cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of new inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase activity

Objective Soluble guanylyl cyclase, (sGC) is an enzyme that can be activated endogenously by nitric oxide (NO). As its particulate counterparts, the role of the cytoplasmic sGC inside the cell is to convert GTP to the second messenger, cGMP. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase during the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline. NO binds to the ferrous heme of sGC and activates the enzyme, augmenting the production of cGMP which leads to the activation of cGMP-dependent targets. The activation of various proteins through elevated cGMP production by sGC produces physiological functions like vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, photosensitivity, and cell growth. However, studies have indicated that during pathophysiological conditions like sepsis and cancer, the inhibition of sGC activity could potentially be beneficial in achieving a desired cellular and pharmaceutical response. In addition, a common inhibitor of sGC, ODQ, only inhibits NO-stimulated sGC, not basal, and ODQ also does not work well under high NO concentrations thus furthering the need to develop novel sGC inhibitors.
Applying Existential Theory and Intervention to Career Decision-Making:

This paper presents a four-stage model of career decision-making based on an existential theoretical perspective. Existential themes such as freedom, responsibility, meaning, and authenticity are e...
An optimized undulator beamline for high-resolution photoemission valence band spectroscopy

Abstract A beamline under construction on the storage ring Aladdin is designed for very high performance in the energy range 15 to 30 eV. Limiting the scan to this important region allows a very high flux design while minimizing the cost and complexity.
Hybrid calculation of electron-polar-molecule scattering: Integrated and momentum-transfer cross sections for LiF

We describe in detail a hybrid method for calculation of electron-polar-molecule scattering in which (1) low-$l$ $S$-matrix elements are calculated in the body frame using a potential which incorporates a realistic representation of the molecular core; (2) intermediate-$l$ elements are calculated in the body frame using an exact method with a point-dipole potential; and (3) high-$l$ elements are calculated in the laboratory frame using the first Born approximation with a point-dipole potential. By taking into account the dominant interactions of each $l$ range when choosing the coordinate frame, potential, and calculational method, this hybrid framework achieves an exceptionally high level of efficiency and economy of calculation without sacrifice of accuracy. Using this method, we have calculated integrated and momentum-transfer cross sections for $e$-LiF scattering from 1 to 20 eV (differential cross sections have been reported elsewhere). The integrated cross section is dominated (g 99%) by the $j=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{j}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1$ rotational transition, whereas the momentum-transfer cross section is composed of comparable contributions from transitions to final ${j}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0 \mathrm{through} 3$, owing to its deemphasis of small-angle scattering. Eigenphase sums show no sign of resonant activity in this energy range.
Effects of atomic short-range order on the properties of perovskite alloys in their morphotropic phase boundary.

The effects of atomic short-range order on the properties of Pb(Zr 1 - x Ti x )O 3 alloy in its morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) are predicted by combining first-principles-based methods and annealing techniques. Clustering is found to lead to a compositional expansion of this boundary, while the association of unlike atoms yields a contraction of this region. Atomic short-range order can thus drastically affect properties of perovskite alloys in their MPB, by inducing phase transitions. Microscopic mechanisms responsible for these effects are revealed and discussed.
Basic development and testing of a short-range laser profiling model

Laser profilometers hold the promise of improving smart munition detection and aimpoint selection performance when combined with data from other sensor types, such as passive thermal infrared. The high cost of physically testing sensor systems dictates that simulation should be used whenever possible. This paper describes the development and preliminary verification of a profilometer simulation developed as part of a larger smart munition sensor simulation model. A single-scattering laser profilometer model, which predicts returns from passive illumination sources, such as the sun and sky, in addition to laser returns, is formulated and implemented. Several simple scenarios are simulated to test model behavior as a function of environmental illumination, reflecting material, and target geometry. Results agree with expectations and show the importance including environmental conditions and detailed material reflective properties in the model.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A preliminary geochemical study of zircons and monazites from Deccan felsic dikes, Rajula, Gujarat, India: Implications for crustal melting

Zircons of 10–100μm size and monazites of up to 10μm size are present in rhyolite and trachyte dikes associated with Deccan basalts around Rajula in the southern Saurashtra Peninsula of Gujarat. On the basis of structural conformity of the felsic and basaltic dikes, K-Ar ages and trace element considerations, a previous study concluded that the felsic rocks are coeval with the Deccan Volcanics and originated by crustal anatexis. The felsic rocks contain two populations of zircons and monazites, one that crystallized from the felsic melt and the other that contains inherited crustal material. Trace element variations in the rhyolites and trachytes indicate that zircons and monazites crystallized from the felsic melts, but compositional analysis of a zircon indicates the presence of a small core possibly inherited from the crust. Hf compositional zoning profile of this zircon indicates that it grew from the host rhyolitic melt while the melt differentiated, and Y and LREE contents suggest that this zircon crystallized from the host melt. Pb contents of some monazites also suggest the presence of inherited crustal cores. Hence, any age determination by the U-Th-Pb isotopic method should be interpreted with due consideration to crustal inheritance. Temperatures estimated from zircon and monazite saturation thermometry indicate that the crust around Rajula may have been heated to a maximum of approximately 900°C by the intruding Deccan magma. Crustal melting models of other workers indicate that a 1–2 million year emplacement time for the Deccan Traps may be appropriate for crustal melting characteristics observed in the Rajula area through the felsic dikes.
Beyond Acetylferrocene: The Synthesis and NMR Spectra of a Series of Alkanoylferrocene Derivatives

This experiment offers a new twist to a popular undergraduate synthesis laboratory—the conversion of ferrocene to acetylferrocene. The goal of this experiment is to prepare a series of nine alkanoylferrocene complexes that yield more thought-provoking and challenging NMR spectra than that obtained for acetylferrocene. If these complexes are described as alkyl ferrocenyl ketones, the alkyl groups range from methyl (1), ethyl (2), n-propyl (3), isopropyl (4), n-butyl (5), isobutyl (6), tert-butyl (7), n-pentyl (8), to n-heptyl (9). The synthesis and isolation of these crude complexes are achieved by using acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides. In the second week, the crude product was purified by column chromatography and dried. In the third week, 1H and 13C NMR were obtained in CDCl3. These spectra are presented and discussed.
Chylomicron Formation and Secretion is Required for Lipid-Stimulated Release of Incretins GLP-1 and GIP

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins produced in the intestine that play a central role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Circulating concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP are low and can be difficult to assay in rodents. These studies utilized the novel intestinal lymph fistula model we have established to investigate the mechanism of lipid-stimulated incretin secretion. Peak concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP following an enteral lipid stimulus (Liposyn) were significantly higher in intestinal lymph than portal venous plasma. To determine whether lipid-stimulated incretin secretion was related to chylomicron formation Pluronic L-81 (L-81), a surfactant inhibiting chylomicron synthesis, was given concurrently with Liposyn. The presence of L-81 almost completely abolished the increase in lymph triglyceride seen with Liposyn alone (P < 0.001). Inhibition of chylomicron formation with L-81 reduced GLP-1 secretion into lymph compared to Liposyn stimulation alone (P = 0.034). The effect of L-81 relative to Liposyn alone had an even greater effect on GIP secretion, which was completely abolished (P = 0.004). These findings of a dramatic effect of L-81 on lymph levels of GLP-1 and GIP support a strong link between intestinal lipid absorption and incretin secretion. The relative difference in the effect of L-81 on the two incretins provides further support that nutrient-stimulation of GIP and GLP-1 is via distinct mechanisms.
The magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of benzene and toluene and the magnetic moment of the 1E1u state

Abstract The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of benzene and toluene in the vapor phase were measured in the 1 E 1u region. The MCD spectrum of benzene is complex and is not interpreted. The MCD spectrum of toluene exhibits a large A -term component, and moment analysis is used to deduce the magnetic moment of the 1 E 1u state of benzene from these data. An LCAO MO calculation results in a magnetic moment in satisfactory agreement with the experimental value. The MCD measurements are the first to be reported in the vacuum UV spectral region.
Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth Cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit.

Abstract The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. Two major limitations of CpGV are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. The nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and those of the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) have broad host ranges. Comparative assays of CpGV, AcMNPV, and AfMNPV against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54–93-fold greater susceptibility of codling moth to the granulovirus than to the two nucleopolyhedroviruses based on the LC50 values for each virus. The LC50s for CpGV, AfMNPV, and AcMNPV were 32.7 capsules/mm2, 1.77×103 occlusion bodies (OBs)/mm2, and 3.05×10 3 OBs/mm 2 , respectively. The LT50 determined for AfMNPV using an approximate LC95 of the virus against neonate larvae was 3.6 days. Histological examination of tissues in moribund codling moth larvae that had been treated with AfMNPV revealed the presence of nonoccluded and unenveloped virus rods in midgut tissue. Neither OBs nor signs of infection were detected in other tissues. The activity of AfMNPV was also evaluated in three other tortricid apple pests (obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck)). Codling and Oriental fruit moths were significantly more susceptible to AfMNPV than were the two leafroller species.
Wife abuse as it affects work behavior in a center for mentally retarded persons.

This study examined differences between conjugally abused and nonabused female employees at a state-supported ICF/MR residential facility in relation to the potential for client abuse, absenteeism rates, and performance ratings. The research was conducted at a rural institution for mentally retarded persons at which approximately 72% of the workforce was female. A survey package composed of demographic questions, the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Milner, 1980), and other self-report questions that concerned abuse was distributed to all permanent female employees. The survey return rate was 31.7%. Analysis of the data indicated a significant difference between CAP scores for emotionally and physically abused women and their nonabused counterparts (p less than .01). When a CAP score of 215 was used as a cut-off, 44% of the abused women were classified into the potential abuser category. No significant differences were revealed between categories of abuse and measures of absenteeism or performance appraisal scores.
Dose-Confirmation of Copper Sulfate for Treating Fungus on Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Eggs at a Commercial Hatchery

This study at a commercial hatchery was required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to provide independent substantiation of the results of previous laboratory dose-confirmation studies on the use of copper sulfate (CuSO4) to control fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) on the eggs of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The study compared an untreated control group of eggs to eggs treated with 10 mg/L CuSO4 in a flow-through system; mean water temperature was 23.5°C. Eggs were treated once daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage (5 treatments). Hatching was complete by day 11, and fry were counted to determine the percentage of survival in each treatment. Fungus was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Saprolegnia spp. The mean survival in the control treatments was 4% and 40% in the CuSO4 treatments; the latter survival was significantly higher, but still lower than normal. This study confirms that 10 mg/L CuSO4 is an effective treatment to control fungus on catfish eggs when used daily u...
Tales of Wayward Girls and Immoral Women: Case Records and the Professionalization of Social Work

Writing case records was central to the professionalization of social work, a task that by its very nature created clients, authorities, problems, and solutions. In Tales of Wayward Girls and Immoral Women, Karen W. Tice argues that when early social workers wrote about their clients they transformed individual biographies into professional representations. Because the social workers were attuned to the intricacies of language, case records became focal points for debates on science, art, representation, objectivity, realism, and gender in public charity and reform.Tice uses 150 case records of early practitioners from a number of reform organizations and considers myriad books on the specifics of case recording to analyze the competing models of record-keeping, both in the field and outside it.
Biomedical computing and visualization

Computational problems in biomedicine often require a researcher to apply diverse skills in confronting applications involving very large data sets, threedimensional complex geometries, large-scale computing, scientific problem-solving environments, and large-scale visualization. In this presentation, I will provide examples of recent research in biomedical computing and visualization in cardiology (medical device design), neuroscience (epilepsy localization techniques and surgical planning), and imaging (new methods for interactive visualization of large-scale 3D MRI and CT volumes, and new methods for diffusion tensor imaging). Biography Professor Johnson directs the School of Computing, as well as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute at the University of Utah where he is a
Estimating the size of the source population from a matched sample of parts

This paper discusses the problem of estimating the size of a source population from a sample of matched, disaritculated body parts. Maximum likelihood estimation and the construction of a confidence interval are described. This problem is connected to the ecological problem of estimating the number of spectes in a sampled community.
Centralp-Extensions of (p, p,…,p)-Type Galois Groups

Letpbe a prime number,Ka field with characteristic notpand containing thepth roots of unity, andE/Kan abelian exponentpGalois extension. We prove explicit formulas for the construction of fieldsN/Kwith Galois group a centralp-extension of Gal(E/K). These formulas do not require the solution of a linear system of equations in the field extension, as do the formulas of Massy [J. Algebra109(1987), 508–535]. In our study we develop generalizations of theorems of Serre and Frohlich on representing obstructions to embedding problems and theorems of Crespo on explicitly constructing solution fields.
Survival of West Nile virus‐challenged Southern house mosquitoes, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, in relation to environmental temperatures

We investigated the effect of West Nile virus (WNV) infection on survival in two colonies of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) originating from Vero Beach and Gainesville, FL. Mosquitoes were fed West Nile virus-infected blood and checked daily for survival. Exposure to WNV decreased survival among Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from Gainesville relative to unexposed individuals at 31° C. In contrast, exposure to WNV enhanced survival among Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from Vero Beach relative to unexposed individuals at 27° C. These results may suggest that exposure to WNV and associated infection could increase or decrease components of fitness, dependent on environmental temperature and intraspecific variation in Cx. p. quinquefasciatus. The relationship between lifespan (time of death in days) and WNV titer differed in the colonies at 31° C and 27° C, suggesting that intraspecific species variation in response to temperature impacts interactions with WNV. While further work is needed to determine if similar effects occur under field conditions, this suggests intraspecific variation in vector competence for WNV and adult survival of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, both aspects of vectorial capacity.
PC program for analyzing one-sample longitudinal data sets which satisfy the two-stage polynomial growth curve model.

The two-stage polynomial growth curve model is described and a GAUSS program to perform the associated computations is documented and made available to interested readers. The two-stage model is similar to that considered by us earlier (Schneiderman and Kowalski: American Journal of Physical Anthropology 67:323-333, 1985; American Journal of Human Biology 1:31-42, 1989), i.e., it is appropriate for the analysis of one-sample longitudinal data collected at either equal or unequal time intervals. Here, however, the covariance matrix, Σ, instead of being considered arbitrary, is now assumed to have the special structure Σ = W A W' + σ2 I. We show the conditions under which this special structure may be expected to arise and how it may be exploited to produce sharper results in certain situations. The method and the program are illustrated and the results are contrasted to those obtained when Σ is arbitrary. It is suggested that the two-stage model is more efficient when the same degree polynomial is adequate to model the data in the two situations, but that, should a higher degree be necessary for the two-stage model, confidence intervals and/or bands may be wider than those corresponding to Σ arbitrary.
American Digital History

U.S. History and Computing have had a long history of partnership in teaching and research. There currently is a deep divide among historians on the direction this partnership will take in the future. Will the partnership revolutionize theways in which history is taught and researched or will it simply offer additional tools to improve traditional practices? In either case, future success depends on history scholars taking an active role in the partnership. With active and involved historians, great ideas such as digital libraries and online educational materials can be developed into workable and effective teaching and research tools. However, historians must take the initiative. A pioneering group of historians have laid the groundwork, nowthe profession must embrace thiswork and move forward or it will be done for us by those who are not historians.
Regulatory T cells enhance mesenchymal stem cell survival and proliferation following autologous cotransplantation in ischemic myocardium

Objectives We sought to investigate if autologous freshly isolated regulatory T cells (Tregs) provide a protective and supportive role when cotransplanted with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods In a porcine model of chronic ischemia, autologous MSCs were isolated and expanded ex vivo for 4 weeks. Autologous Treg cells were freshly isolated from 100 mL peripheral blood and purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. MSCs and Treg cells were then cotransplanted into the chronic ischemic myocardium of Yorkshire pigs by direct intramyocardial injection (1.2 × 10 8 MSCs plus an average of 1.5 million Treg cells in 25 injection sites). Animals were killed 6 weeks postinjection to study the fate of the cells and compare the effect of combined MSCs + Treg cells transplantation versus MSCs alone. Results The coinjection of MSCs along with Tregs was safe and no deleterious side effects were observed. Six weeks after injection of the cell combination, spherical MSCs clusters with thin layer capsules were found in the injected areas. In animals treated with MSCs only, the MSC clusters were less organized and not encapsulated. Immunofluorescent staining showed CD25+ cells among the CD90+ (MSC marker) cells, suggesting that the injected Treg cells remained present locally, and survived. Factor VIII+ cells were also prevalent suggesting new angiogenesis. We found no evidence that coinjections were associated with the generation of cardiac myocytes. Conclusions The cotransplantation of Treg cells with MSCs dramatically increased the MSC survival rate, proliferation, and augmented their role in angiogenesis, which suggests a new way for future clinical application of cell-based therapy.
Sexual victimization and hazardous drinking among heterosexual and sexual minority women.

Abstract Aims Although research shows that sexual minority women report high rates of lifetime sexual victimization and high rates of hazardous drinking, investigators have yet to explore the relationships between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in this population. In addition, because the rates of these problems may vary within the sexual minority population, we examined and compared relationships between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in exclusively heterosexual and sexual minority (mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly lesbian and exclusively lesbian) women. Method Data from 548 participants in the National Study of Health and Life Experiences of Women and 405 participants in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study were pooled to address these relationships. We compared hazardous drinking, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), adult sexual assault (ASA), and revictimization (both CSA and ASA) across the five sexual identity subgroups. We then fit a multilevel general linear model to examine group differences in the relationships between hazardous drinking and sexual victimization and to test for potential interactions between victimization and identity on hazardous drinking. Results Sexual minority women reported higher levels of hazardous drinking and higher rates of CSA and sexual revictimization than did exclusively heterosexual women. Revictimization was the strongest predictor of hazardous drinking among women who identified as mostly heterosexual and mostly lesbian. Conclusions This study extends previous research by examining associations between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in heterosexual and sexual minority women and by exploring within-group variations in these associations among sexual minority women. Higher rates of lifetime sexual victimization and revictimization may help to explain sexual minority women's heightened risk for hazardous drinking. The findings highlight the need for additional research that examines the meanings of sexual identity labels to more fully understand differences in risk within groups of sexual minority women as well as how sexual identity may affect responses to and interpretations of sexual victimization.
Commentary: Controversies in NICE guidance on irritable bowel syndrome

The NICE guidelines summarise the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but several issues remain contentious. The NICE guidelines offer a pragmatic definition of IBS, similar to one published in 2002 by the American College of Gastroenterology Taskforce.1 However, the utility of these pragmatic definitions is unknown. The Rome criteria for IBS were developed for research purposes and are specific, but there are no adequate validation data documenting their applicability in primary care.1 2 The NICE guidelines suggest that symptoms that are made worse by eating support a diagnosis of IBS, but as acknowledged in the guidelines, this is based on expert consensus rather than research evidence. Clinicians need to be aware that this symptom may lead to confusion with functional dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease. Making …
The inaccuracy of paper medicine cups: a warning.

A N u M B E R of -decisions are involved in the selection and administration of a pharmacologic agent to a patient: (1) establishing diagnosis, (2) determination of the necessity for treating with a pharmacologic agent, (3) selection of an appropriate agent, (4) selection of the safest and most efficient route of drug administration, (5) determination of the dosage to be administered, and (6) selection of the appropriate time intervals for administration. An additional and occasionaliy overlooked factor is the accuracy of the measuring deyice used for administration of liquid medications. Teaspoons, the most commonly utilized measuring devices in the home, have been shown to vary greatly in capacity? In addition, there can be significant variation in the amount of medication administered by dif ferent individuals using the same teaspoon. 2, Shirkey 3 has commented on the use of medicine glasses and paper and plastic medicine cups. He states that disposable cups are used widely in the hos-
Increases in serum unbound free fatty acid levels following coronary angioplasty

Serum unbound free fatty acid levels (FFAu) were measured in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) using the fluorescent probe acrylodan intestinal fatty acid binding protein (ADIFAB). These are the first measurements of FFAu, under nonphysiologic conditions. In these studies, FFAu, levels were determined in 22 patients 5 minutes before and 30 minutes after the procedure. Post-PTCA FFAu, levels were higher than pre-PTCA levels in all patients. The average post-PTCA level for all patients was 103 nM, about 14-fold higher than the 7.5 nM value observed in healthy subjects. Although all patients exhibited elevated FFAu levels after PTCA, ischemic ST-segment changes were observed in only 11 of these patients. The average post-PTCA FFAu levels for patients with significant ST-segment changes (123 nM) were significantly higher than those in patients who did not exhibit such changes (47 nM). Average FFAu (22 nM) levels before the procedure were elevated in the patient population relative to healthy subjects and these values correlated positively with post-PTCA levels. These results suggest that increased serum FFAu levels reflect angioplasty-induced ischemia and that FFAu levels may provide a more sensitive measure of ischemia than electrocardiographic measurements. Moreover, because 30% of these patients had post-PTCA FFAu concentrations exceeding those found to alter in vitro cell function, the increased serum FFAu levels that accompany ischemia may be deleterious for myocardial function.
Understanding College Students' Problems: Dysfunctional Thinking, Mental Health, and Maladaptive Behavior.

Many college students experience mental health problems and engage in risky behavior. These problems perpetuate negative outcomes such as poor academic performance and health problems, which may ultimately result in dropping out of college. Maladaptive cognitions, such as criminogenic thinking, have been established as an important contributor to an array of problematic, undesired outcomes in a variety of populations. Criminogenic thinking has been shown to be present in college students, but its association to students’ problematic behavior and emotions has not previously been explored. The results of this study establish a link between criminogenic thinking and negative emotions and problematic behavior in college students, which has important implications for mental health treatment toward improving college students’ psychological well-being and academic success.
The Future of Archives and Manuscripts

The archival profession faces many challenges in the near future, including electronic records, new technology, defining the profession, diversity, cooperation with other information professions, access to records, and enhancing the public image of archivists. Individual archivists and manuscripts curators also face daily challenges of resources, funding, and time. However, there are many resources available for learning more about manuscripts and archives.
Physiology and pathology of TASER electronic control devices

TASER ECDs (electronic control device) are small, battery powered, handheld devices. They deliver short duration, low energy pulses to stimulate motor neurons, causing transient paralysis. While the experience is painful, proper use of the device is rarely associated with significant side effects in spite of 1070 human worldwide exposures daily. In fact, there have been more than 780,000 training exposures and 630,000 field uses (total of over 1.4 million human uses) without any credible evidence of a resulting cardiac arrhythmia. In this article we describe the mechanisms by which the device operates, and review possible morbidities.
Sucrose and Glucose Tolerance in Depancreatized Dogs

ConclusionDefinitely more sucrose than glucose can be tolerated in depancreatized dogs with the same dose of insulin.
Surgical management of duodenal leiomyomas.

Duodenal leiomyomas are rare neoplasms and when present are usually asymptomatic. There are, however, isolated case reports of such leiomyomas giving rise to complications including gastrointestinal hemorrhage and obstruction. The purpose of this study was to review the surgical experience with duodenal leiomyomas at a large tertiary referral center. A retrospective review was performed of all patients with histologically proven duodenal leiomyomas encountered from 1975 to 1995. Twelve patients with surgically treated duodenal leiomyomas were identified. There were eight men and four women with a mean age of 57 years (range 20–73 years) at diagnosis. Anemia was the presenting sign in 10 patients (83%). The mean hemoglobin level at presentation was 10.8 ± 2.67 g/dl. Other presenting signs included melena (n= 5) and epigastric tenderness (n= 4). No patient had obstructive symptoms. Upper endoscopy visualized the lesion in 9 of 10 patients, but endoscopic biopsy provided an accurate histologic diagnosis in only two of six patients biopsied. All resected specimens underwent frozen section and permanent histopathologic analysis. Local excision was performed in eight patients, as benignancy was anticipated at surgical exploration and frozen section findings. Two patients underwent segmental duodenal resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis, and two patients underwent a Whipple procedure. There was no perioperative mortality. Morbidity was minimal. There was no tumor recurrence during a median follow-up of 8.4 years. Gastrointestinal blood loss is the most common complication of duodenal leiomyomas requiring surgical intervention. Small symptomatic leiomyomas with benign features may be safely treated with local excision.
High-precision surface profiling with broadband accordion fringe interferometry

Accordion fringe interferometry (AFI) is an active-triangulation, surface-profiling technique based on projecting interference fringes onto the surface of an object from a source at one location and viewing with a camera at another location. Interference fringes have the advantage of infinite depth of field, which allows large or complex objects to be illuminated without the need for source focus. Conventional AFI produces the interference fringes by using a laser to form two mutually coherent source points. Coherent illumination, however, produces speckle in the image that limits range resolution. A technique that significantly improves the range resolution of AFI is described and demonstrated experimentally. This technique uses broadband illumination to eliminate speckle effects, while maintaining the advantages of interference-fringe projection.
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, a New Fixative for Histological Work

WHILE studying the guinea pig mast cell1, we have discovered a new chemical family of histological fixatives, namely, the glycol ethers. These alcohol derivatives, possessing both an ether and an alcohol group, are miscible with most liquids and are excellent solvents for a variety of substances completely insoluble in water. Marketed under the trade names of ‘Cellosolves’ and ‘Carbitals’, they have found wide use as solvents for cellulose esters in the lacquer industry. Conversely, they do coagulate and precipitate proteins as well as mucopolysaccharides.
Suspending Nitrogen Fertilization Reduces Residual Soil Nitrates in Dryland Cotton

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production is a potential source of nitrate (NO3 −) contamination of soils, groundwater, and streams. The McConnell–Mitchell plots, a long-term study of cotton responses to N-fertilization and irrigation methods, were utilized to determine the NO3 −-N in soil cropped to continuous cotton. The McConnell–Mitchell plots had a split-block experiential design. The main blocks of this test were irrigation methods. Each block of plots was irrigated using a single irrigation method for the entirety of the testing. Nitrogen fertilization rates were tested within each irrigation block. The soil NO3 −-N content of two irrigation blocks, furrow flow (FI) and center pivot (CP), were compared to the dryland (DL) control block. Nitrogen treatments tested within each irrigation block ranged from 0 to 168.0 kg N ha−1 in 33.6-kg N ha−1 increments. Nitrogen treatments were tested for 18 years (1982 through 1999), discontinued for 4 years (2000 through 2003), and ...
Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms That Lead to Supernumerary Teeth in Mice and Men: Current Concepts and Novel Approaches

Supernumerary teeth are defined as those that are present in excess of the normal complement of human dentition and represent a unique developmental anomaly of patterning and morphogenesis. Despite the wealth of information generated from studies on normal tooth development, the genetic etiology and molecular mechanisms that lead to congenital deviations in tooth number are poorly understood. For developmental biologists, the phenomenon of supernumerary teeth raises interesting questions about the development and fate of the dental lamina. For cell and molecular biologists, the anomaly of supernumerary teeth inspires several questions about the actions and interactions of transcription factors and growth factors that coordinate morphogenesis, cell survival and programmed cell death. For human geneticists, the condition as it presents itself in either syndromic or non-syndromic forms offers an opportunity to discover mutations in known or novel genes. For clinicians faced with treating the dental complications that arise from the presence of supernumerary teeth, knowledge about the basic mechanisms involved is essential. The purpose of this manuscript is to review current knowledge about how supernumerary teeth form, the molecular insights gained through studies on mice that are deficient in certain tooth signaling molecules and the questions that require further research in the field.
Impact Metamorphism of Lunar Surface Materials

Silicate grains from Tranquillity Base have shock-induced features ranging from internal fragmentation through complete disruption of the lattice to thermal melting. Half the crystalline grains with diameters less than 125 micrometers have features of shock equivalent to those produced in the laboratory at pressures greater than about 40 kilobars. One quarter have features indicative of pressures greater than 90 kilobars. These properties together with great quantities of melt glass and aluminum-26 in the fine-grained material are indicative of repeated shock-loading by meteoritic bombardment over long periods of time.
Hazard area disclosure in New Zealand: the impacts on residential property values in two communities

Abstract Disclosure of the hazardousness of locations through maps and land use policies has been recommended by researchers in New Zealand in order to increase awareness of the potential for a natural hazard in a community and to allow residents to make informed locational decisions. Opposition to this recommendation has come mostly from the business sector, which argues that such disclosure will have a negative effect on property values. However, this has not been proven, and research results elsewhere are contradictory. Despite opposition, some communities in New Zealand have implemented hazard area disclosure. Two of these communities serve as case studies for this research. Te Aroha's maps and policies result from action following a damaging debris flow in 1985. Thames, a coastal community with riverine flooding problems, uses flood zone maps for building and planning decisions. Evaluation of residential real estate sales before and after disclosure suggests that hazard designation and related policies have had no marked impact on property values. Even for houses with repeat sales, hazardousness was not a significant contributor to price differentials. Indeed, differences in values can be attributed to housing characteristics irrespective of the level of hazardousness associated with a location.
Dietary calcium intake is associated with less gain in intra-abdominal adipose tissue over 1 year.

Calcium intake is reported to enhance weight loss with a preferential loss in trunk fat. Discrepant findings exist as to the effects of calcium intake on longitudinal changes in total fat mass and central fat deposition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine associations between dietary calcium intake and 1-year change in body composition and fat distribution, specifically intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT). A total of 119 healthy, premenopausal women were evaluated at baseline and 1 year later. Average dietary calcium was determined via 4-day food records. Total fat was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and IAAT by computed tomography. Over the study period, participants' reported daily calcium and energy intakes were 610.0 ± 229.9 mg and 1,623.1 ± 348.5 kcal, respectively. The mean change in weight, total fat, IAAT, and SAAT was 4.9 ± 4.4 kg, 5.3 ± 4.0 kg, 7.7 ± 19.5 cm2, and 49.3 ± 81.1 cm2, respectively. Average calcium intake was significantly, inversely associated with 1-year change in IAAT (standardized β: −0.23, P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding variables. For every 100 mg/day of calcium consumed, gain in IAAT was reduced by 2.7 cm2. No significant associations were observed for average calcium intake with change in weight, total fat, or SAAT. In conclusion, dietary calcium intake was significantly associated with less gain in IAAT over 1 year in premenopausal women. Further investigation is needed to verify these findings and determine the calcium intake needed to exert beneficial effects on fat distribution.
Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate response of laying hens to parathyroid hormone.

The plasma calcium and phosphate response to iv injection of PTH was studied in laying hens fed diets containing 2.26% or 5.00% calcium, both during periods of egg shell formation and when no egg was in the shell gland. Compared with results for mammals, the response was considerably larger, more rapid and more transient. With PTH injection at 0 min, plasma calcium (5.00% calcium diet only) and phosphate were significantly decreased at 5 min. This was followed by an increase in the concentration of both ions until a maximum was reached between 20 and 30 min. After 60 min, plasma levels of pullets fed the 2.26% calcium diet were again practically normal. The maximum plasma calcium and phosphate response for the 5.00% calcium diet was more than twice as large as for the 2.26% calcium diet, while the stage in the egg cycle had no effect on the response curves. During the period of hypercalcemia the increases in plasma calcium and phosphate were closely correlated (r = 0.733, p < 0.001), suggesting that the r...
Empirical correlation between protein backbone 15N and 13C secondary chemical shifts and its application to nitrogen chemical shift re-referencing.

The linear analysis of chemical shifts (LACS) has provided a robust method for identifying and correcting 13C chemical shift referencing problems in data from protein NMR spectroscopy. Unlike other approaches, LACS does not require prior knowledge of the three-dimensional structure or inference of the secondary structure of the protein. It also does not require extensive assignment of the NMR data. We report here a way of extending the LACS approach to 15N NMR data from proteins, so as to enable the detection and correction of inconsistencies in chemical shift referencing for this nucleus. The approach is based on our finding that the secondary 15N chemical shift of the backbone nitrogen atom of residue i is strongly correlated with the secondary chemical shift difference (experimental minus random coil) between the alpha and beta carbons of residue i − 1. Thus once alpha and beta 13C chemical shifts are available (their difference is referencing error-free), the 15N referencing can be validated, and an appropriate offset correction can be derived. This approach can be implemented prior to a structure determination and can be used to analyze potential referencing problems in database data not associated with three-dimensional structure. Application of the LACS algorithm to the current BMRB protein chemical shift database, revealed that nearly 35% of the BMRB entries have δ 15N values mis-referenced by over 0.7 ppm and over 25% of them have δ 1HN values mis-referenced by over 0.12 ppm. One implication of the findings reported here is that a backbone 15N chemical shift provides a better indicator of the conformation of the preceding residue than of the residue itself.
Niobium coatings on 316L stainless steel for improving corrosion resistance

Abstract Niobium coatings were deposited onto 316L stainless steel substrates by ion-beam-assisted deposition. The coatings, deposited under 250 eV ion bombardment with [Ar + ]/[Nb] ratios ranging from 0.68 to 0.8, were dense and showed no sign of pitting corrosion in a 3% NaCl solution. Also, based on the result of scratch tests, niobium coatings may act as sacrificial anodes and protect substrates.
Means and capacity for suicidal behavior: A comparison of the ratio of suicide attempts and deaths by suicide in the US military and general population

Background: There is a discrepancy in the frequency of non-lethal and lethal suicidal behavior. Given the extensive training in firearms within the military and prior research indicating that military personnel exhibit elevated mean levels of the acquired capability, we hypothesized that the ratio between non-lethal and lethal suicidal behavior would be lower in US military personnel than in the general population. Method: We examined publicly available data on non-lethal and lethal suicidal behavior within the US military and US general population. Results: The ratio of non-lethal to lethal suicidal behavior was lower in military across sex and age. Furthermore, results indicated that a greater proportion of both non-lethal and lethal suicide attempts in military personnel involved firearms. When considering only suicidal behavior unrelated to firearms, the ratio remained significantly lower in the military. The ratio of non-lethal to lethal suicidal behavior involving drugs and alcohol was not significantly lower in the military. Limitations: The use of public data precluded analyses directly testing competing theories. Also, level of intent involved in non-lethal self-injury in the general population was unclear. Finally, only active duty personnel were considered in analyses related to the military. Conclusions: Suicide attempts in the military are more likely to result in death than in the general population. This appears to be primarily due to the use more lethal means. Clinically, this speaks to the importance of recognizing suicidal desire in military personnel, as it is more likely to be paired with the capacity for suicide than in civilians.
Photoionization of potassium atoms from the ground and excited states

The B-spline Breit-Pauli R-matrix method is used to investigate photoionization of atomic potassium from the ground 3p64s 2S1/2 and excited 3p64p 2Po1/2,3/2 states. The nonorthogonal orbitals have been used for an accurate representation of the initial K bound states, the final K+ ion plus photoelectron states and K+ thresholds. The 43 K+ fine-structure levels of the 3p6, 3p54s, 3p53d, 3p54p, 3p55s and 3p54d configurations have been included in the photoionization calculations. The relativistic effects have been incorporated in the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian.
The foundations of collaborative group decisions

Collaborative engineering requires collaborative group decisions. This paper presents foundations for a collaborative group decision model, and offers suggestions on how to implement such a model. Specifically, decision analysis techniques are explained to provide a sound foundation and a helpful tool to guide collaborative group decisions. These techniques do not oversimplify the realities of collaborative group decisions. They explicitly knowledge differences of judgements and values among group members and offer a constructive framework to account for these differences in the decision process.
Phase Equilibria in the System MgO—MgCr2O4

The liquidus, solidus, and subsolidus in the system MgO-MgCrz04 were redetermined. Petro-graphic studies indicated that 47 wt% Cr203 could enter into the periclase lattice at about 235OO C. X-ray and optical data showed that the solid solution decreased to 32 wt% Cr202 at 2165OC, 11 wt% at 1600°C, 5 wt% at 1400°C, 2.5 wt% at 1200°C, and 0 wt% at 1000°C. Petro-graphic studies also suggested that picrochromite could contain about 5 wt% MgO in solid solution. The liquidus was much higher than has been indicated on previously published phase equilibrium diagrams.
The influence of body mass index on thoracic injuries in frontal impacts

Abstract For this study, a comprehensive analysis was performed to assess the influence of body mass index on thoracic injury potential. The data for this study were obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database for years 1993–2005. Obese occupants had a 26 and 33% higher risk of AIS ≥ 2 and AIS ≥ 3 thoracic injury when compared to lean occupants. The increased risk of AIS ≥ 3 injury due to obesity was slightly higher for older occupants, but the influence of age was greater than that of obesity. The increase in injury potential was higher for unbelted obese occupants than unbelted. Non-parametric and parametric risk curves were developed to estimate the risk of thoracic injury based on occupant BMI, belt use and delta- V . Overall, increase in thoracic injury risk due to obesity is more prominent in males and older occupants and for occupants sustaining AIS ≥ 3 thoracic injuries.