cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Connective tissue alterations in Fkbp10−/− mice

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited brittle bone disorder characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. Loss of function mutations in FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10), encoding the FKBP65 protein, result in recessive OI and Bruck syndrome, of which the latter is additionally characterized by joint contractures. FKBP65 is thought to act as a collagen chaperone, but it is unknown how loss of FKBP65 affects collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix formation. We evaluated the developmental and postnatal expression of Fkbp10 and analyzed the consequences of its generalized loss of function. Fkbp10 is expressed at low levels in E13.5 mouse embryos, particularly in skeletal tissues, and steadily increases through E17.5 with expression in not only skeletal tissues, but also in visceral tissues. Postnatally, expression is limited to developing bone and ligaments. In contrast to humans, with complete loss of function mutations, Fkbp10(-/-) mice do not survive birth, and embryos present with growth delay and tissue fragility. Type I calvarial collagen isolated from these mice showed reduced stable crosslink formation at telopeptide lysines. Furthermore, Fkbp10(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts show retention of procollagen in the cell layer and associated dilated endoplasmic reticulum. These data suggest a requirement for FKBP65 function during embryonic connective tissue development in mice, but the restricted expression postnatally in bone, ligaments and tendons correlates with the bone fragility and contracture phenotype in humans.
Early Follow-up for a Hybrid Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Metal-Backed Acetabular Component Designed to Reduce “Backside” Polyethylene Wear:

Modular acetabular systems have several advantages; however, increased polyethylene wear has been recognized as a disadvantage. In our study, an acetabular shell design with a highly polished inner surface, a locking mechanism that minimizes micromotion, and a high polyethylene liner to shell conformity was evaluated. A prospective cohort of 50 consecutive hips was followed up for a mean of 3.6 years (range, 2–7 years). One patient required an early revision for recurrent instability. Mean linear head penetration rates were 0.242 mm/year (range, 0.048–0.655 mm/year). The true linear wear rate was calculated after subtracting the linear wear in the first follow-up year from the total wear at the end of the follow-up. The true linear wear rate was 0.173 mm/year (range, 0.03–0.423 mm/year). A positive correlation was found between wear rate and male gender. The low head penetration rates suggest that a polished liner with an improved locking mechanism and increased liner conformity can reduce polyethylene wear.
Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy is Associated With Improved Global Quality of Life Among Long-term Survivors of Head-and-Neck Cancer

Purpose To compare the long-term quality of life among patients treated with and without intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head-and-neck cancer. Methods and Materials The University of Washington Quality of Life instrument scores were reviewed for 155 patients previously treated with radiation therapy for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. All patients were disease free and had at least 2 years of follow-up. Eighty-four patients (54%) were treated with IMRT. The remaining 71 patients (46%) were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) by use of initial opposed lateral fields matched to a low anterior neck field. Results The mean global quality of life scores were 67.5 and 80.1 for the IMRT patients at 1 and 2 years, respectively, compared with 55.4 and 57.0 for the 3D CRT patients, respectively ( p p = 0.11). At 2 years, the corresponding percentages increased to 73% and 49%, respectively ( p p = 0.01). Conclusion The early quality of life improvements associated with IMRT not only are maintained but apparently become more magnified over time. These data provide powerful evidence attesting to the long-term benefits of IMRT for head-and-neck cancer.
A scale model for studying ground penetrating radars

A scale model developed for experimentally studying ground penetrating radars is described. The model is one-third full size and is used with transient signals that have significant frequency content within the range 150 MHz to 1.5 GHz. A unique feature is that the soil in the model is represented by an emulsion, which is mixture of mineral oil, saline solution, and a stabilizing agent. This emulsion is a scale model for red clay soil; it matches the electrical parameters of the clay, including the dispersion in the conductivity, over a ten-to-one frequency range. Typical results measured with the model are discussed. These include the measurement of the electric field transmitted by the radar into the soil and the measurement of radar signatures for pipes of various composition buried in the ground. >
Pulmonary Mycetoma Due to Candida albicans: Case Report and Review

A pulmonary mycetoma is a round to oval-shaped mass of fungi situated within a cavity in the lung. Most mycetomas are caused by Aspergillus species. Other fungi have occasionally been reported to cause clinically and roentgenographically similar lesions. We report a case of pulmonary mycetoma caused by Candida albicans. Review of the literature suggests that pulmonary mycetoma due to this species is uncommon, and when it has been suspected, specific documentation has been lacking.
Child Abuse and Domestic Violence in Families of Children Seen for Suspected Sexual Abuse

We surveyed families of children seen in a sexual abuse evaluation clinic regarding domestic violence in the child's home and physical and sexual abuse during childhood among the mothers. Domestic violence occurred in 54% (216/402) of the children's homes; 28% (111/392) of mothers reported childhood physical abuse, and 42% (167/395) reported sexual abuse. There were no differences in the rates of domestic violence (chi 2 = 0.42, 2 df, p = 0.8), maternal physical abuse (chi 2 = 2.40, 2 df, p = 0.3), or maternal sexual abuse (chi 2 = 2.11, 2 df, p = 0.3) based on whether our current, patient was at high, medium, or low risk for having actually experienced sexual abuse. Neither domestic violence in the child's home nor the mother's childhood experience of abuse was increased if the child's perpetrator was a relative or lived in the home. Domestic violence in the child's home was more frequent if the mother had experienced physical abuse during childhood (65% 70/107) than if she had not (48%, 130/271; chi 2 = 8.69, p < 0.01). Child sexual abuse is part of a global pattern of victimization, and clinicians must address other forms of family violence when evaluating a child for allegations of sexual abuse.
Cancer survivors' perspectives on delivery of survivorship care by primary care physicians: an internet-based survey.

Helping cancer survivors to transition from active treatment to long-term survivorship requires coordinated efforts by both oncologists and primary care physicians (PCPs). This study aims to evaluate cancer survivors’ perspectives on PCP-delivered survivorship care. We conducted an Internet-based cross-sectional survey of cancer survivors via www.OncoLink.org . Regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with perception of PCP-delivered survivorship care. The 352 respondents rated overall PCP-delivered survivorship care as 60 out of 100 (SD = 23). The areas of care most strongly endorsed were general care (62 %), psychosocial support (65 %), and holistic care (68 %). Survivors were less likely to perceive their PCPs as knowledgeable about cancer follow-up (43 %), late or long-term effects of cancer therapy (45 %), and diagnosis and treatment of symptoms related to cancer or cancer therapy (42 %). While 72 % of survivors reported satisfaction with their PCP’s care overall, only 41 % felt that their PCPs and oncologists communicated well with one another. In a multivariate regression analysis, higher trust in PCP (p < 0.001), non-white race (p = 0.001), living in the United States (p = 0.007), and visiting a PCP two or more times per year (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with higher ratings of PCP-delivered survivorship care. While cancer survivors in general are satisfied with care delivery by PCPs, they perceived that their PCPs have limited abilities in performing cancer-specific follow-up and late effect monitoring and treatment. Better education of family physicians about survivorship issues and improved communication between PCPs and oncologists are needed to improve PCPs’ delivery of survivorship care.
Surgery for glioblastoma multiforme: striking a balance.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. GBM is comprised of highly proliferative and infiltrative neoplastic cells that frequently invade eloquent areas of the cerebral hemispheres,6 producing progressive neurological deficits and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. When possible, surgical resection of GBMs after diagnosis is used to relieve mass effect, confirm the diagnosis pathologically and set the stage for multimodal adjunctive therapy.3,4,10,14
Viscom: an orthogonal multiprocessor for early vision and neural computing

A categorization of important image/vision algorithms that can be efficiently implemented on a research multiprocessor called Viscom is presented. Extended C-language constructs are developed and used to specify orthogonal multiprocessing algorithms. Several early vision algorithms are illustrated, including convolution, optical flow, and 2D transforms. Motion analysis is modeled by an artificial neural network, which can also be efficiently mapped onto Viscom. Advantages of using Viscom for early vision and neural computing are discussed, and the associated hardware/software development experiences are reported. >
Process Modeling for Advanced Devices

As device lots become more and more expensive, process modeling is increasingly important. Process simulation and modeling is increasingly sophisticated but the accuracy remains a problem. There is generally a time lag between the introduction of a particular process and its accurate modeling – the problem of “yesterday's technology modeled tomorrow”. For many problems, absolute accuracy isn't required. Relative trends provide excellent information about the process in question. For this reason, process simulation is still a useful technique for guiding process development.
Student-Directed Fresh Tissue Anatomy Course for Physician Assistants.

Healthcare providers in all areas and levels of education depend on their knowledge of anatomy for daily practice. As educators, we are challenged with teaching the anatomical sciences in creative, integrated ways and often within a condensed time frame. This article describes the organization of a clinical anatomy course with a peer taught unembalmed (fresh-tissue) cadaver laboratory in the 2010 summer term of a new physician assistant program. To fit within the allotted 12 week time frame, students meet every Monday for both the classroom and laboratory component of the course. Students prepare for these sessions by reviewing a list of learning objectives and completing assigned textbook readings. Classroom sessions involve faculty presentations and are facilitated with the use of self-assessment questions and accompanying images. The afternoon laboratory sessions which follow the classroom sessions are comprised of four to five stations presented by first- and second-year medical students and a resident radiologist. End of course evaluations indicate that students felt that the course objectives were clear, achievable, and taught effectively with relevant clinical correlates.
Ionospheric climatology and variability from long-term and multiple incoherent scatter radar observations: variability

Long-term incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observa- tions are used to study ionospheric variability for two midlat- itude sites, Millstone Hill and St. Santin. This work is based on our prior efforts which resulted in an empirical model sys- tem, ISR Ionospheric Model (ISRIM), of climatology (and now variability) of the ionosphere. We assume that the vari- ability can be expressed in three terms, the background, so- lar activity and geomagnetic activity components, each of which is a function of local time, season and height. So the background variability is ascribed mostly to the day-to-day variability arising from non solar and geomagnetic activity sources. (1) The background variability shows clear differ- ences between the bottomside and the topside and changes with season. The Ne variability is low in the bottomside in summer, and high in the topside in winter and spring. The plasma temperature variability increases with height, and reaches a minimum in summer. Ti variability has a marked maximum in spring; at Millstone Hill it is twice as high as at St. Santin. (2) For enhanced solar activity conditions, the overall variability in Ne is reduced in the bottomside of the ionosphere and increases in the topside. For Te, the solar ac- tivity enhancement reduces the variability in seasons of high electron density (winter and equinox) at altitudes of high electron density (near the F2-peak). For Ti, however, while the variability tends to decrease at Millstone Hill (except for altitudes near 200 km), it increases at St. Santin for altitudes up to 350 km; the solar flux influence on the variability tends to be stronger at St. Santin than at Millstone Hill.
Selective anoxic injury to thick ascending limb: an anginal syndrome of the renal medulla?

Leichtweiss et al. and Baumgartl et al. (1,2) have previously shown that the partial pressure O2 in the tissue, as measured by platinum microelectrodes inserted into the rat or dog kidney from cortex to medulla, drops steeply in the cortico-medullary junction to values in the range of 10 to 20 mmHg in the medulla, both in vivo and during isolated perfusion. This steep cortico-medullary gradient of pO2 in kidney tissue is the result of the medullary vascular structure and the conditions imposed by the counter-current exchange system (3) as shown in Figure 1.
The Complement System in Sea Urchins

Comparative immunology had its origin in the studies of inflammation by Elie Metchnikoff who proposed that the primary effectors of the immune response were circulating, amoeboid, phagocytic cells (Metchnikoff, 1891). In order to support this proposal, Metchnikoff reported that the bipinnaria larvae of a sea star would respond to physical injury (the introduction of rose prickles or glass rods into the larval blastocoel), to a normal infection by marine algae or to the artificial introduction of bacteria into the blastocoel with the encapsulation and phagocytosis of these foreign materials by accumulated amoeboid, phagocytic mesodermal cells. These studies were the first to demonstrate that echinoderms, and by inference according to Metchnikoff, all animals were capable of responding to inert substances, to injury and to foreign or pathogenic cells.
Mapping with strings attached: Kite aerial photography of Durai Island, Anambas Islands, Indonesia

A 1:2,000 scale orthophoto map of the southern coast of Durai Island, Indonesia, was created using kite aerial photography and computer vision software. Photographs were taken using a consumer-grade digital camera suspended from the line of a kite that was towed by boat along Durai's coastline. Three hundred and fifty-seven aerial photographs were combined into a mosaic, orthorectified and georeferenced using Agisoft PhotoScan software with ground control points collected via a GPS field survey. The map was created in conjunction with underwater ecological surveys of the coral reefs surrounding the island, and it supports ongoing monitoring and educational outreach efforts. Kite aerial photography provides a low-cost, portable, and technologically straightforward means of collecting large-scale aerial imagery in situations where a conventional, aircraft-based photographic survey is not practical.
Discrete Parameter Martingales

The concept of a martingale introduced in Section 1.5 of Chapter 1 [see (1.5.19)] was defined in terms of the conditional expectation with respect to a σ-algebra. In this section, we will explore briefly some basic properties of this conditional expectation, which are needed in this chapter. We begin with some definitions.
Comment on “Analysis of Sales Call Effectiveness”

In a recent JMR article, Parsons and Vanden Abeele (1981) present an analysis of sales call effectiveness within the salesforce of a Belgian pharmaceutical manufacturer. The stated purpose of the article is to develop a sales response to sales calls function, with specific emphasis on how call effectiveness relates to the use in the call of collateral material such as handouts and samples. Unquestionably, these factors are important to sales managers because, as the authors point out, a sales response function is a necessary building block in any decision model for salesforce resource management. However, the results from this specific study and their implications must be tempered by some measurement and interpretation issues which the authors do not point out.
SEXUAL SELECTION ON BODY SIZE, TERRITORY AND PLUMAGE VARIABLES IN A POPULATION OF DARWIN'S FINCHES.

Sexual selection on a phenotypic trait arises when that trait covaries with mating success among individuals of the same sex, usually males. As such sexual selection is thought to occur most readily and strongly in polygamous species where variance in mating success is high, but it can occur also in monogamous species where there is competition among males for early breeding females (Darwin, 1871 Ch. 8; O'Donald, 1980). As Darwin originally recognized, sexual selection in monogamous systems will be intensified when the sex ratio is skewed in favor of males. This paper reports on sexual selection on male body size, plumage and territory size characteristics in a small population of Darwin's Medium Ground Finches (Geospiza fortis) on I. Daphne Major, Galapagos, Ecuador. The species is monogamous, but during this study (from 1979 to 198 1) males have outnumbered females by a factor of three to two.
Lead Titanate Thin Films Prepared by Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposion (MOCVD) on Sapphire, Pt, and RuOx Substrates

Transparent and highly specular PbTiO3 thin films were deposited on sapphire, platinum and ruthenium oxide-coated silicon wafers by hot-wall metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Lead bis-tetramethylheptadionate and titanium ethoxide were used as chemical precursors. Films were deposited over a range of experimental conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the phases present in the films; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the composition. Optical spectra were obtained to confirm the highly dense and transparent nature of the films. The chemical stability of the ruthenium oxide substrates in the MOCVD environment as well as the existence of a high-temperature deposition regime for composition control are also discussed.
'It's Not Easy': School Nurse Pain Assessment Practices for Students with Special Needs.

Abstract Assessing pain in children with special needs presents unique challenges for school nurses, as no evidence-based or clinical standards to guide practices have been established for use in the school setting. Additionally, school nurse staffing has not kept pace with the growth in the population of children with special needs, which has increased by 60% since 2002. The aim of this study was to explore school nurses' pain assessment practices for students with special needs. A cross-sectional study was conducted via the web. Participants/Subjects: Of 3,071 special needs school nurses invited, 27% participated (n = 825). STATA13 was used to analyze descriptive statistics, while content analysis was performed in NVIVO 10. The majority of participants assessed pain in students with special needs using objective assessments (97.34%) and consultations with teachers (91.09%) and parents (88.64%). School nurses utilize pain assessment methods used previously in other practice areas, and rated pain assessment practices at the low benchmark of adequate. Overall, school nurses assess pain by selecting approaches that are best matched to the abilities of the student with special needs. When assessing students with special needs, nurses should utilize objective clinical assessments, teacher consultations, and parent input scales. In addition to continuing education, policies facilitating lower nurse-to-student ratios are needed to improve pain assessment practices in the school setting. Research to understand the perspectives of nurses, teachers, parents, and students is needed to support the creation of evidence-based policies and procedures.
Hepatitis C virus genotyping analysis among 121 patients in Henan province

Objective To study the distribution of hepatitis C virus( HCV) genotypes and the risk factors in Henan and provide guidance for HCV clinical treatment and estimate the burden of hepatitis C infection.Methods One hundred and twenty one anti-HCV positive plasma samples were obtained from 62 villages or neighborhood committees in Henan who living more than six months in this study.Firstly,NS5B gene were detected by RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis in HCV RNA positive samples.Futher,the NS5B region was amplified for sequencing analysis,and software Chromas Pro,Bio Edit and MEGA 5.1 were used to construct the phylogenetic tree.Results One hundred and twenty one samples were genotyped( based on NS5B gene),and subtypes HCV1b,6a,3a,2a,3b,1a were detected at frequencies of 59.5%,17.4%,10.7%,9.9%,1.7%,0.8%,respectively.In those 121 samples,the number of people who having the history of surgery,pedicure behavior,unsafe injection behavior and paid blood collection was 44,36,23 and 16 at percentage of 36.4%,29.8%,19.0% and 13.2%.Conclusion The HCV infection was diverse in Henan.The most common HCV genotypes in patients with HCV infection were 1b and 6a,followed by 3a,2a,3b and 1a,indicating that the genotypes of hepatitis C in this area might be diverse.
Another giant leap for mankind

Three spacecraft are currently orbiting the Moon, Chang'e-1 from China, Kaguya from Japan and Chandrayaan-1 from India. The American Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will join them later this year. Russia is developing lunar rover hardware, for itself and for other countries. In Europe, both Germany and the UK are contemplating their own lunar missions, both outside the boundaries of the European Space Agency, to which they both belong. China and India are discussing the idea of sending manned missions to the Moon within the next decade or so. The Moon has once again risen to the top of the space agenda worldwide.
Experimental Validation of Nonlinear Model Tracking with Varying Conditions

Mechanical systems can be described with models involving mass, damping, stiffness and nonlinear parameters, albeit with varying complexity. With known healthy model values, investigation of beam failure by crack initiation and propagation can be approached through monitoring model values while the system is excited. This approach uses harmonic excitation and focusses on the nonlinear model value. This experimental testing is performed near the system’s second natural frequency in a thin cantilever beam. Holding continuous sinusoidal forcing, significant shifts in the beam’s nonlinear parameter serve as an early warning of the system’s failure. This study is a continuation of iterative research [Song et al.: Mech. Syst. Sig. Process. 49(1–2), 13–23 (2014)] to verify the integrity and robustness of this particular type of health monitoring in cantilevered beams. This study explores how varying beam geometry, material, excitation frequency, and introducing an additional mass to the system will affect the expected change in the nonlinear parameter as well as how standard beams excited by discretely changing frequencies will give rise to these changes. Results indicate these variables alter the nature of the model, yet still provide significant warning of system failure. In practice, the scope of applicability becomes apparent in both the type of systems and excitations to prevent catastrophic failure.
III-V Based Semiconductor THz Detectors

The III-V semiconductor materials have been investigated for use in the terahertz range, and results are reported on heterojunction and homojunction detectors. Broad response out to 1 THz has been observed in both Nitride and Antimonide based detectors. A responsivity R of ~2.5 AAV in 1-5 THz range was observed for a GaN detector. A stronger narrower response was also observed around 6 THz due to impurity ionizations. By changing the Al fraction in the Arsenide based detectors, free-carrier response was adjusted to have a threshold frequency in the range of 2.3-20 THz. Extension of this approach to Antimonide materials could allow free-carrier detectors with thresholds near 1 THz. The mechanisms of operation in these detectors will be discussed, and potential advantages and disadvantages of the materials will be considered. Among these is the increased control in tailoring the workfimction in Antimonides, and increased THz absorption in the Nitrides. The relative advantages of n-vs. p-type structures for the THz region will also be compared. This work was supported in part by the US NSF under grant #ECS-0553051.
Integrated Reference à la Carte: Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing the Best Features for your Library

ABSTRACTIntegrated reference systems, such as SpringShare's LibAnswers, operate on a single, easy-to-use platform for providing virtual reference services and recording transactions. This article discusses the evidence-based decision-making carried out by librarians at Auburn University's main library and a branch library when deciding which aspects of the LibAnswers platform to incorporate at the two separate locations. Evaluating, selecting, and implementing appropriate components of LibAnswers resulted in complementary but separate systems that met the needs of both patrons and staff. This article adds to the body of literature on integrated reference systems by expanding the focus to include a branch library and its unique considerations and reasons for implementing LibAnswers.
“Perception v production” of asparagus odour in urine needs to be determined in a controlled study

Markt and colleagues conducted a genome-wide association study of asparagus anosmia.1 As they noted in the introduction, the issue of “perception v production” has not been completely resolved. They could not resolve this issue in their comprehensive study because they asked participants whether after eating asparagus …
The Hawthorne Effect in Direct Observation Research with Physicians and Patients

Rationale, aims, and objectives This study examines the degree to which a “Hawthorne effect” alters outpatient-visit content. Methods Trained research nurses directly observed 4454 visits to 138 family physicians. Multiple data sources were used to examine the Hawthorne effect including differences in medical record documentation for observed visits and the prior visit by the same patient, time use during visits on the first versus the second observation day of each physician, and report by the patient, physician, and observer of the effect of observation. Results Visits on the first versus the second observation day were longer by an average of 1 minute (P < .001); there were time-use differences for 4 of 20 behaviour categories evaluated. No effect of the observer on the interaction was reported by 74% of patients and 55% of physicians. Most of those that reported an affect indicated it was slight. Patients with non-White race, lower-educational level, and poorer health were more likely to report being affected by the observer. Conclusions In a study that was designed to minimize the Hawthorne effect, the presence of an observer had little effect on most patient-physician visits but appeared to at least slightly effect a subgroup of vulnerable patients.
Telomeres, telomerase, and the cell cycle.

Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation and fusion. In most eukaryotes telomeres are replicated by a specialised polymerase, telomerase. Telomerase synthesises one strand of the telomere; while conventional DNA polymerases synthesise the complementary strand. Additional processing of telomeres occurs in ciliates and yeast during each cell cycle. Telomerase activity and RNA levels change as cells enter and exit the cell cycle. Gradual telomere shortening in the absence of telomerase does not immediately affect cell cycling; however, “critically” short telomeres are hypothesised to play a role in senescence and the triggering of DNA damage checkpoints.
Effect of Sex and Level of Activity on Lower-Extremity Strength, Functional Performance, and Limb Symmetry.

Context:Strength, functional performance and limb symmetry are common objective clinical assessments used by clinicians to guide safe return to physical activity following injury. Population-specific unilateral limb outcomes or estimates of limb symmetry of these assessments should be established.Objective:To compare lower extremity strength, functional performance and limb symmetry in healthy participants based on sex and level of activity.Design:Descriptive laboratory studySetting:LaboratoryParticipants:117 healthy participants (72 males/45 females, mass=73.67±13.60kg, height=1.76±0.12m, age=21.44±2.92 years) without history of injury within 6 months were included.Interventions:Participants completed isokinetic concentric and isometric knee extension and flexion strength tasks at 90°/s, 180°/s and 90° respectively and four hop tasks(single, crossover, triple, 6m timed) during one session. Groups were separated by sex(male, female) and activity level(athlete, non-athlete). Participants rostered on Nation...
Order-optimal permutation codes in the generalized cayley metric

Permutation codes have recently garnered substantial research interest. In this paper, we study the permutation codes in the generalized Cayley metric. The generalized Cayley metric captures the number of generalized transposition errors in a permutation, and subsumes existing error types including transpositions and translocations without imposing restrictions on the lengths and positions of the translocated segments. Relying on the breakpoint analysis proposed by Chee and Vu, we construct a new class of permutation codes without interleaving. Our coding scheme, although it is non-constructive, has an order-optimal rate, and in certain circumstances, the rate is higher than that of existing codes based on interleaving.
Helping Mothers Reach Personal Breastfeeding Goals.

Professional organizations worldwide recommend exclusive human milk/breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, and continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for 1 year or more. This article focuses on the importance of prenatal messaging and goal setting to ensure that mothers are able to optimize their milk supply during the critical window of opportunity in first 2 weeks after delivery. Research data in the United States indicate that the largest categories of why women stopped breastfeeding were for reasons related to milk supply or concerns that the infant was not getting enough nutrition or gaining enough weight.
Patellectomy: Long-Term Results

Patellectomy is performed by different surgeons for various conditions, e. g. patlar comminuted fractures, patellar chondromalacia, patellofemoral arthrosis. Some consider patellectomy a good operation, others think poorly of it and perform it only under very restricted situations.
Symmetry and Optimization

Symmetry is beautiful, but that is not why there is so much of it in the world. Viruses evolved their icosahedral shape, not to be pretty, but because this shape optimizes performance. Bees evolved the behavior of building hexagonal honeycombs for functional, not esthetic reasons. The solution to an optimization problem is often highly symmetric. In other words, symmetric shapes are often the best shapes, and this principle helps account for their prevalence in nature.
Understanding Where We Are: The Legitimacy Of The U.S. Financial Sector

Increasingly large income inequalities, the 2008 Wall Street financial crisis, and the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) have raised questions about the very role and nature of the free market ...
Evidence that Maternal Age Influences the Occurrence of Optic Nerve Hypoplasia

IntroductionThis study evaluated the influence of maternal age on the presence of optic nerve hypoplasia.MethodsLogistic regression analysis was used to find the best-fit model to explain the prese...
Perceptions of water insecurity from urban and peri-urban Haiti: A quantitative analysis.

Safe drinking water access has continued to be a growing issue in Haiti. Water accessibility, availability, and quality can have severe implications on health and safety, with those in urban areas often having more access. Key differences relating to water accessibility can be seen between the urban and peri-urban areas of Haiti. One major objective of this research is to examine the disparities between the two areas and determine limiting and enabling factors that are contributing to the perceived access to clean water. A cross-cultural household water insecurity experiences (HWISE) survey (n = 499) was distributed to determine barriers and accessibility to sufficient water quality and quantity at the household level. This paper explores the relationship between water insecurity between two urban and peri-urban communes in Haiti using this data. Fisher’s Exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify significant differences between strata, and logistic regression was used to determine significant associations with water security outcomes. Results indicated there were differences in both the costs and the sources of drinking and non-drinking water between urban and peri-urban Haiti. Certain demographic and behavioral characteristics were associated with increased water insecurity, including a household size greater than five and experiencing injury during collection.
Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios

Abstract To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, several governments introduced strict Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) that restricted movement, public gatherings, national and international travel, and shut down large parts of the economy. Yet, the impact of the enforcement and subsequent loosening of these policies on the spread of COVID-19 is not well understood. Accordingly, we measure the impact of NPI on mitigating disease spread by exploiting the spatio-temporal variations in policy measures across the 16 states of Germany. This quasi-experiment identifies each policy’s effect on reducing disease spread. We adapt the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model for disease propagation to include data on daily confirmed cases, intra- and inter-state movement, and social distancing. By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Contact restrictions were the most effective at lowering infection rates, while border closures had only minimal effects at mitigating the spread of the disease, even though cross-border travel might have played a role in seeding the disease in the population. We believe that a deeper understanding of the policy effects on mitigating the spread of COVID-19 allows a more accurate forecast of the disease spread when NPIs are (partially) loosened, and thus also better informs policymakers towards making appropriate decisions.
A Case Report: The CSF Characteristics of HaNDL Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Headache and Neurologic Deficits with cerebrospinal fluid Lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare and underdiagnosed syndrome that mimics recurrent stroke, migraine with aura, and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE Describe the presentation, clinical characteristics, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in a patient with HaNDL and provide insight into the importance of the recognition of this syndrome. METHODS The authors describe a unique case of (HaNDL) during which the patient underwent three lumbar punctures over 26 days. RESULTS The authors demonstrate the natural course of CSF characteristics of a patient with HaNDL, with rising and falling lymphocyte counts. Additionally, the authors provide an example of the clinical presentation of HaNDL, with episodic attacks over the course of 1 month of migraine headache, hemibody paresthesias, hemibody weakness, and encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS HaNDL is a headache syndrome mimicking viral encephalitis, migraine with aura, and recurrent cerebral ischemic events. While HaNDL is a diagnosis of exclusion, the syndrome's association with characteristic clinical and laboratory findings are important to recognize. Furthermore, a monophasic pattern of CSF lymphocytosis in HaNDL may be observed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Increased recognition of this syndrome may help prevent unnecessary tests and treatments when patients present with recurrent episodes.
HADDOCK: A Language and Architecture for Decision Diagram Compilation

Multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs) were introduced into constraint programming over a decade ago as a powerful alternative to domain propagation. While effective MDD-propagation algorithms have been proposed for various constraints, to date no system exists that can generically compile and combine MDD propagation for arbitrary constraints. To fill this need, we introduce Haddock, a declarative language and architecture for MDD compilation. Haddock supports the specification, implementation, and composition of a broad range of MDD propagators that delivers the strength one expects from MDDs at a fraction of the development effort and with comparable performance. This paper describes the language, the framework architecture, outlines its performance credentials and demonstrates how to specify and implement novel MDD propagators.
Investigations on the effect of plasma treatment on the adhesive bonding behavior of ultra high modulus K13C2U/cyanate ester fiber composites

Surface preparation of ultra-high modulus fiber composites for adhesive bonding is challenging due to the subsurface damages that can occur during a standard abrasion operation that could weaken th...
Single-Port Robotic Pyeloplasty in a Pediatric Patient

Abstract Introduction: Pediatric surgery began with single-incision flank surgery and has evolved to standard multiport laparoscopic and robotic approaches. To decrease visibility of incisions, hid...
Learning about Risk Management: Insights from Unconventional Risk-Takers

With the COVID-19 pandemic, people around the globe received a terrible reminder of how risky life can be. Individuals and families experienced the risk of losing their health, their freedom of movement, and their savings and income—all at once. In a period of weeks, investors saw years of returns wiped out as stock markets fell, only to rise again, and unemployment soared.
Real-time occupancy detection with physics-informed pattern-recognition machines based on limited CO2 and temperature sensors

Abstract An indoor occupancy estimator is proposed for the purpose of identifying the room’s binary occupancy state based on limited carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature measurements from only two available sensors. The proposed approach includes a physics-informed pattern-recognition machine (PI-PRM). Invariant features, including CO2 level, CO2 rate of change and HVAC state, are extracted by the first PI-PRM submodule based on Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filtering and other physics-informed transformations. Optimal parameterization of the feature extraction transformations is also provided based on Stein’s unbiased risk estimator (SURE) and a physics-informed transformation for the HVAC operation mode. The proposed PI-PRM method is available for real-time estimation within few minutes from an occupancy change. Experimental results in an average size room, demonstrate the efficacy of our method with an accuracy of 97%. Among other applications, the proposed work can potentially be leveraged in energy efficiency, air quality improvement and emergency evacuation.
Augustine’s Call to Citizenship

This chapter seeks a better understanding of Augustine’s call to citizenship by exploring its starting point in the household. The discussion of the household in COG XIX.14–16 is where divergent strands of Augustine’s political teaching, including his opposing definitions of a republic in 19.21 and 19.24, begin together. I propose that when Augustine says that the household “ought to be the beginning, or a little part, of the city,” he is referencing both cities, heavenly and earthly. In the household one learns to practice loving consideration of others’ spiritual needs, along lines of authority that are unnatural but necessary. Thus, the household is a school of citizenship that reminds us of our homelessness in this mortal life.
Dominant Traits and Diseases

The principles of genetic dominance and recessiveness established by Gregor Mendel in his experiments with garden peas equally apply to human genetic diseases. For dominant diseases, the inheritance of one copy of the disease allele is sufficient to produce disease. Other factors, such as incomplete penetrance, variable expression, and delayed age of onset, further influence the expression of such diseases. Keywords: dominant inheritance; recurrence risk; penetrance; variable expressivity
Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing photophosphorylation. IV. Interaction of coupling factor 1 from chloroplasts with components of the chloroplast membrane.

Abstract 1. A DEAE-Sephadex chromatography step was introduced in the purification of the latent ATPase from chloroplasts (chloroplast coupling factor (CF1)). On elution an inactive protein was obtained, which was reactivated on storage in 2.0 m ammonium sulfate containing 2 mm ATP. 2. Treatment of tritium-labeled acetyl-CF1 with trypsin or heat activated the Ca++-dependent ATPase, but abolished the capacity of CF1 to combine with resolved chloroplast particles. 3. It was shown with tritium-labeled CF1 that a divalent cation such as Mg++ or Ca++ was required for the binding of the protein to the chloroplast membrane. 4. Combination of CF1 with the chloroplast membrane resulted in an increase in the cold stability of the protein. This allotopic property was used as an additional assay for the interaction between CF1 and the membrane. 5. On extraction of chloroplasts with solvents, two fractions, one soluble and one insoluble, were separated. Both were required for the reconstitution of particles that were capable of combining with CF1.
Primary Lymphedema in Children and Adolescents: A Follow-up Study and Review

Primary lymphedema, a disorder causing persistent swelling in an extremity, is rare in children and adolescents; it affects 1.15/100,000 persons less than age 20 years. It primarily affects girls near menarche. The records of 125 children and adolescents, aged 0 to 20 years, who were examined at the Mayo Clinic were analyzed; 99 of these patients were contacted to obtain follow-up data. The influences of estrogen and inflammation are thought to be important etiologic factors in primary lymphedema. The diagnosis can be made on the basis of a thorough history and physical examination. Lymphangiograms, venograms, and biopsies add nothing to the diagnosis because of the low incidence of tumor in children and adolescents. Conservative treatment is recommended: a Jobst-type stocking, elevation, and proper foot care. Diuretics are not recommended. Careful psychologic counseling, especially in adolescents, is highly recommended.
Extensor hallucis capsularis: frequency and identification on MRI.

Background: The extensor hallucis capsularis (EHC) is the most common name given to the accessory tendon sporadically seen medial to the extensor hallucis longus (EHL). We performed cadaver dissections and MRI evaluation to determine the frequency of its occurrence, the pattern of its origin and insertion, and its potential suitability as tendon graft. Methods: The EHC was examined by dissection in 81 cadaver feet. Physical parameters pertaining to EHC size and location were recorded. MRI was performed on six cadaver legs to determine if the EHC can be identified radiographically. MRI images were evaluated independently by a foot and ankle specialist and a radiologist. Results: The EHC was present in 71 (88%) of the specimens. It originated from the EHL tendon or muscle in 93% and inserted into the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsule in 99% of cases. All EHC tendons were less than or equal to 4 mm in width; only 16% were more than 2 mm wide. Correct prediction of the presence or absence of EHC by MRI ...
Farmers’ Concerns: A Qualitative Assessment to Plan Rural Medical Education

Context: Limited research suggests that translational approaches are needed to decrease the distance, physical and cultural, between farmers and health care. Purpose: This study seeks to identify special concerns of farmers in Alabama and explore the need for a medical education program tailored to prepare physicians to address those concerns. Methods: We conducted 2 focus groups with 20 farmers from diverse communities, backgrounds, and farming operations. The sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for determined patterns. Findings: The following categories were developed as areas of importance to farmers: the need for physicians to understand the culture of farming, occupational exposures in farming, and recommendations for improving the health of farmers. Conclusion: Findings suggest that to adequately serve farmers, medical students interested in entering practice in rural areas should have or develop a relevant and adequate understanding of farming practices.
The postoperative myelogram. Radiographic evaluation of arachnoiditis and dural/arachnoidal tears.

Either arachnoiditis or dural/arachnoidal tears may cause symptoms in the postoperative spinal patient. Surgery and myelography as causes of arachnoiditis are discussed. Intradural arachnoid cyst formation and intramedullary cavitation may present as unusual sequelae of arachnoiditis. Extra-dural cysts and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas resulting from dural/arachnoidal tears are unusual postoperative complications presenting striking myelographic features. Their mechanisms of formation, clinical significance, and radiographic features are discussed.