cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring Korean dual language immersion programs in the United States: parents’ reasons for enrolling their children

ABSTRACTThis study explores parents’ reasons for enrolling their children in a Korean dual language immersion (KDLI) program. The research focuses on parents’ reasons for choosing a school and a KDLI program, respectively, to examine whether a KDLI offering significantly affects parents’ decision to enroll their children in a specific school and to investigate which factors parents tend to prioritize when selecting a KDLI program over other language immersion programs. Given the various contexts in which individual KDLI programs operate, this study also compares different parent groups characterized by Korean ethnicity and school characteristics in terms of their responses. The study surveys more than 450 parents of students enrolled in 7 elementary-level KDLI programs in southern California to determine the extent to which parents’ reasons vary across different groups and examine whether group differences exist between Korean and non-Korean parents as well as between parents whose children attend high so...
Inflammation and epigenetic regulation in osteoarthritis.

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) was once defined as a non-inflammatory arthropathy, but it is now well-recognized that there is a major inflammatory component to this disease. In addition to synovial cells, articular chondrocytes and other cells of diarthrodial joints are also known to express inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed that targeting inflammation pathways could be a promising strategy to treat OA. There have been many reports of cross-talk between inflammation and epigenetic factors in cartilage. Specifically, inflammatory mediators have been shown to regulate levels of enzymes that catalyze changes in DNA methylation and histone structure, as well as alter levels of non-coding RNAs. In addition, expression levels of a number of these epigenetic factors have been shown to be altered in OA, thereby suggesting potential interplay between inflammation and epigenetics in this disease. This review provides information on inflammatory pathways in arthritis and summarizes published research on how...
In situ CAD capture

We present an interactive system to capture CAD-like 3D models of indoor scenes, on a mobile device. To overcome sensory and computational limitations of the mobile platform, we employ an in situ, semi-automated approach and harness the user's high-level knowledge of the scene to assist the reconstruction and modeling algorithms. The modeling proceeds in two stages: (1) The user captures the 3D shape and dimensions of the room. (2) The user then uses voice commands and an augmented reality sketching interface to insert objects of interest, such as furniture, artwork, doors and windows. Our system recognizes the sketches and add a corresponding 3D model into the scene at the appropriate location. The key contributions of this work are the design of a multi-modal user interface to effectively capture the user's semantic understanding of the scene and the underlying algorithms that process the input to produce useful reconstructions.
Symptomatic Avascular Necrosis: An Understudied Risk Factor for Acute Care Utilization by Patients with SCD.

Objectives Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with high healthcare utilization rates and poor outcomes in a subset of patients, although the underlying factors that predict this phenotype are poorly understood. Prior studies suggest that comorbid avascular necrosis (AVN) contributes to high healthcare utilization. We sought to clarify whether AVN independently predicts acute care utilization in adults with SCD and to identify characteristics of those with AVN that predict higher utilization. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 87 patients with SCD with symptomatic AVN and compared acute care utilization and clinical characteristics with 87 sex- and age-matched patients with SCD without symptomatic AVN. Patients with ≥2 years of follow-up were included. Outcomes were compared using bivariate analysis and multivariate regression. Results Our study included 1381 follow-up years, with a median of 7 years per patient. The AVN cohort had greater median rates of urgent care visits (3.2/year vs 1.3/year; P = 0.0155), admissions (1.3/year vs 0.4/year; P = 0.0002), and admission days (5.1 days/year vs 1.8 days/year; P = 0.0007). History of high utilization (odds ratio [OR] 4.28; P = 0.001), acute chest syndrome (OR 3.12; P = 0.005), pneumonia (OR 3.20; P = 0.023), hydroxyurea therapy (OR 2.23; P = 0.0136), and long-term transfusion (OR 2.33; P = 0.014) were associated with AVN. In a median regression model, AVN, acute chest syndrome, and pneumonia were independently associated with greater urgent care visits and admissions. Conclusions Symptomatic AVN was found to be an independent risk factor for acute care utilization in patients with SCD. Because this is a potentially modifiable factor, further studies are urgently needed to determine whether AVN prevention/early treatment interventions will alter utilization and improve outcomes for patients with SCD.
Surgical Interventions in Hip and Pelvis Injuries

The diagnosis of hip and pelvic pathology can be difficult, and a complete understanding of anatomy and pathology combined with a thorough history and physical examination is essential. Differentiation between primary hip and pelvic pathology and secondary compensatory dysfunction is crucial to designing an appropriate treatment strategy. The treating clinician should be aware of all available imaging modalities, including radiographs, MRI, and CT, which are essential to formulating an accurate diagnosis. There is a high rate of asymptomatic hip and pelvic pathology in athletic individuals. Imaging findings should be correlated with clinical symptoms and examination findings.
Tracking the Fate of Cells in Health and Disease.

A new method that involves marking DNA by changing its sequence may provide a more accurate understanding of developmental disorders and cancer in models of disease.
Pairwise interaction extended point-particle model for a random array of monodisperse spheres

This study introduces a new point-particle force model that attempts to account for the hydrodynamic influence of the neighbouring particles in an Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation. In previous point-particle models the force on a particle depends only on Reynolds number and mean volume fraction. Thus, as long as the mean local volume fraction is the same, the force on different particles will be estimated to be the same, even though the precise arrangement of neighbours can be vastly different. From direct numerical simulation (DNS) it has been observed that in a random arrangement of spheres that were distributed with uniform probability, the particle-to-particle variation in force can be as large as the mean drag. Since the Reynolds number and mean volume fraction of all the particles within the array are the same, the standard models fail to account for the significant particle-to-particle force variation within the random array. Here, we develop a model which can compute the drag and lateral forces on each particle by accounting for the precise location of a few surrounding neighbours. A pairwise interaction is assumed where the perturbation flow induced by each neighbour is considered separately, then the effects of all neighbours are linearly superposed to obtain the total perturbation. Faxen correction is used to quantify the force perturbation due to the presence of the neighbours. The single neighbour perturbations are mapped in the vicinity of a reference sphere and stored as libraries. We test the pairwise interaction extended point-particle (PIEP) model for random arrays at two different volume fractions of and 0.21 and Reynolds numbers in the range . The PIEP model predictions are compared against drag and lift forces obtained from the fully resolved DNS simulations performed using the immersed boundary method. Although not perfect, we observe the PIEP model prediction to correlate much better with the DNS results than the classical mean drag model prediction.
Convergence: The future of health

The integration of the life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and information technology—often referred to as Convergence—has emerged in recent years as a powerful approach to research with the potential to lead to medical and technological breakthroughs. As emphasized in
Pathologic complete response rates observed in women with locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel.

1035 Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is predictive of outcome in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). A non-anthracycline containing NCT regimen (Sikov et al. JCO 10/09) may reduce the risk of associated secondary hematologic malignancies and cardiac toxicity while yielding comparable pCR rates. Methods: A retrospective review of all LABC and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cases treated from 4/09 to 12/11 with a NCT regimen of carboplatin (AUC of 6, administered on day 1) and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (given weekly on a 21-28 day cycle) was conducted at the City of Hope Cancer Center (COHCC). Pts with HER2+ (HER+) tumors received trastuzumab during the NCT treatment. All pCRs (pCR of primary only – "pCR1°"; pCR of primary and lymph nodes – "pCR-All") were determined by a COHCC pathologist based on final surgical specimens. Results: 38 pts were identified, with 39 breast primaries; 18% had IBC, 62% of LABCs/IBCs were hormone receptor posit...
Immunometabolic Regulations Mediated by Coinhibitory Receptors and Their Impact on T Cell Immune Responses.

Host immunity provides wide spectrum protection that serves to eradicate pathogens and cancer cells, while maintaining self-tolerance and immunological homeostasis. Ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigen activates signaling pathways that coordinately induce aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, anabolic metabolism, and T effector cell differentiation. Activation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR triggers the switch to anabolic metabolism by inducing transcription factors such as Myc and HIF1, and the glucose transporter Glut1, which is pivotal for the increase of glucose uptake after T cell activation. Activation of MAPK signaling is required for glucose and glutamine utilization, whereas activation of AMPK is critical for energy balance and metabolic fitness of T effector and memory cells. Coinhibitory receptors target TCR proximal signaling and generation of second messengers. Imbalanced activation of such signaling pathways leads to diminished rates of aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial function resulting in defective anabolic metabolism and altered T cell differentiation. The coinhibitory receptors mediate distinct and synergistic effects on the activation of signaling pathways thereby modifying metabolic programs of activated T cells and resulting in altered immune functions. Understanding and therapeutic targeting of metabolic programs impacted by coinhibitory receptors might have significant clinical implications for the treatment of chronic infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
Pdtm-45. Investigating Pediatric Gbm Using In Vivo Somatic Mouse Mosaics With Locus-Specific, Stably-Integrated Transgenic Elements

AbstractViral vectors and electroporation (EP)-mediated gene transfers are efficient means of inducing somatic mosaicism in mice, but they lack the exquisite control over transgene copy number, gene zygosity, and genomic-locus speci-ficity that genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) provide. Here, we develop and demonstrate a simple and generalizable in vivo method, mosaic analysis by dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (MADR). MADR allows for stable labeling of mutant cells express transgenic elements from a precisely-defined chromosomal locus. To test our method, we generated reporter-labeled lineages from stem and progenitor cells in a well-defined Rosa26mTmG mouse. We demonstrate the power and versatility of MADR by creating novel glioma models with mixed, reporter-defined zygosity or with “personalized,” H3.3-containing driver mutation signatures from pediatric glioma-each manipulation altering the profile of resulting tumors. Thus, MADR provides a high-throughput genetic platform for the dissection of development and disease, and this rapid method can be applied to the thousands of existing gene-trap mice.
Integrating Spatially Explicit Representations of Landscape Perceptions into Land Change Research

Human perceptions of the landscape can influence land-use and land-management decisions. Recognizing the diversity of landscape perceptions across space and time is essential to understanding land change processes and emergent landscape patterns. We summarize the role of landscape perceptions in the land change process, demonstrate advances in quantifying and mapping landscape perceptions, and describe how these spatially explicit techniques have and may benefit land change research. Mapping landscape perceptions is becoming increasingly common, particularly in research focused on quantifying ecosystem services provision. Spatial representations of landscape perceptions, often measured in terms of landscape values and functions, provide an avenue for matching social and environmental data in land change studies. Integrating these data can provide new insights into land change processes, contribute to landscape planning strategies, and guide the design and implementation of land change models. Challenges remain in creating spatial representations of human perceptions. Maps must be accompanied by descriptions of whose perceptions are being represented and the validity and uncertainty of those representations across space. With these considerations, rapid advancements in mapping landscape perceptions hold great promise for improving representation of human dimensions in landscape ecology and land change research.
Optimal disclosure decisions when there are penalties for nondisclosure

We study a seller of an asset who is liable for damages if the seller fails to disclose to buyers an estimate of the asset's value he knew prior to the sale. Our results include as either the “damages multiplier” that determines the size of the damages the seller must pay buyers increases, or as the probability the seller is caught withholding his estimate from buyers increases, the seller discloses his estimate less often, and as the precision of the seller's estimate increases, he sells a larger fraction of the asset.
Reduction of Nonspecificity Motifs in Synthetic Antibody Libraries.

Abstract Successful antibody development requires both functional binding and desirable biophysical characteristics. In the current study, we analyze the causes of one hurdle to clinical development, off-target reactivity, or nonspecificity. We used a high-throughput nonspecificity assay to isolate panels of nonspecific antibodies from two synthetic single-chain variable fragment libraries expressed on the surface of yeast, identifying both individual amino acids and motifs within the complementarity-determining regions which contribute to the phenotype. We find enrichment of glycine, valine, and arginine as both individual amino acids and as a part of motifs, and additionally enrichment of motifs containing tryptophan. Insertion of any of these motifs into the complementarity-determining region H3 of a “clean” antibody increased its nonspecificity, with greatest increases in antibodies containing Trp or Val motifs. We next applied these rules to the creation of a synthetic diversity library based on natural frameworks with significantly decreased incorporation of such motifs and demonstrated its ability to isolate binders to a wide panel of antigens. This work both provides a greater understanding of the drivers of nonspecificity and provides design rules to increase efficiency in the isolation of antibodies with drug-like properties.
A game-theoretic demand response market with networked competition model

In classical competition models, each firm decides on the amount of production to maximize its own profit and only one market is shared among all firms. In the case with more than one market which has been proposed in recent years, Networked Cournot Competition (NCC) models the relation between firms and markets. This paper describes a model of competition between demand response aggregators (as firms) which sell aggregated energy stored in residential storage devices (as a homogeneous good) in a networked environment with a market maker. This game is called Networked Stackelberg Competition (NSC). In this paper, for each firm, the optimal bidding plan and Nash equilibrium are obtained in an incomplete information game. Demand response aggregators submit their bids and the market maker (system operator) controls the transaction powers and price subject to grid's constraints and policies. Also, the effect of price-based demand scheduling has been studied on the firms' payoffs in a real world case study.
Norovirus Illnesses in Children and Adolescents

Norovirus is a leading cause of childhood vomiting and diarrhea in the United States and globally. Although most illnesses caused by norovirus are self-resolving, severe outcomes may occur from dehydration, including hospitalization and death. A vast majority of deaths from norovirus occur in developing countries. Immunocompromised children are at risk for more severe outcomes. Treatment of norovirus illness is focused on early correction of dehydration and maintenance of fluid status and nutrition. Hand hygiene, exclusion of ill individuals, and environmental cleaning are important for norovirus outbreak prevention and control, and vaccines to prevent norovirus illness are currently under development.
ESM I/O Layers

While Earth System models have been among the very largest consumers of high-performance computing (HPC) cycles, they very rarely figure on lists of computing tours de force, such as the Gordon Bell prize. Among the reasons are that ESMs, especially climate models, tend to be among the most I/O intensive applications in HPC.
Argumente gegen Freuds Fallstudien

Grunbaum analysierte pragnant und gewissenhaft die Argumente, die Freud zur Rechtfertigung seiner theoretischen Hypothesen vorgebracht hat. Im Brennpunkt von Grunbaums Kritik steht nicht die Frage, ob Freuds theoretische Aussagen valide sind, sondern die Vorstellung, das man mit Hilfe der psychoanalytischen Methode, wie sie in Psychotherapiesitzungen angewendet wird, glaubwurdige, objektive Evidenz zur Erhartung der psychoanalytischen Theorie beibringen kann. In den letzten Jahren haben Fisher und ich uns eingehend mit der Frage nach der wissenschaftlichen Gultigkeit von Freuds Uberlegungen befast und einen umfassenden Uberblick sowie eine Analyse aller empirischen Beweise, die fur die Ideen Freuds sprechen, vorgelegt (Fisher u. Greenberg 1977, 1985). Wie Grunbaum sind auch wir zu dem Schlus gekommen, das es auserst fragwurdig ist, die Gultigkeit von Ideen allein auf der Grundlage von Fallstudienmaterial zu beurteilen. Derartiges Material unterliegt einer Vielzahl von Fehlerquellen und Verzerrungen. Beispielsweise konnte man in Untersuchungen zu illusorischen wechselseitigen Beziehungen empirisch nachweisen, das Kliniker aufgrund theoretischer Vorurteile tendenziell bedeutsame Beziehungen in ihren Daten beobachten, auch wenn die Beziehungen in dem prasentierten Material gar nicht vorhanden sind (z. B. Chapman u. Chapman 1967, 1969). Die Forschung hat auserdem gezeigt, das Beobachter das Verhalten, nach dem sie suchen, wahrscheinlich nach Art einer sich selbst erfullenden Vorhersage selbst erzeugen (Rosenthal 1966), sobald sie, wie bei der Psychotherapie, mit ihrem Beobachtungsobjekt in Wechselwirkung treten (s. auch Rosenthal u.
Calcium Exchange in Myocardial Tissue Culture

Calcium (Ca2+) exchange in whole, functional cardiac tissue is complex (Shine et al., 1971). The exchangeable fraction is characterized by a minimum of five phases. These include vascular, interstitial, and cellular components that are not unequivocally separable. Quantitation of contents ascribable to particular morphological loci and fluxes across identifiable membranes is not possible. A unique model that includes the five phases, describes tissue Ca2+ flux, and is capable of being tested experimentally cannot be rigorously defined.
The reproducibility of urinary ions in manganese exposed workers.

Abstract Purpose Manganese (Mn) is found in environmental and occupational settings, and can cause cognitive and motor impairment. Existing Mn exposure studies have not reached consensus on a valid and reproducible biomarker for Mn exposure. Methods Previously, global metabolomics data was generated from urine collected in October 2014 using mass spectrometry (MS). Nine ions were found to be different between persons exposed and unexposed to Mn occupationally, though their identity was not able to be determined. Here, we investigated these nine ions in a follow-up set of urine samples taken from the same cohort in January 2015, and in urine samples from a separate Mn-exposed cohort from Wisconsin. We fit an elastic net model fit using the nine ions found in the October 2014 data. Results The elastic net correctly predicted exposure status in 72% of the follow-up samples collected in January 2015, and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.8. In the Wisconsin samples, the elastic net performed no better than chance in predicting exposure, possibly due to differences in Mn exposure levels, or unmeasured occupational or environmental co-exposures. Conclusions This work underscores the importance of taking repeat samples for replication studies when investigating the human urine metabolome, as both within- and between-person variances were observed. Validating and identifying promising results remains a challenge in harnessing global metabolomics for biomarker discovery in occupational cohorts.
Effect of composted greenwaste and rockwool on plant growth of okra, tomato, and chili peppers.

Rockwool is an inert growing media popular in the hydroponics industry. Eventually the rockwool fills with plant material and must be replaced and the residuals are disposed. Composting of this mat...
Fractures of the Distal Radius

Fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures in the upper limb of the middleand older-age population. These fractures, commonly classified as Colles’ fractures, have received relatively little attention in orthopaedic circles. Perhaps this is due to the fact that none of the commonly used methods of treatment have been able to completely eliminate the complications of shortening and loss of the radial and volar tilt of the distal radius. Such complications have been accepted as inevitable in certain fractures and their clinical significance have not been considered serious. Patients seem to get accustomed to the deformity and the residual limitation of motion and weakness of grasp. All common methods of treatment seem to require a relatively long period of incapacitation before maximum recovery is achieved. Some have recommended methods of treatment which ensure maintenance of reduction of the fragments either by internal fixation of the fragments or by external fixators with pins above and below the fracture. This latter treatment, although capable of providing maintenance of anatomic reduction, is often associated with complications of varying types, such as loosening of the pins and low grade infections along their tracts. More important perhaps is the fact that the rigid immobilization of the wrist joint in a distracted position leads to the development of stiffness which in the elderly requires a long time before its complete disappearance.
Crystal structures of two bis-carbamoyl­methyl­phosphine oxide (CMPO) compounds

Two bis-carbamoyl­methyl­phosphine oxide compounds, namely {[(3-{[2-(di­phen­yl­phosphino­yl)ethanamido]­meth­yl}benz­yl)carbamo­yl]meth­yl}di­phenyl­phos­phine oxide, C36H34N2O4P2, (I), and diethyl [({2-[2-(di­eth­oxy­phosphino­yl)ethanamido]­eth­yl}carbamo­yl)meth­yl]phospho­nate, C14H30N2O8P2, (II), were synthesized via nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions between an ester and a primary amine. Hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are present in both crystals, but these inter­actions are intra­molecular in the case of compound (I) and inter­molecular in compound (II). Intra­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions are also present in the crystal of compound (I) with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.9479 (12) A and a dihedral angle of 9.56 (12)°. Inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions [C⋯centroid distance of 3.622 (2) A, C—H⋯centroid angle of 146°] give rise to supra­molecular sheets that lie in the ab plane. Key geometric features for compound (I) involve a nearly planar, trans-amide group with a C—N—C—C torsion angle of 169.12 (17)°, and a torsion angle of −108.39 (15)° between the phosphine oxide phospho­rus atom and the amide nitro­gen atom. For compound (II), the electron density corresponding to the phosphoryl group was disordered, and was modeled as two parts with a 0.7387 (19):0.2613 (19) occupancy ratio. Compound (II) also boasts a trans-amide group that approaches planarity with a C—N—C—C torsion angle of −176.50 (16)°. The hydrogen bonds in this structure are inter­molecular, with a D⋯A distance of 2.883 (2) A and a D—H⋯A angle of 175.0 (18)° between the amide hydrogen atom and the P=O oxygen atom. These non-covalent inter­actions create ribbons that run along the b-axis direction.
Halitosis as a product of hepatic disease : research

Objectives: This study evaluated halitosis in patients suffering from hepatic disease. Material and methods: Twenty-five patients (12 males and 13 females) aged between 16 and 73 years who had undergone treatment for liver disease were included in this study. Three halimeter recordings were performed to measure methyl mercarptan and hydrogen sulphite. Mean values were calculated and compared with normal values (75-120 ppb). The level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: Thirteen of the 25 subjects (52%) had normal Volatile Sulphur Compound (VSC) values (75-120 ppb). Twelve subjects (48%) recorded values ranging from 132 to 1112 ppb. There was no correlation between hepatic pathology and halitosis. Fifty-two percent of all subjects had poor oral hygiene, strongly correlated with high VSC values (P<0.05) whereas the remaining 48% with good hygiene had normal levels of VSC. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, high values of VSC were not associated with the presence of hepatic disease.
Primary Paraganglioma of the Facial Canal: An Evidence-Based Approach:

ObjectivesTo perform an evidence-based review evaluating presenting symptoms, imaging, and management for primary paragangliomas of the facial canal (PPFCs).Data SourcesPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Coch...
PV Penetration Optimization with WAM Smart Inverters through Reduction of Power System Distribution Losses

The continued decrease in pricing of photovoltaic (PV) systems has led to sustained growth in installations of residential and commercial arrays. Many of these residential arrays are behind the meter (BTM) and can influence the power flow, voltage levels and the characteristics of lines and buses in the distribution system. The addition of PV systems into the grid can help reduce losses for utility companies, but due to the inherent intermittent nature of PV it can also pose new challenges. These challenges are apparent when designing the voltage regulating devices and the ideal locations of the new distributed generation sources. The goal of this study is to develop an algorithm in MATLAB coupled with Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI) simulation tool OpenDSS to determine the optimal locations in the distribution networks for the installation of residential or commercial grade PV systems to reduce power system losses while monitoring the bus voltages and system frequency to ensure stability of the system. A wide-are a-monitoring (WAM) smart inverter is implemented in the algorithm to determine optimized PV locations to aid with frequency and voltage stability. The IEEE 123 bus system is used as the test distribution network for analysis, but the algorithm will not be wed to this network. Any future network implemented by users in the OpenDSS system will be able to be optimized for PV installations with the algorithm. This system will provide distribution utility companies a tool to support designing optimal locations for the PV systems in their respective networks to minimize the power system losses as well as to allow for future growth of distributed generation (DG).
Emergency department utilization by people living with HIV released from jail in the US South

Incarceration is disruptive to HIV care, often resulting in poor retention in care for people living with HIV (PLWH) after jail release. This gap in HIV care might result in potentially preventable emergency department (ED) utilization. We analyzed demographic, incarceration, socioeconomic and clinical data for PLWH released from the Dallas County Jail to the community (1450 incarcerations, 1155 unique individuals) between January 2011 and November 2013. The study population consisted of predominantly men (77%), with a mean age of 39 years, 67% were black and 14% were Hispanic; half of the releasees visited the ED at least once during the first-year post-jail. In adjusted analyses, female gender, family awareness of HIV status, serious mental illness, and late engagement to HIV care were significantly associated with higher ED utilization. Compared to the general Dallas population, PLWH released from jail had a 5-fold higher proportion of ED visits classified as related to substance use or mental health. Further efforts are needed to improve the transition from incarceration to community-based HIV care, substance use disorder treatment and mental health services, and to directly address re-engagement in HIV care for out-of-care PLWH who visit the ED.
Challenges in clinical breath research development

Abstract Novel diagnostics have much promise, but they can be difficult to develop from concept to clinical utility. Herein, we review concepts germane to breath research, including metabolite selection and development vision, and offer some practical guidance. Although breath sampling is safe and can inexpensively and quickly deliver measurement results, clinical research evaluating breath analysis must adhere to the same safety and efficacy standards as other forms of clinical trials. A cohesive and well-resourced multidisciplinary team is required. Convincing results are expensive and time consuming to obtain, but essential for clinical, and ultimately, commercial success.
Ultrasound Technologies for Imaging and Modulating Neural Activity

Summary Visualizing and perturbing neural activity on a brain-wide scale in model animals and humans is a major goal of neuroscience technology development. Established electrical and optical techniques typically break down at this scale due to inherent physical limitations. In contrast, ultrasound readily permeates the brain, and in some cases the skull, and interacts with tissue with a fundamental resolution on the order of 100 μm and 1 ms. This basic ability has motivated major efforts to harness ultrasound as a modality for large-scale brain imaging and modulation. These efforts have resulted in already-useful neuroscience tools, including high-resolution hemodynamic functional imaging, focused ultrasound neuromodulation, and local drug delivery. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs promise to connect ultrasound to neurons at the genetic level for biomolecular imaging and sonogenetic control. In this article, we review the state of the art and ongoing developments in ultrasonic neurotechnology, building from fundamental principles to current utility, open questions, and future potential.
Role of tumor margin and ADC change in defining the need for additional treatments after the first TACE in patients with unresectable HCC.

Abstract Purpose To define the number of TACE sessions needed to improve patients’ overall survival (OS) in different subgroups of unresectable HCC. Methods This retrospective cohort included 180 patients who got TACE between 2005–2016 as the initial treatment for unresectable HCC. Tumor margin (well- vs. ill-defined) was determined by two radiologists at baseline. Well-defined group was divided into two groups (ADC-responders vs. ADC-nonresponders) based on %ADC change (ΔADC-cutoff = 25 %). Accordingly, patients were categorized into three groups, ill-defined, well-defined ADC-responders, or well-defined ADC-nonresponders. Cox-analysis was used to compare the survival benefit of multiple TACE in different groups. Results Ill-defined HCC (n = 108) was associated with worse survival (HR = 1.95,p Conclusion The survival benefit of sequential TACE sessions varies for different HCC subgroups. There was no significant survival benefit associated with multiple TACE in well-defined lesions responding to the first TACE. The most survival benefit was for ADC-nonresponder well-defined group and it was least for ill-defined HCC group, regardless of ADC-response.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): a powerful technique to study the SEI layer in batteries

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on a silicon anode is investigated by SERS. Gold electrodeposition on a silicon electrode is confirmed by SEM, and Raman enhancement is proved, allowing determination of the partial composition of its SEI. For the first time, organophosphate-derivatives seem to be detected by Raman.
Chain Rule Note

A bothersome detail in the proof of the calculus chain rule occurs when the change in the intermediate variable may take the value 0. See, for example, [1]. Correct proofs when given in calculus te...
Virtual Microgrids: Implications of Blockchain Technologies for Peer-to-Peer Trading of Renewable Energy

By transforming how transactions are recorded, verified, and arranged, while eliminating the need for intermediaries, blockchain is generating a shift in focus away from centralized structures (e.g., exchanges, trading platforms, energy companies) towards decentralized systems (e.g., end customers, energy consumers interacting directly). In particular, by ensuring security, authenticity, and execution of financial and energy flows of across the grid, blockchain enables organization of electricity consumers with individual ownership of renewable energy resources (such as solar panels) into {\em virtual microgrids} for the purpose of peer-to-peer trading of locally generated renewable energy. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework to describe equilibrium outcomes in such a virtual microgrid whose each heterogeneous participant first decides, at the beginning of the time horizon, on the level of renewable generation capacity to invest in. Then, throughout the time horizon, he satisfies his (stochastic) demand for electricity either from his own installed generation capacity, or by means of blockchain-mediated purchases of electricity available from his peers in the virtual microgrid. We determine the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium for this two-stage, simultaneous, non-cooperative, infinite-horizon game with perfect information played by participants in a virtual microgrid. For each such participant, we derive: (i) optimal capacity of his renewable energy investment; (ii) optimal amount of energy bought and sold through peer-to-peer electricity trading at each point in time; and (iii) the marginal value of the energy traded in the microgrid that minimizes his electricity-related costs. We prove that an electricity consumer is always better off with a virtual microgrid than without, with his resulting cost savings averaging 9.7\% in our numerical studies. We establish that the cost performance of a virtual microgrid in equilibrium exactly matches that of a centralized microgrid optimized for total cost. Thus, when participants in a virtual microgrid act optimally to minimize their own individual costs, they also achieve full coordination of the entire system and realize its minimum total cost.
Research on the error probability distribution of photovoltaic output prediction based on output fluctuation characteristics and Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model

Photovoltaic power output forecast error exists objectively and inevitably, and it can provide a guarantee for safe and stable operation of the power system through analyzing its characteristics. In this paper, the influence of predicted output fluctuation characteristics (predicted output amplitude and power variation) on prediction error was studied based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The prediction error conditions were classified into six types based on the clustering of numerical characteristics of predicted output. Then, a Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model (GGMM) was proposed to fit the prediction error distribution of each type of photovoltaic output. The mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2 ), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used as accuracy evaluation indexes. The example analysis showed that the GGMM can satisfy the asymmetry and kurtosis diversity of the error distribution after division by conditions, and the fitting result is better than that of the normal distribution, improved Laplace distribution and t Location-Scale distribution model.
Co-Teaching Historical Geography through French Landscapes

The disciplines of geography and history have long been intertwined, classically so in the French tradition. Jules Michelet (1833), Elysee Reclus (1876–1894), and Paul Vidal de la Blache (1903) hel...
Air quality and health-related impacts of traditional and alternate jet fuels from airport aircraft operations in the U.S.

Abstract Aviation emissions from landing and takeoff operations (LTO) can degrade local and regional air quality leading to adverse health outcomes in populations near airports and downwind. In this study we aim to quantify the air quality and health-related impacts from commercial LTO emissions in the continental U.S. for two recent years’ inventories, 2011 and 2016. We quantify the LTO-attributable PM2.5, O3, and NO2 concentrations and health outcomes for mortality and multiple morbidity health endpoints. We also quantify the impacts from two scenarios representing a nation-wide implementation of 5% or 50% blends of sustainable alternative jet fuels. We estimate 80 (68–93) and 88 (75–100) PM2.5-attributable and 610 (310–920) and 1,100 (570–1,700) NO2-attributable premature mortalities in 2011 and 2016, respectively. We estimate a net decrease of 28 (14–56) and 54 (27–110) in O3-attributable premature mortalities across the U.S. in 2011 and 2016, respectively due to the large O3 titration effects near the airports. We also find that the asthma exacerbations due to NO2 exposures from LTO emissions increase from 100,000 (2,500–200,000) in 2011 to 170,000 (4,400–340,000) in 2016. Implementing a 5% or 50% blend of sustainable alternative jet fuel in 2016 results in a 1% or 18% reduction, respectively in PM2.5-attributable premature mortalities. Monetizing the value of avoided total premature mortalities, we find that a 50%-blended sustainable alternative jet fuel results in a 19% decrease in PM2.5 damages per ton of fuel burned and a 2% decrease in total damages per ton of fuel burned as compared to damages from traditional jet fuel. We also quantify health impacts by state and find California to be the most impacted by LTO emissions. We find that LTO-attributable PM2.5 and NO2 premature mortalities increase by 10% and 80%, respectively from 2011 to 2016 and that NO2-attributable premature mortalities are responsible for 91% of total LTO-attributable premature mortalities in both 2011 and 2016. And since we find LTO-attributable NO2 to be unaffected by the implementation of sustainable alternative jet fuels, additional approaches focused on NOX reductions in the combustor are needed to mitigate the air quality-related health impacts from LTO emissions.
Pure Culture Studies of Erwinia carotovora with 3,5-Diiodo-4-Hydroxybenzonitrile

Interactions of ioxynil (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) with a pure culture of Erwinia carotovora grown in a glucose-simple salts medium were studied. Growth of E. carotovora was inhibited by ioxynil and, to a lesser extent, by its acid form at 25 and 50 μg/ml. Growth was not inhibited by the amide or ester forms of ioxynil or p-hydroxybenzonitrile at the same concentrations. E. carotovora could be trained to grow in 50 μg or higher concentrations of ioxynil per ml by serial transfers of the organism through increasing ioxynil concentrations. No degradation or detoxification of ioxynil was detected. Toxicity tests indicated that, in the adapted culture, cell-free supernatant fluid remained toxic to a nonadapted culture. Adaptation of E. carotovora resulted in a lengthened lag phase, a decreased growth rate, and very few adverse effects on the total population. The adapted resistant culture retained this characteristic only when ioxynil was present. Adaptation was demonstrated to be a physiological variation, not a selection of a mutant or of preexisting resistant cells. Ioxynil slightly stimulated the respiration rate of E. carotovora and moderately inhibited that of an adapted culture. Because the respiration rate of an adapted culture in the absence of ioxynil surpassed that of a parent culture still in the presence of ioxynil, a competition of two alternate routes of electron transport is implied. These data support the conclusion that an alternate growth mechanism is involved in the adaptation mechanism.
A high‐resolution record of early Miocene Antarctic glacial history from ODP Site 1165, Prydz Bay

[1] ODP Site 1165, located 400 km northwest of Prydz Bay, contains a high-resolution early Miocene record of pulses of ice-rafted debris (IRD) originating from the ancestral Lambert Glacier system and the Antarctic coast to the east. The 520 m of early Miocene sediments consist of dark gray claystone with silt laminae (contourites) alternating with decimeter-scale layers of greenish-gray bioturbated claystone that commonly contain ice-rafted debris. Downhole logs also record the alternations between the two facies: the IRD-bearing greenish-grey claystone corresponds to high resistivity and density values because of increased cementation by silica, and corresponds to lower natural gamma radiation values because of diluted clay content. The downhole logs thus allow a continuous and detailed stratigraphic record of the IRD-bearing layers to be obtained. The IRD-bearing layers represent deglaciations and interglacials, when a high flux of icebergs with incorporated material were melting out over the site; the contourite-rich layers represent glacials, when the Polar Current over the site was relatively strong. The sequence is dated by magnetostratigraphy, and the timing of the major IRD pulses is paced by orbital eccentricity, indicating that the volume of the East Antarctic ice sheet also fluctuates on this timescale. After 19.7 Ma, minor precessional and subprecessional IRD layers appear in the record, indicating that the ice sheet becomes more prone to deglaciation through this interval, perhaps associated with the gradual warming trend through the early Miocene.
Jurisdiction as Property: Franchise Jurisdiction from Henry III to James I

In medieval and renaissance England jurisdictions were often held as property. Relationships between these jurisdictions were property relations. The basic laws of jurisdiction were trespass and title. Infringement of a jurisdiction was a trespass, and abuse of a defendant by a court could be a trespass. In addition, the king could use his writ of right to challenge title to a franchise. In determining title, a crucial idea was seisin, which for franchises generally meant proper and continual use, and for jurisdictions in particular came to mean the following of proper procedure. Defense of trespass by and seisin of a franchise court came to imply obligations of protecting individual rights and serving the public good as well as private gain. Thus the property relations between franchises played a significant role in the development of English jurisdictional and procedural law.
Survey of Students’Identification of Cluttering and Stuttering

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure students’ abilities to identify known persons with fluency disorders. One group read written definitions of stuttering and cluttering; the other group read the definitions and also viewed a video segment on cluttering. Results yielded no significant differences in the numbers of persons with fluency disorders identified by the two groups. However, participants who received written definitions only identified more people who clutter than those who also viewed the video. This may suggest that people provided with only a written definition of cluttering may be overestimating the number of individuals they know who clutter.
Informational ergonomics and design: signage design for Monte Sião Camp.

This paper refers to the development of a signage system, driven by the vector of Signage Design and Informational Ergonomics associated with Regulatory Standards. The methodology of the Ergonomic Intervention of Moraes and Mont'Alvao (2003), in its early stages, and the Method of the Signage Pyramid of Calori (2007) were used to develop the research, data collection and analysis and to guide the design by a signaling system. The system contemplated by this job is called Mount Zion, a site of 19 hectares, which has signs of disturbance. As a result, we obtained a signaling system, with graphic features that refer to formal-site, capable of meeting the needs of orientation and displacement inherent to the site.
MHD Wave Energy Fluxes for Late-Type Dwarfs

We calculate the efficiency of MHD wave generation by turbulent motions in the stratified stellar atmospheres of late-type main sequence stars, under the assumption that the embedded magnetic fields are uniform. In contradiction with previous results, we show that there is no significant increase in the efficiency of wave generation because of the presence of magnetic fields, at least within the theory's limits of applicability. Thus, we show that MHD energy fluxes for late-type stars whose surface magnetic fields are uniform are less than those obtained for acoustic waves in a magnetic field-free atmosphere, and do not vary enough for a given spectral type in order to explain observed UV and X-ray fluxes. Thus, our results show that MHD energy fluxes obtained if stellar surface magnetic fields are uniform cannot explain the observed stellar coronal emissions.
Safe and reliable operation of sulfur batteries with lithiated silicon

Abstract Li–S batteries are very promising due to high energy density and low cost of sulfur compared to the current commercial Li-ion batteries, but they are yet to be viable in practice due to safety hazard and reliability issues. Here we used lithiated Si anode to couple with S, which are the two of the most appealing due to the high energy density but challenging electrode materials for cycling due to volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle. Our LixSi–S (LSS) cells showed stable cycling performance with capacity retention up to 80%, which can be attributed to the use of mesoporous structures in the electrodes. More importantly, the LSS cells were found to be safe and reliable even under two common failure modes, internal and external short-circuit. On the contrary, for Li–S cells, Li dendrites formed during charge made the cell internally short-circuited, and external short-circuit made the cathode powdery. This study provides not only crucial information regarding the failure mechanisms, but also safer and more reliable operation of high-capacity and low-cost sulfur batteries, which are crucial for use in practice.
Synthesis of demissidine by a ring fragmentation 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach

A synthesis of the steroidal alkaloid demissidine from epiandrosterone is reported. A ring fragmentation reaction that efficiently ruptured the D-ring of a diazo ester derivative of epiandrosterone to provide an aldehyde tethered ynoate product was key to this sequence. Incorporation of the indolizidine framework was achieved by an azomethine ylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.