cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging

We evaluated polyvinyl toluene (PVT) scintillators fabricated with different emitting dopants and scintillator optical configurations for fast neutron imaging. A neutron imaging apparatus was constructed to study scintillators under MeV neutron exposure. PVT with 2% Xylyl Flrpic emitter was identified as the brightest. The addition of a black backing to the scintillator, compared with a specular reflector film backing, improved the resolution of the neutron image obtained with the PVT scintillator by about 2 ×. It is concluded that a PVT imaging screen with 2% Xylyl Flrpic, configured with a black backing, provides the best quality fast neutron image of the scintillators tested.
A multi-histology basket trial of ado-trastuzumab emtansine in patients with HER2 amplified cancers.

2502Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) amplification occurs in 2-5% of non-breast non-gastric cancers. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is a HER2 targeted antibody drug con...
Design and Development of a ROS Enabled CAN Based All-Terrain Vehicle Platform

The widespread use and adoption of the Robot Operating System (ROS) has led to the rapid acceleration of robotic technology and algorithm development as it relates to robotics. The modularity and scalability of ROS enables researches to focus on the specific method rather than getting tangled up in the low level abstraction of coding a motor to run. With this in mind, the authors have taken an existing Controller Area Network (CAN) based, Radio Frequency (RF) controlled All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) and converted the various existing system to a ROS based platform that can easily add or subtract sensors as need be. To aid in the rapid deployment of this concept, National Instrument (NI) hardware and their companion LabVIEW software (with the ROS for LabVIEW toolkit) was utilized. Between ROS and LabVIEW the ATV was upgraded to be ROS enabled and still work with the existing CAN based systems. The process of this conversion is detailed in this paper.
Fusiform vertebral artery aneurysms involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin associated with the sole angiographic anterior spinal artery origin: technical case report and treatment paradigm proposal

Fusiform aneurysms of the vertebral artery (VA) involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin are uncommon and challenging. The anterior spinal artery (ASA) commonly originates from a unilateral ramus just distal to the PICA. Occlusion of an unpaired ASA can result in bilateral medial medullary syndrome. The authors propose a treatment paradigm for ASA preservation based on the artery's proximity to fusiform VA aneurysms, and they present 3 representative cases. In the first case, they performed a V3-PICA bypass using an interposition graft and then performed endovascular coil embolization of the parent VA. A complete occlusion of the aneurysm and VA was complicated by ASA thrombosis. The subsequent cases were treated with PICA-PICA bypass and subsequent endovascular embolization of the VA. Filling of the sole angiographic ASA remote from the aneurysm was preserved in both cases. The anatomy of the ASA is the most critical determinant of treatment recommendations for fusiform VA aneurysms involving PICA. When the ASA originates from the aneurysm, proximal occlusion with or without a PICA bypass is suggested. In cases in which the ASA is removed from the aneurysm, the authors recommend revascularization followed by endovascular sacrifice. When the aneurysm is immediately adjacent to the ASA, revascularization and open trapping should be considered.
Learning to Teach, Again, in China

Teaching English abroad provides an opportunity to travel the world however, it can also be challenging endeavor. Having limited exposure to and understanding of the culture adds to the intensity of the challenge and the inability to navigate daily living in a new environment can be a painful disorienting experience that often results in culture shock. Young Yun Kim’s theory outlines a developmental model that presents the trials of cross-cultural adaptation as a dynamic and transformative process through which “intercultural personhood” can be developed. Kim argues that the stress of acculturation and deculturation is an opportunity for growth that is manifested in cycles of “stress-adaptation-growth”. This account of a three-year experience living and teaching at a public high school in China applies Kim’s model to demonstrate how the difficulties of cross-cultural experiences can be the catalyst for transformation and development of intercultural identity. Developing an understanding of the cultural context through awareness and reflection facilitates the ability to teach students from other cultures. Educators in Georgia, particularly ESL teachers, are likewise challenged by cultural differences with their students and can further develop their intercultural skills in regardless of location.
Support for vector control strategies in the United States during the Zika outbreak in 2016: The role of risk perception, knowledge, and confidence in government

Limiting the spread and impact of Zika was a major global priority in 2016, which required a variety of vector control measures. The success of vector control campaigns is varied and often dependent on public or political will. This paper examines the change over time in the United States population's support for vector control and the factors that predicted support for three vector control strategies (i.e., indoor spraying, outdoor spraying, and use of larvacide tablets) during the 2016 Zika outbreak in the United States. Data is from a nationally representative random digit dial sample conducted at three time points in 2016. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used, treating data as a pooled cross-sectional sample. Results show public support for vector control strategies depends on both perceived risk for disease and knowledge of disease characteristics, as well is confidence in government to prevent the threat. Support varied based on vector control method: indoor spraying, aerial spraying, and use of larvacide tables. Results can aide public health officials in implementing effective vector control campaigns depending on the vector control strategy of choice. Results have implications for ways to design effective prevention campaigns in future emerging infectious disease threats.
Exploring how adolescents with ADHD use and interact with technology.

Abstract Introduction The ubiquity of technology is reshaping the way teens express themselves and interact with peers. Considering that teens with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience a range of social impairments and that risk behaviors have the potential to be more widespread and damaging online, understanding how teens with ADHD use the Internet is important. Methods The current study included 58 teens (72.4% boys; 13–16 years old) from the United States of America with ADHD. Study aims were to examine these teens' Internet use frequency, preferred online activities, Facebook interactions, and online risk behaviors (i.e., cyberbullying and sexting). Associations between online behaviors and offline symptoms and behaviors were explored to identify potential risk and protective factors. Results Findings suggested that teens with ADHD use technology in similar ways as do the general population of teens described in previous research but appeared at unique risk of cyberbullying behaviors. Offline risks were associated with online risk behaviors. Using Facebook was associated with online risks (e.g., weak online connections) and offline risks (e.g., poorer social skills and more internalizing symptoms). Conclusions Online social platforms permit the exploration of social behaviors via naturalistic observation. It is imperative researchers gain understanding of the increasingly prevalent online social worlds of teens. Such an understanding may enable researchers to formulate effective social interventions for teens with ADHD.
The UCSC Genome Browser database: update 2010

The University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser website (http://genome.ucsc.edu/) provides a large database of publicly available sequence and annotation data along with an integrated tool set for examining and comparing the genomes of organisms, aligning sequence to genomes, and displaying and sharing users' own annotation data. As of September 2009, genomic sequence and a basic set of annotation 'tracks' are provided for 47 organisms, including 14 mammals, 10 non-mammal vertebrates, 3 invertebrate deuterostomes, 13 insects, 6 worms and a yeast. New data highlights this year include an updated human genome browser, a 44-species multiple sequence alignment track, improved variation and phenotype tracks and 16 new genome-wide ENCODE tracks. New features include drag-and-zoom navigation, a Wiki track for user-added annotations, new custom track formats for large datasets (bigBed and bigWig), a new multiple alignment output tool, links to variation and protein structure tools, in silico PCR utility enhancements, and improved track configuration tools.
Efficacy of oral appliance therapy in patients following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty failure.

Objective Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is the most common surgical procedure performed to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This surgery, when performed alone, benefits only a minority of patients. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of oral appliance (OA) therapy following unsuccessful UPPP and assess for specific patient and polysomnographic characteristics that may identify those patients most likely to benefit from this combined treatment strategy. Study Design Retrospective of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing UPPP followed by treatment with an OA. Methods Polysomnographic results (baseline, status post-UPPP, and status post-UPPP with oral appliance use), age, gender, race, and body mass index were subjected to statistical analysis. Results The mean apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 23.6 at baseline to 8.6 following UPPP and oral appliance therapy. The mean O2 nadir increased from 83% at baseline to 89.9% following UPPP and treatment with an oral appliance. Fifty percent of patients (9/18) achieved an AHI <5 and were deemed "cured" of their disease. Seventy-three percent of patients (13/18) achieved benefit with an AHI <20 and ≥50% reduction in their baseline AHI, deemed "successful therapy." No statistically relevant demographic or polysomnographic differences were found between those who were "cured" and those with persistent disease with the exception that the O2 nadir status post UPPP was found to be lower in the "cured" group. Conclusion Oral appliance therapy is an effective treatment option for the majority of patients who have persistent obstructive sleep apnea following unsuccessful UPPP. Level of Evidence 4.
Performance Prediction for Data Transfers in LCLS Workflow

In this work, we study the use of decision tree-based models to predict the transfer rates in different parts of the data pipeline that sends experiment data from Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) to National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). The system monitoring the data pipeline collects a number of characteristics such as the file size, source file system, start time and so on, all of which are known at the start of the file transfer. However, these static variables do not capture the dynamic information such as current state of the networking system. In this work, we explore a number of different ways to capture the state of the network and other dynamic information. We find that in addition to using static features, using these dynamic features can improve the transfer performance predictions by up to 10-15%. We additionally study a couple of different well-known decision-tree based models and find that Gradient-Tree Boosting algorithm performs better overall.
Patient Selection for Destination LVAD Therapy: Predicting Success in the Short and Long Term.

In this review, we discuss risk assessment of advanced heart failure (HF) patients as a referral guide for advanced HF therapies, including left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support and cardiac transplant. The frequency of LVAD implantation for the purpose of permanent “destination” therapy is growing and survival on LVAD support is now approximating 50% at 5 years. Ambulatory HF patients with HF functional limitations, end-organ dysfunction, inability to tolerate HF medications, frequent cardiac admissions, and ventricular dysrhythmias are at high risk for mortality with medical management alone. Simultaneously, LVAD survival is superior in patients implanted prior to the onset of cardiogenic shock and/or multisystem dysfunction. Early referral (< 7% annual predicted mortality) of patients with systolic heart failure to an advanced heart failure specialist is critical for achieving long-term survival.
Bipolar depression and suicidal ideation: Moderators and mediators of a complex relationship.

Abstract Introduction Not all patients with bipolar depression have suicidal ideation (SI). This study examines some factors that link bipolar depression to SI. Methods 482 individuals with bipolar I or II were randomized to either lithium or quetiapine plus adjunctive personalized therapy in a 24 week comparative effectiveness trial. Severity of depression and SI were assessed with the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS). We examined potential moderators (age, gender, age of illness onset, bipolar type, comorbid anxiety, substance use, past suicide attempts, childhood abuse and treatment arm) and mediators (severity of anxiety, mania, irritability, impairment in functioning (LIFE-RIFT) and satisfaction and enjoyment of life (Q-LES-Q)) of the effect of depression on SI. Statistical analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations with repeated measures. Results Bipolar type and past suicide attempts moderated the effect of depression on SI. Life satisfaction mediated the effect of depression and SI. The relationship between anxiety, depression and SI was complex due to the high level of correlation. Treatment with lithium or quetiapine did not moderate the effect of depression on SI. Limitations Suicide assessment was only done using an item on BISS. Patient population was not specifically chosen for high suicide risk. Discussion Individuals with Bipolar II experienced more SI with lower levels of depression severity. A history of suicide predisposed patients to higher levels of SI given the same severity of depression. Reduced life satisfaction mediates the effect of depression on SI and may be a target for therapeutic interventions.
One-way coupled simulation of FIV in a 7-pin wire-wrapped fuel pin bundle

Abstract A common fuel geometry found in sodium cooled reactor designs is the hexagonal lattice of wire-wrapped fuel pins. The wire-wrappers, which replace the more common spacer grids, act as a spacer between the fuel pins, while simultaneously increasing the fluid mixing between subchannels. The induced transverse flow, while good for mixing, increases the force load experienced by the fuel pins, increasing the possibility of problematic flow induced vibrations. The primary source of vibrations is turbulent buffeting, so very small in amplitude, but capable of rupturing the fuel cladding by fretting. The vast majority of research on fretting has been for bare rods with spacer grids. There are several significant ways that wire-wrapped fuel pins differ from bare rods that may have significant impact on the vibrations present. The increased transverse flow and asymmetrical flow pattern may result in larger and imbalanced force loads on the pins. The helical bracing of each pin may result in unique vibration patterns, and gaps may form between pins affecting how they are braced. Simulation allows for the observation of the forces present, how the flow field affects these forces, and how the structure responds and can be repeated for multiple cases for relatively low cost. In the present study, simulation of the flow induced vibrations for a 7-pin wire-wrapped fuel pin bundle is carried out by coupling Nek5000, a spectral element LES/DNS solver with DIABLO, a finite element CSM solver. The small amplitude vibrations allow for the assumption that the structure motion has negligible effect on the fluid flow, permitting the much less computationally expensive one-direction coupling. In order to gather significant force history data for the 2.63 helical pitch structure, a scheme was developed to artificially create force history from the power spectrum density of the one-pitch CFD simulation forces. The vibrations could then be simulated in the structure multiple times varying the contact and gaps between various pins. This allows for the search of worst-case scenarios and informs about the types of fretting that might be present. The simulation geometry is based on an experiment for comparison. However, the viscosity of the simulation was increased by a factor of four to make the simulation computationally feasible. While validation is not possible, comparisons are still valuable.
Human-centered computer security

Research in computer security has produce and array of tools that are essential to safe computing, including access control, firewalls and anti-virus systems. However attackers still gain access to protected networks regularly, partly because researchers have ignored the people who fill the networks and operate those tools. We are not always rational, may have a poor mental model of security and tend to see the tools as onerous, hindering us in our work, difficult to understand and oblivious to how our organization functions. What can be done about this? Fieldwork can help us gain a better understanding of how people interact with security systems, somtimes defeating tools intended to protect them. Our experimental user interface learns the user's mental model of security and uses the knowledge to communicate risk and choices more effectively. Cognitive architectures can model human decisions about security, to better imulate the impact of security systems in a testbed like DETER. I will describe some existing undergraduate and grad courses in human-centered security. The topic provides a great context for integrating different areas of computer science, including computer security, user interfaces, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
Fashioning Romanticism: the Petit Cénacle and the art of dress

On the 25th of February, 1830, the Comedie Francaise was packed, the house humming with tension and excitement. In attendance was the theater's usual audience, elegantly dressed women and the men i...
Elucidating the nano-mechanical behavior of multi-component binders for ultra-high performance concrete

Abstract The nanomechanical signature of highly heterogeneous ultra-high performance (UHP) cement pastes are explored in this paper. The UHP pastes are proportioned using 30% or 50% (by mass) of commonly available cement replacement materials including fly ash, microsilica, and fine limestone. Nanoindentation experiments coupled with a Bayesian information criterion-based statistical approach is used to develop modulus-hardness (M−H) clusters for the UHP pastes. While typical low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) C-S-H phases are present in early-age UHP pastes, it is shown that an ultra-high stiffness (UHS) phase, which is a composite of HD C-S-H and nanoscale CH, is predominant at later ages. Nanoindentation data points to the presence of significantly higher proportions of mixed phases in the UHP pastes, comprising of cement hydrates/pozzolanic reaction products and unreacted phases including fine limestone and microsilica acting as micro-aggregates to enhance the stiffness of the paste. The presence of such mixed phases complicates upscaling of the elastic modulus using multi-scale homogenization models, which is to be carefully accounted for in such highly heterogeneous systems.
Accurate Linear I-V Extraction of Ideality, Series and Shunt Resistances

Linear regression extraction of photovoltaic performance parameters offers fast and repeatable evaluation of the illuminated current-voltage (I-V ) curve versus diode model fitting. However linear fitting gives systematically inaccurate series (R s ) and shunt resistance (R sh ) values and does not compute the ideality factor (n). Here we demonstrate models for predicting n and R s with improved accuracy over basic regression-extracted I-V features. Features are extracted with linear regression for a dataset of over 1 million I-V curves randomly generated with the single-diode model to simulate the operation of silicon PV modules and cells with a wide variety of sizes, performances, degradation states, and operational conditions. The I-V feature values estimated with linear regression were then used to construct generalized multivariate linear models for the actual single-diode values of n and R s , based on our training set of over 800,000 I-V curves. We demonstrate generalized prediction of n and R s with average absolute errors of 13.68% and 17.85%, respectively on our testing set of over 200,000 I-V curves, using only linear regression-extracted I-V parameters. Accuracy of R s values predicted with this method is highly improved, while prediction of n has not been previously performed with this method.
Special Issue: Radiation Damage in Materials-Helium Effects.

Despite its scarcity in terrestrial life, helium effects on microstructure evolution and thermo-mechanical properties can have a significant impact on the operation and lifetime of applications, including: advanced structural steels in fast fission reactors, plasma facing and structural materials in fusion devices, spallation neutron target designs, energetic alpha emissions in actinides, helium precipitation in tritium-containing materials, and nuclear waste materials. The small size of a helium atom combined with its near insolubility in almost every solid makes the helium–solid interaction extremely complex over multiple length and time scales. This Special Issue, “Radiation Damage in Materials—Helium Effects”, contains review articles and full-length papers on new irradiation material research activities and novel material ideas using experimental and/or modeling approaches. These studies elucidate the interactions of helium with various extreme environments and tailored nanostructures, as well as their impact on microstructural evolution and material properties.
Reconfigurable Integrated Optofluidic Droplet Laser Arrays

Optofluidic lasers are an emerging technology for the development of miniaturized light sources and biological and chemical sensors. However, most optofluidic lasers demonstrated to date are operated at the single optical cavity level, which limits their applications in high-throughput biochemical sensing, high-speed wavelength switching, and on-chip spectroscopic analysis. Here, we demonstrated an optofluidic droplet laser array on a silicon chip with integrated microfluidics, in which four individual droplet optical cavities are generated and controlled by a 2 × 2 nozzle array. Arrays of droplets with a diameter ranging from 115 to 475 μm can be generated, removed, and regenerated on demand. The lasing threshold of the droplet laser array is in the range of 0.63-2.02 μJ/mm2. An image-based lasing threshold analysis method is developed, which enables simultaneous lasing threshold measurement for all laser units within the laser array using a low-cost camera. Compared to the conventional spectrum-based threshold analysis method, the lasing threshold obtained from the image-based method showed consistent results. Our droplet laser array is a promising technology in the development of cost-effective and integrated coherent light source on a chip for point-of-care applications.
The Effect of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder among Nicotine Addict Youth

The present study investigates the effect of REBT on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder among nicotine addict youth. Hypothesis: Obsessive Compulsive symptoms would be low after REBT session in nicotine addict youth. Sample: For the present study a sample consisting 30 individuals subjects those are working Nicotine addict youth form two years, at Mumbai. Pre-test – post-test research design is used for present research. Tools: Yale Brown Obsessive- Compulsive Scale: Study found that the Nicotine addict youth have Obsessive compulsive symptoms and get positive effect on work after REBT Therapy.
Outcomes of colostomy takedown following Hartmann's procedure: successful restoration of continuity comes with a high risk of morbidity.

AIM Restoration of bowel continuity following a Hartmann's procedure is a major surgical undertaking associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to review the authors' experience with Hartmann's reversal. METHOD This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients from institutional databases who were selected to undergo open or laparoscopic Hartmann's reversal at two tertiary academic referral centres and a public safety net hospital (2010-2019). The main outcome measure was the rate of successful stoma reversal. Secondary outcomes included 30-day postoperative outcomes and procedural details. RESULTS One hundred and fifty patients underwent attempted reversal during the study period, which was successful in all but three patients (98%). Patients were 59% Hispanic and 73% male, with a mean age of 48.7 ± 14.1 years, mean American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of 2.2 ± 0.6 and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.6 ± 5.3 kg/m2 , with 39% of patients having a BMI > 30 kg/m2 . The mean time interval between the index procedure and reversal was 14.4 months, 53% of the index cases were performed at outside institutions and the most common index diagnoses were diverticulitis (54%), abdominal trauma (16%) and colorectal malignancy (15%). In 22% of cases a laparoscopic approach was used, with 42% of these requiring conversion to open. Proximal diverting stomas were created in 32 patients (21%), of which 94% were reversed. The overall morbidity rate was 54%, comprising ileus (32%), wound infection (15%) and anastomotic leak (6%), with a major morbidity rate (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) of 23%. CONCLUSION Hartmann's reversal remains a highly morbid procedure. Our results suggest that operative candidates can be successfully reversed, but there is significant morbidity associated with restoration of intestinal continuity, particularly in obese patients. A laparoscopic approach may decrease morbidity in selected patients but such cases have a high conversion rate.
Perspectives on PARP inhibitors as pharmacotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer.

Introduction Approximately 10% of all breast cancer cases occur in individuals who have germline pathogenic variants of the BRCA 1, BRCA 2, and other genes associated with impaired DNA damage repai...
Oncologic outcomes of transoral robotic surgery for HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinomas.

Background Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continue to experience disappointing outcomes following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and appreciable morbidity following historical surgical approaches. We aimed to investigate the oncologic outcomes and perioperative morbidity of a transoral robotic surgery (TORS) approach to surgically resectable HPV-negative OPSCC. Methods Retrospective analysis HPV-negative OPSCC patients who underwent TORS, neck dissection and pathology-guided adjuvant therapy (2005-2017). Results Fifty-six patients (91.1% stage III/IV) were included. Three-year overall survival, locoregional control, and disease-free survival were 85.5%, 84.4%, and 73.6%, respectively (median follow-up 30.6 months, interquartile range 18.4-66.6). Eighteen (32.1%) patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and 20 (39.3%) underwent adjuvant CRT. Perioperative mortality occurred in one (1.8%) patient and hemorrhage occurred in two (3.6%) patients. Long-term gastrostomy and tracheostomy rates were 5.4% and 0.0%, respectively. Conclusion The TORS approach for resectable HPV-negative OPSCC can achieve encouraging oncologic outcomes with infrequent morbidity.
Detection of Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii in Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sanger Sequencing on Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues.

Context.— Associations between granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) and Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii have been reported since 2002, but large scale studies to assess the actual prevalence of this bacterium in GLM have not been performed. Objective.— To assess the prevalence of C kroppenstedtii in GLM using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Design.— We analyzed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 67 cases of GLM by sequential DNA amplification and sequencing to assess the rate of C kroppenstedtii detection in GLM. A retrospective analysis including patient demographics, history of pregnancy and lactation, clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic findings, histologic pattern, Gram stain results, and microbial cultures was performed on 67 cases of GLM. In addition, 10 cases of nongranulomatous breast abscess were included as controls. Results.— C kroppenstedtii 16S rRNA SYBR real-time polymerase chain reaction was positive on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 46 of 67 (68.7%) GLM cases, while all control cases were negative. Among the positive cases, the majority showed features of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis. Conclusions.— C kroppenstedtii was highly prevalent in GLM cases and was not found to be associated with nongranulomatous breast abscess in our study (P
Three decades' analysis of pediatric liver transplantation outcomes reveals limited long-term improvements.

Background The aim of this study was to assess improvements in long-term survival of pediatric patients after liver transplantation by analyzing outcomes in transplant recipients who survived beyond 1 year after transplantation. There has been a marked increase in the 1-year survival of pediatric patients, from 78% in transplant recipients between 1987 and 1990 to 95% in transplant recipients between 2011 and 2017. The long-term outcomes have not seen a similar trend, creating a disparity that warrants analysis. Methods We analyzed 13 753 pediatric patients who survived for 1 year after receiving orthotopic liver transplantation between 1987 and 2017. The study period was divided into six eras. Outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method for time-to-event analysis, and multivariable Cox regression. Results There were no significant gains in long-term outcomes among 1-year survivors over the past three decades. Log-rank tests for equality of survivor functions between each era and 1987-1990 were not statistically significant. Cause of death analysis revealed that although infections caused 20.6% of deaths in patients transplanted between 1987 and 1990, this number dropped to 5.6% in those transplanted between 2011 and 2017 (p = .01). Malignancy caused 10.6% of deaths in 1987-1990 but caused 22.2% of the deaths in 2011-2017 (p = .04). Conclusion Despite the gratifying gains in short-term survival of pediatric patients, 1-year survivors have no significant improvements in long-term survival after undergoing a liver transplantation. Long-term sequelae of immunosuppression, such as malignancy and infection, continue to be the most common causes of death. This study highlights the necessity for better long-term management of immunosuppression.
Defining remission: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus

New advances in the understanding of schizophrenia etiology, course, and treatment have increased interest on the part of patients, families, advocates, and professionals in the development of consensus-defined standards for clinical status and improvement, including illness remission and recovery. As demonstrated in the area of mood disorders, such standards provide greater clarity around treatment goals, as well as an improved framework for the design and comparison of investigational trials and the subsequent evaluation of interventional effectiveness. Unlike mood disorders, however, the novel application of the concept of standard outcome criteria to schizophrenia must reflect the wide heterogeneity of chronic psychotic illness course and outcome, as well as the variable effects of different treatments on schizophrenia symptomatology. As an initial step in developing operational criteria, an expert Working Group reviewed available definitions and assessment instruments to provide a conceptual framework for symptomatic, functional and cognitive domains in schizophrenia as they relate to remission of illness. The first consensus-based operational criteria for symptomatic remission in schizophrenia is based on distinct thresholds for reaching and maintaining improvement, as opposed to change criteria, allowing for alignment with traditional concepts of remission in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric illness. This innovative approach for standardizing the definition for outcome in schizophrenia also calls for further examination of its validity and utility, as well as the potential for future refinement, particularly in relation to the growing characterization of cognitive dysfunction in psychotic illness. These criteria should facilitate research and support a positive, longer-term approach regarding outcome for patients with schizophrenia. from International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 2nd International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Thessaloniki, Greece. 17–20 November 2005
Two Teachers' Conceptions of a Reform-Oriented Curriculum: Implications for Mathematics Teacher Development

This paper describes two high school teachers' conceptions of the cooperation and exploration components of a reform-oriented mathematics curriculum. Although the teachers appreciated the themes of cooperation and exploration in theory, their conceptions of these themes with respect to their implementations of the curriculum differed. One teacher viewed the curriculum's problems as open-ended and challenging for students, whereas the other teacher claimed that the problems were overly structured. Each teacher attributed difficulties with students' cooperative work to the amount of structure and direction (too little or too much) offered by the problems. Discussion of such similarities and differences in the teachers' conceptions emphasizes the dynamic, humanistic nature of curriculum implementation and gives rise to important implications for mathematics teacher development in the context of reform.
Civil War Contagion and Neighboring Interventions

Extant models of civil war intervention have difficulty accounting for the intervention decisions of third-party states that share a border with an ongoing civil war. This is troubling, as contiguous third parties account for a large proportion of interventions. I demonstrate that the tendency of civil wars to spread geographically pose neighbor states with threats to their well-being that are faced by no other type of intervener in the international system. Destruction, regime stability, even state survival are threatened by the prospect of civil war infection. I argue that neighboring third parties are thus motivated to intervene in an attempt to thwart war diffusion across their own borders. Through an analysis of civil war prevalence, I generate a measure of each state's yearly likelihood of being infected by a proximate civil war's hostilities. I then use this measure to explain neighboring interventions in civil wars of the post-WWII period. The results support my theorized expectations.
Combatant Ship Engineering, A Different Approach

In 1989, Ingalls Shipbuilding contracted to design and construct three Sa’ar V Class corvettes for the Government of Israel. The available funding was considerably less than would have been needed to design and build equivalent ships for the US Navy. As a result, the Israeli Navy (IN) and Ingalls Shipbuilding, working closely together, implemented significant innovative systems engineering and design practices and the ships were delivered within the budget. Some of the key innovative design and engineering methods used during that program are described in this paper.
Pharmacogenomics in cardiology--genetics and drug response: 10 years of progress.

10.2217/FCA.15.20 © 2015 Future Medicine Ltd History of pharmacogenomics in cardiology: where have we been? Following completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, Dr Francis Collins and others on behalf of the National Human Genome Research Institute announced their vision for the future of genomics research [1]. A number of grand challenges were identified, and among these were developing strategies to identify genetic contributions to drug response, creating genome-based approaches to predict drug response, and applying discoveries to promote the use of genomic information into clinical practice. The NIH has invested significant resources in addressing these challenges, including funding the International HapMap and 1000 Genomes Projects, which have enabled genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of drug response. Through GWAS, investigators have identified genetic contributors to statininduced myopathy, clopidogrel effectiveness and warfarin dose requirements. While most GWAS of drug response have been conducted in European populations, a recent GWAS in African–Americans revealed a novel association between the rs12777823 polymorphism and warfarin dose requirements in this population, demonstrating the importance of conducting pharmacogenomic studies in different ethnic groups [2]. Other NIH-funded initiatives include the Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN), whose broad objective is to elucidate genetic variants contributing to drug response, and the Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB), which is a comprehensive resource of pharmacogenomic information for researchers and clinicians. Specific projects within the PGRN have focused on the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive response, arrhythmia therapy, antiplatelet interventions and cardiovascular disease risk. The Translational Pharmacogenetics Project was formed as a network-wide PGRN effort to translate actionable pharmacogenetic discoveries into clinical practice. More recently, the NIH-funded Implementing Genomics in Practice Network was formed to further enhance and accelerate the incorporation of genomic information into clinical care. Commentary
Building a sustainable mobile device strategy to meet the needs of various stakeholder groups

With the number of students owning smart phones increasing to over fifty percent in 2010 at Winona State University, Information Technology Services collaborated with University Marketing and Communications to develop Winona State Mobile http://www.winona.edu/it/winonastatemobile.asp. This paper details the initial development efforts to the mobile development strategy that allowed for Winona State Mobile to be accessed from most mobile devices, and prepare the way for future mobile development efforts. The initial WSU Mobile application was developed with the following features: campus map, WSU bus tracker, virtual tour, WSU news, Faculty and staff directory, and the academic calendar. During the construction of this first application the programming team changed the development strategy along the way, resulting in our most recent version being quite different than the initial release. In addition, while working on an update to WSU Mobile, the mobile development team was also working with the Winona Historical Society on a virtual walking tour of some historical buildings in downtown Winona. Both of these efforts have helped shape the way we approach mobile development. This paper will provide an account of these development efforts, reasons for the change in strategy, and a demonstration the end products. Finally, this paper will discuss our most recent effort, which will be available in the summer 2012: The Winona State University Augmented Reality Tree Tour.We are confident that our current applications have been very successful based on qualitative as well as quantitative data. We have had well over 50,000 hits on WSU Mobile since October 2011. The bus-tracking application alone has had almost 30,000 hits during that same time frame. Our team would like to share the knowledge we've gained with other institutions looking to increase their visibility among prospective students, and provide pertinent information to current students in a medium that is easily and quickly accessible to them.
Sherburne F. Cook and Woodrow Borah. Essays in Population History: Mexico and the Caribbean

(1972). Sherburne F. Cook and Woodrow Borah. Essays in Population History: Mexico and the Caribbean. Historical Methods Newsletter: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 120-122.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy

ContextDespite the frequency of depression in women of childbearing age, information to guide patients and physicians through a consideration of treatment during pregnancy is limited.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors associated with treatment of major depression during pregnancy to help physicians develop treatment plans that optimize clinical care.Data SourcesReports of prospective controlled trials in English were identified from MEDLINE and Health STAR using the search terms antidepressant during pregnancy and depression during pregnancy, by manually searching bibliographies of review articles, and through discussions with investigators for 1989-1999.Study SelectionWe selected studies in which maternal and infant health outcomes associated with antidepressant exposure were compared with those of nonteratogen-exposed controls. Four studies published since 1993 were identified and included in the analysis.Data ExtractionWe abstracted information about identification of subjects, comparison groups, pregnancy, and birth outcomes. We organized the data along 5 domains of reproductive toxicity: intrauterine fetal death, morphologic teratogenicity, growth impairment, behavioral teratogenicity, and neonatal toxicity.Data SynthesisData were available for tricyclic antidepressants (collectively), fluoxetine, and newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (collectively). Exposure to these agents did not increase risk for intrauterine death or major birth defects. Decreased birth weights of infants exposed to fluoxetine in the third trimester were identified in 1 study. The development of children whose mothers took tricyclics or fluoxetine during gestation did not differ from that of controls. Direct drug effects and withdrawal syndromes occurred in some neonates whose mothers were treated with antidepressants near term.ConclusionsAlthough few in number, new information from prospective studies provides a welcome change from decision making based on nonprospective data. Monitoring and interventions for patients with identified risks (eg, poor weight gain) are recommended.
Lidar conversion parameters derived from SAGE II extinction measurements

SAGE II multiwavelength aerosol extinction measurements are used to estimate mass- and extinction-to-backscatter conversion parameters. The basis of the analysis is the principal component analysis of the SAGE II extinction kernels to estimate both total aerosol mass and aerosol backscatter at a variety of wavelengths. Comparisons of coincident SAGE II extinction profiles with 0.694-micron aerosol backscatter profiles demonstrate the validity of the method.
In memory of William D. Ehmann, 1931–2013

William (‘‘Bill’’) Donald Ehmann was born on February 7, 1931 in Madison, Wisconsin, and died on December 17, 2013 in Lexington, Kentucky. Bill received B. S. (1952) and M. S. (1954) degrees in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin, and married Nancy Gallagher on July 16, 1955 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1957, he received a Ph.D. in Radiochemistry from (now) Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, working with Prof. Truman P. Kohman. After 2 years as a postdoctoral fellow with John R. Huizenga at Argonne National Laboratory, where Bill began using neutron activation analysis, he accepted a faculty position at the University of Kentucky (UK) in Lexington, Kentucky and quickly rose through the ranks to become a Professor of Chemistry. Named a Fulbright Research Scholar in 1964, Bill traveled to Australia for a year where he completed ground-breaking research on meteorites. In the 1970s, he was chosen by NASA to be included in the first group of scientists to analyze moon samples from the Apollo missions. In later years, Bill’s research focused on the relationship between trace elements and Alzheimer’s disease. He presented his research at more than a hundred conferences around the world and published over 200 papers in refereed journals. With Diane Vance, Bill wrote the wellreceived textbook, Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis, which arose from the lecture notes for his beloved radiochemistry course. A more comprehensive review of Bill’s contributions as a radioanalytical chemist and radiochemistry educator is given in the introduction to the issue of the Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Vol. 219, No. 2 (1997) 153) published in his honor. During his 35 years at the University of Kentucky, Bill received numerous honors. The UK College of Arts and Sciences elected him as the Distinguished Professor in 1968 and inducted him into its Hall of Fame in 2010. In 1987, he received the William B. Sturgill Award for his contributions to graduate education at UK. Bill also believed in service to the University and his four-year term (1972–1976) as Chair of the UK Department of Chemistry was followed by an appointment as Associate Dean for Research in the Graduate School. He received the Kentucky Academy of Science Distinguished Scientist Award in 1982 and the American Chemical Society’s Award for Nuclear Chemistry (now the Seaborg Award) in 1996. In the same year, the American Nuclear Society created the W. D. Ehmann Award in his name, for which he was the first recipient.
Adult mesenchymal stem cells: characterization, differentiation, and application in cell and gene therapy

A considerable amount of retrospective data is available that describes putative mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, there is still very little knowledge available that documents the properties of a MSC in its native environment. Although the precise identity of MSCs remains a challenge, further understanding of their biological properties will be greatly advanced by analyzing the mechanisms that govern their self-renewal and differentiation potential. This review begins with the current state of knowledge on the biology of MSCs, specifically with respect to their existence in the adult organism and postulation of their biological niche. While MSCs are considered suitable candidates for cell-based strategies owing to their intrinsic capacity to self-renew and differentiate, there is currently little information available regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern their stem cell potential. We propose here a model for the regulation of MSC differentiation, and recent findings regarding the regulation of MSC differentiation are discussed. Current research efforts focused on elucidating the mechanisms regulating MSC differentiation should facilitate the design of optimal in vitro culture conditions to enhance their clinical utility cell and gene therapy.
The Zeeman effect in porphyrins

Abstract The direct observation of the Zeeman splitting of the excited states of porphyrins in a magnetic field is reported. The absorption bands of D4h symmetric porphyrins in solution were observed with right and left circularly polarized light in a 100 kilogauss magnetic field both at room temperature and at 77°K. The angular momentum of the excited state is determined from the difference in wavelengths of the absorption peaks with right and left circular polarizations. The value of 9 units of angular momentum for the first excited state obtained for zinc coproporphyrin is in agreement with the free electron model of porphyrin.