cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences In Access To High-Quality Outpatient Care In Indonesia

Using a representative cross-section of health care providers in Indonesia, we describe variations in prenatal, child, and adult care quality. Quality is measured as knowledge about clinical guidelines. Public health centers offer above-average-quality prenatal care, and private physicians provide high-quality curative care. Private nurses offer below-average care, as do most providers in the more remote regions of Outer Java-Bali. The poor and wealthy have access to the same levels of quality; however, the poorest women report receiving fewer prenatal procedures. Recommendations include improving the professional development of nurses in private settings, testing quality improvements in Outer Java-Bali, and investigating wealth disparities in quality received.
Commentary: Eyes wide shut in transnational science and aid

Responding to the problem of unknowing in the contemporary pursuit of knowledge, my commentary on Wenzel Geissler's article extends its themes to a parallel, overlapping domain of humanitarianism. The provision of medical aid shares the preference of research trials for an egalitarian style and similarly avoids recognizing the very inequities that structure its relations. The humanitarian embrace of exception and moral discourse likewise parallels the manner in which research partnerships elide obligation, emphasizing responsibility in terms of ethical regulation. When actors share a stake in not knowing, it complicates the critical task, requiring something other than simple unveiling.
Platelet aggregation in humans and nonhuman primates: relevance to xenotransplantation.

Introduction Platelet activation/aggregation plays a key role in the dysregulation of coagulation and the development of thrombotic microangiopathy in nonhuman primate recipients of pig xenografts. As a preliminary to the study of anti-platelet therapy in vitro and in vivo, the present study aimed to compare platelet aggregation in whole blood from humans, baboons, and cynomolgus monkeys.
The Role of the Student Professional Association in Mentoring Dental Hygiene Students for the Future

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Student American Dental Hygienists9 Association (SADHA) in mentoring/developing dental hygiene students for the future. This project also assessed attitudes and practices of SADHA advisors towards the utilization of SADHA as a mechanism for mentoring dental hygiene students9 professional development to meet the oral health needs of the public, and the goals of the ADHA. These goals include promotion of education beyond the baccalaureate level to develop qualified faculty, encouraging dental hygiene research, and promoting leadership. The study also evaluated if geographic region and academic setting impacted the utilization of SADHA. After IRB exemption, a pilot-tested questionnaire was administered using Survey Monkey, an online survey website, to 277 individual contacts at Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) accredited dental hygiene programs. A response rate of 68% was achieved with 186 individual responses. Eighty percent of respondents indicated offering no mentoring opportunities outside of the curriculum, while incongruously, 58.3% felt they actively mentor through SADHA. When asked what the main focus of SADHA should be, SADHA advisors ranked community service/philanthropy as number one. SADHA chapters at institutions that offer a Bachelor of Science in Dental Hygiene (BSDH) degree completion program offer more mentoring opportunities (p= SADHA advisors do not agree on how SADHA should be utilized. The majority of SADHA chapters are not offering mentoring opportunities outside of the traditional curriculum for leadership and career development. What is clear is that both students and advisors desire more interaction with the local ADHA components and constituents. In order to address these issues, efforts should be made to provide networking support among SADHA advisors and increase faculty perception of the importance of the professional association and the role of students in its future. The ADHA should consider developing a mentoring program that builds strong partnerships among all state constituent and components and SADHA.
Research on the Internet

The Internet was created by researchers and has continued to evolve according to their needs, although competing market forces are dictating alternative evolutions. Subject directories and search engines allow researchers access to relevant content. E-mail allows researchers to co-author and edit documents electronically, with limited constraints from time and distance. Electronic discussion groups keep researchers abreast of new developments in their field. Electronic texts have given researchers more timely information delivery, as well as critical interactivity. And libraries have embraced the Internet and have pioneered a number of research developments.Content on the Internet is varied in format and bias, which has shifted the responsibility of critique to the user. The tradeoff is that the Internet makes available to researchers information impossible to obtain elsewhere, material that is accessible without extensive (or any) cost, and material that represents a wider variety of opinion and cultural concern Keywords: bulletin board systems; electronic texts; online catalog; rings; search engines; subject directories
A Desert Storm crew flying hour model

The authors describe one of several models that supported Desert Storm/Shield decision making. The model was developed rapidly using SIMSCRIPT II.5. It was data driven so that a new scenario could be specified by changing parameter files. The model examines the effect of crew augmentation, staging, increased flying hours, and reserve callup/release in meeting mission requirements. Level of detail was sufficient to capture the key features of the scenario and to establish points of reference for decision makers. Mission cancellations, mission delays, and average flying hours were the response variables of interest. >
Na Kika: secure service execution and composition in an open edge-side computing network

Making the internet's edge easily extensible fosters collaboration and innovation on web-based applications, but also raises the problem of how to secure the execution platform. This paper presents Na Kika, an edge-side computing network, that addresses this tension between extensibility and security; it safely opens the internet's edge to all content producers and consumers. First, Na Kika expresses services as scripts, which are selected through predicates on HTTP messages and composed with each other into a pipeline of content processing steps. Second, Na Kika isolates individual scripts from each other and, instead of enforcing inflexible apriori quotas, limits resource consumption based on overall system congestion. Third, Na Kika expresses security policies through the same predicates as regular application functionality, with the result that policies are as easily extensible as hosted code and that enforcement is an integral aspect of content processing. Additionally, Na Kika leverages a structured overlay network to support cooperative caching and incremental deployment with low administrative overhead.
Best-path vs. multi-path overlay routing

Time-varying congestion on Internet paths and failures due to software, hardware, and configuration errors often disrupt packet delivery on the Internet.Many aproaches to avoiding these problems use multiple paths between two network locations. These approaches rely on a path-independence assumption in order to work well; i.e., they work best when the problems on different paths between two locations are uncorrelated in time.This paper examines the extent to which this assumption holds on the Internet by analyzing 14 days of data collected from 30 nodes in the RON testbed. We examine two problems that manifest themselves---congestion-triggered loss and path failures---and find that the chances of losing two packets between the same hosts is nearly as high when those packets are sent through an intermediate node (60%) as when they are sent back-to-back on the same path (70%). In so doing, we also compare two different ways of taking advantage of path redundancy proposed in the literature: mesh routing based on packet replication, and reactive routing based on adaptive path selection.
EXPERIENCE‐MEDIATED PLASTICITY IN MATE PREFERENCES: MATING ASSURANCE IN A VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT

An individual's prior experience of sexual signals can result in variation in mate preferences, with important consequences for the course of sexual selection. We test two hypotheses about the evolution of experience-mediated plasticity in mate preferences: mating assurance and mismating avoidance. We exposed female Enchenopa binotata treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) to treatments that varied their experience of signal frequency, the most divergent sexual signal trait in the E. binotata species complex. Treatments consisted of (1) signals matching the preferred frequency, (2-3) signals deviating either 100 Hz above or 100 Hz below the preferred frequency, and (4) no signals. Females experiencing preferred signals showed the greatest selectivity. However, experience had no effect on peak preference. These results support the hypothesis that selection has favored plasticity in mate preferences that ensures that mating takes place when preferred mates are rare or absent, while ensuring choice of preferred types when those are present. We consider how experience-mediated plasticity may influence selection on sexual advertisement signals, patterns of reproductive isolation, and the maintenance of genetic variation. We suggest that the plasticity we describe may increase the likelihood of successful colonization of a novel environment, where preferred mating types may be rare.
Simulation of field emission microtriodes

Vacuum microtriode RF amplifier performance, based upon a unit cell with a conical field emitter tip, gate, and anode, was evaluated using computer simulation. Electron emission was calculated from the Fowler-Nordheim equation. The dependence of emitted current, transconductance, and field enhancement upon geometrical factors, e.g., tip sharpness, tip height, cone half-angle, and gate hole radius, is shown. The device design parameters of transconductance, cutoff frequency, small signal gain, and efficiency have been calculated. Electron streamlines and current flux are shown for time-dependent RF input. Because a compact electron beam source has wide application, the normalized beam emittance, brightness, and beam quality are calculated for a typical case. Potential difficulties with anode power deposition are noted. >
Regulation of Expression of mas and fadD28, Two Genes Involved in Production of Dimycocerosyl Phthiocerol, a Virulence Factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall lipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood. The gene encoding mycocerosic acid synthase (mas) and fadD28, an adjoining acyl coenzyme A synthase gene, involved in the production of a virulence factor, dimycocerosyl phthiocerol, were cloned from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and their promoters were analyzed. The putative promoters were fused to the xylE reporter gene, and its expression was measured in Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and M. bovis BCG. In E. coli, the fadD28 promoter was not functional but the mas promoter was functional. Both fadD28 and mas promoters were functional in M. smegmatis, at approximately two- and sixfold-higher levels, respectively, than the BCG hsp60 promoter. In M. bovis BCG, the fadD28 and mas promoters were functional at three- and fivefold-higher levels, respectively, than the hsp60 promoter. Primer extension analyses identified transcriptional start points 60 and 182 bp upstream of the translational start codons of fadD28 and mas, respectively. Both promoters contain sequences similar to the canonical -10 and -35 hexamers recognized by the sigma(70) subunit of RNA polymerase. Deletions of the upstream regions of both genes indicated that 324 bp of the fadD28 and 228 bp of the mas were essential for promoter activity. Further analysis of the mas promoter showed that a 213-bp region 581 bp upstream of the mas promoter acted as a putative transcriptional enhancer, promoting high-level expression of the mas gene when present in either direction. This represents the identification of a rare example of an enhancer-like element in mycobacteria.
Massive biloma presenting as gastric outlet obstruction.

Bile leaks are an important cause of morbidity after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This complication occurs in the early postoperative period and has an incidence of 15-40% [1]. These images (Figs. 1 and 2) are from a 57-yearold female who presented with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction and was found to have a massive biloma. She had undergone a LDLT for hepatitis C cirrhosis one month prior to presentation. The liver transplantation was performed with a biliary duct-to-duct anastomosis with unremarkable immediate perioperative course. Two weeks after transplantation, she began to complain of abdominal fullness, nausea and vomiting. On admission, a CT abdomen revealed a large fluid collection in the lesser sac, resulting in almost complete gastric compression (Fig. 1). CT-guided aspiration and placement of a 10-French locking loop pigtail catheter drained 1 L of bilious fluid. Cholangiography confirmed a native distal bile duct with narrowing at the anastomosis. A localized, free-flowing, highgrade bile leak was observed above the anastomosis (Fig. 2). This was accessed with a guidewire, dilated with a 4-mm balloon and stented with a 7-French plastic stent. The percutaneous drainage output subsequently decreased with improvement in abdominal fullness and nausea, prompting discontinuation of the percutaneous drain. The plastic biliary stent was removed after 8 weeks. There was no recurrence of the biloma. The treatment of biloma may require either endoscopic management or percutaneous intervention. Surgical drainage and bile duct repair may be warranted in cases of persistent biloma after endoscopic intervention [2].
Pulsatile Tinnitus in a 16-Year-Old Patient

This report describes a child presenting with pulsatile tinnitus, most likely resulting from increased intracranial hypertension secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis. He was found to be homozygous for a prothrombin gene (G20210A) mutation as well as heterozygous for a factor V Leiden mutation. Physicians need to pursue and determine the cause of pulsatile tinnitus and intracranial hypertension.
How many genes can make a cell: the minimal-gene-set concept.

▪ Abstract Several theoretical and experimental studies have endeavored to derive the minimal set of genes that are necessary and sufficient to sustain a functioning cell under ideal conditions, that is, in the presence of unlimited amounts of all essential nutrients and in the absence of any adverse factors, including competition. A comparison of the first two completed bacterial genomes, those of the parasites Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma genitalium, produced a version of the minimal gene set consisting of ∼250 genes. Very similar estimates were obtained by analyzing viable gene knockouts in Bacillus subtilis, M. genitalium, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. With the accumulation and comparison of multiple complete genome sequences, it became clear that only ∼80 genes of the 250 in the original minimal gene set are represented by orthologs in all life forms. For ∼15% of the genes from the minimal gene set, viable knockouts were obtained in M. genitalium; unexpectedly, these included even some of the u...
Nucleotide-induced PMN adhesion to cultured epithelial cells: possible role of MUC1 mucin.

Accumulation of intraluminal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is a hallmark of inflammatory diseases of the airways. Extracellular nucleotides stimulate PMN adhesion to human main pulmonary arter...
Sea Level, Climate, and the Central American Land Bridge

The development of a land connection across Central America in Neogene time permitted the interchange of terrestrial faunas between North and South America. It also prevented the flow of tropical seawater from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. At the present time there are two low-lying regions that traverse Central America between the two oceans, one in northern Costa Rica and southern Nicaragua and the other across Panama. Today both of these regions would be awash if sea level were only moderately higher—34 m for the northern passage and 84 m for the southern (neglecting the excavations for the Panama Canal). It is possible that crustal motions during the past 15 million years have altered the topography of these two low-lying regions. However, it is fair to say that realistic estimates of eustatic sea level indicate that sea level lowering was an important (perhaps the most important) cause of the emergence of the land connection.
Unearthing the Antibacterial Mechanism of Medicinal Clay: A Geochemical Approach to Combating Antibiotic Resistance

Natural antibacterial clays, when hydrated and applied topically, kill human pathogens including antibiotic resistant strains proliferating worldwide. Only certain clays are bactericidal; those containing soluble reduced metals and expandable clay minerals that absorb cations, providing a capacity for extended metal release and production of toxic hydroxyl radicals. Here we show the critical antibacterial components are soluble Fe(2+) and Al(3+) that synergistically attack multiple cellular systems in pathogens normally growth-limited by Fe supply. This geochemical process is more effective than metal solutions alone and provides an alternative antibacterial strategy to traditional antibiotics. Advanced bioimaging methods and genetic show that Al(3+) misfolds cell membrane proteins, while Fe(2+) evokes membrane oxidation and enters the cytoplasm inflicting hydroxyl radical attack on intracellular proteins and DNA. The lethal reaction precipitates Fe(3+)-oxides as biomolecular damage proceeds. Discovery of this bactericidal mechanism demonstrated by natural clays should guide designs of new mineral-based antibacterial agents.
Thresholds of laser eye hazards.

The eyes of rhesus monkeys and humans were exposed to long-pulsed ruby and neodymium, Q-switched ruby and neodymium, and helium-neon (He-Ne) lasers to determine retinal damage thresholds. Rabbit ey...
The Morphology and Musculature of the Larval Head of Anopheles Quadrimaculatus Say

A study of the morphology and musculature of the fourth instar larval head of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) was undertaken to determine the structure and functioning of its component parts. The morphology of the head of this species has apparently never been described. It is the purpose of this paper to present the anatomy of the head and to compare its structures with those found in other mosquito larvae.
Memoirs of a Guard-Researcher: Deconstructing the Games Inmates Play Behind the Prison Walls

ABSTRACTRecent media reports have attempted to shed light on correctional officers who end their careers in disgrace for either having sexual relationships with prisoners or for smuggling contraband into correctional facilities. In this article, I take an autoethnographic approach, reflecting on my seven years as a “guard-researcher” and demonstrate through real-life examples how inmates identify the weak links among prison employees, subtly feel them out, and then untiringly persist in establishing these inappropriate relationships. This article shows how seemingly benign gestures of inmates are actually calculated moves taken to gain leverage and exploit their marks, the weak correctional staff members, who fall for these tricks.
Neuropsychological Aspects of Methamphetamine Use Disorders and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease

Methamphetamine (MA) use increases risk for contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, as it is a highly addictive and commonly used substance among HIV-seropositive individuals. Both MA use and HIV independently impact the central nervous system, primarily targeting frontal systems functioning, and conferring risk of neurocognitive decline. The profiles of MA- and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment are similar, with prominent deficits observed in the domains of executive functions, episodic memory, and speed of information processing. These deficits negatively impact everyday functioning as well. In combination, MA and HIV demonstrate additive effects on global cognition, with a profile of domain deficits and everyday functioning that reflects the primarily frontostriatal pattern of neural injury and is broadly comparable to the independent conditions. Evidence from emerging studies suggests that these additive effects may be exacerbated by other factors, including aging, medication nonadherence, and HIV disease stage (e.g., immunosuppression, and acute and early infection). Implications for treatment (e.g., medication management) and intervention aimed at compensation and/or cognitive remediation are discussed.
THE STUDENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES

This chapter presents an analysis of the students' social class of origin as determined basically by occupation of father, which is the student's assigned social class, from a survey of Edinburgh University, Durham University, and Newcastle University. The outcome of the survey suggests that prevailing values of higher education are middle-class values and that the working-class child who succeeds academically is usually atypical in family attitudes and psychology. To test the validity of this remark, the characteristics of other members of the students' families is analyzed. The chapter examines the comparative family sizes of the social classes in the three universities to find out whether there is any distinctive class pattern of family size at this level that would in a sense compare with the findings. The findings show an overall preponderance of small families of one or two children among Durham and Newcastle students. However, it just over half in the Edinburgh sample. Among the families of the students of the three universities, there is a similarity of distribution between the members of the same social class. The chapter shows that if the schools have much to do with the transmission of information, culture, and values, the class differentials that emerge in the school composition would be meaningful in the student body in terms of student experience. The chapter discusses the implications of this finding regarding the students' satisfaction with their course and discusses the evidence of the nature of the social class differentials, which emerge within the student body.
Spectrum of Idiopathic Rolandic Epilepsy Syndromes and Behavioral Correlates

The natural history of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS), BCECTS Plus syndromes, Rolandic epilepsy-related syndromes, and idiopathic benign childhood epilepsy with occipital spikes (Panayiotopoulos syndrome) is reviewed by researchers at Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Globale und regionale Klimapolitik

Der Klimawandel ist eine globale Herausforderung. Globale Vereinbarungen erreichen bisher aber nicht das Ziel, den Klimawandel auf 2°C bis 1,5°C zu begrenzen. Es fehlt an Masnahmen mit weltweiter Gultigkeit – wie dies beispielsweise ein globaler Preis auf Treibhausgasemissionen darstellen wurde. Die chemische Industrie leistet durch ihre Produkte und innovative Produktionsprozesse wertvolle Beitrage zum Klimaschutz. Damit sie jedoch ihr Innovationspotenzial weiter ausschopfen kann, bedarf es geeigneter politischer Rahmenbedingungen – regional und global. Masnahmen der EU sollten die effizientesten Produzenten im Vergleich zu ihren internationalen Wettbewerbern nicht benachteiligen.
Tamoxifen for the treatment of breakthrough bleeding with the etonogestrel implant: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objective The etonogestrel (ENG) subdermal implant can cause frequent breakthrough bleeding in some users. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a short course of tamoxifen reduces bleeding/spotting days compared to placebo in ENG implant users. Study design In this double-blind trial, we randomized ENG implant users with frequent or prolonged bleeding or spotting to tamoxifen 10 mg or placebo twice daily for 7 days, to be started after 3 consecutive days of bleeding/spotting. Treatment was repeated as needed up to three times in 180 days. Subjects completed a daily text message bleeding diary. A sample size of 56 provided 80% power to detect a difference of 6 days of bleeding/spotting per 30 days by two-sample t test. Ovulation was monitored by urinary metabolites of progesterone. Results From March 2014 to February 2015, 56 women enrolled. Fifty-one completed at least 30 days of follow up, and 34 completed 180 days. Compared to women randomized to placebo, women randomized to tamoxifen reported 5 fewer days of bleeding/spotting over 30 days (95% confidence interval [CI] −9.9 to −0.05, p=.05), and 15.2 more continuous bleeding-free days (95% CI 2.8–27.5 days, p=.02) after first use of study drug. Conclusions could not be drawn after 30 days due to higher-than-expected dropout. No ovulation was detected. Conclusion First use of tamoxifen by ENG implant users reduces bleeding/spotting days and provides a longer cessation of bleeding/spotting than placebo, without compromising ovulation suppression. Further study is needed to determine whether this effect is maintained with repeat use. Implications Women with frequent ENG implant-related breakthrough bleeding may experience a reduction in bleeding/spotting days and an increase in continuous bleeding-free days in the month following first use of tamoxifen. This short course of tamoxifen was well tolerated with bleeding cessation noted within a median of 5 days.
Persistent Behavioral Deficits in Rats after Parasagittal Fluid Percussion Injury

Abstract Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) is now considered a chronic disease, few studies have investigated the long-term behavioral deficits elicited by a well-established rodent model of injury. Here we evaluate behavioral measures, commonly used in TBI research, to determine which tests are useful for studying long-term effects of brain injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were handled and pre-trained to neurological, balance, and motor coordination tests prior to receiving parasagittal fluid-percussion injury (FPI), sham injury, or maintenance as naive cohorts. Rats underwent neuroscore, beam-balance, and beam-walk tests for 3 days after injury. Subsequently, in separate groups at 3, 6, or 12 months, they were re-tested on the same tasks followed by a working memory version of the Morris water maze. On post-injury days (PIDs) 1–3, significant effects of injury on neuroscore, beam-balance, and beam-walk were observed. Differences in the beam-walk task were not detectable at any of the later t...
The perils of cross-silo deduplication: Trading user security for provider storage efficiency

With the increasing interest in public cloud infrastructures, a crucial need has evolved for trustworthy remote data storage and processing. At the same time the increased demand for storage, from backup services, to cloud infrastructures has driven the use of deduplication to eliminate redundant data in the cloud as a means to improve storage efficiency, and save bandwidth, reducing the cost of deploying and maintaining cloud infrastructures. It is assumed that it is in the best interest of both the cloud provider, and the customer to perform cross-silo deduplication, i.e. deduplicating across user-silos within the cloud. In this paper we challenge this assumption, providing experimental data which examines the benefits of cross-silo deduplication using real data for varying silo sizes, and data similarity. We also present an in-depth analysis of the issues inherent to cross-silo deduplication, detailing the attack vectors it enables through inadvertent data leakage, including a novel pair of attacks ignored by previous works. We then discuss solutions presented in the literature, the problems inherent in these solutions, and challenge the notion that cross-silo deduplication is worth the cost in lost security.
J M Keynes's Aggregate Supply Function, Z, is Simply Pigou's Aggregate Supply Function with Price and Profit Expectations Substituted for Realized Prices and Actual Economic Profit

In September, 1933, Pigou’s The Theory of Unemployment appeared. After reading it, Keynes decided that he would not continue to use his own original, simultaneous, four equation, IS-LM model because he could not satisfactorily integrate price and profit expectations into the IS portion of the model. Keynes’s model of an Aggregate Demand Function, D, and an Aggregate Supply Function, Z, is a generalized version of Pigou’s very similar aggregated Real Demand function as a whole analysis in The Theory of Unemployment. Keynes improved on the mathematical modeling by explicitly integrating expected profits and expected prices into D and Z. Integrating expectations led to multiple D-Z combinations that represent multiple equilibria. The locus of all such multiple equilibria forms the major theoretical breakthrough of the General Theory, Keynes’s Aggregate Supply Curve. Pigou had no Aggregate Supply Curve since he had only one D curve intersecting with one Z curve. Unemployment for Pigou had to be a disequilibrium while for Keynes it was an equilibrium. Pigou’s contributions to Keynes’s General Theory have not been sufficiently recognized except for contributions by Brady (1994) in the 20th century and by Arthmar and Brady (2009) in the 21st century. Both Keynes and Pigou made a very simple adjustment to the standard Profit =TR-TC model. That simple and straightforward adjustment was to add TC to Profit. Since TC equals TVC in the short run when the capital stock is held fixed, the aggregate supply function or price is TC plus Profit=TR. Letting P= profit, wN equaling TVC, and pO equaling TR, one ends up with the aggregate supply function, Z, equals wN plus P. The aggregate demand function is pO equals D. Therefore, D=Z states that pO=wN plus P. Keynes’s innovation was to reinterpret p to be an expected price and P to be an expected profit. This allowed him to construct an ASC curve of multiple equilibria, only one of which is full employment. This simple conclusion has still not been grasped by the editors, associate editors, and referees of the Cambridge Journal of Economics as well as many others.
Intentional Percutaneous Laceration of the Anterior Mitral Leaflet to Prevent Outflow Obstruction During Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement First-in-Human Experience

Abstract Objectives This study sought to use a new catheter technique to split the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AML) and prevent iatrogenic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction immediately before transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Background LVOT obstruction is a life-threatening complication of TMVR, caused by septal displacement of the AML. Methods The procedure was used in patients with severe mitral valve disease and prohibitive surgical risk. Patients either had prior surgical mitral valve ring (n = 3) or band annuloplasty (n = 1) or mitral annular calcification with stenosis (n = 1). Iatrogenic LVOT obstruction or transcatheter heart valve dysfunction was predicted in all based on echocardiography and computed tomography. Transfemoral coronary guiding catheters directed an electrified guidewire across the center and base of the AML toward a snare in the left atrium. The externalized guidewire loop was then electrified to lacerate the AML along the centerline from base to tip, sparing chordae, immediately before transseptal TMVR. Results Five patients with prohibitive risk of LVOT obstruction or transcatheter heart valve dysfunction from TMVR successfully underwent LAMPOON, with longitudinal splitting of the A2 scallop of the AML, before valve implantation. Multiplane computed tomography modeling predicted hemodynamic collapse from TMVR assuming an intact AML. However, critical LVOT gradients were not seen following LAMPOON and TMVR. Doppler blood flow was seen across transcatheter heart valve struts that encroached the LVOT, because the AML was split. Transcatheter heart valve function was unimpeded. Conclusions This novel catheter technique, which resembles surgical chord-sparing AML resection, may enable TMVR in patients with prohibitive risk of LVOT obstruction or transcatheter heart valve dysfunction.
A Powerful Framework for Integrating eQTL and GWAS Summary Data

Two new gene-based association analysis methods, called PrediXcan and TWAS for GWAS individual-level and summary data, respectively, were recently proposed to integrate GWAS with eQTL data, alleviating two common problems in GWAS by boosting statistical power and facilitating biological interpretation of GWAS discoveries. Based on a novel reformulation of PrediXcan and TWAS, we propose a more powerful gene-based association test to integrate single set or multiple sets of eQTL data with GWAS individual-level data or summary statistics. The proposed test was applied to several GWAS datasets, including two lipid summary association datasets based on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] samples, respectively, and uncovered more known or novel trait-associated genes, showcasing much improved performance of our proposed method. The software implementing the proposed method is freely available as an R package.
Convergent evolution of Y chromosome gene content in flies

Sex-chromosomes have formed repeatedly across Diptera from ordinary autosomes, and X-chromosomes mostly conserve their ancestral genes. Y-chromosomes are characterized by abundant gene-loss and an accumulation of repetitive DNA, yet the nature of the gene repertoire of fly Y-chromosomes is largely unknown. Here we trace gene-content evolution of Y-chromosomes across 22 Diptera species, using a subtraction pipeline that infers Y genes from male and female genome, and transcriptome data. Few genes remain on old Y-chromosomes, but the number of inferred Y-genes varies substantially between species. Young Y-chromosomes still show clear evidence of their autosomal origins, but most genes on old Y-chromosomes are not simply remnants of genes originally present on the proto-sex-chromosome that escaped degeneration, but instead were recruited secondarily from autosomes. Despite almost no overlap in Y-linked gene content in different species with independently formed sex-chromosomes, we find that Y-linked genes have evolved convergent gene functions associated with testis expression. Thus, male-specific selection appears as a dominant force shaping gene-content evolution of Y-chromosomes across fly species.
When All Else Fails, We Must Protect Childhood

The Global Reform Education Movement (GERM) has invaded public education in the United States and education activits have failed to stop it at the national level. By accepting this failure we place ourselves in a stonger position to learm from our mistakes and change the narrative to focus on protecting childhood from the dangers of privatization and the neoliberal assault on education.
Methionine Metabolite Excretion as Affected by a Vitamin B-6 Deficiency

The effect of a vitamin B-6 deficiency on the metabolism of methionine was investigated in three different studies conducted at the University of Wisconsin. In the first study, 49 days in length, six young men were subjects (1), and in the second study, 35 days in length, five young women participated (2). The purpose of these two studies was to determine the effect of a vitamin B-6 deficiency on the urinary excretion of homocystine, cystathionine, cysteine sulfinic acid and taurine, all metabolites of methionine whose formation and/or degradation are dependent upon the presence of vitamin B-6. The third study, 60 days in length, dealt with the effect of a vitamin B-6 deficiency on the metabolism of methionine by 14 oral contraceptive users and 10 nonusers as determined by the urinary excretion of the same five metabolites mentioned earlier (3). Since there was no significant difference between the oral contraceptive users and the nonusers in the excretion of any of the compounds, the two groups were combined for the purpose of this discussion.
A new species of the remarkable brittle star genus Astrophiura (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the western Atlantic Ocean

Astrophiura caroleae, new species, is described from off Curacao in the southern Caribbean, and from the western Gulf of Mexico, in depths of 244 to 434 meters. This new species, the first in the genus Astrophiura to be described from the Atlantic Ocean, has a distinctive combination of characters, including regularly arranged primary plates, large radial shields whose radial edges are in contact for their entire visible length, and prominent tubercles on central and radial plates. The mottled reddish coloration of the dorsal surface of this species usually contrasts with the color of the substratum, rendering it readily visible in situ, despite its disc diameter of less than 10 mm. Like its congeners, A. caroleae is gonochoric, the gonads of females containing conspicuous masses of bright orange eggs that are approximately 165 µm in diameter. DNA Barcoding data are provided for this new species, these are the first for Astrophiura.
Teaching Chinese Cultural Perspectives through Film

Teaching Chinese cultural perspectives in CFL instruction is more challenging than teaching about Chinese cultural products and behavior. It is challenging because most textbooks do not orient their approach to it, because native-Chinese-speaking teachers tend to overlook it as it is so much a part of them that it presents no peculiarities, and because it is believed cultural understanding comes naturally once language is learned. Studies on cross-cultural communication demonstrate that cultural ignorance causes misperceptions and misunderstandings. In a global community, as people of different cultures interact with one another, awareness of different cultural perspectives is urgently needed. Since language and culture go hand in hand, learning a language is a fortunate opportunity to learn culture through language. Employing a critical language pedagogy, this paper provides an example for teaching Chinese cultural perspectives though discourse from film clips. It shows how students can be taught differences, alternatives, and critical language and cultural awareness using comparative, reflective, and interpretive methodologies. It employs a variety of situated activities to help students explore and discover the Chinese cultural mind.
Selectivity in Hydrogenation Catalysis with Unsaturated Aldehydes: Parallel versus Sequential Steps

A high-flux molecular beam setup has been used to characterize the kinetics of the steady-state catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes, specifically of crotonaldehyde, promoted by platinum surfaces under single-collision conditions. Surprisingly, in addition to the hydrogenation of the individual single bonds, to yield the saturated aldehyde and the unsaturated alcohol, the formation of the saturated alcohol, the product of the hydrogenation of both C═C and C═O bonds, was detected as well. This indicates that the dual hydrogenation reaction is a primary pathway and not the result of secondary hydrogenation of the other products as commonly assumed. Moreover, an increase in the partial pressure of the reactant was found to shift the reaction selectivity from the saturated alcohol to the saturated aldehyde without significantly affecting the selectivity toward the production of the unsaturated alcohol. We explain these observations by proposing a mechanism involving the parallel formation of several monohydrogenated intermediates on the surface.
Analysis and design of a radial waveguide concentrator for concentrated solar thermal applications

Abstract Non-imaging concentrators based on optical waveguides have the potential to provide low cost solar collection for concentrated solar thermal applications through the elimination of moving parts and tracking structures. The primary working principle involves collection and transport of light through total internal reflection within an optical waveguide onto thermal receivers. This study explores the optical and thermal transport characteristics of radial waveguides integrated with a linear receiver. An analytical closed-form solution for the coupled optical and thermal transport of solar irradiation through a radial planar waveguide concentrator integrated with a linear receiver is developed. The effects of various design and operating parameters on the system performance, which is quantified in terms of net thermal power delivered, aperture area required and collection efficiency are discussed. Design constraints due to thermal stress, maximum continuous operation temperature and structural loading were considered to identify feasible waveguide configurations. A cost analysis is conducted to determine the preferred design configurations that minimize the cost per unit area of the radial waveguide concentrator-receiver system. Optimal design configurations that result in the minimum levelized cost of power (LCOP) are identified for thermal desalination and concentrating solar power generation applications.
Reflective limiters based on self-induced violation of C T symmetry

Non-Hermitian bipartite photonic lattices with charge-conjugation $(\mathcal{C}\mathcal{T})$ symmetry can support resonant defect modes which are resilient to bipartite losses and structural imperfections. When, however, a (self-)induced violation of the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry occurs via tiny permittivity variations, the resonant mode is exposed to the bipartite losses and it is destroyed. Consequently, the transmission peak is suppressed while the reflectance becomes (almost) unity. We propose the use of such photonic systems as power switches, limiters, and sensors.
The Discovery of the REMS

Freud’s insights about the emotional meaning of dream content (like his clinical observations about hysterical symptoms) were placed by him in a theoretical straitjacket that not only created a schism among his followers but also discouraged fresh observations about dreams. The blow to Freud’s theory of dreams that resulted from the discovery of the REMS was felt as a relief by some clinicians, including myself, who had long been irritated by classical psychoanalysis’s slavish adherence to “rules” forbidding dream interpretation outside the analytic situation. The discovery of the REMS has actually made it possible to study dreaming on the spot, with control over presleep emotional input. As we shall see in the next chapter, a firsthand study (in which I was one of a team of researchers) of REM period dreams collected from normal people demonstrates the freshness and vitality of Freudian dream interpretation, although dream theory remains obscure.
Moving mesh adaptation for Si and GaN-based power device simulation

In this paper, we describe the development of moving mesh adaptation framework and its application to charge transport simulation of semiconductor devices, with emphasis on its relevance to power semiconductor devices. Mesh adaptivity in the context of semiconductor device simulation is an important problem and can help deal with the convergence and numerical stability issues, as well as automate the meshing process. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed meshing scheme through the simulation of a GaN-based power diode, as well as a Si diode with a non-rectangular doping profile, by externally coupling our framework to Sentaurus Device TCAD. We perform error analysis and compare our results with simulations based on high-resolution uniform structured meshes as well as manually refined axis-aligned meshes. In addition to the benefits in terms of accuracy, automation, and generality, our method can be regarded as a stepping stone toward computationally scalable and adaptive semiconductor device simulations.
Recovery of Lithium from the Great Salt Lake Brine

Lithium is a key component for future electric vehicle batteries and energy storage. The future availability of lithium to meet the growing demands remains in question. Around 60% of lithium resources exist in the form of continental brines. Traditional methods to recover lithium from brines use solar concentration with precipitation and have found limitations in lithium extraction due to interference of Mg in high Mg/Li brines. Thus, there is a need for highly selective adsorbents. Recently, spinel structured delithiated lithium manganese oxides have demonstrated promising results. However, due to the small particle sizes, it is economically difficult to recover the adsorbents and thereby limits industrial applications. In our work, LiMn2O4 ion sieve was synthesized and immobilized on diatomaceous earth. Fundamental adsorption studies were carried out in lithium buffer solutions to understand the nature of adsorption and kinetics. The adsorbents were also tested for recycle stability, as well as recovery of lithium from Great Salt Lake water samples.
Over expression of the Q-type ZFP StZFP2 in potato increases resistance to potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) infection.

Late blight in potato caused by Phytophthora infestans remains a major impediment to potato growers worldwide. Utilization of regulators that affect defence may augment control measures to achieve ...
Essential Roles for the Non-Canonical IκB Kinases in Linking Inflammation to Cancer, Obesity, and Diabetes

Non-canonical IκB kinases (IKKs) TBK1 and IKKe have essential roles as regulators of innate immunity and cancer. Recent work has also implicated these kinases in distinctively controlling glucose homeostasis and repressing adaptive thermogenic and mitochondrial biogenic response upon obesity-induced inflammation. Additionally, TBK1 and IKKe regulate pancreatic β-cell regeneration. In this review, we summarize current data on the functions and molecular mechanisms of TBK1 and IKKe in orchestrating inflammation to cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
Extreme ecological stoichiometry of a bark beetle–fungus mutualism

1. Ecological stoichiometry theory was applied to investigate how a consumer contends with an extreme elemental mismatch between its food and its body via symbiotic facilitation. 2. The beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte develops in bark, a substrate extremely low in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Its survival there depends on interactions with mutualist and antagonist fungi. 3. This study found that mutualists transfer N and P from sapwood and phloem into bark, where beetles feed, whereas the antagonist moves these elements only to phloem, resulting in starvation of the insect. However, even with mutualists, N and P concentrations remained low in bark, resulting in low N and extremely low P concentrations in the beetle. 4. The N:P ratios found in D. brevicomis larvae were the highest thus far reported for beetles and among the highest for insects and invertebrates. This suggests that the beetle has evolved additional, nutrient‐sparing adaptations.