difficulties and population differences are theorized reasons for our inability to achieve similar results. Clinically, our results underscore the need for clinicians to measure interventions within their own settings to determine usefulness and make the best decision for their patients.
Measuring Transport of Motor Cargos

In this chapter, we describe experimental techniques used in vitro to illuminate how small teams of motors can work to translocate cargos. We will focus on experiments utilizing in vitro reconstitution, artificial or ex vivo purified cargos, and fluorescence imaging. A number of studies have been able to recapitulate the activities of cargo transport driven by small teams of motors elucidating how multiple motors can work together to transport cargos within the cell. Here, we describe some of the methods employed and highlight important experimental details needed to perform these experiments.
Preface to Part I

In the chapter, Sriraman and English offer a wide-ranging survey of theories and philosophies of mathematics education. They begin by pointing out that each of those theories needs to clarify its ontology, methodologies, and epistemology and that these might form the foundations of a philosophy for the field. The work and influence of Lakatos get special consideration in that regard. The authors’ attention then shifts from philosophy to questions of theory and theory development, noting the proliferation of complexity in our field—in both phenomena and issues. They maintain that theory is more prominent today in mathematics education than in the past and ask what that theory might be, how it has changed, what the effects of those changes have been, what Europeans think about theory development, and what the future might hold. Theory, they claim, needs to be better harmonized with research and practice if the field is to move forward.
Access Tool? Accelerating Treadmill? Technology and the Aging Population

Smart homes, smart cars, and electronic interactions with family, merchants, and service providers promise to make the lives of the elderly and people with disablities much easier. Paradoxically, the constantly accelerating pace of technological change will eventually make the machines we live with inaccessible to everyone who has a normal life span. Thought, planning, policy formulation, and action will be required to insure that everyday technology maintains interfaces that will be accessible to aging users, who are among the people who need it most. The User Access community is uniquely qualified to formulate and pioneer accessible design principles, and to bring these principles and policies to the attention of the public, relevant non-government organizations like the AARP, and public officials.
Preemptive Analgesia and Multimodal Pain Management for Temporomandibular Total Joint Replacement Surgery

Pain is a complex experience and not a single entity. Postoperative pain in patients undergoing temporomandibular joint replacement occurs due to several reasons.
Perioperative Care of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Focus on Nutritional Support

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly require surgery despite the availability of an increasingly large repertoire of powerful immunosuppressive medications for the treatment of IBD. Optimizing patients' care preoperatively is crucial to obtaining good surgical outcomes. This review discusses preoperative assessment and management principles including assessing disease location and activity with cross-sectional or endoscopic imaging, addressing modifiable risk factors (i.e., stopping smoking, weaning steroids, and correcting anemia), and properly managing medications. The major focus of our literature review is the evaluation for malnutrition, a common finding that affects up to 70% of patients with IBD and a well-known, independent risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. Our review confirms that whenever feasible, oral or enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred method of nutritional support; parenteral nutrition (PN) should be reserved for nutritionally deficient IBD patients unable to tolerate EN. In selected patients, recent data demonstrated that the use of preoperative PN resulted in improved nutritional status, fewer postoperative complications, and reduced disease severity. Our review highlights the need for well-designed, prospective trials investigating perioperative nutritional support in patients with IBD. Future studies should perform modern nutritional assessment, standardize for diet, and include patients with UC since this subset of patients is underrepresented in existing studies. In addition, relevant outcome of interest specific to Crohn's disease (CD) patients such as length of small bowel resected, number of anastomoses, and need for an ostomy should be included as these patients may require repeated small bowel resections.