cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Paramyxovirus Infections

ABSTRACT Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is an endogenous gaseous mediator that has gained increasing recognition as an important player in modulating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, its role in virus-induced lung inflammation is currently unknown. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children for which no vaccine or effective treatment is available. Using the slow-releasing H 2 S donor GYY4137 and propargylglycin (PAG), an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), a key enzyme that produces intracellular H 2 S, we found that RSV infection led to a reduced ability to generate and maintain intracellular H 2 S levels in airway epithelial cells (AECs). Inhibition of CSE with PAG resulted in increased viral replication and chemokine secretion. On the other hand, treatment of AECs with the H 2 S donor GYY4137 reduced proinflammatory mediator production and significantly reduced viral replication, even when administered several hours after viral absorption. GYY4137 also significantly reduced replication and inflammatory chemokine production induced by human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and Nipah virus (NiV), suggesting a broad inhibitory effect of H 2 S on paramyxovirus infections. GYY4137 treatment had no effect on RSV genome replication or viral mRNA and protein synthesis, but it inhibited syncytium formation and virus assembly/release. GYY4137 inhibition of proinflammatory gene expression occurred by modulation of the activation of the key transcription factors nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) at a step subsequent to their nuclear translocation. H 2 S antiviral and immunoregulatory properties could represent a novel treatment strategy for paramyxovirus infections. IMPORTANCE RSV is a global health concern, causing significant morbidity and economic losses as well as mortality in developing countries. After decades of intensive research, no vaccine or effective treatment, with the exception of immunoprophylaxis, is available for this infection as well as for other important respiratory mucosal viruses. This study identifies hydrogen sulfide as a novel cellular mediator that can modulate viral replication and proinflammatory gene expression, both important determinants of lung injury in respiratory viral infections, with potential for rapid translation of such findings into novel therapeutic approaches for viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia.
Esophageal fistula complicating thyroid lobectomy

Thyroidectomy is associated with low morbidity and mortality. Esophageal perforation following thyroidectomy has been reported only three times previously, with subsequent fistulization occurring in two of these cases. The authors present the first such case report in the English-speaking literature.
Magno and parvo stimuli affect illusory directional hearing in normal and dyslexic readers.

In an experimental paradigm adapted from Hari (1995), forty observers listened via headphones to 8 binaural clicks: 4 left-ear leading followed by 4 right-ear leading with either 38 or 140 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Concurrently, they viewed either foveal or peripheral visual stimuli designed to activate either the parvocellular or magnocellular pathway. They then reported the perceived location of each click-pair. Our results replicated Hari’s finding that observers mistake the perceived location of short ISI click-pairs more often than long. That is, when ISIs were short, the sounds seemed to play across the inside of the head in a phenomenon called illusory directional hearing. However, when click-pairs were accompanied by peripheral visual stimuli that activated the magnocellular pathway, observers were more accurate than when there were no visual stimuli. Conversely, parvocellular-activating foveal visual stimuli produced more illusory hearing than when there were no visual stimuli. These findings suggest that activating the slow sustained parvocellular system may result in a longer processing window. Thirty dyslexic observers who repeated the experimental paradigm had an even longer processing window than control observers indicating that dyslexics may have a magnocellular system deficit.
The role of transluminal angioplasty in limb salvage and claudication

With the introduction of the Griintzig balloon catheter, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has gained increased acceptance and has been used to dilate lesions in the coronary [7], renal [6, 91, mesenteric [41, aorta [5], iliac [ 11, femoral [3] and popliteal [3] arteries. In lower extremity ischemia it has been used primarily to treat patients with claudication and short segmental lesions [8] with relatively poor success in limb salvage situations with long segment obstruction and poor runoff [8, 121. Because of a high initial success rate and low complication rate [8], the procedure has been used, at times, in patients with minimal symptoms who otherwise would not be considered for operation. However, objective documentation of the results of transluminal angioplasty and long-term follow-up have been lacking. In order to evaluate the procedure and help develop proper patient selection criteria, we recorded lower extremity systolic blood pressure indices before and after transluminal angioplasty in two groups of patients who were not candidates for operative revascularization. In one group were patients with claudication who had surgically correctable lesions, but did not undergo operation because they declined operation or were felt to have symptoms that were not severe enough to warrant operation. In the other group
Time Spent Communicating: A Multiple Levels of Analysis Approach

Although prior studies have explored the association between time spent communicating and various antecedents and outcomes, differentiating among multiple levels of analysis in these investigations has been largely ignored. In this study, the relationships among time spent communicating and effort, satisfaction with work, and autonomy from a superior were assessed with an explicit consideration of multiple levels of analysisindividuals, work groups, and collectivities. Results from within and between analysis (WABA) procedures suggest that some effects were cross-level, aggregating to higher levels of analysis and varying across job-based collectivities and work groups. Other effects were level-specific, varying across work groups, but not aggregating to a higher level.
The Geographic Selection Mosaic for Ponderosa Pine and Crossbills: A Tale of Two Squirrels

Recent research demonstrates how the occurrence of a preemptive competitor (Tamiasciurus) gives rise to a geographic mosaic of coevolution for crossbills (Loxia) and conifers. We extend these studies by examining ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), which produces more variable annual seed crops than the conifers in previous studies and often cooccurs with tree squirrels in the genus Sciurus that are less specialized than Tamiasciurus on conifer seed. We found no evidence of seed defenses evolving in response to selection exerted by S. aberti, which was apparently overwhelmed by selection resulting from inner bark feeding that caused many developing cones to be destroyed. In the absence of S. aberti, defenses directed at crossbills increased, favoring larger-billed crossbills and causing stronger reciprocal selection between crossbills and ponderosa pine. However, crossbill nomadism in response to cone crop fluctuations prevents localized reciprocal adaptation by crossbills. In contrast, evolution in response to S. griseus has incidentally defended cones against crossbills, limiting the geographic range of the interaction between crossbills and ponderosa pine. Our results suggest that annual resource variation does not prevent competitors from shaping selection mosaics, although such fluctuations likely prevent fine-scale geographic differentiation in predators that are nomadic in response to resource variability.
Monitoring the impact of influenza by age: emergency department fever and respiratory complaint surveillance in New York City.

Background The importance of understanding age when estimating the impact of influenza on hospitalizations and deaths has been well described, yet existing surveillance systems have not made adequate use of age-specific data. Monitoring influenza-related morbidity using electronic health data may provide timely and detailed insight into the age-specific course, impact and epidemiology of seasonal drift and reassortment epidemic viruses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of emergency department (ED) chief complaint data for measuring influenza-attributable morbidity by age and by predominant circulating virus. Methods and Findings We analyzed electronically reported ED fever and respiratory chief complaint and viral surveillance data in New York City (NYC) during the 2001–2002 through 2005–2006 influenza seasons, and inferred dominant circulating viruses from national surveillance reports. We estimated influenza-attributable impact as observed visits in excess of a model-predicted baseline during influenza periods, and epidemic timing by threshold and cross correlation. We found excess fever and respiratory ED visits occurred predominantly among school-aged children (8.5 excess ED visits per 1,000 children aged 5–17 y) with little or no impact on adults during the early-2002 B/Victoria-lineage epidemic; increased fever and respiratory ED visits among children younger than 5 y during respiratory syncytial virus-predominant periods preceding epidemic influenza; and excess ED visits across all ages during the 2003–2004 (9.2 excess visits per 1,000 population) and 2004–2005 (5.2 excess visits per 1,000 population) A/ H3N2 Fujian-lineage epidemics, with the relative impact shifted within and between seasons from younger to older ages. During each influenza epidemic period in the study, ED visits were increased among school-aged children, and each epidemic peaked among school-aged children before other impacted age groups. Conclusions Influenza-related morbidity in NYC was highly age- and strain-specific. The impact of reemerging B/Victoria-lineage influenza was focused primarily on school-aged children born since the virus was last widespread in the US, while epidemic A/Fujian-lineage influenza affected all age groups, consistent with a novel antigenic variant. The correspondence between predominant circulating viruses and excess ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths shows that excess fever and respiratory ED visits provide a reliable surrogate measure of incident influenzaattributable morbidity. The highly age-specific impact of influenza by subtype and strain suggests that greater age detail be incorporated into ongoing surveillance. Influenza morbidity surveillance using electronic data currently available in many jurisdictions can provide timely and representative information about the age-specific epidemiology of circulating influenza viruses.
Achieving FEC and RLL for VLC: A Concatenated Convolutional-Miller Coding Mechanism

Run-length limited (RLL) codes are widely used in visible light communications to avoid long runs of 1s and 0s that potentially cause the flicker. This letter explores the serial concatenation of convolutional codes and Miller codes to simultaneously achieve forward error correction and RLL control. Miller codes with high bandwidth efficiency are much ignored in practice due to their disappointing power efficiency. The novelty of this letter is that we identity the merit of this previously unfavorable RLL code (i.e., trellis structure and soft decidability), exploit some important coding principles (i.e., interleaved serial concatenation and soft-iterative decoding), and assemble it to a powerful turbo structure that makes it outperform the existing favorable choices. A modified Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv decoding algorithm is developed for the proposed concatenation. Analysis and simulations confirm that the new system is capable of solid RLL control and a superb performance better than the existing schemes.
Pyridoxine Deficiency in Turkeys

SummaryPyridoxine deficiency in turkeys is characterized by loss of appetite, poor growth, apathy, hyperexcitability when disturbed, convulsions, and death. Pyridoxine prevented the deficiency symptoms.
The Struggle to Pass Algebra: Online vs. Face-to-Face Credit Recovery for At-Risk Urban Students

Students who fail algebra are significantly less likely to graduate on time, and algebra failure rates are consistently high in urban districts. Identifying effective credit recovery strategies is ...
Patterns of Political Interaction: Reciprocity and Coercion

Within the social science literature two differing approaches for describing and explaining the nature of social relationships are presented. The first approach is based upon the concept that the actors' goals define the nature of the setting and hence have a profound effect upon the type of relationship which evolves. Proponents of this approach argue, for example, that when two or more individuals or groups share similar, compatible goals, there will be a propensity for cooperation; but when their goals are incompatible, their relationship is likely to be characterized by conflict.' The second approach which is frequently presented in the social psychology literature varies in emphasis. Scholars of this approach hypothesize that the nature of a relationship is primari-
Greenbug Response to an Alarm Pheromone Analog: Temperature and Humidity Effects, Disruptive Potential, and Analog Releaser Efficacy

Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), response to the nor-farnesene aphid alarm pheromone analog (E)-2,6,10-trimethylundeca-1,5,9-triene was suppressed by high (35°C) and low (4°C) temperatures, with maximal reaction occuring at ca. 29°C. Response of aphids to pheromone increased with increasing humidity from 15-75% RH, but dropped precipitously at 95% RH. The disruptive potential of the alarm pheromone analog also is limited by the nonresponsive behavior of some individuals, and especially by exposure to sub-threshold levels. Polyethylene vial dispensers produced the highest level of greenbug response to the alarm pheromone, but the effect was short-lived. Zeolites provided a longer and lower, but relatively constant rate of aphid response.
Study on the β-Lactamase Production in Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinically Isolates

OBJECTIVE:To study theβ-lactamase production in multi-drug resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolated in clinic.METHODS:Susceptivity to antibiotics of the bacteria was measured by K-B and agar diffusion methods.Theβ-lac-tamase production of acinetobacter baumannii was examined by nitrocefin disc test,then their plasmid and chromosome ex-tracted as templete,the genes coded theβ-lactamase were amplified by PCR with commercial kits.Furthermore,the sequence and homology of PCR products were analyzed.RESULTS:Total12acinetobacter baumannii in this study wereβ-lacta-mases-producing strains with a high resistance to cephalosporin.However,it is sensitive to carbapenem-antibiotics and cephalosporin withβ-lactamase inhibitors,and6strains of them were confirmed that there wereβ-lactamases AmpC gene on plasmid by PCR amplification and sequence analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Theβ-lactamases AmpC mediated by plasmid would be main factor in the high resistance to cephalosporin of acinetobacter baumannii isolated clinically.
CAPACITY AND QUALITY: KEYS TO SUCCESS IN THE MASS REARING OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS

Biological control is, potentially, and important component of integrated pest management. In most agricultural systems, if biological control is to be effective, periodic releases of biological control agents will be necessary for management of some key pests. These releases require the availability of large numbers of high quality biological control agents, which is dependent on effective mass rearing. Success in mass rearing of biological control agents should be defined in terms of the ability of those agents to contol the target pests. Of the numerous factors that contribute to the successful implementation of such biological control programs, two factors are particularly relevant to mass rearing. First is capacity, the ability to produce, in a timely manner, a sufficient number of agents to treat a significant portion of the area where a pest occurs. Second is the quality of the agents produced, in terms of their ability to perform their function, effectively after release. Regardless of how many agents we release, if they are not capable of functioning effectively at the release site, we cannot expect a biological control success. Large numbers of high quality biological control agents are fundamental prerequisites to successful integration of augmentative biological control and thus, to the success of mass rearing programs. Some approaches for increasing production capacity and maintaining high quality will be discussed.
Are Psychiatric Disorders a Risk for the Development of Neurological Disorders

This chapter questions whether psychiatric disorders are a risk for the development of neurological disorders. It provides a review of the common pathogenic mechanisms that facilitate the existence of bidirectional relations between psychiatric and neurologic disorders, and analyzes the impact that a psychiatric disorder, particularly depression, has on the course of a neurologic entity. These data do not presuppose a causative relation between neurologic and psychiatric disorders; rather, these data suggest the presence of common pathogenic mechanisms mediating both types of disorders. The evidence in the chapter supports this hypothesis. There is a brief description of common pathogenic mechanisms between psychiatric and neurologic disorders, impact of mood disorders on the course of the neurologic disorder, and the patient's quality of life.
Chapter 9 – The Equilibrium Condition Applied to Chemical Processes

The standard free energy change is a function only of temperature. It is independent of pressure and concentration for a specified standard state. Alternative forms of the equilibrium constant can be obtained as one expresses the relationship between activities, and pressures or concentrations. For example, for a gas phase reaction, the standard state one usually chooses is the ideal gas at a pressure of 1 bar. For any given temperature, the [thermodynamic] equilibrium constant is directly related to the standard change in free energy. Since, at any given temperature, the free energy in the standard state for each reactant and product, G° i , is independent of the pressure, it follows that the standard change in free energy for the reaction, Δ r G°, is independent of the pressure. Therefore, at constant temperature, the equilibrium constant K is also independent of the pressure.
Assessing the Accuracy of Tree Diameter Measurements Collected at a Distance

The ability to measure trees remotely or at a distance may be of value to forest inventory processes. Within three forest types (young coniferous, old coniferous, and deciduous), we compared laser caliper measurements collected at distances up to 12 m from each tree, to direct contact caliper measurements. Bitterlich sector-fork measurements and diameter tape measure ments were also collected for reference purposes. We used non-parametric tests to evaluate three of our four hypotheses that suggest there are no significant differences between direct and remote diameter measurements, between caliper measurements and sector-fork measurements, and between diameter measurement errors across forest types. In general, most of the differences in diameters were small (≤ 0.8 cm) and were observed within the 0–6 m measure ment distance from each tree. These results suggest that forest characteristics and measurement distance may play a role in remote diameter measurement accuracy. We also performed a correlation analysis between light conditions and remote measurements. The correlation analysis suggested light conditions were not significantly correlated to diameter measurement accu racy.
Silica deposits on Mars with features resembling hot spring biosignatures at El Tatio in Chile

The Mars rover Spirit encountered outcrops and regolith composed of opaline silica (amorphous SiO2·nH2O) in an ancient volcanic hydrothermal setting in Gusev crater. An origin via either fumarole-related acid-sulfate leaching or precipitation from hot spring fluids was suggested previously. However, the potential significance of the characteristic nodular and mm-scale digitate opaline silica structures was not recognized. Here we report remarkably similar features within active hot spring/geyser discharge channels at El Tatio in northern Chile, where halite-encrusted silica yields infrared spectra that are the best match yet to spectra from Spirit. Furthermore, we show that the nodular and digitate silica structures at El Tatio that most closely resemble those on Mars include complex sedimentary structures produced by a combination of biotic and abiotic processes. Although fully abiotic processes are not ruled out for the Martian silica structures, they satisfy an a priori definition of potential biosignatures. Hydrothermal deposits on Mars may provide the best opportunity to find Martian biosignatures. Ruff and Farmer report that silica structures created by biotic and abiotic process in hot springs at El Tatio, Chile resemble those found in Gusev crater, thus making it an ideal location for future missions.
Reduced Cu–Co–Al Mixed Metal Oxides for the Ring-Opening of Furfuryl Alcohol to Produce Renewable Diols

The ring-opening of furfuryl alcohol to diol products, including 1,2-pentanediol and 1,5-pentanediol, is investigated over reduced Cu–Co–Al mixed metal oxides in a liquid phase batch reactor under H2 pressure. These catalysts are synthesized through the calcination of layered double hydroxides (LDH) to yield well-dispersed, porous mixed metal oxides, which upon reduction displayed activity toward diols, mainly the valuable monomer 1,5-pentanediol. The addition of Cu facilitated the reduction of Co oxide species at lower temperatures, and under optimized conditions, a yield toward 1,5-pentanediol of 44% (total diol yield of 62%) was achieved. Various characterization techniques including temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are employed to elucidate the structure of the catalysts, suggesting the formation of both metallic (Co and Cu) and oxide (CoO) species after reduction and passivation. Ultimately, this study demonstrates...
Distributions of kinetic pathways in strain relaxation of heteroepitaxial films

The kinetic relaxation pathways for strained heteroepitaxial films are mapped using a process simulator that integrates experimental and model descriptions of the energetic and kinetic parameters that define the nucleation, propagation, and interaction of strain relieving dislocations. This paper focuses on GexSi1−x/Si(100), but the methodologies described should be extendible to other systems. The kinetic pathways for strain evolution are plotted for film growth as functions of the primary kinetic parameters: growth temperature, growth rate, and initial lattice mismatch, generating relaxation surfaces for parameter pairs. Sensitivity analyses are presented of how deviations from mean parameters disperse the resultant relaxation surfaces. Finally, multi-parameter “fingerprinting” of the dislocation array is shown to illustrate how fundamental kinetic mechanisms—particularly dislocation nucleation mechanisms—define the final dislocation array. The overarching goal is to establish a robust framework for predicting, interrogating, and optimizing strain relaxation pathways and underlying mechanisms, for misfit dislocations in strained heteroepitaxial films.
Myocardial infarction and angina pectoris in the history of Polish medicine. Part 1. Discovery and understanding of the disease.

This review presents the most important achievements associated with the understanding of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in Poland. The author describes the contribution of physicians living on Polish soil to scientific knowledge in this field. The beginning of Polish interest in cardiac diseases are associated with an eminent medieval physician, Thomas of Wroclaw. In Part 1, a history of studies on myocardial infarction ends with establishing the first diagnosis of myocardial infarction as the cause of death in patients with angina in the mid-19th century. While discussing the contribution of Polish physicians to the worldwide knowledge about myocardial infarction, crucial facts associated with understanding of angina pectoris in other countries have been presented. The discovery of the pathomorphological features of ischemic heart disease and its relation to clinical signs or symptoms has been reminded to the readers. Eminent and well or less known Polish forefathers of medicine are recalled, including Adam Christian Thebesius, Jozef Chrzczonowicz, Jan Cenner, Andrzej Janikowski, Jozef Rompalski, Jozef Pawinski and Edward Korczynski.
Examining Effects of Internal Branding on Hospitality Student Interns’ Brand-Supportive Behaviors: The Role of Value Congruence

With the importance of hospitality internships being universally recognized, this study examines the salient impact of internal branding on hospitality student interns’ brand-supportive behaviors through the mediation of value congruence. This study reveals that internal branding has direct positive effects on all three brand-supportive behaviors (hospitality interns’ brand service performance, intention to work for the brand after graduation, and positive word of mouth) and indirect effects through value congruence on the two outcome variables (intention to work for the brand after graduation and positive word of mouth). This study contributes to the literature by enhancing researchers’ understanding of the influence of internal branding on a brand and assists hospitality practitioners with marketing and human resource management practices associated with student interns.
Kinetics of the catalytic polymerization of pyrene with AlCl3

Abstract The kinetics of the catalytic polymerization of pyrene monomer to pyrene pitch in the presence of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) were studied at temperatures between 330 and 370 °C in a 1-L batch reactor. Both reactants and reaction products were isolated from the bulk pitch using supercritical extraction (SCE), so that they could be quantified. Concentrations of monomer, dimer, and trimer were measured at discrete reaction times, and each was found to exhibit first-order reaction behavior. Analysis of the oligomerization reaction behavior at differing temperatures enabled the calculation of apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors for each reaction. Relatively low activation energies that decreased with increasing oligomer size were obtained, suggesting that the reactions are mass-transfer-limited. The microkinetic model that was developed can be used to estimate the reaction time for which the formation of liquid crystalline, mesophase-forming pyrene trimer is maximized. Other groups have developed models for bulk mesophase formation, but this is the first time that reaction kinetics have been measured for individual oligomers in a carbonaceous pitch formed from pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or mixtures thereof.
Landé g J values in Ne20: measurements of g J (2p 8 ), g J (2p 9 ), and g J (2p 10 ) by saturation spectroscopy

Saturated absorption laser spectroscopy has been used to measure the ratios of Lande gJ factors gJ(2p8)/gJ(1s5), gJ(2p9)/gJ(1s5), and gJ(2p10)/gJ(1s5) in Ne20. Then, by invoking an existing 5 ppm experimental value for gJ(1s5), we arrive at experimental values gJ(2p8)=1.1364(4), gJ(2p9)=1.3332(4), and gJ(2p10)=1.9909(2), whose 350, 300, and 100 ppm uncertainties represent two-, five-, and three-fold improvements over previous measurements.
Environmental fate and ecotoxicology of paraquat: a California perspective

The herbicide paraquat belongs to the group of the bipyridylium salts. In California, it is used primarily for control of broad-leaved grasses in fruit orchards and plantations, as a cotton defolia...
Impact of Clinical Information on the Turnaround Time in Surgical Histopathology: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction Clinical information (CI) is a key requisite to diagnose and report a specimen in histopathology. A timely dispatched report can help a clinician to confirm a diagnosis and initiate a prompt treatment plan while an unnecessary delay in reporting time can compromise patient's healthcare. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of the adequacy of CI provided by clinicians on the turnaround time (TAT) and to investigate factors pertinent to specimens, their handling, and diagnosis. Methods This retrospective study reviewed a total of 803 surgical specimens reported in a duration of four months (from December 2015 till March 2016) by the Department of Histopathology, FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan. Frozen section and cytology specimens were excluded. CI was classified into three categories: short and focused, long and detailed, and deficient CI. Deficient CI was designated where the pathologist had to seek more information from the requesting clinicians. Total time taken by the histopathologist to complete a report was calculated after excluding weekends and holidays. Other factors like type of specimen, special staining, diagnosis of malignancy and source of referral were also studied. The data were entered and analyzed on SPSS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to measure the distribution. Results Most of the specimens (46.2%, n = 371) were reported within three days. Of these, most of the specimens (46.9%, n = 174) had a short and focused CI (p < 0.001). Majority of the specimens which were reported within four to five days (42.1%, n = 114) and after five days (62.1%, n = 100) were found to have a long and detailed CI in their requisition forms. Median TAT extended to six (4.00-7.00) days with the use of special stains (p < 0.001). One hundred and sixty-three (20.29%) of the total cases were diagnosed as malignant in which the median TAT significantly prolonged to five days (p < 0.001). Most of the specimens (80%, n = 60) received from the outside laboratories had a long and detailed CI in requisition forms. Endometrial tissue specimen was the predominant type received by the department (24.3%, n = 90). Conclusion Adequate CI is necessary for timely and error-free reporting of a specimen in surgical histopathology. A short, focused and concise CI is associated with a shorter TAT. Long and detailed CI is often seen with a complex surgical specimen that requires a longer time to report. Factors like specimen type, special staining, number of special stains and diagnosis of a malignancy also affect TAT.
The Need for Public Intellectuals in the Trump Era and Beyond: Strategies for Communication, Engagement, and Advocacy

This special forum, derived from a featured session at the 2017 meeting of the American Association of Geographers (AAG) in Boston, seeks to carry out a grounded discussion of public intellectualis...
Hybrid PLL architectures and implementations

Conclusion: Initial High Performance Hybrid PLL Implementation Key results •A 28GHz, low noise hybrid PLL drawing 31mW from 1V demonstrated in 32nm CMOS •Compact, digital friendly implementation comparable to that of digital PLL achieved •Linear phase response and spurious spectral content similar to that of all analog PLL achieved Challenges •Integral path redundant numbering implementation still problematic •Does not really exploit opportunities presented by hybrid architecture.
The influence of wind on anisotropy in optical turbulence

Measurements with Hartmann Turbulence Sensor revealed anisotropy in optical turbulence. The orientation of this anisotropy was found to be frequently correlated with the direction of the wind. A Hartmann sensor was employed in two data collection campaigns in the summers of 2016 and 2017. In 2016 data was collected on a 200 meter path over a grassy field; in 2017 a 1 km path over an asphalt runway was employed. Similar results were obtained in both cases. The sensor is based on a 16” telescope with a 32 × 32 subaperture array featuring 700 active subapertures and a camera operating as fast as 8000 frames/sec. A 2 mW HeNe operating at 632.8 nm was placed at the other end of the experimental path and was beam expanded to overfill the telescope aperture. The sensor recovered tilts across each subaperture from centroid shifts of the imaged HeNe spots. After global tilts were removed, anisotropy was gauged from the eccentricity and orientation of a bivariate Gaussian fit to this two-dimensional data. The anisotropy observed was modest in strength (<30%) and only rarely was this anisotropy found to be aligned with the horizontal and vertical directions. This result breaks the apparent symmetry of the experiment, but a cross-wind also breaks this symmetry, so this effect was examined, and it was discovered that the anisotropy direction was well correlated with the wind direction. Physically these results can be explained by turbulent eddies rising from the ground and being distorted by the crossing wind.
CONTROL OF CATECHOLAMINE AND INDOLEAMINE METABOLISM BY SYMPATHETIC NERVES

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the control of catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism by sympathetic nerves. It describes the uptake, storage, releases, and metabolism of catecholamines in sympathetic nerves. The uptake and retention of the administered catecholamines by tissues having an abundant adrenergic supply suggested that the sympathetic nerves might be the site of uptake. When sympathetically innervated structures are cut, the catecholamines are depleted. Presumably, this is because of the subsequent degeneration of the nerves. Denervation experiments provided an opportunity to examine the importance of sympathetic fibers in the uptake and storage of noradrenaline. The superior cervical ganglia from cats were removed unilaterally and about 5 days were allowed to elapse to insure degeneration of the nerve fibers. H3-noradrenaline and H3-adrenaline were administered intravenously, the cats were killed 1 h later, and the H3-catecholamine content was examined in the innervated and denervated salivary gland. There was a profound decrease in the ability of the denervated salivary gland to take up and retain the circulating noradrenaline and adrenaline.
Survey of Automotive Controller Area Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Editor’s note: Control Area Network (CAN) is one of the most popular targets for malicious attacks and exploitations in modern automotive systems. The goal of intrusion detection systems (IDS) is to identify and mitigate security attacks; consequently, they are of paramount importance to automotive security. This article surveys the state of the art in IDS, with special emphasis on techniques for detecting attacks on CAN modules. —Sandip Ray, University of Florida
Small RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals miRNA Expression Dynamics Across Tissues in the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae.

Malaria continues to be a major global health problem, where disease transmission is deeply linked to the repeated blood feeding nature of the anautogenous mosquito. Given the tight link between blood feeding and disease transmission, understanding basic biology behind mosquito physiology is a requirement for developing effective vector-borne disease control strategies. In the mosquito, numerous loss of function studies with notable phenotypes demonstrate microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in mosquito physiology. While the field appreciates the importance of a handful of miRNAs, we still need global mosquito tissue miRNA transcriptome studies. To address this need, our goal was to determine the miRNA transcriptome for multiple tissues of the pre-vitellogenic mosquito. To this end, by using small RNA-Seq analysis, we determined miRNA transcriptomes in tissues critical for mosquito reproduction and immunity including (i) fat body-abdominal wall enriched tissues, (ii) midguts, (iii) ovaries, and (iv) remaining tissues comprised of the head and thorax. We found numerous examples of miRNAs exhibiting pan-tissue high- or low- expression, tissue exclusion, and tissue enrichment. We also updated and consolidated the miRNA catalog and provided a detailed genome architecture map for the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. This study aims to build a foundation for future research on how miRNAs and potentially other small RNAs regulate mosquito physiology as it relates to vector-borne disease transmission.
Linking Mind to Molecular Pathways: The Role of Experiment Tools

Neurobiologists talk of linking mind to molecular dynamics in and between neurons. Such talk is dismissed by cognitive scientists, including many cognitive neuroscientists, due to the number of “levels” that separate behaviors from these molecular events. In this paper I explain what neurobiologists mean by such claims by describing the kinds of experiment tools that have forged these linkages, directly on lab benches. I here focus on one of these tools, gene targeting techniques, brought into behavioral neuroscience from developmental biology more than a quarter-century ago. Discussion of this tool does more than illuminate these claims by neurobiologists, however. An account of its development shows the doubly dependent role that theory plays in neurobiology. Our best current theories about “how the brain works” depend entirely on the experiment tools neuroscientists have available. And these tools get developed via the solution of engineering problems, not the application of theory. Theory is thus of tertiary importance in neuroscience, not of the primary importance that many cognitive scientists assume it to occupy.
Elevated Pretreatment Plasma Oncostatin M Is Associated With Poor Biochemical Response to Infliximab.

Background We hypothesized that elevations of plasma Oncostatin M (OSM) would be associated with infliximab nonresponse. Methods Plasma OSM was measured in Crohn disease patients pre-infliximab with biochemical response (>50% reduction in fecal calprotectin) as the primary outcome. Results The median OSM in biochemical responders was 86 (69-148) pg/mL compared with 166 (74-1766) pg/mL in nonresponders (P = 0.03). Plasma OSM > 143.5 pg/mL was 71% sensitive and 78% specific for biochemical nonresponse (area under the curve 0.71). Early biochemical nonremission was also associated with an elevated neutrophil CD64 expression (odds ratio 8.9, P = 0.011). Conclusions Elevated preinfliximab plasma OSM and nCD64 surface expression were both associated with poor biochemical outcomes.
Direct Visualization of Counter-Propagating Surface Plasmons in Real Space-Time

We deploy two-dimensional nanohole arrays as resonant surface plasmon polariton (SPP) couplers that enable counter-propagation and excitation field interference-free imaging of SPP wave packets. We...
Using MSN Money To Perform Financial Ratio Analysis

In today’s information technology world, real time financial data is readily available via many financial websites, such as MSN Money, Google Finance, Yahoo Finance, etc. The incorporation of computer technology in finance classes has become more popular than ever in this information technology rich environment. Mediated classrooms have rapidly grown in numbers throughout the universities worldwide. Based on my experience as a finance professor, I have summarized this teaching note to demonstrate an alternative pedagogical tool in performing financial ratio analysis. The class assignment presented hereinafter is designed to help students learn how to assess the company’s overall operations and current financial standing via an on-line database available in MSN Money website. It can be used in any corporate finance class. I collected student feedback on the assignment, and the vast majority of the survey participants perceived the assignment as a very good learning experience.
Unveiling Carbon Ring Structure Formation Mechanisms in Polyacrylonitrile-Derived Carbon Fibers

As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) rapidly grows, lower-cost, lighter, and stronger carbon fibers (CFs) are urgently needed to respond to consumers' call for greater EV traveling range and stronger safety structures for AVs. Converting polymeric precursors to CFs requires a complex set of thermochemical processes; a systematic understanding of each parameter in fiber conversion is still, to a large extent, lacking. Here, we demonstrate the effect of carbonization temperature on carbon ring structure formation by combining atomistic/microscale simulations and experimental validation. Experimental testing, as predicted by simulations, exhibited that the strength and ductility of PAN CFs decreased, whereas the Young's modulus increased with increasing carbonization temperature. Our simulations unveiled that high carbonization temperature accelerated the kinetics of graphitic phase nucleation and growth, leading to the decrease in strength and ductility but increase in modulus. The methodology presented herein using combined atomistic/microscale simulations and experimental validation lays a firm foundation for further innovation in CF manufacturing and low-cost alternative precursor development.
Effects of organic silicon compounds on syngas auto-ignition behavior

Abstract Siloxanes are a significant impurity in syngas feedstocks and an important source of silicon in combustion synthesis applications. However, little is known regarding the fundamental combustion chemistry of siloxane compounds. The impact of two organic silicon species with different but related chemical structures, trimethylsilanol (TMSO) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), on syngas auto-ignition behavior was investigated in this study using physical and computational experiments. A rapid compression facility (RCF) was used to create temperatures of 1010–1070 K and pressures of 8–10.3 atm for auto-ignition experiments. Experiments with trace concentrations of TMSO (100 ppm, mole basis) or HMDSO (100 ppm) were added to a surrogate syngas blend (CO and H2 with a molar ratio of 2.34:1, air levels of dilution, with molar equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.1). The measured ignition delay times showed both siloxane species promote ignition behavior with TMSO yielding faster ignition delay times by approximately 37% and HMDSO yielding faster times by approximately 50% compared with the reference syngas mixture which contained no siloxanes. A computational study was conducted to interpret the results of the ignition experiments. Because detailed chemistry does not exist for these organo-silicon compounds, the effects of the addition of CH3, H, and OH radicals to H2 and CO mixtures were explored to simulate the potential rapid decomposition of the siloxanes in the H2 and CO system. Addition of the radicals decreased the predicted ignition delay times when compared with the H2 and CO mixture simulations without the radical species, but the simulations did not fully capture the behavior observed in the experiments, indicating the siloxane chemistry is more complex than providing a rapid source of radicals.
The Arabidopsis kinase-associated protein phosphatase KAPP, interacting with protein kinases SnRK2.2/2.3/2.6, negatively regulates abscisic acid signaling

The kinase-associated protein phosphatase, KAPP, is negatively involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. KAPP interacts physically with SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3 and SnRK2.6, and functionally acts upstream of SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3. The kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) has been reported to be involved in the regulation of many developmental and signaling events, but it remains unknown whether KAPP is involved in ABA signaling. Here, we report that KAPP is negatively involved in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. The two loss-of-function mutants of KAPP, kapp-1 and kapp-2, exhibit increased ABA sensitivity in ABA-induced seed germination inhibition and post-germination growth arrest. The three closely-related protein kinase, (SNF1)-related protein kinase SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3 and SnRK2.6, which play critical roles in ABA signaling, interact and co-localize with KAPP. Genetic evidence showed that the ABA-hypersensitive phenotypes caused by KAPP mutation were suppressed by the double mutation of SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3, indicating that KAPP functions upstream of SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 in ABA signaling. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that KAPP mutation affects expression of multiple ABA-responsive genes. These results demonstrated that KAPP is negatively involved in plant response to ABA, which help to understand the complicated ABA signaling mechanism.
Evidence of social facilitation and inhibition in digging behavior of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta

As a mound building species, digging is an intrinsic behavior of the red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. In this study, digging behavior of S. invicta was studied using sand as a digging substrate. When the group is small, grouped ants often had a significantly higher digging amount per individual than an ant in solitary, indicating that social facilitation occurred among ants. However, with ant numbers increased further, the digging amount per ant decreased, indicating digging inhibition took place. Ants preferentially dug the sand treated with worker body extracts and more ants were found in the treatment at the end of experiment. The body extract significantly increased the percentage of ants that exhibited digging behavior. These results indicate that chemical cues may play a role in social facilitation of digging behavior in red imported fire ants; however, these data can't explain the social inhibition observed in this experiment. The mechanisms behind the social facilitation, social inhibition and their transition require further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Electrodiagnostic Studies and Ultrasound Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve in Patients With Isolated Cervical Radiculopathy

Purpose Although the literature has shown that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the carpal tunnel on ultrasound is enlarged in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, it does not provide information regarding whether proximal nerve pathology, such as that seen in cervical radiculopathy, increases the CSA of the median nerve. Methods In this study, 15 patients were enrolled who had a clinical diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy but not carpal tunnel syndrome. All patients underwent electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound measurement of the CSA of the median nerve. Results Increased median nerve CSA was seen in 1 of 15 patients (7%). Positive findings of cervical radiculopathy were found in 7 patients (47%) by electrodiagnostic studies. Conclusions In patients clinically diagnosed with isolated cervical radiculopathy, the vast majority have normal median nerve CSA measured on ultrasound. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic IV.
Evidence for non-Gaussian tail in 3D pion emission source at the SPS

The NA49 experiment at CERN SPS has acquired a huge data set of Pb+Pb events over a broad range of energy and centrality during the last several years. This high statistics data set, coupled with a state-of-the-art analysis technique, allows for the first model-independent extraction and energy scan of 3D emission sources for pion pairs at SPS energies. These 3D pion emission sources provide new insights into the nature of a long-range source previously reported by PHENIX at RHIC. The new results indicate that the pion source displays significant non-Gaussian tails in the longitudinal direction at 40 and 158 AGeV and in the outward direction at 158 AGeV.