cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Delivery Using Cys2–His2 Zinc-Finger Domains

The development of new methods for delivering proteins into cells is a central challenge for advancing both basic research and therapeutic applications. We previously reported that zinc-finger nuclease proteins are intrinsically cell-permeable due to the cell-penetrating activity of the Cys2–His2 zinc-finger domain. Here, we demonstrate that genetically fused zinc-finger motifs can transport proteins and enzymes into a wide range of primary and transformed mammalian cell types. We show that zinc-finger domains mediate protein uptake at efficiencies that exceed conventional protein transduction systems and do so without compromising enzyme activity. In addition, we demonstrate that zinc-finger proteins enter cells primarily through macropinocytosis and facilitate high levels of cytosolic delivery. These findings establish zinc-finger proteins as not only useful tools for targeted genome engineering but also effective reagents for protein delivery.
How RBCs Move Through Thixotropic Gels

The purpose of this study was to describe the mechanism by which RBCs move through a thixotropic gel during centrifugation of blood specimens. We developed a system for direct observation and high-speed recording of images during centrifugation of blood in circular specimen containers (RD01 PlasmaRotor; StatSpin, Norwood, Mass). Observations were also made in conventional Vacutainer SST [serum separator tube] blood collection tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Most of the RBCs moved in homogeneous formations through the central portion of the gel, and some moved between the gel and the inner wall of the tube. After the centrifugation process had separated RBCs from plasma, the thixotropic gel interposed between RBCs and plasma contained small micelles of RBCs, and a small collection of cells remained on the surface of the gel. Our observational technique may be used to examine factors that affect the process by which RBCs move through gels, including altered RBC structure in disease states.
Pulsed Ion-Beam Induced Reactions of Ni And Co With Amorphous and Single Crystal Silicon

Thin layers (~1,000 A ) of Ni and Co have been reacted with both (100) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) using a pulsed ion beam. Samples were analyzed using Rutherford backscattering, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Rutherford backscattering showed that the metal/a-Si and metal/(100)-Si reaction rates were comparable. Both reactions began at the composition of the lowest eutectic. For comparison. furnace annealing of the same structures showed that the reaction rate of Ni with amorphous silicon was greater than with (100) Si; Co reacted nearly identically with both substrates. Diffraction data suggest that pulsed ion beam annealing crystallizes the amorphous silicon before the metal/a-Si reaction begins.
Direct Transfer Printing of Water Hydrolyzable Metals onto Silk Fibroin Substrates through Thermal‐Reflow‐Based Adhesion

In recent years, the use of biopolymers as interface materials between inorganic electronics and biological tissues has increased, which has necessitated the integration of micro- and nanofabrication techniques with these unconventional materials. This combination has led to devices with intriguing operational characteristics such as so-called “transient” bioresorbable devices. Here, a method is investigated which leverages the thermal reflow characteristics of non-beta-sheet crystallized silk fibroin protein films to transfer print electronic components onto bioresorbable silk substrates. This is accomplished by applying heat and pressure to the interface of the silk and fabricated components, leading to reflow of the silk and transfer of the components from a silicon carrier wafer onto silk. We demonstrate application of this for both traditional (Au) and highly labile transient metals (Mg), over large areas with single micrometer resolution, all while retaining functionality of the transferred components. Additionally, it is shown how control over the reflow characteristics of silk through the process parameters can lead to both water-stable and water-soluble device outcomes and retain the efficacy of entrained biological dopants within the silk substrate matrix. Through these means, this method has the potential to improve the number of fabrication options for devices at the biotic/abiotic interface.
Survey of environmental terrestrial gamma-radiation baseline levels around Hainan Changjiang Nuclear Power Station

Objective To survey the environmental terrestrial gamma- radiation baseline levels around HainanChangjiang Nuclear Power Station under construction for setting up gamma radiation level database around the nuclear powerstation. Methods On the basis of the relevant provisions in" Technical criteria for radiation environmental monitoring "(HJ/T61-2001).Field monitoring was carried out in accordance with the legislation relevant to provisions of" Norm for themeasurement of environmental terrestrial gamma-radiation levels(GB/T14583-93). SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used fordata input and statistical analysis. Results The environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose range around ChangjiangNuclear Power Station was from 0.02 to 0.36 μGy/h,and the mean was(0.10±0.06) μGy/h.In addition. The radiation dose wasthe largest in Yajia forest farm and the smallest in Xin village and Yongan village. Natural gamma radiation ambient outdooraround Changjiang Nuclear Power Station per capita annual effective dose to residents was 87.07 μSv,The means of gammaradiation dose 2km,5km,10 km,20 km,50 km away from the nuclear power station were(0.08±0.04) μGy/h,(0.06±0.02) μGy/h,(0.08±0.03) μGy/h,(0.12±0.02) μGy/h,(0.16±0.10) μGy/h.The gamma radiation air absorbed dose rate away from the nuclearpower station 2km,5km,10 km,20 km,50 km showing statistical significance except for 2km and 10km(P0.05).Conclusions The outdoor environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose around Changjiang Nuclear Power Station was in normal level. Theper capita natural gamma radiation dose to residents around Changjiang Nuclear Power Station was within China's per capita annual radiation dose level and safe for the health of local residents.
Diagnostic Imaging Efficacy In Metastases From Unknown Primary Site--Own Material.

UNLABELLED Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin (CUPO) is defined by the presence of metastatic lesions, diagnosed by means of cytological or pathological evaluation, for which no primary site can be detected during a thorough examination. The clinical investigation, directed at locating the site of the neoplastic lesion, is determined by the results of laboratory tests, imaging procedures, and pathological examinations. It is also essential to conduct a complete medical history and thorough physical examination. The detection of the primary site allowed to introduce specific therapy, which can offer clinical benefits, considering a favorable prognosis. The aim of the study was to assess the range of diagnostic procedures performed in patients with CUPO and efficacy in identifying the primary lesion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis comprised a group of 29 patients with CUPO, operated between January, 2002 and December, 2011, at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University in Łodź. The study group comprised 16 male and 13 female patients; median age at presentation was 58.3 years (ranging between 30-79 years). RESULTS Detailed diagnostic management depending on the location of metastatic lesions and their histological type was performed in 20 of the 29 study patients (69%). Considering the remaining 9 (31%) patients detailed diagnostics was not performed, due to the patients' poor general condition. In 55% (11/20) of patients subject to detailed diagnostics, the primary neoplastic lesion was determined. CONCLUSIONS Considering the study group, most patients with cancer of unknown primary origin were characterized by a favorable prognosis, which justified thorough diagnostics, in order to establish the primary neoplastic lesion. The introduction of diagnostic examinations enabled to identify the primary site of the tumor in more than 50% of patients. With the development of imaging methods one can expect improvement of unsatisfactory results, considering the detection of primary neoplastic foci.
One-pot triflic anhydride-mediated synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted 2-imidazolines from N-(2-haloethyl)amides and amines

A one-pot synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted 2-imidazolines from N-(2-haloethyl)amides has been developed. The reaction affords high yields of diverse 1,2-disubstituted 2-imidazolines from triflic anhydride-mediated dehydration of amides followed by installation of a primary amine.
MRI in Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

The MRI findings in four children aged 3 to 10 years with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy are reported from the Chiba Children’s Hospital, Japan.
Energy Balance, Epigenetics, and Prostate Cancer

While many genetic alterations have been demonstrated in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, epigenetic modifications resulting from positive energy balance may play an important role in mediating gene-nutrient interactions that promote the initial development and later progression of this very common form of cancer. Latent prostate cancer incidence increases with aging and is found in 80 % of men aged 80. Among middle-aged men in industrialized nations eating a Western diet, aging increases the incidence of sarcopenia and abdominal/visceral obesity and is commonly associated with increases in insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory cytokines, and increased estrogen/androgen ratios. Therefore, the prostate gland is exposed to environmental and endogenous stresses with aging, related to a state of positive energy balance, increasing adiposity, and inflammation. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in prostate cancer, secondary to positive energy balance and epigenetic modifications, can mediate gene–nutrient interactions in the prostate. The loss of expression of Glutathione-S-Transferase-π 1 (GSTP1) occurs in 90 % of prostate tumors via methylation of CpG islands in its promoter. Soy and green tea polyphenols have been shown to modify prostate tumor epigenetics. Balanced nutritional interventions combined with antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables together with aerobic and resistance exercise should be examined with regard to their effects on the epigenetics of prostate cancer.
The Affect Avoidance Model

The affect avoidance model, introduced in this chapter, provides an overall framework for understanding how mental pathology treatable in psychotherapy can be explained as natural avoidance of dreaded emotions. Complex problems can be simplified by dividing them into units consisting of entrenched dysfunctional patterns, EDPs, each one designed to avoid a dreaded affect. Starting with an original troublesome emotion, each layer or module covers up feelings from the layer below. Treatment usually starts with the most accessible EDP, either by the emotional route, detoxifying the painful affect, or by the behavioral route, replacing dysfunctional avoidance patterns. For each module, treatment can begin with either route and can make use of techniques chosen pragmatically from a wide variety of contemporary therapies. Success with either approach often opens the way for work from the other route, creating a circular pathway to resolution of problems.
Resilient sensor placement for fault localization in water distribution networks

In this paper, we study the sensor placement problem in urban water networks that maximizes the localization of pipe failures given that some sensors give incorrect outputs. False output of a sensor might be the result of degradation in sensor's hardware, software fault, or might be due to a cyber attack on the sensor. Incorrect outputs from such sensors can have any possible values which could lead to an inaccurate localization of a failure event. We formulate the optimal sensor placement problem with erroneous sensors as a set multicover problem, which is NP-hard, and then discuss a polynomial time heuristic to obtain efficient solutions. In this direction, we first examine the physical model of the disturbance propagating in the network as a result of a failure event, and outline the multi-level sensing model that captures several event features. Second, using a combinatorial approach, we solve the problem of sensor placement that maximizes the localization of pipe failures by selecting $m$ sensors out of which at most $e$ give incorrect outputs. We propose various localization performance metrics, and numerically evaluate our approach on a benchmark and a real water distribution network. Finally, using computational experiments, we study relationships between design parameters such as the total number of sensors, the number of sensors with errors, and extracted signal features.
Charge reversal system with cationized cellulose nanocrystals to promote dewatering of a cellulosic fiber suspension

A surface-modified form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was employed to explore mechanisms related to the release of water from cellulosic fiber suspensions during papermaking. The CNC surface was rendered partly cationic (forming CCNC) by adsorption of poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (poly-DADMAC), a high charge density cationic polymer. Meanwhile, a suspension of cellulosic fibers and calcium carbonate particles was prepared from recycled copy paper, which was treated sequentially with poly-DADMAC and a very-high-mass anionic acrylamide copolymer (aPAM). Subsequent addition of CCNC strongly promoted water release, whereas ordinary CNC had the opposite effect. The effect of the CCNC was achieved with ten times less poly-DADMAC, as the final additive, compared to when adding the polymer alone. Results were consistent with a model of nanoparticle-enabled bridging, based on an assumption of non-equilibrium or slowly equilibrating processes of adsorption.
Factors influencing Reagin Formation in Experimental Human Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides Antigen. II. The Influence of Sex as a Factor in Rate of Sensitization.

Abstract 1.1. The impression gained in previous investigations that sex may be a factor in experimental active sensitization to Ascaris antigen was strengthened in this study. 2.2. Evidence was uncovered which suggested that there is a more rapid rate of experimental active sensitization with Ascaris lumbricoides in the Negro race than in the white.
Simon Foucher (1644–1696)

Simon Foucher is important in the history of modern philosophy as a sceptic who originated epistemological criticisms which were fatal to the Cartesian way of ideas. His method was that of the traditional sceptic: he assumed the principles of the system under analysis, and then reasoned to what he considered were contradictory conclusions. His arguments against the distinction between ideas and sensations were utilized by Bayle, Berkeley, and Hume. Any history of the Cartesian way of ideas, and any analysis of the representative theory of perception, must take into consideration the significant contribution of Simon Foucher.
Perspectives from a Pathologist: My Journey on the Path to Women's Health Research, Sex and Gender Policy, and Practice Implications

These words reflect my recollections of major transition points in my life and career: as I first became dedicated to becoming a physician, being introduced to the field of pathology and research, and then transitioning to a somewhat different career focus by becoming the first director of the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health. Many of the experiences that I gained during my years in pathology served me well as I made efforts to establish women's health research and sex and gender based studies as scientific endeavors. Participating in research and teaching as an academic pathologist, setting funding priorities, and supporting and encouraging research careers through governmental office programs have been the essence of my more than 50 years as a pathologist and physician.
Morphology of the utricular otolith organ in the toadfish, Opsanus tau

The utricle provides the vestibular reflex pathways with the sensory codes of inertial acceleration of self-motion and head orientation with respect to gravity to control balance and equilibrium. Here we present an anatomical description of this structure in the adult oyster toadfish and establish a morphological basis for interpretation of subsequent functional studies. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were applied to visualize the sensory epithelium at varying levels of detail, its neural innervation and its synaptic organization. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize otolith mass and morphological polarization patterns of hair cells. Afferent nerve fibers were visualized following labeling with biocytin, and light microscope images were used to make three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of individual labeled afferents to identify dendritic morphology with respect to epithelial location. Transmission electron micrographs were compiled to create a serial 3-D reconstruction of a labeled afferent over a segment of its dendritic field and to examine the cell-afferent synaptic contacts. Major observations are: a well-defined striola, medial and lateral extra-striolar regions with a zonal organization of hair bundles; prominent lacinia projecting laterally; dependence of hair cell density on macular location; narrow afferent dendritic fields that follow the hair bundle polarization; synaptic specializations issued by afferents are typically directed towards a limited number of 7-13 hair cells, but larger dendritic fields in the medial extra-striola can be associated with > 20 hair cells also; and hair cell synaptic bodies can be confined to only an individual afferent or can synapse upon several afferents.
Probability Reweighting in Social Learning: Optimality and Suboptimality

This work explores sequential Bayesian binary hypothesis testing in the social learning setup under expertise diversity. We consider a two-agent (say advisor-learner) sequential binary hypothesis test where the learner infers the hypothesis based on the decision of the advisor, a prior private signal, and individual belief. In addition, the agents have varying expertise, in terms of the noise variance in the private signal. Under such a setting, we first investigate the behavior of optimal agent beliefs and observe that the nature of optimal agents could be inverted depending on expertise levels. We also discuss suboptimality of the Prelec reweighting function under diverse expertise. Next, we consider an advisor selection problem wherein the belief of the learner is fixed and the advisor is to be chosen for a given prior. We characterize the decision region for choosing such an advisor and argue that a learner with beliefs varying from the true prior often ends up selecting a suboptimal advisor.
Utilizing FeCrAl Oxidation Resistance Properties in Water, Air and Steam for Accident Tolerant Fuel Cladding

A recent interest in Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) cladding for light water reactors has revitalized the attention to iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) ferritic alloys, which have been used for other purposes for more than eight decades. The main motivation for use of FeCrAl alloys as ATF cladding is that FeCrAl alloys is that FeCrAl alloys are many orders of magnitude more resistant to attack in air and super-heated steam (e.g. >1200°C) than zirconium alloys. Recent research has shown that FeCrAl is also resistant to general corrosion in normal operation conditions (~300°C) hydrogenated water since it develops a continuous protective chromium rich oxide film on its surface. Under accident conditions, in superheated steam, the FeCrAl becomes protected by alumina. If an alumina protected tube is then flooded with fresh water during a quenching operation after the accident, the surface oxide returns to chromia. FeCrAl seems ideal for nuclear applications due to its adaptability to the environment, normal operation or loss of coolant accident.
Third-order intermodulation distortion in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ grain boundaries

Results are presented on the microwave intermodulation distortion (IMD) measured in high-temperature-superconducting ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ engineered grain boundaries fabricated on bicrystal substrates. The two-tone IMD at 4.4 GHz of thin YBCO plain films without engineered grain boundaries and films with engineered bicrystal grain boundaries of misorientation angles from $2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ to $24\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ was measured as a function of microwave power and temperature in a suspended microstrip resonator configuration. The microwave power dependence of the IMD of the plain films and the films with grain boundaries is compared. The long Josephson-junction effects of high-angle grain boundaries were studied. The connection between the results for the microwave impedance of YBCO grain boundaries and for the IMD has been modeled. We find that for grain boundaries of less than 7.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, the IMD is indistinguishable from that of the plain film.
Elektrophysiologische und biochemische Mechanismen maligner ventrikulärer Arrhythmien bei früher Myokardischämie

Der akute Herztod ist fur mehr als 300 000 Todesfalle pro Jahr allein in den U.S.A. verantwortlich [111]. Am haufigsten tritt er im Zusammenhang einer diffusen koronaren Herzkrankheit auf [9], und in etwa 25% aller Falle von akutem Herztod ist dieses Ereignis die Erstmanifestation der koronaren Herzkrankheit [87]. Der Tod wird am haufigsten durch maligne ventrikulare Arrhythmien verursacht, einschlieslich komplexer ventrikularer Extrasystolen oder ventrikularer Tachykardien, die schlieslich in der Entwicklung von Kammerflimmern gipfeln [23].
THE SEARCH FOR LIQUID FIVEFOLD SYMMETRY

Sometimes the most arresting aspect of a natural object is its symmetry. The delicate and complex contours of a snowflake, for example, are all the more fascinating because of the crystal's symmetrical branches. Rotate the snowflake through one-sixth of a full circle, and you arrive at essentially the same shape.
DEMONSTRATION OF PLACENTAL ENDORPHINS BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AND RADIORECEPTOR TECHNIQUES

Summary Extracts of human placenta were examined for activity in a radioimmunoassay for β-endorphin and in a radioreceptor assay using 3H-naloxone. Endorphin-like activity was found in two fractions of human placental extracts, with approximate molecular weights of 4500 to 5000 and of 2000 to 2500. Neither fraction eluted from Sephadex G-25 columns with 125I-β-endorphin. While the larger molecular weight fraction may represent a precursor of β-endorphin, it does not appear to be β-LPH. The smaller compound may be γ-endorphin or some unknown metabolite of β-endorphin. Additional studies indicated high levels of endorphin-like material present in maternal and cord blood. It is suggested that placental endorphins may play an important role in pregnancy and fetal development.
Family Therapy and Child Psychiatry Training: Making Peace in the Undeclared War

If one wants to know and understand a child, one needs to know and understand his family. This was obvious to Eric Erikson in 1950 when he described his custom of having dinner with the family of any child he considered treating—a custom so simple and sensible that it causes some embarrassment to acknowledge that it has been largely ignored. Not only is it unusual to have dinner with our patients’ families, but it has been considered irrelevant and even harmful to meet with them at all.
Crystallization Kinetics and Microdomain Structures for Blends of Amorphous-Crystalline Block Copolymers with Amorphous Homopolymers

Blends of a symmetrical diblock poly(ethylene-b-propylene) (DEP) and an atactic polypropylene (APP) were studied by calorimetry, small angle neutron scattering, and electron microscopy. Addition of APP to DEP drastically changed the crystallization kinetics of the polyethylene block. The results were interpreted on the basis of the morphological studies of the microdomain structure in both the crystalline state and the melt state of the blends.
Three Essays on Boredom

Boredom has consistently been recognized as a powerful emotion that pervades modern society. Yet despite academic, literary, and media commentaries on boredom’s importance, it has historically received sporadic and sparse attention from scientific researchers. This trend of neglect has begun to change course, and researchers have recently made progress in measuring boredom in a given situation, generating a theory of boredom to account for its various causes, and documenting the correlates of boredom proneness. Nevertheless, some significant gaps remain. This dissertation contributes to the rising tide of boredom research by addressing three gaps in the literature. First, the majority of past researchers have confined their examination of boredom to one-shot surveys and laboratory studies, which has narrowed the shape of research questions and can limit the external validity of findings. The first empirical paper (Chapter 2) leverages a rich experience sampling dataset to document boredom’s prevalence, examine its situational and demographic correlates, and explore whether situational differences can account for group differences (e.g., whether men are more bored than women because of differences in how they spend their time). In addition to the gap in empirical work outside the laboratory, the work on boredom inside the laboratory is characterized by a significant methodological limitation, the lack of a validated boredom elicitation task. The second empirical paper (Chapter 3) addresses this methodological gap by testing and comparing the effectiveness of boredom inductions. This necessary methodological development contributes to the internal validity of laboratory experiments, which are indispensable in addressing boredom’s causal factors. Recently, a comprehensive theory outlining boredom’s function and causal determinants was proposed (Kurzban, Duckworth, Kable, & Myers, 2013). However, this theory has not been empirically tested, the main goal of the third essay (Chapter 4). These three essays contribute to empirical knowledge about the experience of boredom in everyday life, provide a validated methodological tool necessary to manipulate boredom in controlled laboratory settings, and advance the development of a comprehensive theory of state boredom that can be used to predict boredom’s occurrence and inform interventions. Taken together, these essays characterize the nature of boredom in society and help explain when, and why, this interesting emotion occurs.
Fluciclovine, Anti-1-Amino-3-[18F]-Fluorocyclobutane-1-Carboxylic Acid: A Novel Radiotracer for Meningioma

Background Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. The current diagnosis and treatment of meningioma is dependent on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, with follow-up management relying mainly on magnetic resonance imaging. The limitations of these structural imaging modalities include delineation of the tumor extent, tumor grade, and differentiation from other meningioma mimickers, especially in or around the skull base. Because studies with positron emission tomography (PET) have shown that PET is able to fulfill some of these gaps, the use of PET for meningiomas has been steadily increasing. Fluciclovine, also known as anti-1-amino-3-[18F]-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Axumin), is a new PET radiotracer approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2016 for the detection of suspected recurrent prostate cancer with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels. Because the radiotracer is new, very little is known about the utility of this tracer in brain tumors. Case Description We present 3 cases of meningioma with avid uptake of fluciclovine. In each of these cases, the meningioma was incidentally found during surveillance using PET imaging in patients with prostate cancer. Conclusions These cases illustrate that this new radiotracer has the potential to be a complementary tool in the meningioma workup, treatment, and follow-up, especially for skull base lesions.
The Internet of Things and fast data streams: prospects for geospatial data science in emerging information ecosystems

This paper surveys the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the massive data streams that are only now beginning to be generated from it, and the resulting opportunities and challenges that...
The use of slack for medical residency development and recruiting

As technology evolves, medical residency programmes must evolve as well. Slack is a cloud-based team collaborative application that was used by our Emergency Medicine Residency Program to not only streamline communication but also help in recruiting new residents. The majority of medical students auditioning for our programme responded to our use of Slack in a positive manner. We encourage other residency programmes to adopt a similar communication platform to attract the best applicant in a pool of modern learners.
Vampires: Reflections in a Dark Mirror

Fall traces the development of vampires from Polidori through Stoker and beyond. Vampires make strange monsters because they aren’t always creatures of horror. Beginning as terrifying creatures in folklore, they were modified indelibly by nineteenth-century literature and evolved to become beloved popular culture icons. James Malcolm Rymer’s Varney the Vampire depicts the first sympathetic vampire, conflating attacks with sexual assault. After Varney, the vampire can be friend, lover, and hero. This ability to be both devourer and “good guy” sets vampires apart. The defining attribute of vampires is their adaptability, which makes them a dark reflection of human anxieties in different settings. Despite their shifting nature, vampires have consistently retained their nineteenth-century core identity as creatures torn between animal instincts, human conscience, and monstrosity.
A Multicenter Study of the Epidemiology of Deep Surgical Site Infections in Children With Nonidiopathic Early-Onset Scoliosis Including Associated Pathogens.

Retrospective descriptive. Identify incidence and risk of deep surgical site infections (SSIs), associated pathogens, and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with nonidiopathic early-onset scoliosis (EOS) undergoing growth-friendly (GF) spine surgery. SSIs following GF procedures for EOS are well described, but epidemiologic trends in associated pathogens have not been well characterized. The Children’s Spine Study Group database was queried for children ≤18 years of age undergoing GF procedures for nonidiopathic EOS at 11 institutions from September 2001 to January 2016. Deep SSIs reported within 90 days of procedures were reviewed for associated pathogens and their susceptibility profiles. Data were analyzed to calculate incidence and risk. 593 patients (median age 5.7 years, IQR 3.3–8.0 years) with scoliosis due to congenital (45%), neuromuscular (39%), and syndromic (16%) disorders underwent 5,072 procedures. The incidence of deep SSIs per patient was 12.6%; 75 patients had one or more deep SSIs. The risk of deep SSIs per procedure was 1.95% as 99 SSIs occurred after the 5072 procedures. Overall, 48% of deep SSIs followed expansion procedures. Pathogen(s) were cultured from 92% of SSIs including gram-positive cocci (GPC, 90.1%) and/or gram-negative rods (GNR, 17.6%). Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (48.4% of SSIs), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (23.1%), and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS, 8.8%) were the most common GPCs. Escherichia coli (5.5% of SSIs), Enterobacter cloacae (4.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.4%) were the most common among GNRs. GNR susceptibility to cefazolin was 41% during the study period, whereas GPC susceptibility to cefazolin was 59%. The risk of SSIs can potentially be reduced for this vulnerable population by routinely reviewing the local epidemiology of SSIs, including the associated pathogens and their susceptibility patterns. As GNR susceptibility to cefazolin was only 41%, expanding prophylaxis to include aminoglycosides for GNR is prudent. Level IV.
Conclusions and extensions

This book has attempted to show the variety of results which may be derived from a simple regional input-output model. We should now briefly summarize the usefulness of the study.
PID and MRAC control of a Quadrotor

A Quadrotor is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) which has four rotors. It is a non-linear multivariable system which is highly underactuated. Voltage-based approach using Newton-Euler technique is used to derive the quadrotor's equations-of-motion. These equations are then used to develop a Simulink model and the output responses for roll, pitch and yaw angles are achieved. First, a PID controller is used and then, Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) technique is used. The results obtained for both the control techniques are compared with respect to their response to a step input and the settling time of the output response.
Treatment Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Arthritis of the Distal Radioulnar Joint

Objective Surgical treatment options for distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis include distal ulnar resection (DUR), DRUJ arthrodesis, and ulnar head replacement. Ulnar convergence leading to persistent pain and clicking is a relatively common complication of complete DUR and DRUJ arthrodesis with distal ulnar segment resection (DRUJA). This led to the development of the distal ulna hemiresection (DUHR) and distal ulnar stump stabilization techniques to reduce the risk of this complication. Patients may experience incomplete relief of pain and limited range of motion (ROM) with these procedures. We hypothesized that there would be no differences in outcomes between the treatment groups, but patients undergoing DUHR, tendon interposition, or distal ulnar stump stabilization would be at lower risk of complications. Methods Records were retrospectively reviewed for 121 patients undergoing DRUJ procedures between 2000 and 2018 at a single institution to collect patient demographics, surgical details, preoperative diagnosis, and outcomes including complications, revision procedures, ROM, pain, and swelling. Patients were grouped for analysis by procedure type: DUR (Darrach procedure), DUHR (Bowers procedure), and DRUJA (Sauve–Kapandji procedure). Continuous variables were compared using an analysis of variance test and categorical variables using the Freeman–Halton extension of the Fisher's exact test. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of outcomes. Results Seventy-three patients underwent a DUR procedure, while 33 patients underwent a DUHR procedure and 11 underwent a DRUJA procedure. Mean follow-up was 70.6 months. Patients undergoing DRUJA were significantly younger than those undergoing DUR or DUHR procedure (42.4 vs. 60.0 vs. 62.1, p Conclusion The results of our study suggest that outcomes are equivalent between the three distinct treatment groups. Despite the potential benefits, hemiresection, tendon interposition, and distal stump stabilization had no significant effect on outcomes in this study. More than a quarter (25.6%) of patients undergoing DRUJ procedures experience persistent pain postoperatively, while one-fifth (19.7%) experienced limited ROM. Patients with higher BMI are at a significantly greater risk of experiencing persistent postoperative pain. Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Correction to: Consumer dynamics: theories, methods, and emerging directions

Since this paper was first published, the publisher has been informed of an additional contributing author, Chun-Wei Chang. No other changes have been made to the text.
Disability affirmation and acceptance predict hope among adults with physical disabilities.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Positive disability identity has been proposed as a protective factor against disability-related stressors. Personal disability identity (PDI) refers to positive self-concept as a person with a disability. The most widely used measure of PDI captures disability affirmation and disability acceptance (Hahn & Belt, 2004). The current study examined the association between PDI (i.e., acceptance and affirmation) and hope (i.e., pathways and agency). Hope is defined as a process of thinking about one's goals, including motivation to pursue goals (agency) and ways to achieve goals (pathways; Snyder et al., 1991). METHOD One hundred eighty-six adults with physical disabilities completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire measuring PDI, hope, personal factors, and impairment-related factors. RESULTS Findings from multiple linear regression indicated that agency was predicted by both disability acceptance (p < .001) and disability affirmation (p < .001), after accounting for personal and impairment factors. Presence of multiple disabilities was also found to be negatively associated with agency (p = .001). Pathways was predicted by disability acceptance (p < .001) but not disability affirmation (p = .17), after accounting for personal and impairment factors. The regression model on agency explained 50% of the variance in agency scores, a moderate effect; the model on pathways explained 36% of the variance in pathways scores, a moderate effect. Internal consistency of all instruments was supported and confirmatory factor analyses supported the use of the PDI subscales. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS By introducing hope as a correlate of disability acceptance and disability affirmation, this study provides support for the role of disability identity in promoting well-being (e.g., agency and pathways) among adults with physical disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Interpersonal and intrapersonal predictors of suicidal thoughts and actions in first-year college students.

The aim was to determine the unique predictors of suicide risk in first-year college students.First-year students (N = 665) at a Midwestern university participated.An online survey assessed Joiner’...
Comparisons of 3-Dimensional Conformal and Intensity-Modulated Neutron Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers.

Purpose Neutron therapy is a high linear energy transfer modality that is useful for the treatment of radioresistant head and neck (H&N) cancers. It has been limited to 3-dimensioanal conformal-based fast-neutron therapy (3DCNT), but recent technical advances have enabled the clinical implementation of intensity-modulated neutron therapy (IMNT). This study evaluated the comparative dosimetry of IMNT and 3DCNT plans for the treatment of H&N cancers. Materials and Methods Seven H&N IMNT plans were retrospectively created for patients previously treated with 3DCNT at the University of Washington (Seattle). A custom RayStation model with neutron-specific scattering kernels was used for inverse planning. Organ-at-risk (OAR) objectives from the original 3DCNT plan were initially used and were then systematically reduced to investigate the feasibility of improving a therapeutic ratio, defined as the ratio of the mean tumor to OAR dose. The IMNT and 3DCNT plan quality was evaluated using the therapeutic ratio, isodose contours, and dose volume histograms. Results When compared with the 3DCNT plans, IMNT reduces the OAR dose for the equivalent tumor coverage. Moreover, IMNT is most advantageous for OARs in close spatial proximity to the target. For the 7 patients with H&N cancers examined, the therapeutic ratio for IMNT increased by an average of 56% when compared with the 3DCNT. The maximum OAR dose was reduced by an average of 20.5% and 20.7% for the spinal cord and temporal lobe, respectively. The mean dose to the larynx decreased by an average of 80%. Conclusion The IMNT significantly decreases the OAR doses compared with 3DCNT and provides comparable tumor coverage. Improvements in the therapeutic ratio with IMNT are especially significant for dose-limiting OARs near tumor targets. Moreover, IMNT provides superior sparing of healthy tissues and creates significant new opportunities to improve the care of patients with H&N cancers treated with neutron therapy.
Plants Colonizing Disturbed Areas in Fifteen Rocky Mountain Environments - Weeds and Reclamation Candidates

We list plants whch are commonly established in road cuts in fifteen major Northern Rocky Mountain environmental types. We expect them to establish well on new disturbances in the same environmental types. Thus, our list of natives can be used to choose plants for reintroduction of natives to construction sites and other disturbed areas; additional data on life form, aggressiveness (cover), and altitudinal distribution will be useful for choosing among seeding candidates and selecting seed sources for the reseeding. And, our list of establishing exotics will identify the weeds most likely to colonize a site, their aggressiveness on disturbed sites, and their capacity to enter adjacent undisturbed vegetation; this list will caution against introduction of certain exoti (e.g. Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense, and most Trifoliums-- as well as noxious weeds) and will be the basis for plans to control locally noxious exotics early and aggressively.
Drug Intoxication in the Emergency Department

Substance use is highly prevalent among patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs). According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Drug Abuse Warning Network report, in 2011, there were approximately 2.5 million drug-abuse-related ED visits nationwide [1]. Twenty-five percent of the total drug-related ED visits involved illicit drugs, and 28% involved pharmaceuticals. The most common illegal drugs of abuse were cocaine, marijuana, and heroin. Between 2004 and 2011, the most massive pharmaceutical increase was recorded for oxycodone (220%) [1] (Fig. 5.1).
Gastric glucose tolerance in the third-trimester monkey conceptus

The hypothesis that glucose in swallowed amniotic fluid could serve as an insulinogenic stimulus to the fetal pancreas whereas intravascularly administered glucose does not was tested in the third-trimester monkey conceptus. When 1 gm of glucose was instilled into the stomach of 5 fetal monkeys between Days 142 and 153 of gestation fetal plasma insulin growth hormone and glucagon were unchanged. Instillation of 1 gm of glucose into the stomach of 5 premature newborn monkeys (Days 144-154 of gestation) at 4-5 hours of life led to an increase in plasma insulin in 3 of the 5 animals with no change in the other 2. Plasma growth hormone and glucagon were unchanged. From this study it is unclear whether the failure of orally administered glucose to stimulate an early adultlike insulin response in the fetal and newborn monkey is due to a deficiency in the enteroinsular axis hormones or islet cell unresponsiveness.
Chemical variation and zoning of olivine in lunar dunite 72415 - Near-surface accumulation

Electron microprobe remeasurements have been used to reevaluate the range of olivine compositions, including CaO, in lunar dunite sample 72415 and compare that range with olivines in established plutonic rocks. Olivines from ferroan anorthosite 62237 and samples from the Stillwater intrusion were analyzed; literature data for other lunar and terrestrial plutonic samples were used for comparisons. The analyses show that the lunar dunite 72415 contains a range of olivine compositions, that the olivines are zoned, and that they have CaO abundances that are consistent with shallow hypabyssal rather than deep plutonic accumulation.
Dimension Reduction Methods

Chapter one begins with an assessment of the need for dimension reduction in data mining. Principal components analysis is demonstrated, in the context of a real-world example using the Houses data set. Various criteria are compared for determining how many components should be extracted. Emphasis is given to profiling the principal components for the end-user, along with the importance of validating the principal components using the usual hold-out methods in data mining. Next, factor analysis is introduced and demonstrated using the real-world Adult data set. The need for factor rotation is discussed, which clarifies the definition of the factors. Finally, user-defined composites are briefly discussed, using an example.
Maps and Legends: Designing FPS-Based Interfaces for Multi-user Composition, Improvisation and Immersive Performance

This paper describes an interactive multi-channel multi-user networked system for real-time composition and immersive performance built using a modified version of the Quake III gaming engine. By tracking users' positional and action data within a virtual space, and by streaming that data over a network using OSC messages formatted as UDP packets to a multi-channel Pure Data patch, actions in virtual space are correlated to sonic output in a physical space. Virtual environments designed as abstract compositional maps or representative models of the users' actual physical space are investigated as means to guide and shape compositional and performance choices. This paper analyzes both the technological concerns for building and realizing the system as well as the compositional and perceptual issues inherent in the project itself.
Posterior circulation stroke is associated with prolonged door-to-needle time.

BackgroundLack of recognition of early symptoms of acute posterior circulation ischaemic stroke might delay timely diagnosis and treatment with tissue plasminogen activator.Aims and hypothesisWe hy...
Spin-parameter measurements in inclusive Σ 0 production

We have measured the polarization P, the analyzing power A, and the polarization transfer D of ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}$'s produced inclusively by a polarized proton beam at 18.5 GeV/c. Our data cover a region of moderate ${p}_{T}$ (average 1 GeV/c) and Feynman x up to 0.75. We find agreement with a previous measurement of the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}$ polarization P. We observe nonzero values for A and D, but they are significantly smaller than predictions based on a simple parton-recombination model. We have extended this model to include finite transversity spin flips, which improves agreement with the data considerably.
The Valence and Spin State of Iron in Oxyhemoglobin as Inferred from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

A comparative study of the resonance Raman spectra of a number of hemoproteins with excitation in the Soret region reveals features that characterize the valence and spin state of the iron. (a) The frequency of the strongest band in the spectra for reduced (ferrous) hemoproteins always occurs between 1356 and 1361 cm-1, whereas for oxidized (ferric) proteins it occurs between 1370 and 1378 cm-1. (b) In all cases studied there is a band in the conjugated double bond stretching region, with principal component at 1584 and 1566 cm-1 for the low and high spin configurations, respectively. Since the strongest band of oxyhemoglobin occurs at 1375 cm-1 and the 1584 cm-1 band dominates the conjugated double bond stretching region, the present results strongly support the assignment of a low spin ferric structure to the iron ion in oxyhemoglobin.
Matching properties of arbitrarily large dielectric covered phased arrays

A method is presented for approximating the impedance or admittance properties of arbitrarily large but finite dielectric covered phased arrays which use a plane wave expansion of the fields radiated by the elements. The method is general in its application to dipole, slot, or waveguide geometries even though results from dipoles near resonance are used in this paper. Results calculated using the method are compared to a well-established procedure for an array in free space. Further results for a dipole array in a dielectric slab are presented, and a problem which occurs due to a surface wave phenomenon is dealt with in an approximate manner using the insights possible from the physical interpretations of the method. The method is also shown to be valuable in its predictions of edge effects and behavior of impedances across the extent of large finite arrays which methods that work with infinite arrays or small finite arrays cannot accomplish.