cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel force matrix transformation with optimal load-balance for 3-body potential based parallel molecular dynamics using atom-decomposition in a heterogeneous cluster environment

Evaluating the Force Matrix constitutes the most computationally intensive part of a Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. In three-body MD simulations, the total energy of the system is determined by the energy of every unique triple in the system and the force matrix is three-dimensional. The execution time of a three-body MD algorithm is thus proportional to the cube of the number of atoms in the system. Fortunately, there exist symmetries in the Force Matrix that can be exploited to improve the running time of the algorithm. While this optimization is straight forward to implement in the case of sequential code, it has proven to be nontrivial for parallel code even in a homogeneous environment. In this paper, we present a force matrix transformation that is capable of exploiting the symmetries in the force matrix in both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous environment while balancing the load among all the participating processors. The proposed transformation distributes the number of interactions to be computed uniformly among all the slices of the force matrix along any of the axes. The transformed matrix can be scheduled using any well known heterogeneous slice-level scheduling technique. We also derive theoretical bounds for efficiency and load balance for prior work in the literature. We then prove some interesting and useful properties of our transformation and evaluate its advantages and disadvantages. A loop reordering optimization for the symmetric transformation is described. The performance of an MPI implementation of the transformation is studied in terms of the Step Time Variation Ratio (STVR) in a homogeneous and heterogeneous environment.
Computational Methods for Investment Portfolio: the Use of Fuzzy Measures and Constraint Programming for Risk Management

Computational intelligence techniques are very useful tools for solving problems that involve understanding, modeling, and analysis of large data sets. One of the numerous fields where computational intelligence has found an extremely important role is finance. More precisely, optimization issues of one’s financial investments, to guarantee a given return, at a minimal risk, have been solved using intelligent techniques such as genetic algorithm, rule-based expert system, neural network, and support-vector machine. Even though these methods provide good and usually fast approximation of the best investment strategy, they suffer some common drawbacks including the neglect of the dependence among among criteria characterizing investment assets (i.e. return, risk, etc.), and the assumption that all available data are precise and certain. To face these weaknesses, we propose a novel approach involving utility-based multi-criteria decision making setting and fuzzy integration over intervals.
High throughput processing of CdTe/CdS solar cells

Methods for achieving high throughput and materials yield in processing >13% efficient CdTe thin film solar cells are demonstrated, with emphasis on semiconductor deposition and post-deposition processing. Chemical surface deposition was used to deposit uniform 100 cm/sup 2/ area CdS films 50 nm thick at 0.2 nm/sec, with >80% utilization of solvated Cd species. Vapor transport at 20 Torr was used to deposit dense CdTe films, 1-7 /spl mu/m thick, onto CdS-coated substrates with >50% utilization in an unbaffled system. Uniform films have been deposited with translation at up to 12 cm/min and static equivalent growth rate >80 pm/min. Vapor CdCl/sub 2/ post-deposition treatments yielded solar cells with AM1.5 conversion efficiency >13% for 6 /spl mu/m thick CdTe and >8% for 1 /spl mu/m thick CdTe.
Approaches to the Machine Recognition of Conversational Speech

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the analysis of the problems that have to be solved to achieve machine recognition of conversational speech, and discusses some possible avenues along which the design of conversational speech-recognition systems are likely to proceed. Machine recognition of speech is the translation of the continuously varying acoustical speech signal into a sequence of discrete symbols representing linguistically defined units. The chapter discusses the reasons for interest in machine recognition of conversational speech, fundamentals of speech recognition, speech recognition as a mapping operation, speech recognition as the complement to speech production, and operational requirements for speech-recognition systems. The approaches to the recognition of conversational speech show wide ranges in three major areas: segmentation and classification, consideration of speaker variations, and information processing. Three approaches that appear to have chances for successful implementations and that have the potential of conversational speech recognition are described in continuous dynamic pattern match, phonological parametric decoding, and phonological digital decoding. Speech recognition efforts in the near future will play the role of providing instrumentation for research in phonetics, phonology, and linguistics rather than that of developing man–machine interfaces. The development of operational automatic-recognition systems for truly conversational speech appears to be a project for the far future.
City choreographer: Lawrence Halprin in urban renewal America

Alison Bick Hirsch's book provides a broad and nuanced survey of the work of landscape architect Lawrence Halprin. Through Halprin's oeuvre, the book attacks the important yet too little studied qu...
Growth of largemouth bass in a dynamic estuarine environment: an evaluation of the relative effects of salinity, diet, and temperature

Some freshwater fishes occur regularly in estuarine areas that experience spatial and seasonal variation in marine influence. These dynamic abiotic and biotic conditions potentially influence food ...
Antioxidant capacities vary substantially among cultivars of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade)

Fruits from forty‐two blueberry cultivars, including thirty‐six rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade), three V. ashei hybrid derivatives and three northern highbush (V. corymbosum L.) standards, were evaluated for their antioxidant activities against peroxyl free radicals (ROO˙), hydroxyl radicals (OH˙), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals () and singlet oxygen (1O2) radicals. The differences in scavenging capacities for these radicals among forty‐two selected blueberry cultivars were significant. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity values ranged from 33.8 to 118.7 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE) g fresh wt−1, 196.1 to 518.8 μmol TE g dry wt−1 and 7.1 to 22.2 μmol cm−2‐surface area. Extracts from fruit of pure rabbiteye had higher levels of scavenging capacities of oxygen species , 1O2 and H2O2 compared to V. ashei hybrid derivatives and northern highbush blueberry standards. The rabbiteye cultivars ‘Early May’ and ‘Centurion’ had the highest scavenging capacity for the reactive oxygen species, not only for ROO˙ and ˙OH, but also for , 1O2 and a strong oxidant, H2O2. In contrast, ‘Pink Lemonade’ (pink‐fruited) had the lowest ability to inhibit free radical activity of ROO˙,˙OH, 1O2, and H2O2.‘Snowflake’ had the lowest scavenging capacity for . Blueberry cultivars with high antioxidant activity and radical scavenging capacity have potential to improve human health and can possibly be used as parents for future blueberry breeding programs to develop new blueberry cultivars with higher antioxidant activity.
The Characterization of Nonbacterial Prostatitis: Search for an Etiology

AbstractNonbacterial prostatitis is often difficult to differentiate from other prostatic complaints and remains a vaguely characterized syndrome. Prostatic fluid inflammatory cells and elevated immunoglobulins raise the suspicion that this syndrome is caused by some undetected infection. Prostatic fluid antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, staphylococcus, Staphylococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens were measured in men with nonbacterial and bacterial prostatitis, and men without urinary symptoms by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase were measured in the prostatic fluid as indirect measures of secretory activity. Of 44 men with nonbacterial prostatitis 9 (20%) had detectable prostatic fluid antichlamydial antibody titers, compared with 3 of 25 control men (12%) and 2 of 13 (15%) with bacterial prostatitis—no evidence for a higher prevalence of pro static fluid antichlamydial antibody in m...
An Upper Palaeolithic Landscape Analysis of Coastal Portugal Using Ground-penetrating Radar

Ground-penetrating mapping radar allows for the three-dimensional reconstruction of ancient landscapes by interpreting geological horizons associated with archaeological sites. When the geological framework of a site can be placed in both time and space, ancient environments and people's usage and adaptation to landscapes can be studied. In coastal Portugal late Ice Age people discarded stone tools within aeolian sands that were deposited directly on a bedrock surface, which could be mapped using ground-penetrating radar. That surface was then studied in three-dimensions and the palaeotopography at the time people were using this area was mapped. It was found that these ancient people probably took shelter behind a small elevation rise on the edge of a series of streams that flowed toward a nearby floodplain. Using this type of analysis the environmental context of prehistoric activities and human behaviour of these people is provided in a way not possible using traditional archaeological methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Susceptibility of porcine intestine to pilus-mediated adhesion by some isolates of piliated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli increases with age.

Two porcine isolates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (serogroup O157 and O141) derived from fatal cases of postweaning diarrhea and lacking K88, K99, F41, and 987P pili (4P- ETEC) were tested for adhesiveness to small-intestinal epithelia of pigs of different ages. Neither strain adhered to isolated intestinal brush borders of newborn (1-day-old) pigs in the presence of mannose. However, mannose-resistant adhesion occurred when brush borders from 10-day- and 3- and 6-week-old pigs were used. Electron microscopy revealed that both strains produced fine (3.5-nm) and type 1 pili at 37 degrees C but only type 1 pili at 18 degrees C. Mannose-resistant in vitro adhesion to brush borders of older pigs correlated with the presence of fine pili. These strains produced predominantly fine pili in ligated intestinal loops of both older and newborn pigs, but adherence was greater in loops in older pigs. Immunoelectron microscopic studies, using antiserum raised against piliated bacteria and absorbed with nonpiliated bacteria, of samples from brush border adherence studies revealed labelled appendages between adherent bacteria and intestinal microvilli. Orogastric inoculation of pigs weaned at 10 and 21 days of age indicated significantly (P less than 0.001) higher levels of adhesion by the ETEC to the ileal epithelia of older pigs than to that of younger ones. We suggest that small-intestinal adhesion and colonization by these ETEC isolates is dependent on receptors that develop progressively with age during the first 3 weeks after birth. Furthermore, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the fine pili described mediate intestinal adhesion by the 4P- ETEC strains studied. Images
β-Silyl and β-Germyl Carbocations Stable at Room Temperature

Stable carbocations have been prepared at room temperature with benzene as solvent and tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TPFPB) as anion by the addition of solvated triethylsilylium TPFPB or of tributylgermylium TPFPB to 1,1-diphenylethene. These carbocations are stabilized by σ conjugation with nonadjacent group 14 atoms and respectively constitute stable saturated β-silyl and β-germyl carbocations. NMR parameters, including the 29Si chemical shift, the 13C chemical shifts of the cationic, aryl, and methylene carbons, and the one-bond 13C−1H coupling constant of the methylene group adjacent to the group 14 element, define the distribution of positive charge between carbon and (through σ conjugation) silicon or germanium. The extent of hyperconjugation is estimated quantitatively by comparison with models. The NMR parameters indicate that the cations are open rather than bridged.
Automated segmentation method for the 3D ultrasound carotid image based on geometrically deformable model with automatic merge function

Stenosis of the carotid is the most common cause of the stroke. The accurate measurement of the volume of the carotid and visualization of its shape are helpful in improving diagnosis and minimizing the variability of assessment of the carotid disease. Due to the complex anatomic structure of the carotid, it is mandatory to define the initial contours in every slice, which is very difficult and usually requires tedious manual operations. The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic segmentation method, which automatically provides the contour of the carotid from the 3-D ultrasound image and requires minimum user interaction. In this paper, we developed the Geometrically Deformable Model (GDM) with automatic merge function. In our algorithm, only two initial contours in the topmost slice and four parameters are needed in advance. Simulated 3-D ultrasound image was used to test our algorithm. 3-D display of the carotid obtained by our algorithm showed almost identical shape with true 3-D carotid image. In addition, experimental results also demonstrated that error of the volume measurement of the carotid based on the three different initial contours is less that 1% and its speed was a very fast.
Reining in cytokinesis with a septin corral

Septins are a family of conserved GTP-binding proteins that function in cytokinesis in fungi and animals. In budding yeast, septins form scaffolds for assembly of the actomyosin contractile ring at the cleavage plane, a role that does not appear to be conserved in other organisms. The septins form an hourglass-shaped collar at the mother-bud neck, which splits into two rings flanking the division plane at cytokinesis. A recent study(1) demonstrates that these two septin rings constitute diffusion barriers that create a cytokinetic compartment to retain cortical cytokinetic factors in proximity to the cleavage plane.
Bladder cancer prevention. Part I: what do I tell my patients about lifestyle changes and dietary supplements?

Purpose of reviewComprehensive reviews of lifestyle changes and dietary supplements that may prevent bladder cancer are needed in order to facilitate discussions between clinicians and patients.Recent findingsNovel data exist that numerous lifestyle/diet and dietary supplements may lower the risk of
Hematospermia: etiological and management considerations

Hematospermia, or blood in the ejaculate, usually follows a benign self-limiting course. However, it can be a source of considerable anxiety in patients. The purpose of this article is to provide the primary care physician an algorithm for the evaluation and management of hematospermia based on frequency of occurrence and patient age. We performed an English language MEDLINE (1966 to present) search for the terms hematospermia, hemospermia, management, prostate biopsy and combinations thereof. We then constructed a management algorithm based on available evidence. Typically, patients present to their primary care physician after a single episode of hematospermia out of concern for malignancy or venereal disease. In men 40 years old or younger, it is most often due to inflammatory or infectious processes. In men over 40 years of age, however, an association exists between hematospermia and more serious underlying pathology. A significant number of cases remain idiopathic even after extensive investigation. Hematospermia is an anxiety-provoking sign that is usually due to inflammatory or infectious causes. Recurrent or symptomatic hematospermia may herald more serious underlying pathology, especially in those patients over 40 years old. A thorough evaluation is warranted to both rule out more serious pathology and to adequately address patient anxiety. With modern imaging techniques, the number of “idiopathic” cases should be much lower than historically reported.
Vapor Nucleation and Droplet Growth: Cluster Distribution Kinetics for Open and Closed Systems

A theory based on cluster distribution kinetics for single-monomer addition and dissociation is presented as a framework for homogeneous and heterogeneous vapor nucleation and growth dynamics. For continuous cluster and monomer distributions in a well-mixed non-steady-state flow system, population (mass) balance equations yield moment equations for the cluster mass moments. Nuclei are either homogeneously generated or heterogeneously seeded, and subsequent cluster growth occurs by reversible condensation of vapor monomers. The zeroth moment is the number (or moles) of clusters, the first moment is cluster mass, and the second moment gives cluster-size variance. Solutions are proposed for steady-state flow (open) and non-steady-state batch (closed) systems. Experimental data are interpreted by recognizing that droplets typically observed in nucleation experiments have grown much larger than their nuclei. This allows resolution of the large temperature-dependent discrepancy between experiment and classical nucleation theory.
Cytolytic antibodies to methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas elicited by immunization of syngeneic mice.

Abstract Cytolytic antibodies were tested in sera of C 3 H/HeHa mice grafted twice with solid syngeneic sarcoma or immunized with an MC-sarcoma converted into an ascitic form. These sera reacted with syngeneic tumor as well as with normal and malignant allogeneic cells. Absorption experiments suggested that these antisera contained two populations of antibodies. One population combined with antigen(s) shared by the MC-sarcomas of C 3 H/HeHa mice, by normal and malignant cells of C 3 H/St mice, and by normal and malignant cells of C 57 BL/ 6 mice. The other antibody population failed to react with cells of C 57 BL/ 6 mice but it reacted with C 3 H/HeHa MC-sarcoma and with normal and malignant cells of C 3 /St origin.
SINGLE ATOM IMAGE CONTRAST: CONVENTIONAL DARK FIELD AND BRIGHT FIELD ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

SUMMARY Single atom image intensities are calculated for bright-field and various dark-field modes, including the ideal beam stop, a wire beam stop, tilted illumination and a displaced aperture. Comparisons of scattering amplitudes and elastic scattering cross-sections are made with different object potentials and scattering formulations. The image contrast for one mercury atom (Z = 80) on a column of carbon atoms (Z = 6) as the substrate is also discussed for both the bright-field and the various dark-field situations. A list of abbreviations to be used in the text is shown below.
Patient Compliance in Mobile Screening Mammography

Rationale and Objectives. We assessed the follow-up behavior of women who had abnormal results of screening mammograms taken on a mobile van. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 1988 and 1991 of all women served by a mobile mammography van in rural North Carolina. Compliance with radiologist recommendations for followup was assessed through review of patient records and mail surveys of patients with incomplete records. Results. Compliance was 44% for negative or benign mammograms, 57% for indeterminate mammograms, and 62% for probably malignant or malignant mammograms. Women who had a previous mammogram or had a malignant finding were more likely to comply with follow-up recommendations (p < .0001) than women with normal or benign results and no history of mammography. Compilers and noncompliers did not differ with respect to family history of breast cancer or personal history of breast discomfort. Conclusion. Compliance with recommendations in this setting was lower than expected. This may be because rural women using mobile van mammography have limited access to the resources needed for appropriate follow-up. Further research is needed to examine explanations for poor compliance in this setting.
Effects of blame on trust in human robot interaction

Trust in automation is a crucial ingredient for successful human robot interaction. Both human related and robot related factors influence the user's trust on the robot and it is challenging to characterize each of these factors and study how they affect human trust. In this study we try to understand how blame attribution after an error impacts user trust. Three different robot personalities were implemented, each assigning blame to either of the user, the robot itself, or the human-robot team. Our study results confirm that blame attribution impacts human trust in robots.
Gene therapy for vascular diseases

Arterial injury induces the synthesis of gene products that stimulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation, leading to intimal hyperplasia. This process contributes to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including vascular proliferative diseases and atherosclerosis. Molecular approaches to the inhibition of SMC proliferation could potentially limit intimal expansion following vascular injury. During the past five years, there has been considerable interest in developing methods for the introduction and expression of recombinant genes in the vasculature. Gene transfer offers novel approaches to the study and treatment of vascular diseases. To date, gene transfer to the vasculature has been employed largely for two purposes: (1) examination of the expression and function of recombinant genes in vivo; and (2) development of potential new therapies for vascular diseases.
Spanish language proficiency among providers and Latino clients' engagement in substance abuse treatment

Abstract Quality of care, such as provision of services in Spanish, is a common factor believed to improve treatment engagement among Spanish-speaking Latinos in health care. However, there is little evidence that Spanish language proficiency among providers increases treatment access and retention in publicly funded substance abuse treatment. We analyzed client and program data collected in 2010–2011 from publicly funded treatment programs in Los Angeles County, California. An analytic sample of 1903 Latino clients nested within 40 treatment programs located in minority communities was analyzed using multilevel negative binomial regressions on days to initiate and spent in treatment. As hypothesized, Spanish language proficiency was negatively associated with client wait time and positively associated with retention in treatment, after controlling for individual and program characteristics. The path analysis models showed that Spanish language proficiency played a mediating role between professional accreditation and client wait time and retention. These preliminary findings provide an evidentiary base for the role of providers' Spanish language proficiency and Latino engagement in treatment for a population at high risk of treatment dropout. Implications related to health care reform legislation, which seeks to enhance linguistically competent care, are discussed.
STABILIZATION OF HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS USING IMPLICIT CONTROL LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS

Abstract This paper focuses on the problem of stabilization of homogeneous systems with dilations using implicit Lyapunov functions. In this paper, we define implicit homogeneous Lyapunov functions and implicit homogeneous control Lyapunov functions. Moreover, we proposed a design method of implicit homogeneous control Lyapunov functions and a controller design method based on the functions. Finally, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method by computer simulation.
Site of nutrient digestion by dairy cows fed corn of different particle sizes or steam-rolled

Five primiparous Holstein cows were cannulated in the rumen, duodenum, and ileum and were fed diets containing 50% alfalfa silage and 36.6% coarse-, medium-, or fine-ground corn (CGC, MGC, and FGC, respectively, with mean particle sizes of 4.8, 2.6, or 1.2 mm), steam-rolled corn (SRC; density of 0.53 kg/L), or a 50:50 mix of CGC and SRC (SC) to evaluate how corn processing affects site of digestibility of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Decreasing the particle size of corn quadratically affected true ruminal digestibility of NSC (49.8, 46.5, and 87.0%, respectively). Because of compensatory digestion postruminally, a smaller increase (from 91.3 to 98.0%) in total tract digestibility of NSC was noted as particle size decreased. A small but significant linear shift in NDF digestion from the rumen to the large intestine was detected as corn particle size decreased. The addition of SRC to CGC linearly increased true NSC digestibility in the rumen about 20 percentage units but had much smaller effects on total tract digestibility. Despite the large impact of corn processing on NSC digestibility in the rumen, flow of bacterial N to the rumen was not affected by treatment. Reducing the particle size of corn decreased the apparent escape of corn protein, but steam-rolling had no effect. Corn should be finely ground to maximize total tract OM digestibility or steam-processed to densities less than 0.53 kg/L for maximal starch digestibility. However, fine-grinding or steam-processing of corn may have only a modest impact on total tract OM digestibility.
The relativistic velocity composition paradox and the Thomas rotation

The relativistic velocity composition paradox of Mocanu and its resolution are presented. The paradox, which rests on the bizarre and counterintuitive non-communtativity of the relativistic velocity composition operation, when applied to noncollinear admissible velocities, led Mocanu to claim that there are “some difficulties within the framework of relativistic electrodynamics.” The paradox is resolved in this article by means of the Thomas rotation, shedding light on the role played by composite velocities in special relativity, as opposed to the role they play in Galilean relativity.
U.S. Prisons and the Myth of Islamic Terrorism

There is a great deal of concern that U.S. prisons are generating high levels of Islamic extremism. Sociologist Bert Useem argues that the evidence fails to support this fear.
Non-linear effects in the retention of an avoidance task induced by anabolic steroids

The results of the study reported in Brain Research in 1995 by Isaacson et al. [Isaacson, R.L., Varner, J.A., Baars, J.-M., de Wied, D., 1995. The effects of pregnenolone sulfate and ethylestrenol on retention of a passive avoidance task. Brain Res. 689, 79-84] have been re-examined with special emphasis placed on the distributions of latencies found in the passive avoidance task using rats. This study used two retention tests, one 24 h after training the other at 48 h after training. In the first experiment in that study a range of doses of two anabolic steroids, pregnenolone sulfate and ethylestrenol, were given s.c. just after the footshock training trial. In experiment 2 a similar range of doses of both steroids was given to the rats 1 h before the first retention test. Placing emphasis on the distributions rather than measures of central tendencies revealed that, in contrast to the vehicle treated animals, the anabolic steroid treated animals exhibited bimodal distributions of response latencies. These differences between control and hormone treated animals were observed in both experiments. The new information was interpreted in terms of non-linear dynamics including some aspects of Chaos theory.
Henderson Deep Underground Science and Engineering Lab: Unearthing the secrets of the Universe, underground

The Henderson Mine near Empire, Colorado is proposed to be the site to host a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL), which will have a rich program for forefront research in physics, biology, geosciences, and mining engineering. The mine is owned by the Climax Molybdenum Company (CMC). It is located about 50 miles west of Denver and is easily accessible via major highways. The mine is modern and has extensive infrastructure with reserve capacity well-suited to the demands of DUSEL. CMC owns all land required for DUSEL, including the tailings site. It also has all environmental and mining permits required for DUSEL excavation, core drilling, and rock disposal. The mine owners are enthusiastic supporters of this initiative. In support of the Henderson DUSEL project, the State of Colorado has pledged substantial funding for surface construction.
Lowering Inventory Systems Costs by Using Regression‐Derived Estimators of Demand Variability*

Scientific techniques for inventory management typically are applied to systems containing many items. Such techniques require an estimation of the demand variance (and mean) of each item from historical data. This research demonstrates a significant potential for improvement in system cost performance from using least-squares regression fits of a variance-to-mean functional relation instead of the standard statistical variance estimate. Even when there is a moderate degree of heterogeneity among items and when the form of the variance-to-mean relation is misspecified, substantial cost savings may be realized. The cost of statistical uncertainty may be reduced by half. The research also provides evidence that system cost is fairly insensitive to the number of items used to fit the regression. This paper provides the underlying reason why a regression-derived variance estimator yields lower cost: it is less variable than the usual individual item variance estimator.
Intensities of Linear-Molecule Vibration–Rotation Transitions with |Δk| = 2, with Applications to HCN, DCN, and HCCH☆☆☆

Abstract TheQbranch of the 2ν22–00band of the HCN molecule and an intensity asymmetry between thePandRbranches have recently been observed by Maki, Quapp, Klee, Mellau, and Albert (J. Mol. Spectrosc.185,356–369 (1997)). Such intensity effects are associated with a contribution from theM22terms of the effective dipole moment operator of Aliev and Watson. The quantum number dependence observed by Makiet al.(cited above) is in agreement with this contribution. A formula is derived for the coefficient of this term, and the value calculated from the anharmonic potential and dipole derivatives is in good agreement with the observed value for a particular choice of signs of the combination-band transition momentsR12andR32. For DCN the second derivatives of the dipole moment are not known, but a comparison with the HCN calculation suggests that the agreement is adequate in view of the relatively large uncertainty of the observed values. Similar intensity effects should occur in the (ν4+ ν5)2–00band of HCCH, for which the coefficient is calculated to be similar in magnitude to that of the 2ν22–00band of HCN. The intensity of the Σ−–Σ+component of (ν4+ ν5)–0 of HCCH, which should consist of only aQbranch, is also discussed; from present knowledge of the molecular parameters, it is expected to be much weaker than theQbranch of the Δ–Σ+component.
Residual maize fertilizer nitrogen availability to wheat on the southeastern Coastal Plain.

In southeastern Coastal Plain soils, little emphasis is placed on adjusting N fertilization of a crop based on the residual N left from the preceding crop because of the perception of coarse-textured surface soils, winter rainfall in excess of evapotranspiration, and shallow-rooted crops. However, estimates of annual water surplus do not include a winter crop, which may reduce NO 3 -N leaching, nor consider current tillage practices, which enable deep rooting, and assimilation of subsoil NO 3 -N. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of N applied to a maize (Zea mays L.) crop to the N supply of a subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Wheat was grown following maize fertilized with various rates of N and poultry litter on a Rains/Lynchburg sandy loam soil complex (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic/Aeric Paleaquult) in 1990 and on a Noboco loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) in 1991. Maize fertilizer N increased soil NO 3 -N at the time of wheat planting. Residual N increased wheat dry matter, N content, and grain yield. An increase in maize N rate of 134 kg N ha −1 increased N supply to the subsequent wheat crop by approximately 15 kg ha −1 and increased wheat grain yield by 0.8 Mg ha −1 . Poultry litter did not differ from fertilizer N in providing residual N to the wheat. This research demonstrates that previous crop fertilization rate may impact N supply to the subsequent crop, even on coarse-textured Coastal Plain soils
Residency research requirement as a predictor of future publication productivity.

T he Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that pediatric residency programs encourage and provide residents with an opportunity to participate in research and other scholarly activities. However, research projects are often difficult to incorporate into residency training because of several barriers, including funding, faculty mentors, and the lack of protected time. Despite these barriers, a number of pediatric residency programs have introduced a residency research requirement. In 1999, we initiated a research requirement in the primary care pediatric residency track at our institution. Earlier studies revealed that trainees who performed research were considered more competitive as candidates for future training. However, it is unknown whether having a residency research requirement is related to a greater number of future publications. The goal of this report is to share our experience with a residency research requirement and to encourage other departments and programs to consider the effectiveness of such an approach.
The common content of a sphere and a regular tetrahedron having a common centre

The method of sections is used to determine the common content of a sphere and a regular tetrahedron. The dimensions of the regular tetrahedron are held fixed and the sphere of common centre is allowed to have an increasing radius. As the sphere extends it will first intersect the faces of the regular tetrahedron, then its edges and will eventually circumscribe the regular tetrahedron. Common contents for all the cases mentioned will be determined. The need for the results given in this note arises when one attempts to find, through a geometric approach to the distribution of the sample standard deviation for a sample of size 4, when the population sampled is either uniform or exponential.
Double-chambered right ventricle presenting in adulthood

Abstract Background . Double-chambered right ventricle is a form of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction that develops over time, often in patients with an abnormally short distance between the moderator band and pulmonary valve. This lesion typically presents in childhood or adolescence and is often accompanied by a ventricular septal defect. Only a handful of previous cases have been described in which double-chambered right ventricle occurred in adulthood. Methods . Since 1992, three patients more than 30 years old (38, 43, and 66 years of age) have presented at our institution with unusual symptoms or a previous incorrect diagnosis. We reviewed the clinical data in these patients. Results . Presenting symptoms included syncope, angina, and severe dyspnea resembling pulmonary hypertension. In 1 patient, disease was categorized as New York Heart Association class IV, and in the other 2 as class III. Coexisting anomalies included a patent foramen ovale or secundum atrial septal defect in 2 patients, a small ventricular septal defect in 1 (with a probable history of ventricular septal defect in another), and mild aortic regurgitation in 1. All patients required urgent or emergent operations, with peak pressures in the proximal right ventricular chamber of 135 to 180 mm Hg and severely depressed left ventricular function in 1 patient. Resection of the anomalous right venticular muscle bundles was achieved through a right atrial approach in all patients. All patients were alive with improved functional status at follow-up, which was between 15 and 40 months. Conclusions . Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction resulting from a double-chambered right ventricle is rare in adults, but when it does occur it can present with unusual symptoms. When evaluating the patient with signs or symptoms of primary right heart failure, cardiologists should make an effort to image the entire right heart complex. Subcostal echocardiography can facilitate adequate visualization of the right ventricle when it is difficult to distinguish the subpulmonary outflow tract from the parasternal and apical windows.
`Opposition Machen Wir!' Youth and the Contestation of Civic and Political Legitimacy in Germany

Today's young Germans are largely seen as either `troublemakers' or apolitical hedonists. These designations are played off each other, sometimes by young people themselves, contributing to a tension between youth subcultures and the civil society around them. In this context, the category of youth seems easy for civic authorities to manipulate, but young people have maintained ways to undermine that control and hold onto their efficacy. This article explores these themes within the context of a Nurnberg youth/community center, discussing its history and relation to the more visible world of `techno' culture.
The compressible vortex pair

A numerical solution for the flow field associated with a compressible pair of counter-rotating vortices is developed. The compressible, two-dimensional potential equation is solved utilizing the numerical method of Osher et al. (1985) for flow regions in which a non-zero density exists. Close to the vortex centers, vacuum 'cores' develop owing to the existence of a maximum achievable flow speed in a compressible flow field. A special treatment is required to represent these vacuum cores. Typical streamline patterns and core boundaries are obtained for upstream Mach numbers as high as 0.3, and the formation of weak shocks, predicted by Moore and Pullin (1987), is observed.
Long-range order parameter in field model of solidification

The physical origin of the long-range order parameter in the computer simulation models of solidification is discussed. It is shown that the simplest kinetic model of the solidification is described by a multicomponent order parameter, the role of the component being played by structural amplitudes related to the star of the shortest reciprocal-lattice vectors of the crystalline phase. A general coarse-grain-free energy of the inhomogeneous state is formulated in terms of the Landau expansion with respect to the invariants of the components of the long-range order parameter. The kinetic equations for the multicomponent long-range order parameter in the solidification process are formulated. The way in which the nonlinear character of the kinetic coefficients can affect the growth kinetics is discussed. The physical conditions under which the existing single-component long-range order parameter field models could be applicable are demonstrated.
Core protein-coding sequence, but not core protein, modulates the efficiency of cap-independent translation directed by the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus

Among a myriad of putative functions assigned to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein, several studies suggest that it may modulate internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated initiation of translation. We compared the translational activity of dicistronic reporter transcripts containing the HCV IRES within the intercistronic space fused to downstream sequence encoding either 22 amino acids (aa) or 173 aa of the core protein. The inclusion of the nearly full-length core protein-coding sequence significantly suppressed translation in vitro and in transfected HepG2 cells. However, this suppression was not eliminated by frameshift mutations introduced into the core sequence, suggesting that it occurred at the RNA level and not as a result of core protein expression in cis. Similarly, the expression of core protein (aa 1 to 191) in trans from a recombinant baculovirus did not suppress IRES-directed translation from any of these transcripts in transfected Huh-7 cells. While core protein expression did decrease IRES activity in HepG2 cells (up to 79% suppression), the expression of beta-galactosidase from a control baculovirus also suppressed IRES activity (up to 56%), strongly suggesting that this suppression was nonspecific. Finally, the addition of purified recombinant core protein (aa 1 to 179) to in vitro translation reactions at concentrations up to a 10-fold molar excess over the RNA transcripts resulted in no significant reduction in IRES activity. Consistent with these results, a gel retention assay indicated no difference in the affinities of the recombinant HCV core protein and a recombinant Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein for HCV IRES-containing RNA transcripts. We conclude that while the inclusion of core protein-coding sequence downstream of the IRES may reduce the efficiency of cap-independent translation on HCV RNA, the core protein itself has no biologically relevant activity in modulating HCV IRES activity.
Improved early detection of recurrence in prostatic carcinoma following hormonal therapy. Combined use of palpation and fine needle aspiration cytology.

Abstract Fifty-nine hormonally treated prostatic carcinoma patients were prospectively followedby rectal examination and fine needle aspiration cytology at six-month intervals for periods ranging from six to one hundred twenty months (median follow-up 48 mos). The cytologic findings and clinical impressions were divided into four or five categories, respectively, ranging from benign to clearly malignant. Cytologic material and clinical descriptions suitable for evaluation were available for 306 follow-up examinations. Of these, 209 were cytologically benign (including 191 without and 18 with clinical evidence of malignancy). The remaining 97 examinations showed cytologic evidence of malignancy of which 50 were clinically apparent (51.5%). While the correlation of clinical and cytologic findings was good (91.4%) in cases with no evidence of disease activity, our findings indicate that many recurrences which are occult to clinical examination may be detected by cytologic examination.
Psychosocial and Behavioral Predictors of Partner Notification After HIV and STI Exposure and Infection Among MSM

Partner notification (PN) is an essential element of local and state-level HIV/STI prevention and control programs. The current study quantitatively assessed the psychosocial and behavioral predictors of PN use among men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 189) using multivariable logistic regression procedures. STI history or being HIV-infected were significant predictors of having notified past sexual partners of HIV/STI exposure; engaging in unprotected insertive anal sex and using poppers during sex in the 12 months prior to enrollment resulted in greater odds of PN. Symptoms of social anxiety and having a drinking problem were significant predictors of future willingness to use state department of public health PN services. Efforts to increase PN acceptability should focus on HIV-uninfected MSM, particularly those with STI history. Results suggest how to increase acceptability and use of PN as a public health strategy and underscore the need for counseling as part of the notification process.
Storage Stability of Saponified Starch‐g‐Polyacrylonitrile and Related Absorbents

Use of methanol as a precipitant to isolate saponified starch-g-polyacrylonitrile from an aqueous alkaline saponification mixture gives a product with a higher water absorbency and better storage stability than that from precipitation with either ethanol, acetone, or isopropanol. Storage stability of the material is strongly dependent on moisture content of the polymer and is enhanced if excess alkali is neutralized before the product is isolated. Absorbent polymers prepared from flour suffer a greater absorbency loss on storage than starch-based polymers. Storage stabilities of drum dried-, freeze dried-, and tray dried products are also examined. Lagerungsstabilitat von verseiftem Starke-g-Polyacrylnitril und verwandten Absorptionsmitteln. Die Verwendung von Methanol als Fallungsmittel zur Isolierung von verseiftem Starke-g-Polyacrylnitril (Pfropfcopolymerisat aus Starke und Polyacrylnitril) aus einer wasrigen alkalischen Verseifungsmischung ergibt ein Produkt mit hoherer Absorptionskapazitat fur Wasser und besserer Lagerungsstabilitat als Produkte, die mit Ethanol, Aceton oder Isopropanol gefallt wurden. Die Lagerungsstabilitat ist streng abhangig vom Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Polymers und nimmt zu, wenn uberschussiges Alkali vor der Isolierung des Produktes neutralisiert wird. Aus Mehl hergestellte Absorptionspolymere zeigen bei der Lagerung grosere Verminderungen der Absorptionsfahigkeit als Starkepolymere. Die Lagerungsstabilitaten von trommel-, gefrier- und tellergetrockneten Produkten wurden ebenfalls gepruft.
Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: A review of preclinical studies

Since ancient times, natural products have been used as remedies to treat human diseases. Lupeol, a phytosterol and triterpene, is widely found in edible fruits, and vegetables. Extensive research over the last three decades has revealed several important pharmacological activities of lupeol. Various in vitro and preclinical animal studies suggest that lupeol has a potential to act as an anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-protozoal, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, anti-angiogenic and cholesterol lowering agent. Employing various in vitro and in vivo models, lupeol has also been tested for its therapeutic efficiency against conditions including wound healing, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and arthritis. Lupeol has been found to be pharmacologically effective in treating various diseases under preclinical settings (in animal models) irrespective of varying routes of administration viz; topical, oral, intra-peritoneal and intravenous. It is noteworthy that lupeol has been reported to selectively target diseased and unhealthy human cells, while sparing normal and healthy cells. Published studies provide evidence that lupeol modulates the expression or activity of several molecules such as cytokines IL-2, IL4, IL5, ILβ, proteases, α-glucosidase, cFLIP, Bcl-2 and NFκB. This minireview discusses in detail the preclinical studies conducted with lupeol and provides an insight into its mechanisms of action.
Evolution in Practice.

The conditions that prevailed in the practice of administration in 1959 are reconstructed. A number of significant influences that developed during the period 1959-1981 are identified and discussed in detail, and the impact of these influences on schools as well as upon those who are charged with administering schools is assessed. The thesis is advanced that the assumptions on which administrative practice was based in 1959 have been totally reshaped by the events of the intervening years, and as a result, roles of educational leaders today have been redefined in ways that require incumbents to be far more political and advocative in their behavior, while functioning in an atmosphere of greater stress and conflict.
The Windows Remain Broken: How Zero Tolerance Destroyed Due Process

Zero tolerance policies have influenced politicians and local school boards to such a degree that the policies have become commonplace. Many citizens believe that these policies are effective and c...