cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of prostacyclin on postischemic acute renal failure in the rat.

Infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) reportedly attenuates renal ischemic injury in the dog and the rat. In the dog, PGI2 is a potent renal vasodilator; in the rat a direct action on the renal vasculature is not always apparent. To determine whether or not the protective effect of PGI2 on postischemic ARF was hemodynamically mediated, studies were performed in uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats before and after a 40 minute period of complete renal artery occlusion. In response to the preischemic infusion of PGI2 for 30 minutes at 160 ng/kg body wt/min i.v. (N = 7), MAP and RBF fell to 86 +/- 7% (P less than 0.0001) and 84 +/- 9% (P less than 0.05) of baseline values, respectively. RVR initially declined to 81 +/- 9% of baseline values (P less than 0.025) but returned to 102 +/- 13% of baseline values prior to the period of ischemia. Following the period of ischemia, reflow of blood in the rats receiving PGI2 was delayed when compared to rats not receiving PGI2 (N = 7). RBF returned to only 76 +/- 19% of the initial values in PGI2-treated rats (P less than 0.01) but to 90 +/- 12% of the initial values in rats receiving buffer alone (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Streptococcus mutans approximal plaque index as a new epidemiologic tool for defining the parameters of Streptococcus mutans infection in human populations

Abstract The clinical, laboratory and statistical methods associated with development of a new plaque index (SMAPPI) which estimates the magnitude of Strep, mutons infection in human subjects from 10 samples per person, are described. A simplified index (SMAPPI-S) is based on 5 samples per person. The partial-mouth indexes correlated strongly with data obtained from whole-mouth sampling and showed a high degree of reproducibility over a 1–4 week sampling period. Intra-examiner and inter-examiner calibration experiments indicated an acceptable level of reliability in laboratory scoring procedures. The individual site scores, graded on an ordinal scale, permitted the use of non-parametric statistical tests. SMAPPI and SMAPPI-S, which are derived by summing the individual site scores, showed a tendency to be distributed normally, indicating their appropriateness to standard parametric statistical procedures.
The asymptotic distributions of kernel estimators of the mode

In a decreasing sequence of intervals centered on the true mode the normalized kernel estimate of the density converges weakly to a nonstationary Gaussian random process. The expected value of this process is a parabola through the origin. The covariance function of this process depends on the smoothness of the kernel. When the kernel is mean-square differentiable the location of the maximum of this process has a normal distribution. When the kernel is discontinuous the location of the maximum has a distribution related to a solution of the heat equation.
At the egg's edge: Lygia Clark's indiscretions

This essay examines the way the Brazilian artist Lygia Clark (1920–1988) revisits and reconstructs the scene of birth in works that invoke, directly or indirectly, the figure of the egg. It compares Clark's reconstructions in relation to Jacques Lacan's account of birth, the development of the individuated subject and the normative, patriarchal social relations that subject upholds. It argues that while Lacan's account entails the bracketing of the indistinct and sensuous materiality he refers to as the Real, Clark's works reclaim the Real, creating a very different experience of bearing and being born, and of doing it together in and as a sharing of fluids, membranes, openings/passageways, in and as haptic contact. Constituted by this kind of interpenetration and entanglement, the Real becomes a field of discovery within which the contact of indiscrete flesh, of inorganic and organic matter, is the starting point for re-experiencing and remaking sociality and new modes of life.
Myogenic cell formation in regenerating rat skeletal muscle injured by mincing I. A fine structural study

The degenerative and early regenerative events following mincing and autotransplantation of rat skeletal muscle were examined at the ultrastructural level. During the first eight hours after injury, myonuclei undergo pyknosis, mitochondria become enlarged and vesiculated, myofilaments appear less distinct than normal and the sarcolemmata either disappear or become extensively fragmented. Further degeneration of the myofibers progresses slowly until macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils invade the degenerating sarcoplasm between one to four days after mincing. Scattered throughout the minced muscle implant during the first 24 hours after injury are small, viable-appearing, undifferentiated cells located between the external lamina and degenerating sarcoplasm. Such cells, which are structurally similar to satellite cells seen in uninjured muscle, are believed to be regenerating presumptive myoblasts due to their mesenchymal-like morphology and sublaminar position. External laminae of the injured muscle fibers do not undergo immediate degenerative changes, but rather persist during the first three to six days as laminar tubes within which spindle-shaped myoblasts and newly formed myotubes are frequently observed. Examples of regenerating myoblasts in the process of budding-off from damaged muscle fibers were not observed in this study. Therefore, the evidence suggests that satellite cells are the major source of regenerating myoblasts in skeletal muscle of the rat.
The Levels of Conceptualization: False Measures of Ideological Sophistication

The "level of conceptualization" index, introduced by Campbell et al. (1960), is commonly used to measure ideological awareness and sophistication among the electorate. Unfortunately, the validity and reliability of the original measure were never sufficiently examined. This article examines the level of conceptualization measures of Field and Anderson (1969) and Nie, Verba and Petrocik (1976). It reaches two major conclusions: (1) the measures under examination are neither reliable nor valid measures of the level of conceptualization construct; and (2) the measures reflect the rhetoric of contemporary political discourse rather than the actual process of political evaluation. These conclusions call into doubt the validity and reliability of the original measure of The American Voter.
Beam intensity striations and applications.

The single-element spectrogram for a continuous broadband signal, plotted as a function of range, has been shown to exhibit striated bands of intensity maxima and minima. The slope of the striations is an invariant of the modal interference and is described by a waveguide invariant parameter “beta.” The striation pattern is analyzed and modeled in this paper for the beam outputs of a horizontal line array obtained by conventional beamforming. Array beamforming makes it possible to measure the waveguide invariant parameter for weak signals due to the enhancement of signal levels by the array gain over that of a single element. It is shown that the signal beam spectrogram as a function of range exhibits the same striation pattern as that (predicted) for a single element. Specifically, for a broadside signal, the beam striation is identical to that of a single-element plus a constant signal gain. For a nonbroadside target, the signal beam intensity will be modified by a frequency-bearing dependent signal gain due to the signal spread over multiple beams, nevertheless the beam spectrogram retains the same striation pattern (slope) as for a single element. The sidelobe beams (outside the canonical cones containing the signal arrivals) exhibit an entirely different striation pattern as a function of frequency and range. For array processing, it is shown that a fast range-rate, close range target and a distant, slow range-rate interference source will have a different striation pattern (slope) in the corresponding beam spectrograms as a function of time, assuming no prior knowledge of the source ranges. The difference in the striations between the beam spectrograms can be used in array processing to suppress the interference contribution. A 5–7 dB interference suppression is demonstrated using simulated data.
Plasma Membrane Topology of Syncytial Domains of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein K (gK): the UL20 Protein Enables Cell Surface Localization of gK but Not gK-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Fusion

Most spontaneously occurring mutations that cause extensive herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced cell fusion are single amino acid changes within glycoprotein K (gK). Despite the strong genetic association of gK with virus-induced cell fusion, its direct involvement in cellular membrane fusion has been controversial, largely due to previously unsuccessful efforts to detect gK expression on virion and cellular surfaces. Recently, we showed that gK is expressed on HSV-1 virions and functioned in virus entry (T. P. Foster, G. V. Rybachuk, and K. G. Kousoulas, J. Virol. 75:12431-12438, 2001). To determine whether gK is expressed on cellular surfaces, as well as its membrane topology, we generated the recombinant viruses gKV5DI, gKV5DII, gKV5DIII, and gKV5DIVcontaining insertions of the V5 antigenic epitope within each of four domains of gK predicted to localize either in the cytoplasmic side or in the extracytoplasmic side of cellular membranes. Immunohistochemical and confocal microscopy analyses of infected cells showed that both wild-type and syncytial forms of gK were expressed on cell surfaces. Analysis of the topology of the V5-tagged gK revealed that gK domains I and IV were located extracellularly, whereas domains II and III were localized intracellularly. Transiently expressed gK failed to localize in cellular plasma membranes. In contrast, infection of gK-transfected cells with the gK-null virus DeltagK enabled expression of gK on cell surfaces, as well as gK-mediated membrane fusion. Transient-coexpression experiments revealed that the UL20 protein enabled cell surface expression of gK, but not gK-mediated cell-to-cell fusion, indicating that additional viral proteins are required for expression of the gK syncytial phenotype.
Diagrammatic theory of transition of pendulum like systems

Orbit-orbit and spin-orbit gravitational resonances are analyzed using the model of a rigid pendulum subject to both a time-dependent periodic torque and a constant applied torque. First, a descriptive model of passage through resonance is developed from an examination of the polynomial equation that determines the extremes of the momentum variable. From this study, a probability estimate for capture into libration is derived. Second, a lowest order solution is constructed and compared with the solution obtained from numerical integration. The steps necessary to systematically improve this solution are also discussed. Finally, the effect of a dissipative term in the pendulum equation is analyzed.
Transpupillary CW YAG Laser Coagulation: A Comparison with Argon Green and Krypton Red Lasers

The authors have developed a CW YAG laser for transpupillary coagulation. The effects of CW YAG coagulation on the retina, retinal vessels, and fovea were compared with those produced by the krypton red and argon green lasers. To produce threshold coagulative lesions in monkeys and rabbits, we needed five to ten times more energy with the CW YAG than with the krypton red or argon green lasers. Nerve fiber damage was observed only when coagulating retinal vessels with the argon green laser. At the parameters used, none of the lasers damaged the sensory retina of the fovea. The CW YAG may be used as a new mode of laser coagulation in the treatment of retinal diseases.
Postinflammatory elastolysis and cutis laxa: A case report

One of the rarest forms of cutis laxa is postinflammatory elastolysis and cutis laxa, a disease previously reported only in children in Africa and South America. This disease is characterized by an urticarial or papular eruption followed by acute destruction of elastic tissue that results in atrophy and severe disfigurement. It is distinguished from anetoderma and acquired cutis laxa by its clinical features, its occurrence in young children, and its relatively benign course. This article describes the first case of postinflarnmatory elastolysis and cutis laxa reported in a white child from North America.
Effect of tolbutamide on adenyl cyclase in rabbit and human heart and contractility of isolated rabbit atria.

ABSTRACT Tolbutamide activated adenyl cyclase in particulate preparations of rabbit and human hearts and increased contractility in isolated rabbit atria. Since inotropic agents can increase myocardial oxygen consumption and extend the size of the experimentally-produced myocardial injury, these data may explain the apparent increased incidence of cardiovascular deaths in patients treated with sulfonylureas reported in the University Group Diabetes Program study.
Bayesian methods for expression-based integration of various types of genomics data

We propose methods to integrate data across several genomic platforms using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis framework that incorporates the biological relationships among the platforms to identify genes whose expression is related to clinical outcomes in cancer. This integrated approach combines information across all platforms, leading to increased statistical power in finding these predictive genes, and further provides mechanistic information about the manner in which the gene affects the outcome. We demonstrate the advantages of the shrinkage estimation used by this approach through a simulation, and finally, we apply our method to a Glioblastoma Multiforme dataset and identify several genes potentially associated with the patients’ survival. We find 12 positive prognostic markers associated with nine genes and 13 negative prognostic markers associated with nine genes.
Glutamyl Ribose-5-Phosphate Storage Disease: Clinical Description and Characterization of the Stored Material

Posttranslational processing of proteins involves conformational changes, formation and cleavage of peptide bonds, and chemical modification of amino acid residues. These events are assumed to have evolved for specific purposes, such as protection from degradation, binding to specific macromolecules, and regulation of physiological processes. Posttranslational covalent modification of amino acid moieties in proteins is a diverse process resulting in more than 130 derivatives of the 20 primary amino acids [1]. The formation of glycoproteins by the enzymatic addition of carbohydrate to amino acids and the subsequent elongation to form oligosaccharide chains has become a major area of investigation in recent years. In glycoconjugate synthesis, ADP-ribosylation is unique in that it involves an initial linkage of ADP-ribose via the ribosyl moiety and, in the case of poly(ADP-ribosylation), subsequent elongation with additional ADP-ribose units.
An integrated reservoir-power system model for evaluating the impacts of wind integration on hydropower resources

Despite the potential for hydroelectric dams to help address challenges related to the variability and unpredictability of wind energy, at present there are few systems-based wind-hydro studies available in the scientific literature. This work represents an attempt to begin filling this gap through the development of a systems-based modeling framework for analysis of wind power integration and its impacts on hydropower resources. The model, which relies entirely on publicly available information, was developed to assess the effects of wind energy on hydroelectric dams in a power system typical of the Southeastern US (i.e., one in which hydropower makes up <10% of total system capacity). However, the model can easily reflect different power mixes; it can also be used to simulate reservoir releases at self-scheduled (profit maximizing) dams or ones operated in coordination with other generators to minimize total system costs. The modeling framework offers flexibility in setting: the level and geographical distribution of installed wind power capacity; reservoir management rules, and static or dynamic fuel prices for power plants. In addition, the model also includes an hourly ‘natural’ flow component designed expressly for the purpose of assessing changes in hourly river flow patterns that may occur as a consequence of wind power integration. Validation of the model shows it can accurately reproduce market price dynamics and dam storage and release patterns under current conditions. We also demonstrate the model's capability in assessing the impact of increased wind market penetration on the volumes of reserves and electricity sold by a hydroelectric dam.
Uncertainty in the weakest-link security game

Individuals in computer networks not only have to invest to secure their private resources from potential attackers, but have to be aware of the existing interdependencies that exist with other network participants. Indeed, a user's security is frequently negatively impacted by protection failures of even just one other individual, the weakest link.
Stress and Coping in Families with Deaf Children

More than 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents who experience stress, not only in respose to the initial diagnosis, but also in adapting to the unique needs of their deaf child. This article is a selective literature review summarizing information from three fields in order to broaden our understanding of family adaptation to deafness. Discussion includes (1) psychology's model of individual stress and coping (2) family science's model of family stress management, and (3) literature on family adjustment to disability. The last part of the article traces the development of professionals' understanding of the reciprocal influences between deaf children and their families and describes recent research indicating that the impact of deafness on families is complex and variable. The final conclusion is that adoption of a family stress and coping paradigm would inform discussion of current issues in deafness, such as cochlear implants and bilingualism/biculturalism.
On the Fougere's maximum entropy spectral analysis method

The paper will review the theory and present in detail the properties, implementation and experimental results of the nonlinear maximum entropy spectral analysis method proposed by P.F. Fougere. Both real and complex signals as well as the two-dimensional (separable) signals are considered. Application to signal recognition is also examined.
ALTERATIONS IN GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND PROSTATE CANCER

Purpose: Gap junctions composed of connexin proteins have an essential role in intercellular communication and differentiation. Dysregulation of connexin expression is believed to have a role in carcinogenesis. The human prostate has been reported to express connexin 32 and 43. However, the expression pattern in prostate cancer is controversial, while to our knowledge connexin expression has not been reported in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). To understand the potential involvement in prostate disease connexin 32 and 43 expression was evaluated in a series of normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer specimens that were surgically removed due to bladder outlet obstruction.Materials and Methods: Frozen sections of 23 normal, 43 BPH and 40 cancer involved prostates were evaluated for the presence, staining intensity and pattern of connexin 32 and 43 by immunocytochemical testing.Results: In all specimens examined connexin 43 stain was punctate along the borders of the basal epithelial cells, whereas con...
Phase Stability of a Triglyceride/Alcohol/Catalytic-Surfactant System in Transesterification

Ternary phase diagrams were developed to discern the phase stability of triglyceride (soybean oil)/alcohol/catalytic-surfactant (metal alkoxide with an analogous alkyl group to alcohol) system. The objective was to elucidate the effect of the catalytic surfactant on making the alcohol/oil immiscible phases miscible in each other and in turn how this phase stabilization translates into transesterification catalysis. The effects of 1) degree of titanium alkoxide polymerization and 2) hydrocarbon tail length and chirality on the phase stability of the alcohol/oil system were studied. It was observed that higher levels of titanium alkoxide polymerization reduced the ability of these alkoxides to emulsify oil/alcohol emulsions while longer chain lengths increased their emulsification ability. An interesting observation was that at high enough concentrations of titanium alkoxide that brought the system to a stable single phase, the transesterification reaction occurred autonomously at room temperature.
Reduction of cocycles with hyperbolic targets

We show that any cocycle from an ergodic, finite measure preserving action of a higher-rank group to a closed subgroup of the isometry group of a proper, geodesic hyperbolic, ‘at most exponential’ metric space is necessarily cohomologous to a cocycle with values in a compact subgroup. Philosophically, this says that higher-rank dynamics is incompatible with hyperbolic dynamics; since hyperbolicity is, in some sense, generic among finitely presented groups, this places strong restrictions on the possible dynamics of higher-rank groups. We derive some applications of the main result. When the target group of the cocycle has no small subgroups, we show that the main result holds for a wider class of domain groups.
Non -linear vibration control of long, flexible structures employing inter-modal energy transfer [Modal Damping]

In the not too distant past, the design philosophy for tall civil structures could be summarized as LARGE MASS-LARGE STIFFNESS. Advances in material science and design technologies provide the means to explore and construct high-reaching, expansive and much lighter-duty geometries requiring not only extensive strength-based engineering but also carefully executed motion-based analysis as such structures are prone to transverse vibrations. Complicating matters, the inherent natural damping properties of such structures are small, leading to drawn out settling times. Motion-based augmentations offer enabling solutions. ‘Modal Damping’ (MD) exploits damping mechanisms inherent in structures by capitalizing on distinctive dynamic properties existing among the structures vibration modes. An automated, nonlinear control scheme was developed to transfer energy from the fundamental vibration mode, where most vibration energy of the structures of interest resides, to higher order modes where vibration impedance wa...
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the opiate antagonist naltrexone in the treatment of pathological gambling urges.

Objective Pathological gambling (PG) is a disabling disorder experienced by approximately 1% of adults and for which few empirically validated treatments exist. This study examined the efficacy and tolerability of the opioid antagonist naltrexone in adults with PG who have urges to gamble. Method An 18-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 3 doses of oral naltrexone for PG. Seventy-seven individuals with DSM-IV-TR PG were randomly assigned to naltrexone (50 mg/day, 100 mg/day, or 150 mg/day) or placebo. Subjects were assessed with the Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS), the urge and behavior subscales of the PG-YBOCS, the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S), and measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial functioning. Data were collected from September 2002 to June 2005. Results Outcomes did not significantly differ between the various doses of naltrexone. Subjects assigned to naltrexone had significantly greater reductions in PG-YBOCS total scores (p = .0094), gambling urges (p = .0053), and gambling behavior (p = .0134) compared to subjects assigned to placebo. Subjects assigned to naltrexone also had greater improvement in overall gambling severity (reflected in the CGI-S scores) (p = .0080) and in psychosocial functioning (p = .0177) than subjects assigned to placebo. A complete analysis (N = 49) demonstrated significantly greater improvement on all variables for subjects assigned to naltrexone. A sex analysis demonstrated that men and women did not differ significantly in their response to naltrexone. Conclusion Subjects assigned to naltrexone demonstrated statistically significant reductions in gambling urges and behavior in PG. Low-dose naltrexone (50 mg/day) appeared as efficacious as higher doses (100 mg/day and 150 mg/day), and all doses were well tolerated.
Canine cutaneous histiocytoma. A light and electron microscopic study.

Thc term canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) describes a clinically benign nodular lesion which occurs predominantly in young animals. The lesion, which is a common one, is well known to veterinary clinicians and pathologists. Although the general clinical, pathologic, and epizootiologic features of this cntity are adequately documentedg$ 14, 25 the histogenetic nature of the lesion is still obscure. This uncertainty is reflected in the various histologic terms which have been applied to the CCH. Some earlier workers described the lesion among the ‘transmissible lymphosarcoma’8.11; another used the terms rcticulosarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma17. MULLICAN~~ used the designation of histiocytoma and distinguished CCH from mast-cell sarcoma and lymphosarcoma. A further controversy concerns the suggestion that the histiocytoma may be an extragenital form of the canine transmissible veneral tumour (TVT)18, 21. A study of some ultrastructural and histochemical features of CCH was undertaken to sec if this might contribute to undcrstanding of the histogenesis of the lesion.
Cyclic stretch induces vascular smooth muscle cell alignment via NO signaling

We investigated the effects of cyclic stretch on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) alignment and potential overlap of signaling modalities with stretch-induced proliferation. VSMC were subjected t...
Catching bad guys with graph mining

Suspicious network patterns may be the key to detecting criminals and fraudsters on e-commerce sites.
Optical CDMA by spectral encoding of LED for ultrafast ATM switching

Proposes a new optical routing technique based on amplitude spectral encoding of low-cost broadband sources such as light-emitting-diodes (LEDs). The proposed system uses a standard nondispersive lens-grating apparatus, and simple direct-detection receivers. Suitable codes that can allow complete orthogonality between the users are given. Practical considerations are discussed. The application to ATM switching using optical interconnects is studied, in terms of switch capacity. Performance calculations are performed. It is shown that a switch throughput of 840 Gbit/s and 720 Gbit/s can be obtained respectively for Pe=10/sup -7/ and Pe=10/sup -9/. >
The lure of treatment: expanded newborn screening and the curious case of histidinemia.

In the last decade, universal newborn screening (NBS) has entered a new era of promise and controversy. With the use of tandem mass spectroscopy, states have substantially increased the number of conditions included in mandatory NBS programs.1 This expansion has mostly followed recommendations from an expert panel commissioned by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, which proposed mandated screening for a core panel of 29 conditions and suggested that 25 additional conditions be reported to families, although accepted treatments are not yet available.2 The President's Council on Bioethics3 criticized the recommendations, arguing that mandated NBS should be restricted to conditions that adhere closely to Wilson and Jungner's traditional principles for screening,4 especially the availability of treatment that is accepted as effective and accessible to patients. Others have countered that exclusive focus on treatment of the infant ignores other potential benefit to families and society and that the time has come to supplant treatment availability as the key criterion for NBS programs.5,6 These policy debates may seem to arise from access to new technology, but in fact similar issues arose in the early history of NBS. For example, NBS for phenylketonuria is justly celebrated as a public health success, but in the mid-1960s clinicians and policy makers faced profound ethical issues. NBS revealed many children with intermediate serum values of phenylalanine, and because clinicians did not know the natural history of these metabolic variants, they could not accurately weigh the risks and benefits of a restricted diet. A prospective, … Address correspondence to Jeffrey P. Brosco, MD, PhD, PO Box 016820 (D-820), Miami, FL 33101. E-mail: jbrosco{at}miami.edu
Comparing internet and mobile phone digital divides

The digital divide – differences in access to and usage of new communication technologies across sociodemographic groups – is a major policy and social issue. While results are fairly consistent on some topics (usage gaps are associated with education, income, and age), there are contradictions in other areas, and differences based on race and gender are largely disappearing. Recent research on the digital divide is almost entirely devoted to the Internet, with little analysis of the mobile phone. The paper summarizes recent research on the extent and distinctions of the Internet (and some mobile phone) digital divide. Analyses of a national representative telephone survey in 2000 considers similarities and differences in three kinds of digital divides for both the Internet and the mobile phone — users and nonusers, users and dropouts, and recent and veteran users. The results show that these three kinds of digital divides are conceptually and empirically different both within and across the Internet and mobile phone media.
Retinotopic pathways providing motion-selective information to the lobula from peripheral elementary motion-detecting circuits.

Recordings from afferent channels from the medulla supplying deep neuropils of the fly's optic lobes reveal different filter properties among the three classes of afferent neurons: transmedullary cells, T2 neurons, and Y cells. Whereas transmedullary cells respond to local flicker stimuli without discriminating these from directional or oriented motion, the T2 afferent neurons show clear motion orientation selectivity, which corresponds closely with a morphological bias in the orientation of their dendrites and could also be influenced by systems of local recurrent neurons in the medulla. A Y cell having a clearly defined terminal in the lobula, but having dendrite-like processes in the medulla and, possibly, the lobula plate, discriminates the direction of motion and its orientation. These results demonstrate unambiguously that the lobula receives information about motion and that the channels carrying it are distinct from those supplying wide-field motion-selective neurons in the lobula plate. Furthermore, recordings from a newly identified recurrent neuron linking the lobula back to the inner medulla demonstrate that the lobula discriminates nondirectional edge motion from flicker, thereby reflecting a property of this neuropil that is comparable with that of primary visual cortex in cats. The present findings support the proposal that elementary motion detecting circuits supply several parallel channels through the medulla, which segregate to, but are not shared by, the lobula and the lobula plate. The results are discussed in the context of other intracellular recordings from retinotopic neurons and with analogous findings from mammalian visual systems.
Programs as higher level subroutines

The subroutine call is one of the most fundamental of program control constructs. Despite this, it is rarely implemented at the job control or task level in existing commercially available software systems. When the feasibility of adding a general program calling mechanism to an existing system was investigated, it was apparent that there exist constraints on the amount of state information which could be saved on behalf of the calling program. A mechanism with low run-time overhead which saves a minimal amount of state information has proven to be easily integratable into a commercially available operating system. This mechanism has had a significant impact on the ease of development and support of large systems of programs. Examples of the use of the new calling mechanism include a program development system and a recursive directory manager for hierarchical directories.
HIV Infection of T Cells: Actin-in and Actin-out

Three studies shed light on the decade-old observation that the actin cytoskeleton is hijacked to facilitate entry of HIV into its target cells. Polymerization of actin is required to assemble high concentrations of CD4 and CXCR4 at the plasma membrane, which promote viral binding and entry in both the simple model of infection by free virus and the more physiologically relevant route of infection through the virological synapse. Three types of actin-interacting proteins-filamin, ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM), and cofilin-are now shown to play critical roles in this process. Filamin binds to both CD4 and CXCR4 in a manner promoted by signaling of the HIV gp120 glycoprotein. ERM proteins attach actin filaments to the membrane and may promote polymerization of actin. Early in the process of viral entry, cofilin is inactivated, which is proposed to facilitate the early assembly of actin filaments, but cofilin is reported to be activated soon thereafter to facilitate postentry events. This complex role of cofilin may help to reconcile the paradox that actin polymerization promotes initial binding and fusion steps but inhibits some subsequent early postentry events.
Using seafloor heat flow as a tracer to map subseafloor fluid flow in the ocean crust

We describe how seafloor heat flow is determined, review current understanding of advective heat loss from oceanic lithosphere, and present results from three field areas to illustrate how heat flow measurements are used (along with complementary data) to resolve fluid flow rates and patterns. Conductive heat flow through much of the seafloor is lower than predicted by lithospheric cooling models as a result of hydrothermal circulation; this discrepancy is the basis for global estimates of the magnitude of advective cooling of oceanic lithosphere. Hydrothermal circulation also redistributes heat within the ocean crustal aquifer, leading to local variability. Heat flow studies in Middle Valley, a sedimented spreading center in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, indicate multiple scales of fluid circulation, delineate conditions at the top of a hydrothermal reservoir, and show the influence of primary and secondary convection. Heat flow studies on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge document the thermal influence of isolated basement outcrops surrounded by thick, low-permeability sediments. Warm hydrothermal fluids seep from the crust through a small volcanic edifice, having flowed into the crust through a larger outcrop � 50 km to the south. These fluids generate a local geothermal anomaly, but have little influence on regional heat loss from the plate. In contrast, heat flow surveys on part of the Cocos Plate, eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean, indicate that regional conductive heat loss is just 10‐40% of predictions from lithospheric cooling models. Basement outcrops in this area focus massive discharge of cool, hydrothermal fluid and associated heat (4‐80 · 10 3 ls -1 of fluid, 0.8‐1.4 GW of heat). Seafloor heat flow studies will be increasingly important in coming years for understanding marine hydrogeologic regimes and the role of fluids in a variety of Earth processes
Evaluation of acetabular stability in uncemented prostheses

Abstract The stability of two commonly used uncemented acetabular prostheses fixed with either pegs or screws has been established by evaluating the torque strengths in ten cadaveric acetabulae. The initial stability of implants to simulated frictional loads was satisfactory compared to previous estimations of the frictional torques in polyethylene-on-metal and metal-on-metal articulations. Testing of the torque required to produce 2 o of rotation at the bone-implant interface showed that the peg fixation required significantly greater loads than did the screw fixation ( P
Endovascular Therapy in Strokes with ASPECTS 5-7 May Result in Smaller Infarcts and Better Outcomes as Compared to Medical Treatment Alone

Introduction: Intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for large vessel occlusion strokes (LVOS) has been increasingly utilized. The benefit of IAT in patients with midrange Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) remains to be established. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of LVOS with ASPECTS 5-7 treated with IAT (n = 86) or medical therapy alone (intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; n = 15) at two centers from 2009 to 2012. Definitions were as follows: symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage = any parenchymal hematoma; successful reperfusion = mTICI ≥2b; good and acceptable outcomes = 90-day mRS 0-2 and 0-3, respectively. Final infarct volumes (FIV) were calculated based on 24-hour CT/MRI scans. Results: Mean age (67 ± 14 vs. 67 ± 19 years) and baseline NIHSS (20 ± 5 vs. 20 ± 6) were similar in the two groups. Successful reperfusion was achieved in 58 (67%) IAT patients. Symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 9 (10%) and 31 (36%) IAT patients, respectively. The proportion of 90-day good and acceptable outcomes was 20 (17/86) and 33% (28/86), respectively. Successful IAT reperfusion was associated with smaller FIV (p = 0.015) and higher rates of good (p = 0.01) and acceptable (p = 0.014) outcomes. There was a strong trend towards a higher hemicraniectomy requirement in medically as compared to endovascularly treated patients (20 vs. 6%; p = 0.06) despite similar in-hospital mortality. The median FIV was significantly lower with IAT versus medical therapy [80 ml (interquartile range, 38-122) vs. 190 ml (121-267); p = 0.015]. Conclusions: Despite a relatively low probability of achieving functional independence, IAT in LVOS patients with ASPECTS 5-7 appears to result in lower degrees of disability and may lessen the need for hemicraniectomy. Therefore, it may be a reasonable option for patients and families who favor a shift from severe to moderate disability.
Theoretical Chemistry for Heterogeneous Reactions of Atmospheric Importance. The HC1+CIONO2 Reaction on Ice

Heterogeneous chemical reactions at the surface of ice and other stratospheric aerosols are now appreciated to play a critical role in atmospheric ozone depletion. A brief summary of our theoretical work on the reaction of chlorine nitrate and hydrogen chloride on ice is given to highlight the characteristics of such heterogeneous mechanisms and to emphasize the special challenges involved in the realistic theoretical treatment of such reactions.
Monolithic Pressure Sensor System with Digital Signal Processing

Most high volume applications of automotive pressure sensors have historically used some form of analog signal conditioning circuit to calibrate and compensate the silicon piezoresistive sensor element that has dominated many of these applications. This signal conditioning approach has often been implemented with some type of laser trimming to provide the appropriate circuit adjustments. Improvements on this approach have been introduced where electrical programming (e. g. fused links or nonvolatile memory) has been used to calibrate the circuit. However, even digital implementations of these calibration methods still rely on a core analog signal processor, thus providing only a discrete-analog solution to the sensor signal conditioning problem. This paper describes a monolithic pressure sensor integrated circuit that uses a custom, dedicated digital signal processor and nonvolatile memory to calibrate and temperature compensate a family of automotive pressure sensor modules for a wide range of applications. A specially developed digital communications interface permits calibration of a sensor module using the existing module connector pins after the module has been fully assembled and encapsulated. This approach eliminates any post-trim processing that could affect the sensor calibration. Module customization and calibration can be performed as an integral part of the end-of-line testing that is done at the completion of the sensor module manufacturing flow. Sub-micron CMOS circuit fabrication, bulk silicon micromachining, and wafer level bonding technology are uniquely combined to produce a cost-effective part which meets relevant automotive pressure sensor performance and durability criteria. Both digital and analog sensor outputs are available. This fully digital signal processing circuit provides programmable customer features and a significant degree of application flexibility without the system overhead and cost associated with a microprocessor implementation. It also provides a signal conditioning platform that can be applied to a variety of sensing technologies beyond just silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors.
Reducing the Incidence of Phlebitis Related to Intravenous Injection in Pediatric Patients

Background & problems Peripheral venous catheter (PVC) is commonly used to provide nutrition and medicine to pediatric inpatients. Phlebitis is a common side effect of PVC insertion. Over 90% of pediatric patients in the paedi-atric medical ward at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) receive PVC insertion, with an incident rate of phlebitis of 5.07%. Common cause factors of phlebitis are: insufficient sterilization time, inappropriate methods used to fix the PVC, the use of fixtures that loosen easily, high re-fix rates, and inadequate wound care after catheter removal. Purpose The purpose of this project was to reduce the incidence rate of PVC-insertion-related phlebitis in children from 5.07% to 2.5%. Resolution A one-week clinical observation identified the re-inserting / re-fixing of existing PVCs as the principal cause of phlebitis in the CGMH paediatric ward. Therefore, the researchers modified the catheter care bundle based on a review of the literature and the suggestions of clinical pediatric experts. Modifications included applying 2% chlorhexidine to sterilize the insertion site; using a new, non-woven fabric splint to fix the PVC site; providing cartoon-themed waterproof dressings for the first bath after the removal of the PVC; and setting standard operating procedures (SOPs) for PVC insertion and catheter removal. Results After applying these modifications, the incident rate of phlebitis in children with PVC insertions decreased from 5.07% to 2.08%. Conclusions The application of 2% chlorhexidine reduces the waiting time for sterilization; the purpose-designed splint strengthens the fixation of the PVC; and the development of the SOPs for PVC insertion and post-removal catheter care reduces the risk of phlebitis. The combination of these strategies effectively reduces the incidence of phlebitis and improves the nursing care quality.
ADEA President's address.

Good morning, dear family, friends, and colleagues, honored guests, delegates and alternates, past presidents, fellow board members, and staff of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA). It is my distinct personal privilege to address you at this closing session of the ADEA House of
Synthesis of Caged Q-Rhodamine Dye

The Caged Q-rhodamine derivative, along with the synthesis of the caging group had been prepared using two synthetic approaches. UV-Vis profile showed an absorbance at 365nm which can be used to uncage the dye.
Effects of immunostimulants on resistance of newborn mice to herpes simplex type 2 infection.

SummarySince age-dependent diminished macrophage function has been related to the increased susceptibility of newborn mice to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the effect of several agents which might activate macrophages or other cells involved in immunity was investigated. BCG, typhoid vaccine, brucella vaccine, levamisole, or staphage lysate were administered to newborn mice prior to challenge with HSV-2. Of these agents, only BCG, administered ip or id 6 days prior to challenge, was found to increase the survival rate of newborn mice. The possible use of BCG, alone or in combination with other modalities, for the prevention or treatment of neonatal HSV infections is discussed.
Total X-Ray Scattering of Spider Dragline Silk

Total x-ray scattering measurements of spider dragline silk fibers from Nephila clavipes, Argiope aurantia, and Latrodectus hesperus all yield similar structure factors, with only small variations between the different species. Wide-angle x-ray scattering from fibers orientated perpendicular to the beam shows a high degree of anisotropy, and differential pair distribution functions obtained by integrating over wedges of the equatorial and meridian planes indicate that, on average, the majority (95%) of the atom-atom correlations do not extend beyond 1 nm. Futhermore, the atom-atom correlations between 1 and 3 nm are not associated with the most intense diffraction peaks at Q=1-2 A(-1). Disordered molecular orientations along the fiber axis are consistent with proteins in similar structural arrangements to those in the equatorial plane, which may be associated with the silk's greater flexibility in this direction.
Stochastic functional differential equation with infinite memory driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H>1/2

We prove existence and uniqueness for stochastic functional differential equations driven by a one-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter . The stochastic integral with respect to fractional Brownian motion is defined as a pathwise Riemann–Stieltjes integral.
Social support coping style predicts women's cortisol in the laboratory and daily life: the moderating role of social attentional biases.

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives: Social stress and associated coping responses can profoundly influence women’s stress physiology and health. Implicit social attentional biases can also influence psychological and physiological stress responses. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a coping style characterized by greater use of social support predicts indices of cortisol activity in laboratory and daily life contexts among female university students. We hypothesized that the relation of this coping style to cortisol activity would be moderated by women’s attentional biases.Methods: Seventy-four women (Mage = 19.44, range: 17.8–27.8, 64% White) completed an interpersonal stress task and an attentional bias task in the lab, along with a self-report coping inventory. Participants provided five saliva samples during the lab protocol, followed by three saliva samples per day for three consecutive weekdays. Outcome measures included cortisol response to lab tasks (AUCg), diurnal cortisol slope, di...